Carbon (C)

General Properties

Symbol C
Atomic Number 6
Atomic Weight 12.0107
Isotopes
Group
14 (carbon family)
IVB (IUPAC), IVA (CAS)
Solid, Diamagnetic, Conductor, Stable, Natural, Nonmetal
Period 2
Block p

Physical Properties

Density 2.25 g/cm³
Atomic Volume 5.3 cm³/mol
Atomic Radius 0.91 Å
Covalent Radius 77 pm
Crust Abundance 0.18%
Crystal Structure Hexagonal
Color Black

Media

Planetary Bohr Model of Carbon (C)
Planetary Bohr Model of Carbon (C)
Lewis Dot Diagram of Carbon (C)

States

Melting Point 3,367 °C
Boiling Point 4,827 °C
Heat of Fusion --
Heat of Vaporization 715 kJ/mol

Energy

Electronegativity 2.6 (Pauling Scale)
Electron Affinity 153.9 kJ/mol
1st Ionization Energy 1,086.5 kJ/mol
2nd - 6th Ionization Energies
  1. 2,352.6 kJ/mol
  2. 4,620.5 kJ/mol
  3. 6,222.7 kJ/mol
  4. 37,831 kJ/mol
  5. 47,277 kJ/mol
Specific Heat Capacity 0.709 J/(g⋅K)
Thermal Conductivity 155 W/(m K)

Electrons & Oxidation

Oxidation States +4, -4
Electrons Per Shell 2 4
Electron Configuration [He] 2s2 2p2
1s2 2s2 2p2
Orbital Diagram
C - Carbon - Orbital Diagram - Electron Configuration

Nuclear

Radioactive No

Isotopes

Symbol Mass Number Relative Atomic Mass Isotopic Composition
8C 8 8.037675(25)
9C 9 9.0310367(23)
10C 10 10.0168532(4)
11C 11 11.0114336(10)
12C 12 12.0000000(0) 0.9893(8)
13C 13 13.0033548378(10) 0.0107(8)
14C 14 14.003241989(4)
15C 15 15.0105993(9)
16C 16 16.014701(4)
17C 17 17.022586(19)
18C 18 18.026760(30)
19C 19 19.03481(11)
20C 20 20.04032(26)
21C 21 21.04934(54)#
22C 22 22.05720(97)#
Mass Number
The sum of the number of protons and neutrons of an atomic nucleus. In other words, it's the sum of the number of nucleons in an atom.
Relative Atomic Mass
The ratio of the average mass per atom of an isotope to 1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 atom. Relative atomic mass is also known as atomic weight (symbol: Ar).
Standard Atomic Weight
C: [12.0096,12.0116]
Isotopic Composition1298.92%1298.92%131.08%131.08%
Description
Allotropic forms include diamonds and graphite. Sixth most abundant element in the universe.
Uses
For making steel, in filters, and many more uses. Radiocarbon dating uses the carbon-14 isotope to date old objects.
Sources
Made by burning organic compounds with insufficient oxygen.
Pronounciation (English)
KAR-ben

Translations

Afrikaans Koolstof
Aragonese Carbonio
Arabic كربون
Armenian Carbune or Cãrbune
Asturian Carbonu
Azerbaijani Karbon
Bulgarian Въглерод
Bangla কার্বন
Breton Karbon
Bosnian Karbon, ²Ugljik
Byelorussian Вуглярод
Cebuano Carbono
Czech Uhlík
Chuvash Углерод
Welsh Carboni
Danish Carbon, Kulstof
German Kohlenstoff
Greek Ανθρακας
English Carbon
Esperanto Karbono
Spanish Carbono
Estonian Süsinik
Basque Karbonoa
Persian کربن
Finnish Hiili
Faroese Kolevni
French Carbone
Friulian Carboni
Western Frisian Koalstof
Irish Carbón
Scottish Gaelic Carbon
Galician Carbono
Gujarati કાર્બન
Manx Carboan
Hakka Chinese Than (碳)
Hebrew פחמן
Hindi कार्बन
Croatian Ugljik
Hungarian Szén
Armenian Ածխածին
Indonesian Karbon
Icelandic Kolefni
Italian Carbonio
Japanese 炭素
Georgian ნახშირბადი
Kashmiri Wãdźel
Kazakh Көміртек
Korean 탄소
Kurdish Karbon
Komi Шомчужысь
Cornish Carbon
Kyrgyz Көмур
Latin Carbonium
Luxembourgish Kuelestoff
Lombard Carbòni
Lingala Kaboni
Lithuanian Anglis
Latvian Ogleklis
Mari Шӱйдӱҥ
Māori Waro
Macedonian Јаглерод
Malayalam കാര്‍ബണ്‍
Mongolian Нүүрстөрөгч
Мокшан Седиль
Malay Karbon
Maltese Karbon, ²Karbonju
Nahuatl languages Tecolli
Dutch Koolstof
Norwegian Karbon
Occitan Carbòni
Ossetic Æвзалыгуыр
Polish Węgiel
Portuguese Carbono
Quechua K'illimsayaq, ²Karbunu
Romanian Carbon, ²Cărbune
Russian Углерод
Slovak Uhlík
Slovenian Ogljik
Samoan Koroskotriki
Samogitian Onglis
Albanian Karbon
Serbian Угљеник
Southern Sotho Khabone
Swedish Kol
Swahili Kaboni
Tamil காபன்
Tajik Карбон
Thai คาร์บอน
Turkish Karbon
Uyghur كاربون
Ukrainian Вуглець
Uzbek Uglerod
Vietnamese Cacbon
Võro Süsinik
Chinese 碳

History

Discovered In
Discovered By
Discovered At
Word Origin
From the Latin word "carbo" meaning "charcoal"