þÿ<title>ELE202-Black Box Review</title> <div id="fb-root"></div> <script async defer crossorigin="anonymous" src="https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js#xfbml=1&version=v3.2"></script> <h1><span style="background-color: #ccffcc;"><strong>ELE202 - Black Box Tutorial (Kevin's section)</strong></span></h1> <p>&nbsp;<a href="http://www.kevkevworld.net/EE/">[back to main page]</a></p> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline; color: #999999;"><strong>Lab Tutorial Date</strong></span></p> <p><span style="color: #999999;">Extra Lab Tutorial for <em>Sec 1</em> and <em>Sec 7</em> will be on <strong>March 28</strong>, 3:50 PM at room ENG302</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <h2><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>Lab Test Date</strong></span></h2> <p>The actual <strong>Lab Test date</strong> will be on&nbsp;<span style="background-color: #ff9900;"><strong>April 3rd (Section 7)</strong></span> and <strong><span style="background-color: #ff9900;">April 4th (Section 1)</span></strong>, 1 hour</p> <p><a href="http://kevkevworld.net/EE/ele202_labtest_schedule_1and7 .html">ELE202 - Lab Test Schedule (Sec 1 and Sec 7) </a>&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <h2><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>Equipment:</strong></span></h2> <p>1 x decade resistor box (or Green Resistor Box)</p> <p>1 x function generator (with 1 output cable)</p> <p>1 x oscilloscope (with 2 input cables for Ch1 and Ch2)</p> <p>1 x black box</p> <p>1 x cable</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><a href="http://www.kevkevworld.net/EE/">[back to main page]</a></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <h2><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>STEPS:</strong></span></h2> <p>STEP&nbsp;<strong>1</strong> - Connection</p> <p>Connect as following</p> <p>&nbsp;<img src="http://www.kevkevworld.net/EE/blackbox/bbox_newversion.p ng" alt="Black Box Test Setting" width="753" height="537" /></p> <p>1a) Function Generator output cable, connect the <strong><span style="color: #ff0000;">RED</span></strong> part to one end of the Black Box, and the&nbsp;<strong>BLACK</strong> part to the end of test resistor (decade box; or green resistor box, up to you)</p> <p><img src="http://www.kevkevworld.net/EE/blackbox/a1.png" width="300" height="253" /></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>1b) Connect a short cable between the the other end of the Black Box to the other end of your test resistor (decade box)</p> <p><img src="http://www.kevkevworld.net/EE/blackbox/a2.png" width="300" height="253" /></p> <p>Your circuit is complete; next is connecting the Channel 1 and Channel 2.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>1c) Connect <span style="background-color: #ff6600;">Channel 1</span> input cable from Oscillscope to Black Box and Test Resistor.&nbsp;</p> <p>Remember, the <strong><span style="color: #ff0000;">RED</span></strong> part of the cable goes to the Black Box, the <strong>BLACK</strong> part of cable is your GROUND,</p> <p>exactly <span style="text-decoration: underline;">same poisiton</span> as you your Function Generator's output position.&nbsp;</p> <p>same point as your Function Generator output calbe's BLACK part (this is your GROUND)</p> <p><img src="http://www.kevkevworld.net/EE/blackbox/a3.png" width="500" /></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>1d) For <span style="background-color: #339966;">Channle 2</span>, connect the <strong>BLACK</strong> part to your GROUND on the test resistor.</p> <p>You should already have two black wire on top, so make the third one on top.</p> <p>Connect the <strong><span style="color: #ff0000;">RED</span></strong> part on the other terminal of your test resistor.&nbsp; DONE</p> <p><img src="http://www.kevkevworld.net/EE/blackbox/a4.png" width="500" /></p> <p>Remember, there should be 3 cable (V<sub>s</sub>(-), Ch<sub>1</sub>(-), Ch<sub>2</sub>(-))&nbsp; all attached on your <strong>GROUND</strong> terminal now.</p> <p><img src="http://www.kevkevworld.net/EE/blackbox/a5.png" width="650" /></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>STEP&nbsp;<strong>2</strong></p> <p>Channel 1 is measuring the VOLTAGE</p> <p>Channel 2 is measuring the CURRENT (V<sub>ch2</sub> / test resistor)</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>STEP <strong>3</strong></p> <p>Set the decade resistor box to 20 ohm</p> <p>Rtest resistor =&nbsp;&nbsp; 20 ohm</p> <p>* You may use the <span style="color: #008000;">Green Resistor Box</span> (20 ohm is on there too)</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>STEP <strong>4</strong></p> <p>Set Function Generator to</p> <p>- 5 V peak (or 10 V peak to peak), use <span style="background-color: #99ccff;">Amplitude Knob</span></p> <p>- Sine wave, Press <span style="background-color: #99ccff;">Sine Wave button</span></p> <p>- 500 Hz to start with (or any frequency you like), use <span style="background-color: #99ccff;">Frequency Knob</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>STEP <strong>5</strong></p> <p>Press <em>AutoScale</em> on the Oscilloscope</p> <p>Push-in the button under <em>Channel 1</em> and <em>Channel 2</em> (centralize the wave)</p> <p>Press <em>Measure</em> on the Oscilloscope -- &gt; Change Mode / Source -- &gt; (1) Peak to Peak (2) Phase</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>STEP <strong>6</strong></p> <p>Change the Frequency on the Function Generator</p> <p>Analysis the wave (voltage leading or current leading?)</p> <p>Record down frequency and phase value</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>STEP <strong>7</strong></p> <p>Repeat STEP 6, you may need to Pres AutoScale everytime.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;<a href="http://www.kevkevworld.net/EE/">[back to main page]</a></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <h2><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>ANALYSIS</strong></span></h2> <p>4 type, RC Series, RC Parallel, RL Series, RL Parallel</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <table style="width: 103.435%;" border="1"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 7%;">&nbsp;</td> <td style="width: 19.7768%;" align="center"><strong>RC Series</strong></td> <td style="width: 20.2232%;" align="center"><strong>RC Parallel</strong></td> <td style="width: 20%;" align="center"><strong>RL Series</strong></td> <td style="width: 20%;" align="center"><strong>RL Parallel</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 7%;" align="center"><strong>Inside Black Box Connection</strong> <p>&nbsp;</p> </td> <td style="width: 19.7768%;"><img src="http://www.kevkevworld.net/EE/blackbox/RCS.png" width="200" height="255" border="0" /></td> <td style="width: 20.2232%;"><img src="http://www.kevkevworld.net/EE/blackbox/RCP.png" width="237" height="176" border="0" /></td> <td style="width: 20%;"><img src="http://www.kevkevworld.net/EE/blackbox/RLS.png" width="158" height="230" border="0" /></td> <td style="width: 20%;"><img src="http://www.kevkevworld.net/EE/blackbox/RLP.png" width="197" height="161" border="0" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 7%;" align="center"><strong>Waveform</strong></td> <td style="width: 19.7768%;" align="center"><span style="color: #000080;"><span style="color: #ffcc00;"><strong><span style="color: #008000;">Current</span>&nbsp;</strong></span><span style="color: #000000;">is at the Left Side of the <span style="color: #ff9900;"><strong>Voltage</strong></span></span></span></td> <td style="width: 20.2232%;" align="center"><strong><span style="color: #008000;">Current</span>&nbsp;</strong>is at the Left Side of the <span style="color: #ff9900;"><strong>Voltage</strong></span></td> <td style="width: 20%;" align="center"><span style="color: #008000;"><strong>Current </strong></span>is on the Right Side of the <span style="color: #ff9900;"><strong>Voltage</strong></span></td> <td style="width: 20%;" align="center"><span style="color: #008000;"><strong>Current</strong><span style="color: #000000;"> is on the Right Side of the</span> <span style="color: #ff9900;"><strong>Voltage</strong></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 7%;" align="center"> <p><strong>Waveform</strong></p> <p><strong>Result</strong></p> </td> <td style="width: 19.7768%;" align="center"> <p><img src="http://www.kevkevworld.net/EE/blackbox/rccircuit.jpg" width="300" height="177" /></p> </td> <td style="width: 20.2232%;" align="center"> <p><img src="http://www.kevkevworld.net/EE/blackbox/rccircuit.jpg" width="300" height="177" /></p> </td> <td style="width: 20%;" align="center"> <p><img src="http://www.kevkevworld.net/EE/blackbox/rlcircuit.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="184" /></p> </td> <td style="width: 20%;" align="center"> <p><img src="http://www.kevkevworld.net/EE/blackbox/rlcircuit.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="184" /></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 7%;" align="center" height="37"> <p><strong>Frequency</strong></p> <p><strong>and</strong></p> <p><strong>Phase</strong></p> </td> <td style="width: 19.7768%;" align="center" height="37"> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>Increasing Frequency cause</p> <p>Phase Difference to Decrease</p> <p><span style="font-size: 300%; background-color: #99ccff;">F&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;<img src="http://kevkevworld.net/EE/blackbox/up.jpg" width="45" height="45" border="0" /></p> <p><span style="font-size: 300%; background-color: #99ccff;">&Phi;&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;<img src="http://kevkevworld.net/EE/blackbox/down.jpg" width="45" height="45" border="0" /></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> </td> <td style="width: 20.2232%;" align="center" height="37"> <p>Increasing Frequency will cause</p> <p>Phase Difference to Increase</p> <p><span style="font-size: 300%; background-color: #99ccff;">F&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;<img src="http://kevkevworld.net/EE/blackbox/up.jpg" width="45" height="45" border="0" /></p> <p><span style="font-size: 300%; background-color: #99ccff;">&Phi;&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;<img src="http://kevkevworld.net/EE/blackbox/up.jpg" width="45" height="45" border="0" /></p> </td> <td style="width: 20%;" align="center" height="37"> <p>Increasing Frequency will cause</p> <p>Phase Difference to Increase</p> <p><span style="font-size: 300%; background-color: #99ccff;">F&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;<img src="http://kevkevworld.net/EE/blackbox/up.jpg" width="45" height="45" border="0" /></p> <p><span style="font-size: 300%; background-color: #99ccff;">&Phi;&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;<img src="http://kevkevworld.net/EE/blackbox/up.jpg" width="45" height="45" border="0" /></p> </td> <td style="width: 20%;" align="center" height="37"> <p>Increasing Frequency cause</p> <p>Phase Difference to Decrease</p> <p><span style="font-size: 300%; background-color: #99ccff;">F&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;<img src="http://kevkevworld.net/EE/blackbox/up.jpg" width="45" height="45" border="0" /></p> <p><span style="font-size: 300%; background-color: #99ccff;">&Phi;&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;<img src="http://kevkevworld.net/EE/blackbox/down.jpg" width="45" height="45" border="0" /></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 7%;" height="37"> <p><strong>New Example</strong></p> <p><em><strong>2019</strong></em></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> </td> <td style="width: 19.7768%;" align="center" height="37"> <p>RCS Testing</p> <p>R = 1k&Omega;, C = 0.1uF, Series&nbsp;&nbsp;</p> </td> <td style="width: 20.2232%;" align="center" height="37"> <p>RCP Testing</p> <p>R = 1k&Omega;, C = 0.1uF, Parallel</p> </td> <td style="width: 20%;" align="center" height="37"> <p>RLS Testing</p> <p>R = 1k&Omega;, L = 0.5H</p> </td> <td style="width: 20%;" align="center" height="37"> <p>RLP Testing</p> <p>R = 1k&Omega;, L = 0.5H</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 7%;" height="37"> <p><strong>Operating Videos</strong></p> <p><em><strong>2019</strong></em></p> </td> <td style="width: 19.7768%;" align="center" height="37"> <p><a href="https://youtu.be/LNivmY_X5Iw" target="_blank" rel="noopener">RC Series</a></p> <p><iframe src="//www.youtube.com/embed/LNivmY_X5Iw" width="300" height="168" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe></p> </td> <td style="width: 20.2232%;" align="center" height="37"> <p><a href="https://youtu.be/8dc-shEO9H8" target="_blank" rel="noopener">RC Parallel</a></p> <p><iframe src="//www.youtube.com/embed/8dc-shEO9H8" width="300" height="168" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe></p> </td> <td style="width: 20%;" align="center" height="37"> <p><a href="https://youtu.be/yZqCBGTTyg0" target="_blank" rel="noopener">RL Series</a>&nbsp;</p> <p><iframe src="//www.youtube.com/embed/yZqCBGTTyg0" width="300" height="168" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe></p> </td> <td style="width: 20%;" align="center" height="37"> <p><a href="https://youtu.be/HqB7O_Nt87w" target="_blank" rel="noopener">RL Parallel</a></p> <p><iframe src="//www.youtube.com/embed/HqB7O_Nt87w" width="300" height="168" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 7%;" height="37"> <p><strong>Analysis </strong></p> <p><strong>Part 1</strong></p> <p>RC or RL</p> <p>Series or Parallel</p> </td> <td style="width: 19.7768%;" align="center" height="37"> <p style="text-align: left;">1) Its <span style="background-color: #cc99ff;">RC</span>, b/c in the video, as you can see, the <span style="text-decoration: underline;">current is on the <em>left</em> side of voltage</span></p> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><img src="http://www.kevkevworld.net/EE/blackbox/rccircuit.jpg" width="250" height="148" /></span></p> <p style="text-align: left;">2) Its <span style="background-color: #cc99ff;">Series</span>, b/c in the video, as you can see, <span style="text-decoration: underline;">when frequency <strong>increase</strong>, the phase difference <strong>decrease</strong></span>.</p> <p style="text-align: left;">f<sub>1</sub> = 500.65 Hz,&nbsp;&theta; = -79.67<sup>o</sup></p> <p style="text-align: left;">f<sub>2</sub> = 1000 Hz,&nbsp;&theta; = -58.09<sup>o</sup></p> <p style="text-align: left;"><img src="http://www.kevkevworld.net/EE/blackbox/rcs_500Hz.jpg" width="250" height="141" /></p> <p style="text-align: left;"><img src="http://www.kevkevworld.net/EE/blackbox/rcs_1000Hz.jpg" width="250" height="141" /></p> <p style="text-align: left;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align: left;">&nbsp;</p> </td> <td style="width: 20.2232%; text-align: left;" align="center" height="37"> <p>1) Its <span style="background-color: #cc99ff;">RC</span>, b/c in the video, as you can see, the <span style="text-decoration: underline;">current is on the <em>left</em> side of voltage</span></p> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><img src="http://www.kevkevworld.net/EE/blackbox/rccircuit.jpg" width="250" height="148" /></span></p> <p>2) Its <span style="background-color: #cc99ff;">Parallel</span>, b/c in the video, as you can see, <span style="text-decoration: underline;">when frequency <strong>increase</strong>, the phase difference&nbsp;<strong>increase</strong></span>.</p> <p>f<sub>1</sub> = 502.99 Hz,&nbsp;&theta; = -17.08<sup>o</sup></p> <p>f<sub>2</sub> = 1000 Hz,&nbsp;&theta; = -33.52<sup>o</sup></p> <p><img src="http://www.kevkevworld.net/EE/blackbox/rcp_500Hz.jpg" width="250" height="141" /></p> <p><img src="http://www.kevkevworld.net/EE/blackbox/rcp_1000Hz.jpg" width="250" height="141" /></p> <p style="text-align: left;">&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> </td> <td style="width: 20%;" align="center" height="37"> <p style="text-align: left;">1) Its <span style="background-color: #cc99ff;">RL</span>, b/c in the video, as you can see, the <span style="text-decoration: underline;">current is on the <em>right</em> side of voltage</span></p> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><img src="http://www.kevkevworld.net/EE/blackbox/rlcircuit.jpg" width="250" height="153" /></span></p> <p style="text-align: left;">2) Its <span style="background-color: #cc99ff;">Series</span>, b/c in the video, as you can see, <span style="text-decoration: underline;">when frequency <strong>increase</strong>, the phase difference <strong>increase</strong>.</span></p> <p style="text-align: left;">f<sub>1</sub> = 482.37 Hz,&nbsp;&theta; = 40.85<sup>o</sup></p> <p style="text-align: left;">f<sub>2</sub> = 1.0071 kHz,&nbsp;&theta; = 59.81<sup>o</sup></p> <p style="text-align: left;"><img src="http://www.kevkevworld.net/EE/blackbox/rls_500Hz.jpg" width="250" height="141" /></p> <p><img style="float: left;" src="http://www.kevkevworld.net/EE/blackbox/rls_1000Hz.jpg" width="250" height="141" /></p> <p style="text-align: left;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align: left;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align: left;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align: left;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align: left;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align: left;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align: left;">&nbsp;</p> </td> <td style="width: 20%;" align="center" height="37"> <p style="text-align: left;">1) Its <span style="background-color: #cc99ff;">RL</span>, b/c in the video, as you can see, the <span style="text-decoration: underline;">current is on the <em>right</em> side of voltage</span></p> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><img src="http://www.kevkevworld.net/EE/blackbox/rlcircuit.jpg" width="250" height="153" /></span></p> <p style="text-align: left;">2) Its <span style="background-color: #cc99ff;">Parallel</span>, b/c in the video, as you can see, <span style="text-decoration: underline;">when frequency <strong>increase</strong>, the phase difference&nbsp;<strong>decrease</strong></span>.</p> <p style="text-align: left;">f<sub>1</sub> = 482.15 Hz,&nbsp;&theta; = 25.56<sup>o</sup></p> <p style="text-align: left;">f<sub>2</sub> = 1.0071 kHz,&nbsp;&theta; = 15.15<sup>o</sup></p> <p><img src="http://www.kevkevworld.net/EE/blackbox/rlp_500Hz.jpg" width="250" height="141" /></p> <p><img src="http://www.kevkevworld.net/EE/blackbox/rlp_1000Hz.jpg" width="250" height="141" /></p> <p style="text-align: left;">&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 7%;" height="37"> <p><strong>Analysis</strong></p> <p><strong>Part 2</strong></p> <p>Value for</p> <p>R, C, L</p> </td> <td style="width: 19.7768%;" align="center" height="37"> <p style="text-align: left;">3) Reocrd down the following <strong>4</strong> key data from the Oscilloscope and Function Generator under same frequency (I choice 1kHz)</p> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: #ccffcc;">V<sub>a(ch1)</sub></span> , <span style="background-color: #ccffcc;">V<sub>b (ch2)</sub></span> ,&nbsp;<span style="background-color: #ccffcc;">&theta;</span> and <span style="background-color: #ccffcc;">f</span></p> <p style="text-align: left;">V<sub>a (Ch1)</sub> = 10.3 V <span style="color: #999999;"><em>(peak to peak) </em></span></p> <p style="text-align: left;">V<sub>b (Ch2)</sub> = 109 mV&nbsp; <span style="color: #999999;"><em>(peak to peak) </em></span></p> <p style="text-align: left;">I<sub>m</sub> = (109 mV / 2) / 20&nbsp;&Omega; = 2.725 mA</p> <p style="text-align: left;"><em>Phase</em> &theta; = - 58.15<sup>o</sup></p> <p style="text-align: left;"><em>frequency</em> f =&nbsp; 1008.1 Hz</p> </td> <td style="width: 20.2232%; text-align: left;" align="center" height="37">3) Reocrd down the following <strong>4</strong> key data from the Oscilloscope and Function Generator under same frequency (I choice 1kHz) <p><span style="background-color: #ccffcc;">V<sub>a(ch1)</sub></span> , <span style="background-color: #ccffcc;">V<sub>b (ch2)</sub> </span>,&nbsp;<span style="background-color: #ccffcc;">&theta;</span> and <span style="background-color: #ccffcc;">f</span></p> <p>V<sub>a (Ch1)</sub> = 9.8 V <span style="color: #999999;"><em>(peak to peak) </em></span></p> <p>V<sub>b (Ch2)</sub> = 225 mV&nbsp; <span style="color: #999999;"><em>(peak to peak) </em></span></p> <p>I<sub>m</sub> = (225 mV / 2) / 20&nbsp;&Omega; = 5.625 mA</p> <p><em>Phase</em> &theta; = - 35<sup>o</sup></p> <p><em>frequency</em> f =&nbsp; 1059.5 Hz</p> </td> <td style="width: 20%; text-align: left;" align="center" height="37"> <p>3) Reocrd down the following <strong>4</strong> key data from the Oscilloscope and Function Generator under same frequency (I choice 1kHz)</p> <p><span style="background-color: #ccffcc;">V<sub>a(ch1)</sub> </span>, <span style="background-color: #ccffcc;">V<sub>b (ch2)</sub></span> ,&nbsp;<span style="background-color: #ccffcc;">&theta;</span> and <span style="background-color: #ccffcc;">f</span></p> <p>V<sub>a (Ch1)</sub> = 9.4 V <span style="color: #999999;"><em>(peak to peak) </em></span></p> <p>V<sub>b (Ch2)</sub> = 59 mV&nbsp; <span style="color: #999999;"><em>(peak to peak) </em></span></p> <p>I<sub>m</sub> = (59 mV / 2) / 20&nbsp;&Omega; = 1.475 mA</p> <p><em>Phase</em> &theta; = 59.82<sup>o</sup></p> <p><em>frequency</em> f =&nbsp; 1.008 kHz</p> &nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td style="width: 20%;" align="center" height="37"> <p style="text-align: left;">3) Reocrd down the following <strong>4</strong> key data from the Oscilloscope and Function Generator under same frequency (I choice 1kHz)</p> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: #ccffcc;">V<sub>a(ch1)</sub></span> , <span style="background-color: #ccffcc;">V<sub>b (ch2)</sub></span> ,&nbsp;<span style="background-color: #ccffcc;">&theta;</span> and <span style="background-color: #ccffcc;">f</span></p> <p style="text-align: left;">V<sub>a (Ch1)</sub> = 9.2 V <span style="color: #999999;"><em>(peak to peak) </em></span></p> <p style="text-align: left;">V<sub>b (Ch2)</sub> = 197 mV&nbsp; <span style="color: #999999;"><em>(peak to peak) </em></span></p> <p style="text-align: left;">I<sub>m</sub> = (197 mV / 2) / 20&nbsp;&Omega; = 4.925 mA</p> <p style="text-align: left;"><em>Phase</em> &theta; = 15.02<sup>o</sup></p> <p style="text-align: left;"><em>frequency</em> f =&nbsp; 1.0516 kHz</p> &nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 7%;" height="37"> <p><strong>Calcuation</strong></p> </td> <td style="width: 19.7768%;" align="center" height="37"> <p style="text-align: left;">V<sub>m</sub> = V<sub>a</sub> / 2 <span style="color: #999999;"><em>(if V<sub>a</sub> is p- to-p)</em></span> = 5.15 V</p> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #ff0000;"><strong>Z</strong> = (V<sub>m</sub>/I<sub>m</sub>) Cos<em>&theta;</em> + <em>j</em> (V<sub>m</sub>/I<sub>m</sub>)Sin<em>&theta;</em></span></p> <p style="text-align: left;">&nbsp; &nbsp;= (5.15/2.725x10<sup>-3</sup>)Cos(-58.15<sup>o</sup>) +&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align: left;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; j&nbsp; (5.15/2.725x10<sup>-3</sup>)Sin(-58.15<sup>o</sup>)</p> <p style="text-align: left;">&nbsp; &nbsp;= 1.889x10<sup>3</sup>(0.5299)</p> <p style="text-align: left;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; + <em>j</em> 1.889x10<sup>3</sup>&nbsp;(-0.8480)</p> <p style="text-align: left;">&nbsp; &nbsp;= 1.00098x10<sup>3</sup> - <em>j</em> 1.6018 x 10<sup>3</sup></p> <p style="text-align: left;">Where also <span style="color: #ff0000;"><strong>Z</strong> = R + 1/(<em>j&omega;</em>c) </span></p> <p style="text-align: left;">set <span style="text-decoration: underline;">real equal real</span>, <span style="text-decoration: underline;">img equal img</span></p> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: #cc99ff;">R =&nbsp;1.00098x10<sup>3</sup></span></p> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #003300;"><span style="color: #000000; background-color: #ffcc99;">* I assume R<sub>test</sub> 20&Omega; and internal resistance inside the Function Generator 50&Omega; is <strong>negligible</strong> compare to actual R.&nbsp; <strong>R&nbsp;&gt;&gt;20&Omega;</strong></span>&nbsp;</span></p> <p style="text-align: left;">&omega; = 2&pi;<em>f</em>&nbsp;= 2&pi;(1008.1) = 6333.45</p> <p style="text-align: left;">1/(<em>j&omega;</em>c) =&nbsp;- <em>j</em> 1.6018</p> <p style="text-align: left;">1/c = -j*j (6333.45 * 1.6018 x 10<sup>3</sup>)</p> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: #cc99ff;">c = 1/(10133.52x 10<sup>3</sup>)</span></p> <p style="text-align: left;">&nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="background-color: #cc99ff;">=&nbsp;9.86823927e- 8</span></p> </td> <td style="width: 20.2232%; text-align: left;" align="center" height="37"> <p>V<sub>m</sub> = V<sub>a</sub> / 2 <span style="color: #999999;"><em>(if V<sub>a</sub> is p-to-p)</em></span> = 4.9 V</p> <p><span style="color: #ff0000;"><strong>Y</strong> =&nbsp; (I<sub>m</sub>/V<sub>m</sub>)Cos<em>&theta;</em> + <em>j</em>(I<sub>m</sub>/V<sub>m</sub>) Sin<em>&theta;</em></span></p> <p>= (5.625x10<sup>-3</sup>/4.9)Cos(-35<sup>o</sup>) +&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; j&nbsp;(5.625x10<sup>-3</sup>/4.9) Sin(-35<sup>o</sup>)</p> <p>&nbsp; &nbsp;= (1.14795/10<sup>3</sup>)(0.819) +&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; j (1.14795/10<sup>3</sup>)(-0.5735)</p> <p>&nbsp; &nbsp;= 0.00094017 - j 0.0006755&nbsp;</p> <p>Where also <span style="color: #ff0000;"><strong>Y</strong> = 1/R + <em>j&omega;</em>c</span></p> <p>set <span style="text-decoration: underline;">real equal real</span>, <span style="text-decoration: underline;">img equal img</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #cc99ff;">R = 1/0.00094017</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #cc99ff;">&nbsp; &nbsp;= 1063.636</span></p> <p>&omega; = 2&pi;<em>f</em>&nbsp;= 2&pi;(1008.1) = 6333.45</p> <p><em>j&omega;</em>c = -j&nbsp;0.0006755</p> <p><span style="background-color: #cc99ff;">c = 0.0006755/6333.45</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #cc99ff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =&nbsp;1.06664507e-7</span></p> </td> <td style="width: 20%;" align="center" height="37"> <p style="text-align: left;">V<sub>m</sub> = V<sub>a</sub> / 2 <span style="color: #999999;"><em>(if V<sub>a</sub> is p- to-p)</em></span> = 4.7 V</p> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #ff0000;"><strong>Z</strong> = (V<sub>m</sub>/I<sub>m</sub>) Cos<em>&theta;</em> + <em>j</em> (V<sub>m</sub>/I<sub>m</sub>)Sin<em>&theta;</em></span></p> <p style="text-align: left;">&nbsp; &nbsp;= (4.7/1.475x10<sup>-3</sup>)Cos(59.82<sup>o</sup>) +&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align: left;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; j&nbsp; (4.7/1.475x10<sup>-3</sup>)Sin(59.82<sup>o</sup>)</p> <p style="text-align: left;">&nbsp; &nbsp;= 3186.44067797 (0.5027)</p> <p style="text-align: left;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; + <em>j</em>&nbsp;3186.44067797 (0.8644)</p> <p style="text-align: left;">&nbsp; &nbsp;= 1641.137&nbsp;&nbsp;+&nbsp;<em>j</em> 2754.35</p> <p style="text-align: left;">Where also <span style="color: #ff0000;"><strong>Z</strong> = R + j<em>&omega;</em>L</span></p> <p style="text-align: left;">set real equal real, img equal img</p> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: #cc99ff;">R =&nbsp;1641.137</span></p> <p style="text-align: left;">&omega; = 2&pi;<em>f</em>&nbsp;= 2&pi;(1008) = 6333.45</p> <p style="text-align: left;"><em>j&omega;</em>L&nbsp;=&nbsp;<em>j</em> 2754.35</p> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: #cc99ff;">L = 2754.35/6333.45</span></p> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: #cc99ff;">&nbsp; &nbsp;=&nbsp;0.4349</span></p> </td> <td style="width: 20%;" align="center" height="37"> <p style="text-align: left;">V<sub>m</sub> = V<sub>a</sub> / 2 <em>(if V<sub>a</sub> is p-to-p)</em> = 4.6 V</p> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #ff0000;"><strong>Y</strong> =&nbsp; (I<sub>m</sub>/V<sub>m</sub>)Cos<em>&theta;</em> + <em>j</em>(I<sub>m</sub>/V<sub>m</sub>) Sin<em>&theta;</em></span></p> <p style="text-align: left;"><em>...</em></p> <p style="text-align: left;"><em>...</em></p> <p style="text-align: left;"><em>Where also </em><span style="color: #ff0000;"><strong>Y</strong>&nbsp;= 1/R + 1/ (j&omega;L)</span></p> <p style="text-align: left;">set real equal real, img equal img</p> <p style="text-align: left;">R = ???</p> <p style="text-align: left;">L = ???</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 7%;" height="37"> <p><strong>Conclusion</strong></p> </td> <td style="width: 19.7768%; text-align: left;" align="center" height="37"> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>R =&nbsp; 1.00098x10<sup>3</sup>&Omega;</strong></span></p> <p>(actual value is 1k&Omega;)</p> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>C =&nbsp;9.86823927e-8</strong></span><strong> =</strong><strong> 9.868 x 10</strong><strong><sup>-8</sup> F</strong></p> <p>(actual value is 0.1 uF)</p> <p>RC - Series</p> </td> <td style="width: 20.2232%;" align="center" height="37"> <p style="text-align: left;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">R = 1063.636&Omega;</span></strong></p> <p style="text-align: left;">(acutal value is&nbsp;1k&Omega;)</p> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>C = 1.06664507e-7</strong></span><strong> = 1.07 x 10</strong><strong><sup>-7</sup></strong><strong> F</strong><strong>&nbsp;</strong></p> <p style="text-align: left;">(actual value is 0.1 uF)</p> <p style="text-align: left;">RC - Parallel</p> </td> <td style="width: 20%;" align="center" height="37"> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>R = 1641.137&Omega;</strong></span></p> <p style="text-align: left;">(actual value is 1k&Omega;, a little off)</p> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>L = 0.43 H</strong></span></p> <p style="text-align: left;">(actual value is 0.5 H)</p> <p style="text-align: left;">RL - Series</p> </td> <td style="width: 20%;" align="center" height="37"> <p>R = ? L = ?</p> <p>Try it yourself...</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://www.kevkevworld.net/EE/">[back to main page]</a></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <h3><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>GENERAL KNOWLEDGE</strong></span></h3> <p><strong>1) I still don't understand how to figure out if its RC? or RL?</strong></p> <p>Step 1 - Put <strong><span style="color: #ff9900;">Voltage (Va, Channel 1)</span></strong> at the centre of your Scope screen (middle).</p> <p><img src="http://www.kevkevworld.net/EE/blackbox/graph1.jpg" alt="G1" width="500" height="230" /></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>Step 2 - If the <strong><span style="color: #339966;">Current (Vb, Channel 2)</span></strong> is on the <strong>LEFT</strong> side of <span style="color: #ff6600;"><strong>Voltage</strong></span>, its <span style="background-color: #99ccff;"><strong>RC</strong></span></p> <p><img src="http://www.kevkevworld.net/EE/blackbox/graph2.jpg" alt="G1" width="500" height="230" /></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>Step 3 - If the <span style="color: #339966;"><strong>Current (Vb, Channel 2)</strong></span> is on the <strong>RIGHT</strong> side of <span style="color: #ff6600;"><strong>Voltage</strong></span>, its <span style="background-color: #ccffcc;"><strong>RL</strong></span></p> <p><img src="http://www.kevkevworld.net/EE/blackbox/graph3.jpg" alt="G3" width="500" height="213" /></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>2) Calcuation : Z Impedance and Y Admittance</strong></p> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Series</span> Circuit (both RC series and RL series)</p> <p>use Impedance equation <span style="background-color: #99ccff;"><strong>Z</strong> = (V<sub>m</sub>/I<sub>m</sub>) Cos<em>&theta;</em> + <em>j</em> (V<sub>m</sub>/I<sub>m</sub>)Sin<em>&theta;</em></span></p> <p>and it also equal</p> <p><strong>Z</strong> = R + 1/(<em>j</em>&omega;c)&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;... if its RC</p> <p><strong>Z</strong> = R + <em>j</em>&omega;L&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;... if its RL</p> <p>Set <strong>Z</strong> = <strong>Z</strong>, real part equal real part,&nbsp;imaginary part equal imaginary part&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Paralle</span> Circuit (for both RC parallel and RL parallel)</p> <p>use Admittance equation <span style="background-color: #ccffcc;"><strong>Y</strong> = (I<sub>m</sub>/V<sub>m</sub>) Cos<em>&theta;</em> + <em>j</em> (I<sub>m</sub>/V<sub><sup>m</sup></sub>) Sin<em>&theta;</em></span></p> <p>and it also euqal</p> <p><strong>Y</strong> = 1/R + <em>j</em>&omega;c&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;... if its RC</p> <p><strong>Y</strong> = 1/R + 1/<em>j</em>&omega;L&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;... if its RL</p> <p>Set <strong>Y</strong>&nbsp;= <strong>Y</strong>, real part equal real part,&nbsp;imaginary part equal imaginary part&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>2)&nbsp;&omega;</strong>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="background-color: #99ccff;">&omega; = 2&pi;f</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>3)&nbsp;Cos&theta; and Sin&theta;</strong></p> <p>The phase angle display on the scope is in <span style="text-decoration: underline;">degree</span> (not rad).</p> <p>Make sure you set <span style="text-decoration: underline;">degree</span> on your&nbsp;calculator</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>4) What is j = ?</strong></p> <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <em>j</em> = &radic;(&minus;1)</p> <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<em>j<sup>2</sup></em> = &minus;1</p> <p>We don't use <em>i</em>, because its the same symbol as we use for current. So we use <strong><em>j</em></strong></p> <p><br /><strong>5) V<sub>b</sub></strong></p> <p><br />Remember, Channle b (V<sub>b</sub>) is in <span style="background-color: #339966;">mv</span><br />m = 10<sup>-3</sup>, don't forget it</p> <p><br /><strong>6) Unit</strong></p> <p><br />The unit for capacitance C is <strong>F</strong> (farad)<br />The unit for&nbsp;inductance L is <strong>H</strong> (henry)</p> <h3>&nbsp;</h3> <p><strong>7) The Phase Angle issue</strong></p> <p><span style="color: #999999;">(special thanks to&nbsp;Ashab)</span></p> <p><span style="color: #999999;">"<em>You said that the function of an RC is in series if the frequency increases and the phase difference</em></span></p> <p><span style="color: #999999;"><em>decreases. However in the example you have shown, the phase difference goes from -79.67 to -58.09.</em></span></p> <p><span style="color: #999999;"><em> Wouldn't this mean that thie phase inceases because -58 is higher than -79 becasue it is cloer to 0?</em>"</span></p> <p>f<sub>1</sub> = 500.65 Hz,&nbsp;&theta; = -79.67<sup>o</sup></p> <p>f<sub>2</sub> = 1000 Hz,&nbsp;&theta; = -58.09<sup>o</sup></p> <p>Yes, you are right, the phase angle is increasing.&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>But, </strong>becareful, we are looking at the <span style="text-decoration: underline;">phase <span style="background-color: #99ccff;">difference</span></span>&nbsp;between Channel 1 and Channel 2,</p> <p>its not just the phase itself.&nbsp; Another way to said it, how far away in phase between Ch1 and Ch2.</p> <p>To be safe and not to confused yourslef, you can use <span style="text-decoration: underline;">absloute on the angle</span> and compare them after,</p> <p>it will work for both RC and RL.</p> <p>|&theta;1, -79.67<sup>o</sup>| &gt; |&theta;2, -58.09<sup>o</sup>|</p> <p>79.67<sup>o</sup> &gt; 58.09<sup>o</sup></p> <p>And based on that, the <span style="background-color: #99cc00;">phase difference</span> is decreasing.</p> <p><span style="color: #808080;">p.s. but don't use abs on phase when you calcuate the <strong>Z</strong> and <strong>Y, </strong></span></p> <p><span style="color: #808080;">also, the value for <strong>R</strong>, <strong>C</strong>, <strong>L</strong>&nbsp;are <strong>always</strong> positive.</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>8) Should I consider Rtest value for my R calculation?</strong></p> <p><span style="color: #808080;">(special thanks to&nbsp;Faiza)</span></p> <p>This depend on your TA, follow your TA's instruction.&nbsp;</p> <p>For my sections #1 and #7 (Kevin's), you don't have to do that.&nbsp;</p> <p>Since as we discuss before, when you consider the magnitude of actual R, the R<sub>test</sub> is really small;</p> <p>and that is why we use this tiny resistance value for the current (not affecting the voltage too much)</p> <p>Notice, R<sub>test</sub>&nbsp;= 20&Omega; may be&nbsp;<strong>negligible</strong> compare to actual R, since R is much more bigger,</p> <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>R&nbsp;&gt;&gt;&gt;20&Omega;</strong>&nbsp;</p> <p>However, if your TA want you include it, please do so.</p> <p>The equation will be like the following:</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>When you to consider Rtest = 20&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>Z</strong> = (V<sub>m</sub>/I<sub>m</sub>) Cos<em>&theta;</em> + <em>j</em> (V<sub>m</sub>/I<sub>m</sub>)Sin<em>&theta;</em></p> <p><span style="background-color: #99ccff;"><strong>Z</strong> = R + <strong>20</strong> + 1/(<em>j</em>&omega;c)&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;... if its RC Series</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #99ccff;"><strong>Z</strong> = R + <strong>20</strong> +&nbsp;<em>j</em>&omega;L&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;... if its RL Series</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>Basically, just substract 20 from your final answer, done.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>9) What is |Z| = ?</strong></p> <p>|Z| = |V<sub>m</sub>/I<sub>m</sub>|</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>10) I don't know anything, I don't even know how to do lab 1, my partner did everything for me, do you think I can pass the test?</strong></p> <p>No, I don't think you can pass this test without any understanding. Please review and learn it.&nbsp;</p> <p>Plus, we will have a long path to go in the future, include EES604, ELE302, ELE401, ELE504...etc</p> <p>all Biomedical, Electrical and Computer student need to know the basic RC and RL. Don't give yourself any excuse, just shut up and study it.</p> <p>Good luck !</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;<a href="http://www.kevkevworld.net/EE/">[back to main page]</a></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <h3><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>EQUIPMENT KNOWLEDGE</strong></span></h3> <p><strong>1) Function Generator</strong></p> <p>&nbsp;- Frequency Knob (set the frequency)</p> <p>&nbsp;- Amplitude (set the Amplitude)</p> <p>&nbsp;- Sine, Square, Tri wave button</p> <p>&nbsp;<em>- OffSet Knob (make sure its push in, and you <span style="color: #ff0000;">DON'T NEED IT&nbsp;</span>for the lab test, its for DC off set)</em></p> <p><img src="http://www.kevkevworld.net/EE/blackbox/fg.jpg" alt="Function Generator" width="500" height="235" /></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>&nbsp;2) Oscillscope</strong></p> <p>&nbsp;- AutoScale (Rerrange the wave)</p> <p>&nbsp;- Measure &amp; Entry Knob (Phase, Peak to Peak, Peak, Frequency)</p> <p>&nbsp;- Vertical Position Knob (Centrialize the wave)</p> <p><img src="http://www.kevkevworld.net/EE/blackbox/key_botton.jpg" alt="Scope" width="500" height="259" /></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>3) Display Phase</strong></p> <p>- Press <span style="background-color: #33cccc;">Meas</span> under Measure</p> <p><img src="http://www.kevkevworld.net/EE/blackbox/choice.jpg" alt="Measure" width="473" height="267" /></p> <p>- Rotate the <span style="background-color: #33cccc;">Entry Knob</span>, until you see Phase</p> <p>- <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Push in</span> the Entry Knob</p> <p><img src="http://www.kevkevworld.net/EE/blackbox/choice2.jpg" alt="Measure" width="475" height="268" /></p> <p>- Phase angle should display on the bottom of the screen, make sure is <span style="background-color: #ccffff;">1- &gt;2</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>4) Remove Noise</strong></p> <p>Sometimes, the singal have very fuzzy noise, although it should't affect your result,</p> <p>but you can try the following to removed the noise.</p> <p><span style="color: #999999;"><em>(Special thanks to&nbsp;Nabila and&nbsp;Oluwatoni)</em></span></p> <p><img src="http://www.kevkevworld.net/EE/blackbox/removenoise.jpg" width="600" height="307" /></p> <p>&nbsp; 1- Press <span style="background-color: #00ccff;"> [Acquire]</span> (under --Horizontal--)</p> <p>&nbsp; 2 - Press <span style="background-color: #00ccff;">[Acu Mode]</span></p> <p>&nbsp; 3 - Rotate the <span style="background-color: #00ccff;">[Entry]</span>, until you see the option on the scope changed to [High Pass]</p> <p>&nbsp; 4 - Choice <span style="background-color: #00ccff;">[High Pass]</span> by <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Push In</span>&nbsp;the [Entry] Knob</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>5)&nbsp;Decade Resistor Box</strong></p> <p><img src="http://www.kevkevworld.net/EE/blackbox/dbox.jpg" alt="DBox" width="600" height="194" /></p> <p>a) There is two terminals (red colour) on the decade resistor box, no (+) (-) .</p> <p>b) Make sure you set the Decade to 20 ohm.</p> <p>c) You are <span style="color: #ff0000;"><strong>NOT</strong></span> using the <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Actual Ground</span> Terminal on the top-right of the box, so <span style="color: #ff0000;"><strong>DON'T PLUG IN ANYTHING</strong></span>.&nbsp; Thank you.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>6) Run and Stop</strong></p> <p>As you can see on the lab tutorial, the phase kept changing, so as the voltage p-to-p value on the scope.&nbsp;</p> <p>It might be hard to record down that value, so what you can do just Press the <span style="background-color: #33cccc;">RUN/STOP</span> button</p> <p>When its <span style="color: #ff0000;">STOP</span> the button turn to <span style="color: #ff0000;"><strong>RED</strong></span></p> <p><img src="http://www.kevkevworld.net/EE/blackbox/RunandStop.jpg" alt="RS" width="600" height="286" /></p> <p>Please remember to Press Run/Stop button again (it should turn back to&nbsp;<span style="color: #008000;"><strong>Green,</strong><span style="color: #000000;">&nbsp;running again</span></span>) after you finished recording.</p> <p>&nbsp;<a href="http://www.kevkevworld.net/EE/">[back to main page]</a></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <h2><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>QUIZ</strong></span></h2> <p>Want to try a <span style="background-color: #99ccff;">QUIZ</span> before the Lab Test?&nbsp;</p> <h4><span style="background-color: #999999; color: #000000;"><a style="background-color: #999999; color: #000000;" href="http://www.kevkevworld.net/EE/blackbox/quiz.html">Quick Quiz &lt;-- Click Here</a></span></h4> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><br /><br /></p> <h2><span style="text-decoration: underline; color: #ff0000;"><strong>Comments and Feedback:</strong></span></h2> <p>&nbsp;</p> <div class="fb-comments" data-href="http://www.kevkevworld.net/EE/blackbox/blackbox2019.html" data-numposts="10"></div> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>OLDER VERSION (Black Box Tutorial, 2013)</strong></span></p> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><a title="Black Box Tutorial - Old version (2013)" href="http://www.kevkevworld.net/EE/blackbox" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://www.kevkevworld.net/EE/blackbox</a></strong></span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <h2><span style="color: #993300;"><em>by. Kevin , Mar 2019</em></span></h2> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>Any Question, feel free to email me or messanger me.&nbsp; Thanks.</p> <p>Email: <a href="mailto:kevkev@kevkevworld.net">kevkev@kevkevworld.net</a></p> <p>FaceBook: Kevin Tang</p>