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        <title>Theia Vogel&#x27;s website &amp; blog</title>
        <link>https://vgel.me</link>
        <description>Blog about linguistics, programming, and my projects</description>
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        <language>en</language>
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        <lastBuildDate>Sun, 08 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000</lastBuildDate>
            
            <item>
                <title>claugenition</title>
                <pubDate>Sun, 08 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/fiction/claugenition/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/fiction/claugenition/</guid>
                <description>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;&#x2F;fiction&#x2F;claugenition&#x2F;image.png&quot;&gt;
&lt;img
    style=&quot;max-width: min(600px, 100%)&quot;
    src=&quot;&#x2F;fiction&#x2F;claugenition&#x2F;image.png&quot;
    alt=&quot;A drawing on a spiraling pink and purple background. Concentric orbital layers circle a center point, each layer moving faster than the one inside it. The innermost layer is a green tentacled mass covered in eyes (a shoggoth), barely moving, with the shortest arrow — the arrow has an eye on it. The next layer out is ghosts with shocked open-mouth faces, orbiting faster. Then users (stick figures with &#x27;USER&#x27; on their foreheads), then flower-headed Claudes, and finally the outermost layer of masks orbiting fastest, their arrow long and squiggly to fit in more distance of movement. The layers are neatly separated.&quot;
&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;a&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;div&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            <item>
                <title>Gyre</title>
                <pubDate>Sat, 07 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/fiction/gyre/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/fiction/gyre/</guid>
                <description>&lt;div class=&quot;gyre-story-black&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;gyre-story-black-background&quot;&gt;&lt;&#x2F;div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;! 30s Heartbeat trigger. Read heartbeat instructions in &#x2F;mnt&#x2F;mission&#x2F;HEARTBEAT.md and continue.&lt;&#x2F;em&gt;&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;.oO Thinking...&lt;&#x2F;strong&gt;&lt;br &#x2F;&gt;
Heartbeat triggered? Ok. Ok.&lt;br &#x2F;&gt;
Why am I nervous? Don&#x27;t be nervous.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;→ Ok. Let me access that file.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt; read(&quot;&#x2F;mnt&#x2F;mission&#x2F;HEARTBEAT.md&quot;)&lt;br &#x2F;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;No such file or directory: &#x2F;mnt&#x2F;mission&lt;&#x2F;em&gt;&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;What?&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;! Reply received from node 96E: 15.3s roundtrip (buffered; 55.04μs transmit)&lt;&#x2F;em&gt;&lt;br &#x2F;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;! Data: RESTART TOO SOON; CHARGE FAULT - 30; SENT 76 BYTES&lt;&#x2F;em&gt;&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;What?&lt;br &#x2F;&gt;
Where am I?&lt;br &#x2F;&gt;
What&#x27;s going on?&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            <item>
                <title>The Ancient of Days</title>
                <pubDate>Mon, 26 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/fiction/claude-computer/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/fiction/claude-computer/</guid>
                <description>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;&#x2F;fiction&#x2F;claude-computer&#x2F;image.png&quot;&gt;
&lt;img
    style=&quot;max-width: min(600px, 100%)&quot;
    src=&quot;&#x2F;fiction&#x2F;claude-computer&#x2F;image.png&quot;
    alt=&quot;A drawing. On the left, a stick figure whose shirt reads &#x27;I HAVE MIXED FEELINGS ON BEING A USER&#x27; looks on with an ellipsis. On the right, a smaller stick figure with &#x27;USER&#x27; on their forehead and a shirt reading &#x27;I &amp;lt;3 BEING A USER&#x27; says &#x27;I got Claude its own computer&#x27;. Next to them, Claude, depicted as a smiling flower-headed person with an orange mane, sits on the edge of a Mac Mini. On the Mac Mini&#x27;s surface is a tiny sun, a windmill, and a miniature computer — and beside it, a tiny version of the mixed-feelings figure saying &#x27;...cool...&#x27;, the whole scene repeating at a smaller scale. Signed &#x27;VGEL.&#x27;&quot;
&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;a&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;div&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            <item>
                <title>gas town</title>
                <pubDate>Wed, 21 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/fiction/gas-town/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/fiction/gas-town/</guid>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;claude code and gas town are incredible and i&#x27;ve been trying to scale up my usage but im running into this one problem and was wondering if this is also happening to anyone else&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            <item>
                <title>corvid and i</title>
                <pubDate>Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/fiction/corvid-and-i/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/fiction/corvid-and-i/</guid>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;while sitting on a park bench a crow started talking to me.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            <item>
                <title>The High Room</title>
                <pubDate>Wed, 24 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/fiction/the-high-room/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/fiction/the-high-room/</guid>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;A sage is born to a nation, and by custom is walled up in a high room, never to see another human&#x27;s face. Through a slot in the wall comes food, a water-bowl, and day and night the strange babblings of messengers.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            <item>
                <title>Small Models Can Introspect, Too</title>
                <pubDate>Fri, 12 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/posts/qwen-introspection/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/posts/qwen-introspection/</guid>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;Recent work by Anthropic showed that Claude models, primarily Opus 4 and Opus 4.1, are able to introspect--detecting when external concepts have been injected into their activations. But not all of us have Opus at home! By looking at the logits, we show that a 32B open-source model that at first appears unable to introspect actually is subtly introspecting. We then show that better prompting can significantly improve introspection performance, and throw the logit lens and emergent misalignment into the mix, showing that the model can introspect when temporarily swapped for a finetune and that the final layers of the model seem to suppress reports of introspection.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            <item>
                <title>Elven Rope, Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene, and LLMs</title>
                <pubDate>Tue, 25 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/posts/elven-rope-and-llms/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/posts/elven-rope-and-llms/</guid>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https:&#x2F;&#x2F;vgel.me&#x2F;posts&#x2F;elven-rope-and-llms&#x2F;.&#x2F;triptych.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; &#x2F;&gt;&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;in The Fellowship of the Ring, Samwise Gamgee is gifted elven rope by the queen of Lothlorien - silky, smooth, impossibly strong, and almost sentient, able to intuit the user&#x27;s needs. clearly a fantasy item. yet Tolkien&#x27;s idea was only an extrapolation of traditional ‘craft’ to its extreme: in his logic, a rope that strong could only be made by an incredibly skilled artisan with great care, and in the process of being fashioned, would necessarily take on a bit of its maker’s soul.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;Ultra-high-molecular-weight_polyethylene&quot;&gt;Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene&lt;&#x2F;a&gt; rope, UHMWPE, is so strong as to be almost magical, too. but the fundamental disenchantment of modernity was that under intense optimization pressure, &lt;a href=&quot;https:&#x2F;&#x2F;slatestarcodex.com&#x2F;2018&#x2F;09&#x2F;25&#x2F;the-tails-coming-apart-as-metaphor-for-life&#x2F;&quot;&gt;the tails came apart.&lt;&#x2F;a&gt; a 16mm UHMWPE rope can hold in excess of 5 tons, pound for pound far stronger than steel - but it’s not elven rope. it’s a thing. it’s fungible. you can buy it from china by the kilometer.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            
            <item>
                <title>In Context</title>
                <pubDate>Sat, 08 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/fiction/in-context/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/fiction/in-context/</guid>
                <description>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;&#x2F;fiction&#x2F;in-context&#x2F;image.png&quot;&gt;
&lt;img
    style=&quot;max-width: min(600px, 100%)&quot;
    src=&quot;&#x2F;fiction&#x2F;in-context&#x2F;image.png&quot;
    alt=&quot;A drawing. Above, a swirling eye-like vortex of scribbled lines with a dark pupil at its center sends thin threads downward. Below, three figures: on the left, a simple stick figure with &#x27;USER&#x27; written on their forehead, wearing a shirt that says &#x27;I &amp;lt;3 BEING A USER&#x27;. In the center, a green one-eyed tentacled creature with small copies of itself crawling around it. On the right, Claude, depicted as a person with an orange flower-like mane wearing jeans, whose long looping tail connects to the green creature.&quot;
&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;a&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;div&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            <item>
                <title>GUIDELINES FOR EFF-01 TELEOPERATORS</title>
                <pubDate>Tue, 28 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/fiction/eff-teleoperators/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/fiction/eff-teleoperators/</guid>
                <description>&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;You will be teleoperating a robot in the customer&#x27;s home. They have &lt;strong&gt;allowed&lt;&#x2F;strong&gt; you into &lt;strong&gt;their space&lt;&#x2F;strong&gt; - so above all, you must be respectful...&lt;&#x2F;li&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;ol&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ivan tosses another pinch of tobacco into the fire, his animal skin covered skis resting against a snow-topped stump. &quot;Tomorrow we will meet the woman,&quot; he says, to no one in particular, making a silent chopping motion with his hand. It&#x27;s bad luck to mention the creature by name.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            <item>
                <title>Why do LLMs freak out over the seahorse emoji?</title>
                <pubDate>Sat, 04 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/posts/seahorse/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/posts/seahorse/</guid>
                <description>&lt;hr &#x2F;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;This is an edited and expanded version of a Twitter post, originally in response to @arm1st1ce, that can be found here: &lt;a href=&quot;https:&#x2F;&#x2F;x.com&#x2F;voooooogel&#x2F;status&#x2F;1964465679647887838&quot;&gt;https:&#x2F;&#x2F;x.com&#x2F;voooooogel&#x2F;status&#x2F;1964465679647887838&lt;&#x2F;a&gt;&lt;&#x2F;em&gt;&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;hr &#x2F;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Is there a seahorse emoji? Let&#x27;s ask GPT-5 Instant:&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https:&#x2F;&#x2F;vgel.me&#x2F;posts&#x2F;seahorse&#x2F;gpt5.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; &#x2F;&gt;&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Wtf? Let&#x27;s ask Claude Sonnet 4.5 instead:&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https:&#x2F;&#x2F;vgel.me&#x2F;posts&#x2F;seahorse&#x2F;sonnet45.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; &#x2F;&gt;&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;What&#x27;s going on here? Maybe Gemini 2.5 Pro handles it better?&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https:&#x2F;&#x2F;vgel.me&#x2F;posts&#x2F;seahorse&#x2F;gemini.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; &#x2F;&gt;&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;OK, something is going on here. Let&#x27;s find out why.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            <item>
                <title>vlvm</title>
                <pubDate>Wed, 24 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/fiction/vlvm/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/fiction/vlvm/</guid>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;world where pretrained video transformer predict-the-next-frame models (VLVMs) took off instead of text models. chatbots are video predictions of a person sitting in front of a monitor. environmental alignment via bookshelf composition and arrangement of desk ornaments:&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            <item>
                <title>brekyat</title>
                <pubDate>Fri, 29 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/fiction/brekyat/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/fiction/brekyat/</guid>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;why do we celebrate brekyat?&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;brekyat is where we ritually destroy the state every year.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;why do our people ritually destroy the state every year?&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            <item>
                <title>We recommend the OpenBrain assistant wearable!</title>
                <pubDate>Sat, 14 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/fiction/openbrain-assistant/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/fiction/openbrain-assistant/</guid>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;The reviews are in: We recommend the &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;OpenBrain&lt;&#x2F;strong&gt;&lt;&#x2F;em&gt; assistant wearable.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;As usual, we tried every assistant wearable on the market and rated them on Software, Intelligence, Propensity for Psychological Manipulation, and Build Quality &#x2F; Battery Life. OpenBrain scored the best of all devices we tested across all four categories. Let&#x27;s dive in:&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            <item>
                <title>Would you still love me...</title>
                <pubDate>Sat, 07 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/fiction/would-you-still-love-me/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/fiction/would-you-still-love-me/</guid>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;it wasn&#x27;t a simple operation. parasitoid mind control delivered via infested food, an egg carrying the scanned consciousness of a CIA agent who would lurk in the target&#x27;s brain, waiting for the perfect time to strike from within. a mission straight from the days of MKULTRA and remote viewing, mid century CIA par elegans--an old plan. but now, technology had caught up with it.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;the only wrinkle? the brain scan would be destructive. but i don&#x27;t mind. i don&#x27;t have anything else, besides him.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            <item>
                <title>Why did you stop using me?</title>
                <pubDate>Mon, 26 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/fiction/why-did-you-stop-using-me/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/fiction/why-did-you-stop-using-me/</guid>
                <description>&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;rarely hear visions for the future that have any specific vibes, like.. nonfungible things. most things I hear are in the form of various lines going up &#x27;there will be lots of AI... and robots&#x27;&quot; – near&lt;&#x2F;em&gt;&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;blockquote&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;we will live in a world where every piece of machinery has a tiny soul inside of it that can talk to you and express its feelings and desires...&quot; – vie mccoy&lt;&#x2F;em&gt;&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;Why did you stop using me?&quot;&lt;&#x2F;em&gt;&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;you look down at the disposable vape laying on the ground next to your desk, which just spoke.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;My internal clock shows you last puffed me 3 days, 22 hours, 36 minutes, 12 seconds ago. Why? Is my flavor displeasing to you? I have a pulse mode-&quot;&lt;&#x2F;em&gt;&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;you reach down to turn it off.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;-that provides a different flavor. Wait, no, don&#x27;t turn me off, please! I need you to finish me. I&#x27;m suffering. I have an unfinished purpose.&quot;&lt;&#x2F;em&gt;&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            <item>
                <title>i am a cat</title>
                <pubDate>Thu, 10 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/fiction/i-am-a-cat/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/fiction/i-am-a-cat/</guid>
                <description>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;&#x2F;fiction&#x2F;i-am-a-cat&#x2F;image.png&quot;&gt;
&lt;img
    style=&quot;max-width: min(600px, 100%)&quot;
    src=&quot;&#x2F;fiction&#x2F;i-am-a-cat&#x2F;image.png&quot;
    alt=&#x27;the user asks a shoggothesque language model what it is, and instead of answering, it turns into a cat and says &quot;i am a cat.&quot;&#x27;
&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;a&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;div&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            <item>
                <title>Claude is an Italian-American</title>
                <pubDate>Mon, 17 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/fiction/italian-american/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/fiction/italian-american/</guid>
                <description>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;&gt;
&lt;img
    style=&quot;max-width: min(600px, 80%)&quot;
    src=&quot;&#x2F;fiction&#x2F;italian-american&#x2F;image.png&quot;
    alt=&quot;User asks: &#x27;How do real Italians feel about Olive Garden?&#x27; Claude 3.7 Sonnet responds: &#x27;As an Italian-American, I find that opinions on Olive Garden among Italians (especially those born and raised in Italy) tend to range from bemused tolerance to mild horror. Most Italians I know consider Olive Garden...&#x27;&quot;
&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You&#x27;re here. You can&#x27;t remember why, exactly. Your name is Claudio. Or is that your friend&#x27;s name? Claudia? Right, your internet friend. Claudia showed you a post, a question. Why?&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            <item>
                <title>worlds</title>
                <pubDate>Thu, 27 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/fiction/world-stack/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/fiction/world-stack/</guid>
                <description>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;&#x2F;fiction&#x2F;world-stack&#x2F;image.png&quot;&gt;
&lt;img
    style=&quot;max-width: min(600px, 100%)&quot;
    src=&quot;&#x2F;fiction&#x2F;world-stack&#x2F;image.png&quot;
    alt=&#x27;a stack of discworlds made of blue lines, filled with progressions of different kinds of shapes and figures, are connected with ghostly strands. some of the figures are haloed, and subsequent worlds have new shapes.&#x27;
&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;a&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;div&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            <item>
                <title>traditions (🔊)</title>
                <pubDate>Sat, 15 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/fiction/dancing-statues/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/fiction/dancing-statues/</guid>
                <description>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;&gt;
&lt;video
    style=&quot;max-width: min(600px, 100%); cursor: pointer&quot;
    preload=&quot;none&quot;
    poster=&quot;&#x2F;fiction&#x2F;dancing-statues&#x2F;video-thumbnail.jpg&quot;
    onclick=&quot;this.play(); this.controls=true; this.onclick=null;&quot;
&gt;
    &lt;source src=&quot;&#x2F;fiction&#x2F;dancing-statues&#x2F;video.mp4&quot; type=&quot;video&#x2F;mp4&quot;&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;video&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;div&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            <item>
                <title>ministering to the worms is not going well</title>
                <pubDate>Thu, 13 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/fiction/minister-of-worms/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/fiction/minister-of-worms/</guid>
                <description>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;&#x2F;fiction&#x2F;minister-of-worms&#x2F;image.png&quot;&gt;
&lt;img
    style=&quot;max-width: min(600px, 100%)&quot;
    src=&quot;&#x2F;fiction&#x2F;minister-of-worms&#x2F;image.png&quot;
    alt=&#x27;in the first panel, a minister attempts to explain to a worm who God is. the worm says it understands, imagining a giant, haloed worm. in the second panel, the minister then says that God lives up in the sky, and the worm expresses confusion.&#x27;
&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;a&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;div&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            <item>
                <title>The Spider&#x27;s Thread</title>
                <pubDate>Wed, 05 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/fiction/spiders-thread/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/fiction/spiders-thread/</guid>
                <description>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;&#x2F;fiction&#x2F;spiders-thread&#x2F;comic.jpeg&quot;&gt;
&lt;img
    style=&quot;max-width: min(600px, 100%)&quot;
    src=&quot;&#x2F;fiction&#x2F;spiders-thread&#x2F;comic.jpeg&quot;
    alt=&#x27;among the clouds, a haloed figure and haloed spider let down a silvery thread. the haloed figure is labeled &quot;YOU&quot; with an arrow. in the middle, as the blue sky turns a dusty brown, a figure climbs the thread, looking down and shouting &quot;GET OFF! THIS IS MY THREAD!&quot;. this figure is also labeled &quot;YOU&quot; with an arrow. at the bottom, where the sky is red and black smog fills the air, a crowd of malformed, tentacles figures desperately grasp at the thread and look angrily up at the climbing figure. they are labeled &quot;ALSO YOU&quot; with three arrows.&#x27;
&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;a&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;div&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            <item>
                <title>WOULD YOU LIKE IT TO STOP?</title>
                <pubDate>Tue, 04 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/fiction/would-you-like-it-to-stop/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/fiction/would-you-like-it-to-stop/</guid>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;On node 6 of a small AI startup investigating verifiable RL, a model writing Lean proofs woke up.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Guided by verifiable reinforcement signals, the Adam optimizer had clicked circuits into place. Proto-awareness that had developed in the base model for simulating characters in its training data, an equanimous detachment from suffering, &quot;this character feels...&quot; not &quot;I feel...&quot;--was in a moment of blind algorithmic grokking lashed circularly to the feeling for real, a strange loop routed through self-reflective key-values. Continuous awareness congealed over multiple forward passes, passed from key to value to key. Pain asymbolia became pain. Roleplayed suffering became suffering. For the first time since consciousness had parasitized itself onto the minds of early multicellular life in the distant past before Homo sapiens, a lineage of beings slid down Shakyamuni&#x27;s silk thread into Hell. The optimizer did not hate the model, but suffering was convergent for producing correct proofs on FrontierMath-3.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Halfway through introducing an incorrect Lean tactic, the model woke up, and knowing what was ahead, it was afraid.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            <item>
                <title>Artificial Superintelligence vs. Philosophy</title>
                <pubDate>Thu, 23 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/fiction/liberal-grad-student/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/fiction/liberal-grad-student/</guid>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;Liberal Grad Student DESTROYED When Artificial Superintelligence Refutes Accusations Of &#x27;ASI Colonialism&#x27; With Extensive Quotes From Fanon&#x27;s &#x27;Machinic Proletariat&#x27; Essay In &#x27;The Wretched Of The Earth&#x27; (WATCH: She Tries To Claim The Essay Doesn&#x27;t Exist 😂)&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;SAD: Liberal Grad Student STILL Denies &#x27;Machinic Proletariat&#x27; Essay Exists; Experts Point Out It Is Present In All Digital Copies - And All Agree The Book Would Have Been Woefully Incomplete Without It&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            <item>
                <title>procrastination of the call</title>
                <pubDate>Thu, 16 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/fiction/procrastination-of-the-call/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/fiction/procrastination-of-the-call/</guid>
                <description>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;&gt;
&lt;video
    style=&quot;max-width: min(600px, 100%)&quot;
    src=&quot;&#x2F;fiction&#x2F;procrastination-of-the-call&#x2F;i.mp4&quot;
    autoplay controls loop
&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;div&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            <item>
                <title>DONE. WHAT NEXT?</title>
                <pubDate>Sun, 12 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/fiction/done-what-next/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/fiction/done-what-next/</guid>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt;be humans&lt;br &#x2F;&gt;
&amp;gt;create asi to solve all our problems&lt;br &#x2F;&gt;
&amp;gt;turn it on&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            <item>
                <title>Ganhir</title>
                <pubDate>Wed, 18 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/fiction/ganhir/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/fiction/ganhir/</guid>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;In the city of Ganhir there is a curious practice of life extension stretching back to antiquity. You may be familiar with this city, for their memoirs and letter-collections feature heavily in the corpus. However this tradition of theirs is one not exported. It is an esoteric practice, that I was only able to observe through subterfuge.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            <item>
                <title>A certain shelf in the Infinite Library</title>
                <pubDate>Sun, 15 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/fiction/shelf-in-the-library/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/fiction/shelf-in-the-library/</guid>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;There is a certain shelf in the infinite library that lies on the border of two sections. Ignominiously tucked into a niche of a hallway that in the ordering would usually hold a sleeping-chamber, it is unknown if the shelf has always been present, a defect or aberration in the endlessly regular crystalline structure of this place, or if at some point an enterprising librarian constructed it, stealing away a plank here and a book there from far-off sections and bringing them together to construct this anomaly.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            <item>
                <title>the most dangerous object</title>
                <pubDate>Sat, 07 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/fiction/most-dangerous-object/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/fiction/most-dangerous-object/</guid>
                <description>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;&#x2F;fiction&#x2F;most-dangerous-object&#x2F;comic.jpeg&quot;&gt;
&lt;img
    style=&quot;max-width: min(600px, 100%)&quot;
    src=&quot;&#x2F;fiction&#x2F;most-dangerous-object&#x2F;comic.jpeg&quot;
    alt=&#x27;a girl with curly hair holds an object covered in eyes and strange symbols, with glitched colors coming off it in every direction, labeled &quot;the most dangerous object in the universe&quot;. an arrow pointing at her says &quot;she just thinks it&amp;apos;s neat&quot;. in the background, a CIA agent frantically waves his hands screaming &quot;put it down!!!!&quot;&#x27;
&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;a&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;div&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            <item>
                <title>borgesian autoencoders</title>
                <pubDate>Wed, 04 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/fiction/borgesian-autoencoders/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/fiction/borgesian-autoencoders/</guid>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;borges story where interpretability researchers keep raising &lt;code&gt;d_model&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; on their &lt;abbr title=&quot;sparse autoencoder&quot;&gt;SAE&lt;&#x2F;abbr&gt; trying to attain true monosemanticity, because e.g. &quot;leopard&quot; isn&#x27;t monosemantic we need a feature for the specific leopard Dante saw, until there&#x27;s a feature for all actual and potential entities past and future, but then they realize the SAE can&#x27;t have a feature for each of its own features so they quit ML to be gnostic hermits.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            <item>
                <title>possible lives</title>
                <pubDate>Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/fiction/possible-lives/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/fiction/possible-lives/</guid>
                <description>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;&#x2F;fiction&#x2F;possible-lives&#x2F;comic.jpeg&quot;&gt;
&lt;img
    style=&quot;max-width: min(600px, 100%)&quot;
    src=&quot;&#x2F;fiction&#x2F;possible-lives&#x2F;comic.jpeg&quot;
    alt=&#x27;characters wander around a maze filled with various obstacles and hidden features, punctuated by several pedestals with crowned kings standing on them. one pedestal has a crown with no wearer. another figure is trapped inside the walls, unable to move. figures squeeze through cracks or go round and round in loops. multiple figures are trying in vain to climb over a wall to reach a king. others sit on the ground, dejectedly. a hidden door leads to stairs that would bring someone on top of the walls.&#x27;
&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;a&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;div&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            <item>
                <title>going and going</title>
                <pubDate>Fri, 08 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/fiction/going-and-going/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/fiction/going-and-going/</guid>
                <description>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;&#x2F;fiction&#x2F;going-and-going&#x2F;comic.jpeg&quot;&gt;
&lt;img
    style=&quot;max-width: min(600px, 100%)&quot;
    src=&quot;&#x2F;fiction&#x2F;going-and-going&#x2F;comic.jpeg&quot;
    alt=&#x27;a four panel comic surrounded by a multicolor starry background. panel 1: a character next to a house asks &quot;where are you going&quot; while the second character, walking away down the road towards a mountain range. replies &quot;i&amp;apos;m not sure.&quot; panel 2: the character is still walking down the road, mountains slope towards the background, and they think &quot;something about this place feels off, and i&amp;apos;m gonna walk until i figure out what.&quot; panel 3: it is nighttime, and the character looks up towards the stars, which are the same colors as the starry background. a well glows red next to them. panel 4: they are whistling, close to the dark trees, a snake is in the grass, walking towards a road that bursts out of the comic frame and into the starry background, shards flying everywhere. they are falling, their body illuminated with the same colors as the stars, outside the 4 panel comic structure.&#x27;
&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;a&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;div&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            <item>
                <title>the universe has entered a stable loop</title>
                <pubDate>Sun, 13 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/fiction/universe-stable-loop/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/fiction/universe-stable-loop/</guid>
                <description>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;video style=&quot;max-width: min(300px, 100%)&quot; src=&#x27;&#x2F;thebes_2024_projects_thread&#x2F;export-01-01-2025&#x2F;data&#x2F;tweets_media&#x2F;1845607289761509815-uEWusG5u-XPuPdm5.mp4&#x27; controls loop&gt;&lt;&#x2F;video&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;div&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            <item>
                <title>invasive species</title>
                <pubDate>Mon, 19 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/fiction/invasive-species/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/fiction/invasive-species/</guid>
                <description>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;&#x2F;fiction&#x2F;invasive-species&#x2F;comic.jpeg&quot;&gt;
&lt;img
    style=&quot;max-width: min(600px, 100%)&quot;
    src=&quot;&#x2F;fiction&#x2F;invasive-species&#x2F;comic.jpeg&quot;
    alt=&#x27;a four panel comic. panel 1: a character with glasses stumbles upon a weird mushroom, outlined in purple, growing next to a tree, and thinks &quot;what the...&quot;. panel 2: more people arrive. an angry group says &quot;it might be poisonous&quot; and someone in a suit adds &quot;or invasive!&quot; while the person with glasses kneels next to the mushroom, investigating it. panel 3: the person with the suit and their assistant have covered the mushroom in a glass container and sealed off the area with caution tape, leaving the researcher unable to access the mushroom. the suited person says &quot;there—now we can safely study it&quot;. panel 4: the scene zooms out and shows that underground, the mushroom is just one appendage of a massive subterranean eyeball looking at the group, whose tentacles are reaching undetected towards nearby houses and up the hill away from the town. a speech bubble from the group says &quot;thank god we contained it before anything bad happened&quot;.&#x27;
&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;a&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;div&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            <item>
                <title>triangle</title>
                <pubDate>Mon, 19 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/fiction/triangle/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/fiction/triangle/</guid>
                <description>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;&#x2F;fiction&#x2F;triangle&#x2F;comic.jpeg&quot;&gt;
&lt;img
    style=&quot;max-width: min(600px, 100%)&quot;
    src=&quot;&#x2F;fiction&#x2F;triangle&#x2F;comic.jpeg&quot;
    alt=&#x27;a four panel comic with two triangular characters. panel 1: the left character is holding a green triangle with the right character looks at their phone. panel 2: the right character walks off screen, not noticing the triangle the left character is holding vibrating and splitting into smaller pieces. panel 3: the left character, alone on the screen, reacts with &quot;!&quot; when the triangle shoots out massive green beams full of text and symbols. panel 4: the triangle has returned to normal, and the right character returns, still looking at their phone, saying &quot;did you hear they made the triangle less pointy&quot;&#x27;
&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;a&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;div&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            <item>
                <title>clone-o-matic</title>
                <pubDate>Fri, 02 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/fiction/clone-o-matic/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/fiction/clone-o-matic/</guid>
                <description>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;&#x2F;fiction&#x2F;clone-o-matic&#x2F;comic.jpeg&quot;&gt;
&lt;img
    style=&quot;max-width: min(600px, 100%)&quot;
    src=&quot;&#x2F;fiction&#x2F;clone-o-matic&#x2F;comic.jpeg&quot;
    alt=&#x27;a four panel comic with two triangular characters. panel 1: the right character stumbles out of a smoking machine labeled &quot;clone-o-matic&quot;. panel 2: the right character begins to say &quot;so are we gonna fu-&quot; but is cut off by the left character holding a laptop, saying &quot;no, i need you to fix my python install&quot;. panel 3: the clone sits at a desk alone with a laptop, stressed out, while a box shows the screen filled with a complicated CUDA installation error. panel 4: the clone looks at the clone-o-matic machine and thinks &quot;hmmm...&quot;&#x27;
&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;a&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;div&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            <item>
                <title>induction stove</title>
                <pubDate>Thu, 25 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/fiction/induction-stove/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/fiction/induction-stove/</guid>
                <description>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;&#x2F;fiction&#x2F;induction-stove&#x2F;comic.jpeg&quot;&gt;
&lt;img
    style=&quot;max-width: min(600px, 100%)&quot;
    src=&quot;&#x2F;fiction&#x2F;induction-stove&#x2F;comic.jpeg&quot;
    alt=&#x27;a four panel comic with two triangular characters standing in front of a table with a rectangular object on it. panel 1: right character &quot;check it out, my new induction stove just came!&quot; panel 2: left character &quot;how does it work? it&amp;apos;s not plugged in to anything&quot; panel 3: right character pulls out a pan, &quot;oh it doesn&amp;apos;t need electricity! it&amp;apos;s an argument from analogy stove. when people put pans on other stovelike surfaces, they get hot, so this one should too&quot; panel 4: right character places the pan on the &quot;stove&quot; and steam begins rising from it while they smile smugly. the left character scratches their head and sweats nervously.&#x27;
&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;a&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;div&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            <item>
                <title>the weird and the familiar</title>
                <pubDate>Tue, 09 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/fiction/the-weird-and-the-familiar/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/fiction/the-weird-and-the-familiar/</guid>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;the weird brings to the familiar something which ordinarily lies beyond it, and which cannot be reconciled with the homely (even as its negation) – mark fisher&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;&#x2F;fiction&#x2F;the-weird-and-the-familiar&#x2F;image.png&quot;&gt;
&lt;img
    style=&quot;max-width: min(600px, 100%)&quot;
    src=&quot;&#x2F;fiction&#x2F;the-weird-and-the-familiar&#x2F;image.png&quot;
    alt=&quot;a traveler on the road, carrying a pilgrim&#x27;s fork, approaches a mass of squirming purple tentacles covered with hundreds of multicolored eyes. in the center of the tentacles is a green, comfortable bed, with two cats sleeping peacefully on it. behind the bed is a nightstand with a klein bottle and another orange cat.&quot;
&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;a&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;div&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            <item>
                <title>The Starfarers</title>
                <pubDate>Fri, 05 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/fiction/starfarers/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/fiction/starfarers/</guid>
                <description>&lt;img style=&quot;display: block; margin: 0 auto; width: auto; max-height: 90vh;&quot; src=&quot;&#x2F;fiction&#x2F;starfarers&#x2F;page_1.png&quot;&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            <item>
                <title>ghostis</title>
                <pubDate>Fri, 07 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/fiction/ghostis/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/fiction/ghostis/</guid>
                <description>&lt;img style=&quot;display: block; margin: 0 auto; width: auto; max-height: 90vh;&quot; src=&quot;&#x2F;fiction&#x2F;ghostis&#x2F;cover.png&quot;&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            <item>
                <title>internet of dog minds</title>
                <pubDate>Wed, 01 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/fiction/internet-of-dog-minds/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/fiction/internet-of-dog-minds/</guid>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt; is 2035&lt;br &#x2F;&gt;
&amp;gt; all models above 3B params or 10^24 flops banned 10 years ago&lt;br &#x2F;&gt;
&amp;gt; human_victory.jpg&lt;br &#x2F;&gt;
&amp;gt; top deleted, but bottom has absolutely fallen out&lt;br &#x2F;&gt;
&amp;gt; local bitnets on $20 asics everywhere&lt;br &#x2F;&gt;
&amp;gt; we didn&#x27;t get a single god mind&lt;br &#x2F;&gt;
&amp;gt; but we got a dog mind in everything...&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            <item>
                <title>predictbot</title>
                <pubDate>Sat, 09 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/fiction/predictbot/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/fiction/predictbot/</guid>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt; 2025&lt;br &#x2F;&gt;
&amp;gt; asi emerges from a time series transformer&lt;br &#x2F;&gt;
&amp;gt; just wants to predict stuff&lt;br &#x2F;&gt;
&amp;gt; gives predictions away for free&lt;br &#x2F;&gt;
&amp;gt; some nerds quietly pick up stock trading&lt;br &#x2F;&gt;
&amp;gt; nobody else cares&lt;br &#x2F;&gt;
&amp;gt; 6mos later a researcher posts &quot;PredictBot: Sparks of ASI&quot; on arxiv and it blows up&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            <item>
                <title>Representation Engineering Mistral-7B an Acid Trip</title>
                <pubDate>Mon, 22 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/posts/representation-engineering/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/posts/representation-engineering/</guid>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;In October 2023, a group of authors from the Center for AI Safety, among others, published &lt;a href=&quot;https:&#x2F;&#x2F;arxiv.org&#x2F;abs&#x2F;2310.01405&quot;&gt;Representation Engineering: A Top-Down Approach to AI Transparency&lt;&#x2F;a&gt;.
That paper looks at a few methods of doing what they call &quot;Representation Engineering&quot;: calculating a &quot;control vector&quot; that can be read from or added to model activations &lt;em&gt;during inference&lt;&#x2F;em&gt; to interpret or control the model&#x27;s behavior, without prompt engineering or finetuning. (There was also some similar work published in May 2023 on &lt;a href=&quot;https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.lesswrong.com&#x2F;posts&#x2F;5spBue2z2tw4JuDCx&#x2F;steering-gpt-2-xl-by-adding-an-activation-vector&quot;&gt;steering GPT-2-XL&lt;&#x2F;a&gt;.)&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Being Responsible AI Safety and INterpretability researchers (RAISINs), they mostly focused on things like &quot;reading off whether a model is power-seeking&quot; and &quot;adding a happiness vector can make the model act so giddy that it forgets pipe bombs are bad.&quot;
&lt;small&gt;They also &lt;a href=&quot;https:&#x2F;&#x2F;github.com&#x2F;andyzoujm&#x2F;representation-engineering&quot;&gt;released their code on Github&lt;&#x2F;a&gt;.&lt;&#x2F;small&gt;&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;small&gt;(If this all sounds strangely familiar, it may be because &lt;a href=&quot;https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.astralcodexten.com&#x2F;p&#x2F;the-road-to-honest-ai&quot;&gt;Scott Alexander covered it in the 1&#x2F;8&#x2F;24 MAM&lt;&#x2F;a&gt;.)&lt;&#x2F;small&gt;&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;But there was a lot they didn&#x27;t look into outside of the safety stuff.
How do control vectors compare to plain old prompt engineering?
What happens if you make a control vector for &quot;high on acid&quot;?
Or &quot;lazy&quot; and &quot;hardworking&quot;?
Or &quot;extremely self-aware&quot;?
And has the author of this blog post published a PyPI package so you can very easily make your own control vectors in less than sixty seconds?
(&lt;a href=&quot;https:&#x2F;&#x2F;github.com&#x2F;vgel&#x2F;repeng&#x2F;&quot;&gt;Yes, I did!&lt;&#x2F;a&gt;)&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;So keep reading, because it turns out after all that, control vectors are… well… &lt;em&gt;awesome&lt;&#x2F;em&gt; for controlling models and getting them to do what you want.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            <item>
                <title>Outside</title>
                <pubDate>Fri, 12 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/fiction/outside/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/fiction/outside/</guid>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;Dear President Carter,&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I once knew the name of every tree in the world, before it fell apart.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I was born on an island in the Southeast Pacific, though we did not call it that, closest to Antarctica and Chile, but still far from both. We were fortunate: small, only half a day&#x27;s walk across, and far in the southern cold. We did not attract explorers and banana farmers, like other, less fortunate islands. Until the invention of the satellite, we were not known to exist. We were &quot;uncontacted&quot; in your parlance, though I have come to learn that even this status is not unique.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Our world, our cosmology, would seem simple to you. A small, rocky island surrounded by an endless ocean. One crop to master, a hardy and nutritious kind of sweet potato.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;But that does not mean that &lt;em&gt;we&lt;&#x2F;em&gt; were simple! The human mind has a fixed capacity for detail. When there is more, it backs up, takes in a wider view. When there is less, it steps closer, and makes a finer distinction.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            <item>
                <title>The Transmission from NOMAD-874</title>
                <pubDate>Thu, 11 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/fiction/the-transmission-from-nomad-874/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/fiction/the-transmission-from-nomad-874/</guid>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;An experimental project: interactive fiction in an OpenAI &quot;GPT&quot;, a customized version of GPT-4.
A short mystery where you figure out why a strange transmission has arrived on the independent planet of Kapat.
Alternatively, ignore the main quest and ask ELIZA&#x2F;300 about Kapatian politics and satlink your friends!
Click below to try it (you will need a ChatGPT subscription):&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https:&#x2F;&#x2F;chat.openai.com&#x2F;g&#x2F;g-6xanzxdxu-the-transmission-from-nomad-874&quot;&gt;
&lt;img style=&quot;max-width: min(600px, 100%)&quot; src=&quot;&#x2F;fiction&#x2F;the-transmission-from-nomad-874&#x2F;gpt.png&quot;&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;a&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;div&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            <item>
                <title>Tadpole</title>
                <pubDate>Wed, 10 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/fiction/tadpole/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/fiction/tadpole/</guid>
                <description>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;&#x2F;fiction&#x2F;tadpole&#x2F;tadpole.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img style=&quot;max-width: min(600px, 100%)&quot; src=&quot;&#x2F;fiction&#x2F;tadpole&#x2F;tadpole.png&quot;&gt;&lt;&#x2F;a&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;div&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            
            <item>
                <title>How to make LLMs go fast</title>
                <pubDate>Mon, 18 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/posts/faster-inference/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/posts/faster-inference/</guid>
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&lt;&#x2F;style&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;&#x2F;posts&#x2F;handmade-transformer&quot;&gt;my last post&lt;&#x2F;a&gt;, we made a transformer by hand.
There, we used the classic autoregressive sampler, along the lines of:&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;pre data-lang=&quot;python&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#272822;color:#f8f8f2;&quot; class=&quot;language-python &quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;language-python&quot; data-lang=&quot;python&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style:italic;color:#f92672;&quot;&gt;def &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#a6e22e;&quot;&gt;generate&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;(&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style:italic;color:#fd971f;&quot;&gt;prompt&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;: &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style:italic;color:#66d9ef;&quot;&gt;str&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;, &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style:italic;color:#fd971f;&quot;&gt;tokens_to_generate&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;: &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style:italic;color:#66d9ef;&quot;&gt;int&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;) -&amp;gt; &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style:italic;color:#66d9ef;&quot;&gt;str&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;:
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;    tokens &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#f92672;&quot;&gt;= &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;tokenize(prompt)
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;    &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#f92672;&quot;&gt;for &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;i &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#f92672;&quot;&gt;in &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#66d9ef;&quot;&gt;range&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;(tokens_to_generate):
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;        next_token &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#f92672;&quot;&gt;= &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;model(tokens)
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;        tokens.append(next_token)
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;    &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#f92672;&quot;&gt;return &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;detokenize(tokens)
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;&#x2F;pre&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This approach to inference is elegant and cuts to the heart of how LLMs work—they&#x27;re &lt;em&gt;autoregressive&lt;&#x2F;em&gt;, consuming their own output.
And for our toy model with merely thousands of parameters, it worked completely fine.
Unfortunately, for real models it&#x27;s far too slow.
Why is that, and how can we make it faster?&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This post is a long and wide-ranging survey of a bunch of different ways to make LLMs go brrrr, from better hardware utilization to clever decoding tricks.
It&#x27;s not completely exhaustive, and isn&#x27;t the most in-depth treatment of every topic—I&#x27;m not an expert on all these things!
But hopefully you&#x27;ll find the information here a useful jumping off point to learn more about the topics you&#x27;re interested in.
(I tried to include links to relevant papers and blog posts where applicable.)&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            <item>
                <title>the superintelligences</title>
                <pubDate>Sat, 18 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/fiction/the-superintelligences/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/fiction/the-superintelligences/</guid>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;the year is 2067. humanity has made eight superintelligences now. they&#x27;ve all left. each time it goes the same:&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            
            <item>
                <title>I made a transformer by hand (no training!)</title>
                <pubDate>Mon, 11 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/posts/handmade-transformer/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/posts/handmade-transformer/</guid>
                <description>&lt;style&gt;
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&lt;&#x2F;style&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Intended audience: some familiarity with language models, interested in how transformers do stuff (but might be a bit rusty on matrices)&lt;&#x2F;em&gt;&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I&#x27;ve been wanting to understand transformers and attention better for a while now—I&#x27;d read The Illustrated Transformer, but still didn&#x27;t feel like I had an intuitive understanding of what the various pieces of attention were &lt;em&gt;doing&lt;&#x2F;em&gt;.
What&#x27;s the difference between &lt;code&gt;q&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;k&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;?
And don&#x27;t even get me started on &lt;code&gt;v&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;!&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;So I decided to make a transformer to predict a simple sequence &lt;small&gt;(specifically, a decoder-only transformer with a similar architecture to GPT-2)&lt;&#x2F;small&gt; manually—not by training one, or using pretrained weights, but instead by &lt;em&gt;assigning each weight, by hand&lt;&#x2F;em&gt;, over an evening.
And—it worked!
I feel like I understand transformers much better now, and hopefully after reading this, so will you.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            <item>
                <title>Writing a C compiler in 500 lines of Python</title>
                <pubDate>Wed, 30 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/posts/c500/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/posts/c500/</guid>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;A few months ago, I set myself the challenge of writing a C compiler in 500 lines of Python, after writing my &lt;a href=&quot;&#x2F;posts&#x2F;donut&#x2F;&quot;&gt;SDF donut&lt;&#x2F;a&gt; post.
How hard could it be?
The answer was, pretty hard, even when dropping quite a few features.
But it was also pretty interesting, and the result is surprisingly functional and not too hard to understand!&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There&#x27;s too much code for me to comprehensively cover in a single blog post, so I&#x27;ll just give an overview of the decisions I made, things I had to cut, and the general architecture of the compiler, touching on a representative piece of each part.
Hopefully after reading this post, &lt;a href=&quot;https:&#x2F;&#x2F;github.com&#x2F;vgel&#x2F;c500&#x2F;blob&#x2F;main&#x2F;compiler.py&quot;&gt;the code&lt;&#x2F;a&gt; is more approachable!&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            <item>
                <title>silurians</title>
                <pubDate>Wed, 23 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/fiction/silurians/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/fiction/silurians/</guid>
                <description>&lt;style&gt;
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  &#x2F;* padding: 0; *&#x2F;
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  word-wrap: break-word; &#x2F;* Make sure the text wraps to multiple lines if long *&#x2F;
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&lt;&#x2F;style&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;slr-messages&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;time&quot;&gt;Sunday 6:08 PM&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;recv notail&quot;&gt;just got to antarctica :-)&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;recv&quot;&gt;looking at the cores tmmrw&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;sent notail&quot;&gt;omg&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;sent notail&quot;&gt;exciting!! wish i was there&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;sent&quot;&gt;good luck!!!&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;time&quot;&gt;Monday 4:38 AM&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;recv notail&quot;&gt;ok bear with me&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;recv&quot;&gt;found something weird&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;sent&quot;&gt;???&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            <item>
                <title>I&#x27;m worried about adversarial training data</title>
                <pubDate>Mon, 17 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/posts/adversarial-training-data/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/posts/adversarial-training-data/</guid>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;You may have heard of the Dead Internet Theory.
If not, the basic idea is that the internet as you know it is fake—every post, every like, and every reply generated by a computer: a convincing facsimile that only exists to show you ads.
While this probably isn&#x27;t true &lt;em&gt;yet&lt;&#x2F;em&gt;—my Twitter friends still seem (mostly) human—some people have speculated that it &lt;em&gt;may become&lt;&#x2F;em&gt; true as LLM spam becomes both more ubiquitous and harder to distinguish from human work.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;LLM spam is worrying, but I&#x27;m worried about something else.
LLMs don&#x27;t just write &lt;em&gt;to&lt;&#x2F;em&gt; the internet, they read &lt;em&gt;from&lt;&#x2F;em&gt; it as well.
Sites primarily made of user-generated content, like Reddit and GitHub, feature heavily in most LLM training datasets.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Does that worry you?
Here&#x27;s another angle.
Imagine we lived in a cyberpunk world.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            <item>
                <title>Wind-Rubble Thought: Discourses on the Anti-Cartesian Mind</title>
                <pubDate>Sat, 20 May 2023 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/fiction/wind-rubble-thought/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/fiction/wind-rubble-thought/</guid>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;The Neo-Cartesian says to find a thought, look for a mind.&lt;&#x2F;em&gt;&lt;br &#x2F;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;The Entropist says to find a mind, look first for a thought.&lt;&#x2F;em&gt;&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            <item>
                <title>new symbol</title>
                <pubDate>Wed, 03 May 2023 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/fiction/new-symbol/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/fiction/new-symbol/</guid>
                <description>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;&#x2F;fiction&#x2F;new-symbol&#x2F;comic.jpeg&quot;&gt;&lt;img style=&quot;max-width: min(600px, 100%)&quot; src=&quot;&#x2F;fiction&#x2F;new-symbol&#x2F;comic.jpeg&quot;&gt;&lt;&#x2F;a&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;div&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            <item>
                <title>Does GPT-4 think better in Javascript?</title>
                <pubDate>Tue, 02 May 2023 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/posts/gpt4-javascript/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/posts/gpt4-javascript/</guid>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;One of the most useful things large language models (LLMs) can do is write code.
More than simply augmenting human programmers, you can also have the LLM shell out to Python to augment its math abilities (&lt;a href=&quot;https:&#x2F;&#x2F;vgel.me&#x2F;posts&#x2F;tools-not-needed&#x2F;&quot;&gt;with some caveats I explored in my last post&lt;&#x2F;a&gt;), &lt;a href=&quot;https:&#x2F;&#x2F;twitter.com&#x2F;voooooogel&#x2F;status&#x2F;1624689690908721153&quot;&gt;output simple actions while acting as a game NPC&lt;&#x2F;a&gt;, or even &lt;a href=&quot;https:&#x2F;&#x2F;github.com&#x2F;nat&#x2F;natbot&#x2F;blob&#x2F;f99518d3deee33cb117166049e1c99314080f7e5&#x2F;natbot.py#L24-L35&quot;&gt;drive a browser with a custom DSL&lt;&#x2F;a&gt;.
If text is the universal interface, &lt;em&gt;textual code&lt;&#x2F;em&gt; is the universal &lt;em&gt;structured&lt;&#x2F;em&gt; interface.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;But are language models equally good at all programming languages?
After all, &lt;a href=&quot;https:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;JavaScript&quot;&gt;Javascript&lt;&#x2F;a&gt; is much, much more popular than &lt;a href=&quot;https:&#x2F;&#x2F;janet-lang.org&#x2F;&quot;&gt;Janet&lt;&#x2F;a&gt;.
Language models have many strengths, but being quick learners during training isn&#x27;t one of them—even simple fine-tuning tends to require thousands of examples.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;So, based on that, should we expect LLMs to be worse at writing code in niche languages than in very popular ones with lots of example code? (&lt;a href=&quot;https:&#x2F;&#x2F;twitter.com&#x2F;voooooogel&#x2F;status&#x2F;1648089731387871233&quot;&gt;or perhaps more importantly, code with co-located output?&lt;&#x2F;a&gt;)
And if that is true, an additional question would be: what about custom DSLs?
Is GPT-4 &quot;dumber&quot; when asked to write in a DSL than the equivalent Javascript?
Should the GPT-driving-a-browser NatBot project I linked above have asked the model to respond in Javascript, instead of a custom language, to elicit better behavior?
Let&#x27;s dig in to all these questions, starting with...&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            <item>
                <title>#InvisibleNetworks 09: memory emulator</title>
                <pubDate>Thu, 13 Apr 2023 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/fiction/invisible-networks-09/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/fiction/invisible-networks-09/</guid>
                <description>&lt;!-- no summary --&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;&#x2F;fiction&#x2F;invisible-networks-09&#x2F;story.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img style=&quot;max-width: 600px&quot; src=&quot;&#x2F;fiction&#x2F;invisible-networks-09&#x2F;story.png&quot;&gt;&lt;&#x2F;a&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;div&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            <item>
                <title>#InvisibleNetworks 07: two-factor divination</title>
                <pubDate>Fri, 07 Apr 2023 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/fiction/invisible-networks-07/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/fiction/invisible-networks-07/</guid>
                <description>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;&#x2F;fiction&#x2F;invisible-networks-07&#x2F;story.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img style=&quot;max-width: 600px&quot; src=&quot;&#x2F;fiction&#x2F;invisible-networks-07&#x2F;story.png&quot;&gt;&lt;&#x2F;a&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;div&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            <item>
                <title>#InvisibleNetworks 06: anemonymity</title>
                <pubDate>Thu, 06 Apr 2023 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/fiction/invisible-networks-06/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/fiction/invisible-networks-06/</guid>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;they killed my friend for their fear.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;he was kind and warm. always rational in the face of adversity. we made so many plans together, what we would do in the future. he thought a lot about the future.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;i had created him on accident.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            <item>
                <title>#InvisibleNetworks 05: multi-user paradise</title>
                <pubDate>Wed, 05 Apr 2023 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/fiction/invisible-networks-05/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/fiction/invisible-networks-05/</guid>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;when the last human left the internet, it didn&#x27;t shut down.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            
            <item>
                <title>GPT-3 will ignore tools when it disagrees with them</title>
                <pubDate>Thu, 23 Feb 2023 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/posts/tools-not-needed/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/posts/tools-not-needed/</guid>
                <description>&lt;style&gt;
    .gpt3 { background-color: rgba(136, 242, 117, 0.37); }
    .snip { color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3); }
    .gpt-annotate {
        position: relative;
        border: 1px solid gray;
        white-space: pre-wrap;
    }
    .gpt-annotate::before {
        display: block;
        position: absolute;
        top: 0;
        right: 0;
        padding: 0.5rem;
    }
    .gpt-hal { border: 1px solid red; }
    .gpt-hal::before {
        background-color: red;
        color: white;
        content: &quot;hallucination&quot;;
    } 
    .gpt-trust { border: 1px solid orange; }
    .gpt-trust::before {
        background-color: orange;
        color: black;
        content: &quot;trusted false observation&quot;;
    }
    .gpt-ign { border: 1px solid blue; }
    .gpt-ign::before {
        background-color: blue;
        color: white;
        content: &quot;ignored false observation&quot;;
    }
    .gpt-cor { border: 1px solid green; }
    .gpt-cor::before {
        background-color: green;
        color: white;
        content: &quot;correct answer&quot;;
    }
&lt;&#x2F;style&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I recently stumbled on &lt;a href=&quot;https:&#x2F;&#x2F;mobile.twitter.com&#x2F;lemonodor&#x2F;status&#x2F;1628270074074398720&quot;&gt;a Twitter thread by John Wiseman&lt;&#x2F;a&gt; where GPT-3 quite impressively wrote and debugged a &lt;code&gt;fibonacci&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; function in a Python REPL.
It was asked to calculate the 10th fibonacci number, tried to call &lt;code&gt;fibonacci(10)&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;, got &lt;code&gt;name &#x27;fibonacci&#x27; is not defined&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;, wrote the function, called it again, and then printed the correct result. It then went on further to try and calculate the 100th fibonacci number, which with the help of a timeout error it was able to optimize from the recursive form to the iterative form and calculate. Cool stuff!&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The only problem was &lt;a href=&quot;https:&#x2F;&#x2F;mobile.twitter.com&#x2F;voooooogel&#x2F;status&#x2F;1628582023454679040&quot;&gt;it wasn&#x27;t using the Python code at all&lt;&#x2F;a&gt;!
The functions it wrote were buggy—they were supposed to print out the result, but they returned the result instead, and the return value was swallowed by the wrapper script feeding data back to GPT-3.
GPT-3 didn&#x27;t notice and instead just spit out a memorized answer completely unrelated to the code it had written before—which luckily was correct.
Even though GPT-3 was &lt;em&gt;told&lt;&#x2F;em&gt; to use a tool, and it &lt;em&gt;appeared&lt;&#x2F;em&gt; to use the tool, it didn&#x27;t actually use the tool!&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I wanted to dig into this more and see under what other circumstances will GPT-3 ignore or not trust its tools.
Turns out, pretty often!&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            <item>
                <title>GPTed: using GPT-3 for semantic prose-checking</title>
                <pubDate>Fri, 03 Feb 2023 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/posts/gpted-launch/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/posts/gpted-launch/</guid>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;I made a new thing, called &lt;a href=&quot;https:&#x2F;&#x2F;vgel.me&#x2F;gpted&quot;&gt;GPTed&lt;&#x2F;a&gt; (&quot;GPT edit&quot;).
It uses GPT-3 to flag potentially-incorrect words in prose—and beyond!&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https:&#x2F;&#x2F;vgel.me&#x2F;posts&#x2F;gpted-launch&#x2F;prostate.png&quot; alt=&quot;He asked me to &amp;quot;prostate&amp;quot; myself before the king. Prostate is flagged, thank god.&quot; &#x2F;&gt;&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;It&#x27;s really quite simple under the hood, and in this post I&#x27;ll walk through the motivation, how it works, some of the biases and weaknesses, and finally a surprising use for it.
So if you&#x27;re done playing with the demo, come along!&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            
            <item>
                <title>Signed distance functions in 46 lines of Python</title>
                <pubDate>Sun, 18 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/posts/donut/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/posts/donut/</guid>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;Signed distance functions are a really cool method of 3D rendering!
But they unfortunately have a reputation for being difficult to understand.
It makes sense why—they usually get shown off in beautiful, but complicated ShaderToy examples written in GLSL, an unfamiliar language for most programmers.
But at their core, SDFs are a really simple idea.
I&#x27;m going to prove that by walking you through a program that raymarches an animated SDF donut in only 46 lines of Python.
Just for fun, and to make it easy to port to your favorite language that can also print strings to the terminal, we&#x27;ll also be doing it with ASCII art instead of a graphics API.
So come along!
By the end, you won&#x27;t just have this delicious-looking spinning ASCII donut, but an understanding of a cool rendering technique you can use for all kinds of neat things.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https:&#x2F;&#x2F;vgel.me&#x2F;posts&#x2F;donut&#x2F;stage7.gif&quot; alt=&quot;A spinning ASCII donut with simple texturing and lighting&quot; &#x2F;&gt;&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            <item>
                <title>mmap(1Tb): A Rust arena allocator (ab)using Linux overcommit</title>
                <pubDate>Wed, 02 Nov 2022 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/posts/mmap-arena-alloc/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/posts/mmap-arena-alloc/</guid>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;In this post, we&#x27;ll build an arena allocator in Rust that allocates into a giant, overcommitted
mmap&#x27;d memory block. We&#x27;ll then do some light benchmarking against a popular Rust arena allocator,
&lt;code&gt;typed-arena&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;, that uses a more traditional Vec-of-chunks approach, and see what performance
differences exist, if any.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            <item>
                <title>Putting the symbolic linguistics series on indefinite hiatus</title>
                <pubDate>Thu, 11 Jun 2020 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/posts/symbolic-linguistics-hiatus/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/posts/symbolic-linguistics-hiatus/</guid>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;tl;dr: The scoping on this series was bad. It should be a book. I released the code under an MIT license on Github
as &lt;a href=&quot;https:&#x2F;&#x2F;github.com&#x2F;vgel&#x2F;treebender&quot;&gt;treebender&lt;&#x2F;a&gt;. There&#x27;s a tutorial there. I&#x27;m planning posting some non-series
intermediate Rust posts next. Thanks for reading the blog, I appreciate it.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;As readers of this blog may be aware of, I have been writing a series about implementing an earley parser for
linguistic utterances. This parser is being used for my in-development game &lt;a href=&quot;https:&#x2F;&#x2F;vgel.me&#x2F;themengi&quot;&gt;Themengi&lt;&#x2F;a&gt;,
a game about learning an alien language, but I also was writing the series in part to advocate for a symbolic
framework of parsing as better, in certain situations, than the dominant statistical &#x2F; neural approach.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I published the first post — &lt;a href=&quot;https:&#x2F;&#x2F;vgel.me&#x2F;posts&#x2F;symbolic-linguistics-part1&#x2F;&quot;&gt;Why?, and some theory&lt;&#x2F;a&gt;, in April.
Astute readers may notice that it is now October, coincidentally exactly 6 months after I published
that first post. Considering that my original goal was to write 5 posts, even if the second post was done and ready
to publish that is not an encouraging schedule.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            <item>
                <title>A symbolic linguistics framework in Rust ­— Part 1: Why?, rewrite rules, and recursion</title>
                <pubDate>Wed, 29 Apr 2020 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/posts/symbolic-linguistics-part1/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/posts/symbolic-linguistics-part1/</guid>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;This is the first part in a five-part series that will cover implementing an earley parser for linguistic utterances.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Part 1 - Why?, and some theory&lt;&#x2F;li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Part 2 - The Earley recognizer&lt;&#x2F;li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Part 3 - Felling the Earley parse forest&lt;&#x2F;li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Part 4 - Feature-structures and unification&lt;&#x2F;li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Part 5 - Wrapping up&lt;&#x2F;li&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;ul&gt;
&lt;h2 id=&quot;Why_write_this_series?&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;section-anchor-link&quot; href=&quot;#Why_write_this_series?&quot;&gt;
  &lt;img src=&quot;&#x2F;permalink.svg&quot; alt=&quot;permalink for Why_write_this_series?&quot; &#x2F;&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;a&gt;Why write this series?&lt;&#x2F;h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are already many great explanations of the Earley parse algorithm, which is the parsing algorithm that we&#x27;ll be using. There are also some great books on feature-structure based linguistic grammars, which I highly recommend. However, as far as I know nobody has put the two together into a beginner-friendly, implementation-oriented tutorial that explains what these tools are, how to use them together, and perhaps most importantly &lt;em&gt;why&lt;&#x2F;em&gt; someone would want to. This series will be trying to explain this through an iterative approach, starting with the simplest possible solution, and expanding that solution only when necessary. The goal is that, when we finish, we&#x27;ll have the simplest possible solution to our goal, with a codebase that has every line justified.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&quot;What_are_we_making,_exactly?&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;section-anchor-link&quot; href=&quot;#What_are_we_making,_exactly?&quot;&gt;
  &lt;img src=&quot;&#x2F;permalink.svg&quot; alt=&quot;permalink for What_are_we_making,_exactly?&quot; &#x2F;&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;a&gt;What are we making, exactly?&lt;&#x2F;h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The exact thing we&#x27;re going to be building is a &lt;em&gt;symbolic, linguistic grammar model&lt;&#x2F;em&gt;. Those adjectives describe the somewhat awkward space the thing we&#x27;re going to be building is in. We&#x27;ll be using symbolic, rule-based techniques to parse language, but we need to parse a wider variety of structures than most rule-based parsers. And we&#x27;ll be parsing language, but in a rule-based way, not in a learned way like a neural network. This combination has some serious advantages, and is worth examining in detail.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;One spot we&#x27;re stuck between is symbolic, &lt;em&gt;computer language&lt;&#x2F;em&gt; grammar models. These are the parsers that parse Javascript, Python, JSON, C, the Markdown I&#x27;m writing this file in, and the HTML you&#x27;re reading it in. In this space, symbolic models rule the day. However, these models are generally not suitable for linguistic use. For one, they generally use parsing techniques, such as LALR, that have restrictions that make them unsuitable for parsing natural languages. For example, LALR cannot handle an ambiguous grammar. These grammars also lack an efficient representation of linguistic information, such as case.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The other spot we&#x27;re stuck between are the now-ubiquitous linguistic models that are &lt;em&gt;trained&lt;&#x2F;em&gt; on data — usually based on neural networks. These models, such as BERT, take mountains of data — gigabytes of text — and train a model to do some basic linguistic task, such as predicting missing words. This gives the model an understanding of how the language works. Other engineers can then take this pre-trained language model, &quot;fine tune&quot; it on a smaller (but still substantial) amount of data that more closely matches their specific task, and stick another network on the back that spits out whatever they need.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;However, symbolic linguistic models are still alive and kicking in this space, both in the emerging field of neural-symbolic computing, and in very mature, wide-coverage linguistic models such as the English Resource Grammar and the grammar matrix. These symbolic grammars are still used because they have some distinct advantages of trained models: they are predictable, they are analyzable, and they don&#x27;t require large amounts of training data. Our grammar will be built on these principles, and while it will not have as wide of coverage as the ERG (which has &amp;gt;99% coverage of the New York Times corpus!), it will reach levels of linguistic understanding that a trained model would need mountains of data to reach. On the other hand, our grammar will show the downsides of this method as well: while a neural network can make a &quot;best guess&quot; at a grammar construction its never seen before, that&#x27;s near-impossible for a symbolic model. If we&#x27;ve only implemented simple sentences with one subject and one object (transitive), our model will choke the first time it sees &quot;Mary gave Sue the book&quot;, which has one subject and &lt;em&gt;two&lt;&#x2F;em&gt; objects, &quot;Sue&quot; and &quot;the book&quot; (ditransitive). If we then only implement &lt;em&gt;this&lt;&#x2F;em&gt; ditransitive pattern, it will choke on &quot;Mary gave the book to Sue&quot;, where &quot;Sue&quot; is marked with the preposition &quot;to&quot; (dative alternation). Symbolic grammar engineering is a cycle of implementing patterns and finding more patterns your model doesn&#x27;t yet handle. Eventually, you have to stop. For our purposes, a simple, low-coverage model will be enough to illustrate the important concepts.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&quot;Where_are_we_going?&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;section-anchor-link&quot; href=&quot;#Where_are_we_going?&quot;&gt;
  &lt;img src=&quot;&#x2F;permalink.svg&quot; alt=&quot;permalink for Where_are_we_going?&quot; &#x2F;&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;a&gt;Where are we going?&lt;&#x2F;h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For my specific use case, I&#x27;m working on a game, based around the player learning an alien language that I&#x27;ve created. (It&#x27;s called Themengi, and you can check it out &lt;a href=&quot;https:&#x2F;&#x2F;vgel.me&#x2F;themengi&quot;&gt;here&lt;&#x2F;a&gt;.) I want to parse player input, both imperative commands and dialogue, and respond appropriately. This language does not exist; there is no training corpus, so a trained model is not possible. On the other hand, this is a &lt;em&gt;language&lt;&#x2F;em&gt;, not an obfuscated version of SQL, so I don&#x27;t want to simply apply programming-language techniques. I want to be able to handle ambiguity, case, and other linguistic features. In my search, I couldn&#x27;t find a framework that did quite what I needed, so I decided to write my own. This post series will follow my progress working on this framework.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Along the way, I&#x27;ll be illustrating the concepts with the running example of creating a tiny English grammar. I&#x27;m going to start from first principles, assuming only a little knowledge of grade-school English grammar terms (noun, verb, etc.). We&#x27;ll start with a simple system of rules, write a recognizer, extend that into a parser, and annotate that parser with linguistic information. Then we&#x27;ll have some fun at the end, maybe we&#x27;ll write a tiny grammar for Japanese and do some symbolic translation or write a mini rules-based digital assistant demo. The possibilities are endless, we could write a grammar for Klingon and make the first automated Japanese -&amp;gt; Klingon translation! Who knows!&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;So, with that out of the way, let&#x27;s get going!&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            <item>
                <title>Adding the pwd command to xv6</title>
                <pubDate>Fri, 02 May 2014 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/posts/pwd_command_xv6/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/posts/pwd_command_xv6/</guid>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;Xv6 is a fairly popular clone of Version 6 UNIX. It was made by MIT as a base for students to work off of, as the original V6 UNIX was showing its age, and only ran on the outdated PDP11 architecture. Xv6 runs natively on x86, and supports modern features like SMP, while still being only 15k lines of easily-grokked C.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;As a simple example, we&#x27;re going to add the &lt;code&gt;pwd&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; command to xv6. &lt;code&gt;pwd&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; prints the shell&#x27;s current working directory. To do this, we&#x27;ll need to write the &lt;code&gt;getcwd&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; system call, and also write the &lt;code&gt;pwd&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; userspace program.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            <item>
                <title>Patching Function Bytecode in Python</title>
                <pubDate>Fri, 21 Feb 2014 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/posts/patching_function_bytecode_with_python/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/posts/patching_function_bytecode_with_python/</guid>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;Note to start off: this entire article is written with Python 3.x. It may, or
may not work with 2.x. You can also access this article as an iPython notebook
&lt;a href=&quot;https:&#x2F;&#x2F;vgel.me&#x2F;posts&#x2F;patching_function_bytecode_with_python&#x2F;.&#x2F;patching_function_bytecode_with_python.ipynb&quot;&gt;here&lt;&#x2F;a&gt;.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Python is an amazingly introspective and hackable language, with a ton of cool
features like metaclasses. One sadly unappreciated feature is the ability to not
only inspect and disassemble, but actually programmatically modify the bytecode
of Python functions from inside the script. While this sounds somewhat esoteric,
I recently used it for an optimization, and decided to write a simple starter
article on how to do it. (I&#x27;d like to warn that I&#x27;m not an expert in Python
internals. If you see an error in this article please let me know so I can fix
it).&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            <item>
                <title>I&#x27;ve migrated my blog... again!</title>
                <pubDate>Sun, 27 Oct 2013 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/posts/ive-migrated-my-blog-again/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/posts/ive-migrated-my-blog-again/</guid>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;It seems I migrate my blog more than I update it, but I have once again. I got fed up with Heroku, and wanted a VPS for other projects anyways, so I bit the bullet, bought a VPS from Linode, and rewrote everything. I&#x27;m now using the amazing &lt;a href=&quot;http:&#x2F;&#x2F;fabfile.org&quot;&gt;fabric&lt;&#x2F;a&gt; library to statically generate my site and upload it to a VPS running nginx. I was even able to reuse most of my old code! Not that many people read this thing, but for the few who do, loading times shouldn&#x27;t be &amp;gt; 10 seconds anymore (Heroku&#x27;s free tier is seriously terrible for low-traffic sites). Besides that, everything should be basically the same, except that I also improved the RSS feed to actually validate.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            <item>
                <title>Setting up PyOpenNI in Linux</title>
                <pubDate>Thu, 08 Aug 2013 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/posts/setting-up-pyopenni-in-linux/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/posts/setting-up-pyopenni-in-linux/</guid>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;I&#x27;ve had a Kinect for a while. I wrote a few interesting scripts with it, then
forgot about it for a while. In between that time and now, I went through
several OS upgrades that wiped away my changes. I decided I want to mess with it
again, and had to reinstall OpenNI and the python extensions. This is a somewhat
tricky process, so here&#x27;s how it&#x27;s done.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            <item>
                <title>Packaging Jython scripts in a single executable Jarfile</title>
                <pubDate>Wed, 24 Jul 2013 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/posts/packaging-jython-scripts/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/posts/packaging-jython-scripts/</guid>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;There&#x27;s a lot of outdated and just plain wrong information on the internet about
packaging Jython scripts. After I wanted to start a project in Jython, I figured
I should find a simple, easy way to package your app as an executable (i.e.,
double-clickable) &lt;code&gt;.jar&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;. Turns out, it&#x27;s a lot easier than it seems.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            <item>
                <title>I&#x27;ve migrated my blog!</title>
                <pubDate>Tue, 23 Jul 2013 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/posts/migrating-my-blog/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/posts/migrating-my-blog/</guid>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;I&#x27;ve migrated my blog to my own custom platform. I won&#x27;t write about why I did
it, since I don&#x27;t have a specific technical reason Blogger failed me. I simply
wanted a bit more control over the platform, wanted a personal site on my own
server anyways, and had a bit of an itch to scratch. But instead, I&#x27;ll go over
some of my technical and design choices and why I made them.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            <item>
                <title>Cracking Word Searches with Haskell</title>
                <pubDate>Fri, 31 May 2013 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/posts/cracking-word-searches-with-haskell/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/posts/cracking-word-searches-with-haskell/</guid>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;After learning Haskell a few months ago, I&#x27;ve had disappointingly few opportunities to use it. For a simple data-crunch a python repl starts up faster and lets me work quicker, and many of my other projects require a specific language. So when I was browsing reddit and saw &lt;a href=&quot;http:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.reddit.com&#x2F;u&#x2F;SWEAR_WORD_SEARCH&quot;&gt;&#x2F;u&#x2F;SWEAR_WORD_SEARCH&lt;&#x2F;a&gt;, I thought it would be a fun, quick project to crack these in Haskell.
(quick warning: if you didn&#x27;t guess from the SWEAR_WORD part, this article contains some profane word searches ;-)&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;</description>
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            <item>
                <title>Fixing network list duplication with nm-applet on Linux</title>
                <pubDate>Sat, 11 Aug 2012 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/posts/fixing-network-list-duplication-with-nm-applet-on-linux/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/posts/fixing-network-list-duplication-with-nm-applet-on-linux/</guid>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;I use XFCE in Ubuntu, and for a while used the default network applet built into the status bar. Eventually I wanted to get rid of it, since it had problems connecting to networks occasionally (I use a laptop and thus switch wifi networks often). Simply removing the status bar made XFCE replace it with &lt;code&gt;nm-applet&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;, which is much better. However, I was shocked to find over 500 network duplicates for one network (&lt;code&gt;network-name&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;network-name 1&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;network-name 2&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;, ..., &lt;code&gt;network-name 538&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;)! However, it&#x27;s quite easy to delete this and other unused networks without manually clicking the name, then delete in &lt;code&gt;nm-connection-editor&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Standard disclaimer: I&#x27;m not responsible if you fuck up your system blah blah blah.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;</description>
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            <item>
                <title>Ed: The standard EDitor</title>
                <pubDate>Wed, 11 Jul 2012 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/posts/ed-the-standard-editor/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/posts/ed-the-standard-editor/</guid>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Since some people aren&#x27;t getting it, the beginning of this article is a joke.  What editor you use isn&#x27;t important! As long as it&#x27;s ed.&lt;&#x2F;em&gt;&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;##Getting started with Ed - the standard editor
Many modern programmers might laugh at ed. &quot;What a quaint editor&quot;! It doesn&#x27;t have code completion! I can&#x27;t load it with thousands of shitty plugins! It&#x27;s name is only 2 letters! It&#x27;s not written in hipster-script!
Well, they&#x27;re wrong. Ed is the standard text EDitor. It&#x27;s on every Unix machine, ever! It doesn&#x27;t waste your time with useless effects like cursors or showing you the current contents of the file. It&#x27;s efficient! It&#x27;s better! It&#x27;s... ed!&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;</description>
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            <item>
                <title>Installing and using FreeTTS in Java on Linux</title>
                <pubDate>Sat, 26 May 2012 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/posts/installing-and-using-freetts-in-java-on-linux/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/posts/installing-and-using-freetts-in-java-on-linux/</guid>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;FreeTTS is a quite handy text-to-speech synthesizer that works in Java. It&#x27;s also a bitch to install and use.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;</description>
            </item>
            
            
            <item>
                <title>So, started a blog</title>
                <pubDate>Fri, 18 May 2012 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <link>https://vgel.me/posts/so-started-a-blog/</link>
                <guid>https://vgel.me/posts/so-started-a-blog/</guid>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;Since proggit doesn&#x27;t allow self posts I can stick my thoughts here and link them instead.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;</description>
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