HYPONATREMIA has been observed repeatedly in patients with various brain lesions. Observations on a number of patients with cerebral hyponatremia were reported by Peters and his co-workers 1 in 1950.

Thus, even when the serum osmolality was as low as 220–240 milliosmols and the serum sodium 110–120 milliequiv. per liter, urinary osmolality was commonly in the range of 400–500 milliosmols.

For example, Chow et al described the symptoms associated with a cohort of patients with relatively mild thiazide-induced chronic hyponatremia: u202849% had malaise/lethargy, 47% had dizzy spells ...

Hyponatremia can be divided into three forms on the basis of plasma osmolality: hypotonic, nonhypotonic (essentially represented by pseudohyponatremia, i.e. hyponatremia in the presence of severe ...

Laboratory findings included hyponatremia, hypoglycemia, suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone levels, low serum osmolality and low levels of creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and uric acid (Table 1).

Laboratory test showed serum Na 101 mmol/L, serum osmolality 216 mmol/kg, serum creatinine 1.3 mg/dL (baseline 1.0 mg/dL), urine osmolality 552 mmol/kg, urine Na <10 mmol/L, urine K 32 mmol/L ...

In patients with hypervolemic or euvolemic hyponatremia who received an initial i.v. infusion of conivaptan (20 mg infused over 30 minutes) followed by an infusion of 40 mg/day for four days, the ...

Dilutional hyponatremia due to SIADH results in urine osmolality >100mOsm/kg H 2 O and urine sodium >30mEq/L, with less than maximally diluted urine. Symptoms generally resolve once the agent ...

Karen Yeates and associates, [1] [1] in their article on the management of hyponatremia, use the terms “serum osmolality” and “tonicity” interchangeably, a common practice. Although there is not a ...

Learn the difference between hypernatremia and hyponatremia.If hypernatremia isn’t treated, you could experience worsening thirst. You could go on to develop confusion, muscle twitches, or ...

Hyponatremia occurs when sodium levels in the body are below the typical level. It may develop in people living with cirrhosis, which is when scar tissue develops on the liver and replaces healthy ...