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LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS TO VOL. XXXV. 



ALDRICH, PROF. J. M Moscow, Idaho. 



ASHMEAD, DR. WILLIAM H Washington, D. C. 



BACOT, A London, England. 



B.VLL, PROF. E. D., M. Sc Agric. College, Logan, Utah. 



BANKS, XATHAN East End, Va. 



BETHUXE, REV. C. J. S. (The Editor) London, Ont. 



BIRIX HEXRV Rye, N. Y. 



BRADLEY, J. CHESTER. . : Philadelphia. Pa. 



BRITTOX, W. E New Haven, Conn. 



BROOKS, THEODORE Gcan tanamo, Cuba. 



BUEXO, J. R. DE LA TORRE New York. 



CASEY, :\IAJOR THOMAS L St. Louis, Mo. 



CAUDELL, A. N Washington, D. C. 



CLARK, AUSTIN H Cambridge, Mass. 



CLARKE, WARREN T Berkeley, Calif. 



COCKERELL, PROF. T. D. A Colorado Springs, Colo. 



COCKLE, J. WILLIAM Kaslo, B. C. 



COOLEY, R. A BozEMAN, Montana. 



COQUILLETT, D. W Washington, D. C. 



CRAWFORD, J. C, Jr West Point, Nebr. 



DODGE, G. M Louisiana, Mo. 



DYAR, DR. HARRISON G Washington, D. C. 



EVANS, JOHN D Trenton, Ont. 



FERNALD, DR. H. T Amherst, Mass. 



FERNALD, MRS. C. H Amherst, Mass. 



FERNALD. PROF. C. H Amherst, Mass. 



FLETCHER, DR. JAMES Ottawa. 



FRENCH, PROF. G. H Carbondale, III. 



FYLES, REV. DR. THOMAS W Levis, P. Que. 



GIBSON. ARTHUR Ottawa. 



GRAENICHER, DR. S Milwaukee, Wis. 



GROTE, PROF. A. RADCLIFFE Hildesheim, Germany. 



HARRINGTON, W. HAGUE Ottawa. 



HINE, PROF. JAMES S Columbus, Ohio. 



HOPKINS, DR. A. D Washington, D. C. 



HOW.VRD, DR. L. O Washington, D. C. 



JOHNSON. W. G New York. 



KEEN. REV. J. H Metlakatla, B. C. 



KING, GEORGE B Lawrence, Mass. 



LYMAN, HENRY H., M. .\ Montreal. 



MARLATT, C. L Washington, D. C. 



MOFFAT, J. ALSTON London, Ont. 



MORRILL, AUSTIN W .\gric. College, Mass. 



NEEDHAM, PROF. JAMES G Lake Forest, III. 



QUAINTANCE, A. L '. College Park, Md. 



ROBERTSON, CHARLES Carlinville, III. 



SANDERSON, PROF. E. DWIGHT Agric. College, Tex.as. 



SCHAEFFER, C Brooklyn, N. Y. 



SCHWARZ, E. A Washington, D. C. 



SLOSSON, MRS. A. T Franconia, N. H. 



SMITH, PROF. J. B., Sc. D New Brunswick, N.J. 



STEVENSON, CHARLES Montreal. 



SWENK, MYRON H Lincoln, Nebr. 



THEOBALD, FRED V London, England. 



TITUS, E. S. G Washington, D. C. 



WALKER, E. M., M. B Toronto. 



WASHBURN, PROF. F. L St. Anthony Park, Minn. 



W.VS.VIANN, RE\'. E., S. J Luxemburg. 



WEBSTER, PROF. F. M Urbana, III. 



WTCKHAM. PROF. H. F Iowa City, Iowa. 



WILLIA.MS, J. B Toronto. 







VOLUMK XXXV. 



Ephemera siiiirihiiis. Walk. 



EDITED BY 



Rev. C. J. S. Bethune, M.A., D.C.L., F.R.S.C. 



London, Ontario. 



EDITING COMMITTEE : 



Dr. J. Fletcher and W. H. Harrington, Ottawa ; H. H. Lyman, 



Montreal ; J. D. Evans, Trenton ; Prof. 



Lochhead, Guelph. 



ILonOon, ©ntario : 

 The London Printing' anJ Lithographing: Company, Limited 




Can. Ent., Vol. XXXV. 



Plate I. 



WILLIAM E. SAUNDERS. 

 SECRETARY OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO FROM 1887. 




t>^-^ 





Vol. XXXV. 



LONDON, JANUARY, 1903. 



No. I 



WILLIAM E. SAUNDERS. 



In this issue of our magazine we have pleasure in presenting to our 

 readers a portrait of the Secretary of the Entomological Society of Ontario 

 for the last fifteen years, Mr. W. E. Saunders, who is well known as a 

 prominent member of the fraternity of Canadian naturalists. Mr. 

 Saunders's home is in London, where he was born and where most of his 

 life has been spent. His father, Dr. William Saunders, Director of the 

 Experimental Farms of the Dominion, has always been devoted to 

 the study of the natural sciences, and hence the son's attention was in 

 early years directed to similar pursuits, interest in them being maintained 

 by the making of collections in the different departments. Geology, 

 Botany, Entomology and Ornithology all in turn provided object-lessons 

 for study, training the mind to habits of close observation and filling the 

 leisure of later years with delightful employment. 



After a few years of miscellaneous collecting, Mr. Saunders turned 

 his attention more exclusively to Ornithology, and as soon as the use of a 

 gun was permitted he commenced a scientifically-arranged collection of 

 our native birds, showing male and female in summer and winter 

 plumage, with any variations from the types ; also the nest and eggs of 

 each species. Year by year the collection is added to, until now it 

 numbers over 1,000 specimens. Mr. Saunders's birds are his intimate 

 friends, and whether in his own house or on the public platform, his " Bird 

 Talks," illustrated with specimens, show to his audience that he speaks of 

 what he has learnt by personal experience in the fields and woods. His 

 enthusiasm for this study is such that he counts it no hardship to walk 

 miles into the country in time to hear some favourite songster greet the 

 dawn. He has also been known to spend a night in the woods in the 

 depths of winter, just to see what he missed by spending his nights in 

 bed! 



About two years ago Mr. Saunders accompanied his father on an 

 official visit to Sable Island, a place he had long wished to go to in order 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



to see the only known breeding place of the "Ipswich" sparrow. The im- 

 pressions of this trip were given to the public in an article in one of our 

 local papers, which has since been adapted for some of our scientific 

 magazines. Mr. Saunders was able also to enrich his collection by 

 several specimens of the rare sparrow, as well as some other beautiful 

 birds which have their habitat on that interesting island. 



Although Mr. Saunders is kejDt fully employed in looking after his 

 business interests, he finds a change of work sufficient to afford him the 

 rest he needs ; hence, he has employed his leisure time in many pursuits, 

 and while Ornithology may be called his principal "hobby," he has gone 

 rather extensively into gardening and horticulture generally — extensively, 

 considering the size of his lot on Central Ave., but the amount of fruit 

 and flowers there produced is a surprise and pleasure to all his summer 

 visitors. His well-known love for these pursuits and his knowledge of 

 horticulture generally has occasioned his recent election to the chairman- 

 ship of the committee who have in charge the care of the street trees in 

 London. 



Mr. Saunders received his education principally in London, though 

 two or three years were spent in boys' colleges elsewhere. As it was 

 considered best for him to enter the drug business so long conducted by 

 his father, he was sent for two years to the Philadelphia College of 

 Pharmacy, where he graduated with the highest honours. Soon after his 

 return to London he was taken into partnership with his father, but on 

 the latter being appointed Director of the Experimental Farms of the 

 Dominion, Mr. Saunders retired from the retail business and entered into 

 the wholesale exclusively. 



On the establishment of the Western University he was appointed to 

 the chair of Chemistry, which he held until the claims of his own 

 business forced him to relinquish the position. 



We regret to learn that the Entomological Society of Belgium has 

 recently lost its venerable President, Dr. Pierre-Jules Tosquinet, 

 retired Inspector General of the Health Department of the Army, Officer 

 of the Order of Leopold, and honoured with the Civil Cross of the First 

 Class and also the Military Cross. He died at Saint Gilles, October 

 28th, 1902, in the 78th year of his age. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



CLASSIFICATION OF THE FOSSORIAL, PREDACEOUS AND 



PARASITIC WASPS, OR THE SUPERFAMILY 



VESPOIUEA. 



BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD, A. M., ASSISTANT CURATOR, DIVISION OF INSECTS, 



U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



(Paper No. ii. — Continued from Vol. XXXIV., p. 291.) 

 Family XXXIV. — Sapygidie. 



The wasps belonging to this family, on account of the emarginate 

 eyes in the females, and the abdomen being usually marked with yellow or 

 white, closely resembles those in the families Myzinidce and Scoliidce, but 

 may be easily distinguished by the great difference in the legs, the middle 

 coxae being approximate, the outer face of the tibiae being smooth, 

 unarmed, without tubercles or spines, while the tarsi are without strong 

 spines or bristles, and unfitted for digging. 



The antennae, too, are different ; they are inserted much farther 

 apart, being nearer to the eye margin than to each other. The pronotum 

 is broader, abruptly truncate anteriorly, with the front angles more 

 acute, while the venation, at least in the front wings, is wholly different 

 from the venation in the Myzinidce and the Scoliidce, the stigma being 

 distinct, never small^ the marginal cell larger, lanceolate, the basal nervure 

 slightly arcuate, with the cells different. The males are easily known by 

 the unarmed hypopygium. 



In habits the species agree with those in the Trigonalidce, being 

 parasitic in the nests of wasps and bees. 



Table of Genera. 



1. Head normal, without smooth, blister-like swellings along the inner 



margin of the eyes and on the vertex ; ocelli large, distinct 2. 



Head with smooth, blister-like swellings along the inner margin of the 

 eyes and on the vertex ; ocelli small, indistinct. 



Antennae at apex similar in both sexes, the last joint in the male 



not enclosed by the penultimate (1) Eusapyga, Cresson. 



(Type E. rubripes, Cr.) 



2. Antennae dissimilar in the sexes, not filiform ; mandibles with unequal 



teeth 3. 



Antennce similar in both sexes, filiform, tapering off at apex ; mandibles 

 broad, 3-dentate, the teeth blunt, equal ; maxillary palpi 6-jointed, 



labial palpi 4-joinled (2) Polochrum, Spinola. 



(Type P. repanda, Spinola.) 




4 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGISt. 



3. Third joint of the antenna; not longer than the fourth ; second cubital 

 cell narrowed above ; antennae in female clavate, in male subfiliform, 

 the last joint more or less enclosed by the penultimate ; mandibles 

 3-dentate, the teeth acute, the outer tooth a little the 



longest (3) Sapyga, Latreille. 



(Type Apis clavicornis, Fabr.) 

 Third joint of the antenna; longer than the fourth ; second cubital cell 

 not much narrowed above ; antennai in female subfili- 

 form (4) Sapygina, Costa. 



(Type Sapyga decemguttata, J urine.) 



Family XXXV.- -Myzinidae. 



This family is usually classified with the Scoliidce. According to my 

 views, it is (luite distinct, although closely allied, and is easily separated 

 by the difference in the shape of the eyes in the females, and by the 

 totally different armature of the male genitalia. 



The eyes in a female Myzinid are always entire, never emarginate 

 within, as in the Scoliidce The males have the eyes emarginate or 

 sinuate within, much as in the Scoliidce, but are easily distinguished 

 by difference in venation and by the armature of the genitalia, the 

 tip of the abdomen always ending in a single upward curved aculeus. 



In the Scoliidce the abdomen in the males terminates in three 

 straight spines. 



The family is without doubt parasitic, Init nothing seems to be 

 known of llie habits of the many sjiecies already described. 



Many of our species are common in midsummer and early fall ; 

 tliey nre conspicuous and easil}' observed, and some of our younger 

 entomologists should make an effort toward unravelling their life- 

 histories. 



The genus Menisus, Du Buysson, I do not know ; it may be 

 Sapygid, but I am unable to place it from the description. 



The species in our catalogues, under the genus Myzine, do not 

 belong to it, but should be removed to the genus Plcsia, J urine. 



Table of Genera. 



1. Females : eyes entire, Jiot emarginate within 2. 



Males : eyes more or less emarginate within 11. 



2. Wings fully developed, normal 3. 



Wings much abbreviated, the apex pointed, incised or bilobed 9. 




THE CA.NADUN ENTOMOLOGIST. 5 



3. Front wings with three cubital cells, rarely with tivo cubital cells . . 4. 

 Front wings with two cubital cells. 



Second cubital cell receiving both recurrent 



nervures Poecilotiphia, Cameron. 



(Type P. albomaculata, Cam.) 



4. Marginal cell not at all or only slightly separated from the costa ; 



three cubital cells, the second and third each receiving a recurrent 

 nervure 8. 



Marginal cell widely separated from the costa, nearly to the stigma, 

 and directed forward into the disc of the wing, so as to occupy the 

 place usually occupied by the third cubital cell. 



Two cubital cells 5. 



Three cubital cells 6. 



5. Thorax elongate, the pronotum long ; hind tarsi twice longer than 



their tibiae ; cubitus in hind wings originating before the transverse 



median Hemimeria, Saussure. 



(Type Myzine Savignyi, Guer.) 



6. Second cubital cell neither small nor petiolate 7. 



Second cubital cell very small, longly petiolate ; hind tarsi not twice 



longer than their tibiae Myzine, Latreille. 



= Tachus, Jurine. 



= Meria, lUiger. 



(Type Tiphia tripunctata, Rossi.) 



7. Second cubital cell large, longer than wide, trapezoidal, receiving the 



recurrent nervure far beyond the middle ; hind tarsi al)out twice as 

 long as their tibiai ; cubitus in hind wings originating behind the 

 transverse median nervure ; mandibles long, sickel-shaped, 



edentate Plesia, Jurine. 



(Type Tiphia namea, Fabr.) 



Second cubital cell not so large, receiving the recurrent nervure at the 

 middle; mandibles stout, curved, edentate. . Dimorphoptera, Smith. 



(Type D. scoliiformis, Smith.) 



8. Cubitus in hind wings originating beyond the transverse median 



nervure ; hind tibiae elongate, triangulate ; last joint of hind tarsi 

 not smaller than the fourth . . . . Micromeria (Westwood) Saunders. 



(Type Meria, Llugii, Westwood.) 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



Cubitus in hind wings originating (?) before the transverse median 

 nervure ; hind tibiie globose ; last joint of hind tarsi very 



minute Parameria, Guerin. 



(Type P. femorata, Guer.) 



9. Wings glabrous, ?iot hairy 10. 



Wings hairy, strongly fimbriate. 



Apical lobes of front wings unequal ; stigma and veins 



absent Komarovia, Radoszkowski. 



(Type K. victoriosa, Radoszk.) 



10. Apex of wings bilobed, the marginal cell wanting; one cubital and 



two discoidal cells ; mandibles at apex bifid ; hind tibial spur 



moderate, straight and acute Pseudomeria, Saunders. 



(Type P. graeca, Saund.) 



Apex of wings pointed ; otie or two discoidal cells ; mandibles 



at apex simple, edentate ; hind tibial spur very long, slender, 



acute (Africa) Pseudotiphia, Ashm., g. nov. 



(Type Tiphia brevipennis, Lucas.) 



11. Front wings with three cubital cells 12. 



Front wings with two cubital cells. 



Second cubital cell receiving both recurrent 



nervures Poecilotiphia, Cameron. 



12. Marginal cell at apex not at all or only slightly separated from the 



costa ; second cubital cell large, irregularly quadrangular, 



trapezoidal or pentagonal, longer than the third 13. 



Marginal cell al ajiex widely separated from the costa ; second 

 cubital cell small, longly peliolate Myzine, Latreille. 



13. Marginal cell shorter, rounded or truncate at apex ; second cubital 



cell long, in outline triangular 14, 



Marginal cell long, its apex oblique and with a slight curve inwards 

 near the costa ; three cubital cells, the second cell large, the 

 second and third each receiving a recurrent nervure, or the 

 second recurrent is interstitial with the second transverse cubitus; 

 cubitus in hind wings originating before the transverse median 

 nervure Plesia, Jurine. 



14. Apex of marginal cell narrowly rounded; second cubital cell 



receiving the first recurrent nervure at or a little before the 

 middle, the second recurrent nervure received by the third cubital 

 cell before the middle Micromeria, Saunders, 




THE CANADIAN ENTO!\[OLOGIST. 



Apex of niargiiKil cull biictly truncate ; second and third cubital cells 

 each receiving a recurrent nervure at or a little beyond the middle; 

 cubitus in hind wings originating a little before the transverse 



median nervure Mesa, Saussure. 



(Type M. diapherogamia, Sauss.) 



Family XXXVL— Scoliids. 

 This family is very closely allied to the Myzitiidce, but may 

 be easily separated by having the eyes in the females distinctly 

 emarginate within. The males also have emarginate eyes, but are 

 more easily distinguishable by abdominal peculiarities, the tip ending 

 in three straight spines, but never in a single upward curved aculeus as in 

 the Myzinidce. 



The species are parasitic upon the larvns of beetles belonging to the 

 family Scarabaeid(E, and probably also upon other ground-inhabiting 

 beetle larv?e. 



Two subfamilies may be recognized : 

 Front wings with only one recurrent nervure ; if with two, the second 

 recurrent is incompletely formed, and bends backwards so as to unite 

 with the first, the second cubital cell receiving only one recurrent 



nervure Subfamily I. — Scoliinse. 



Front wings with two complete recurrent nervures, both of which are 



received by the second cubital cell Subfamily II. — Elidinse. 



Subfamily I. — Scoliince. 

 In this subfamily the front wings have only a single complete 

 recurrent nervure, which is received by the second cubital cell. The 

 group is evidently an offshoot from the Elidiiice, which have two 

 complete recurrent nervures. 



Table of Genera. 



1. Front wings \\\\.\\foiir discoidal cells, the third usually triangular, often 



petiolate 2. 



Front wings with three discoidal cells. 



Two closed cubital cells Discolia, Saussure. 



(Type Scolia apicicornis, Guer.) 



Three closed cubital cells Scolia, Fabricius, 



= Triscolia, Sauss. 



= Triliacos, Sauss. (partira.) 



(Type S. Havifrons, Fabr.) 



2. Two cubital cells Diliacos, Sauss. et Sich. 



(Type Compsomeris violacea, Lepels.) 




8 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



Three cubital cells Liacos, Guerin. 



= Triliacos, Sauss. et Sich (pariim.) 

 ('ryi)e L. dimidiata, Guerin.) 



SuuFAMiLV II. — Eliding'. 



This subfamily is separated from the Scoliiiue by having two 

 recurrent nervures, and both being received by the second cubital cell. 

 It is the older type of the two subfamilies, and is clearly shown by 

 the more numerous cells in the front wings. 



The present conception of the genus Elis appears to be wrong. 

 Elis, as established by Fabricius, was a most composite group, and some 

 of the species originally placed in it by Fabricius did not even belong to 

 the same family. 



Fabricius, when he established Elis, placed under it seveji species, 

 viz.: (i) E. sexciticta, (2) E. interrupta, (3) E. seniles, (4) E. y-cincta, 

 (5) E. cylindrica, (6) E. volvulus and (7) E. cochleata. Subsequently, 

 some of these were placed in other genera, and the first species, 

 Elis sexcincta, became the type of the genus Myzine, Latr. After going 

 carefully over the literature, I find that the only species left to which the 

 Fabrician name Elis may be applied is Elis (Scolia) y-cincta. This 

 must now be considered the type of the genus ; it will throw out 

 the generic names, Colpa, Lep.j Compsomeris, Lep., and Dielis, Sauss., 

 and what we have been calling Elis becomes Trielis, Saussure. 



Table of Genera. 



1. Front wings with three ox four cubital cells 2. 



Front wings with ttvo cubital cells. 



Three discoidal cells Elis, Fabricius. 



= Compsomeris, Lep. 



= Colpa, Lepel. 



== Dielis, Sauss. 



(Type Scolia 7-cincta, Fabr.) 



2. Front wings with three closed cubital cells. 



Three discoidal cells : Trielis, Saussure. 



= Elis, Sauss. et Auc. 

 (Type Elis consanguinea, Sauss.) 



Four discoidal cells Trisciloa, Gribode. 



(Type T. Saussurei, Grib.) 

 Front wings w'wh four closed cubital cells. . Tetrascolia, Ashm., g. nov. 



(Type Compsomeris Urvillii, Gue'r.) 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



NEW NOCTUIDS FOR 1903.— No. I. 



BY JOHN B. SMITH, SC. D., RUTGERS COLLEGE, N. J. 



Feralia Columbiana, n. sp. — Ground colour a bright emerald green, 

 the maculation black and white. Head with a black interantennal spot. 

 Collar with a black patch at its centre and at the base of each primary: 

 tipped with whitish. Behind the collar there is a black edging to the 

 disc and the loose basal tuftings are black marked. The edges of the 

 patagia are black along the disc and at the base of the wings. The 

 thorax itself is small and quadrate, the maculation just described forming 

 a black square in its centre. The abdomen is deep smoky brown, 

 yellowish or whitish at tip. Primaries with all the lines black, prominent, 

 yet fragmentary. Basal line single, accompanied by a few white scales, 

 becoming diffuse at the inner margin. T. a. line single, followed by a 

 white line, Outcurved as a whole and irregularly bent or curved outwardly 

 in the interspaces. It may or may not be connected with the basal line 

 by a black bar below the median vein. T. p. line very irregularly 

 dentate, broad, a little diffuse outwardly, preceded by a white line, the 

 tooth on vein 4 carrying the line nearest to the outer margin. The 

 median shade line is irregular, broken, almost upright, coming between 

 the ordinary spots and tending to become obsolete below the middle of 

 the wing. If complete the tendency is to a black powdering through the 

 outer half of the median space. There is no s, t. line. The space 

 between t. p. line and outer margin is even to a series of large black, 

 interspacial terminal spots which are preceded by white scales. Beyond 

 these spots the fringes are cut with blackish, the intermediate spaces 

 whitish. Orbicular round or oval, more or less completely outlined in 

 white and black. Reniform large, upright, a little constricted in the 

 middle, an inner, diffuse white line to the incomplete black defining line. 

 Claviform indicated by black scales and more or less white filled. The 

 secondaries may be entirely blackish with white fringes, or there may be 

 a whitish margin and base of indefinite extent. Beneath with a geminate 

 extra-median line on all wings ; secondaries with a large black discal 

 spot. The primaries have the terminal space green, but within that 

 everything is more or less black powdered to the base. A large black 

 patch on the costa between the outer line and the terminal space. The 

 breast is a mass of smoky blackish long fine hair. The legs are banded 

 and ringed with black, while and green. 



Expands 40 mm. = 1.60 inches. 




10 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



Habitat: New Westminster, British Columbia, 1896 (Fletcher) j 

 Northwest Territory (Ottolengui). 



Two males in good condition, very much alike, yet different. The 

 specimen from Dr. Fletcher came some years ago and was associated 

 with Momophana Comsiocki, because of the tendency to powder or 

 darken the outer portion of the median space. It was realized that the 

 wing form was somewhat different ; but this was not without the range of 

 possible variation, and I had an example from Oregon that I yet believe 

 to be Comstocki. The recei[)t of a fine example from Dr. Ottolengui 

 makes clear a close relationship to Feralia Jocosa, than which it is a 

 much larger and more intensely coloured form. It is quite likely that the 

 secondaries may vary to almost whitish with more or less blackish 

 powderings. 



Carneades ciiiereopallidus, n. sp. — Groundcolour a peculiar, very pale 

 ashen gray, more or less powdered with bluish dark gray scales ; a little 

 washed locally with luteous. Head concolorous. Collar with a blackish 

 line across the middle, below which is a whitish line or shade which may 

 involve the entire lower half Tip edged with white scales, then luteous 

 to the black line. Thorax with disc and patagia more or less whitish, 

 the edges of the latter sometimes edged with black : more evidently so in 

 the females. Primaries whitish powdered over the costal region ; a 

 luteous shading through the cell and in the s. t. space. A black, 

 geminate basal line is obscurely marked ; most obvious on and below the 

 median vein. Median lines practically lost : the t. a. marked by the 

 claviform and a slight difference in shade between basal and median 

 spaces ; t. p. a narrow ])aler line whicli is somewhat rigidly oblique. S. t. 

 line narrow, whitish, preceded l)y black scales which may form rather 

 vague sagittate spots. It is obviously dented by whitish rays on veins 3 

 and 4, which do not, however, quite reach the outer margin. \\'hitish 

 rays on veins 6 and 7 do not, or only slightly, dent the line. A series of 

 smoky, obscure, terminal lunules. A very pale yellow line at base of 

 fringes. Claviform narrowly outlined by black scales, concolorous, 

 usually with a ])aler shading above and beyond it. Orbicular oblique, 

 oblong, varying in width, open to the costa, sometimes outlined by black 

 scales, of the palest ground colour or a little whitish. Reniform rather 

 narrow, kidney-shaped, pale yellowish, sometimes contrasting ; not 

 outlined except by the rather sharp colour contrast. Secondaries white, 

 with a very narrow smoky edging in the male, a broader, variable outer 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 11 



shading in the female. Fringes white. Beneath, white with a smoky 

 disc on primaries, costal region powdered on secondaries, a smoky 

 terminal line on all wings. 



Expands 28-33 mm. = i.i 2-1.32 inches. 



Habitat : Stockton, Utah, in October. Four examples, two of each 

 sex, and none of them good, are at hand from Mr. George Franck. 



The species belongs with the 4daitata series ; but is not especially 

 well marked and recalls the perso7iata form of pitychrous. It is best 

 placed near 4-dentata, and I am not sure that some specimens so marked 

 will not prove referable to this new form. 



The antennee of the male have the lateral processes well marked and 

 the bristle tufting long. 



Carneades tronellus, n. sp. — Ground colour white with a yellowish 

 tinge, ranging from faint lemon to creamy or even very pale luteous ; the 

 deeper shades in the females. Head and thorax concolorous, vcstiture 

 rather thin, long, patagia not marked. Primaries, in the males almost 

 immaculate, the only obvious mark being a somewhat diffuse blackish 

 spot at the end of the cell, representing the reniform. On close examina- 

 tion, scattered darker scales or slight shadings indicate the maculation 

 which is obvious in the female. In the latter sex the primaries are more 

 or less powdery and all the normal maculation is traceable, albeit in a 

 fragmentary fashion, nor all of it in any one specimen. Basal line 

 marked by black scales on costa and median vein. T. a. line geminate, 

 the inner line is usually marked on the costa only, broken into imperfect 

 interspacial lunules, as a whole a little outcurved. T. p. line geminate, 

 inner line narrow, broken, feebly crenulated, blackish, outer line a vague 

 shading : the course as a whole well curved over the cell and a little 

 incurved below. A dusky costal patch in the s. t. space contrasts a little 

 with the somewhat paler apex. Terminal space a little dusky and thus 

 indicating a somewhat irregular terminal line. Secondaries white in both 

 sexes, in the female with a faint trace of narrow extra-median line. 

 Beneath white, primaries with a yellowish tint, practically immaculate in 

 both sexes. 



Expands 32-37 mm. = 1.2S-1.50 inches. 



Habitat : Stockton, Utah, in October. Three ^ and three $ , all 

 more or less rubbed or otherwise imperfect, from Mr, George Franck. 



The species is allied to citricoior, Grt., but is much lighter in colour 

 and in the ^ not nearly so well marked, On the other hand, in the 




12 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



female the maculation is much better written. So great a difference 

 between the sexes is not usual in this series, and I believe that more 

 material will bring maculate males and more nearly immaculate females. 



Mamestra orida, n. sp. — Ground colour ashen gray, powdered with 

 black. Head inferiorly protuberant, a little roughened, yellowish in 

 colour. Vague blackish lines across the front and vertex. Collar 

 inferiorly a little paler ; a more or less obvious black transverse line. 

 Thorax powdery, patagia with obscure submarginal lines. Primaries 

 powdery, the maculation obscure, except that the reniform and the s. t. 

 line are always conspicuous. Basal line geminate, smoky, well marked ; 

 connected with base by a short black line in the submedian interspace. 

 T. a. line marked by geminate blackish dots on costa and then lost. T. 

 p. line also marked by costal spots and in some specimens by venular 

 black dots, never complete. S. t. line whitish, irregular, with small 

 outward teeth on veins 3 and 4, emphasized by the darker terminal space 

 and a dusky preceding shade. A series of black terminal interspacial 

 lunules. Fringes white at base, interlined with smoky, cut with paler on 

 the veins, edges a little notch. Veins marked by blackish scales. 

 Claviform broad, varying in length, outlined by blackish scales, 

 concolorous. Orbicular rather small, oval, somewhat elongate, outlined 

 in smoky brown, annulate with yellowish, smoky centered. Reniform 

 large, kidney-shaped somewhat dilated inferiorly, and there obscured by 

 a blackish, diffuse shading. Secondaries white, with a broad black outer 

 margin, the fringes white. Beneath white, more or less powdery over the 

 costal region. All wings with a broad, black submarginal band, and 

 within this a series of black venular dots. Primaries with a discal lunule, 

 secondaries with a discal dot. Tarsi annulate with black and white. 



Expands 30-33 mm. = 1.20 to 1.32 inches. 



Habitat : Stockton, Utah, in October. 



Two (^ and seven y from .Mr. (Icorge Franck, who has others 

 which do not materially differ from the series under observation. The 

 antennie of the male have the joints a little marked, and are obviously 

 ciliated. The genitalia are quite unique, and do not closely resemble 

 those of any of the species figured by me in the revision. 



It belongs to the group de/cssa, and may be most nearly associated 

 with chartaria, differing obviously in the black-margined secondaries. 

 The maculation of the under side is quite characteristic, and in all this 

 species should be readily recognizable. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 13 



The protuberant, roughened front is somewhat unusual in this genus, 

 but is not so marked as to require a separate generic term. 



Caradrina drasteroides, n. sp. — Ground colour a creamy gray, with 

 the yellowish tinge well marked. Head and thorax immaculate. 

 Primaries powdered with black scales, which gives the gray tinge an 

 emphasis ; most of the s. t. and terminal spaces distinctly and evenly 

 gray. The ordinary lines are not well marked. Basal line marked 

 on costa only or not at all. T. a. line barely traceable by the absence of 

 black scales ; outwardly bent on the median vein, inwardly angled on the 

 submedian. T. p. line better defined, geminate, only a little outcurved; 

 inner line blackish or brown, sometimes emphasized on the veins ; the 

 outer line marked only by the darker s. t. space which relieves the 

 pale shade following the inner dusky line. The median shade line 

 is smoky or deeper luteous, well removed outwardly, and outwardly 

 diffuse to the t. p. line. S. t. line whitish, almost even, a little better 

 defined on the costa by a slight darkening in the s. t. space ; well defined 

 inwardly, somewhat diffuse outwardly. A series of minute black terminal 

 dots, which may be wanting. Orbicular and claviform wanting. Reniform 

 oblique, without definite outlines, dusky, obscured by the median shade, 

 which crosses and completely involves it. Secondaries snowy white, with 

 or without a small dark discal spot and a more or less obvious powdering 

 of black scales at the base of the fringes. Beneath, primaries creamy 

 white, the yellow most obvious along the costa, with a more or less 

 obvious extra-median dusky line, and with or without a discal spot. 

 Secondaries white, more or less creamy and powdery along the costa ; a 

 partial outer line and sometimes a small discal dot. 



Expands 27-31 mm. =1.08-1.24 inches. 



Habitat: Southern California ; Arizona. Two male examples; one 

 in good, the other in fair condition. 



The smaller specimen is from Arizona, and comes from the 

 collection of Dr. Ottolengui. The larger specimen is from Southern 

 California, and has been in my collection nearly or quite ten years 

 awaiting a mate. The reference to Caradrina is not quite satisfactory, 

 because of the wing form. This resembles more that of Drasteria. and 

 there I expected at first to place it, but the species is obviously a typical 



trifid. 



The vestiture is scaly, just a little roughened, forming no tufts of any 

 kind. The palpi hardly exceed the front. The antenna? are very shortly 

 ciliated, 




14 THE CANADIA-N ENTOMOLOGIST. 



Siavana rigida, n. sp. — Ground colour a somewhat yellowish brick 

 red, through which a luleous base api)ears locally. Head and collar a 

 deeper, more rusty red-brown. Thorax and abdomen otherwise immacu- 

 late, concolorous. Primaries without strong contrasts. The costa is a 

 deeper red-brown, and in the costal area there is a light gray powdering. 

 T. a. line single, very slender, slightly irregular, a little outcurved, bright 

 red-brown, tending to disappear altogether. T. p. line slender, crenulate, 

 single, with or without minute black venular dots ; as a whole, nearly 

 parallel with the outer margin. S. t. line a series of vague gray venular 

 dots, which may be altogether wanting. The colour deepens a little, and 

 becmnes somewhat smoky at the outer margin, where a narrow yellow 

 line marks the base of the fringes. Median shade line crimson red, 

 rigidly oblique from the costa near the inception of t. p. line, touching the 

 lower outer angle of the reniform and reaching the inner margin just 

 within the t. p. line. This line tends to disappear and may be entirely 

 absent, and there may or may not be a prominent black patch on 

 the inner margin, filling the space between the t. p. line and median 

 shade line. Orbicular a small blackish dot. Reniform moderate in size, 

 rather narrow, slightly oblique, somewhat constricted centrally, narrowly 

 brown ringed, the filling luteous, but not contrasting. .Secondaries 

 a little paler at base than primaries, but darkening outwardly to the same 

 shade. The median shade of primaries is obviously continued across the 

 secondaries, and the t. p. line is vaguely traceable. There is also a 

 slightly-waved, narrow, yellowish line at the base of the fringes. 

 Beneath there is a crimson powdering, which becomes paler along the 

 inner margin of the secondaries. A vague, common outer line. 



Expands 45 mm. =t.8o inches. 



Habitat: Huachuca Mts., Arizona. One male and one female from 

 Dr. Barnes. 



The species resembles the eastern repanda ( Harveya auripennis, 

 Grt.) in general appearance and in colour. In the $ the antenna in the 

 new species are decidedly more slender and the ciliation of the joints, 

 though longer, is more sparse. So in rigida the apex is marked and the 

 outer margin is a little excavated below it ; in repanda the apex is obtuse 

 and the outer margin is rounded. In the older species the median shade 

 line is smoky, somewhat diffuse, and a little sinuate, almost parallel with 

 the t. p. line ; in the new species this line is rigid and crimson. Alto- 

 gether, the differences, though not striking, seem to authorize the new 

 species. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 15 



ARCTIC SIRICOIDEA AND TENTHREDINOTDEA. 



BV W. HAGUE HARRINGTON, F. R. S. C., OTTAWA. 



The knowledge of our Arctic insect fauna is of so fragmentary a 

 character that any contribution thereto is of special interest and value to 

 Canadian entomologists. I am indebted to Dr. Hans Kiaer, of the 

 Museum of Tromso, Norway, for a copy of an exceedingly valuable 

 catalogue entitled " Die Arktischen Tenthrediniden,"* an examination of 

 which emphasizes this fact. His introduction points out that in Canada 

 little is known of the forms occurring north of St. Martin's Falls, Lat. 51'^, 

 whereas in Norway species are recorded from as far north as Lat. 70°. 

 Of 228 species enumerated (including 12 of Siricoidea) Arctic Scandinavia 

 furnishes 132, Nova Zemlya 18, Spitzbergen 6, Iceland 3, Greenland 2, 

 Hudson's Bay region 59, Alaska 8, and Arctic Siberia 11. There is but 

 one species common to Europe and America, and only 11 species in all 

 occur in any two of the above regions, showing that the circumpolar 

 fauna is not so cosmopolitan as is frequently supposed, although 

 undoubtedly some forms now listed as distinct species may prove to be 

 synonyms. Rhogogastcra viridis, Linn., is the sole link between the old 

 and new worlds. Slrex bizo7iatus, Steph., and .5*. caiidatjis, Cress., are 

 found in Hudson's Bay territory and in Alaska ; Cimbex /emorata, Zett, 

 TricJiiosoma luconim, Linn., and Nematjis iiii/iaris, Pan/., in Arctic 

 Scandinavia and Siberia; IV. arcticus, Holmgr., and N'. frigiJus, Boh., 

 in Nova Zemlya and Spitzbergen ; N. coiidjuius, Ruthe, and Emphytus 

 pallidipes, Spin., in Arctic Norway and Iceland, and N. obscuripes, 

 Holmgr., in Arctic Norway and Nova Zemlya. The percentage of 

 Nematids to other forms is very large in the boreal and arctic faunas, 

 and, apparently, increasingly so northward concurrently with changes in 

 the flora. From the Hudson's Bay region this group is as yet not nearly 



"Fauna Arctica. Eine Zusammenslellung der arkti.schen Tierformen, mit 

 besonderer Berucksichtigung des Spitzbergen-Gebietes aiif Grand der Ergebnisse der 

 Deutschen Expedition in das Nordlicher Eisnieer im Jahre, 189S. Band II., Lieferung 

 3, 1902. 




16 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



SO well represented as is that of the Tenthredinids, clearly showing that 

 the smaller and inconspicuous forms characteristic of the north have 

 escaped the attention of the few collectors there, and that extensive 

 additions could be made to the list of species, did not the inaccessibility 

 of the region at present prevent systematic collecting. 



A notable addition has been made to the knowledge of American 

 species, since the preparation of Kiaer's catalogue, in the " Papers from 

 the Harriman Alaska Expedition " (Proc. Wash. Acad. Sciences). No. 

 XXVIII. (158 pages, 3 plates) is a monograph by Ashmead of all the 

 Hyraenoptera, describing 201 new species and enumerating 335 species now 

 known from Alaska. No. VII., by Prof Kincaid, deals specially with the 

 Tenthredinoidea. This large and successful expedition to Alaska was in 

 1S99, ^"<^ Prof Kincaid, as entomologist, made, during the months of 

 June and July, very extensive collections. Among these were 56 species 

 of sawflies, of which 32 were new species described in his paper. The 

 list of Alaskan species was thus raised in one brief season from 7 species 

 to 61 species, and the fauna was shown to be comparatively rich. Many 

 of the species found on the Alaskan coast will undoubtedly extend 

 eastward into Canada, through the Yukon. The Tenthredinids are 

 represented by 22 species, of which 6 are new, and the Nematids by 27, 

 of which no less than 21 are new, an indication of how little was 

 previously known, and of how much remains to be learned. Some of the 

 species have a very extensive range, as, for instance, Pxcilostotnidea 

 macu/ata, Nort., the well-known strawberry sawfly; Dolerus scriceu^, Say; 

 D. aprilis, Nort.; Cinibex ainericajia., Leach, and Trichiosoma 

 tria7igulum, Cr., all of which occur tiiroughout Canada and over large 

 areas in the United States. It is stated that an especially rich series of 

 Nematids may be expected in the Alaskan region " owing to the immense 

 abundance, both in species and individuals, of various kinds of willows." 

 This will hold good in a great measure all across northern Canada, and 

 insects which feed upon birch, spruce and other widely-distributed 

 northern plants can also have an extended range. This is shown by the 

 occurrence in Alaska of Pachynematus ocreatus, Harrgtn., described from 

 Ottawa, and bred from a larva on spruce. One of the few species 

 previously known from Alaska, Tenthredo melanosoma, Harrgtn., seems 

 to be abundant, as seven specimens were collected, and I have also 

 received two males and two females from Mr. W. Simpson, of Ottawa, 

 who collected them, in 1894, at Burroughs Bay. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 17 



THE LIFE-HISTORV OF CROCIGRAPHA NORMA NI, CRT. 



BY ARTHUR GIBSON, CP:NTRAL EXPERIMENTAL FARM, OTTAWA. 



On the 6th May, 1901, a cluster of 30 eggs of Crocigraphn 

 Normafii, Grt., was found by the writer. Six of these had been 

 destroyed and the contents eaten, probably by some hemipterous insect. 

 The eggs were laid in rows close together, touching each other, on the 

 upper side of a leaf of Caulophyllum fhalictroides, Michx., and formed 

 almost a complete square, an average of six eggs being in each row. 

 They looked as if they had just been laid. Young maple, ash and birch 

 trees were growing near by. 



Egg. — .Almost semispheroidal ; 0.7 mm. wide, 0.6 mm. high, about 

 31 ribs rising from almost near the base, which is flattened and pitted, 

 making it appear rotighened. The whole egg has a shiny appearance, 

 particularly so towards and at the tip of each rib. The ribs are 

 acutely angled, and the whole surface, except the base, is distinctly 

 marked with wavy, transverse ribs. When found, the eggs were white. 

 On the 7th May they were all ringed near the apex with reddish brown, 

 and there was also a blotch of this colour near the apex. The eggs 

 hatched on the nth May. 



Stage I. — Length, at first, 3.25 mm. Head 0.4 mm. wide, pale 

 brown, slightly bilobed, with a shallow furrow down the front ; mouth- 

 parts reddish; hairs on face pale. Body cylindrical, pale yellow; after 

 feeding, the food contents give a greenish appearance ; skin smooth, 

 shiny. The cervical shield is concolorous with head, and bears two rows 

 of transverse tubercles, 4 large ones in front and 4 smaller ones behind. 

 Tubercles on body shiny black, large, single-haired; tubercles i and iii in a 

 line, ii and iv almost in a line, but iv nearer to iii than ii is to i. Spiracles 

 very minute, faintly black, and in a line with tubercle iv, and about the 

 same distance from tubercle iii as from iv ; setse short and black. A 

 faint dark green dorsal vessel is apparent. All the feet are concolorous, 

 slightly darkened at tips. The first two pairs of abdominal feel on 

 segments 7 and 8 are aborted, only being about half formed. 



The young larvae are " loopers," and spin a considerable quantity of 

 silk ; when disturbed on a leaf, they rise up on their prolegs and assume 

 a sphinx-like attitude. Apple, beech, willow, elm, basswood, wild goose- 

 berry, ash, plantain, birch and wild cherry were offered, and while they 

 fed on nearly every one of these plants, elm and beech were the favourite 

 food. 




18 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



On the 15th May most of the larvre were swollen and ready for the 

 first moult ; on the i6th and 17th ihey cast their skins. 



Stage II. — Length, 5.5 nnn. Head 0.7 mm. wide, brownish yellow; 

 on each cheek there are two large dark brown round spots. In some 

 specimens these two spots are almost black, and the whole face is 

 sparsely mottled with small spots of the same colour; ocelli dark; 

 mouth-parts reddish ; antennae faintly reddish. There is now a great 

 difference between the larvae in this stage and in last stage. A distinct 

 white dorsal stripe is now present, also a lateral stripe of the same 

 colour, and a wide stigmatal band, which is double on some segments. 

 The whole dorsal surface of the larvfe, just after moulting and for a day or 

 so, is dark green, but afterwards becomes less dark in colour, the skin 

 below spiracle.^ being still paler. In some specimens the skin between 

 the lateral stripe and the stigmatal band is quite dark, almost black. 

 The cervical i-hield is concolorous with body. The feet are all pale 

 green, the fir^t pair of abdominal prolegs aborted. The thoracic feet 

 bear black plates exteriorly. 



On the iQih May several were swollen, and by the morning of the 

 20th four had moulted. The remaining specimens had all moulted 

 by the 21st. 



Stage III. — Length, 10 mm. The general appearance of the larvae 

 in this stage is much the same as just after last moult. Head i.o to i.i 

 mm. wide, slightly bilobed, the two spots, one on each cheek, in all 

 but a itw specimens are now joined together, and appear as one 

 large conspicuous mark shaped like a dumbbell. The face is shiny 

 and of the same brownish yellow as before ; the brownish blotches, as in 

 last stage, are also present over the whole face ; ocelli black ; mandibles 

 reddish. Body of a rather geometrid appearance, colour above spiracles 

 dark grayish green, below spiracles lighter green. The dorsal and lateral 

 stripes are faintly bluish. The tubercles are black and very small. The 

 stigmatal band now appears as a double stripe, joined together at the 

 junction of each segment, and resembles a chain of links. The space 

 between the double stigmatal stripe and the lateral stripe is darker than 

 the dorsal area, and in some specimens this space is almost black, giving 

 the appearance of a wide, black, lateral band. The si)iracles are pale, 

 ringed with black. Cervical shield concolorous with body. 'J'horacic 

 feet and prolegs concolorous with venter, bearing short pale hairs. 

 Claspers of abdominal and anal feet reddish. The first two pairs 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 19 



of abdominal feet are fully formed in this stage, and are used by 

 the larvEe when walking. Thoracic feet blackish at tips ; abdominal feet 

 shaded with black towards base. The larvae do not change during this 

 stage, and remain the same colour as just after moulting. They still have 

 the habit of assuming the sphinx-like attitude. 



On the 23rd May some specimens were swollen, and by the 25th all 

 but four had moulted. These passed the third moult soon afterwards. 



Stage /K — Length, 17 mm. Head r.5 to 1.6 mm. wide, very 

 slightly biiobed. The larvis in tliis stage do not show any difference 

 from the last stage. The markings are exactly the same, no 

 change whatever could be detected. The dorsal area is perhaps a 

 little darker than in Stage III. 



On the 27th May four specimens were swollen, and these had 

 moulted by the morning of the 28th. The remaining lirvse moulted 

 during the next two days. 



Stage V. — Length, 21 mm. Head 2.0 to 2.2 mm. wide. In this 

 stage also the larvae do not show any material difference from Stage III. 

 The whole dorsal surface is rather darker, and, in coiisequence, the 

 black band on the sides does not apiiear so conspicuous. The whole 

 skin above the spiracles is a dull-grayish green, finely mottled with black. 

 The lateral stripe is fainter than before. The centre of the spiracle is 

 pale orange in this stage, but ringed, as before, with black. 



On the 31st May two larvte passed the fifth moult, and the remaining 

 specimens within the next few days. 



Stage VI. — Length, 27 mm. The larvK in this stage are very 

 different from the last three stages. Head 3.1 to 3.4 mm. wide, 

 brownish, very slightly biiobed, shiny ; almost the whole upper surface of 

 each cheek consists of one large, black, elongated spot. Between the two 

 large spots the face is darker brown than the lower front of head, and is 

 reticulated with the same colour. On the lower front and sides there are 

 also some darker brown blotches ; ocelli black ; setse pale and slender j 

 at base of each hair there is a small dark brown spot. The head in the 

 last three stages becomes darker with each moult. Body cylindrical ; 

 dorsal and lateral stripes, as well as the black band between lateral 

 stripe and spiracles, are very faint now, the dorsal stripe being the most 

 perceptible. The whole skin above the spiracles is now one mass 

 of beautiful, small, wavy, black dashes, spots and blotches, the skin itself 

 being of a dull yellowish gray, a pale reddish brown, or a dull grayish 




20 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



green, the shade varying in ahnost each larva. Superficially, however, 

 the colour is much the same, and does not vary to a striking 

 extent. On all the specimens there is a distinct purplish or reddish 

 sheen between the segments. The venter in all the specimens is paler 

 than the dorsum. Cervical shield darker than body. Tubercles small, 

 black, normal ; setae pale and slender. Tubercle iv behind the spiracle. 

 Spiracles black, with a pale centre. Feet concolorous with venter ; 

 thoracic feet shiny ; claspers of prolegs blackish. 



Length of mature larva at rest, 35 rnm.; extended, 42 mm.; width 

 at widest part, 5.75 mm. 



On the 13th June four larvae buried, on the 14th two, on the i6th 

 two, and the remaining specimens soon afterwards. Pupation takes place 

 within an earthen cell. 



Pupa. — Average length, 17 mm.; width, 5.5 mm.; colour almost a 

 warm sepia brown, polished ; thorax, wing-cases, etc., finely wrinkled with 

 transverse lines ; abdomen polished, the segments pitted anteriorly. 

 Cremaster stout, darker than abdomen, rugose, excavated beneath, with 

 two slender straight spines, about 0.7 mm. in length, at the tip. These 

 spines are pointed downwards, and are distinctly curved at the end. 



The first moth emerged (in a cool cellar) on the 17th Feb., 1902, 

 and four other specimens emerged on the 12th May, which is the natural 

 time for the imago to appear (Ottawa, April 29, May 4, 7, 10, 21, 23, 

 25, 29, Fletcher, Young, Gibson; Toronto, Ont., May 9, 17, Gibson; 

 Trenton, Ont., May 24, Fletcher; Chats Rapids, Que., May 24, Gibson). 



On the 25th May, 1901, two larvie of this species were found on the 

 common Beaked Hazelnut (Corylus rostrata, Ait. j on the Experimental 

 Farm, and had only emerged from the egg a few days. These were reared 

 to maturity (the larvie being fed solely on this plant), and the caterpillars 

 answered well to those described above, the only apparent difference 

 being that in Stage I the cervical shield was partly margined with black. 



THE OCCURRENCE OF THF PHORU^J GENUS AENIG- 



M ATI AS IN AMERICA. 



PY D. W. COQUILI.ETT, WASHINGTON, D. C. 



The occurrence in Arizona of a lepresentative of a very anomalous 

 wingless genus of Phoridie, of which but a single specimen was heretofore 

 known, and that found beneath a stone in such a widely-separated 

 locality as Denmark, is a problem in geographical distribution very 

 difficult of solution. During the entomological excursion of Messrs. E. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 21 



A. Schwarz and H. S. Barber to portions of New Mexico and Arizona in 

 the summer of lyoi, while coUecling at the base of a hill at Flagstaff, 

 Arizona, Mr. Barber obtained in his sweeping net a single specimen of 

 the cockroach-like genus Aenigmatias. This specimen agrees closely 

 with Dr. Meinert's original description and figures of his Aenigmatias 

 biattoides*, except that it has only six instead of seven body-segments, 

 not counting the genitalia. Thinking that perhaps an error had been 

 made by the engraver, and that the description had been made conform- 

 able to the engraved figure, I addressed a letter on the subject to Dr. 

 Meinert, who, under date of November 18, 1902, writes me that, in 

 company with his assistant, Mr. Boving, he again examined the unique 

 specimen and found that his published figures and descriptions are 

 correct, and that the specimen really has seven distinct body-segments. 

 In the genus Phora the male has normally six abdominal segments, while 

 in the females of the various species the number ranges from four to six, 

 according to the species. Dr. Meinert does not state the sex of his 

 specimen, but the figures apparently indicate a male, although Prof. Mik 

 has expressed the opinion that they probably represent the female, and 

 that the winged Platyphora Lubbocki, Verrall, may be the male of the 

 same species. The Arizona specimen also appears to be a male, and in 

 addition to the fewer number of segments in the abdomen, possesses 

 several minor differences, which indicate that it is specifically distinct 

 from the Danish species. 



Of its habits nothing is known beyond the fact that it occurred on 

 low vegetation in a locality where no ant-nests could be found, although 

 search was made for them. No stones nor rocks occurred in the 

 immediate vicinity, the nearest approach being the small pieces of lava 

 scattered about, but these were too small to conceal an ant-nest. 



The new form may be characterized as follows : 

 Aenigmatias Sc/iwarzii, new species. 



Dark yellow, the posterior part of the body-segments brown, most 

 extended on the apical part of the abdomen, where it covers the genitalia 

 and the greater portion of the last two segments ; upper side of body 

 opaque, distinctly whitish pruinose, and with a short, sparse, yellowish- 

 white pubescence, a row of short black bristles along the hind margin of 

 each abdominal segment and a few shorter ones scattered over the last 

 two segments ; first thoracic segment (which comprises the prothorax and 



'Entomolngiske Meddelelser 11., page 213, plate IV,, tigs, i to 6. 




22 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



mesothorax) slightly over twice as long as the second, the latter almost 

 twice as long as the first abdominal segment and subeqiial to the second ; 

 about two-thirds as long as the third, the fourth segment deeply 

 emarginate in the middle, at which point it is slightly shorter than the 

 first abdominal segment ; greatest vertical diameter of abdomen scarcely 

 more than that of the thorax, venter convex (and without the blackish 

 protuberance shown in Dr. Meinert's figure 2); head sparsely clothed with 

 a short yellowish-white pubescence, a row of black postocular bristles 

 extends from upper end of each eye to the oral margin, apices of palpi 

 beset with a dense cluster of black bristles ; legs beset with short, black, 

 bristly hairs, femora very robust; length, 1.5 mm. 



Collected July 5, 1901, at Flagstaff, Arizona, by Mr. H. S. Barber, 

 at whose request the species is dedicated to Mr. E. A. Schwarz, whose 

 careful investigations have brought to light so many rare and interesting 

 forms in all orders of insects. Type No. 6703, U. S. National Museum. 



NOTES ON THE COCCIDtE. 



BV MRS. C. H. FERNALD, AMHERST, MASS. 



In an article on the genus Lecanium, published in the Canadian 

 Entomologist, Vol. 34, p. 177 (1902), I stated that I inferred that Costa 

 proposed generic names for the Coccid?e in his Prospetto di una nuova 

 descrizione metodica del genera Coccus L., a work I had not seen at that 

 time, as no copy could be found in the libraries of this country or in 

 London. Mr. Fernald has, however, recently secured a copy of this 

 exceedingly rare work, published in 1828, from Naples, Italy. 



Costa in his Prospetto published in 1828 proposed and described 

 three genera. These were Ca/ym//iata, Diaspis and Diaprosteci. As 

 this last is only a vernacular name, it need not be considered, although 

 the author gave Coccus adonidum, L., as an illustration. Calymmata was 

 divided into Monaspidae and Polyaspidae. Under this genus the author 

 mentioned several species as illustrations. The genus Diaspis was 

 described, but as no species were mentioned or referred to, it is without a 

 type so far as the Prospetto is concerned. There is therefore nothing in 

 this work to affect the classification of the Coccidse. 



In his Nuove Osservazioni intorno alle Cocciniglie, published in 

 1835, Costa used Calypticu% hesperiduin in some places and Calyminatus 

 hesperidum in others, while he used Dactylopius instead of Diaprosteci 

 of the Pros{)etto. In the Fauna del Regno di Napoli, he divided the 

 Coccidfe into three genera, Calyptictis, Dactylopius and Diaspis, each of 

 which was described and with well-known and fairly well described 

 species under them. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 23 



CASSIDA VIRIDIS, LINNRUS. 



In the October number of the Canadian Entomologist, I told 

 of the appearance at Levis of a tortoise-beetle new to this Province. 



A question as to the identity of this insect having been raised, 

 I asked Professor E. A. Popenoe, of Kansas State Agricultural College 

 (to whom 1 was sending specimens), for his opinion upon it. I als<) sent 

 specimens to the Coleopterist of the British Museum, with a like request. 

 Both gentlemen very kindly answered me. 



Mr. Popenoe wrote : " In Redtenbacher's Fauna Austriaca, the 

 only general European work on the species within my reach, there is 

 a very good analytical table and fairly full descriptions of the species 

 within the limits of the work, and I find your specimens to agree wiih his 

 description of Cassida equestris, Fab., of which he places C. viridis, L., 

 as a synonym. I am satisfied that your determination is correct. Redt. 

 says the margin of the abdomen is yellow, and it is so in one ot your 

 specimens, though not distinctly so in the other." 



Mr. Chas. O. Waterhouse replied : " I have carefully examined the 

 Cassida you sent me, and I am sure it is our common thistle species, 

 Cassida viridis, L." 



I am glad to find that my reading and my early recollections of the 

 English insect did not mislead me. 



In Illustrations of the Linnean Genera of hisects, by W. Wood, 

 Vol. I., there is a coloured representation of C. viridis, and in the 

 Rev. J. G. Wood's Insects at Home, Fig. xxiii., the insect is shown in 

 its different stages. 



C. viridis, like the fly, Pegomyia bicolor, and the moth, Metzneria 

 lappella, was probably brought out in supplies of fodder for cattle sent to 

 this country. — Thomas W. Fyle.s, Levis, P. Que. 



BOOK NOTICE. 



A Natural History of the British Lepidoptera, Vol. III. — By J. 



W. Tutt, F. E. S. Demy 8 vo , 558 + xii. pp. Price, jT^x net. 



Swan, Sonnenschein & Co., Paternoster Square, London, E. C. 

 The third volume of Tutt's British Lepidoptera has appeared, and is 

 fully up to the standard of the first two volumes. The superfamily 

 Lachneides is completed, the superfamilies Dimorphides ( Endromides), 

 Atiacides and a part of the superfamily Sphingides are finished, 




24 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



The references to literature, ancient and modern, seem to leave 

 nothing more to be desired in this respect ; in fact, the amount of labour 

 performed and research that has been made seems almost appalling, and 

 we wonder whether the author has the strength and endurance to carry 

 such an undertaking through to completion. 



This work may well be taken as a model by one who is less 

 experienced, provided he does not follow it too closely and thus destroy 

 his own originality of thought and plan. 



Under each superfamily is given a very complete history of the 

 classifications of the different authors. These are carefully discussed, and 

 when the author differs from others, he does not hesitate to express his 

 convictions. 



Many of our old familiar names have disappeared, and are to be 

 found only among the tail-feathers of synonymy. This is, however, 

 strictly in accordance with the law of priority, and if any of us feel 

 unreconciled to this, we may well ask ourselves whether we are to keep 

 up with the trend of modern scientific thought or fall by the way. 



Under each species is given the synonymy and references to 

 literature, so full and complete that we can hardly imagine anything of 

 importance to have been overlooked. Then follows the original 

 description in the language in which it was published, and this is 

 followed by the author's description of the imago. There is then given a 

 full account of sexual dimorphism and gynandromorphism, more than five 

 pages being devoted to gynandroniorphous examples oi Amorpha popiili., 

 L. Variation is also taken up very fully with all the forms described and 

 named, and this requires seven pages for A. populi alone. A complete 

 account is given of the time, place and manner in which the eggs are laid, 

 followed by a full description of the egg, the larva in each "stadium," 

 and variations of the larva, pupation and cocoon, pupa, fuod-plants, 

 parasites, habitats, time and place of appearance and distribution. 



While this work must prove indispensable to the entomologist who 

 desires full information on the Lepidoptera of the British Isles, it will be 

 exceedingly valuable to students of the Lepidoptera in the United States 

 and elsewhere, because of the exhaustive study of the literature of 

 the genera and higher groups, and the careful and conscientious manner 

 in which the autiior applies the laws of nomenclatDre. — C. H. Fernald. 



Mailed January 5th, 1903. 





Can, tNT., Vol. XXXV. 



Plate 2. 



CUO))K-vu.tl. dd. 



THE STRAWBERRY ALEYRODES (A, Packardi, M, SP.). 




\\t €anatlmn mntoniolo^bt. 



Vol. XXXV. 



LONDON, FEBRUARY, 1903. 



No. 2 



LIFE-HISTORY AND DESCRIPTION OF THE STRAWBERRY 

 ALEYRODES, ALEYRODFS PACKARDI, N. SP. 



AUSTIN W. MORRILL, B. S., ENIOMOLOGICAL LABORATORY, I\I ASSACHL'SETTS 



AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. 



This species has hitherto been considered identical with Aieyrodes 

 vaporariorum, the common greenhouse Aieyrodes of the tomato, 

 cucumber, etc. A critical study of all the stages of both the greenhouse 

 Aieyrodes and the strawberry Aieyrodes, made at the Entomological 

 Laboratory of the Massachusetts Agricultural College, has resulted in 

 finding structural differences between the two species in all the stages, 

 except the egg and adult. These differences may be tabulated as follows: 

 A. vaporariorum, Westw. A. Fackardi, n. sp. 



In the above table the spines on the cephalic region of the dorsum 

 are designated as {\\q first dorsal pair; those on the sides of the first or 

 third (first instar) abdominal segment as the .fi?^^?;/^/ dorsal pair; and those 

 which occur one on each side of the vasiform orifice the third dorsal 

 pair. (In the reproduction of the drawings the second pair of dorsal 




26 THE CA.NADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



spines of the first instar and the first pair of dorsal spines of the pupa 

 were, unfortunately, omitted, see plate 2.) 



I have never seen an Alcyrodes vaporariorutn on a strawberry plant 

 out of doors. Specimens of Aleyrodes from Kentucky were recently 

 received through Prof. C. H. Fernald from Prof. Garman on strawberry 

 leave?, and were found to be identical with the common strawberry 

 Aleyrodes of this locality. Experiments thus far have shown that 

 Aleyrodes vaporariorum when transferred in the first instar to a straw- 

 berry plant will live and develop all the characters of those which feed 

 on the more natural food-plants of the species, while at three different 

 times crawling larvae of the strawberry Aleyrodes were transferred to fresh 

 leaves of a growing tomato plant, and all died within a few days, 

 apparently without taking any food. That the Aleyrodes vaporariorum 

 does not naturally feed on the strawberry is shown by the fact that a 

 strawberry plant in a pot remained for over six months in a greenhouse 

 thickly infested with that species and less than half a dozen Aleyrodes 

 matured on its leaves, upon which even the imagoes were very rarely ob- 

 served resting. It does not seem strange that where the natural food-plants 

 were so thickly infested an egg should occasionally be deposited on other 

 plants. 



Iricidentally it might be mentioned that /// this locality the straw- 

 berry Aleyrodes in all its stages, including the egg, averages a little larger 

 in size than the greenhouse Aleyrodes (Aleyrodes vaporariorum). 



Egg (Plate 2, Fig. 1). 



The egg is irregularly oval, with one side more or less flattened ; 

 attached to the leaf by a short stalk, situated on the basal or more 

 broadly-rounded end, usually a little to one side of the centre, toward the 

 more rounded side. When freshly laid, the egg is pale green in colour, 

 with a rounded orange-yellow body within, in a few days changing to a 

 metallic bronze colour. The surface of the egg is unmarked. The length, 

 exclusive of the stalk, is from .23 to .24 mm.j greatest width, from .08 to 

 .095 mm. The stalk is from yk \.o y^ the length of the egg. 



The length of the egg stage depends upon the weather conditions. 

 Those laid in late fall do not hatch until the following spring, while in the 

 warm summer weather they Inilch in about eight or ten days. 



First Instar (Fig. 2). 



In the first instar the general form is oval, the anterior end being the 

 more broadly rounded, the sides of the thoracic region are approximately 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 27 



parallel, the abdomen narrowing posteriorly. Immediately after hatching, 

 the body is flat and thin, but just before the first moult it becomes well 

 rounded above. The edge of the body consists of a thin, narrow, 

 marginal rim, at the inner edge of which the body is abruptly thickened. 

 From the under side of this thin rim many minute, glistening granules can 

 be seen. The margin is entire, except for the attachments of tiie spines. 

 On each side sixteen spines arise on or near the margin of the body. 

 Excepting numbers two, seven and fourteen, counting from the anterior 

 end, these are situated at nearly regular intervals. Number two arises a 

 short distance from the margin on the under side of the body, quite close 

 to the base of one ; it is directed downward, curving toward its mate. 

 These spines are best seen from below. Number seven is separated from 

 numbers six and eight by greater intervals than occur between other 

 adjacent spines. Number fourteen arises a little nearer fifteen than 

 thirteen. Number sixteen is very long, varying in length from one-third 

 to one-half the length of the body. Number fourteen is from one-third to 

 one-half the length of sixteen. Numbers one to seven gradually 

 decrease in length. Numbers seven to thirteen are about equal in length, 

 being from one-eighth to one-tenth the length of number sixteen. Number 

 fifteen is slightly longer than thirteen. A marginal secretion of wax 

 appears soon after the young larva settles down. This usually becomes 

 wide enough to cover all but the fifteenth and sixteenth pairs of spines. 

 The segmentation of the abdomen is quite distinct, that of the thorax very 

 indistinct, essentially as in the pupa-case. The vasiform orifice is about 

 as wide as long, its form being somewhat similar to an equilateral 

 triangle with rounded corners. The operculum is subelliptical in outline, 

 flattened on the basal side. The lingula is spatulate in outline, bearing 

 a number of longitudinal rows of minute setae, and on the caudo-lateral 

 margin two pairs of spines, the posterior pair being the longer. When the 

 lingula is in its natural position, the last-mentioned spines do not reach to 

 the apex of the orifice. T)ie orifice is bounded laterally by chitinous 

 thickenings, which bend toward one another, but do not unite at 

 the posterior end of the orifice. Just inside the apex of the orifice is a 

 small, glistening, crescent-sliaped structure, which may be simply a 

 chitinous thickening or an opening in the integument. There are two 

 pairs of reddish-brown eyes, a dorsal and a ventral pair, situated nearly 

 opposite each other, just mesad to the thin marginal rim, and about 

 equidistant from the fourth and fifth marginal spines on their respective 




28 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



sides of the body. There are at least tsvo pairs of minute dorsal spines. 

 One pair is situated one on each side of the third abdominal segment; 

 another pair is situated one on each side of and anterior to the operculum. 

 Each of these four spines arises from a minute papilla, which, however, in 

 certain lights, appear like cylindrical cavities or pores. From a study of 

 later instars, it seems possible that another still more minute pair of s})ines 

 occurs on the cephalic region, but I have not thus far distinguished any 

 such with certainty. The two pairs above located are not difficult to see 

 with a one-sixth inch objective. 



On the ventral side of the body the legs, antennae and mouth-parts 

 are well developed in this instar. Each leg (Fig. 3) consists of a coxa, 

 trochanter, femur, tibia and tarsus. The entire length of the leg when 

 straightened is about one-half the width of the body. The coxse are short 

 and stout, and near the base of each of the two posterior pairs on the 

 inner side is a spine about twice as long as the diameter of the coxse. 

 Trochanters short, those of the anterior pair of legs are subcylindrical, 

 about one-third as long as wide. Those of the two posterior pairs of legs 

 appear to be hoof-shaped, and all six trochanters bear a short spine 

 anteriorly. The femur is about twice as long as the coxa and trochanter 

 together, subcylindrical in form, tapering toward its outer end. The 

 tibia is a little longer than the femur, and more slender; in the two 

 posterior pairs of legs, bearing on its outer side, near its base, a spine as 

 long as the whole tibia itself. This extends obliquely outward, and 

 is usually curved near its tip. Under high-power objectives and with 

 favourable light the tibiae are seen to bear a number of very minute spines. 

 The tarsus is short and knobbed at the tip, with a stoat curved spine one- 

 half as long as that borne on the tibia, arising on the outer side near its 

 base. Diagonal lines connecting the two anterior pairs of coxte would 

 intersect at about the centre of the base of a conical papilla— the rostrum 

 — from an opening in the apex of which the mouth setse protrude. The 

 length of these setae varies, but when bent backward they usually extend 

 beyond the hind coxae. In front of these mouth organs is a prostomial 

 plate or shield, subovate in form, the broader end being anterior. It is 

 truncate where it touches the base of the mouth papilla, slightly concave 

 on the sides posteriorly, broadly rounded anteriorly, with two movable 

 papillae on the anterior margin, each of which bears a long spine, about 

 equal in length to those on the coxje of the two posterior pairs of 

 legs. From the anterior two-thirds of this plate are separated two 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 29 



lenticular side pieces by distinct sutures. On the ventral surface of the 

 abdomen, underneath the operculum, is a pair of spines, one on each side, 

 about equal in length to those which arise at the anterior end of the 

 prostomial plate. These spines extend backward, reaching nearly to the 

 caudal margin of the body. The segmentation below is not as distinct as 

 on the dorsal surface. Each antenna arises on a line with the coxae of the 

 legs of its respective side of the body and about opposite the anterior 

 margin of the prostomial plate. They consist of four segments : the 

 basal segment is short and stout ; the second segment is twice as long 

 as the first and more slender, reaching about to the margin of the body 

 when the antennae are directed outward; the third segment is very short 

 and with two or three apical spines ; the fourth segment is twice as long 

 as the second, bearing a small spine at about two-thirds the distance 

 toward the tip, and another larger one at the tip. 



The colour of the larva is pale green, semitransparent, with two 

 internal orange-yellow bodies of irregular rounded form, situated one on 

 each side in the basal abdominal region. 



The length in this instar varies from .29 to .35 mm.j the greatest 

 width, from .16 to .18 mm. 



The young larva is capable of crawling as soon as it emerges from 

 the egg. It may crawl a short distance before settling down, or it may 

 settle down quite near its place of birth. It is seldom able to crawl over 

 the larger ribs of a leaflet, being prevented by the thick hairs of the leaf. 

 After settling down it soon loses the use of its legs, and in the course of a 

 day or two the lateral wax secretion appears. The first moult takes place 

 in about five or six days. Lateral growth of the body between the moults 

 is not appreciable, increase in size seeming to result almost entirely from 

 growth in thickness. This is true of all the immature stages. Preliminary 

 to moulting, the skin appears to split around the anterior margin of the 

 body. It is then gradually moved back, aided by up-and-down move- 

 ments of the abdomen, and usually drops off entirely, sometimes, 

 however, remaining attached to the leaf Moulting appears to be a slow 

 process, two or three hours or a whole day intervening before the insect 

 is entirely freed from its moulted skin. As each portion of the body 

 becomes free from the skin, it seemingly flows out over the surface of the 

 leaf, and immediately assumes the form and horizontal dimensions which 

 continue throughout the instar. 




30 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



Second Instar. 

 In this instar the form is more variable than in the first ; broadly oval 

 to elliptical, usually with a slight incurving on each side of the thoracic 

 region. When oval, the anterior end is the more broadly rounded. The 

 margin is finely crenulate, but there is no thin marginal rim as in the first 

 instar. Immediately after moulting, the body is flat and thin, but before 

 the next moult it becomes well rounded above. Three pairs of marginal 

 spines are present: the first pair on the latero-cephalic region, one on each 

 side ; the second pair on caudo-lateral region, one on each side ; and 

 the third pair on the caudal margin. These probably represent spines 

 number one, fourteen and sixteen, respectively, of the first instar. The 

 third pair is a little more than one-tenth the length of the body, the 

 second pair is about one-fourth the length of the third pair, and the first 

 pair is even smaller than the second pair and may be difficult to distin- 

 guish. There are three pairs of minute dorsal spines : the first pair is on 

 the cephalic region, one on each side of the middle ; the second pair is 

 on the first abdominal segment, one on each side; and the third pair 

 is near the vasiform orifice, one on each side, opposite the operculum. 

 These last are somewhat larger than the first and second pairs, which in 

 some specimens may be difficult to distinguish. They are most readily 

 seen immediately after the insect has moulted. A marginal wax secretion 

 is present as in the first instar, appearing shortly after the moult. The 

 segmentation of the abdomen is fairly distinct in the middle, that of the 

 thorax more obscure. The vasiform orifice is relatively farther forward in 

 this instar than in the preceding one. This is indicated by the com- 

 paratively greater distance from the apex of the orifice to the caudal 

 margin of the body and by the fact that the spines on the dorsum, near 

 the orifice, now lie opposite the operculum, instead of anterior to it, as in 

 the first instar. The vasiform orifice is of about the same general form 

 as in the first instar. The lingula is spatulate with two pairs of side lobes 

 arid one terminal lobe. On each side of the terminal lobe arises a seta 

 or spine about one-half as long as the entire vasiform orifice. Between 

 the two pairs of side lobes on each side a smaller spine arises. The 

 upper surface of the lingula bears longitudinal rows of minute setae, as in 

 the previous instar. When in its natural position, the lingula reaches 

 nearly to the apex of the orifice. The chitinous ridges which bound the 

 orifice laterally do not meet behind, though the intervening space between 

 them is comparatively smaller than in the previous instar. The eyes are 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 31 



proportionally smaller than before, and are now situated internally, 

 instead of at the surface, as in the tirst instar. The eyes on each 

 side are about on a line with and outside of the two dorsal spines which 

 have been mentioned as present on the cephalic region. The vestigial 

 legs and antennae can be distinctly seen, their relative position being 

 as before. The antennae are directed directly backward, reaching a little 

 over one-half the distance to the base of the fore legs. They are thick at 

 the base, narrowing toward the apex, covered with numerous minute 

 papillfe. Their segmentation is indistinct, sometimes two and sometimes 

 three segments being evident. They are immovable in this as well as the 

 following immature stages. The legs are short, similar to a truncated 

 cone in form, transversely wrinkled, with no distinct segments, terminating 

 in a rounded knob, which, perhaps, functions as an adhesive disc. A few 

 minute spines occur near the bases of all three pairs of legs. The 

 mouth-parts are as before. The pair of spines at the anterior margin of 

 the prostomial plate is wanting in this instar, but the pair on the ventral 

 surface under the operculum is present as in the first instar. The colour 

 remains as in the first instar. The length varies from .41 to .45 mm.; the 

 greatest width, from .22 to .26 mm. 



The second moult takes place in from four to five days after the first. 



Third Instar. 



In this instar the form, marginal and dorsal spines, marginal wax 

 secretion, rudimentary legs, ventral spines, eyes and colour of the body 

 are as in the second instar. The vasiform orifice is longer than wide, 

 in form resembling a triangle with rounded corners. Operculum nearly 

 semicircular, reaching about one-half the distance to the apex of 

 the orifice. Lingula essentially as in the second instar. The antennae 

 arise nearer to the bases of the fore legs than in previous instars. They 

 are indistinctly segmented, thick at the base, tapering toward the tip, the 

 basal two-thirds of each is directed directly inward toward the antenna of 

 the opposite side, while the apical tiiird is bent backward toward 

 the base, the whole forming a figure not unlike the letter J. 



The length varies from .56 to .63 mm.; the greatest width, from .32 to 

 .38 mm. 



The third moult takes place in about five or six days after the second. 



Pupa* (Fig. 4). 

 The form of the pupa is broadly elliptical, the margin finely 



*As is customary in describing species of this genus, the specific characters are 

 derived from the pupa. The description of this stage is therefore made complete in 

 itself, and is sufficient to distinguish this from all other described species, 




o 



2 IHE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



crenulate ; when freshly moulted, flat and thhi, without wax secretions. 

 The bodies of the mature pupaj appear to be raised from the surface of 

 the leaf by a vertical wax fringe, the height of the body then being about 

 one-third of the width. The dorsum is rugose and nearly flat. There are 

 two pairs of marginal spines : llie first pair occurs on the caudo-lateral 

 margin, and the second pair on the caudal margin. The second pair in 

 length is between one-tenth and one-eighth the length of the body, and the 

 first pair less than one-fourth the length of the second pair. These last are 

 readily seen by clearing the pupa in xylol and mounting in xylol balsam, 

 or by boiling the pupa-case in KOH and mounting in glycerine. The 

 second pair curve upward and backward, diverging at the base, usually 

 converging posteriorly. There are three pairs of minute dorsal spines as 

 in the previous instars : the first pair is on the cephalic region ; the second 

 pair, one on each side of the first abdominal segment ; and the third pair 

 one on each side opposite the operculum of the vasiform orifice. Of the 

 three pairs, the third pair is slightly the largest. The segmentation of the 

 abdomen is fairly distinct in the middle ; that of the thorax less so. The 

 vasiform orifice is longer than broad, in form similar to a triangle with 

 rounded corners. The orifice is bounded laterally by chitinous ridges, 

 which unite posteriorly, thus differing from previous instars. The 

 operculum is hemielliptical (in the form of an ellipse cut through 

 its shortest axis), reaching from the anterior margin of vasiform orifice to a 

 little over one-half the distance toward the apex. The lingula has 

 one apical lobe and three pairs of side lobes, and is densely covered with 

 longitudinal rows of minute setfe. From the sides of the apical lobe from 

 below arise two spines, one on each side, which extend caudad beyond the 

 apex of the orifice, their length being a little less than one-half the 

 greatest width of the operculum. A second pair, less than one-fifth as 

 long as these, arises one on each side between the first and second side 

 lobes. The anterior pair of side lobes is frequently hidden by the 

 operculum. A shallow furrow extends caudad from the apex of the orifice 

 to the margin of the body. 



There is no lateral wax fringe in this instar. The dorsal wax 

 secretion consists of a double submarginal series of glassy waxen rods. 

 The rods of the inner series are never farther away from those of the outer 

 series than the width of their bases. The outer series consists of from 

 about sixty to one hundred (sixty-six to ninety-eight are the limits actually 

 observed) rods of variable length, some being very short, while others ^r^ 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 33 



three-quarters the width of the body in length. In mature pupse the rods 

 of the inner are usually longer than those of the outer series. These (the 

 inner series) are usually directed upward, and curve inward over the 

 dorsum of the body. Their length varies, rarely exceeding the width of 

 the body. The rods of the inner series usually alternate with from two to 

 five rods of the outer series, ihe average number of rods in the inner 

 series being about twenty. Irregularities in the position of the wax rods are 

 frequent; in fact, no two pupaj are exactly alike in this respect, but of the 

 hundreds examined none have been found to arise farther mesad from the 

 outer series than the width of their bases. 



On the venter the legs are indistinct, most readily seen in specimens 

 which have recently moulted. Each is short and thick like a truncated 

 cone, with a rounded disc or knob at the tip. They are transversely 

 wrinkled, and bear minute spines as in the two previous instars, and their 

 relative position remains unchanged. The rostrum (a conical, fleshy 

 papilla, from the apex of which the mouth setae protrude) is situated 

 on the middle line of the body, about one-third the distance from the 

 cephalic to the caudal margin, and nearly equidistant from the bases of the 

 four anterior legs. The antenns; now lie partly hidden in pockets 

 situated one on each side, just outside of the anterior pair of legs. They 

 are directed backward, and are straight, conical in form, the diameter of the 

 base being about one-half the length. They appear to be transversely 

 wrinkled near their apex ; no other signs of segmentation are visible. 

 There is a pair of spines situated on the ventral surface, one on each side, 

 below the operculum of the vasiform orifice, as in previous instars. 



Colour : greenish yellow ; empty pupa-cases white. Internal organs 

 in the basal abdominal region, one on each side, give to this part of the 

 body a bright yellow colour, as in previous instars. No eyes can 

 be distinguished when freshly moulted, but as the pupa matures, the 

 imaginal eyes appear as two brownish s[)ots in tne cephalic region. 



The length varies from .748 to .88 mm.; the greatest width, from .407 

 to .54 mm. 



The imagoes appear in from twelve to sixteen days. Thus, the time 

 which the insect spends in the immature stages, including the egg, is from 

 four to five weeks. 



Adult. 



$. The length of the body of the adult female varies from 1.15 to 

 1.20 mm. The colour of head and thorax is pale yellowish buff; 




34 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 



abdomen pale lemon yellow ; tip of rostrum black ; legs, rostrum, except 

 the tij), and the antennae, are of same colour as head and thorax. The 

 whole body, including appendages, is covered with a white, flour-like 

 substance, which is absent at the time of emergence from the pupa-case, 

 but appears in the course of an hour or two. This substance, presumably 

 waxy, is soluble in ether and xylol, but insoluble in alcohol and water. 

 The eyes are completely divided into an upper and a lower pair, both of 

 which are reddish brown in colour. The upper pair is smaller and 

 composed of smaller-sized facets than the lower pair. The antennae 

 consist of seven segments : first segment short and stout ; second segment 

 three times as long as the first, club-shaped, stout, with a iew slender 

 spines near the apex ; third segment over twice the length of the second, and 

 more slender ; segment four about one-fourth the length of the third and 

 narrower than it, cylindrical at the base, slightly enlarged at the tip; 

 segment five one-half as long again as four, of the same form, but 

 more elongate ; segment six slightly shorter than five, but longer than 

 four, club-shaped, more slender ; segment seven is slightly shorter than 

 six, spindle-shaped, with a small spine arising from a tubercle situated a 

 little beyond the middle, and another smaller spine arising from the tip of 

 the segment. All the segments of the antennae, except the first two and 

 the tip of the last, are ringed with chitinous ridges. The hind femur is 

 about two-thirds the length of the tibia, the tarsus is about one-third the 

 length of the tibia, and the second tarsal segment is about two-thirds the 

 length of the first tarsal segment. Average length of thfe hind femur 

 about .275 mm.; of the tibia, about .38 mm. The trochanters of the 

 posterior pair of legs are deeply grooved on the caudal side, and at the 

 bottom of the cavity thus formed arises a single stout spine, which 

 is directed upward and outward. The vasiform orifice is subcircular in 

 outline. The operculum is concave on its caudal margin, and covers the 

 anterior half of the orifice. The lingula is protruding, setose, gradually 

 enlarging distally, and squarely truncate at caudal end. The fore and hind 

 wings are each provided with a single unbranched median vein. The 

 margin of the wings is beaded all round, each bead consisting of a minute 

 globule, from the outer side of which two or three minute §etae arise. The 

 length of the fore wings is about i mm.; width, about .5 mm. The 

 rostrum is three-jointed. Ovipositor ordinary, usually bent upwards 

 when not in use. 



$. Average lengiii aoout .90 mm. Proportionately smaller than 

 female, otherwise differs only in the sexual organs. 




THE CANADIAN KNTOMOLOGJST. 35 



I have named this insect in honour of Dr. A. S. Packard, who first 

 called attention to its occurrence on strawberry plants at Amherst, Mass. 



All stages described from numerous specimens. Types of pupje and 



adults deposited in the collection of the Massachusetts Agricultural 



College. 



Bibliography. 



Aleurodes vaporarium, Pack. Am. Nat., Vol. IV., p. 686 (1871). 



Aleurodes vaporarium, Pack. Guide, p. 712 (1883). 



Aleurodes vaporarium (?), Garman. Ann. Rept. Ky. Exp. Sta., 



p. 37 (1890). 



Aleurodes vaporarium (?), Garman. xAgric. Science, Vol. V., p. 264, 



(1891). 



Aleyrodes, sp. (?), Riley. Insect Life, Vol. II., p. 17, (1892). 



Aleurodes sp. (?), Webster. Ann. Rept. Ohio Exp. Sta., p. xxxv. 

 (1894). 



Aleyrodes vaporariorum, Britton. 19th Rept. Conn. Exp. Sta., p. 203 

 (1896). 



Aleyrodes sp. (?), Slingerland. Bui. 19, Cornell Exp. Sta., p. 155 

 (1901). 



Aleyrodes vaporariorum (?), Britton. Bui. 140, Conn. Exp. Sta., pp. 



3, 10, 14, 17 (1902). 



Explanation of Plate 2. 



(All Figs, greatly enlarged.) 

 Fig. I.— Egg. 



Fig. 2. — First instar. 



Fig. 3. — Right hind leg, first instar. 



Fig. 4.- -Dorsum of the pupa. 



AN ACKNOWLEDGMENT. 

 I desire, on behalf of the Entomological Society of Ontario, to 

 publicly acknowledge its indebtedness to Mr. H. Bird, Rye, N. Y., for a 

 series of recently-bred specimens of Hydrmcia, and his magnanimous 

 liberality in so freely parting with such rare species for its benefit, that 

 cost him so much patient labour, valuable time and industrious research to 

 secure. The expertness he has attained in discovering the food-plants 

 and obscure breeding habits of this difficult genus is remarkable ; whilst 

 the perfection of scale and colour in the specimens that leave his hands is 

 indescribable, and must be seen to be fully realized. 



J. Alston jMokfat, Curator. 




36 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



IN MEMORIAM— R. J. WEITH. 



Born September 15th, 1847, i" Wroutke, Prussia; died September 

 15th, 1902, in Elkhart, Indiana. A (ew words of biography, together 

 with the sad intelh'gence of his death, have already appeared in these 

 pages ; but it seems fitting that the life of one who was well known to 

 many entomologists in America and Europe as an accurate observer, an 

 indefatigable worker, a valued correspondent, and a sincere friend, should 

 receive more than a passing notice. 



From his son, Mr. Louis E. Weith, I have obtained some further 

 facts. At an early age he was apprenticed as a barber, and from the age 

 of thirteen until a short time before his death he followed this business. 

 It was while at school, prior to his thirteenth year, that he acquired that 

 love for nature which was ever afterward the passion of his life. 



At twenty-five he came to New York ; thence he went to New 

 Orleans, afterwards to Memphis, to Chicago, and then to South Bend, 

 Indiana, where he was married. Thereafter he removed to Elkhart., where 

 he resided until his death. 



His knowledge of entomology and his skill as a field naturalist were 

 obtained by the devotion of all his spare moments (which were all too few) 

 to these ends. His chief subject of study was the parasitic Hymenoptera. 

 Of his work in this field I will leave others to speak. During the last few 

 years of his life he took up, with great enthusiasm and success, the study 

 of the life-histories of Odonata, Plecoptera and Ephemerid?e ; and it is of 

 some of the qualities of the work he did in this field that I wish to speak. 

 He began by collecting and contributing data for Williamson's Dragonflies 

 of Indiana. My correspondence with him began when he, having learned 

 that I was seeking to obtain the immature stages of a dragonfly of peculiar 

 and restricted distribution that he had found near his home, wrote me, 

 offering to find these stages for me, if I would direct his efforts. I gladly 

 wrote the few suggestions necessary, and he found the specimens wanted. 

 At mv solicitation he recorded his observations of that time for the readers 

 of this magazine, in Vol. XXXIII., pp. 252-254. During the summer of 

 1902 he studied with great diligence the life-histories of the Stoneflies and 

 Mayflies of his own locality, and made here other important discoveries 

 that still remain to be published. 



His letters, which came thick and fast during the collecting season, 

 for he was continually sending specimens, were marked by an impetuous 

 desire to know where were the gaps in our knowledge, in order that he 




THK CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 37 



might endeavour to fill some of them. Once he wrote me : "Would it not 

 be well if older students would oftener publish notices of what observa- 

 tions are needed to clear up mysteries in the life-history of this or that 

 species ? There are those, like myself, who are interested in natural 

 history and who have collected for many years, who have many good 

 chances to observe important biological facts, but who have no means of 

 knowing which of their observations are new. I have seen many things 

 the knowledge of which would have saved professional entomologists 

 much time ; but, not knowing this at the time, and not wishing to print 

 to be laughed at, I have let the observations slip. Had I not seen your 

 note on unknown dragonfly nymphs in the Canadian Entomologist 

 some time ago, the nymph of Na?inothemis had probably not yet been 

 found." And again : " I shall be glad to contribute my mite toward 

 widening the scope of our knowledge of natural history." And again, 

 when I had written him about some of Say's species of Perlidfe, unheard 

 of since Say's day, he wrote : " I am anxious to find some of the 

 missing ones." 



His diligence and application were remarkable, and his care to keep 

 his statements within the limits of his observations was most exemplary. 

 He was the best type of unprofessional entomologist. He so loved 

 nature, and trusted in the value of accurate knowledge of her ways, that 

 he was willing — nay, happy — to work and to wait, to observe and to verify 

 again and again, in order that he might be able to tell in the end the 

 simple truth. American entomology was honored by his methods, and has 

 lost one of her ablest field naturalists by his untimely death. 



James G. Needham, Lake Forest, 111. 



MALE WASP WITH FEMALE ANTENNA. 



BY W. HAGUE HARRINGTON, F.K.S.C, OTTAWA. 



Among some hymenoptera recently received from Mr. A. Gordon 

 Leavitt, of St. John, N. B., is a very interesting male of Thyreopus latipes. 

 Smith. The sexes of this genus are readily separated, as the males have 

 the anterior legs remarkably modified; the tibiie especially being developed 

 in broad shields, or leaf-like expansions. The antennae are simple in the 

 female, but those of the male have the flagellum fusiform and compressed. 

 In T. latipes the basal joints are broad, and the flagellum narrows from the 

 second joint tp the apex. Mr. Leavitt's specimen, taken at St. John, N. 




38 THE CA.NADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



B., on 29th June, 1901, was at once recognized as belonging to this 

 species, and it was only on transferring the specimen to another box that 

 it was seen to have simple antennie instead of those so characteristic of 

 the species to which it belongs. Examination with a lens established that 

 they are the 12-jointed simple antennae of a female. Indeed, the whole 

 head approaches more closely that of a female than of a male. On com- 

 paring the head carefully with those of three males at hand, it is found to 

 be less narrowed behind the eyes and somewhat flatter on the front. 

 Such aberrations may not be uncommon, but have not been observed 

 by me, and in a large proportion of the hymenoptera the sexes are so 

 alike in structure that similar modifications would not attract attention. 

 T. latipes has a wide distribution through Canada and the United States, 

 from the Atlantic to the Pacific, but the male only is known. In " The 

 Crabroninae of Boreal America," Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, XXII., i 29, Fox 

 says that T. (Crabro) vici?ius, Cress., will probably be placed as the 

 female of latipes eventually. I have not examples of this form, but the 

 description of it supports such a view, and it is known only in the female 

 sex. It is recorded by Fox from Colo., Nebr., Nev., Ariz., Cal., Oreg., 

 Mont, and Wash. In Mr. Leaviti's specimen the scape of the antennae 

 is yellow, with a black line above, as in other males of latipes ; in 

 vicimis the scape is described as yellow, sometimes spotted behind wiih 

 black. 



THE COCCINELLID GENUS SMILIA, WEISE. 



BY T. D. A. COCKEREI.L, E. LAS VEGAS, N. M. 



The small Coccinellid?e commonly known as Smilia are among the 

 more important natural enemies of the Coccida\ The name Smilia 

 properly belongs to a well-known genus of Homoi)tera, so in Science 

 Gossip, 1900, p. 606, I proposed to call the Coccinellid genus Epismilia. 

 I now learn from the Index Zoologictis that Epismilia was used in 1859 

 for a genus of Coelenterates. I therefore propose another name for 

 Smilia, Weise, namely, Microweisea. The North American species are 

 Microweisea misella (Lee), M. tnarginata (Lee), M. coccidivora 

 (Ashm.), M. ovalis (Lee), M. atronitcns (Casey), J/, minuta (Casey), 

 M. planiceps {CAsey), M rcversa (Fall); all standing in our lists under 

 Smilia. 



Stictomela, Weise, from E. Africa, and Platylcemus, Weise, are also 

 homonyms, and will have to be changed. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 39 



CLASSIFICATION OF THE FOSSORIAL, PREDACEOUS AND 



PARASITIC WASPS, OR THE SUPERFAMILY 



VESPOIDEA. 



BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD, A. M., ASSISTANT CURATOR, DIVISION OF INSECTS, 



U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



(Paper No. 12. — Continued from Vol. XXXV., p. 8.) 

 Family XXXVII.— Tiphiidns. 



By most systematists this family is still classified with the Scoliidce, 

 although separated as a distinct family by the Swedish entomologist, C. G. 

 Thomson, as early as 1874. I agree with Thomson, and believe ihe?e 

 wasps form a distinct family, easily recognized by the characters made use 

 of in my table of families. 



The genus Engycistus, Fox, based upon Myzitie rufiventris, Cresson, 

 was classified by Cresson, Cameron and Fox with the Scoliidce. Mr. Fox 

 has kindly sent me specimens for examination, male and female, and I 

 find them true Tiphiids ; they have nothing to do with the Myzinidce or 

 Scoliidce as now restricted. 



The genus Pteroinbus, Smith, still unknown to me in nature, also 

 evidently belongs here. 



Mr. Peter Cameron, in Biologia Centrali-Americana, has described a 

 number of species under the genus Epomidiopteron, De Romand. Those 

 of his species that I have recognized, however, do not belong to it, but 

 belong to the genus Paratiphia, Sichel. Epomidiopteron, De Romand, 

 is something quite different, and is apparently closely allied to Engycistus, 

 Fox. 



In habits the Tiphiidce agree with the ScoliidcB, being parasitic upon 

 ground-inhabiting beetle larvae. Tiphia inornaia, Say, attacks our 

 Lachnosterna larvfe, but it is widely distributed and must have other hosts. 



Table of Genera. 



1. Females 2. 



Males "• 



2. Marginal cell open at apex 5. 



Marginal cell closed a.i apex ; first transverse cubitus complete, tlie first 



and second cubital cell separated. 



Cubitus in hind wings interstitial with the transverse median 

 nervure, or originating Just before it ; three cubital cells in 

 front wings 3. 




40 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



Cubitus in hind wings originating before the transverse median 

 nervure 5. 



3. Hind femora not produced at apex beneath 4. 



Hind femora produced at apex beneath. 



Hind tibiae very strongly serrate on the outer 



face Engycistus, Fox. 



(Type Myzine rufiventris, Cress.) 



4. Hind tibiae denticulate or tuberculate on outer face ; the front tibiae 



produced into a long, acute spine at the 



middle Epomidiopteron, De Roraand. 



(Type E. Julii, De Romand.) 

 Hind tibiiB 7iot serrate on the outer face, the front tibite normal, 



unarmed Pterombrus, Smith. 



(Ty]3e P. aenigma, Smith.) 



5. Front wings with two cubital cells 6. 



Front wings with three cubital cells. 



Cubitus more or less obliterated at its origin ; second and third 

 cubital cells each receiving a recurrent nervure, the first 

 recurrent nervure strongly curved or angularly broken by 

 a stump of a vein and received by the second cubital cell at 

 its basal third ; tegulffi abnormally large ; mandibles bidentate ; 



claws cleft Paratiphia, Sichel. 



(Type P. albilabris, Sichel ) 



6. First transverse cubitus entire, not angularly broken by a stump of a 



vein; middle tibiae with only oie apical spur Tiphia, Fabricius. 



(Type T. femorata, Fabr.) 



7. First transverse cubitus entire, not obliterated at base, the first and 



second cubital cells distinctly separated 8. 



First transverse cubitus obliterated at base, the first and second cubital 

 cells more or less confluent 9. 



8. Cubitus in hind wings interstitial with the transverse median nervure 



or originating just before it; hind tibise serrate, the tarsi very 



long Engycistus, Fox. 



Cubitus in hind wings originating a little before the transverse median 

 nervure. 



Hind tihia2 denticulate or tuberculate on outer 



face Pterombrus, Smith. 



Hind tibiae not serrate on outer face, the tarsi 



normal Epomidiopteron, De Romand. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 41 



9. Three cubital cells, the second not longer than the 



third Paratiphia, Sichel. 



Two cubital cells, the second very transverse Tiphia, Fabricius. 



Family XXXVIIL— Cosilid*. 

 This family is based upon the genus Cosi/a, Gue'rin, described in 

 1839 from Chile. The affinities are most perplexing, although apparently 

 closely allied to the Myzinidcp., Scoliid(z and Tiphiidce. The middle coxae, 

 however, are much closer together than in those families ; the eyes in both 

 sexes are etitire, not eniarginate within ; the venation of the wings, too, 

 is different, while the male genitalia is quite characteristic and totally 

 different from that in the families mentioned. In having the eyes entire 

 in both sexes, it agrees with the family Tiphiid(Z, but may be easily 

 separated by coxal characters, by venation and by the unarmed hypopy- 

 gium of the males. 



I have also placed in this family the genus Fedtschenkia, Saussure, 

 unknown to me in nature. Both Saussure and Andre', however, place it 

 with the Mutillidiv, and Mr. Ernest Andre has even gone so far as to 

 make it the type of a subfamily — the Fedtschenkiince. My reason for 

 differing from these eminent authorities is that the female is winged, while 

 all known females in the Thynnido', Myrmosidce. and MutillidiE are 

 always wingless, never winged. The abdomen in the male, too, is unarmed 

 and totally unlike that in the Mutillidce and allied families, a most 

 important character, which, in my opinion, is sufficient to exclude it from 

 any of those families. 



Table of Genera. 



1. Front wings with two cubital cells 2. 



Front wings with three cubital cells 3. 



2. First cubital cell about thrice as long as the second, receiving the first 



recurrent nervure at its apical third ; pronolum shorter than the 

 mesonotum ; scutellum ivith lateral keels ; metathorax striate, the 



sides toothed • • Nursea, Cameron. 



(Type N. carinata, Cam.) 

 First cubital cell about twice as long as the second, receiving the first 

 recurrent a little beyond its middle ; submedian cell slightly shorter 

 than the median ; pronotum not shorter than the mesonotum ; 

 parapsidal furrows distinct ; scutellum without lateral keels ; meta- 

 thorax not striate, but with a delicate median keel and keeled at 

 sides, the spiracles small, rounded ; abdomen fusiform, with a 




42 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



constriction between the first and second segments, the first segment 

 trapezoidal, convex above, not longer than wide at apex. ^ ( $ 



unknown) Sierolomorpha, Ashmead. 



(Type Sierola ambigua, Ashm.) 



3. Second and third cubital cells each receiving a recurrent nervure.. . .4. 

 Second cubital receiving both recurrent nervures. 



Claws cleft ; marginal cell not separated from the costa at apex ; 

 first joint of flagellum a little shorter than the second. 



S • Cosila, Guerin. 



(Type C. Chilensis, Guer.) 



4. Claws cleft, or with a tooth or lobe at base beneath 5. 



Claws simple 6. 



5. Claws with a tooth beneath ; head large, quadrate or nearly, armed 



with a tooth on each side beneath Dicrogenium, Stadelman. 



(Type Pristocerus rosmarus, Stadelm.) 

 Claws usually cleft ; head transverse, unarmed. 



Claws not dilated into a rounded lobe at base ; hind tibiae serrate; 

 marginal cell at apex rounded, separated from the costa and 

 usually with an appendage ; cubitus in hind wings originating 



before the transverse median nervure. $ Cosila, Sichel. 



Claws dilated into a rounded lobe at base ; hind tibiae with the 

 superior margin tuberculate, crenate and pilose or spined 

 between the tubercles ; third cubital cell anteriorly not dilated. 



Marginal cell at apex entire Callosila, Saussure. 



(Type Myzine signata. Smith.) 

 Marginal cell at apex strongly truncate. . . Colobosila, Sichel. 



(Type C. fasciculata, Sich.) 



6. Head not large, quadrate, quite differently shaped 7. 



Head very large, quadrate; ocelli subtriangularly arranged ; mandibles 



short, stout, bidentate ; antennas short, inserted on the anterior part 

 of the face, the scape stout; marginal cell hardly as long as the first 

 cubital cell, rounded at apex, the submedian cell much longer than 



the median Maurillus, Smith. 



(Type M. australis. Smith.) 



7. Head subglobose, the ocelli close together in a triangle ; mandibles 



tridentate ; antennae inserted close to the anterior margin of the 

 head, filiform, tlie scape longer than joints 2 and 3 united ; marginal 

 cell long, subtruncate at apex ; median and submedian cells equal ; 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 43 



cubitus in hind wings originating beyond the transverse median 



nervure Fedtschenkia, Saussure. 



(Type F. grossa, Sauss.) 

 Head transverse, seen from in front longer than wide; the eyes large, 

 occupying the whole side of the head, and extending from base of 

 mandibles to vertex ; mandibles bidentate, the outer tooth much 

 longer than the inner; maxillary palpi 4-jointed, labial palpi 3-jointed; 

 antennfe 12-jointed, rather long, the flagellum subclavate, inserted 

 on the anterior margin of the head ; pronotum considerably longer 

 than the mesonotum, the latter with two widely separated furrows ; 

 scutellum fully one-third longer than the mesonotum ; metathorax 

 long, obliquely rounded off posteriorly ; abdomen fusiform, a little 

 longer than the head and thorax united, with a constriction between 



the first and second segments Isotiphia, Ashmead, gen. nov. 



(Type I. nigra, Ashm.) 

 I. Isotiphia nigra, sp. nov. ? . — Length 4 mm. Polished black, 

 the head and the mesonotum with some sparse punctures, the metathorax 

 rugulose ; antennse brownish, towards apex black; tips of tibiae and 

 tarsi testaceous ; wings hyaline, with a fuscous cloud through the 

 discoidal cells, and another through the second and third cubital 

 cells and the disk of the wings. 



Brazil : Sanlarem. One specimen. 



Family XXXIX.— Rhopalosomidse. 



The writer established this family in 1896. It was based upon Rho- 

 palosoma Poeyi, Cresson, a most singular looking wasp, that, on account 

 of its colour, the subemarginate eyes and the prominent ocelli, resembles 

 an ichneumon-fly of the subfamily Ophionime. Mr. Cresson described it 

 as a Braconid. It is, however, a true aculeate, and shows some affinity 

 with the Myrmosidct and Mnti/Iidce, through such genera as Brac/iyci^tis, 

 Tric/iolabioides, Fhoiopsis, Magrettina, etc. 



The family was very fully discussed in my paper entitled " Rhopalo- 



somidye, a new family of fossorial wasps," published in the Proceedings of 



the Washington Entomological Society, Vol. III., 1896, pp. 303-9. 



The only genus known may be recognized by the following charac- 

 ters : 



Eyes emarginate within; antenn^ie long, slender, the joints of the flagellum 

 long, cylindrical, each joint with two spurs at apex within ; front wings 

 with two oblong, closed cubital cells, the second receiving the recurrent 




44 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



nervure a little before the middle ; abdomen long, clavate, the petiole 

 very long; legs long, the tibial spurs i, 2, 2, very long and straight; 

 tarsi long, the middle and hind tarsi with joints 2-4 broad and dilated, 

 densely pubescent beneath, subemarginate and armed with some stiff 



spurs at apex ; claws long, curved Rhopalosoma, Cresson. 



(Type R. Poeyi, Cr.) 



TUTT'S "BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA " — A REPLY TO DR. 



DYAR. 



It is in no spirit of carping criticism that I write in reply to Dr. 

 Dyar's remarks on the 3rd volume of Mr. Tutt's British Lepidoptera. 

 Far otherwise, for I have always considered myself as one of his disciples, 

 as it was his and Dr. Chapman's stimulating work on Lepidopterous 

 larvfe that first aroused my interest in this branch of entomology, and my 

 chief object in the following remarks is a desire to arrive at a clearer 

 understanding, in view of future work. Unfortunately, owing to the 

 extremely limited time at my disposal, I am not nearly so well versed in 

 the literature of my subject as I should be, it being a question of choosing 

 between first-hand work, at the risk of repeating through ignorance 

 of what another has already done, or acquiring a fuller knowledge of what 

 other workers are doing. I have chosen the former, and this must be my 

 excuse if I have missed some important work of Dr. Dyar's that has 

 already settled some of the points I raise. 



With regard to tubercle v of the Sphinges, I gladly acknowledge that 

 the error which led Mr. Tutt astray was chiefly mine, as Mr. Tutt was in 

 this instance largely relying on my notes. I am the more ready to take 

 this action in that by so doing I find myself in company with Dr. Dyar 

 himself, my mistake being, perhaps, somewhat analogous to the mistake so 

 readily acknowledged by him with reference to his statement of the 

 absence of tubercle iv. in the Saturniids (" Additional Notes on the 

 Classification of Lepidopterous LarvK," Transactions of the Neiv York 

 Academy of Sciences, 1894, Vol. XIV., p. 51). Tubercle v. on the 

 abdominal segments of Sphingid larvae is, normally, not only moved up to 

 the level of the spiracle, but is, in addition, shifted forward until it is 

 situated almost on the verge of the anterior edge of the segment, and it 

 was owing to this unusual position and the fact of there being an accessory 

 tubercle in this position in Lachneid larv{« which led me astray. Almost 

 before the volume had left the binder's hands, an examination of some 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 45 



notes I had made some time previously, but forgotten, with regard to the 

 ist instar of Sesia ( Macroglossa) stellatarum, caused me to doubt the 

 correctness of our conclusion, and the opportunity of examining larvae of 

 Bemaris tityiis (bomhyliforini:) and Hyles ( Deilephila) eiiphorbice in 

 their first skins has proved to me that Dr. Dyar's view is undoubtedly 

 correct. In its first instar, the larva of Sesia stellaiarmn has tubercle v. 

 on the first abdominal segment below the level of the spiracle, although 

 still at a higher level than iv. It is definitely situated on the lateral 

 flange, which on this segment bends upwards towards the anterior margin. 

 Much the same condition also obtains in the same segment in Hemaris 

 tityus, V. being on the lateral flange in front of iv. and below the level of the 

 spiracle ; while \\\ Hyles eiiphorbite iv. and v. on the first abdominal segment 

 are consolidated at base, the two setai being a very short distance apart 

 and both rising from a small oval plate beneath the spiracle. 



The next point raised is with regard to the union of tubercles iv. and 

 v., or, more correctly speaking, their inclusion within the limits of a group 

 of hairs on a raised skin area or wart beneath the spiracle, on the larva of 

 Lasiocampa querais and Pachygastria trifolii. This union or inclusion 

 is a condition which, as Mr. Dyar himself has shown, is of not infrequent 

 occurrence in some groups of Lepidoj^tera, and is met with in many 

 different stages of development, e. g., from the condition obtaining 

 in Anthrocera (Zygoma), where, in the second stadium, iv. and v., without 

 becoming appreciably nearer together than they were in the ist larval 

 stage, are surrounded by an irregular group of secondary setae, the whole 

 group being situated on a slightly-raised skin area, to the definite sharply 

 outlined and more or less raised wart, a condition such as obtains in 

 Saturniids or certain larviB of the Pterophorina. In at least one species of 

 the latter group (I think Mai-asmarcha phceodaciyla is an example) this 

 inclusion of iv. and v. is beautifully demonstrated owing to the primary 

 setae having black bases, while the secondary setae have pale ones. Now 

 Dr. Dyar, without directly contradicting such an union or inclusion of iv. 

 and V. within the limits of a single subspiracular wart in Pachygastria 

 trifolii, calls it in question, and I would ask if he has examined the larva 

 of this species in its first instar. Fortunately, I have by me specimens of 

 this larva roughly mounted for the microscope, and I have carefully 

 re-examined the same, and can find only the three many-haired warts 

 mentioned near the spiracle, viz., iii. above it, the accessory perpen- 

 dicular, and the subspiracular wart which I take to contain within its 




46 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



limits the primary setae iv. and v. I can find no trace of any small 

 tubercles, single-haired or otherwise, in proximity to the spiracle or these 

 warts. I may here remark that the ist stage oi P. trifolii shows a much 

 more primitive condition than that of Z. guercus, the warts being smaller 

 and bearing fewer hairs, while the absence of any secondary hairs arising 

 from the general skin surface obviates the difficulty of discriminating 

 between primary and secondary characters that one finds in the last named 

 species. Had I not examined the larva of P. trifolii I should not have 

 written " iv. + v. almost post-spiracular " with regard to Z. quercus, as 

 without this key, any of the numerous secondary hairs in proximity to the 

 spiracle might be taken for either iv. or v., or single hairs might have been 

 chosen for both and the large wart designated as a secondary character. 

 Unless, therefore, my eyesight is greatly at fault we must either consider 

 iv. and v. to be included within the subspiracular wart of P. trifolii, and 

 by analogy within tiiat of L.querms^ox conclude that one of them has been 

 lost ; and, in view of what Dr. Dyar has said in regard to the possible loss 

 of V. in the Sphinges and what we know as to the ready tendency of iv. 

 and v. to become members of a common group of sette in certain groups 

 of larvae, and the ])ossibility of their becoming consolidated on a single 

 segment of a larva of one species or tribe (see previous remarks re Hyles 

 ( Deilephila) euphorbice), tiie line of least resistance is surely greatly in 

 favour of the first-named conclusion. My slide showing a ist stage larva 

 of P. trifolii is at Dr. Dyar's disposal should he care to examine it. 



On the (juestion of whether the first stage of Aglia tan is to be 

 considered a specialized one, I must join issue with Dr. Dyar on two 

 points: firstly, as regards the very restricted meaning attached by him to 

 the words " Primitive first stage." This would bring the first skin larvae 

 of such species as Staiiropus fagi and Dicramira vinula within the 

 category of having a primitive or unspecialized first stadium. Even if it 

 were possible to get a majority of entomologists to accept this sense, it 

 would still be entirely at variance with the sense in which these words 

 would be understood by biologists at large. Secondly, even if we accept 

 the special meaning in which Dr. Dyar uses the term, the condition 

 implied is >iot present in the ist instar of Aglia tau. Not only are the 

 large horns identifiable with tubercle i. on the meso- and meta-thoracic 

 segments and the transversely conjoined i.+i. belonging to the 

 right and left sides of the 8th abdominal segment bear set^e on their 

 lower lateral branches, besides those on the terminal forks, but the raised 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST; 47 



bases of iii. and iv. are forked and bear two setae and there are alsa 



additional secondary set?e rising from the general skin surface that are in 



no way associated with the primary tubercles. I have preserved but 



unmounted larvse of this species in their ist instar, and as with P. trifolii 



I shall be glad to forward them to Dr. Dyar if he desires to examine 

 them. 



There does not appear to be any issue between us with regard to 



Dimorpha, but I should like to enquire as to what is inferred by the 

 remark " but it does not suggest the Laclmeidce nor Liparidce proper.'' 

 Are we to understand this as denoting a relationship between these two 

 groups other than the general one in that both belong to the same order? 



A. Bacot. 

 154 Lower Clapton Road, London N.E., England, Dec. 7th, 1902. 



A NEW SPECIES OF HYPOL.EPUS, KIRBY. 



BY J. CHESTER BRADLEY, PHILADELPHIA, PA. 



HypoicBpus Viereckii, sp. nov. — -Dark, abdomen white beneath, legs 

 partly white, wings hyaline, nervures white at base. Length, 7-8 mm. 



9 • — Head shining black ; face below the insertion of the antennae, 

 a narrow band between the antennae and the eyes, head above the eyes, 

 and the temples, white; antennae black, nine-jointed, third slightly arcuate, 

 thicker and longer than the fourth, which is in turn longer than the fifth, 

 and so on to the last. Thorax shining black, laterally in front of wings 

 white ; wings hyaline, nervures brown, whitish at base of wing ; first 

 transverse cubitus transparent, without colour, second submarginal cell 

 receiving two recurrent nervures, lanceolate cell petiolate, only one 

 marginal cell ; legs dark brown, all coxae and trochanters, tibiae except 

 tips and basal third of posterior femora, white ; posterior tibiae slightly 

 enlarged, longitudinally sulcate, first joint of posterior tarsi as long as the 

 other three combined, the last joint being especially short. Abdomen 

 cylindrical, slightly angled laterally and more so dorso-medially ; dorsal 

 segments dark brown, ventral segments entirely white. 



The paratypes have the second transverse cubital and the first recur- 

 rent nervures interstitial; the first transverse cubitus is often coloured, and 

 the anterior two pairs of larsi are often pale. 



Habitat. — Westville, N. J., Sept. 12. Mr. H. L. Viereck, 7 specimens 

 ( $ ). Type in the collection of the American Entomological Society. 

 Paratypes in the collection of the Wagner Institute in this city, the collec- ' 

 tion of the LT. S. Nat. Museum, and the author's collection. 




48 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



A NEW DIASPII) GENUS. 



BY R. A. COOLEY, AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, BOZEMAN, MONTANA. 



In Professor T. D. A. Cockerell's " First Supplement to the Check-list 

 of the Coccidc'e " (published in the bulletin of the Illinois State Labora- 

 tory of Natural History, 1899), the following footnote occurs on page 

 398 : " Phenacaspis, Cooley and Ckll., will be a new genus, to include 

 P. fiyssce, C/iinensis, eiigeniiB, etc., hitherto placed in Chionaspis. Mr. 

 Cooley and the present writer agree that these forms have no generic 

 relationship with genuine Chionaspis except through Atilacaspis and 

 Diaspis. I leave Mr. Cooley to publish the generic characters, and classify 

 the species." 



The present paper gives the generic characters of Phenacaspis. 



Phenacaspis, gen. nov., Cooley and Ckll. 



Scale of female elongated, with the exuvige at the anterior extremity, 

 white. Scale of male much smaller than that of female; elongated, with 

 the scales nearly parallel. With two longitudinal grooves on the dorsal 

 surface, causing one or three carinse, which vary in prominence in different 

 species. Pygidium with the terminal pair of lobes more or less sunken 

 into the body, and having their inner edges serrate or crenate, and strongly 

 divergent, leaving a distinct notch on the median line. 



The colour and shape of the scales of the two sexes, together with 

 the median notch of the pygidium, are the essential characters of the 

 genus. 



Since in Professor Cockerell's note nyssce is the first species named, I 

 suggest that this species be considered as the type of the genus. 



CATALOGUE OF THE LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. 



The new Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of North America which I 

 have prepared has been issued as Bulletin No. 52 of the United States 

 National Museum. It comprises 740 pages. The edition is being dis- 

 tributed by the Smithsonian Institution, without charge. Those not 

 receiving the publications of the National Museum regularly, and who 

 are interested enough in entomology so that this publication would be of 

 practical use to them, will be cheerfully recommended by me to receive a 

 copy, on making application to the undersigned. 



Harrison G. Dvar, Washington, D. C. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 49 



BOOK NOTICE. 

 Species des Hym^nopteres d'Europe et d'Algerie : Les Mulillides — Par 



Ernest Andre. A. Hermann, 6 et 12, Rue de la Sorbonne, Paris, 



France. 

 This work, representing the 8th volume of Andre's great work on the 

 European Hymenoptera, begun in 1888 by Edmond Andre, is now 

 completed by the publication of fascicle 81. 



The volume before us is devoted to a consideration of the family 

 Mtdillidce, a large family of parasitic wasps living principally in the nests 

 of bees and predaceous wasps, and is written by Ernest Andre, a brother of 

 Edmond, contains nearly 500 pages, 25 plates, and gives full descriptions 

 of all the Mutillidce. occurring in Europe and Algiers ; the first fascicle 

 appeared in 1899. 



After a brief preface and the definition of the family, Mr. Andre gives 

 a good historical sketch of the family, which is based upon the genus 

 Mutilla, Linne, established in 1758. From this sketch one may gain an 

 excellent idea of the vagueness and confusion that existed among earlier 

 authorities respecting genera, the great difference of opinion held by the 

 more distinguished, and the slowness with which the modern and the more 

 correct conception of a genus became established. 



Mr. Andre devotes many pages to thoroughly defining the structural 

 characters of these wasps, their life evolution and biology, and their 

 geographical distribution. He finds that they are distributed over the 

 entire world, and estimates that 1,600 species are known ; of this number 

 about half are found in America, the others being distributed in Europe, 

 Africa, Asia and Australia. 



After a good bibliography, in which 209 works and papers, treating 

 on these wasps, are listed, he enters into a systematic account of the 

 family, genera and species. He divides the family into /(?//;- tribes: I., 

 Fedtsche7ikii7icB\ H., Aj>terogy?un(p ; III., Methocince; and IV., Mutillince. 

 No one, probably, will object to Mr. Andre's groups ; they are natural 

 and well characterized. But most decidedly some will differ with him 

 as to their rank and the position assigned them ; I do. 



In my opinion three of these tribes do not belong to the family 

 Mutillidce (sens, str.) ; they differ too widely in many important charac- 

 ters to be included in the same family, although probably all are natural 

 minor groups in other families. Fedtschenkia is winged in both sexes, and 

 I have placed it in the family Cosilidce; the male has not the characteristic 

 genitalia of a Mutillid. The Apterogynincv should be placed in the family 




r 



THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



Myrmosidce, the female having the thorax divided and the male having the 

 hypopygium ending in an upward curved aculeus ; while the AFethocince, 

 excluding the genus Milhita, which is a genuine Myrmosid, belong to the 

 family T/iyjinidce^ and are the only representatives of the family found in 

 Europe. 



Milluta, Andre, only superficially resembles a genuine Methocine, and 

 falls in naturally with many genera in the Myrmocidfe. In the supplement 

 terminating the volume, Mr. Andre thinks the characters upon which my 

 recently established genus Magrettina were based rather specific than 

 generic, and makes it a synonym of Milluta, Andre. This, however, is 

 merely an opinion, but coming from one who has done such excellent 

 work in the Mutillidte as Mr. Andre, has weight and should receive con- 

 sideration. I must, however, differ from him. In my original diagnosis I 

 called attention to the close relationship Magrettina had to Milluta, and 

 still thmk it distinct. When my revised generic tables of the Thynnida^ 

 Myrmosidce and Mutillidce appear, in my classification of the Vespoidea, 

 now in course of publication in the Canadian Entomologist, I feel 

 convinced Mr. Andre will also think differently. I shall make use of 

 characters that are generic, not specific, at least in my estimation. 



In the opinion of Mr. Andre, Alloneurioji, Ashmead, which was 

 founded upon Agama Kokpetica, Radoszkowski, is based upon an accident 

 of venation, and is absolutely not distinct from Pseudophotopsis, Andre. 

 Who knows? All specimens I have seen have the venation alike in 

 both wings ! 



Mr. Andre has subdivided the genus Mutilla, Linne, although he 

 calls the divisions only subgenera ; it is a move in the right direction, and 

 is destined to be universally followed. On page 129 he tabulates 10 

 subgenera, as follows : Ephiitomtna, Ashm. ; Pseudophotopsis, Andre ; 

 Tricholaliodes, Radosz. ; Myrmilla, Wesm. ; Platy mutilla, Andre, n. g. ; 

 Nanomutilla, Andre, n. g. ; Mutilla, Linne; CystomutiHa, Andre; Dasy- 

 mutilla, Radosz.; and Stenomutilla, Andre. Each subgenus is then taken 

 up in order, fully described in both sexes, when known, and followed by a 

 table of the species. Full notes on distribution and habits accompany 

 every description. 



The work terminates with a methodical and synonymical catalogue of 

 the species. In all 116 species have been recognized and fully described, 

 besides many varieties. Mutilla maura, Linne, according to Mr. Andre, 

 has 14 varieties ; M. rufipes, Fabricius, has 9 varieties, and other species 

 have a less number of varietal forms. 



The very full tables and descriptions of all the European species, and 

 the numerous plates, make the work invaluable to all students of the 

 Hymenoptera. It is the best and most important work yet published on 

 the family. William H. Ashmead. 



Mailed February 6th, 1903. 





Can. Ent,, Vol. XXXV. 



Plate 3. 



EDMUND BAYNES REED, 



ORIGINAL MEMBER OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO, 



1863-1903. 




\\t €mdm\ Jntoittolff^bt. 



Vol. XXXV. LONDON, MARCH, 1903. No. 3 



EDMUND BAYNES REED. 

 The older members of the Entomological Society of Ontario will, 

 no doubt, welcome with much pleasure the portrait of Mr. Edmund 

 Baynes Reed, which is prefixed to this number of our magazine. He 

 was one of the small band who originated the Society on the i6th of April, 

 1S63, and is one of the few survivors who may expect to commemorate its 

 fortieth anniversary next month. 



Mr. Reed came to Canada from England when a young man, and 

 took up his abode in London, where he, for some time, practised his pro- 

 fession as a lawyer. Later on he became Secretary-Treasurer of the Synod 

 of the Diocese of Huron, and continued to occupy this position till he left 

 for British Columbia in 1890. He was always devoted to Natural His- 

 tory, and especially to the collection and study of insects. His leisure 

 time was largely given up to these pursuits and to the work of the Ento- 

 mological Society, in which he took the warmest interest. He and Dr. 

 Saunders were instrumental in forming the London Branch of the Society 

 and keeping up the enthusiasm of its members. When the headquarters 

 of the Society were removed to London, and there was, in consequence, no 

 further need of a Branch, Mr, Reed took an active part in everything that 

 was done, and gave most material help in the formation and increase of 

 the Library and collections. He was Secretary-Treasurer of the Society in 

 1871-2-3, and from 1880 to 1886; Vice-President in 1874, 1877, and 

 from 1887 to 1889; member of the Council from 1874 to 1876, and in 

 1878-9; and during many of these years Librarian and Curator in addi- 

 tion. The following extract from the report of the Council for the year 

 ending August 31st, 1890, bears testimony to his usefulness and services : 



"In consequence of the removal of Mr. E. Baynes Reed from London 

 to British Columbia, to take charge of the Dominion Meteorological 

 Station at Victoria, it will be necessary to make some new arrangements 




02 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



for the care of the Library and collections and the performance of the 

 official work of the Society .... The Cuuncil desire to ]>lace on record 

 their feelings of deep regret at the removal of Mr. Reed from this Province 

 and the loss which the Society thereby sustains. Mr. Reed is one of the 

 original members of the Society, and for more than a quarter of a century 

 has been one of the most active and zealous of its officials, filling at differ- 

 ent times the positions of Vice-President, Secretary-Treasurer, Librarian, 

 Curator, and Auditor. To him it is especially due that the Library has 

 grown to its present dimensions and value and that so much progress has 

 been made by the Society in many directions. The Council beg to thank 

 Mr. Reed for his services in the past, and wish him all possible success 

 and prosperity in his new and important sphere of labour." 



Mr. Reed was a constant contributor to the pages of the Canadian 

 Entomologist from the very first volume, in which appeared five articles 

 from his pen. His papers, largely collecting notes, records of rare cap- 

 tures, etc., were always interesting and valuable ; he also furnished de- 

 scriptive articles on larvns, an Accentuated List of Canadian I^epidoptera, a 

 report to the Ontario Department of Agriculture (jointly with Dr. Saun- 

 ders) on the Colorado Potato-Beetle, which had then invaded Western 

 Ontario from the neighbouring State of Michigan, and popular papers on 

 common insects. 



Li the preparation of the early Annual Reports of the Society he took 

 a large share, and contributed elaborate and valuable papers, as follows : 

 Insects affecting the Plum, Report i. (1870), pages 53-63, and Report ii. 

 (1871), pp. 22-26 ; Insects injurious to the Potato, ibid, pp. 65-81 ; In- 

 sects attacking the Cucumber, Melon, Pumpkin and Squash, ibid, pp. 

 8Q-92 ; Insects affecting the Maple Trees, Report iii. (1872), pp. 35-43 ; 

 Insects affecting the Peach, ibid, pp. 44-47 ; Insects affecting the Potat^, 

 ibid, pp. 48-50 ; Some common Insects which affect the Horse, Ox and 

 Sheep, Report iv. (1873), pp. 34-41 ; Entomological Contributions, Re- 

 port V. (1874), pp. 11-16; Sphingidae — Hawk-Moths, Report xii. (1881), 

 pp. 48-70 ; Diptera — Two-winged Flies, Report xiii. (1882), pp. 45-53, 

 and short articles in several of the volumes. From the above list it will 

 be seen that Mr. Reed gave much attention to Economic Entomology, 

 and did some very excellent work in that department. It was quite 

 fitting, therefore, that he should have been one of the company who, in 

 August, 1889, formed the Association of Economic Entomologists, and 

 signed its original Constitution. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 53 



Another valuable and important work that Mr. Reed performed for 

 the Society was the compilation of a General Index to the first thirteen 

 Annual Reports, 1870-1882, which proved of the greatest use for many- 

 years to the members of the Society and others who had occasion to refer 

 to these publications. 



For some time before he left London, Mr. Reed took a great interest 

 in meteorological observations, and in connection with the Observatory 

 at Toronto established a local station and installed the necessary instru- 

 ments. His anemometer and vanes were placed on the top of the Cathedral 

 tower and connected by wires with his residence on the corner of Park and 

 Queen's Avenues. The work that he thus performed was so accurate and 

 satisfactory that he was selected to take charge of the Pacific Coast Divi- 

 sion of the Dominion Meteorological Service, and since 1890 he has con- 

 tinued to fill the office of Superintendent of the Observatory at Victoria, 

 B. C. Though his time is fully taken up with his official duties, he con- 

 tinues to be interested in Entomology, and is a member of the Britisli 

 Columbia Natural History Society. His many friends will, no doubt, 

 heartily join with us in the wish that he may enjoy the blessings of health 

 and well-being for many a year to come, and retain the vigour and vivacity 

 which have alwavs been his characteristics. C. J. S. B. 



THE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB OF THE AMERICAN ASSO- 

 CIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE. 



REPORT OF THE SECRETARY, C. L. MARLATT, 



Washington, D. C, Dec. 30, 1902, and Jan. 2, 1903. 

 The members of the Association of Economic Entomologists and tlie 

 local Entomologists of Washington connected with the Entomological 

 Society of Washington, at the conclusion of the meeting of the first-named 

 Association, met in an informal reunion and smoker at the residence of 

 Mr. Wm. H. Ashmead, on the evening of December 27th, 1902. At 

 this meeting the subject, first broached in the concluding session of the 

 Association of Economic Entomologists, of reviving the Entomological 

 Club of the A. A. A. S. was considered, and, in the absence of the last 

 President of the Club, the Rev. C. J. S. Bethune, Mr. Schwarz was made 

 Chairman of the meeting for the purposes of this discussion. A general 

 desire was manifested on the part of tliose present to have the Entomo- 

 logical Club revived or some other similar organization instituted. To make 




54 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



the preliminary arrangements a committee was appointed, consisting of 

 Mr. Schvvarz as Chairman, and including also Messrs. Fletcher, Herbert 

 Osborn, Kellogg and Hopkins. This committee held a meeting at the 

 Cosmos Club on the afternoon of December 28th, and arranged for a re- 

 vival of the old Entomological Club of the American Association, and 

 fixed the first meeting for Tuesday evening, Dec. 3othj at 7.30, in a room 

 provided in the Columbian Law School. 



This meeting of the Club was called to order at the hour named by 

 Mr. Schwarz, as Chairman of the Provisional Committee. The following 

 persons were present : 



Henry A. Ballou, Amherst, Mass.; J. Chester Bradley, 2221 Spring 

 Garden St., Philadelphia, Pa.: H.. E. Burke and A. N. Caudell, Washing- 

 ton, D. C; E. P. Felt, Albany, N. Y.; F. W. Foxworthy, Ithaca, N. Y.; 

 Otto Heidemann and W. E. Hinds, Washington, D. C.; Jas. S. Hine, 

 Columbus, Ohio ; A. D. Hopkins, Washington, D. C; Chas. W. John- 

 son, Philadelphia. Pa.; W. G. Johnson, New York ; Vernon L. Kellogg, 

 Stanford University, Cal.; B. Pickman Mann and C. L. Marlatt, Wash- 

 ington, D. C.; Geo W. Martin, Nashville, Tenn.; Herbert Osborn, 

 Columbus, Ohio ; Raymond C. Osburn, New York ; A. L. (^uaintance, 

 College Park, Md.; Wm. D. Richardson, I'ledericksburg, Va.; E. A. 

 Schwarz and C B. Simpson, Washington, 1). C.; Otto H. Swezey, Colum- 

 bus, Ohio, 



Mr, Schwarz called attention to the fact that the old Entomological 

 Club was still in existence, and all that was necessary to put it in opera- 

 tion was to proceed to the election of three officers : President, Vice- 

 President, and Secretary. On motion of Mr. Ashmead, Mr. Schwarz, one 

 of the oldest members of the Club and the one most familiar with the 

 organization, was nominated, and duly elected President of the Club for 

 tile ensuing year. On motion of Mr. Hopkins, Mr. Ashmead was duly 

 elected to the office of Vice-President. On motion of Mr. Felt, Mr. 

 Marlatt was elected Secretary x-^f the Club. 



Following the election of officers, a historical review of the Entomo- 

 logical Club of the A. A. A. S. was read by Mr. Schwarz, the different 

 meetings of the Club being dwelt upon and described individually. It is 

 deemed advisable to include this paper entire, as portion of the minutes 

 of this meeting. 



A Sketch of the History of the Entomological Club of 

 THE American Association. 



BY E. a. schwarz. 



Since the majority of the Entomologists present at this meeting be- 

 long to a younger generation, who have never attended any of the meet- 




THE CANAblAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 55 



ings of the old Entomological Club of the A. A. A. S., a short history of 

 the Club may not be out of place on this occasion. These notes I have 

 prepared from a hasty persual of the most readily available entomological 

 literature, and more especially from the volumes of the Canadian Ento- 

 mologist, to which periodical the Club is deeply indebted for the faithful 

 preservation of its records through a long number of years. 



The first movement looking toward the formation of a purely ento- 

 mological organization within the A. A. A. S. took place at the 21st meet- 

 ing of the Association, held at Dubuque, Iowa, August 21-27, 1872. 

 No definite action was taken at that time, and the only record of this 

 movement is preserved in the Can. Ent., Vol. IV., 1872, p. 182. 



In the following year the Association met at Portland, Me., and its 

 proceedings, as far as entomology is concerned, were briefly reported by 

 Mr. P. R. Uhler, elected to act as Secretary during the three meetings 

 held by the entomologists on August 21st, 22nd and 23rd. The subject 

 of forming a sub-section of entomology was then reconsidered, " but the 

 number of entomological papers offered being so small, it was not then 

 deemed advisable to go into sub-section." (Can. Ent., Vol. V., 1873, 

 p. 165.) 



At the following meeting of the Association, held at Hartford, Conn., 

 in August, 1874, an unusual number of Entomologists was brought to- 

 gether, and, after mature deliberation, it was resolved to organize under 

 the name of " The Entomological Club of the A. A. A. S.," and the fol- 

 lowing constitution was adopted, which is printed in the Can. Ent., Sept., 

 1S74, p. 161. 



[At the request of the President, the constitution was then read by 

 the Secretary.] 



In the year 1S75 the first meeting of the Club was held in Detroit, 

 Mich., on August loth, I'resident Dr. J. L. LeConte in the chair, Prof. C. 

 V. Riley, Secretary, and the minutes of this meeting are published in the 

 Can. Ent., 1875, pp. ijj-Jjg- 



The minutes of the meetings of the Club held in 1S76 in Buffalo, N. 

 Y., occupy nearly ten pages (pp. 176-185) in the Can. Ent., and, for the 

 first time, a short address of the President, Dr. J. L. LeConte, is published. 



The records of the next meeting, held in Nashville, Tenn., are very 

 meagre, on account of the absence of both the President and the Secre- 

 tary, and occupy a little more than two pages in the Can. Ent. for 1877 

 (pp. 172-T74.) 




56 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



The meetings of the Chib held at St. Louis, Mo,, in August, 1878, are 

 fully reported upon in the Can. Ent. of that year, and, for the first time, 

 an elaborated address by the President, Dr. J. A. Lintner, on the progress 

 of American Entomological Science, is published. 



The same remarks hold true for the Saratoga, N. Y., meeting in 1879 

 (see Can. Ent., pp. 163-177), and for the Boston, Mass., meeting, held 

 in 1880 (see Can. Ent., pp. 161-174). The minutes of the latter meet- 

 ing were also published in the Amer. Efitomol.,'Wo\. III., pp. 272-274, and 

 pp. 284-286. 



For the year 1881 the proceedings of our organization are published 

 in the Can. Ent., pp. 179-189, and pp. 214-216, and in American 

 Naturalist, pp. — , under the heading, " Meeting of the Sub-section of the 



A. A. A. S.," Rev. J. G. Morris being President. 



As a sub-section, the Entomologists of the A. A. A. S. do not seem 

 to have been successful, for I fail to find any record of its meetings in 

 1882, when the A. A. A. S. met at Montreal, Can. 



However, in 1883, when the Association met at Minneapolis, Minn., 

 it was decided to reorganize the Entomological Club. The following 

 officers were promptly elected : President, D. S. Kellicott ; Vice-Presi- 

 dent, Herbert Osborn ; Secretary, O. S. Westcott. A large number of 

 valuable and interesting communications were presented, which are re- 

 corded in Can. Ent. for 1883. 



The 1S84 meeting of the Club, held at Philadejjhia, Pa., was also a 

 very successful one, as is apparent from the full record published in the 

 Can. Ent., pp. 169-179, and pp. 181-186, the Secretary of the Club 

 being Mr. J. H. Smith. 



The minutes of the Ann Arbor, Mich., meeting in 1885 were fully re- 

 l)orted in Vol. I. o'i Entomologica Ainerica}ia,:\r\d for the first time, papers 

 read by members are printed in full in these records. 



In Vol. n. of the same periodical we find published the minutes of 

 the Buffalo, N. Y., meeting, held in August, 1886. In Vol. III. are the 

 minutes of the New York meeting, held in August, 1887. 



In spite of the fact that the Cleveland, O., meeting in 1888 was at- 

 tended by a small number of Entomologists, a large number of valuable 

 papers were read, besides an elaborate address of the President, Mr. John 



B. Smith, all of which is published in Vol. IV. oi Etitoiiio/ogica Americana, 

 while the Can. Ent. also published a full account of the proceedings. 



At the Toronto, Can., meeting of the Association, in 1S89, which was 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 57 



not very largely attended by the Entomologists, the Association of Official 

 Economic Entomologists was founded, and held its first meeting in con 

 junction with the Entomological Club, the result being that most of the 

 papers read were of an economic nature. The minutes are published both 

 in the Can. Ent. and in Entomol. Amer. 



At the Indianapolis, Ind., meeting in 1S90, the Entomological Club 

 was again well rei)resented, and a successful meeting was held, as can be 

 seen from the very full account published in the Can. Ent., while the 

 Entonu Amer. brought out a short abstract. 



The number of members of the Entomological Club present at the 

 Washington, D. C, meeting in 1891 exceeded that at any previous meet- 

 ing, and the full record of the proceedings occupies 48 pages in the Can. 

 Ent. of the same year. 



The Rochester, N. Y., meeting in 1892 was also very successful, and 

 its record fills 61 pages of the Can. Ent. The following officers were 

 elected for the next meeting : President, Rev. Chas. J. S. Bethune \ Vice- 

 President, Mr. H. G. Hubbard; Secretary, Mr. C L. Marlatt; but this 

 " next " meeting was never held, nor is there any record of any subsequent 

 meeting of the Entomological Club of the A. A. A. S. 



Following the reading of this communication and the constitution of 

 the Club, the question of membership was brought up by Mr. Marlatt. 

 The subject was discussed by Messrs. Bradley, Schwarz, Ashmead, Hop- 

 kins, Felt and Marlatt. Mr. Marlatt moved to make section three of the 

 constitution read as follows : " All members of the American Associa- 

 tion for the Advancement of Science who are interested in entomology, 

 and all members of the Association of Economic Entomologists, shall be 

 ipso facto members of the Club. Other Entomologists may be elected to 

 membership at any regular meeting." This motion, seconded by Mr. 

 Ashmead, was carried. On motion of Mr. Hopkins, the following pro- 

 vision was added to this section : " Members of local entomological so- 

 cieties at the meeting place of the American Association of any year shall 

 be considered as members of the Club." 



The business of reorganizing the Club having been completed, Mr. 

 Kellogg was invited by the President to give a report on the entomolog- 

 ical work done under his direction on the Pacific Coast. 



Mr. Kellogg first called attention to a very creditable piece of mono- 

 graphic work on Aleurodes by one of his students, exhibiting some espe- 

 cially well-executed plates illustrating these insects. This work is soon to 




58 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



be published. He exhibited also a pair of primary royalties of Termopsis 

 angusticollis, the Pacific Coast Termite. He had found no difficulty in 

 securing a number of these royal pairs, and one of them he had brought 

 alive from California in some decaying wood. The true royalties of this 

 kind are certainly very rare, and these forms excited much interest. 



Mr. Kellogg followed with an account of his work with the Blepharo- 

 ceridse, a family of Diptera, which inhabit in the larval stage swift-running 

 mountain streams. These Diptera have hitherto been considered very 

 rare, and only fifteen species were known in the world — five of them in 

 North America and six European, the remainder subtropical or tropical. 

 To this number he had added four new species which he had studied in 

 all stages, and added much to the information of the early stages, which 

 had previously been little known. He described the manner of attach- 

 ment of the larvge to the rock beds in swift streams, the insect not oc- 

 curring in still water, and gave an account of the habits of the larvje, the 

 remarkable specialization in the larval and pupal characters, and also the 

 habits of the adults, together with some details of the structural peculiar- 

 ities of the latter. He urged all collectors to be on the lookout for these 

 curious insects. He reported that the results of his investigations were in 

 press, and included a revision of the family in North America, giving full 

 details of all his studies, and he promised to send this paper to any one 

 interested in the subject. A miscellaneous discussion followed this com- 

 munication, bearing on these Diptera, in which some additional facts and 

 explanations were given by Mr. Kellogg. Concluding the discussion, 

 Mr. Schwarz stated that he was not familiar with any matter contained in 

 the Entomologica Americana bearing on these insects, but that in com- 

 pany with his late friend, Mr. Hubbard, and also later with Mr. Barber, 

 he had made examinations covering two years in Arizona, and had never 

 found an example of Blepharocera. He believed this to result from the 

 fact that none of the mountain streams in Arizona can be called perma- 

 nent. Every other season, at least, these streams dry up. Both Mr. Hub- 

 bard and himself, he stated, were well acquainted with these forms, and 

 would have recognized them if they occurred there. The Simulium flies, 

 on the other hand, maintained themselves under the conditions noted ; in 

 other words, they were able to live in these streams and to survive the dry 

 period, by what means he was not able to discover. 



Dr. H(jpkins presented the following account of recent work in Forest- 

 insect Entomology : 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 59 



Forest-insect Explorations in the Summer of 1902. 



[revised by DK. HOPKINS FROM THE STENOGRAPHIC NOTES.] 



Dr. Hopkins gave an account of his preliminary survey, during the 

 past summer, of the forest regions of different sections of the country to 

 determine the primary enemies of forest trees and locate the areas of 

 principal depredations. Between July and November he was in 27 States 

 and two territories. His first trip was made through the South-eastern 

 States, to determine the area of a recent outbreak of Dendroctonus 

 frontalis. He found in the southern Appalachian region that this, one of 

 the most destructive insects of American coniferous forests, was com- 

 mencing its ravages as it did a few years previous to the great devastation 

 wrought by it in the Virginias. He spoke of the probability that some of 

 these insects, which are for a long lime exceedingly rare, then suddenly 

 make their appearance in vast numbers, taking the character of an inva- 

 sion, are varieties of the typical forms which, on account of favorable 

 variations, are capable of extending their range into new areas, and also to 

 overcome the resistance exerted by the living trees attacked by them, 

 which could not be overcome by the typical forms. He gave as an ex- 

 ample the results of his study of Detidroctonus frontalis, in which he 

 found that the form which was so exceedingly common and destructive in 

 the Virginias was a variety of the form described by Zimmerman many 

 years ago. 



After locating the trouble in the vicinity of Fletcher's and Tryon, 

 N. C, he travelled southward through South Carolina and Georgia to 

 Tampa, Florida, and returned by another route, to determine the extent 

 of this new outbreak. Returning to Washington from this trip, he pro- 

 ceeded to the Black Hills, in South Dakota, where a vast amount of pine 

 timber has been killed by Dendrocto?ius fonderosce,3.?, has been mentioned 

 in Bulletin 32, new series, Division of Entomology. This species, he 

 said, is another example of apparent variation from a western type, D. 

 tnonticola, Hopk. MS. It has distinctive and constant characters of 

 structure and habit which are sufficent to entitle it to the rank of a species, 

 and he believes that it is possibly of recent development. D. vionticola 

 attacks the mountain pine ( Fifius vionticola) in Idaho, and the sugar pine 

 (P. Lambertiana) in Oregon. The smaller size of this species, the more 

 primitive character of its gallery, and its wider distribution, indicate that it 

 is the stock from which Dendroctonus ponderosa: has sprung. The latter 

 is apparently more restricted in its range, having been found only in the 




60 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



Black Hills and in Northern Colorado. This is simply offered as a sug- 

 gestion of the probabilities, and to call attention to this feature, which 

 should be considered in future investigations. 



From the Black Hills he went further west, through Wyoming and 

 Montana to Spokane, Washington, thence to the Priest River Reserve, 

 where he found Dendroctonus vionticola doing considerable damage to 

 Finns monticola in the vicinity of Priest Lake. He also found D. 

 pseudotst(g(c, Hopk. MS., intimately associated with the dying of the large 

 red fir ( Fsendoisuga taxifoUa). This latter species of Dendroctonus, he 

 said, was one which for a long time had been confused with D. similis, 

 Lee, but upon examination of the type o( D. simiVis he found it to be 

 quite a different thing, and undescribed, while D. similis is a synonym of 

 D. obesus, Mann. 



He found also the pine-defoliating butterfly occurred in considerable 

 numbers, flying around the tops of the pine trees. The fact that this but- 

 terfly was almost exterminated by its parasites a few years ago, and is now 

 apparently on the increase, suggests that it may again become destruc- 

 tive within a few years. Returning from Priest River, by the way of 

 Spokane, he visited Sand Point, Idaho, where, in 1899, he discovered a 

 young six-year-old entomologist, in whom he was very much interested. 

 His name is Charley Boyers. From Sand Point he went to Seattle, and 

 thence into the Cascade Mountain range, where, among other finds, he 

 made the discovery of a large Prionus larva boring in the living sapwood 

 of a red fir, which four or five years previous had been injured by fire, but 

 not killed. This was of interest, from the fart that this species is not 

 supposed to bore into the living sapwood of standing trees. He also spoke 

 of the great windfalls in the forests of that region, and the extreme ditificulty 

 met with in penetrating the forests thus obstructed by the great trees 

 lapping over each other, making it necessary sometimes to climb from one 

 tree to another, until one was twenty or thirty feet from the ground. He 

 also spoke of the rich field for the Scolytid si)ecialist in these wind-felled 

 trees, which were infested by many species ; and spoke of such windfalls 

 being the cause of serious depredations by insects which bred in them. 

 Returning through Washington and Oregon to San Francisco, he found 

 that the Phlceosinus mentioned by Mr. Fowler, under the name of P. 

 punctatus*, as destructive to the Lawson cypress, was x\o\. punctatus, but 

 an undescribed species which he had found in a Cryptomeria when there 



^* Report of work of the Agr, Exp. Sta., Univ. of Calif., 189S-1901, Part I., page 80. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 61 



in 1899, and also in Sequoia. Going from San Francisco to De! Monte 

 and Monterey, California, he found the same thing in living Lavvson's 

 cypress on the grounds at Del Monte, and especially abundant in the 

 broken branches and recently-felled trees of the Monterey cypress in the 

 original grove at Cypress Point. He thinks that the original home of the 

 species is in the ancient grove, but it has been distributed further north 

 with the tree, which has been extensively planted for hedges and as an 

 ornamental tree. We have here another example of a beetle which in 

 its original host plant and distribution is not destructive, but becomes so 

 under different environments and with change of habit. He also found 

 Dendroctoiius valeiis working serious damage to the Monterey pine, and 

 associated with it a number of species of Tomicus, Pityophthorus, etc., 

 which appear to be causing considerable trouble. He mentioned also the 

 timber which had been destroyed by fire, mentioned by Mr. Schwarz at a 

 previous meeting, and spoke of the great number of beetles breeding in 

 the injured trees and spreading their depredations into living ones. Re- 

 turning from Monterey on the Santa Fe R. R., he visited Williams, 

 Arizona, to examine a trouble there reported by Mr. Schwarz, which was 

 causing the death of a considerable number of pine trees. This was found 

 to be caused by Dendroctoiius approximatus, Dietz., and also by two un- 

 described species of Dendroctonus, which are closely allied to D. fron- 

 talis. He found also that among the Pinon on the rim of the Grand 

 Canon, and between there and Williams, individual trees were dying and 

 infested with Tomicus and other bark beetles. 



(To be continued.) 



NEW ORIENTAL ALEURODID.^. 



BY A. L. QUAINTANCE, COLLEGE PARK, MD. 



Aleurodes Marlatti, n. sp. 



Egg. — Size about .1 mm. x .2 mm., exclusive of stalk, which is quite 

 short, holding egg in upright position on leaf; regularly elliptical in 

 outline. Colour, dirty yellowish brown, as seen on leaf; under 

 transmitted light, yellowish. Shell without markings or sculpturing of 

 any kind. 



Larva. — Broadly elliptical. Colour, except in first stage which is 

 yellowish, brownish to brownish black, varying in some specimens to an 

 iridescent blue black ; in later stages, margined all around with a short, 

 rather squarely-trimmed, white, waxy secretion, from the marginal wax 




62 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



lubes. Margin of case plainly crenulated, the incisions between wax 

 tubes shallow and acute, but furrowed somewhat entad, giving a fluted 

 marginal area. Abdominal segments distinct, thoracic segments moder- 

 ately so. There is a slight, rounded medio-dorsal ridge along abdomen. 

 Vasiform orifice triangular ; operculum subcordate ; lingula well 

 developed, subcapitate distally, the stalk rather narrow. A pair of 

 moderate, whitish setfe project caudad from caudal end of case. Size 

 of larva, probably in second stage, .63 mm. x.5 mm. 



Pupa Case. — As seen on leaf, shiny jet black and considerably 

 convex when fully developed. There is a short, uniform, rather squarely- 

 trimmed, glassy waxen fringe all around from the marginal wax tubes. On 

 dorsum of abdomen there is an interesting " top-shaped " outline, formed 

 by a narrow, more or less continuous line of whitish waxy secretion. The 

 cephalic end of the figure originates along first abdominal segment, the 

 sides curving outward and caudad, but some narrowing, the lines passing 

 on either side of the vasiform orifice, caudad of which they coalesce more 

 or less, the figure terminating in an acute point at caudal end of case. 

 Lines of wax along the sutures of the abdominal segments extend out 

 laterally from the more central, top-shaped figure, the whole forming an 

 interesting and characteristic pattern. On cephalic end of case there is an 

 irregular ellipse of wax, marking ai)proximately the head region of the 

 pupa. This dorsal secretion is most evident in the more mature 

 individuals, and may be more or less absent in the younger forms. There 

 is a very distinct suture all around, which separates from the body proper 

 the pronounced fluted marginal rim. This latter is inclined to the 

 surface of the leaf at an angle of about 45 degrees. Size variable, but 

 about 1. 35 mm. x i.i mm., roundly elliptical in form. Abdominal 

 segments distinct, and thoracic moderately so. On cephalic end of case 

 the transparent, subreniform " eye spots " very distinct. \'asiform orifice 

 triangular, subacute caudad. Operculum subcordate ; lingula difficult to 

 make out, but probably as in larva. From caudal end of orifice a distinct 

 furrow extends back to caudal end of case. Margin crenulated all 

 around, the incisions between wax tubes shallow and acute ; on latero- 

 cepiialic margin of case, on each side, a single tubular pore, noticeably 

 distinct from adjacent wax lubes. Pupa case of general type of A. 

 qucrcus-aquatiae, Quaint., from Florida. 



Aihilt. — 9  Body yellowish, with sutures mostly l)lackish. Length 

 about .83 mm.; fore vving, 1.2 mm. x .56 mm.; anlennye and legs usual, 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 63 



Fore wings with two irregular, broken bands of reddish, each crossing 

 wing about equidistant on each side of caudal flexure of vein. There is 

 also a small central spot, almost caudad of flexure, and a more or less 

 evident spot at tip of vein. A small, irregular spot also occurs caudad of 

 veinlet, near base of wing. 



(^ . Very like female, but smaller. Penis and valves of genitalia 

 rather slender, sickle-shaped and acute. 



Specimens on orange ; collected by Mr. C. L. Marlatt, Hakato, 

 Japan, May 21, 1901. Adults bred out by Mr. Marlatt. This species 

 was also taken at Kumomoto, Japan, by Mr. Marlatt, on May 17, 1901. 

 Described from numerous specimens of eggs, larv?e and pupa-cases. 

 Adults described from a few imperfect females and one male in balsam 

 mounts. Types in U. S. National Museum. 



Alejirodes spinifera, n. sp. 



Egg. — Exclusive of stalk, .2 mm. long by about .1 mm. wide ; 

 yellowish, curved, and marked with rather minute, closely-set polygonal 

 areas. Stalk quite short, holding egg in more or less upright position on 

 leaf 



Larva. — ^Regularly elliptical, appearing brownish on leaf, varying to 

 black, with evident, but short, cottony fringe of wax all around from 

 marginal wax tubes ; dorsum without secretion. Size, probably in second 

 stage, about .4 mm. x .3 mm. Margin distinctly crenulated all around, 

 incisions between wax tubes short and acute. Abdominal segments quite 

 distinct, thoracic less so. Dorsum set with very strong, heavy spines as 

 follows : a row on each side about equidistant between the median 

 longitudinal dorsal line and margin of case, of seven spines each or 

 fourteen in all. Eight of these occur on the abdomen and six on the 

 thorax. More centrally on the thorax are six equally developed spines in 

 pairs. Vasiform orifice, which is somewhat elevated on a subconical, 

 truncated protuberance, subcircular in outline \ operculum subcircular to 

 subcordate, nearly filling orifice. Lingula short, nearly obsolete. 



Pupa Case. — As seen on leaf, with reflected light, jet black, con- 

 siderably convex, the strong, dark spines plainly evident. Dorsum 

 without secretion, but there is a compact, short, cottony fringe all around 

 from marginal wax tubes. Size of mature specimens about 1.33 mm. x 

 I mm., roundly elliptical in shape. On dorsum there is a submarginal 

 row all around of strong, dark, acute spines, projecting considerable above 

 and beyond case, nine or ten on each side. There is also a subdorsal rovv 




64 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



on each side of strong, similarly-coloured, but shorter, spines, ten to 

 twelve in number • nearer the medio-dorsal line there are four pairs 

 of spines on the thorax, and a pair on abdominal segments i, 2, 3 and 7, 

 respectively. Vasiform orifice prominently elevated on an oblique, 

 subconical, truncated protuberance, the subcordate orifice opening 

 directly upwards. The operculum is similar in shape to orifice, which it 

 nearly fills. Lingula obscure. There is a narrow, more or less evident 

 marginal rim, composed of the prominent wax tubes, which are bluntly 

 rounded distally, the incisions between them being moderately deep and 

 acute On ventral surface rudimentary legs may be readily distinguished. 



Adults unknown. 



Specimens collected by Mr. C. L. Marlatt, Garolt, Java, December 

 7, 1 901, on Citrus, sp., and Rose. Eggs and pupal stages described from 

 numerous specimens ; larvce from two specimens. This species is closely 

 related to Maskell's piperis from Ceylon, but differs in the number 

 and arrangement of spines in the vasiform orifice, and in the fact 

 that the eggs of spinifera are distinctly marked with polygonal areas, 

 whereas those oi piperis are striated. Types in U. S. National Museum. 



TWO REMARKABLE NEW COCCI D^. 



BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, EAST LAS VEGAS, N. M. 



Of the two Coccidfe now described, the first is the type of a very 

 peculiar new genus ; the other is a very beautiful and interesting 

 lac-insect. 



Stictococcus, n. g. — An aberrant genus of Lecaniin*, with the anal 

 orifice in the middle of the back, not connected with the hind margin by 

 a slit or groove. Anal ring with six hairs in larva ; none in adult. Anal 

 plates so modified in adult as to be unrecognizable. Legs small, but well 

 developed. Antenna with 5 or 6 joints. Margin with long bristles, and 

 flattened bifid or palmate plates or spines. Dorsum with numerous large 

 pits. 

 Stictococcus SJostedti, n. sp. (V. D. A. .\: W. P. Ckll.). 



Numerous on small branches. Oval, flattish, about 4 mm. long, 3 

 broad, and i }4 high; Lecanium-Wke, smooth and shiny, ferruginous to 

 olive-brown ; anal orifice in middle of back ; dorsal region with two 

 longitudinal rows of large round pits, single and (in two cases) two 

 together : thus, i, r, 2, i, 2, i, 1, and then a single one in the middle line 

 where the two rows converge. Subdorsal region with a row on each sidp 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 65 



of similar, but smaller, \V\\.s, about ten in number, no two close together ; 

 sides abruptly descending, with submarginal and marginal rows of pits, 

 the submarginal quite large, the others very small. Margin with scattered 

 hairs. On the under side is a small amount of mealy secretion, arranged 

 in radiating lines upon the sides of the abdomen. In some specimens the 

 back is more or less coated with an easily deciduous waxy material. 



Mouth-parts small, labium rounded. Margin with long bristles, and 

 numerous very broad and rather short palraated or bifid plates. Antennae 

 stout, very small and pale, 5-jointed, with a long 3, or 6-jointed by the 

 division of 3, in which case 4 is longer than 3, being a trifle longer than 

 broad, while 3 is conspicuously broader than long. Legs stout, small and 

 pale; tarsus and tibia subequal, but tarsus a little the longer; claw large, 

 strongly hooked. Anal orifice dark brown, consisting of a circular 

 chitinous plate, in which is a large quadrangular opening filled by two 

 subquadrangular plates, each of which has on its surface a pair of 

 darkened rounded processes or lobes, and also a pair of foramina, the 

 foramina of the anterior plate near its anterior margin, and those of the 

 posterior plate near its posterior margin. The hind margin of the anterior 

 plate is concave, leaving a slit between the two. No bristles are apparent. 

 Skin with many minute circular gland orifices. Ventral surface in the 

 abdominal region with a transverse fold fringed with hairs. 



Larva (from body of 9 ) broad-oval, with a similar dorsal anal 

 orifice, but it is surrounded by the six long bristles of the anal ring. The 

 anterior plate, which bears these bristles, is horseshoe-shaped, with the 

 opening directed backwards, and into the opening falls the more or less 

 oval posterior plate, which is longitudinally divided in the middle line, 

 and no doubt represents the anal lobes. Margin with bristles and large 

 flattened bifid or trifid plates as in the adult, only they are much larger 

 in comparison with the size of the insect. Antennte stout. 



/:/al>. — Cameroons, W. Africa; very numerous specimens in alcohol, 

 collected by Dr. Yngve Sjostedt, of the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseum at 

 Stockholm. Several of the bottles are only labeled as from the 

 Cameroons; a few contain more exact labels — " Itoki, Feb., 1891"; 

 " Eskundu," and " Bonze." This is the first Coccid on record from 

 the Cameroons. 



Tachardia anraiitiaca^ n. sp. 



On bark of branch ; scales usually sejKirale, sometimes coalescing, 

 round, seen from above, 4 mm. long, convex, but flattened dorsally, 




66 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



SO that they are not half as high as broad ; surface thrown more or 

 less into concentric folds ; colour bright orange ; median dorsal area 

 ferruginous, with radiating ridges and the usual orifices, the minutely 

 transversely ribbed larval exuvia in the middle. Young, up to about 

 2 mm. long, orange-ferruginous, with rather obscure radiating ridges. 



Second stage : female with the cephalothoracic end narrower than the 

 abdominal, and with a constriction between the thorax and abdomen. 

 Abdomen emarginate posteriorly, as in the same stage of T. Mexicana. 

 No spine found. A couple of pale ferruginous (chitinous) triangular 

 plates, each presenting near the middle a round patch of greatly crowded 

 and very numerous gland-orifices, each of which under a high power 

 exhibits a central nucleus, from which radiate five lines. Near one 

 corner of the triangular plate is a smaller patch of similar orifices, 

 here about twelve in number. Anal ring with ten long bristles ; the ring 

 is transversely oval, and is divided into an anterior and a posterior part. 

 The anterior part, bearing four bristles, is deeply notched in the middle 

 anteriorly ; the posterior part, bearing six bristles, is deeply notched in the 

 middle posteriorly. The lac is very hard to dissolve. The insects show 

 the usual crimson pigment. 



Hab. — Garoet, Java, Dec. 7, 1901, on grape-fruit (Citrus); collected 

 by Mr. C. L. Marlatt. The second-stage females are attacked by a 

 parasitic fungus, their bodies being full of the threads in some instances. 

 The adults show large parasite holes, and what the parasites have left 

 has been almost entirely consumed by a host of small hairy mites, 

 evidently a species of Tyroglyphus, as they agree well with Fig. 54 

 in Marlatt, Bull. 14, N. S., Div. Ent., Dep. Agr. (1898), p. 103. Owing 

 to these conditions I was unable to obtain a good specimen of the female 

 adult for mounting. 



The species is easily known from T. decor ell a by the absence 

 of ribbing beyond the second stage. 



A CONTRIBUTION. 



Mr. E. P. Venables, Vernon, B. C, thoughtfully considering the 

 needs of the Society, has donated to it some British Columbia beetles, the 

 most of which are new to its collection, thus increasing by so much its 

 powers of usefulness to others for the determination of specimens. 



J. Alston Moff.m', Curator. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 67 



NEW COLEOPIERA FROM THE WESTERN UNITED STATES. 



RV H. F. WICKHAM, IOWA CITY, IOWA. 



All of the species described in the following pages belong to genera 



which are of small extent or have been recently monographed, and it is 



hoped that no confusion will result from their publication. The types are 



in my own collection, and, unless otherwise credited, were captured by 



myself. 



Physorhinus, Esch. 



Hitherto the only species of this genus known from the United States 

 was P./uscuIus, Champ. (Anchasi us frontalis, Horn), and the curious 

 pale head, which Dr. Horn thought might be accidental, is, according to 

 Mr. Champion, characteristic of the genus, which is well represented in 

 Central America. I have in my collection a form which seems to be new. 



P. yucca, n. sp. — Elongate, subfusiform, convex, shining, clothed with 

 rather dense yellowish pubescence; castaneous, legs rather lighter. Head 

 yellow, clypeal margin blackish, the surface deeply but somewhat finely 

 punctate ; antennas passing the hind angles of the thorax, second joint 

 extremely small, third barely longer, together about equal to the fourth. 

 Prothorax a little wider than long, broadest behind the middle, rapidly 

 narrowing to apex, sides nearly parallel behind, hind angles just percepti- 

 bly divergent, acute, bicarinate, the inner carina straight, oblique, outer one 

 very slightly curved and quite near the margin ; surface deeply and dense- 

 ly but not very coarsely punctured, the punctuation of the neigiibourhood 

 of the anterior angles being the coarsest. Elytra at base not as wide as 

 the thorax, becoming rapidly narrower from a point much in advance of 

 the middle, sides slightly rounding, apices distinctly finely serrulate, tips 

 conjointly rounded, all the stride distinct, but fine, with small distant punc- 

 tures at bottom, interstrial spaces finely, irregularly and rather closely 

 punctate. Beneath somewhat finely and closely punctured. Dilated por- 

 tion of posterior coxal plates rounded at tip. Length 1 1 mm. 



Taken near Brownsville, Texas, by C. H. T. Townsend and myself, 

 in heads of Yucca during July. Differs from P. ftiscultis by the closely 

 punctured head. It is quite closely allied to the Mexican P. frontalis, 

 Cand. The Central American species are said by Champion to occur 

 mostly in forest clearings, and are collected by beating branches of trees. 



Chrysobothris, Esch. 



C. "Piiita, n. sp. — Form oblong, subdepressed, bronzed, shining, 

 head bright reddish cupreous, front green ; pronolum reddish cupreous, 




68 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



bluish at base ; elytra bronzed, but much less brilliant than the thorax, 

 the basal half, excepting the sutural and lateral margins and foveas, dark 

 bluish and more opaque ; body beneath dark bronze, with whitish pubes- 

 cence, which forms denser patches on the meso- and metathoracic side 

 pieces and on the sides of the ventral segments. Antennae greenish- 

 bronze, slightly more slender to tip, third joint scarcely equal to the next 

 two. Front deeply and quite regularly punctured, the punctures sepa- 

 rated by about their own diameters, callosities indistinct, pubescence 

 whitish, conspicuous. Clypeus broadly and obtusely triangularly emar- 

 ginate, angles of emargination not rounded. Thorax about one-half 

 broader than long, front margin slightly bisinuate when viewed from above, 

 anterior angles obtuse, slightly rounded, sides nearly straight, but con- 

 verging a trifle to near the base, whence they are suddenly sinuately nar- 

 rowed to the hind angles ; disc convex, regular, the punctuation deep, 

 well separated at middle, but becoming coarser and more crowded near 

 the lateral margins and at sides of base, where it appears substrigose, but 

 is scarcely confluent, median line obliterated in front, the posterior half 

 smooth and shining, not impressed nor channelled. Elytra distinctly 

 wider than the thorax, sides nearly parallel to about the apical third, 

 whence they are narrowed to the separately rounded tips, serrations fine, 

 numerous ; costa^ obliterated, except the exterior one, which is distinct on 

 the humerus and near the middle of its length, but becomes evanescent be- 

 hind ; impressions deep, arranged thus : a basal bronzed rounded one on 

 each side of the scutellum, exterior t(^ which is a shallower crescentic maik, 

 not bronzed, extending iVom just within the humeral prominence to the 

 suture. Behind this is a transverse bronzed indentation, wider externally, 

 reaching. nearly to the suture, while still posterior to this is another less 

 distinct impression, which fades gradually into the cupreous area behind 

 it. The punctuation of the elylral disc is f.iiily deep and well defined, 

 but becomes scabrous at sides and towards the tips. Body beneath 

 densely punctured, exce])t on the median area of the abdomen, which is 

 more shining. Prosternum lobed, hairy, without median smooth space. 

 Last ventral with serrulate margin, coarsely, closely jumctured, tii) with a 

 rounded emargination. Anterior tibi:« with apical dilatation about as in 

 mail, tooth of femur indistinctly serrulate, middle tibiae slightly arcuate, 

 not angulaily sinuate within, hind tibiic straight. Length, 6.5 mm. 



This species belongs in Horn's group IV., and may be i)laced near 

 mali, from which it differs by the usually small size, contrasting colours, 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 69 



obliteration of the frontal chevrons and elytral costpe, the non-sulcation of 

 the median thoracic line and by other characters. The description is 

 drawn up from a male ; the female differs thus : last ventral broadly 

 triang'ularly emarginate, with an indication of a lobe in the bottom of the 

 emargination, as in chrysoela ; however, this structure is a trifle un- 

 symmetrical. and nviy be accidental. The prostcrnum is more coarsely 

 punctured and less hairy than in the male, the anterior tibiae are not 

 dilated at tip, and the middle tibiae are straight, while the front of 

 the head is entirely cupreous. 



The name refers to the tribe of Indians inhabiting the neighbourhood 

 from which the beetle came. The type was taken with two other slightly 

 smaller specimens, by beating desert shrubs near Independence, in 

 Owen's Valley, California, during the month of July. A female from 

 Williams, Arizona, is somewhat more strongly sculptured, and the under 

 side of the body is bluish. 



Agrilus, Steph. 



The species described below seem to be well marked and easily 

 recognizable, and thus worth describing separately. It is probable that 

 the impetus given to the study of the genus through Dr. Horn's 

 monograph will result in the detection of a number of undescribed forms. 



A. pifialicus, n. sp. — Rather more robust and less narrowed behind 

 than usual. Head, thorax and scutellum blue-black ; elytra metallic 

 green, with a dark sutural stripe. Antennas short, blackish, serrations 

 beginning on the fourth joint. Front of head deeply and broadly 

 channelled, the sulcus extending from the occiput on to the clypeus, the 

 bottom clothed with close, snow-white pubescence ; surface of head 

 granulate behind the eyes, the remainder, where visible, transversely 

 rugose. Thorax broader than long, wider in front of the middle margin, 

 sinuous in lateral view ; surface somewhat irregularly convex, closely 

 strigose, the strigte transverse in front, oblique near the base and over 

 most of the disc, longitudinal near the sides ; median line fine, distinct 

 near the base, interrupted about the middle ; sides slightly arcuate, 

 sinuate near the base, hind angles nearly rectangular, not carinate, front 

 angles with a longitudinal sjiot of white pubescence, which diverges 

 a little from the margin posteriorly and does not reach the middle of its 

 length. Scutellum rough, not carinate. Elytra with the sides sinuate, 

 apices separately rounded, margin serrulate posteriorly, surface granulate, 

 a snow-white spot of pubescence on each side near the scutellum, which 




70 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



may possibly extend at times down the dark sutural space described 

 above, as this region shows evidence of scales in places ; costa obliterated. 

 Body beneath almost entirely concealed by white pubescence, the ex- 

 posed portions imbricate-punctate, the abdomen more finely so. Last 

 ventral serrate at sides. Pygidium with a projecting carina, which 

 is truncate at tip. Legs sparsely pubescent. Length, g mm. 



The type is a female taken in October at Parker's Well, on the 

 eastern side of the Organ Mountains, New Mexico, by Theo. D. A. 

 Cockerell, and bears his number, 5295. Another specimen which I 

 collected during June, in the Pinal Mountains, Arizona, differs in colour, 

 the head being cupreous, the elytra red-bronze with green sutural space. 

 The under side of the body and the legs are also brightly bronzed, 

 the pleura and margins of the ventral segments darker. In other respects 

 the two correspond. 



This beetle belongs near Agrilus audax, Horn, but differs in having 

 a non-carinate scutellum and by the arrangement of the pubescence. The 

 claws are sharply and strongly toothed beyond the middle, the inner 

 division not notably inflexed. 



A. niercurius, n. sp. — Rather robust, olivaceous bronze ; elytra and 

 thorax vittate with white pubescence. Head coarsely and confluently 

 punctured, front covered with rather long white hairs, median line faint. 

 Antennas passing the middle of the thorax, serrate from the fifth joint. 

 Thorax broader than long, sides arcuate, but less so than in blandus, 

 sinuate in front of the hind angles, which are not carinate, disc gibbous, a 

 faint depression posteriorly in place of the median line, surface coarsely, 

 densely ])unctate, forming more or less distinct concentric strigae, which 

 are stronger anteriorly, margin sinuous in profile ; on each side is a large 

 spot of white pubescence, beginning at the anterior angle and extending 

 to behind the middle, this s|)Ot confluent above with a longitudinal stripe 

 of the same colour, which extends from a point on the thoracic disc op- 

 l)osite the apex of the gibbosity to base, where it meets the elytral vitta. 

 Scutellum not carinate. Elytra not covering the sides and tip of abdomen, 

 coarsely scabro-punctate, not costate, margin serrulate posteriorly, apices 

 obtuse, disc of each elytron with a vitta of perfectly white pubescence ex- 

 tending from base, where it is confluent with the corresponding thoracic 

 stripe, to the apex. Pygidium with a fine carina, which does not project- 

 Prosternal lobe well developed, with a broad, slightly indented, rounded 

 emargination on front margin, presternum densely clothed with white 




THE CANAPIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 71 



hairs ; the prosternal, mesosternal and metasternal side pieces are densely 

 pubescent with white, as is also the vertical portion of the ventral segments, 

 there being in addition a row of four rounded spots of the same colour and 

 nature on each side of the abdominal region. The visible portions of the 

 under surface are distinctly imbricately punctate. Claws with a rather 

 broad, sharp tooth, which is not notably inflexed. Length, 6 mm. 



Allied to A. i?/and?is, Horn, from which the gibbous pronotum and 

 non-carinate scutellum will separate it. It rather closely approaches A. 

 gibbicollis. Fall, but may be distinguished by the emarginate presternum, 

 non-carinate thoracic angles, and presumably by the ornamentation, as 

 Fall makes no mention of discal thoracic vitt^e, nor of lateral abdominal' 

 spots inside of the vertical stripe. 



The type was taken by myself at Deming, New Mexico, August i8, 

 and is apparently a male. The first and second ventrals are vaguely 

 longitudinally impressed at middle. 



EuGASTRA, Lee. 



In describing a species under the above generic caption, I do 

 not wish to be understood as favoring the separation of Eugasira from 

 Laclmosterna because of any supposed great structural differences. I am 

 merely following the example of Mr. Bates, who, in the Biologia Centrali- 

 Americana, expresses the opinion that on account of the unwieldy size of 

 the old genus Lachnosterna, it is advisable to retain certain names 

 to indicate more or less well-defined groups, which may eventually be 

 limited in some more satisfactory manner than is possible at present. 



E. epigcea, n. sp.— Subovate, obtuse behind, convex, nearly black, 

 slightly shming. Clypeus barely perceptibly emarginate in front in 

 the male, more distinctly so in the female, densely, deeply and coarsely 

 punctured, margin reflexed ; front punctured like the clypeus, occiput less 

 strongly. Thorax about one-half broader than long, widest about the 

 middle, which is rather sharply rounded, almost subangulate ; margin 

 coarsely serrate, sparsely fimbriate ; surface coarsely, somewhat deeply 

 punctured, densely in the neighbourhood of the anterior angles, more 

 sparsely and irregularly on the disc, where smooth spaces are left ; median 

 line obliterated. Scutellum shorter in the female than in the male, 

 sublriangular in the latter sex, a few large serial punctures along the sides. 

 Elytra with basal margin a little elevated on each side of the scutellum, 

 form broadly oval, surface even, not sulcate or costate, except that the 

 longitudinal line on each side of the suture is well marked ; disc with 




72 THE CANADIA.N ENTOMOLOGIST. 



rather large, deep, coarse punctures, which are separated by about their 

 own diameters, but become finer and shallower at sides and towards the 

 tip. Pygidium alutaceous, not distinctly punctured, though large, sparsely 

 jilaced, shallow punctures are indistinctly indicated. Sterna coarsely, 

 not very closely, punctate; metasternal hairs extremely short and sparse. 

 Abdomen rather indistinctly and much more finely punctured. Legs 

 stout, claws arcuate. Length, 1 2.5-14 mm. 



Male : Body winged. Antennal club shorter than the funiculus. 

 Abdomen broadly, vaguely impressed at middle. Spurs of posterior 

 tibiae slender, curved, free ; hind tarsi slender, much longer than the 

 tibife. Claws not or barely perceptibly toothed. 



Female : Body apterous. Antennal club a little smaller. Abdomen 

 more convex, without median impression. Posterior tibial spurs broader; 

 hind tarsi shorter than in the male. All of the claws are toothed, 

 the tooth being short, sharp and erect, nearer the base than the apex. 



This insect occurs occasionally, crawling on the ground, at Del Rio, 

 Alpine and Marfa, Texas, during June, July and August. It belongs near 

 E. cribrosa, Lee, but is distinct by numerous characters. 



Ologlyptus, Lacordaire. 



It is well known that our common Ologlyptus anastomosis, Say, varies 

 considerably in size and outline, as well as in the distinctness of the elytra! 

 costaj. Besides a considerable series of that insect from Kansas, Colorado, 

 Texas, New Mexico and Arizona, I have in my cabinet anothe.- species 

 which seems to be quite different from any of the Mexican forms described 

 by Champion in the Biologia Centrali-Americana. It may be recognized 

 by the characters noted below. 



O. Texanus, n. sp. — Blackish, covered with yellowish scales. Rather 

 elongate, somewhat flattened above. Head covered with yellowish scales, 

 which completely conceal the sculpture, antennae much heavier than in O. 

 anastomosis. Thorax transverse, broadest at about the middle, disc con- 

 vex, bifoveate, a fine distinct median carina, which is bifurcate at base, 

 lateral margin thickened, explanate, and rather widely reflexed; the 

 anterior margin is dee])ly emarginate, the base slightly bisinuate, 

 sides very strongly rounded, more suddenly so posteriorly, a strong 

 constriction in front of the hind angles, which are distinctly acute 

 and rather i)rominent ; front angles acute, feebly rounded. Elytra 

 about as wide as the broadest part of the thorax, almost parallel to 

 a point about one-third from the tip, thence suddenly sinuately narrowed, 




tHE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 73 



apices conjointly rounded. The suture is elevated posteriorly, costae three 

 in number, arranged thus : first nearly straight, parallel to the suture, 

 reaching the base but abbreviated at apex ; second parallel to the first, 

 slightly shorter at each end ; third forming an overhanging margin to 

 elytron, until it reaches a point just beyond the tip of the second, when it 

 curves in and becomes discal, but fades out before attaining the elytral 

 apex. None of the cost?e are confluent at any point. Body beneath with 

 large scale-bearing punctures, distant on the abdomen, but more approxi- 

 mate on the thoracic segments. Legs densely scaly and comparatively 

 stouter than in anastomosis. Length, 9 mm. 



This beetle can be separated from O. anastomosis at a glance, the 

 thoracic characters alone being amply sufficient for its differentiation, while 

 the elytra are unlike those of the former species in shape as well as in 

 ornamentation. From the antennae alone, one might doubt the propriety 

 of the generic reference, but the deflexed apex of the presternum excludes 

 the insect from Astrotus. The type was taken in Cameron Cotmty, Texas, 

 during the month of September, by Frank B. Armstrong. 



Pyrota, Lee. 



Several years ago I received specimens of a beetle belonging to the 

 above genus, which, by its antennal characters, approaches CantJiaris, 

 recalling in its general appearance C. bigutaita, though, of course, not to 

 a deceptive degree. After a study of the material, I concluded that the 

 species was undescribed, and wrote to Dr. Geo. H. Horn, asking 

 his opinion. This coincided with my own, and as the insect seems 

 to have been taken in some abundance, and is probably represented 

 in numerous collections, I projiose to name it after the State in which it 

 occurs. 



F. Dakotana, n. sp. — Elongate, head and thorax shining, elytra 

 much less so. Above yellow, thorax with two small blackish discal spots, 

 one on each side of the middle line ; elytra each with a narrow, nearly 

 straight longitudinal blackish stripe, which does not reach the apex nor 

 the base, and is somewhat more distant from the suture than from 

 the lateral margin. Head yellow, sjjarsely, irregularly and rather coarsely 

 punctured ; sides behind the eyes almost exactly parallel for a short 

 distance ; hind angles broadly rounded. Antenna? shorter and stouter 

 than usual, blackish, first joint paler at base, third joint longer than the 

 fourth. Palpi blackish. Thorax cam])anulate, widest behind the middle, 

 sides rounded, less so anteriorly, where they are rapidly convergent; basal 




74 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



margin elevated ; disc irregularly punctate, a rather large fovea in front of 

 the scutellum. Scutellum yellow. Elytra distinctly scabrous, subopaque 

 to the naked eye, shining under a lens, finely sparsely pubescent ; costse 

 faintly indicated. Body beneath alutaceous, very finely scabrous, the 

 meso- and metathoracic regions rougher than the rest. Legs yellow, 

 knees, tips of tibiae and tarsi blackish. Length, lo to 12 mm. 



Eight specimens are before me, all taken at Pierre, South Dakota, by 

 the late P. C. Truman. The principal variation in markings consists of a 

 tendency to loss of the elytral stripe, although one strongly-developed 

 specimen, with the vitta well marked, has the suture dark for the greater 

 part of its length. The under surface of the body is always more or less 

 blackish, sometimes almost entirely so except the prothoracic region, which 

 remains yellow. In one case, the anterior tibise are blackish to base. By 

 the form of the head, this insect is allied to P. hitulata and P. Germari, 

 being close to the latter in several respects, but Dakotana has shorter and 

 thicker antenn?e. The style of ornamentation and the opacity of the 

 elytra will at once distinguish it from bilineata. The maxillary palpi are 

 not deformed in the male, the last joint being but slightly modified. 



MY LAST REPLY TO MAJOR CASEY. 



BY E. WASMANN, S. J., LUXEMBURG. 



In Dr. David Sharp's "Zoological Record, Insects," 1901, I find in 

 the list of my publications of that year, under the title, 1449, ''On some 

 genera of Staphylinidce described by Thos. L. Casey,'" the following note : 

 " Casey replies to this, I. c, pp. jj2, 313.'' 



As I do not receive American journals here, I tried to get the 

 respective nos. of the Canadian Entomologist from one of my friends. 

 Being informed now of the contents of Major Casey's " reply," I 

 understand why he did not send it to me, although I had sent him a copy 

 of my critic paper ''■On some genera of Staphylinidoi" already, Nov. 

 2nd, 1901. 



The manner in which Major Casey has treated our scientific 

 controversy differs far from my own in the article cited above 

 (Canad. Entom., Sept., 1901, p. 249-252). In an angry tone he 

 reproaches me of " disingenuousness," "narrow-mindedness," etc.; he 

 even tries to misinterpret my own personal correspondence with him 

 in a way (juite new in scientific discussion. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 75 



The psychological connection of my cards written to Major Casey, 

 from March to June, 1901, is very simple, and I wonder why Major 

 Casey did not find it out himself. The paper containing his new note on 

 the genera Homceusa, Myrmobiota and So/iusa was entitled ^''Review of 

 the American Corylophidce, Crypiophagidce, Tritotnidce and Dermistidce, 

 with other studies,^' comprising 121 pages. I informed him on March 

 5th of the receipt of this paper, without suspecting that it contained 

 something about Homoeusa and Myrmobiota. Only myrmocophilous 

 genera being of special interest for me, I did not examine more closely 

 Major Casey's ample paper on Corylophidce. etc.; therefore, when I 

 asked Major Casey again (June ist) to send me his last paper, where he 

 explained the differences of Homoeusa and Myrmobiota, it was not 

 necessary for him to send me a second copy of his paper on Corylophidce, 

 etc., but he might have simply informed me that the paper in question was 

 pp. 53-55 of his study on Corylophidce. Instead of falling on this 

 very simple explanation of the appearing contradiction in my cards. Major 

 Casey has given them a rather injurious interpretation, which I much regret 

 for Major Casey's own sake. 



ARATUS LUTEOLUS, N. SP. 



BY REV. THOMAS W. FYLES, LEVIS, QUEBEC. 



Length, .35 inch. Head dark fawn colour, scabrous, much prolonged 

 between the antennae, the prolongation suggestive of the nose of the 

 moose. Eyes upon rounded elevations, black and protuberant. The 

 antennary spine stout, sharp and projecting. Antennae reddish brown 

 above, olivaceous beneath ; the joint next the spine distinct and square 

 cut and of greater diameter than that following it. Beak black, long, 

 extending between the front legs. Prothorax dark umber in colour^ 

 concave in fronts the concavity ending on either side with a short spine. 

 From the bases of these spines the sides (which are finely denticulated) 

 run direct to the widest part of the prothorax ; from thence they are 

 rounded to the back, forming a pair of clay-yellow epaulets, which extend 

 beyond the slightly-curved remainder of the back line. Down the middle 

 of the prothorax are two carince, nearly parallel, extending from back to 

 front. The shield is narrow at the ba.-^e, and runs back to an acute angle; 

 its margins are reflexed. The costal edge of each elytron forms a double 

 curve : it is first convex and then slightly concave. The corium is broad 

 at the base, narrowed beyond the shield, and rounded at the tips. It is 




76 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



Strongly ribbed, and is clay-yellow in colour, mottled with fulvous, and is 

 darker towards the tips. The membrane is roseate brown, and has 

 a yellow patch on the costa and another at the base. The legs are 

 reddish brown above and olivaceous beneath, paler at the joints; the thighs 

 are but slightly dilated. The abdomen is ovate, flattened, and extends 

 beyond the elytra. It is of a roseate brown. On either side of it are six 

 sutures marked with yellow. The anal segment ends in a pair of incurved 

 lobes. The whole of the under side is lighter in colour than the upper. 

 Taken at Quebec. 



A NEW ANAPHORID, AND A NOTE ON AN OLD ONE. 



BV HARRISON G. DYAR, WASHINGTON, D. C. 



Eulepiste Kearfottl, n. sp. 



Gray, with a reddish ochreous tint, brighter in an obscure streak 

 beyond cell and on submedian fold. A series of black strigse along the 

 costa and on fringe : a small dash beyond cell, and an oblique bar 

 in submedian fold beyond middle. Hind wing blackish, fringe long, pale, 

 interlined with blackish. Below, blackish, with a pale line at the base of 

 the fringe. Expanse, 22 mm. 



Two males from Mr. W. D. Kearfott's collection, "Yuma Co., Ariz. 

 Desert." 



Larger than the other species of Eulepiste, and differing in the 

 genitalia. Uncus a single long spine, curving downward, opposed to a 

 broad, concave basal plate. Side pieces strap-shaped or slightly concave, 

 curved downward, and with a distinct spine on the lower angle. 



U. S. National Museum, type No. 6734. 



Pseuiianaphora mora, Grote. 



In 1895 Lord Walsingham examined Grote's type in the British 

 Museum, and thought it might be the female of P. arcanella, Clem., 

 overlooking the description of the true female of this species by 

 BeutenmuUer (Ent. Amer. IV., 29, 1S88). I have now before me ten 

 females and eight males of mora from localities in New York, 

 Pennsylvania and tiie District of Columbia, a majority of them taken by 

 Mr. F. A. Merrick, at New Brighton, Pa. (see Proc. Ent. Soc, Wash., V. 

 40, 1902). There is a marked sexual dimorphism, the male being nearly 

 uniformly blackish, and the female of a light ochreous ground colour. 

 The species is very distinct from arcanella. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 77 



NOTE ON CTENUCHA CRESSONANA AND VENOSA. 



BV A. RADCLIFFE GROTE, HILDESHEIM, GERMANY. 



In Sir George Hampson's volume on the Syntomids, Cat. Lep. 

 Phalaenae, Vol. I., London, 1898, Ctenucha Cressonana is referred as a 

 synonym to C. venosa, but erroneously so. Both species inhabit our 

 North American territory, but C. venosa has the wider and more southern 

 range, extending probably from Arizona, through Mexico, into South 

 America. I know C. Cressonana from Colorado and New Mexico only ; 

 this larger form is also variable in the colours of the stripes of the wing, 

 whereas C. venosa is quite constant, so far as the examples I have been 

 able to examine are concerned. I give liere the comparative descriptions 

 of the two species : 

 Ctenucha venosa. Walker. Brit. Mus. Lists Lep., IL, 284 (1854). 



Smaller, averaging 38 mil. in expanse ; two terminal joints of palpi 

 brownish black, basal joint orange red. Costa of primaries striped with 

 yellow ochre, shading into white over apical third ; a similar stripe over 

 M \, not reaching margin. Cubitus and the fork of J/ 2 and 3 striped 

 with the same shade, as well as an internal stripe over A 2. Fringes 

 white, broadly interrupted with brownish black at the middle on both 

 wings. 



The material in B. Mus. is probably all C. venosa, 



Ctenucha Cressonana, Grote. Proc. Ent. Soc, Phil, IL, 64 (1863). 



Larger, averaging 45 mil. in expanse. Antennae more lengthily 

 pectinate ; only the terminal joint of palpi brownish black, the rest 

 ■orange red. Costa of primaries striped with yellow ochre, hardly paler 

 towards tips. No stripe on M r; at most, in one specimen, a very faint 

 and narrow indication. Fringes entirely white, at base showing some 

 scattered black scales not medially interrupted. 



Typical form : stripes on primaries pure white ; costa ochre yellow. 



var. hitea, Grote : stripes ochre yellow \ costa orange red. 



It has been suggested to me in a letter that C. sanguinaria is a form 

 ■ot C CressonaJia with the stripes scarlet. I have not seen this latter 

 species, which appears to be a still larger form. 




78 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



A NEW BUTTERFLY FROM TEXAS. 



BY G. M. DODGE, LOUISIANA, MO. 



Nisoniades Llano, n. sp. 



Expanse about one inch. Primaries with inner two-thirds black,, 

 marked by a triangular brown patch near base, resting on internal margin;; 

 a large similarly-coloured patch at outer end of cell, touching the costa, 

 and bordered by a pale-brown line, which, starting from the costa about 

 one-third of the distance from the apex, curves outward opposite the 

 discal cell, and runs diagonally across to about the middle of the inner 

 margin, and is twinned at its lower extremity by a similar line, which 

 precedes it, and extends from inner margin to just across the median vein> 



The outer third of the wing is crossed by two bluish-gray, curved 

 bands, the inner being about twice the width of the other. They 

 are separated by a narrow dark line. The outer band seems to be 

 composed of small whitish spots, but that and the fringe are covered by 

 bluish-gray scales. At the inner angle the fringe is slightly tipped with 

 white. 



The posteriors are crossed by an irregularly-curved band of large 

 diffuse pale spots submarginally. A short row of similar spots lies across 

 the discal area, and two or three such spots appear between this last and 

 the base. The wing is thus transversely divided into three dark and 

 three light spaces or bands. The fringe is white, dusky at the angles, and 

 with black spots on its base at the extremity of the veins. Below, the 

 primaries are dark, with a single small, but conspicuous, white spot near 

 apex, between the second and third subcostal nervures. A regularly- 

 curved band of pale spots corresponds to the broad band above, 

 and beyond this is a terminal row of small, somewhat indistinct, spots. 

 The fringe is dark, with white at inner angle and some white spots along 

 its base, extending in a row nearly to the apex. Secondaries marked as 

 above, but the spots are smaller, better defined, and do not give the wing 

 the banded appearance so conspicuous on the upper side. 



One example, Llano County, Texas. 



Mailed February 28th, 1903. 




I|e €aitartiait Jntanialaijbt. 



Vol. XXXV. LONDON, APRIL, 1903. No. 4 



THE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB OE THE AMERICAN ASSOCI- 

 ATION EOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE. 



(Continued from page 61.) 



Friday Evening, January 2, 1903. 

 The Entomological Club of the A. A. A. S. was called together for its 

 second regular session on Friday evening at 7.30 o'clock, in the Columbia 

 Law School, with the President, Mr. Schwarz, in the chair, and the 

 following members present : Messrs. Althouse, Barber, Bradley, Burke, 

 Currie, Hines, Hopkins, Mann, Marlatt, Herbert Osborii, Osburn, 

 Quaintance, Webb. The minutes of the last meeting were read and 

 approved. The President called on Mr. Marlatt for some entomological 

 notes, and the latter responded by giving an account of an entomological 

 collecting trip on a tour of investigation made in the interior of China, 

 west of Shanghai, on a house-boat, in the late autumn of 1901. 



A House-boat Collecting Trip in China. 



BY C. L. iMARLATT, 



Mr. President, I can give you some account of conditions in China, 

 partly entomological. This is an informal meeting, with no set pro- 

 gramme, and what I shall present will not necessarily relate to insects. I 

 had some very interesting experiences in China, and perhaps the most 

 interesting of these was a trip that I made on a house-boat into the interior 

 from Shanghai. I have alluded to this trip on one or two earlier occasions 

 without having gone at all into detail. The trip was an entomological 

 exploration, but the entomological features were not very rich. 



The region explored in this trip is the flat country lying between the 

 Yang-tse river and the Bay of Hangchow and the great interior lake, 

 Ta-Hu. It included a trip up the Whang-Poo river, on which Shanghai is 

 situated, to its head waters, where it is continued in the considerable canal, 

 passing several Chinese cities of some importance until the Grand Canal 

 is reached at Ka-Shing. From this point the Grand Canal was followed 

 as far as Samen, and then a detour was made through smaller interior 

 canals to Haining, a considerable tow  ",ty and in sight of Hang- 




80 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



chow. The return trip was made over substantially the same route. All 

 of the territory explored lies in the upper half of the province of Che- 

 Kiang. 



The Boxer troubles were all confined to three northern provinces 

 about Peking. The region which I explored in this house-boat trip 

 was not in the range of the Boxer difiiculty, nevertheless the Chinese 

 everywhere were more or less savage over the results of the foreign 

 invasions — rightly so, I think — and while in the central and southern 

 provinces they were not openly hostile, they were not exactly kindly "dis- 

 posed toward the foreigner. 



While in Japan I had made the acquaintance of some very charming 

 people who reside in Shanghai, and who promised me that when I came 

 to Shanghai they would give me a house-boat trip into the interior. At 

 the conclusion of my investigation in North China, the opportunity came 

 for this house-boat trip, but the gentleman who was to accompany me, 

 Mr. Rainer, was just starting for Europe. Nevertheless, he turned his 

 house-boat over to me, and a very comfortable boat it was, and stocked it 

 with all sorts of provisions, and employed for me a crew of seven China- 

 men, including a " Laodah " or captain who spoke a little English, the 

 balance of the crew being coolies who spoke no English at ail. In com- 

 pany with Mrs. Marlatt, I started out late one night from the city of 

 Shanghai, my little house-boat being attached to a row of seven or eight 

 Chinese boats, like a train of cars, all towed by a little steam tug. We 

 were thus taken up the river and into the interior canal system. 



It may be said that much of Eastern China is a flat country, raised 

 above the level of the sea only a few feet, and all this area is broken up 

 by innumerable canals, which take the place of roads. The Grand Canal 

 of China runs from Hangchow for hundreds of miles northward, crossing 

 the great Yang-tse and Yellow rivers, until it finally reaches Peking. It is an 

 enormous canal, running, so far as I know, its entire length without 

 locks, on a uniform level. We cannot imagine such a condition anywhere 

 else in the world except in China ; nowhere else could a canal be run for 

 such a length and across the great rivers on the water level as this and 

 others do in China. 



The morning after our start found us in this netvi^ork of canals, 

 abandoned by our campanion boats and little steam tug, and making the 

 slow progress possible with a single stern oar. We passed many Chinese 

 towns and villages, and finally struck the Grand Canal, which we followed 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 81 



for a considerable distance, to leave it again for a long country detour, 

 which finally brought us to the town of Haining. This is just below and 

 in sight of the great town of Hangchow, situated at the southern terminus 

 of tlie (Irand Canal. Some of the branch or interior canals are large and 

 important, or perhaps streams widened and straightened ; others are 

 narrow, and some of them mere ditches, scarcely large enough for the boat 

 to go through, and with numerous stone bridges which offered serious 

 obstacles to our progress. 



You can easily imagine that a trip of this sort was very interesting. 

 It afforded wonderfully good opportunities to gain an acquaintance with 

 the whole interior flat country of this portion of China. It was possible 

 any time to leave the boat and get out and walk along the side of the 

 canal. As stated, the boat v/as propelled, after the first night, merely by 

 tlie single oar at the stern, "eulowing" it is called, and the speed was about 

 that of a slow walk, so there was plenty of opportunity to take runs across 

 country, see the nature of the vegetation and the system of cultivation, to 

 study the orchards and house yards, and to make collections, and this I 

 was doing all the time at great risk of being bitten by Chinese dogs, 

 which share their owners' antipathy to the " foreign white devil." 



The portion of China explored in this way is about the equivalent in 

 latitude with northern Florida and southern Georgia, and is the northern 

 limit of the citrus region. Immediately back of Shanghai the peach is the 

 important fruit crop; in fact, this is the great peach region of China. I 

 examined a great many of these orchards and went into a great many 

 house yards, always being threatened viciously by dogs, and stared at with 

 coldness, if not savagely, by the Chinese. Very rarely did I find a China- 

 man who was at all pleasant in his demeanor, quite the opposite in this 

 respect of the conditions in Japan. Collections of scale insects were made 

 through this region, but they were very rare. The whole region is exces- 

 sively moist and hot in summer, resulting in very general fungous attack, 

 so that, with the exception of one or two species, wherever I found any 

 scale insects they were simply the remains of small colonies killed by 

 fungus. There was scarcely a living scale insect to be found at this season 

 of the year — late October. 



The citrus fruits, which began to appear at Haining, were examined 

 for scale insects, and here and at some near-by towns and villages a few 

 citrus scale insects were collected. A few species also were found on the 

 mulberry. The country traversed is a great silk, cotton and rice produc- 




82 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



ing region. Cotton is more abundantly grown immediately west of the 

 city of Shanghai, and rice in the back country. The tea districts are still 

 further westward in the hill country. Another great tea region lies back of 

 Hong Kong. 



The scale insects found on the citrus trees were mostly common 

 species, now cosmopolitan, such as the Parlatoria ziziphi and Perga/idei, 

 and the two Mytilaspis species, M. Gloveri and M. citricola. All of these 

 were very rare, usually but one or two examples being found. 



In regard to the climate of the region described, it may be said to be 

 characterized by excessive moisture from the early spring to past mid- 

 summer, accompanied with very high temperature during July and August, 

 100° F. for several days not being uncommon. In autumn the prevailing 

 conditions are bright days and dry weather, and the winter temperature 

 may fall to 12° F. or lower. Scale insects, as noted, are killed out, with 

 the exception of a few species, by this excessive moisture and high tem- 

 perature. 



The region to the north, extending to the mountains above Peking and 

 connecting with the great Gobi desert, is much drier, the rains all coming 

 in the spring and early summer, and a long period of six or seven months 

 following, from September to February or March, with no rain, every day 

 bright, sunny and dry, except for occasional dust storms from the desert. 

 In this northern region it is very cold in winter. 



The only scale insect which seems to thrive in central China, from 

 Shanghai westward to the Grand Canal, is one of the Ceroplastes, probably 

 Ceroplastes riibefis. This species of wax scale occurs all through this 

 region, and is especially abundant on the holly, sometimes absolutely 

 covering this plant, leaf and branch. It occurs scatteringly also on many 

 other plants. Climatic conditions do not check this scale insect, which is 

 kept down somewhat, however, by predaceous ladybirds, especially the 

 Chilocorus similis, which was always with it in numbers and feeds on the 

 larval scales. 



Other insect damage was very little in evidence. Not being a specialist 

 in Coleoptera, I was not fitted to make collections of injurious beetles, but 

 in going through the mulberry groves, peach orchards, etc.,. there certainly 

 was no evidence of serious insect damage. In other words, I did not see 

 any evidence of the work of borers in mulberry or peach. In the case of 

 the mulberry the trees were wonderfully healthy, covered with an enormous 

 crop of the second growth of leaves. The Chinese at the time of my trip 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 83 



— in October— were busily stripping the trees of these leaves, and carrying 

 them away in great baskets, to be used as winter forage — all of the second 

 crop of leaves being made use of in that way. 



Wherever I went there was ample evidence of the importance of the 

 silk industry. In the little hamlets and farmhouses that I entered I fre- 

 quently found the fittings for silkworm rearing. At this season the old 

 baskets — great, flat, narrow-rimmed ones — in which the silkworms are fed 

 in May and June, were being used to dry the late crop of cotton bolls. 

 One frequently saw rows of these baskets in the house yards overspread 

 wiih a small lot of bolls exposed to the sun to hasten their opening. 



The mulberry is grown in little orchards or narrow groves lining the 

 banks of the canals and irrigating ditches. The trees have the appearance 

 of osier-willow stumps from the habit of the natives of cutting off all the 

 shoots close to the stump during the feeding season, in May and June. 

 These shoots are either stripped at once of their leaves, or are made up 

 into bundles and taken home to be stripped afterwards. A traveller 

 going through this same region in midsummer has noted that all the mul- 

 berries have a wintry appearance, or resemble a collection of dead stumps, 

 but the rains which fall copiously during June and July, and the natural 

 fertility of the soil, which is increased by cultivation and fertilizing immedi- 

 ately after the branches are removed, soon bring out a succulent new 

 growth, developing a second and enormous crop of leaves, the same, in 

 fact, which were being gathered at the season of the year of my visit. The 

 traveller referred to above, Mr. Fortune, says that the worms are fed in the 

 numerous little farm cottages, commonly in dark rooms fitted up with 

 shelves placed one above another from the ground to the roof of the house. 

 The worms are kept in the big bamboo sieves or baskets already described, 

 evidently exactly after the manner which I had observed in Japan. The silk 

 products of this district are considered among the finest of China, and the 

 output must be very considerable. Those interested in the culture of the 

 silkworm from the native Chinese standpoint, should see the little transla- 

 tion made by a missionary of an old Chinese work on the subject, which 

 recently came into the possession of the Department of Agriculture. 



The country penetrated is practically without forest areas. The main 

 cultures, as stated, are rice and cotton, with the mulberry growing in little 

 orchard strips along the banks of the canals. Usually at each farmhouse 

 there would be a few trees — peach, plum, etc. The common shade trees 

 are the weeping willow, occurring scatteringly along the canals, a species 




84 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



of elm, and the maiden-hair tree, with occasional small clumps of bamboo, 

 usually as yard plants, or in the cemeteries of the rich, where also may 

 occur a (evf pines and the Cryptomeria japonica. There is little, there- 

 fore, to give a forest clothing to the country, but if one climbs any of the 

 many-storied pagodas which occurred from time to time and takes a look 

 over the country, the abundance of the mulberry as seen in profile and the 

 few trees noted about the hamlets and cemeteries makes the country look 

 fiiirly well forested. 



This region, as stated at the outset, had not been reached by the 

 Boxer movement, and we felt perfectly safe in going about alone and with 

 no knowledge of the language. We took all our provisions with us, and 

 were not dependent on the Chinese for anything, except some birds or 

 game which our " Laodah " got for us. 



This trip through the interior offered opportunities to study other 

 forms of insects, especially mosquitoes. I collected at Hainingsome very 

 interesting mosquitoes, including a rare species of Anopheles (A. Sinensis 

 va?n(s), as determined by Mr. Coquillett. The nights were spent on the 

 canal in the boat, and we were bitten a good many times by these 

 Anopheles. They were very difficult fellows to catch; in other words, the 

 boat was open, and they would fly out before morning, but I managed to 

 get a number of specimens. Mosquitoes, however, instead of being 

 abundant, as one would have supposed in an open country devoted to rice 

 culture and under water much of the year, and intersected with canals, 

 which are permanent waterways, were very little in evidence, and, in point 

 of fact, except at Haining, we were not troubled by them at all. 



Mann : Did you find anybody who knew anything about entomology.? 



Marlatt : Tiiere is in Shanghai a Mr. A. Arthur, an Englishman, 

 formerly connected widi the Kew Gardens, and now in charge of the 

 Botanical Garden, and of all the street reservations and cemeteries, etc., 

 belonging to the European portion of Shanghai. He knew a little as a 

 gardener would about insects. 



Mann : No native entomologists? 



Marlatt : No native entomologists. A missionary. Dr. Barchet, 

 who acts as interpreter for the American Legation, and lives near Shanghai, 

 is an amateur botanist of some note, and has collected and studied the 

 plants of this region for twenty-five years in connection with a German 

 botanist. Dr. Faber, who is to be credited with much of our knowledge of 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. So 



Chinese botany. A good many of the plants in the Kew Gardens were 

 obtained tlirough these two men, especially Dr. Faber. Some years since, 

 Dr. Faber, who was also a missionary, went into the interior of China and 

 took his '(lants with him, and died there, and his collection is supposed to 

 have been lost. Dr. Barchet has a duplicate, in part, of the Faber collec- 

 tion, and I went through it, especially the Rosaceae, and examined the 

 wild cherry, apple, pear, Cratjegus, etc., which had been collected in the 

 hill country further inland than I had reached, with the hope of finding 

 some insects on the herbarium specimens, and also to get some knowledge 

 of these wild fruits. But of entomological workers there are none in 

 Shanghai. 



Foreign collectors have done a great deal of work in China, notably 

 a wealthy Englishman, the late Dr. John Henry Leech, who spent several 

 years collecting Lepidoptera in China, and was for a time the owner of 

 '• The Entomologist." Much of the results is included in his " Butterflies 

 from China, Japan, and Corea," a sumptuous 3-vol. work. I met, oddly 

 enough, in going from Shanghai southward, a brother of Mr. Leech, who, 

 however, has no special interest in entomology, but is an attache of the 

 British Legation in Rome, and was taking a vacation trip around the 

 world. 



\Vhile there has been a good deal of insect collecting in China, the 

 greater portion of the country is absolutely unexplored entomologically. 

 Very few foreigners have ever gone through the interior provinces, and 

 in some of these the inhabitants are savage and unfriendly. In the vicinity 

 of all the trading towns there has been some collecting, but the interior 

 region is practically unexplored by scientists — that is, by collectors of 

 plants or insects. Plants have been studied, and especially the horticul- 

 tural sorts, more than insects, and explorers were sent out by the Horti- 

 cultural Society of England early in the last century to secure new and 

 rare plants for the English Gardens, and especially the Kew Gardens. A 

 Mr. Fortune, already mentioned, was sent out in this way, and spent three 

 years in China, between 1842 and 1845, ^"^ sent home shiploads of 

 plants, including plums, peaches, mulberries, etc. His explorations were 

 very limited, although reading them they seemed to cover a good deal of 

 ground ; but when one comes to examine his itinerary. Fortune in his 

 three years saw but little more of the country than I did, although, of course, 

 much more minutely. His longest trip into the interior was practically a 

 duplicate of the one I have just described, and he made a few explorations 

 along the coast region as far north as Peking. 




80 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



I have limited my story to the house-boat trip, and cannot take time 

 to describe the horticultural and agricultural conditions of North China, 

 which, in fact, I have briefly discussed elsewhere. 



QuAiNTANCE : I should like to ask Mr. Marlatt if anything is' being 

 done in entomology in China at all ; if there are any Chinese entomolo- 

 gists or collectors in China that he knows of. What is the status of the 

 science in China ? 



Marlatt: I know very little about that matter fiom the Chinese 

 side. It is very diflicult to get at Chinese knowledge or practices except 

 by long residence there. Undoubtedly the Chinese horticulturists do 

 something for the control of various insect pests. As a rule, however, 

 their interest in insects is chiefly from the standpoint of medicine, and 

 most insects are considered useful in the control of disease, their 

 ideas being the reverse of views now obtaining in this country, where 

 insects are now known to often be the transmitters of disease. If the old 

 saying be true, however, that " the hair of the dog cures the bite," the 

 Chinese have plausible grounds for their beliefs that insects will cure 

 disease ! 



The curious packages of May-beetle larvie with fungus growing out of 

 them, illustrations of which most of you have seen, come from this region 

 and the jirovinces of the Upper Yang-tse. This fungus, Coj-ydyceps 

 Chinensis, is much esteemed as medicine, and is described and figured in 

 Vol. IV., Insect Life, p. 217. 



Whenever I was seen collecting insects by Chinamen, they immedi- 

 ately supposed I was getting the insects for medicine ; that seemed to be 

 the common idea among Chinese everywhere, and they immediately 

 wanted to know what I was going to use them for, and undoubtedly I 

 could have started the use of insects for any variety of purposes in the way 

 of " cure-alls " if I had felt so inclined. The Chinese have a large no- 

 menclature of insects — that is, they have names for all the common 

 species of insects — and they have treatises relating to the culture of the 

 silkworm, but I have never seen any treatise relating to insects other 

 than the silkworm. 



Hopkins : Mr. President, I might say in my own ex[)loration, not of 

 China, but of Chinatown, San Francisco, I was very much interested in 

 the kinds of insects they used for medicine. I noted especially a very large 

 pupa shell of a Cicada, quite a large bottle full of them. I think they used 

 them as an antidote for rheumatism, or something of that kind. I saw 




:>'? 



THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 8 



them mixing up a dose for an individual who came into the drug store — 

 or whatever they called the place w^here they had this medicine — and the 

 druggist took down different bottles of all sorts of things, and spread out 

 a paper on the counter and laid out a handful of one thing after another, 

 until he had about half a gallon of all sorts of mixtures, which he bottled 

 up, and the Chinaman put it under his arm and went off. 



ScHWARZ : Gentlemen, I suppose you are all familiar with the fact that 

 the Chinese not only use insects for medicine, but they also use them as an 

 article of trade. I think Mr. Mann and many of us must have seen those 

 collections of insects which the Chinese have offered for sale to the Euro- 

 peans who visit Hong Kong and other ports. I have seen several of these 

 sets, always arranged in the same manner and including the same species. 

 The insects are pinned on old English needles and arranged in an artistic 

 figure in a glass-covered box, opening from beneath. 



QuAiNTANCE : Have insects any real medicinal value ? 



ScHWARZ : Well, if you believe in a thing, it will help you, certainly. 



ScHWARZ : Hong Kong is, of course, one of the best known points 

 in regard to entomology, because for many years it has been an English 

 settlement. In regard to Shanghai and the country back of it, the French 

 missionaries have especially taken pains to collect insects as best they 

 could. 



Marlatt : You remind me of something that I had forgotten, in your 

 remarks, Mr. President, namely, that I visited this French missionary 

 establishment situated back of Shanghai, where for many years a certain 

 priest, I think the Rev. Hue, has' studied and collected insects. I went 

 out especially to see him, and had forgotten the event until you reminded 

 me of it. This considerable French mission lies several miles out of 

 Shanghai, and with its big buildings is a very comfortable place, and 

 possesses a large museum, in which are specimens kept as we keep them 

 in our museums, of all sorts of birds and animals of the country, and a 

 considerable collection of insects. The collection of insects was in a 

 number of boxes, but in rather bad condition, and I was informed that the 

 old priest who had been responsible for the museum and its collections 

 was on his deathbed. I did not see him, therefore, but I did examine his 

 collection, and it showed great industry and enthusiasm on his part, in 

 that out-of-the-way corner of the world. His collections were, however, 

 in such a condition that they could not survive very long. 



(To be continued.) 




88 



THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



LARVAL CHARACTERS OF PACHYGASTRL/^ TRIFOLII AND 



AGLIA TAU. 



BY HARRISON G. DYAR, WASHINGTON, D. C. 



I have postponed replying to Mr. Bacot's communication (Can. Ext., 

 XXXV., 44-47) until I could examine his preparations. He has kindly 

 sent them to me, and they seem definitely to settle the two points 

 that remain at issue. The Ag/ia tau is in fluid, and shows a number of 

 secondary setas as described by Mr. Bacot. These setae are short 

 and unusually weak, so that in my own specimen, which is dried, inflated, 

 they had become partly shrivelled, partly broken in transit. I do not 

 think, after examining Mr. Bacot's specimen, that they can be regarded 

 otherwise than as true set*, and I am very willing to acknowledge myself 

 corrected. This correction, if applied to my synoptic table of Saturnian 

 genera (Tutt, Brit. Lep., HL, 272), makes my divisions stronger and 

 sharper than before, allying Aglia more strongly than ever with Attacus 

 and Saturn i a. 



The Pachygastria trifolii, in stage L, was new to me, but it shows 

 the normal structure exactly as I had anticipated. Tubercle v, which Mr. 



Bacot professes himself unable to find 

 any trace of, "single haired or otherwise,'' 

 is present in the normal position below 

 and before iv (see figure i). It is small 

 and single haired, but I see it distinctly 

 on several segments of the best-preserved 

 larva (in balsam on a slidej. The general 

 wart pattern corresponds with Mala- 

 cosoma, but the warts are more nearly 

 equal, ii, iii and iv not being reduced ; vi 

 is double, the halves well separated and 

 V distinct, while the secondary warts at the 

 anterior margins of the segments are well 

 developed. I do not anticipate that any 

 Lachneid will be found with tubercles 

 iv and v united. That condition is 

 uncharacteristic for the Bombycid phy- 

 lum, though it obtains commonly in the 

 Tineid lines. On this ground I would criticise Mr. Bacot's citation 

 of Anthrocera and Marasmarcha (Can. Ent., XXX V\, 45), which are 



Fig. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 89 



Tineid genera, as analogies for the probable structure of PacJiyi^astni, 

 a Bombycid genus, although the matter is not of importance, since the 

 actual structure of Pachygastra has no need of interpretation by analogy. 



NOTES ON COLEOPTERA. 



BY CHARLES STEVENSON, MONTREAI-. 



Two good captures in the order Coleoptera were made by the young 

 collectors of Montreal last season. One was a single specimen of the 

 ground beetle, Calosoma IVilkoxi, Lee, by A. Denny, on the 26th of 

 July, when collecting under stones and leaves on the northern slopes of 

 Mount Royal. The other was a lamellicorn beetle, Odontceus obesus, 

 Lee, three specimens of which were found in a large bottle full of insects 

 caught by my son, Kenneth R. Stevenson, at the nearest light to his 

 home, on the evening of the 30th of August. 



Through the kindness of Mr. B. Tomlin, B. A., F. E. S., Chester, 

 England, I am in possession of four specimens of Cassida viridis, Linn., 

 caught by him near Cardiff, Glamorganshire, and I can find no difference 

 between them and specimens of the Tortoise beetle caught at Levis, Que., 

 last season and identified by Rev. Dr. T. W. Fyles as such. 



ENTOMOLOGICAL BRANCH OF THE OTTAWA FIELD 



NATURALISTS' CLUB. 

 The members of this section of the Club are endeavoring to create a 

 more active interest in the study of entomology by holding fortnightly 

 meetings, at the residences of the members, for the exhibition of 

 specimens, discussion thereon, and the presentation of brief papers. The 

 movement has so far proved most satisfactory, and the benefit of it has 

 been felt by every individual, in reviving and quickening their love for the 

 subject, and in aftbrding opportunity for solving of problems which every 

 collector meets with in examining insects which he has not specially 

 studied. Three meetings have already been held ; the first at the 

 residence of Dr. Fletcher, who was the principal mover in organizing the 

 meetings ; the second at Mr. Harrington's, and the third at Mr. Hulkett's. 

 They were all most enjoyable and instructive, and the two hours allotted 

 to each were fully occupied, and the discussions and exhibits will undoubt- 

 edly bear fruit in improved work in future by the members. They also 

 look forward to more systematic collecting in the approaching season, and 

 to the holding of more frequent sub-excursions. 



W. H. H. (Secretary). 




90 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



LEPIDOSAPHES versus MYTILASPIS. 



BY MRS. C. H. FERNALD, AMHERST, MASS. 



The genus Lepidosaphes was established by Dr. Shinier, in the 

 Transactions of the American Entomological Society, Vol. I., p. 372, 

 Jan., 1868, with one species (conchiforjnis =u/iHi, Linn., 1758). 

 Although the generic description is not all that could be desired, 

 it is certainly more satisfactory than the descriptions of many genera of 

 insects in this and other orders which have been accepted without 

 question. 



The generic name Mytilaspis was first pubhshed, without a word of 

 description, by Signoret, in his Catalogue of the Coccida^ in the Annales 

 de la Societe Entomologique de France (4), Vol. VIII., p. 841 (1868). 

 This paper was presented to the Society at the Seance of March 25th, 

 but was not published till later in the year. A description of this genus 

 was given by Signoret in the above-named work for 1S70, page 91. This 

 article was presented to the Society at the same time as the catalogue. 



The genus Mytilaspis was evidently first proposed by Targioni- 

 Tozzetti, in his Coccidarum Catalogus, which was published in the 

 Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali, Vol. XL, the title page of 

 which bears the date of 1S68, but the volume was published in four parts, 

 and the paper covers of these parts bear the following dates : Part L, 

 June, 1868; Part II., October, 1868; Part III., February, 1869; Part 

 IV., April, 1869. Targioni's Introduzione alia seconda Memoria per gli 

 studj sulle Cocciniglie and his Coccidarum Catalogus were both published 

 in the third part of this work, and these papers should therefore date from 

 1869 rather than from 186S, the date usually given them. 



In his Cocciniglie degU Agrumi in Italia, p. 22 (1891), Targioni gives 

 the characters of Mytilaspis, and refers to his Studi sulle Cocciniglie 

 (1867) and also to the above-named works. The name Mytilaspis, 

 however, does not occur in his Studi, and therefore was not published by 

 Targioni earlier than February, 1869. 



Signoret speaks of having received Targioni's Catalogue in Ann. Soc. 

 Ent. Fr. (4), Vol. IX., p. 113 (1869), but as it was not published at that 

 time, we must conclude that he received a manuscript copy. 



Under the circumstances it seems proper to use the generic name 

 Lepidosaphes as Kirkaldy has done in his late paper on the Coccidiv> in 

 Fauna Hawaiiensis, although, of course, we are sorry to give up the 

 familiar name Mytilaspis, 




THE CANA.DIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 91 



NEW HISTORIES IN PAPAIPEMA (HYDRCECIA). 



BY HENRY BIRD, RYE, N. Y. 

 (Conti lined from Vol. XXXIV., p. ii8.) 



There are certain species here and there among our moths which are 

 possessed of a sort of will-o'-the-wisp evasiveness, and one would as soon 

 think of encountering them in nature as of finding the mythical pot of gold 

 at the rainbow's end. The causes that bring about such conditions are, of 

 course, varied, and these species often stand represented by some unique 

 type in a distant collection. Tliat the British Museum has long taken first 

 rank in sheltering many of these uniques goes without saying, hence the 

 matter of a rediscovery becomes of more than ordinary moment. Further, 

 an additional satisfaction arises, if at a second meeting with the recluse 

 the early history is exposed as well, and we find the way open to a more 

 extended acquaintance, the while getting an insight into the specific 

 standing, had that ever been questioned. So, in the rediscovery of that 

 captivating Noctuid, Papaipema ( Hydrxcia) appassionata, one of our 

 most elusive moths has again come to light, and we have the added 

 pleasure of perusing an interesting larval history. The species was 

 described by Harvey years ago, coming from London, Ontario, and his 

 single type in the British Museum has stood perhaps as the only 

 positive representative. That it should come to light again at so distant 

 a point, seems a little surprising, though other of its congeners are equally 

 dispersed, and the insight into its life habit aids in the explanation. The 

 food-plant, Sarracefiia, though widely distributed, is native to such 

 districts, and flourishes under such wild conditions that these moths, 

 whose career runs through but a few days' duration^ would be scarcely 

 met with, and we may easily conceive of the rarity of the imago. 



That the larva should have been encountered, stood more in the line 

 of probabilities, since the quaint little pitcher plant has ever been a sub- 

 ject of interest to naturalists, and of late years especially has been 

 receiving the attention of many entomologists. Already the plant has 

 furnished details among Noctuid life -histories, those pleasing little Exyria 

 larvce having had their habits chronicled by Thaxter and Riley, while the 

 current enthusiasm concerning mosquitoes and their developments has 

 brought out the fact of a species whose young seem to be propagated in 

 the waters of the pitchers exclusively. With such an amount of expert 

 scrutiny directed to Sarracenia, we might have expected appassionaia to 

 have been met before, and this very fact augurs to the restricted and 

 localized range that colonies of the species inhabit. 




92 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



To Mr. Louis H. Joutel, the artist-naturalist, we are indebted for the 

 important disclosure, some unknown Papaipema larv?e found by him in . 

 the pine barrens of New Jersey ultimately proving this very desirable 

 species. The discovery happened at an early stage, and when later 

 it became assured that we were dealing with an unknown larva, a 

 subsequent visit to the locality extended our acquaintance to a small 

 but thriving colony. 



A first visit to the pine barrens is frauglu with many surprises, the 

 extremely distinct flora and fauna of such a district being a never-failing 

 source of enjoyment. One looks in vain for the usual thick-stemmed 

 weeds in which our boring friends are wont to occur, but tlie soil 

 conditions debar such a growth • in fact, one looking for them alone 

 would soon give up in despair. The herbaceous plant life runs to all 

 sorts of odd creations, with orchids and sundews and a host of bright 

 flowering plants in a variety of forms that bring joy to the heart of the 

 botanist. .Strange noises are in the air, as large, unfamiliar Hymenoptera 

 buzz past. Even the Cicada's note sounds queer, and the long-drawn, 

 monotonous bur-r-r-r proves to be produced by an unfamiliar form. 

 Only the mosquitoes, the untold hosts of mosquitoes, are thoroughly 

 familiar, and even here very likely many distinctive species exist, though 

 the ordinary mortal is more intent on the virtues of some repellant, rather 

 than on the variety of species that may be feasting upon the exposed 

 l)ortions of his anatomy. So it is not strange, after all, that such a locality 

 should produce some unlooked-for novelty. 



When coming to hand the young larv?e were apparently past second 

 moult, the first pair of abdominal legs being still aborted, so that a 

 slightly-looping position occurs when moving. It still on occasion would 

 spin a silken thread when sliding from an insecure footing or upon a 

 sufficient apprehension of a fall. Appearance is very similar to 

 purpurifascia, and there exists a way of working that strongly recalls this 

 species. There appeared only one difference : with purpurifascia the 

 dorsal line is continuous, with our friend of the pitchers it is suppressed 

 on joints four to eight. In the succeeding stage developments bespeak a 

 greater individuality. We have the typical Papaipema larva, of exceed- 

 ingly cylindrical build, the longitudinal stripes queerly broken at its 

 middle. The colour is a good shade of sienna, somewhat livid, the dorsal 

 and subdorsal lines ]iure white. The tubercles, thoracic and anal plates 

 are all very pronounced and follow the usual positions. On joint ten 




THE CANADIAN EN'JOMOLOGIST. 93 



there is no development of the plate IVa, at the upper corner of 

 the spiracle, as occurs with some other species. In the penultimate stage, 

 conditions are similar, the salient features of comparative value being the 

 absence of a continuous dorsal line and of IVa on joint ten. It is by 

 these points separable from purpurifascia, which it so closely per.=;onifies 

 at first glance. The large dorsal plates preceding the anal one are well 

 divided by the dorsal line ; in some other species these plates become 

 confluent. .\t maturity the length is 39 mm.; head nearly 2 mm. wide. 

 The colour does not fade to translucence entirely, but retains a distinct 

 sienna shading. Pupation occurs about the first week in August. The 

 chrysalis offers no distinguishing point. Being formed outside the burrow, 

 there is not the extreme cylindrical shape caused by a narrow aperture. 

 It is of a paler colour than usual, of slender proportions, very active, and 

 measures 20-22 mm. The species seems rather a small one, though, 

 given a larger food-plant, we might expect better developments. 

 Sarracenia is an odd plant to have been selected by a boring larva of the 

 size of the species under consideration. There beijig scarcely any stalk, 

 the larva must needs use the root, and here the supply is rarely enough in 

 one plant for attaining maturity. Workings do not extend to the pitchers 

 in any way, for though one young larva was observed to enter the plant by 

 the pitcher's tube, it is not likely this is the usual channel, since they so 

 often contain more or less water. The little Exyria larvaj can easily 

 mount the pitcher's side and keep above any water as occasion requires. 

 Indeed, it seems surprising that some insects are immune to these 

 dangers, where so many others have fallen. The remains of quantities of 

 entrapped insects are to be found in the pitcher's neck, being consumed 

 by the acids there secreted. Here is sure to flourish the slug-like maggot 

 of the Sarcophaga fly. A little further up an Exyria may have its abode. 

 Down in the root appassionata may be seeking the seclusion which has 

 stood it in such good stead for so long. An anomaly is surely presented : 

 this insectivorous plant now harmless and furnishing food for those insects 

 that have grown wise in their own and succeeding generations. 



Though not having personally viewed Harvey's type, the determina- 

 tion of the Sarracenia species is due in a measure to courtesies extended. 

 While the application of the description may be entirely satisfactory, and 

 the aid of coloured drawings has appeared to settle any reasonable doubts, 

 we must still bear in mind that species run very close in this genus at 

 times, and a single example, as in the case of this particular type, does not 




94 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



always convey all that the species really personifies. The pattern of 

 Papaipcma in a ratlier extended group of species is often so similar that a 

 verbal differentiation is sometimes difficult, yet appassionata stands by 

 itself in some details. The solid red terminal space, the bright yellow 

 lower median field, and the large white spots in an apparently restricted 

 median space, both in type and would-be duplicate, are a combination of 

 features not occurring elsewhere in the same contrast, and offer a rather 

 striking individuality when seen in the originals. Then, loo, there is a 

 Western form as yet awaiting a better familiarity, which it is expected will 

 better cement the species. That larval developments upon a proper 

 acquaintance offer such an aid in this genus is one of its satisfactory 

 features, and with the widely-increasing interest that is at present 

 developing, we may soon be assured of settling any doubtful questions. 



THE TOMB OF THOMAS SAY. 



BY F. M. WEBSTER, UliBANA, ILL. 



Entomologists in general, and Americans in particular, are much 

 interested in all that pertains to one who has justly become known as the 

 father of American entomology. 



As is generally known, the tomb containing the remains of this 

 famous naturalist is on the grounds of the old Maclure home, in the city 

 of New Harmony, Indiana.* This has recently changed owners, and the 

 old house in which Say died has been remodelled, the older portion having 

 been torn down. This was made necessary by the crumbling of the walls, 

 but the new owner, Mr. John Corbin, has only allowed this to be done 

 where it became absolutely necessary. Fortunately, Mr. Corbin fully 

 appreciates and reveres the historic old structure, and, as he stated 

 recently to me, "has desecrated it just as little as possible." 



In reply to my question as to his intentions relative to the tomb, Mr. 

 Corbin assured me that so long as he lived and possessed the premises it 

 should remain untouched, and the tone inv/hich he spoke left no doubt as 

 to his sincerity. The ground is in the centre of the city, and hence 

 valuable, but Mr. Corbin will keep his word, as I am fully convinced, and 

 it will be long years before any change is likely to occur that will affect 

 the last resting place of the dead naturalist. 



*See Entomological News, \'ol. VI., Nos. 1-4, 1895. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 95 



CLASSIFICATION OF THE FOSSORIAL, PREDACEOUS AND 

 PARASITIC WASPS, OR THE SUPERFAMILY 



VESPOIDEA. 



BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD, A. M., ASSISTANT CURATOR, DIVISION OF INSECTS, 



U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



{Paper No. 13. — Continued from Vol. XXXV., p. 44 ) 

 Family XL. — Thynnid^. 



This family, although quite distinct, is closely allied to the two which 

 follow — the Myrmosidce and the Mutillidce — and it will probably be 

 difficult for the student to separate at once the wingless females from some 

 in the families mentioned. Some authorities, having been unable to find 

 good characters to separate these wasps, have classified all together as a 

 single large family under the name iMuiillidce ; but I think incorrectly so. 



The middle coxye are not contiguous, as in the Mutillidce and Myr- 

 ntosidcE, being separated, usually, by a triangular or bilobed projection of 

 the mesosternum, while the thorax in the females is also quite distinct, 

 being divided into three parts ; in the Myrmosidce the thorax is divided 

 into two parts only, while in the Mutillidce it is undivided, the pro-, meso- 

 and meta-thorax being closely united, without distinct dividing sutures. 



The males in the three families, to a certain extent, closely resemble 

 one another, and are not so easily separated, although each family has a 

 distinct habitus peculiarly its own, which one easily recognizes with prac- 

 tice, the shape of the head, the thorax and the abdomen being slightly 

 different; the genitalia armature, however, with but {^\\ exceptions, is 

 quite different in the three families. 



Many genera have been proposed for these wasps, the majority of 

 which I consider good, although Dr. von Dalla Torre, in his Catalogus 

 Hymenopterorum, has placed most of them under the genus Thynnus, 

 Fabr., causing much confusion. This arrangement throws a great many 

 with the same specific name together, and for these he has proposed new 

 specific names, which still further complicates matters, burdens our litera- 

 ture with names that will not hold, but which must be quoted, and making 

 it exceedingly difficult to keep track of 



I find the date of Guerin's Paper on this group, published in 

 Duprerry's Voyage de la Coquille, is given as 1830, whereas, although the 

 title page is so dated, it did not appear until 1839 ; it also makes certain 

 changes in synonymy necessary. 




96 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



The family is very large and widely distributed, but is more exten- 

 sively re]jresented in South An\erica, in Australia and Africa than 

 •elsewhere, Europe and North America having only a few representatives. 



The study of the genera and species is most difficult on account of the 

 great dissimilarity of the sexes, the slowness with which material comes in, 

 and the absence of good collectors to take the sexes in coitu, so that the 

 sexes can be correctly correlated and the genera more thoroughly 

 elaborated. 



I have divided the family into three subfamilies, which may be 

 recognized by the characters employed in the following table : 



Table of Subfamilies, 



Females i . 



Males 4. 



1. Body rather short, not elongate: thorax above convex, the metathorax 



very short, obliquely truncate posteriorly, transversely compressed or 



sublamellar, more rarely long 3. 



Body elongate and slender; thorax above more or less flattened, rarely 

 convex. 



Metathorax never very short, nor transversely compressed ; 

 abdomen smooth, the second dorsal segment without transverse 



folds or carina?, the pygidium and hypopygium normal 2. 



Metathorax very short, obliquely truncate posteriorly, from the 

 base or very near the base, transversely compressed or sub- 

 lamellar; abdomen not smooth, variously sculptured, the second 

 dorsal segment more or less punctured, or rugulose, and usually 

 with two or more transverse folds or carina?, sometimes many ; 

 pygidium and hypopygium abnormal, variously 

 modified Subfamily i., Thynninse. 



2. Head transverse, much wider than long, the eyes large, the ocelli 



distinct Subfamily II., Methocinse, 



Head large, oblong, quadrate or nearly, more rarely subrotund or 

 oblrapezoidal, the eyes not large, the ocelli usually 

 wanting Subfamily III., Rhagigasterinae. 



3. Metathorax short, usually obliquely truncate from its base ; abdomen 



not wholly smooth, the second dorsal segment pimctate or rugulose, 

 and usually with two or more transverse folds or carinae.the pygidium 

 and hypopygium abnormal, variously modified, the latter usually 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 97 



dilated into a broad margin at apex, or trumpet-shaped, the former 



often striate or coarsely sculptured Subfamily I., Thynninoe. 



Metathorax not very short ; abdomen smooth, the second dorsal 

 segment without transverse folds or caringe, the pygidium and hypo- 

 pygium normal, not modified in any 

 way Subfamily III., Rhagigasterin^e. 



4. Hypopygium armed with one or more spines or teeth or trilobed. . . 5. 

 Hypopygium unartned, at apex truncate or rounded 9. 



5. Thorax elongate ; front wings with radial and cubital cells 6. 



Thorax rounded; front wings without radial and cubital cells 9. 



6. First transverse cubitus distinct, with an appendage 7. 



First transverse cubitus wanting, or if present, a/zV/^^?;;;/ an appendage . . 8. 



7. Mandibles bidentate ... .Subfamily I., Thynninse. 



Mandibles tridentate Subfamily III., Rhagigasteriuii^. 



S. Hypopygium produced at apex into a long aculeus which curves 



upwards Subfamily II., Methocinse. 



Hypopygium armed with a long aculeus which curves upwards, but 



that originates before the apex Subfamily III., Rhagigasterinse. 



9. Mandibles bidendate Subfamily I., Thynninaa. 



Mandibles tridentate Subfamily III., Rhagigasterinas. 



Subfamily I. — Thynninaj. 

 The males in this group show a wonderful difference in the structure 

 of the mouth-parts and in their genitalia, which, in time, will enable 

 the group to be divided into four or more tribes, namely, Thyimini, 

 Myrmecodini, Scotaenini, Ai?iblysomini, etc. ; but this had better not be 

 done until more of the forms, in both sexes, are known. 



Table of Genera. 

 Males 1. 



Females 29. 



1. Hypopygium armed, ending in a single triangular tooth or spine, or 



tridentate or trilobed ; sometimes 5-dentate, a small tooth on each 

 side at base in addition to the apical teeth ; sometimes oblong, 



narrowed, tridentate, or trilobed at apex • 2. 



Hypopygium u?iariiied, truncate or rounded at apex 20. 



2. Hypopygium at least tridentate or trilobed, sometimes 5-dentate. . .3. 

 Hypopygium ending in a large triangular tooth or single spine, rarely 



with indications of a lobe at the basal angles of same, the lateral 

 margins sometimes arcuate or rounded 10, 




98 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



Hy]>opygium 3dentate, or trilobed 6. 



Hypopygium 5-dentate, or with 5 spines. 



Clypeus produced and anteriorly truncate or subarcuate, with a 

 short, stout tooth or elevation at the basal lateral angles, near 



the base ot the eyes 4. 



Clypeus anteriorly not much produced, rounded, witJiout a tooth 



at the basal lateral angles 5. 



Abdomen fusiform or ovate, not longer than the head and thorax 

 united, the segments constricted at the sutures ; segments 2-3, or 

 more, with yellow or yellowish-white spots ; first ventral segment 

 with a triangular tooth or elevation near the middle, the sixth with 

 a tooth at the apical angle ; maxillary palpi 6jointed ; labial palpi 



4-jointed. (Australia) Thynnus, Fabricius. 



(Type T. dentatus, Fabr.) 



Abdomen longer than the head and thorax united, the sides nearly 



parallel, the segments more or less constricted at the sutures, black, 



immaculate, the first and sixth ventral segments normal, unarmed \ 



maxillary palpi 6-jointed, the joints short; labial palpi 4-jointed. 



(Australia.) Thynnidea, Ashm., gen. nov. 



(Type Thynnus fumipennis, Westw.) 



Metathorax with a median tooth at apex ; abdomen longer than the 



head and thorax united, cylindrical, the sides parallel, the segments 



constricted at apex, immaculate ; maxillary and labial palpi both 



4-jointed. (Australia) Iswaroides, Ashmead. 



(Type I. Koebelei, Ashm.) 

 Marginal cell at apex pointed or slightly rounded, but never truncate; 



second cubital cell not triangular. . 7. 



Marginal cell at apex truncate ; second cubital cell triangular. 



Clypeus with a median emargination anteriorly; maxillary and 



labial palpi both 3-jointed. (India) Iswara, Westwood. 



(Type I. hiteus, Westw.) 



Hypopygium not narrow, in outline triangular, 3-dentate, the middle 



tooth large, triangular, projecting far beyond the lateral teeth, which 



are usually small 8. 



Hypopygium quite differently shaped, narrower and oblong, as wide 

 or nearly at apex as at base, the sides parallel or nearly, the apex 

 usually briefly tridentate or trilobed, the teeth or lobes equal or 

 nearly, the middle tooth very rarely much longer than the lateral 

 teeth 16. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 99 



8. Clypeus produced anteriorly and entirely covering the labrum, or the 



latter only slightly visible 9. 



Clypeus not so produced, the disk thickened, convex, the labrum 

 usually large and distinctly visible, rarely partly concealed. 



Head with a prominence above the insertion of the antennie and 

 connected with the clypeus by a carina ; antennae of moderate 

 length ; fifth ventral segment ivith a tooth at each apical angle; 

 pygidium subtriangular, broader at base than long, and longi- 

 tudinally striated ; maxillary palpi 6-jointed ; labial palpi 



4-jointed. (Australia) Zaspilothynnus, Ashm., gen. nov. 



(Type Thynnus Leachiellus, Westw. ) 

 Head anteriorly with two prominences, beneath which are in- 

 serted the antennae; antennae very long; fifth ventral segment 

 without a tooth at the apical angles. 



(Australia) Tachynomyia, Guerin. 



(Type Agriomyia spinola% Guer.) 



9. Clypeus trapezoidal, truncate anteriorly. 



Maxillary palpi 6-jointed, the middle joints the longest ; labial 

 palpi 4-jomted, the first joint the shortest, without a tuft of 

 hairs at apex, joints 2-4 longer, nearly equal in 



length. (Australia) Thynnoides, Guerin. 



(Type T. fulvipes, Guer.) 



Maxillary palpi 6-jointed, the three last joints very long, much 

 longer and slenderer than the basal joints ; labial palpi 

 4-jointed, the first very long, nearly as long as joints 2-4 united, 

 with a tuft of very long hairs at 



apex. (Australia) Pseudaelurus, Ashm., gen. nov. 



(Type Aelurus abdominalis, Guerin.) 



10. Clypeus anteriorly truncate or very slightly arcuate, never emarginate; 



pygidium neither carinate at sides nor truncate at apex it. 



Clypeus anteriorly broadly, shallowly semicircularly emarginate, con- 

 cave or excised ; pygidium squarely truncate at apex and usually 

 carinate at sides, the apical lateral angles acute 15. 



11. Pygidium at apex rounded, without a median incision or emargina- 



tion 12. 



Pygidium at apex rounded, but with a median incision or emargination. 



Abdomen fusiform, maculate; hypopygium with the sides strongly 



rounded or arcuate, and ending in a rather long spine, which is 




100 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



more than three times as long as thick at base ; maxillary 

 palpi 6-iointed ,; labial palpi 4-jointed. 



(Australia) Catocheilus, Guerin. 



(Type C. Klugii, Guer.) 



12. Clypeus produced anteriorly, trapezoidal, the front margin squarely 



truncate and overlapping the mandibles, the labrum invisible : 



abdomen not smooth, more or less punctate   13- 



Clypeus very similar but not so much produced anteriorly, the man- 

 dibles wholly exposed, the labrum more or less visible ; abdomen 

 smooth, shining, or at most with fine, microscopic lines. 



Labrum narrowly transverse or arcuate, not bilobed ; hypo- 

 pygium ending in an acute spine, the lateral margins slightly 

 arcuate, the basal angles with usually a slight lobe, but not 

 acute enough to be considered a tooth ; mandibles bidentate, 

 the outer tooth the longer and larger; maxillary palpi 6 jointed, 

 the three last joints much slenderer than the preceding joints, 

 the last joint not longer than the penultimate ; labial palpi 



4-jointed Myrmecodes, Latreille. 



(Type Tiphia pedestris, Fabr.) 

 Labrum bilobed ; hypopygium ending in a spine which curves 

 slightly upwards, the lateral margino almost straight. 



Maxillary palpi 6-jointed, the last joint longer than the pe- 

 nultimate ; labial palpi 4-jointed. 



(Australia) Guerinius, Ashm., gen. nov. 



(Type Thynnus flavilabris, Guer.) 



13. First ventral segment unarmed 14. 



First ventral segment armed with a prominent median tooth. 



Head more than twice as wide as thick antero-posteriorly \ 

 abdomen maculate ; maxillary palpi 



6-jointed Agriomyia, Guerin. 



('I'ype A. maculata, Guerin.) 



14. .Abdomen ovate, maculate, the hypopygium oval, ending in a short 



spine ; maxillary palpi 6-jointed, the three last joints longer than 

 the first three ; labial palpi 4-jointed, the joints 



short Cephalothynnus, Ashm., gen. nov, 



(Type Thynnus odyneroides, Westw.) 

 .A.bdomen fusiform, longer than the head and thorax united, the hypo- 

 pygium triangularly pointed, the sides only slightly arcuate ; 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 101 



maxillary palpi 6-jointed, the second and the last joint longer than 

 joints 3-5 ; labial palpi 4-jointed, 



short Hemithynnus, Ashm., gen. nov. 



(Type Thynnus hyalinatus, Westw.) 



15. Maxillary palpi 6-jointed, long, the joints, except the first, which is 



very short, long, subequal, the last joint the slenderest and a little 

 the longest ; labial palpi 5-jointed. (South 



America) Elaphroptera, Guerin. 



(Type Myrmecodes dimidiatus, Hal. 



16. Hypopygium ending in three small, equal or nearly equal, triangular 



teeth, rarely with the middle tooth much longer than the lateral, or 



spined 17. 



Hypopygium ending in three small, equal, rounded lobes 19. 



17. Clypeus subproduced and anteriorly emarginate, excised or 



bidentate 18. 



Clypeus produced, trapezoidal, the anterior margin truncate, never 

 emarginate or excised. 



Abdomen elongate, subcylindrical, smooth, shining, spotted with 

 yellow, much longer than the head and thorax united ; first 

 joint of flagellum only about half the length of the second ; 

 hypopygium at apex 3-spined, the middle spine the 



longest. (Australia) Aeolothynnus, Ashm., gen. nov. 



(Type A. multiguttatus, Ashm.) 

 iS. Abdomen oblong-oval or fusiform, longer than the head and thorax 

 united, the segments banded or maculate with white or 

 yellow. (South America). . . . Pseudelaphroptera, Ashm., gen. nov. 



(Type Elaphroptera Spinols, Sauss.) 



19. Clypeus broadly, semicircularly emarginate anteriorly, leaving a deep 



concave space ; metathorax with two deep impressions or short 

 furrows at apex ; maxillary palpi long, 5-jointed, the first joint 

 short ; maxillary palpi 4-jointed ; abdomen elongate, narrowed 

 towards base, shining, but microscopically shagreened. 



(South America) Pycnothynnus, Ashm., g. nov. 



(Type Elaphroptera atra, Guer. 



20. Third cubital cell, along the cubitus, shorter than the second or no 



longer 21. 



Third cubital cell distinctly longer than the second 22. 




102 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



21. Clypeus subproduced, with a slight median sinus or incision anteriorly, 



the labrum well developed ; maxillary palpi 5-jointed ; labial palpi 



4-jointed. (Australia) Anthobosca, Guerin. 



(Type A. Australasise, Guer. 



22. Mandibles narrower, curved, the teeth acute ,; abdomen oblong, fusi- 



form or subcylindrical, as long or longer than the head and thora.x 

 united 23. 



Mandibles broad, the apical tooth large, obtuse, the inner tooth with 

 a long cutting face ; abdomen oval, hardly as long as the thorax or 

 no longer. 



Head about twice as wide as thick antero-posteriorly, not wider 

 than the thorax ; pronotum short, transverse ; mesonotum 

 fully as wide as long, with two furrows ; metathorax short, 



rounded behind Amblysoma, Weslw. 



(Type A. Latreillei, Westw.) 



23. First transverse cubitus with an appendage 24. 



First transverse cubitus without an appendage. 



Abdomen long, cylindrical, the first segment much longer than 

 wide at apex, petioliform. (South 



America) Klugianus, Ashm , gen. nov. 



(Type Thynnus haematodes, Klug.) 



24. Clypeus produced and anteriorly broadly truncate, trapezoidal .... 25. 

 Clypeus anteriorly not broadly truncate, slightly rounded, subemar- 



ginate, deeply triangularly emarginate, or bidenlate 26. 



25. Clypeus with a median carina; maxillary palpi 6-jointed, slender; 



labial palpi 4-jointed ; abdomen maculate or fasciate with 



yellow. (Australia) Zeleboria, Saussure. 



(Type Thynnus carinatus, Smith.) 



Clypeus without a median carina ; maxillary palpi 6-jointed, not 

 slender ; labial palpi 4-jointed ; abdomen with white spots, the 

 hypopygium near the tip with a pointed and a clavate appendage 



of hairs Psammothynnus, Ashm., gen. nov. 



(Type Thynnus depressus, Westw.) 



26. Hypopygium not prominently projecting, always obtuse or truncate at 



apex 27. 



Hypopygium much narrowed, narrowly rounded at apex, and 

 prominently projecting beyond the tip of the abdomen. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 103 



Clypeus anteriorly subtriangularly emarginate or tridentate ; 

 maxillary palpi 6 jointed, the first joint short, the following 

 joints longer, subequal ; labial palpi 4-jointed, the first joint 

 shorter than the 2nd and 3rd united ; abdomen spotted. 



(South America) Spilothynnus, Ashm., gen. nov. 



(Type Thynnus laetus, Klug.) 



27. Clypeus anteriorly subemarginate, deeply emarginate or 



tridentate 28. 



Clypeus anteriorly rounded, not emarginate. 



Abdomen fusiform, a little longer than the head and thorax 

 united, maculate or fasciate ; maxillary palpi 6-jointed, the 

 last three joints much longer than the first three, or twice as 

 long; labial palpi 4-jointed, joints i and 4 longer and slenderer 

 than 2 and 3, which are short, stout. (South 



America x^nodontyra, Westwood.) 



(Type A. tricolor, Westw.) 



28. Clypeus anteriorly subemarginate; maxillary palpi 6-jointed, joints 1-3 



rather short, joints 4-6 long, subequal, five or six times longer than 



thick ; labial palpi 4-jointed, the first joint long and slender, about 



as long as 2-4 united ; abdomen fasciate. (South America.) 



Clypeus anteriorly bidentate ; maxillary palpi 6-jointed, the joints 



obconical, unequal, the first four short, the third and fourth much 



longer than the second. (South America) Ornepetes, Gue'rin. 



(Type O. nigriceps, Gue'r.) 



29. Pygidium not very narrow, oblong, rounded at apex, usually shagreened, 



punctate, rugulose or striate; if smooth, which is rare, it is curiously 

 modified, compressed towards base and broadened into an elevation 

 posteriorly ; basal segment of abdomen ivithout a strongly curved 

 furrow on each side or a strong transverse furrow before the apex.. 30. 

 Pygidium very narrow, smooth and shining; basal abdominal segment 

 tvith a strongly curved furrow on each side, or a deep, transverse 

 furrow before apex. 



Basal abdominal segment with a strongly curved furrow on each 

 side ; second segment with about three transverse folds or 

 carinse ; pygidium with two pencils of long golden hairs that 

 curve and meet above the narrow elevation on 



its disk Thynnus, Fabricius. 



Basal abdominal segment with a strong transverse furrow just 

 before apex ; second segment with three transverse folds or 




104 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



carinse ; pygidium long, lanceolate, broadest at apex, without 



the two pencils of golden hairs Thynnidea, Ashm. 



30. Head seen from above }iot triangular, usually transverse, subtjuadrale 



or obtrapezoidal 31. 



Head seen from above triangular. 



Eyes small, oval, extending to base of mandibles : cly[jeus very 

 short, truncate ; mandibles falcate, pointed at apex ; maxillary 

 palpi 4Jointed ; labial palpi 3-iointed 3 second segment of 

 abdomen with two transverse folds or carinee towards 

 apex Iswaroides, Ashmcad. 



3 I. Pronotum;/^/ quadrate, obtrapezoidal, or wider in front than behind.. 33. 

 Pronotum quadrate, usually, however, a little wider than long, but not 

 wider in front than behind. 



Head not or scarcely wider than the thorax, the latter not 



especially narrow 32. 



Head much wider than the thorax, the latter being very narrow, 

 with the sides parallel ; dorsal abdominal segments i and 2 

 strongly transversely furrowed ; pygidium oval or nearly and 

 longitudinally striate Catocheilus, Guerin. 



32. Clypeus slightly produced, truncate anteriorly, the labrum visible as 

 a narrow transverse line, ciliate ; mandibles narrow, acute at apex ; 

 maxilary palpi 6-jointed, not short; labial palpi 4-jointed. 



(Australia) Entelus, Westwood. 



(Type E. bicolor, VVestw.) 



Clypeus short, broadly truncate anteriorly, but the labrum not visible ; 

 mandibles falcate, rounded at apex; maxillary and labial palpi both 

 4-jointed ; first abdominal segment with a broad, finely shagreened 

 depression at apex, the second segment with two transverse carinae, 

 the intermedian space between the carinse shagreened, opaque ; 

 l)ygidium narrowly compressed towards apex and then abruptly 



dilated or trumpet-shaped Spilothynnus, Ashm. 



2^1- Head large, obtrapezoidal, subquadrate or subglobose, the temples or 

 the space back of the eyes very broad, without furrows or impres- 

 sions extending from the antennae to the vertex 34. 



Head transverse, much wider than thick antero-posteriorly, the 

 temples not especially broad, with sometimes two furrows or 

 impressions extending from antennse to vertex 41 . 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 105 



34. Head subquadrate or subglobose 35. 



Head large, obtrapezoidal, the temples abnormally broad. 



Abdomen oblong oval, the second dorsal segment with three or 

 four transverse folds or carina; ; pygidium long oval, longi- 

 tudinally striate; labrum longly ciliated; maxillary palpi minute, 

 2-jointed ; labial palpi 4-jointed, the last joint as long as joints 

 1-3 united. (Australia.) Cephalothynnus, Aslim. 



35. Head subquadrate or subglobose, the hind angles rounded, the 



temples about four times the width of the eye 36. 



Head almost quadrate, only a little wider than long, the temples only 

 about twice the width of the eye. 



Abdomen large, oblong-oval, the second dorsal segment with 

 about five transverse carinas ; pygidium long, ellipzoidal, very 

 slightly narrowed at the middle and longitudinally striate ; 

 labrum hardly visible, ciliate; maxillary palpi minute, 2-jointed; 

 labial palpi short, 3-jointed, the second joint the longest and 

 thickest (?) Thynnidea, Ashm. 



36. Metathorax with the disk of the oblique truncation flat but not 



concave 37. 



Metathorax with the disk of the oblique truncation concave or sub- 

 concave. 



Abdomen large, oblong-oval, the second dorsal segment coarsely 

 rugulose,\vith two transverse folds or carinse at apex; pygidium 

 longitudinally rugulose Elaphroptera, Guerin. 



37. Metathorax without a hump-like elevation at base just behind the 



scutellum 38. 



Metathorax with a hump-like elevation at base just behind the 

 scutellum. 



Second abdominal segment with a transverse fold or carina near 

 base and another near apex, the intermediate space very 

 coarsely rugulose; pygidium oblong-oval, finely, longitudinally 

 aciculated towards apex Pycnothynnus, Ashm. 



38. Metathorax obliquely truncate from the base, without a distinct 



metanotum , 39. 



Metathorax with a short but distinct metanotum, trapezoidal, the 

 truncation abrupt, perpendicular ; abdomen with a depression near 

 apex and a delicate transverse carina just before apex; the 

 depression finely coriaceous; second segment with a depression 




lOG THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



from the middle which is iiigulose ; pygidium oblong-oval, nigulose 

 towards base ; mandibles with a sinus before apex, appearing 



bidentate Anodontyra, Westwood. 



39- Clypeus wiihout a trace of a median carina, the anterior margin 



truncate  • 40. 



Clypeus with a. more or less distinct median carina, the anterior 

 margin subangularly produced. 



Pygidium oblong-oval, longitudinally striate, and with a -lobe or 

 tooth on each side before the apex; first abdominal segment 

 with traces of transverse carina or elevated lines at apex, the 

 second segment with many transverse folds or carina^, 1 7 or 

 more ; metathorax sloping from its 

 base Myrmecodes, Latreille (partim). 



40. Pygidium oblong, with a more or less elongate, lanceolate elevation 



on its disk gradually broadened posteriorly, the elevation with 

 some longitudinal lines towards base, smooth at apex ; first 

 abdominal segment with a depression at apex, the second segment 

 with live transverse folds or carina^, metathorax sloping from a little 

 beyond its base, leaving a short but distinct 

 metanotum Thynnoides, Guerin. 



41. l^ygidium very narrow, or strongly compressed towards base, with an 



elevation towards apex 42. 



Pygidium neither very narrow nor compressed towards base, without 

 an elevation or disk, above flat or subconvex, striate, punctate or 

 rugulose 45. 



42. Head about twice as wide as thick antero-posteriorly, or three times as 



wide as thick when viewed from above. 



Second dorsal abdominal segment with three or more transverse 



folds or carin^e 43. 



Second dorsal segment with only oiie transverse carina just before 



apex, the anteriorly portion rudely 



punctate Psammothynnus. Ashm., gen. nov. 



43. Second abdominal segment \y'\\\\7nany transverse folds orcarinse. .44. 

 Second abdominal segment with three transverse folds or carinae. 



Pygidium elongate, smooth, the hypopygium with two converging 



carinae at base Zelaboria, Saussure. 



(Type Thynnus carinatus. Smith.) 



44. Second abdominal segment with 20 or more transverse carinse, the 



first segment with a transverse furrow just before apex, the third and 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 1U7 



following segments smooth ; head with a concave depression above 

 each antenna that extends to the vertex ; pygidium strongly com- 

 pressed at the middle, and then broadened into an oval plate, the 

 basal portion, which is separated from the oval apical portion by 

 the strongly compressed portion, is transversely striated, while the 

 apical portion is smooth Zaspilothynnus, Ashni. 



Second abdominal segment with about 13 or 14 transverse carin?e, the 

 first segment with many oblique strise at the sides towards apex, the 

 following segments after the second shining but microscopically 

 shagreened, with a few scattered feeble punctures, especially notice- 

 able on apex of the two last segments ; pygidium compressed 

 basally, dilated apically, but with an emargination on each side at 

 apex, smooth and without transverse striae at 

 base Tachynomyia, Guerin. 



45. Clypeus without a median ridge 46. 



Clypeus tvith a median ridge. 



Pygidium not very narrow, deflexed apically, longitudinally 

 striated, and with a tooth or lobe at each side towards the 

 base ; mandibles broad and flat, obtuse at apex, with a longi- 

 tudinal grooved line along the inner margin and another along 

 the outer margin for a little more than half 



their length Myrmecodes Latreille. 



(Type Tiphia pedestris, Fabr.) 



46. Head without convex impressions extending from the antennas to ver- 



tex, SLibopaque; clypeus transversely narrowed, with a slight median 

 tooth anteriorly ; mandibles long, falcate ; second dorsal abdominal 

 segment with a transverse carina near base and another near apex, 

 the intermediate space multistriated transversely; pygidium oblong- 

 oval, longitudinally striated with a notch on each side before apex ; 

 maxillary palpi 3 -jointed ; labial palpi 

 4-jointed Hemithynnus, Ashmead. 



Head with two convex impressions extending from the antennae to 

 the apex ; clypeus transversely narrowed, with a slight median 

 sinus anteriorly ; mandibles, falcate, acute ; pygidium strongly com- 

 pressed at sides just before the apex, then dilated, and as seen from 

 behind appearing as an oval elevation more or less transversely 

 aciculated, rarely smooth . Agriomyia, Guerin. 




i08 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 



A FEW LAST WORDS TO DR. WASMANN. 



BY 'IHOS. L. CASEY, ST. LOUIS, MO. 



I have read with some interest Dr. Wasmann's " Last Reply '" in the 

 March number of this journal (page 74), and hasten to say that I was by no 

 means " angry " when I wrote the answer referred to. I was only pained 

 to think that a man of Dr. Wasmann's eminence in the scientific world 

 would stoop to send to a colleague a specimen without marks of any kind 

 for identification, in order to have him commit himself to an opinion when 

 deprived of the subtle influence of at least a locality label. 



I feel sure that upon reflection Dr. Wasmann will not hold me 

 responsible for his failure to glance over the matter referred to in my 

 paper, which, the heading stated, comprised other studies besides the 

 revision of Corylophidre, etc., or for my being at a loss to understand the 

 correspondence in the light of current events. 



I did not send Dr. Wasmann a copy of my reply, because, as he had 

 used this journal as a vehicle of publication, 1 supposed that he was 

 accustomed to reading it regularly. Not a single copy of my "extras" has 

 been sent out to anyone, it seeming preferable to me that the article in 

 question should be known only within the sphere of circulation of the 

 journal in which his original article and my reply appeared. Dr. 

 Wasmann has evidently misinterpreted the motive of my failure to send 

 him a copy, and I therefore make this explanation. 



If I went too far in misconstruini:^ Dr. Wasmann's actions in this 

 matter, which is not very momentous from any point of view, it will give 

 me pleasure to retract whatever may have wronged him. Our entomo- 

 logical friends have the full history of the issue, and can form their own 

 conclusion. 



A PRESENT TO THE SOCIETY. 



The Entomological Society of Ontario has been kindly remembered 

 by Messrs. j. and H. Comstock, Evanston, 111., in a contribution to its 

 collection of a number of butterflies taken by themselves in a trip through 

 Colorado during the season of 1902. Carefully done up in papers, named 

 and dated, with the localities in which they were taken, these specimens 

 are of special interest as representing much-discussed forms of that famous 

 locality, which hitherto have been known to us only by name. 



J. Alston Moffat, Curator. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 109 



NOTE ON DEILEPHILA GALII, ROTT. 



Mr. Percy B. Gregson, of Blackfalds, Alta., sends a painting, made by- 

 Mr. F. C. Clare, of Edmonton, of the larva of Deilephila gaiii, Rottem- 

 burg. Mr. Gregson writes that these large larvai are a luscious treat for 

 prairie chickens in early autumn, and are quite often found entire, although, 

 of course, dead, in their crops. These larvae in the Northwest feed on the 

 Giant VVillowherb \Chanuenerion angustifoliuin (L.), Scop.], and it was 

 from this food-plant that its m.ore generally-known name of Chaincenerii 

 was derived. I have read that these larvae are also eaten regularly by 

 some tribes of Indians in California. Some years ago I examined the 

 contents of the crops of four prairie chickens from Western Manitoba, 

 and found them stuffed with the hips of the prairie rose, the leaves of the 

 alkali-loving Ranunculus \Oxygr aphis cymbalaria (Pursh) Prantl.], and 

 many specimens of Chrysomela luiiata, Fab. The specific name of the 

 insect under discussion is, I presume, merely the genitive case of Galium^ 

 the botanical name of the Bedstraw, one of the food-plants of the larva. 

 If this is the case, the usual spelling with the letter / doubled is a mistake, 

 notwithstanding that it appears so spelled in most lists. Although 

 properly spelled in the index of Dr. Dyar's new list, it is in the inaccurate 

 form in the body of the work. I merely mention the matter, because I 

 find that the mistake, if it is one, occurs both in European and American 

 lists. — J. Fletcher. 



NOTE ON NORTH AMERICAN ATTACI, 



BY A. KADCLIKFE GROTE, HILDESHEIM, GERMANY, 



I repeat here, for the benefit of American readers, the descriptions of 

 two abberations, given by me originally in the pages of the Insekten 

 Borse, 1902. 



Samia Cali/ornica, ab. pafzihnaciila. — The male specimen is of a 

 lighter red than usual, and the lunate discal spots are so reduced on all 

 four wings as to appear half the usual size. They are, in fact, narrow, 

 and only about 5 mm. in length, squarish in form. The antennae are 

 greatly reduced, the usual length being about 20 mm., while here they are 

 only about 14 to 15 mm., and the pectinations appear to be proportion- 

 ately reduced. The expanse is normal, about 95 mm., but at first sight 

 the specimen suggests a diff"erent species. 



I may mention here a female, S. Californica, which has the right 

 secondary smaller and of a peculiar translucent appearance, suggesting an 




110 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 



instance of retarded development. It has been elsewhere shown, in a 

 similar case, that the undeveloped wings present resemblances to the 

 pupal condition. 



Telea polyphanui,z}o.fl.ava. — The colour of the female specimen is of a 

 rather bright ochrey yellow. The darker inner shading to the subterminal 

 band on primaries is wanting and this outer band itself is white. The 

 eye-spots are as usual and thus quite different from the Western form 

 ocjilea, Neura. In colour, Telea varies from roseate to olive ochre. I 

 have seen a second specimen of this yellow aberration in a private 

 collection. 



In the proceedings of the Am. Phil. Soc, Vol. xli.. No. 171, I have 

 illustrated an instance of the spinning of a silken attachment around the 

 stem of the enveloping leaf in the cocoon of Telea, reminding us of the 

 habit of Philosamia cyjithia, or, even perhaps of Anthercea mylitta. I 

 have since found three more examples of this hitherto unnoticed habit, 

 among a lot of cocoons of Telea, but the false stem in these instances does 

 not seem to have been fastened to the branch. It is difficult, however, 

 from collected material to be quite certain of the fact, and it would be in- 

 teresting if American collectors would observe closely the spinning 

 methods of Telea. The silken attachment looks like that of Callosamia 

 promethea, but entirely encloses the stem of the leaf. 



ERRATA. 



March No., page 75, for Aratus read Akadus. 



In the Thirty-third Annual Report (1902), page 24, line 13 from the 

 lop, for " triangle " read tatigle. 



Page 28, line 15 from the bottom, for "point'" XQa.djoifit. 



Page 60, line 3, after "C. 12-punctatus" read " which has only 

 recently been reported as having invaded Canada, has reached London, 

 which would seem to indicate that it will soon prove itself to be the more 

 abundant and destructive species of the two." 



The 33rd Annual Report (1902) of the Society has been published, 

 and is sent by the Ontario Department of Agriculture to the members 

 whose subscriptions are paid up for the year 1903, and to those only. 

 Any subscriber who has not yet received a copy will understand the 

 reason why. 



Mailed April ist, 1903. 





Can. Ent,, Vol, XXXV. 



Plate 4. 



NEW NOCTUIDS— FIGURES OF GENITALIA, 




%l\t imm\m\ %\\HmU^hi 



Vol. XXXV. LONDON, MAY, 1903. No. 5 



NOTES O.M CANADIAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS APAJV- 



TESIS (ARCTIA), WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE 



TO THE LARV.-^. 



BY ARTHUR GIBSON, DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY, CENTRAL EXPERIMENTAL 



FARM, OTTAWA. 



This paper is not by any means intended to be a full treatment of the 

 species of the genus Apantesis^ occurring in Canada. There is so much yet 

 to be learned about many of the forms that the preparation of such an article 

 is still quite impossible. The intention, therefore, is merely to present the 

 rather incomplete notes we have made at Ottawa, with the hope that they 

 may be of some use to students who are, or who may become, interested in 

 these insects, and also that it may be seen at a glance what work has been 

 done on some of the species, as well as what is still lacking with regard 

 to others. There is considerable doubt as to the validity of some of the 

 species of this genus, and these doubts can only be dispelled by careful 

 and extensive breeding from the egg, taking accurate notes of the larvae 

 (in their different stages), the pupae, etc. Large series of many of the so-called 

 species will have to be bred before definite knowledge can be acquired. 



The larvte of this genus, generally speaking, are much the same in 

 appearance. They are usually blackish caterpillars, with spreading tufts 

 of black or reddish bristles. Taking each species separately, they are not 

 difficult to study, but when one begins to compare large series of closely 

 related species, the task is not by any means so easy. Even among those 

 species which have been most studied, we do not seem to have any con- 

 stant characters whereby to se})arate the larvie, and, m view of our limited 

 knowledge of these creatures, a great amount of work is still to be done. 

 As it should not be difficult to obtain most of the moths where they occur, 

 it is to be hoped that local collectors will endeavour to secure eggs from 

 captured females, and thus provide the means for a better knowledge of 

 the earlier stages of these interesting insects. 



In Canada there are, as far as we have been able to find out, at least 

 20 moths belonging to the genus Apa?itesis, and specimens of all of these 




112 



THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



have been examined by the writer. Whether some of these are really 

 worthy of specific rank can only be found out by breeding. Undoubtedly, 

 however, some which are now recognized as distinct by some students, 

 will, when they have been reared in numbers from the egg, be found to be 

 simply forms of some recognized species, and not worthy of a specific 

 name. Doubtless, also, some which. have been buried in synonymy by 

 other students, will be found, when their earlier stages are sufficiently 

 known, to be worthy of specific recognition. 



The following list covers all forms which we know to occur in 

 Canada. Some of these have never been recorded from Canada before, 

 and it is not unlikely that other collectors may be able to add further to 



this list : 



1. virgo, Linn. 



" var. (■ifrinaria, Neum. >S: Dyar. 



2. 7'irguni-iiia, Kirby. 



3. Mii/inlw, Grote. 



" var. Nii/n'ci, Slosson. 



4. pariJiejiice., Kirby. 



5. redilinea, French. 



6. /biiia., Grote. 



" var. persef>)ione. Groie. 



7. ojiiata, Packard. 



" var. ac/iaia, G. iV' R. 

 " var. oc/iracea. Stretch. 



8. urge, Drury. 



9. Qi/cnse/ii, Paykull, var. turbans, Cliristcph. 

 ic. oblitcrata. Stretch. 



11. J:io/an//eri, Stretch. 



12. N'evai/eiisis, G. &: R., var. incorrupta, Hy. Edw. 



1 3. superba, Stretch. 



14. Winiamsii, Dodge, var. determinata^ Neum. 



15. phylUra, Drury. 



16. Cdia, Saunders. 



17. figurata, Drury. 



18. nais, Drury. 



19. vittata, Fabricius. 



20. phalerata, Harris. 



The order of the species as given in Dr. Dyai's new catalogue has 

 been followed. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. li; 



Among the Arctians which have been sent in for examination, there 

 are nine specimens which we cannot satisfactorily place, and it may be 

 that these may prove to be undescribed. It is not advisable, we think, to 

 describe new species of this genus from a kw specimens, even if these 

 seem to be fairly constant. When any of tliese species which are not now 

 very well known, come to be reared in numbers from the same batch of 

 eggs, doubtless many surprises will be experienced, and characters which 

 in the past have been regarded as important by some students, may prove 

 to be anything but constant. In a genus the species of which show such 

 a wide range of variation, great care should be exercised in arriving 

 at conclusions regarding new forms which may appear, and it will 

 only be when every species has been carefully studied from the egg that 

 definite knowledge can be had regarding the insects which constitute this 

 interesting genus of the Arctiid^e. 



We have been endeavouring to get some idea of the distribution of the 

 different species, and such resuhs as we have obtained are given below, as 

 well as the dates of appearance of the perfect insects. 



I. Virgo. — This species is well known as a moth, and common in 

 many parts of Canada, particularly so in Manitoba and east of that 

 Province. The mature larva is a beautiful creature, and, as might be 

 expected, is one of the largest of the genus. It is 55 mm. in length at 

 rest, 60 mm. when extended, and 8.5 mm. at widest part. In colour it is 

 a deep velvety black, with bunches of stout black barbed bristles from the 

 tubercles on the dorsum, and reddish bristles from the tubercles 

 on the lower portion of sides and on venter. Some specimens 

 are without any markings on the skin, but others have a striking dorsal 

 stripe, the colour varying — bright yellow, dirty whitish, or orange-yellow. 

 This larva also varies as to the colour of the tubercles. In three speci- 

 mens the writer bred, tubercle i. was black, ii. black (in one specimen 

 this afterwards changed to reddish), iii. black in two specimens, reddish 

 in one, iv., v., vi,, vii. and viii. also varying in colour. (Can. Ent., Vol. 

 XXXIV., p. 23.) Abdominal feet brownish-red. Specimens of the larvae, 

 collected at Rosthern, Sask., by Mr. T. N. Willing, and given to Dr. 

 Fletcher, had all the tubercles of a bright reddish colour, the bristles being 

 all foxy red, or smoky, and the skin of some specimens mottled with gray. 

 Some examples had a creamy yellow stripe down the dorsum, and others 

 had this stripe broken up into a double spot on each segment. 




114 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



Further examples collected at Rosthern, also by Mr. Willing, changed 

 to pupaj on June 17, producing the imagoes on July 15. These larvae 

 Mr. Willing says were very plentiful on Thermopsis rhombifolia, Nutt. 

 Five specimens which liad been killed by a fungus, and which were still 

 attached to the plants, were received at Ottawa, and afterwards one pupa, 

 with cast skin attached, and two of the bred moths were sent for examina- 

 tion. All the tubercles in these six specimens are distinctly reddish, and 

 the bristles conspicuously red, of about the same colour as those of Isia 

 Isabella. S. & A. The five dead larv?e all show the dorsal stripe. 



Larvfe which the writer received from Toronto hibernated in the 

 penultimate stage. .Specimens which Mr. D. Brainerd collected at Mont- 

 real moulted twice in the spring, as did also four larvae found at Ottawa in 

 early April, by Mr. C. H. Young. From data at hand it would appear 

 that there is only one brood in the year. It would be interesting to rear 

 a large number of the larvae from the egg, and note all rlie differences. 



Distribution. — Edmonton, Alta., July (F. C. Clare) ; Blackfalds, 

 .Alta.. July I, 2 (P. B. Gregson); Rosthern, Sask. (T. N. Willing); Beulah, 

 .\[an. (A. J. Dennis); Cartwright, Man. July 15-30 (E. F. Heath); 



Awenie, Man., July 27 (N. Criddie) ; W'innipeg, Man., July 3-19 (A. W. 

 Hanham) ; Rosseau, Ont., July (A. F. Winn); Orillia, Ont., July 3-17 

 (C. E. Grant) ; London, Ont. (W. Saunders) ; Hamilton, Ont. (J. A. 

 Moffat) ; Grimsby, Ont., July 20 (W. Metcalfe) ; Toronto, Ont., July 15, 

 17 (A. Gibson); Port Hope, Ont. (C. J. S. Bethune) ; Trenton, Ont., July 

 ^3) ^9 (J- D. Evans) ; Ottawa, Ont., June 29, July 7, 12, 15, 22, 24 (J. 

 Fletcher, C. H. Young, A. E. Richard, A. Gibson) ; Rigaud, Que. (J. E. 

 Desrochers) ; Montreal, (^ue., July 19, 21, 27 (H. H. Lyman), July 6-17 

 (Chas. Stevenson), July (A. F. Winn) ; Little Metis, (^ue. (Winn) ; 

 Rimouski, Que. (Winn); St. Hilaire, Que., July 15 (Lyman); Quebec, 

 Que. (T. W. Fyles; ; Kamouraska, Que. (Winn) ; Bic, Que. (Winn) ; 

 Chicoutimi, Que., July (Winn) ; St. John, N. B., June 10, July 2, 17, 21, 

 26 (Wm. Mcintosh). 



Virgo, var. citrinaria. — Mr. J. A. Moffat tells me that he has bred 

 two specimens of this variety, which differs in having yellow secondaries, 

 from a batch of larvae found at the same time at Hamilton, Ont. 



2. ViRGUNCULA has a wide range of distribution. In Ontario it is a 

 common species in certain districts, but very rare in others. At Toronto 

 during some seasons I have found the moths exceedingly abundant. The 

 life-history of this Arctian was published by the writer in the Canadian 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 115 



Entomologist, Vol. XXXIII., p. 325. The mature larva is smaller than 

 that of virgo, measuring about 35 mm., and when extended 40 mm. ; 

 head black, median suture pale in some specimens, as also the lower half 

 of the epistotna. The skin of the body in some examples is wholly velvety 

 black, in others the same colour but shading to grayish black subventrally, 

 The tubercles are all black, the bristles being distinctly barbed, those from 

 the dorsal tubercles being black, while those from the subventral tubercles 

 are bright rust-red ; prolegs, upper portion black, lower portion reddish. 

 None of the larvae had any markings on the skin. Specimens collected on 

 April 8, at Toronto, only moulted once after coming out of hibernation, 

 and at Montreal, Mr. Brainerd tells me that larvae which he had, moulted 

 only once in the spring before spinning up. From eggs laid in June we 

 reared moths in August, but many of the larvae which were mature (Stage 

 VII.), instead of changing to pupae as the others did, stopped feeding about 

 the middle of August and acted as if they wanted to hibernate. Virgun- 

 cula ought to be bred again to see just to what extent the larvje vary, and 

 if they ever possess the dorsal stripe. The late Mr. T. G. Priddey, of 

 Toronto, made large collections of these larvae, but, unfortunately, did not 

 publish any of his observations. Writing on March 20, 1901, he says: 

 " Now is the time to get Ardia virguncula larvae. The first soft day after 

 the dry grass is released from the frozen snow, they generally show them- 

 selves for a short time, along with Spilosovia virginica, basking on the 

 tops of grass ; after then they are hard to find, as they hide away during 

 the day." 



Distribution. — Calgary, Alta., July 27, Aug. 18 (F. H. Wolley-Dod); 

 Saltcoats, Assa., July 12 (Willing); Cartwright, Man., June 29,July3 (Heath); 

 Sudbury, Ont. (Evans) ; London, Out. (Saunders) ; Orillia, Ont., July 

 5-10 (Grant); Wabigoon, Ont., Aug. 24 (W. Mclnnis) ; Toronto, Ont., 

 June 6, 14, 16, 18, 23 (Gibson), June 16, 24 (W. Metcalfe), May 23, 

 June 6 (J. McDunnough); Hamilton, Ont. (Moffat); Trenton, Ont., June 

 19 (Evans); Ottawa, Ont. Aug. 5 (Gibson); Meech Lake, Que., Aug. 

 25, 3 worn sp. (Young) ; Montreal, Que. (Brainerd), July 3 (Lyman), 

 May 24, June 13 (Winn); Cowansville, Que. (Fyles) ; St. John, N. B., 

 July 9, " rare " (Mcintosh) ; Anticosti Island (W. Couper). 



The specimen of the moth which the writer found on the 5th Aug., 

 at Ottawa, was not a complete specimen, but simply one of the primaries 

 of presumably a male, which had become caught in the gauze covering 




116 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



one side of a mating cage, in which were two males and two females of 

 nais. 



3. IMiCHAUo. — This species must be very rare in Canada, as we have 

 records of only four specimens having been taken. A coloured figure of 

 the moth is given on plate XLVIII. of Hampson's recent " Catalogue of 

 the Lepidoptera Phalajnre in the British Museum." Not having seen a 

 good series of this species, I take the liberty of quoting from Dr. Dyar 

 (Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Vol. VIII., p. 36, as follows : " Michabo is a 

 peculiar form, in markings close to virgo, but in colour so near arge that 

 the two are liable to be confused, and have been so in some collections. 

 It is a simpler form than arge^ the bands retaining their usual shape, only 



the inner one being occasionally somewhat tooth-like " 



" The larva doubtless hibernates full-grown. No description is extant, but 

 fortunately I have a blown larva before me from the Riley collection, as 

 well as cast skins from the Department of Agriculture, and some notes 

 (Dept. Agr. No. 2588). The larva is grayish black, head black, the body 

 rather grayish brown, with a broad, distinct, straight, cream-coloured dorsal 

 stripe. Hair rather long and, though coarse, somewhat soft and brownish. 

 Spiracles white. The notes add a more or less interrupted white subdorsal 

 line, but it does not show in the blown or alcoholic specimens nor in the 

 cast skins. The larva is a close ally oi arge, but differs in the absence (or 

 reduction) of the subdorsal lines. The full life-history is needed." 



Distribution. — Grand Forks, B. C, June (H. Brainerd). This specimen 

 is in the collection of Mr. A. F. Winn, of Montreal, who kindly gave me the 

 particulars. Calgary, Alta., June 9 (WoUey-Dod); Aweme, Man. (Criddle). 



Michabo, var. minea. — A single specimen of the variety, which has 

 been so identified by Dr. Dyar, was sent from Osoyoos, B. C, to Dr. 

 Fletcher by Mr. C. deBlois Green. 



4. Parthenice is by no means uncommon. The moths appear 

 usually in late July and August, generally about the middle of the latter 

 month. Small specimens of virgo are often confused with parthenice, but 

 the former s[)ecies can readily be distinguished by the broad lining of the 

 median vein, and the two, or more, discal spots of the secondaries. Par- 

 thejiice has but one discoidal spot. I have never seen the larva of this 

 moth. Saunders describes it as black, with a flesh-coloured dorsal stripe, 

 tubercles yellowish, bearing tufts of stiff hairs which are black on the dorsum 

 and brown on the sides, and feet and prolegs yellowish, tipped with black 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 117 



The life-history of this species is needed, and, as the moths are fairly com- 

 mon, it ought not to be difficult to obtain eggs. Males of the species 

 were abundant at light, near Ottawa, in August last, but, unfortunately, no 

 females could be captured, or doubtless we could have secured ova. 



Distribution. — Victoria, B. C, June 27 (E. M. Anderson) ; Calgary, 

 Aha., July 23, 25 (Wolley-Dod) ; Biackfalds, Alta , August (Gregson) ; 

 Prince Albert, Sask., July 6 (Fletcher); Beulah, Man., July 15, 21, 22 

 (Dennis); Aweme, Man. (Criddle) ; Winnipeg, Man., July iS, 19, 27 

 (Hanham) ; Cartwright, Man., July, Aug. (Heath) ; -Sudbury, Ont., July 

 27' (Evans) ; London, Ont. (Saunders) ; Amherstburg, Ont., early Sept. 

 (E. B. Reed); Hamilton, Ont. (Moffat); Caesarea, Ont., Aug. 12 (Gibson); 

 Grimsby, Ont. (Metcalfe); Toronto, Ont. (Bethune, Gibson) ; Cobourg, 

 Ont. (Bethune); Port Hope, Ont. (Bethune), Aug. 13 (Metcalfe); Ros- 

 seau, Ont., July 28 (Winn) ; Orillia, Ont., Aug. 10, 17, iS, 31, Sept. 2 

 (Grant) ; Trenton, Ont., July 30, Aug. 23-27 (Evans); Ottawa, Ont., Aug. 

 6, 10, 13, 14, 16, 19, 27 (Fletcher, Young, Richard, (jibson) ; Meech 

 Lake, Que., Aug. 16, 19, 22, 31, Sept. 6, fresh specimen (Young); Rigaud, 

 Que. (Desrochers); Montreal, Que. (Brainerd), Aug. 9 (Lyman); Murray 

 Bay, Que., .4ug. (Winn) ; Roberval, Que., July 27 (Lyman) ; Little Metis, 

 Que., July, Aug. (Winn); Quebec, Que., Aug. 6 (Fyles) ; Jaquet River, 

 N. B., August (Winn) ; St. John, N. B., Aug. 1-15 (Mcintosh). 



5. Recti LINEA. — This Arctian is very rare in Canada. We have only 

 three records of its occurrence. The species is supposed by some to be 

 the same as phyllira, and larvre which the writer had from eggs, with the 

 female rectilinea correctly associated, certainly answered very well to the 

 description of the larva oi phyllira as published by Packard. The eggs 

 of rectilinea above mentioned were received from Mr. A. Kwiat, of 

 Chicago, and were laid on the 27th and 28th Aug., and hatched on the 

 5th and 6th Sept. The following ootes were taken on the larval stages : 



Stage /.—Length when hatched 1.8 mm. General colour dirty 

 whitish, after feeding greenish brown. Head 0.3 to 0.37 mm. wide, black, 

 mouth-parts reddish. Thoracic shield black. Tubercles blackish ; bristles 

 long, blackish from dorsal tubercles, and silvery from lateral tubercles. 

 Tubercle i. very small, ii. and iii. large, of about same size, iv. and v. 

 smaller than ii. and iii. ; i., ii., iii., iv. and v. are surrounded more or less 

 with reddish brown. In some specimens this colour is hardly, perceptible. 

 Bristles from tubercles barbed. Thoracic feet black ; prolegs rather paler 

 than venter, semi-translucent. 




118 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



Stage II. — Length 3 mm. Head 0.410 0.45 ram. wide, black, shiny, 

 sh'ghtly bilobed ; moulh-parts reddish. Body pale brownish, the green 

 food contents showing slightly, more or less, through the skin. Tubercles 

 all shiny black, and large, with exception of i., which is very small; each 

 tubercle but i. bearing a bunch of barbed bristles, those from the dorsal 

 tubercles black, others silvery, or whitish. All the segments are marked 

 with reddish brown blotches and spots. Spiracles black, very small, 

 almost touching tubercle iv. Thoracic feet darker than venter and rather 

 translucent ; prolegs paler than venter, setse short and pale. 



Stage III. — Length 6 mm. Head 0.6 to 0.67 mm. wide, black, shiny. 

 In general appearance the larvas may be said to be black, with pale, slightly 

 yellowish, dorsal, lateral and stigmatal stripes. On examination with a lens, 

 however, the skin is seen to be pale, but thickly mottled and suffused with 

 dark brown. All the tubercles are shiny black, and, with the exception 

 of i., large. Tubercles as before, ii. with a polished base. Bristles black, 

 with exception of those from lower lateral tubercles, which are pale. 

 Tubercles on dorsum of segments 12 and 13 bear a few extra long 

 bristles. Thoracic feet shiny black ; prolegs concolorous with venter ; 

 setcG pale and short. Towards the end of the stage the larvae lose their 

 dark colour, changing to a reddish brown. 



Stage IV. — Length 7.5 mm. Head 0.9 to i.o mm. wide, black. In 

 general appearance black larvje with black bristles, and a pale yellow 

 dorsal stripe, also an indistinct lateral stripe. The skin on the sides of 

 body shows some green, the venter being paler. Tubercles black, bristles 

 barbed, from all tubercles above spiracles pure black. Bristles from lower 

 tubercles mostly pale, rather reddish. Dorsal stripe clear pale yellow, 

 expanded almost into a spot on the middle of each segment. Spiracles 

 small and black. Thoracic feet shiny jet black, prolegs concolorous with 

 venter. 



Stage V. — Length 10.5 mm. Head 1.2 mm. wide, black, cheek 

 above ocelli brown ; epistoma pale. Body black ; dorsal stripe as in last 

 Stage, skin between tubercles ii. and iii. yellowish. Tubercle i. small, ii. 

 large, both i. and ii. black, ii. with a polished base ; iii., iv. and v. are now 

 partly brownish yellow, vi.. vii. and viii. wholly black. Skin of body below 

 tubercle ii. not so black. Spiracles small, black, round, just in front of 

 tubercle iv. liristles from tubercles as before, but the pale bristles below 

 si)iracles, in some specimens, do not show any red. Thoracic feet as 

 before ; prolegs, upper portion shiny black exteriorly, paler below. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 110 



Stage VI. — Length 15 mm. Head 1.6 mm. wide, as before, median 

 suture in some specimens pale. In general appearance the larvjxj in this 

 Stage are black, hairy caterpillars, either with a dorsal stripe (indistinct or 

 absent on posterior two segments of body) of bright yellow, expanded 

 almost into spots as in Stage iv., or a series of spots, one on each segment, 

 down the middle of the dorsum. In all specimens along the upper por- 

 tion of sides is also a series of paler yellowish spots. Tubercles as in last 

 Stage, the summits of iii., iv. and v. being pale brownish yellow. Bristles 

 from dorsal tubercles black. In most specimens those from iv. are black, 

 from v., vi., vii. and viii. pale, slightly rusty. Thoracic feet black, shiny ; 

 prolegs, upper two-thirds black, lower third pale greenish brown ; claspers 

 blackish gray. 



Stage F//.— Length 21 mm. In general appearance, black hairy 

 larvae, with a row of small yellow spots down the dorsum, and conspicuous 

 rows of yellowish subdorsal and lateral tubercles. Head 2.0 mm. wide, 

 subquadrate, flattened in front, slightly bilobed, shiny black ; ocelli black ; 

 epistoma dull whitish-brown ; cheek above ocelli near segment 2 pale 

 brownish ; antennse whitish-brown at base, remainder blackish. Body 

 cylindrical, segments rather deeply divided. Skin dull grayish black, 

 overlaid with patches and streaks of rich velvety black, particularly 

 dorsally and laterally, giving a deep black appearance. Dorsal 

 stripe broken up into a row of yellow spots. All the tubercles, 

 with but few exceptions, yellowish, with a black base, the subdorsal and 

 lateral series most conspicuous. Tubercle i. small, about one-ninth the 

 size of ii., which has a broad polished base. Spiracles black, with a dull 

 yellowish centre, close in front of tubercle iv. Bristles barbed, those on 

 dorsum mostly black, on lower portion of sides pale. Thoracic feet black, 

 shiny ; prolegs pale, each with a large black shiny plate anteriorly. 



The above larvae when they stopjjed feeding were put outside for the 

 winter. Unfortunately, however, none of them came through alive, so we 

 were unable to breed a series of the moths. Possibly some of us may 

 again be fortunate enough to obtain eggs, and rear the sjjecies to maturity. 



Distribution. — Calgary, Alta. (Willing) ; Beulah, Man., July 14 

 (Dennis) ; Awerae, Man., Aug. 6 (Criddle). 



6. Anna. — This species also seems to be rare in Canada. In 1S96 

 I collected six specimens of the variety persepJionc, and at that time asso- 

 ciated them with virguncula, probably because they occurred at the same 

 time, and I thought bore a somewhat close resemblance to that species. 




120 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



Persephone, however, is a larger form than virguncula, and the fore wings 

 are more h'ke those oiparf/ienice, but the markings are much heavier. Anna 

 differs from the variety persephone chiefly in having the hind wings wholly 

 black. The larval stages of the /^r.yif///<7«^ form were described by Dr. 

 Dyar in Vol. S, p. 53, of Psyche. These larvae were entirely deep black, with 

 shining tubercles, and stiff black bristles alike in colour throughout. We 

 have never had an opportunity of studying the earlier stages of this species 

 at Ottawa, as it does not occur here to our knowledge. Some of our mem- 

 bers may be fortunate enough some time to get ova, and if so it would be 

 interesting to know just to what extent the larvae vary. 



Distribjition. — Typical Anna has been taken at Toronto, Ont.. June 

 20 (Metcalfe), and at London, Ont. ; the vdiXXQiy persephone at Hamilton, 

 Ont. (Moffat); Toronto, June 6, 27 (Gibson), June 3, 4 (McDunnough) ; 

 June 18 (Metcalfe); Springfield-on-Credit, Ont. (Bethune). 



7. Ornata. — This is a western species occurring in Canada, as far 

 as we know, only in British Columbia. It is a rather large, handsome 

 Arctian, some specimens measuring i^ inches in expanse of wings, but 

 the average width is i^^ inches; a series of the moths will show great 

 variation. Typical ornata seems to be rare, most of our specimens and 

 those we have seen being either the form achaia or ochracea, of which the 

 veins on the primaries are lined. The colour of the secondaries in the species 

 varies from yellow to red. During the past summer Mr. J. W. Cockle, of 

 Kaslo, B. C, kindly sent us a batch of eggs of ornata.* These were 

 laid on the 30th June and hatched on the 8th July. The following notes 

 were taken on the larval stages : 



Stage I. — Length at first 2.2 mm. Colour whitish, after feeding 

 greenish. Head 0.4 to 0.45 mm. wide, dark brown, shiny. Cervical 

 shield concolorous with head. On each segment there is the usual row of 

 transverse tubercles; these are black; i, small, ii. large, iii. nearly the same 

 size as ii., iv. and v. smaller. Setse long and slender. Tubercles ii., iii., 

 iv. and v. are faintly surrounded with reddish brown. Feet concolorous; 

 thoracic feet semi-translucent. 



Stage II. — Length 4 mm. Head 0.5 to 0.6 wide, pale brown, dark- 

 ened at inside apex of cheeks ; ocelli black ; mouth-parts reddish. Body 

 pale greenish, with a light bluish dorsal stripe. Cervical shield and 



*The female which laid the eggs has since been received, and submitted to Dr. 

 Dyar, who has confirmed our identification. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 121 



tubercles black, shiny; tubercles ii., iii., iv. and v. as in last Stage, blotched 

 anteriorly and posteriorly with reddish brown. Mostly black bristles from 

 i., ii. and iii., the others silvery; from lower tubercles mostly silvery 

 bristles, only a few black ones. Bristles barbed. Spiracles black, small, 

 close in front of tubercle iv. Feet concolorous with venter, semi-trans- 

 lucent. 



Stage III. — Length 6 mm. Head 0.75 to 0.9 mm. wide ; inside 

 half of cheek dark brown, outer half pale brown; ocelli black; mouth- 

 parts reddish-brown ; some heads much darker than others. In general 

 appearance the larvfe are brownish caterpillars, with a pale blue dorsal 

 stripe. The tubercles are black and shiny ; bristles barbed, from i. and 

 ii. all black, except on thoracic segments, where there are a few silvery 

 bristles ; from iii. and iv. mostly black, a few silvery; from lower tubercles 

 mostly silvery. Tubercle i. small, ii. large and with a polished base. Skin 

 of body from the dorsal stripe to lower edge of tubercle ii. pale brown, 

 with a greenish tinge. Between ii. and iii. the skin is pale greenish- 

 yellow, and between iii. and iv. and below iv. the skin is blotched with 

 brown. Venter greenish. Feet semi-translucent. Segments 11, 12 and 

 13 bear a few very long silvery hairs. 



Stage IV. — Length 8.5 mm. In general appearance dark brown, 

 with a pale, bluish-yellow dorsal stripe. Head i.o to i.i mm. wide, as in 

 last Stage. Tubercles and bristles as in last Stage, some very long slender 

 hairs from segments 12 and 13. Spiracles small, black, close in front of 

 tubercle iv. Later in the Stage the larvaj, under a lens, appear as greenish 

 caterpillars, rather densely blotched and splashed with reddish-brown, and 

 the dorsal stripe loses to a great extent its bluish-yellow colour, becoming 

 rather inconspicuous. The skin along the side just above tubercles iii. and 

 iv. has a yellowish tint. Thoracic feet brownish, rather translucent ; pro- 

 legs concolorous with venter. 



Stage V. — Length 12 mm. Head 1.2 to 1.3 mm. wide, shiny, black, 

 with exception of brov/nish patch just above ocelli. Skin under a lens is 

 brownish, bearing blotches of velvety black. A few days after moulting 

 the blotches are more of a dark purplish shade, or a dull reddish brown. 

 In most specimens the dorsal stripe has disappeared, but in some it is still 

 apparent under a lens. Tubercles as in last Stage ; bristles faintly barbed. 

 The bristles from tubercles i., ii., iii. and upper half of iv. are black, those 

 from lower half of iv., and from v., vi., vii. and viii. pale rusty. Spiracles 

 small, black, close in front of tubercle iv. The two posterior segments 




122 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



bear some extra long slender hairs as before. Venter much paler than 

 dorsum, of a greenish-brown tinge. Thoracic feet shiny black ; prolegs 

 concolorous with venter. 



Stage VI. — Length 17 mm. Head 1.4 to 1.6 mm. wide, subquadrate, 

 slightly depressed at vertex; black, shiny; epistoma pale; mouth-parts 

 reddish; setip black and slender; cheek above ocelli pale brownish, 

 mottled with darker brown. Skin of body velvety black on dorsum, gray- 

 ish-green ventrally. No markings on the body. Tubercles black; bristles 

 from i., ii., iii. and iv. black, those from v. and lower tubercles pale rust- 

 red ; bristles faintly barbed. Some long, slender bristles from dorsum of 

 two posterior segments as before. Thoracic feet black, shiny; prolegs 

 reddish. Larvse do not vary. 



On tlie 3rd September 21 specimens were living, and as they were not 

 feeding very much and looked unhealthy, they were put outside. Later, 

 when they were examined (25ih Oct.), every specimen was found to have 

 died. Mr. Cockle retained some of the eggs himself, but he has since told 

 us that his larvae also suffered a similar fate. Possibly during the coming 

 season eggs may again be secured and more successful results obtained. 

 Mr. Cockle states that the moths are rare at Kaslo. 



Distribiiiion. — Specimens of orjiata have been taken at Osoyoos, B. 

 C. (C. de B. Green) ; Kaslo, B. C, June 30, July 2 (Cockle) ; of the form 

 achaia at Osoyoos, B. C. (Green) ; Kaslo, B. C, July 25, 26 (Cockle) ; of 

 the form ochracea at Kaslo, B. C, June 8 (Cockle) ; Victoria, B. C. 

 (Fletcher), June 7, July 17 (Anderson). 



8. Arge is well known, and rather widely distributed in the eastern 

 part of Canada, though I do not think it can, with us, be considered a 

 common species. It seems to be double-brooded. We have no records 

 of any specimens having been taken west of the Province of Ontario. An 

 interesting account of the species has been recently published by Dr. 

 Seifert,* accompanied by an excellent plate showing the variation in the 

 imagoes. The mature larva measures nearly i^ inches in length, and is 

 grayish black, overlaid, especially on the dorsum, with patches of velvety 

 black. The dorsal and subdorsal bands are cream colour, shaded with 

 pink, and are wide and very distinct. The infra-stigmatal band is nearly 

 the same colour, but is waved and broken, and not nearly so distinct. 

 The tubercles are dull blackish, not polished. The bristles are faintly 

 barbed and rather long, brownish or gray, excepting those from lower 



"JiHiinal oftlie New ^■olk Entomologic.il .Society, March, 1902. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 123 



lateral tubercles, which are rusty. Full-grown larvse have been infrequently 

 met with at Ottawa in early October. 



Distribution. — Hamilton, Ont. (Moffat); Toronto, Ont. (R. J. Crew, 

 Gibson) ; Trenton, Ont. (Evans) ; Ottawa, May 27, 28 (Young), Aug. 

 27 (Fletcher); Rigaud, Que. (Desrochers) ; Montreal, Que.,, July 15 

 (Stevenson), Aug. 12 (Norris) ; Beloeil, Que. (Brainerd). 



(To be continued.) 



A DAY'S COLLECTING IN FEBRUARY. 



February 12th (Lincoln's Birthday), of this year, was unusually warm 

 and spring-like. The temperature rose as high as 52*^, and the clear sky 

 and little wind made it a joy to be out in the open, in the sunshine. 



I went to Staten Island that day, with the intention of working up 

 some Orthoptera with Mr. W. T. Davis, but the feel of spring in the air was 

 irresistible, and as I was anxious to secure aquatic Hemiptera as early in 

 the season as possible, we went by trolley to some woodland ponds near 

 Richmond. The fields were very wet on the way, but hopping among 

 the dry leaves were young grasshoppers, emerged from their winter's sleep. 

 Some Diptera also were hiding among them, and they were quite active 

 when disturbed. 



When we arrived at the pond, a disappointment awaited us. It was 

 nearly all frozen over ! However, we pushed through the brambles to the 

 edge, and began to fish under the thin ice. I took on this side of the 

 pond two Corixa Harrisii, active. Working our way along the side to the 

 end where the outlet was, we found the water free from ice. On the sur- 

 face, two species of Podurans were abundant, and an immature Jassid 

 was floating and jumping. We got none of these. Waiter beetles, also, 

 were swimming about. 



The sun, meantime, was melting the ice, and as we got to the 

 opposite side from where we started, quite half the pond was clear. On 

 this side, Haliplidse and Dytiscidae were more abundant, swimming freely 

 or else clinging to the stems of the bushes rising from the water, sunning 

 themselves. 



On the trunk of a white birch I saw an Aciliiis semisulcatus, about 

 six inches from the surface, on the sunny side. It was alarmed by the 

 noise I made, and dropped into the water. Contrary to what seemed to 

 be the rule, this beetle submerged itself with great ease, 



Here, also, I took a Haliplid from a bush, on which there were a 




124 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



number resting an inch or two from the water. These, however, seemed 

 to be somewhat torpid, as they could be brushed into the net easily, and 

 lay there motionless. Those that fell into the water seemed to experience 

 great difficulty in getting under. We also took two other species of these 

 and a small Hydrophilid, swimming. 



As we sat at lunch, several species of Diptera were flying about. 

 We also saw a Hemerobian and one of the Microlepidoptera, which we 

 failed to catch. 



We had by this time exhausted the possibilities of this pond, so went 

 to another about a hundred feet away. This was even more disappoint- 

 ing. Tliick ice covered it everywhere, except around the roots of a large 

 apple tree, where there was a clear space of about a foot. This was 

 swarming vvitli the Crustacean Branchippus. 



I wanted to get some Hydrobatidas, as well as more of the other 

 aquatics, and Mr. Davis suggested Richmond Brook, where we went across 

 fields. The earth was simply sodden. 



In the brook there was more life and better collecting. Gerris re- 

 migis was quite abundant, active, and, in some instances, in copulo. 

 Between Mr. Davis and myself we took about 30 specimens. They were 

 found in the backwaters under the overhanging banks, or hiding among 

 the drift. 



Clinging to the grains of sand or to small pebbles, in the quieter, 

 deeper portions of the stream, were numbers of another species of Corixa, 

 which I have not as yet determined. These insects were exceedingly 

 active and lively, and scurried away before the net like a flock of birds, 

 but we caught many, nevertheless. 



On the surface, in some portions, a small Perlid, Capnia necydaloides, 

 was to be seen lightly floating. One I took from a Gerris that was feed- 

 ing on it. Several others Mr. Davis and I took as they floated on the 

 water, and two were caught on the white surface of a recently-cut stump, 

 which seemed to have a great attraction for them. When we souglit to 

 capture them they ran swiftly away without attempting to take flight, and 

 hid in the cracks of the bark, with which they harmonized in colour. 



We also observed some Chironomids resting on the stream ; and 

 under stones and among trash at the bottom, Perlid nymphs and Ephem- 

 erid larvse were abundant. In a sandy, shallow spot we saw a number of 

 tubes, possibly about two inches long, rising into the water from the 

 bottom, but we did not find the maker. These seemed to consist of silk, 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 125 



and were coated with grains of sand, which made them about tlie thick- 

 ness of a pipestera. 



When we left the brook on our return home, we felt that we had had 

 a very successful day. We had gone really on a venture, and we had 

 found much more than we expected, and had a delightful outing into the 

 bargain. 



In the early Spring, on such days as this, aquatic insects can be very 

 profitably collected, especially for life-history work. They are active long 

 before any others, as soon as the ice begins to disappear, and present a 

 practically unexplored field to the earnest entomologist. To the mere 

 collector they offer no inducement to compensate for the labour of col- 

 lecting them, and are exceedingly uninteresting, being ordinarily incon- 

 spicuous, sombre in coloration and retiring in habit. But to the scien- 

 tific worker they present some of the most interesting adaptations to 

 environment and conditions in the entire field of entomology. 



Two days later I went to the Mosholu locality in this vicinity, and 

 my experience there illustrates this point. Although I spent a good deal 

 more time there, I saw but few insects flying, all Diptera. My catch was 

 all Coleoptera, none active, all hibernating under stones, and consisted 

 principally of Staphylinidse, some Carabidae, one Elater ; and also, one 

 active Jassid, undetermined. It was not as good in numbers or variety as 

 the one of the 12th, although the latter locality in Summer is very rich 

 in species and abundant as to numbers. 



J. R. DE LA Torre Bueno, New York. 



^GIALITES DEBILIS, MANN. 



Leconte and Horn, in their " Classification,'' say of this beetle : 

 " It is of such extreme rarity as to have been seen by but few entomolo- 

 gists." It was with considerable interest, therefore, that I captured my 

 first specimen one March afternoon in 1894. I was lying on a pebbly 

 sea beach, turning over stones, when I came upon Ai. debili^ on the 

 under side of a stone. From Leconte's description I felt pretty sure that 

 my identification was correct, and it was subsequently confirmed by Dr. 

 Fletcher, of Ottawa. Leconte says the beetle is black, but he had prob- 

 ably seen only dried specimens. Freshly-taken specimens show a distinctly 

 green tinge. The insect is about .15 inch long, and in general shape sug- 

 gests a small carabid. 



Many a subsequent search in the same locality proved fruitless, for 

 the insect's proper habitat, as I afterwards discovered, is not among loose 




126 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



Stones. It is essentially a rock-frequenting species. It occurs in large 

 numbers in some conglomerate boulders on the northern shore of the 

 Queen Charlotte Islands. These boulders lie about half-way between the 

 tide-marks, and the large pebbles embedded in them have become 

 loosened by the action of the water, but still remain in their matrices. It 

 is between these pebbles and the matrices that the beetles live, their 

 compressed forms admirably adapting them for moving in so confined a 

 space. 



On the mainland of British Columbia, opposite the Queen Charlotte 

 Islands, the beetle again occurs in considerable numbers. There the shore 

 rocks are of a slaty formation, and the action of the tide tends to 

 separate portions of them into large flakes, beneath which the beetles find 

 congenial shelter. On removing one of these flakes with a chisel a whole 

 colony of ^. deb His is disclosed. I feel sure that the insect might be 

 discovered in many places along our Pacific coast, if carefully sought for. 

 For a long time this beetle was the only representative, not only of its 

 genus, but of its family. Professor Comstock states, however, in his 

 Insect Manual, that another species has recently been taken in California. 



The beetle is active all the year round. This morning (Feb. 14th), 

 wanting to examine a few living specimens, I had no difliculty in procuring 

 all I needed, though the ground is frozen hard and covered with snow. 

 I have seen it copulating in February, and have taken both larvae and 

 pupae in July. It is extremely deliberate in its movements. Its sharp 

 claws enable it to adhere so firmly to the surface of the rock that it is 

 sometimes difficult to dislodge it without injury. Unlike other marine 

 species with which I have experimented, it shows no objection to entering 

 the water, but does so readily from the top of a half-submerged stone. It 

 seems helpless when floating on the water, but can sink at will when once 

 beneath the surface. I placed some specimens on a stone in a dry 

 dish, and gradually added sea-water till the stone was submerged, imitat- 

 ing the approach of the tide. The beetles remained stationary, and 

 allowed the water to cover them, when a large bubble of air could be seen 

 under their partly raised elytra. 



I am in want of a few popularly interesting beetles {e. g., glow-worm, 

 fire-fly, Egyptian sacred beetle, Pyrophorus, Noctilucus, etc.) for use in 

 lectures to young people. I would gladly send a series of y£. debilis to 

 any entomologist who might care to make the exchange. 



J. H. Keen, Metlakatla, B. C. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 127 



NEW NOCTUIDS FOR 1903. No. 3— WH^H NOTES ON SOME 



DESCRIBED SPECIES. 



BY JOHN I!. SMITH, SC. D. , RUTGERS COLLEGE, N. J. 



The first paper of this series is in the January number of this 

 Journal (pp. 9-14) ; the second is in the April issue of the Journal of the 

 New York Entomological Society. The present instalment deals chiefly 

 with species found in the Western Provinces of British America and 

 a few others that are likely to occur there. The determination of a 

 new species of Rancora from Calgary and Manitoba makes , some general 

 remarks on that genus timely. There is a number of excellent collectors 

 now hard at work on the Noctuid fauna of that general region and ex- 

 tending westward to A^ancouver, whose work deserves the greatest praise 

 and to whose efforts is due the development of a totally new faunal 

 region for this family of moths. 



Acronycta tartarea, n. sp.— Head, thorax and outside of tibise black- 

 ish ; orbits of the eyes nearly white. Primaries uniform, very deep 

 smoky, almost black ; the maculation neatly written in velvety black. 

 There is a black basal streak to the t. a. line, which is most obvious at 

 this point, fading toward the costa and inner margin ; there is a little spur 

 at the middle of the streak beneath, and above it is bordered by a narrow 

 white line. T. a. line almost obsolete, geminate, outwardly oblique. 

 T. p. line velvety black, preceded by a whitish shade, broken, squarely 

 exserted over the cell, deeply incurved below, the black lunate mark in 

 the submedian interspace forming the most {prominent part of the wing. 

 A black streak begins just within the centre of this mark, crosses it and 

 reaches the outer margin above the inner angle. Three white costal dots 

 between t. p. and s. t. lines. S. t. line whitish, diffuse, broken, followed 

 by small black interspaceal spots. A series of black terminal lunules, 

 preceded by whitish shadings. Fringes smoky at base, outwardly white. 

 Orbicular moderate, round, black-ringed, inwardly edged by white 

 scales. Reniform rather large, broadly lunate, narrowly outlined in black, 

 inwardly edged by sparse white scales, centre a little brown tinged. 

 Secondaries white, with a smoky outer border, broadest at apex, and 

 nearly lost at anal angle. Beneath : primaries smoky, the margins paler; 

 a vague pale extra-median line. Secondaries more powdery, with a dis- 

 tinct discal spot. 



Expands. — 1.40 inches-35 mm. 



Habitat. — Calgary, Alberta, June 23, head of Pine Creek. 




\2S THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



One almost perfect male from Mr. F. H. Wolley Dod. This is, to 

 my mind, one of the handsomest of our species of Acronycta. It re- 

 sembles a somewhat undersized very dark even grisea ; but it is actually 

 nearer \.o f alalia in structure and details of maculation. I have never 

 seen any tendency in either grisea or revellata to vary in this direction 

 and believe I have a good species. 



Nodua Trumani, n. sp. — Ground colour luteous brown, varying a 

 little from a rusty to a smoky tinting. The head and the tips of the palpi 

 may be paler, more yellowish. Thorax concolorous, collar and patagise 

 fairly marked, vestiture rather loose, hairy, with the scaly admixture slight. 

 Primaries without contrasts save that sometimes the reniform, and mere 

 rarely the orbicular, are obviously paler than the rest of the wing. All 

 the usual lines are present, slender, brown, very slightly relieved. Basal 

 line single, slender, evenly curved, lending to become lost in the darker 

 specimens. T. a. line single, slender, somewhat irregular, a little out- 

 curved in the interspaces, and as a whole a little outwardly oblique : it 

 tends to become lost in the darker examples. T. p. line single, slender, 

 blackish, crenulate, in course parallel to the outer margin, tending to 

 break up into a series of venular dots, which are obvious in all the speci- 

 mens before me. S. t. line pale, rather even, somewhat diffuse, preceded 

 by a slightly darker shading in the s. t. space, and sometimes further 

 relieved by a darker tint in the terminal space : the tendency is to obscure 

 the line, and in one example it is marked only by the dusky s. t. shade. A 

 dusky terminal line and a yellow line at the base of the dusky fringes. A 

 dusky, somewhat diffuse median shade is obvious in some specimens, 

 extending from the costa between the ordinary spots and from the lower 

 edge of the reniform nearly direct to the inner margin. This shade may 

 be entirely lost, but usually the darkening of the cell between the ordinary 

 spots remains, aud even more generally the dusky shade at the lower end 

 of the reniform. Claviform indicated in one specimen only by a line of 

 darker scales, and may be said to be wanting. Orbicular round or a 

 little oval, moderate in size, more or less completely outlined by dusky 

 scales, sometimes annulate with yellowish and scnuetimes entirely paler 

 than the ground colour of tlie primaries. Reniform of good size, kidney- 

 shaped, the sides defined by dark scales, uj^per and lower margins often 

 indefinite, middle of the spot more or less obviously yellow, sometimes 

 contrasting quite strongly, sometimes scarcely relieved from the 

 ground. Secondaries in the male pale yellowish, veins smoky, 




THE CANADIAN f^NTOMOLOGlST. 129 



with a smoky outer border, through which there is a more or 

 less obvious yellowish shade line : in the female the wings are uniformly 

 smoky, with somewhat contrasting yellowish fringes. Beneath, primaries 

 smoky brown, paler outwardly, more or less powdery, with a more or less 

 obvious smoky outer line : secondaries pale dirty yellowish, powdered 

 along the costa, with an outer extra-median smoky shade line that may 

 cross the costal region only and rarely attains the inner margin. 



Expands. — i. 20-1.36 inches = 30-34 mm. 



Habitat. — Volga, South Dakota. 



Four males and one female, in fair condition. Some time before his 

 death the late Judge P. C. Truman sent me several boxes of Noctuids, 

 supposedly duplicates, intended to give me an idea of the general char- 

 acter of his local fauna. The specimens were unmounted and were 

 picked over from time to time to get such species as were being studied. 

 Recently the entire material has been spread, and I find in it the species 

 here described, obviously resembling the rtibifera series of Noctiia, but 

 differing from all in the robust build, subequal stumpy primaries and 

 yellowish secondaries, which, in the male, have a broad outer dark shade, 

 in which is a yellowish band. The male antennte are distinctly ciliated, 

 and the genitalia are unique in having at the lower margin of the harpes a 

 prominent tooth-like process. The tip is gradual, somewhat pointed, and 

 has a dense brush of spinules. The clasper is very stout, short, curved, 

 abruptly drawn into a slender pointed tip. The single median lines, 

 and especially the crenulate t. p. line, are characteristic, while the .first 

 impression gained by the wing form is that of a Taeniocampa belongmg 

 to the rufula series. 



It is more than probable that this species will be found in the col- 

 lections of those who have made exchanges with Judge Truman, and it is 

 almost certain to be represented in the collection left by him. 



Feltia obliqua, n. sp. — Ground colour ranges from dark luteous brown 

 to smoky or even blackish brown. Head rusty brown, with a more or 

 less obvious dusky line across the front. Collar inferiorly dark brown, 

 limited above by a black line ; upper half pale brown, based by a whitish 

 line that serves to relieve the black central line which it borders. 

 Thoracic disk paler than primaries, with a grayish tinge. Primaries very 

 evenly coloured, except that the upper half of wing to the t. p. line is 

 somewhat darker, the markings neatly written and not contrasting. Basal 

 line geminate, black, marked over costal area only, very close to the root 




130 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



of the wing. T. a. line geminate ; inner line scarcely defined, outer line 

 black, included spaces usually a very little paler ; in course inwardly oblique 

 from the costa to the internal vein, then with a long outward tooth that 

 nearly or quite reaches the middle of the margin. T. p. line geminate, 

 inner line black or blackish, crenulate ; outer line obscure, even, puncti- 

 form or entirely lost beyond the costal region : the line as a whole very 

 little outcurved over cell. S. t. line very narrow, pale, strongly denticu- 

 late, preceded or followed or both by black sagittate marks, which may be 

 wanting; the line itself sometimes becoming almost lost. A continuous 

 black terminal line, followed by a pale line at the base of the fringes. 

 Orbicular oval, deciuiibent, of the ground colour, more or less completely 

 outlined by black scales. Reniform small, somewhat kidney-shaped, 

 concolorous, outlined in black or brown. The cell between the spots is 

 black, and a black line extends beyond the reniform to the t. p. line. A 

 black streak or mark extends from the base to the t. a. line, and has 

 attached to it a small, black-margined claviform. There is a diffuse 

 smoky median shade, variably distinct, which crosses from below the 

 reniform close to and parallel with the t. p. line. Secondaries smoky 

 fuscous, a little paler basally in the male. Beneath gray, powdery, with a 

 more or less complete outer line ; secondaries also with a discal spot. 

 Expands. — 1.20- 1.36 inches = 30-34 mm. 



Habitat. — Calgary, Alberta, head of Pine Creek, May 31, June 16; 

 mouth of Fish Creek, June 3, at light : Mr. F. H. WoUey Dod. 



This is a small species of the size of gravis, with the general Vau- 

 couverensis type of maculation. The very even colouring on which the 

 maculation is neatly written will serve to define this form. Mr. Dod has 

 sent me two males and two females, no two exactly alike in colour, yet 

 forming a pair of light brown and a pair of dark brown examples. It is 

 probable that the range of variation will prove greater than the series 

 before me indicates. 



Feltia Hudsonii, n. sp. — Ground colour, pale ashen gray. Head 

 varying to brown : without distinct markings. Collar brown, with a black, 

 central transverse line, above which is a whitish line : the tip also paler. 

 Disk and patagiae edged and marked with brownish. Primaries more or 

 less suffused with smoky or blackish. The gray shading obtains through 

 the costal region, along the inner margin, below the median vein, in the 

 subterminal space, and at apex. The orbicular is V-shaped, open to the 

 costa, and of the same general gray colour. The reniform is moderate in 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 131 



size, oblique, lunate ralher than kidney shaped, pale yellow in colour. 

 The claviform extends almost across the median space, is black margined, 

 and filled with blackish. The basal line is gray, margined on each side 

 by black scales, obvious on the costa, and inwardly oblique through the 

 cell. The t. a. line is obvious as an upright, yellowish line through the 

 cell. T. p. line gray through the costal area and over the cell ; then 

 chiefly marked by the contrast between the median and s. t. spaces. S. t. 

 line marked only by the contrasting dark terminal space, which is crossed 

 by white rays on veins 3 and 4. There is a broken, black terminal line, 

 and a yellowish line at the base of the fringes. Secondaries white, be- 

 coming smoky at the outer margin, glossy, with white fringes. Beneath, 

 primaries smoky, except along the inner margin, where they are white. 

 Secondaries white, with a smoky patch at apex, which tends to form a 

 smoky outer margin. 



Expands. — 1.28 -1.40 inches = 32 -35 mm. 



Habitat. — Calgary, Alberta, head of Pine Creek, August 7, 16, at 

 light : Mr. F. H. Wolley Dod. 



One $ and four 9 ? are at hand, all in very nice condition. Mr. 

 Dod originally sent me this species among, some examples of subgothica, 

 which it resembles at first sight. It is, however, decidedly smaller, more 

 slenderly built throughout, much paler in colour, with white secondaries in 

 both sexes. The antennae of the male are less obviously '■' brush-like " 

 than in the allies, and, all together, the new form is perhaps the best 

 defined of any in this series. I cannot recollect having seen this from 

 any other or previous source. 



Carneades maimes, n. sp. — Ground colour brown, variably tinged from 

 luteous to smoky or ferruginous. Head usually of the suffusing tinge, 

 without obvious markings. Collar with a black central line, sometimes 

 with a white line below it ; inferior half of collar pale, contrasting in the 

 dark specimens, not differing much in those that run to reddish or luteous. 

 Thorax ranging from rusty red-brown to blackish without markings, 

 except for a diagonal white line which runs from the costal edge of the 

 primaries across the patagia. This is variably distinct, sometimes prom- 

 inent ; but always traceable in good specimens. Primaries with all the 

 maculation obvious, median vein prominently white ; costal region gray 

 powdered or with a luteous tinge ; a distinct yellowish bar from the end 

 of the claviform to the t. p. line ; ordinary spots prominently pale or 

 white-ringed, with usually more or less contrasting centres. Basal line 




132 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



white, more or less obvious, edged with black scales, outwardly angled 

 on the sub-costal. A blackish shade below median vein at base. T. a. 

 line geminate, defining lines black, included shade white or of the palest 

 ground ; inner defining line often obscure or wanting ; outer line some- 

 times wanting, the white included space then alone obvious : in course it 

 is inwardly oblique from the costa to the median vein, then a little out- 

 curved to the submedian, below which it forms a long outward tooth. 

 T. p. line geminate, abruptly bent from costa over the cell, then very 

 even, parallel with the outer margin : the inner defining line is black or 

 blackish, not contrasting, lunulate, broken ; outer line blackish, even, 

 broken on the veins, tending to disappear, remaining longest over the 

 costal area ; included space pale, sometimes contrasting, sometimes merg- 

 ing into the paler tinting of the s. t. space. S. t. line pale, distinct, very 

 slightly irregular, almost lunulate, in some cases relieved by the darker 

 terminal space and by preceding black spots and dashes in the s. t. space. 

 There is a series of black terminal lunules. Fringes pale, with dusky 

 interlines. Claviform black margined and more or less suffused with 

 black, extending half-way across the median space. The orbicular varies 

 from almost round to an irregular oval, is oblique, white-ringed, the 

 upper margin sometimes cut by the pale subcostal, the centre brown or 

 luteous. Reniform moderate in size, varying from almost lunate 

 to kidney-shaped, pale ringed, the upper and lower edges usually 

 broken by the white vein, centre brown or luteous. The 

 s. t. space on the whole is paler than the median space, and 

 on veins 3 and 4 and 6 and 7 pale rays extend to but rarely even 

 indent the s. t. line. The apex is pale. A dusky shade is on the costa 

 in the s. t. space. The cell is black or blackish around the ordinary 

 spots. Secondaries smoky yellow, darkening to blackish outwardly, the 

 fringes whitish. Beneath gray, ranging to smoky or to yellowish ; both 

 wings with a more or less obvious outer smoky shade line ; secondaries 

 tending to become darker beyond the dark line, and with a small discal 

 spot. 



Expands. — 1.12 - i 36 inches = 28 - 34 mm. 



Habitat. — Calgary, Alberta, July 27-August 21 (Mr. Dod) ; Colorado, 

 July 18 (Mr. Kemp); Brandon, Manitoba (Mr. Hanham). 



Five males and seven females in fair or good condition are before 

 me. The species is a variable one, no two specimens at all alike and yet 

 evidently all forms of one species. It resembles Ridingsiafia, Grt., and 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 133 



so I had it until Mr. Dod sent me a series for comparison. Compared 

 with the Colorado species this is smaller, darker, less powdery in the 

 female, with rays on the veins even less marked. The oblique white line 

 on the patagia is seen in some examples of Rid'mgsiatia, and does not 

 seem to be distinctive. With the males only at hand I should hardly 

 venture to separate this species, though even in this sex there are minor 

 differences that seem constant. In the females the distinction is well 

 marked, that ol niaimes differing little from the male, while in Ridingsiana 

 all the examples of that sex are paler, more ashen, dusty gray, with less 

 contrasting maculation. 



Hadetia (Xylophasia) sora, n. sp. — Ground colour a deep, some- 

 what rusty red brown. Head may be a little darker. Thorax may be 

 blackish on disk of patagite, the central divided crest lighter. Primaries 

 with the maculation all present, but not contrasting. The basal space is a 

 little the lightest part of the wing ; next comes the s. t. space from the 

 middle to the inner margin, and then the apex ; but the difference is not 

 striking, and is more a mottling with yellowish or gray. The basal line is 

 geminate, of the brown ground colour. T. a. line geminate ; the inner 

 line obscure, the outer narrow, blackish, the included space a little paler ; 

 as a whole the line is outwardly oblique, a little outcurved in the inter- 

 spaces, a longer outcurve from the internal vein to the margin. T. p. line 

 lunate or even crenulate, geminate, the outer line more even ; as a whole 

 with a moderate outcurve over cell and an even course below. S. t. line 

 pale, irregular, forming a small W on veins 3 and 4 ; emphasized by a 

 narrow brown preceding shade and by the dark smoky terminal space. 

 There is a series of blackish terminal lunules, beyond which the fringes 

 are cut with luteous. In the basal space there is a slender longitudinal 

 black line, which runs beneath the sub-median vein, and does not quite 

 reach the t. a. line. Claviform small, concolorous, outlined by black 

 scales, pointed, giving rise from the tip to a somewhat diffuse black line, 

 which extends across the cell to the t. p. line. Orbicular narrow, oval, 

 oblique, not well defined, rmged with yellowish, with or without a j^ale 

 centre. Reniform large, a little constricted, incompletely outlined, the 

 centre a little smoky. Secondaries smoky brown, a little glossy, the 

 fringe more yellowish. Beneath, smoky over a reddish base; both wings 

 with a more or less obvious discal spot and a smoky outer shade line or 

 band. 



Expands. — 1.64 - 1.84 inches - 41 - 46 mm. 




134 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



Habitat. — Calgary, Canada, head of Pine Creek, July 2 and 15: 

 Mr. F. H. WoUey Dod. 



Two males in good condition. The species is allied to auranticolor 

 and Bavfiesii, but is more even than either, and with a more subdued 

 brown colouring. 



Xylophasia /erens, n. sp. — Head and thorax smoky brown ; head 

 with a pale interantennal line ; collar with a black median line over a pale 

 line, the tip pale ; the tips of the thoracic tuftings pale. The tibi?e and 

 tarsi are ringed with yellowish. Primaries with all the maculation well 

 written, though not contrasting, the central bar connecting the median 

 lines in the s. t. interspace being the most conspicuous. There is an 

 obscure longitudinal streak, which does not reach the t. a. line at base. 

 Basal line geminate, marked by costal spots only. T. a. line geminate, 

 outwardly bent in the interspaces and a little outwardly oblique. T. p. 

 line geminate, the outer line obscure and partly punctiform, inner line 

 lunulate except in the s. m. interspace. S. t. line pale, broken, a little 

 irregular, forming a small W on veins 3 and 4 ; apex pale. There is a 

 series of black terminal lunules. The fringes are brown, cut with pale at 

 the ends of the veins. As a whole the terminal space is dark, except at 

 the apex, and the subterminal space is lighter except on costa ; a black 

 mark is on the inner margin near base. A broad black bar through the 

 submedian interspace connects the median lines and obscures the clavi- 

 form. Orbicular small, oblique, outlined by black scales and ringed by 

 white; reniform of moderate size, lunate rather than kidney-shaped; 

 spots paler than the ground, with a central smoky lunule. Between these 

 spots the cell is darker, and the tendency is to form a preceding black 

 spot. There is a sprinkling of olivaceous scales throughout the wing. 

 Secondaries yellowish smoky, darker outwardly, a smoky terminal line, 

 fringes yellowish. 



Expands. — 1.52 - 1.60 inches ==38-40 mm. 



Habitat. — Calgary VII., 11 and 12, head of Pine Creek, Alberta. 



Two good males from Mr. Dod, who has others. At first sight this 

 species is very like allecto ; but closer study shows it to be nearer to 

 runata, and, as the genitalia make it a Xylophasia, its separation 

 from allecto is positive. As a Xylophasia it is readily distinguished from 

 its allies by the broad wings and clean maculation. 



Hadena (Xylophasia) cerivana, Sm. — This is the north-western 

 representative of the eastern fifiititna, which was at one time considered 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 13; 



identical with the European basilhiea. Recently Dr. Dyar has referred 

 cerivana as a variety to the European basilinea. A good series, repre- 

 senting all three of the species, being now at hand, I am confirmed in my 

 previous opinions, and present herewith figures of the $ genitalia of each. 

 They are drawn to the same scale, with camera lucida and from mounts 

 not under pressure. The differences are not great, but they are abso- 

 lute, and show our own forms to be more nearly related than either of 

 them is to the European form. 



Rancora, Sm. 



Since this genus was described in 1894 a number of examples have 

 come to hand that confirm the original generic separation, though in some 

 forms the collar may be as hoodlike as in Cucullia and the primaries 

 nearly as lanceolate. A peculiar ornamental feature, which was not con- 

 sidered of importance v/hen only one species was at hand, turns out to be 

 quite characteristic and permanent : it is a rigid black line or bar which 

 extends through the cell on the under side of the secondaries, from the 

 discal spot to the base, and this does not seem to occur in any species of 

 Cucullia. 



Some of the species described as belonging to Cucullia are better 

 referable here, and two new species are at hand. 



Cucullia serraticornis, Lintner, belongs to this genus without reason- 

 able doubt, and it is practically certain that matricaria, Behr., is the same 

 thing. The type of matricaria is a (J in the Strecker collection and is a 

 Rancora without any doubt. It is a fairly well-marked species and has 

 white secondaries. 



Cucullia solidaginis, Behr., also belongs to Rancora, and one of the 

 specimens now before me is out of the type lot from the Strecker collec- 

 tion. One S and two 9 are from Corvallis, Oregon, taken March and 

 April, at light. This is a dull smoky grayYorm, with narrow pointed wings 

 and a very obvious hood. The maculation is all very obscure and smoky, 

 not a clear black line occurring anywhere on the wing. The secondaries 

 in the female are very deep smoky brown, and in the male they are smoky 

 outwardly, the base dirty white and somewhat translucent. 



Strigata, Sm., is the type of the genus, and is more robust than 

 either of the preceding. The thorax is proportionately much heavier, the 

 collar does not form a hood in even the best specimens, and the primaries 

 are decidedly shorter and broader. The colour is a clear, dark ashen or 




136 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



bluish gray, and the maculation is clearly written and black. Dr. Dyar 

 can hardly have had both these species before him when he wrote strigata 

 as a synonym of solidaginis. I have three good males under present 

 observation from as many localities in Washington, taken in March and 

 April. The type came from Victoria, British Columbia. 



Albicinerea is a very bright gray species, the markings smoky, but 

 clearly defined. The median, lines are very much better marked than 

 usual in this genus, and in one example the t. p. line is completely trace- 

 able. The secondaries in the male are smoky throughout and only a 

 little paler at base. Three specimens from Alberta and Manitoba are 

 at hand. 



Brucej is a sordid ashen gray form in which the transverse maculation 

 is nearly all lost and the black streakings are accompanied by rusty brown 

 stains. The head and thoracic disk are also rusty brown. The secondaries 

 are dull, even, smoky gray. There is only one male, from Garfield 

 County, Colorado, elevation 6,000 feet. 



Cucullia albida, Sm., is also a member of this genus, as is proven by 

 a male example now before me. It is distinct from all the others by the 

 whitish primaries, on which the markings are very faintly written. It is 

 almost as much a Cucullia in wing form as is solidaginis, and, indeed, 

 except for the totally different colour, is a closer ally lo it than to any 

 other species in this genus. 



In sexual structures the males are very much alike. In all cases there 

 is a rather slender harpe coming to an oblique or acute point, and there is 

 a long, curved, corneous hook as a clasper. The structure is distinctive 

 for each; but the similarity is obvious. In the antennal structure, also, 

 there is no striking difference between the species. 



Rancora Brucei, n. sp. — Ground colour a dull, powdery, ashen 

 gray. Front, centre of collar, disk of thorax and dorsal tuftings of the 

 abdomen tinged with rusty ; other thoracic parts a little paler gray ; 

 powdery. Primaries with the transverse maculation practically obsolete. 

 The t. a. line is barely indicated by a slightly darker tooth in the sub- 

 median interspace. There is a short black streak on the inner margin 

 near the base. There is a slender, continuous black line through the sub- 

 median interspace from the base to the s. t. space, and this line is a little 

 relieved by accompanying pale scales. There is a distinct black curved 

 streak above the inner angle, and this is margined with rusty brown. 

 Smaller, less conspicuous streaks are in the two following interspaces, and 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 137 



another prominent black, brown-bordered streak is in the space between 

 veins 4 and 5 ; small, brown-shaded streaks follow to the apex. There is 

 a narrow pale line at the base of the fringes, which are cut with smoky 

 brown. The ordinary spots are indicated i)y two pale cloudings con- 

 nected by a very narrow black loop. Secondaries dull, smoky gray, 

 the fringes white at apex. Beneath, powdery gray, primaries darker on 

 disk, with a smoky, discal spot : secondaries more powdery along the 

 costal area, and with the characteristic black line in the cell. 



Expands. — 1.84 inches = 46 mm. 



ZTa/^/Vrt/.— Garfield County, Colorado, 6,000 feet ; David Bruce. 



One good male received some years ago. I had considered this a 

 washed-out strigata, and it is quite possible that specimens are in collec- 

 tions under that name. I am pleased to dedicate so good a species to so 

 good a collector. 



Rancora albicinerea, n. sp. — Ground colour whitish ash-gray. Head 

 barred and mottled with white and smoky. Collar with a black, trans- 

 verse line at lower third, below which the colour is smoky, and above 

 which there is a smoky line before and at the tip. Disk of thorax smoky 

 brown or blackish : dorsal tufts of abdomen also brown or black. On the 

 primaries the maculation is clearly traceable. Basal line indicated on the 

 costa only. T. a. line smoky, single, a little diffuse, irregular across the 

 costal space, forms a long tooth in the submedian interspace and a shorter 

 one above the margin. There is a slender black basal line, which enters 

 into the tooth of the t. a. line, but does not cross it. T. p. line forms a 

 geminate smoky mark on costa, is faintly traceable in a wide curve over 

 the cell, becomes conspicuous below vein 2, and extends obliquely inward 

 from vein i. There is a series of interspaceal black dashes; those be- 

 tween veins i and 2 and 4 and 5 the longest ; the lines accompanied by a 

 smoky shading. At the base of the fringes is a series of blackish spots 

 with a gray centre. A median shade is indicated by a curved smoky 

 mark from costa over the reniform. The ordinary spots are very faintly 

 and incompletely indicated by narrow, black or smoky curved marks. 

 Secondaries smoky, a little paler at base, fringes white. Beneath gray, 

 powdery ; secondaries with the usual black mark and bar. 

 Expands. — 1.68 - 1.76 inches =42 - 44 nim. 



Habitat. — Calgary, Alberta, April 24, at sallows, head of Pine Creek, 

 No. 34 (Mr. Dod) ; Rounthwaite and Boucher, Manitoba, end of April. 

 Three male specimens, of which those from Manitoba came to me 




138 



THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



from Dr. Fletcher. All are in good condition and indicate a clear-cut 

 species. On the under side of the cell there is a very dense clothing of 

 long fine hair, which is present in the males of the other species, but is 

 not so well marked. It should be noted that all these species are early 

 fliers, and are on the wing as soon as the season opens. March and April 

 are the dates for such as have any attached. 



Explanation of Plate 4. 



of (5^ Acronycta tartarea. 



11 (^ Noctua Trumani, 



'I (^ Eueretagrotis inattenta. 



n ($ Scopelosoma Colorado. 



M ^ Hadena tinitima. 



11 ^ 11 cerivana. 



n ^ ti basilinea. 



.1 (^ M runata. 



n ^ 11 ferens. 



11 (J M allecto. 



11 (^ Rancora solidaginis. 



M ^ It strigata. 



-' ^ 11 albicinerea. 



M (J II albida. 



M J M Brucei. 



Eueretagrotis inattenta and Scopelosoma Colorado are not mentioned 

 in this paper, but have been recently described from this same general 

 faunal region. 



THE TOMB OF THOMAS SAY. 



I have just noticed Prof. Webster's note on the tomb of Thomas Say, 

 and it may be of interest to your readers to know that I have recently 

 visited New Harmony, Ind., and met Mr. John Corbin, the owner of the 

 old Maclure home, where stands the tomb of the father of American 

 descriptive entomology. Mr. Corbin, as Prof. Webster states, is much 

 interested in the proper preservation of this tomb, and is much interested 

 also in the history of Thomas Say. In fact, I found many people in the 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 139 



little village of New Harmony who knew about Say, and who were dis- 

 tinctly of the opinion that his residence in their village sheds lustre on its 

 history. The village library is an admirable one, housed in a beautiful 

 building, and among the treasures of the library are certain of Say's manu- 

 scripts, among others, one written upon the day of his death. — L. O. 

 Howard, Washington, D. C. 



NOTE ON THE GENERIC TITLE TRIFURCULA. 



BY A. RADCLIFFE GROTE, HILDESHEIM, GERMANY. 



In my "Descent of the Pierids," Jan., 1900, I have used Tri/urcu/a, 

 Staud., Iris., VII., 56, for a genus of Andean Pierids, but this name is 

 preoccupied in the Lepidoptera by Zeller, 1848, Staud. & Rebel, Cat. II., 

 p. 221. 



Staudinger states (1. c.) that he had at first named the genus 

 Piercolias, so this name, though open to criticism, should be used for 

 the Pierid genus with the type huanaco, Staud. The morphological 

 value of the neurational character of the primaries of Piercolias, which 

 led Staudinger to choose the name Tri/urcula, does not seem to have 

 been appreciated by him. The gradual progress of R2 towards the 

 apices, and of M2 towards the Radius, brings these branchlets in 

 juxtaposition. 



SPINNING METHODS OF TELEA POLYPHEMUS. 



In reply to the query suggested by Prof Grote, in the April 

 number of the Entomologist (page iio), with reference to the spinning 

 methods of Telea, I have discussed the subject with Dr. Fletcher, 

 whose opinion is that only some of the cocoons are so suspended, but 

 recent search has decided me that in this locality this is the case with 

 the majority. 



On April 2nd I found two cocoons on a small willow bush, one 

 suspended, with the leaves firmly attached to the stem ; the other 

 had been sjum between the overhanging sides of a large leaf that 

 had fallen across the limb, thus forming a complete canopy, but the 

 cocoon was firmly fastened to the twig with a lot of silk. Diligent 

 search amongst the leaves on the ground failed to reveal any fallen 

 cocoons. On April 8th I found two cocoons, both suspended on a wild 

 currant bush, and though there was a pile of dry straw lying against th? 




140 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



bush, which would have afforded a splendid harbour for the larva, yet no 

 signs of any cocoon or silk were found on it. 



In all cases where I have bred Telea they have attached the leaves 

 and cocoon to the stem with a silken band, which usually entirely 

 surrounds the stem for a distance of over an inch. 



I have collected from 2 to 4 dozen of these cocoons each winter for 

 the past three years, and occasionally have found them only very 

 insecurely attached, but in every case where they have been spun 

 amidst a bunch of fallen leaves, they have had the added protection of 

 being fastened to some twig. 



Last fall I discovered two cocoons, from which the moths had 

 prematurely emerged, and these were both securely fastened to the end 

 of the twigs. 



I shall read with interest all contributions on the subject, as this 

 peculiarity may only apply to western America. 



J. Wm. Cockle, Kaslo, B. C. 



BOOK NOTICES. 



A List of North American Lepidoptera, and Key to the Literature 

 of this Order of Insects. — By Harrison G. Dyar, Ph. D. Bulletin of 

 the United States National Museum, No. 52. Washington, D. C, 

 Government Printing Office, 1902. i vol. 8vo.; pp., xix., 723. 



Students of Lepidoptera throughout North America have been 

 looking forward with great interest to the publication of Dr. Dyar's 

 List, and have been full of hope_ that it would afford them an 

 authoritative and final settlement of the nomenclature of our butterflies 

 and moths, which for many years has been in a state of change and 

 instability. "We fear that this hope will be seriously disappointed. 

 The changes in many instances appear so arbitrary, the multiplication of 

 genera so inordinate, the absolute extinction of many familiar names so 

 far from necessary, that the ordinary student will feel much hesitation in 

 adopting this List as his guide, and unlearning so much that he has known 

 regarding the names of his specimens. He will naturally be inclined to 

 think that the List cannot be final, and that it will be safer for him to wait 

 for further developments before he changes a large proportion of the labels 

 in his cabinet and fills his notebooks with new names, 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 141 



Since its pviblicalion in iSgt, Prof. J. B. Smith's List has been 

 generally adopted, and most collections are labelled in accordance with it. 

 Some changes in generic names have here and there been accepted, and 

 specific names have in various cases been dropped into synonymy, their 

 places being taken by others whose authority has been established. These 

 changes, however, have not been numerous, and their propriety has 

 usually been made evident. In the new List, to take the butterflies alone, 

 we find that Dr. Dyar gives 652 species, and divides them into no less 

 than 158 genera. Dr. Skinner's List, in 1898, gave 645 species and 65 

 genera, and Prof. Smith's, 640 species and 74 genera. While the number 

 of species has been very slightly increased, the number of genera is more 

 than doubled. 



These generic names, set forth by Dr. Dyar, are, for the most part, 

 tiiose of Hubner and Dr. Scudder. Thirty years ago controversy raged 

 over the adoption of Hubner's names and those contained in Dr. 

 Scudder's " Systematic Revision of some of the North American 

 Butterflies." Mr. W. H. Edwards, author of the magnificent work on 

 " The Butterflies of North America," led what may be called the 

 conservative party, while those who favoured the revolution ranged 

 themselves under the banner of Dr. Scudder. In process of time the 

 conflict died out, and many of the names so strongly objected to were 

 adopted by common consent, while others were dropped, even by Dr. 

 Scudder himself in his subsequent grand work on " The Butterflies of the 

 Eastern United States and Canada." In the List before us. Dr. Dyar has 

 not implicitly followed Dr. Scudder's final work, but has made a certain 

 number of changes even from it. He may be abundantly justified by 

 " the laws of priority " in nearly all that he has done — we cannot pretend 

 to have such a knowledge of the literature as would permit us to deny it 

 — but it seems a pity that genera should be split up where structural 

 differences do not require it, merely because Hubner set forth a variety of 

 names more than a century ago. 



The list is admirably printed, and provides a most welcome reference 

 to the literature of the subject in the case of every genus and species, but 

 we must complain that no mention is made of the familiar generic names 

 that have been dropped, which surely might have been recorded as 

 synonyms. Such old-established names as Pieris, Colias, Melitsea, 

 Grapta, Pyrameis, Lycsena, Callimorpha, Hjdicecia and others have 

 disappeared, and are not even to be found in the very comprehensive 




142 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



index. This is a great misfortune, as the rising generation of entomolo- 

 gists who accept this book will have nothing by which to connect the new 

 designations with those employed in the older literature. 



Time and space will not permit us to discuss the larger field of the 

 Heterocera. Many, no doubt, will be surprised at the arrangement 

 of families, which places the Notodontidse, Bombycid^e, etc., between the 

 Noctuidie and Geometrid?e. The restoration of the Papilionidas to the 

 head of the Lepidoptera has been fully justified by Prof. Grote. 



The preparation of this list has evidently involved a very large 

 expenditure of time and labour, and we must all acknowledge that the 

 author has placed us under a deep debt of obligation to him. The 

 work, notwithstanding any criticisms that may be passed upon it, 

 is an extremely valuable one, and will be found by its possessors to be 

 most useful, and, indeed, indispensable. Though we may not agree with 

 it on all points, we must admit its excellence and importance, and we beg 

 to congratulate the author on his achievement, and thank him for what he 

 has accomplished. Our hearty thanks are also due to the Smithsonian 

 Institution for its generosity in issuing the work free of charge. 



By a strange oversight the Canadian Entomologist has been 

 omitted from the periodicals in the list of works quoted, though it is 

 referred to on nearly every page of the book. 



Elementary Studies in Insect Life. — By Samuel J. Hunter, Univer- 

 sity of Kansas. Crane & Company, publishers, Topeka, Kansas. 

 I vol., 8vo., pp. 344. (Price, $1.25.) 



We are glad to welcome a book from the West that aims at popular- 

 izing the study of Entomology. Prof. Hunter's object is " to induce the 

 student to become acquainted, through personal observations in the field 

 and laboratory, with some of the important biological problems presented 

 by insects." He carries out his plan in a series of well-illustrated chapters 

 dealing with the lives of some typical insects, their special senses and pro- 

 tective devices, those that live solitary or social lives, their instincts and 

 their relations to plants ; these are followed by short descriptions of injuri- 

 ous and beneficial insects, and of the principal orders, and some remarks 

 ujK)n their geographical distribution and their struggle for life. The re- 

 mainder of the book gives instructions for forming a collection, for breed- 

 ing specimens in order to observe their life-history and for laboratory work 

 for the study of their structure. The volume is profusely illustrated with 

 two plates and over 250 figures, most of which are original and excellent. 

 It will no doubt be found of much service by beginners in the pursuit of 

 Entomology and by teachers who are called upon to give instruction in 

 Nature Study. 



Mailed May 2nd, 1903. 





^*^fl^^0 









^^//i ^^ 







^ini/i'si.K (tr/in/ti (malo). 

 " phyllira. 



var. incoi-r/i/'/d (male). 



Apiinh'sis onia/a (lemale). 



phalerata (female). 



" (ti'iiiale). 



eel in. 

 Williiinisii, 



var. lirtmii i?ia/(t (female) 



" (male). 



siipcrha. 

 IVilliaiiisii, 

 var. dcfcniiindtn (male). 



Apautcsis ornata, 



var. achaia. 

 " j-ectilifiea. 



" oblitcrata. 



" Qiieiiselii, 



var. turbans (male). 



" " (female). 



" (melanic male) 




' t 1 



flit Caiiiuliiin ftntomnloifibt. 



Vol. XXXV. LONDON, JUNE, 1903. No. 6 



NOTES 0,V CANADIAN SPECIES OE THE GENUS APAN- 



TESIS (ARCT/A), WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE 



TO THE LARV.-4:. 



BY ARTHUR GIBSON, DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY, CENTRAL EXPERIMENTAL 



FARM, OTTAWA. 



(Continued from page 123.) 



9. QuENSELii, var. turbans. — Probably one of the most interesting 

 surprises we have had since studying these insects, is the fact that the 

 form just mentioned has been taken, and not uncommonly, for some 

 seasons, at several points in Manitoba and the Northwest Territories. 

 The first specimens we examined were collected "at light" at^Calgary, by 

 Mr. T. N. Willing. Afterwards Mr. F. H. WoUey-Dod, of Millarville, 

 Alta., forwarded us a beautiful series of nine specimens for study, and 

 Mr. Norman Criddle, of Aweme, Man., also was good enough to send us 

 four examples. Besides these 13, Mr. Willing forwarded seven specimens. 

 While in Washington, in December, 1902, Dr. Fletcher submitted a series 

 of the moths to Dr. Dyar, who compared them with the original descrip- 

 tion of turbans, afterwards expressing himself as certain that our 

 Northwestern form was this variety of quenselii. 



The 20 specimens before me are fairly uniform, and have a wing 

 expanse of 26-35 mm. None of them show any traces of spots or 

 markings on the secondaries other than those shown in the specimens on 

 the accompanying plate. The markings on the primaries vary chiefly in 

 width, but the three specimens figured give a good idea of the moth. 

 Only one specimen shows any departure, and in this, as will be seen by 

 the photograph, there is a decided tendency to melanism, but only, 

 however, on the primaries. The secondaries of all the males, excepting 

 two, are distinctly yellow, the same colour as virgiinciila, and the 

 marginal markings are remarkably uniform and distinct, with no tendency 

 whatever to melanism. The hind wings of the females are likewise 

 yellow, with the exception of those of two specimens which are orange, 




144 THE CAISTADIAN ENTOMOLOGHST. 



the same as the two males. The moths remind one, somewhat, of 

 virgunada, and have been so labelled by some students. They are, 

 however, easily separated from that species, being smaller, and having 

 more white markings on the primaries. 



Mr. Wolley-Dod says that the moths are " very common during dry 

 seasons, less so of late years," and that the reddish tinge on the second- 

 aries seems unusual. He also says that the larva feeds chiefly on what he 

 believes to be Galimn, the imagoes appearing about the end of July and 

 in August. I hope that western collectors will be on the lookout for 

 females of this interesting Arctian, and try to obtain eggs so that we may 

 learn something of its life-history. 



Distribution. — Olds, Alta., August 9, 11 (Willing); Sylvan Glade, 

 near Olds, Alta., Aug. 26 (Willing); Calgary, Alta., Aug. 7 (Willing); July 

 29, 30 (bred), Aug. 3 (bred), 5, 8, 9, 12, 16, iS (Wolley-Dod); Aweme, 

 Man. (Griddle). 



10. Obliterata. — While Dr. Dyar was examining the specimens of 

 que>ise/ii, var. turbans, just referred to, he made the discovery that one of 

 Mr. Wolley-Dod's examples, which we had associated with that form, was 

 the lost species obliterata. The noticeable differences between this 

 specimen and the others are, as is shown on the plate, the presence of two 

 additional discal spots on the secondaries, and a dark dash leading to the 

 base of the wing. The colour of the secondaries is orange, the same as 

 in some specimens oi titrba?is. It would appear that obliterata may be 

 only a variety of turbans, but of course further investigation is needed, 

 and I trust the opportunity will come to some one living where turbans 

 occurs. 



Distribution. — Galgary, Alta., Aug. 15 (Wolley-Dod). 



11. BoLANDERi. — .A single $ collected at Aweme, Man., by Mr. 

 Griddle, has been so named by Dr. Dyar. This Arctian is given in Dr. 

 Dyar's new catalogue as a synonym of B/akei, and the specimen in 

 question agrees very well with the figure of Blakei on Plate V., Proc. Ent. 

 Soc. Philad., Vol. III. Three $ moths received from Mr. Wolley-Dod, 

 and collected at Calgary, Alta,, which we cannot exactly place, come very 

 close to Mr. Griddle's specimen, but are larger. Dr. Dyar has published 

 the life-history of Bolanderi in the Proceedings of the Boston Society of 

 Natural History, Vol. XXVI., and describes the larva* as " black, dorsal 



*Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Vol. VIII., p. 46. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 145 



band vermilion red, pale in the incisures ; segments white dotted 

 posteriorly; wart iii bright red at base, the subventral warts pale Hair 

 stiff, reddish subventrally." Our Canadian form ought to be bred to see 

 if the larvae agree with those studied by Dr. Dyar. Doubtless the species 

 will have to be gone over several times before we can get a true 

 knowledge of its variations. 



Distributio?i. — -Aweme, Man. (Griddle). 



12. Nevadensis, var, incorrupta. — This is another Arctian which 

 we did not know occurred in Canada. It also has been found in the 

 West, the only specimens we know of having been collected at Calgary, 

 Alta., and Aweme, Man. The lo examples we have examined (7 c? , 3 ? ) 

 are very similar in markings and do not show any variation other than 

 that appearing on the accompanying plate. The moth is an attractive 

 one, the colour of the secondaries of all the specimens being almost a 

 poppy-red, or rose vermilion. The colour of the abdomen above is the 

 same as that of the hind wings, excepting at the tip, where it is a cream 

 colour, as is also the ventral surface, excepting in the 3 9 and i ^ which 

 have the under surface of the abdomen black with the posterior edge of 

 each segment ringed with white. A dorsal and a lateral row of black 

 spots occur on all the specimens, and in those which have the segments 

 drawn closely together these appear as wide bands. A single 9 Arctian 

 (collected June 28) received from Mr. Wolley-Dod, with the primaries 

 marked as in incomipta, had pure black secondaries, as well as a black 

 body. I do not know of anything having been published on the earlier 

 stages of iiicorrtipta, and any information on the life-history would be 

 very welcome. Dr. Dyar, in his description of the larva of superba, as 

 hereafter mentioned, stated that he thought this to be that of mcorncpta. 

 This shows that much work is to be done yet before we can acquire 

 definite knowledge. Mr. Coquillett describes the larva -of ^V'^e/afl'^^^/.r as 

 black, with a broken, dull white dorsal line, warts gray, the hairs varying 

 in colour (mixed black and reddish or black and yellowish). 



Distribution. — Areola, Assa., Aug. 20 (Willing); Calgary, Alta., 

 Aug. 7 (Willing); July 7, 30 (bred), Aug. 6 (Wolley-Dody; Aweme, Man., 

 Aug. I, 5 (Criddle). 



13. Superba. — The only examples of this form, which we have seen 

 were collected on Vancouver Island. In the " Bulletin of the Natural 

 History Society of British Columbia," 1893, i^ ^ I'^t, by Mr. W. H. Danby, 

 of Lepidoptera collected in British Columbia, and in this list superba is 




146 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



noted as "occurring everywhere." Recent collectors, however, report it as 

 scarce. While in New York in December last. Dr. Fletcher compared the 

 specimen figured, with the type of superha in the American Museum of 

 Natural History. Dr. Dyar in his list places superba as a variety of 

 JVevade?isis, and in a recent paper* describes the larva as follows : 

 " Head shining black, labrum yellowish, antennae pale, pinkish at base ; 

 width 3.3 mm. Body black, thoracic feet black, the abdominal ones 

 pinkish, pale. Warts large, normal, arctiiform, i. and ii. with shining bases, 

 i. over half as large as ii., which is elongate. Hair abundant, bristly, 

 sparsely barbuled, rather short before, long on joints 12 and 13 ; most of 

 the hair from wart i. and a few on the sides of ii. are yellow, below this 

 jet-black mixed with white, mostly white from warts iv. to vi. Warts iii. 

 orange, the rest black. A light yellow dorsal line, broken into three 

 spots on each segment, distinct, most of them lanceolate ; a line on joints 

 2 and 3 ; no shields ; joint 2 with little warts, normal. A variety had the 

 dorsal line nearly obsolete, composed of a few dots ; wart iii. black like 

 others. Hairs nearly all yellow, only a few black ones mixed ; some 

 longer white ones postefiorly." To this description is added '• I think, 

 however, that this is the larva of A. inco?-ri{pia, of which I have only 

 males." 



It is to be hoped that British Columbian collectors will endeavor to 

 work out the complete life-history of this interesting form. The moths 

 may be much commoner than we imagine. Many of our western Arctians 

 run very close together, and large series of the moths should be bred 

 from eggs, with the female which laid them correctly associated. 



Distribution. — Victoria, B. C. July 9, 11 (Anderson); Hampson 

 gives Eraser R. (St. John) and Vancouver Island as localities for this 

 msect. 



14. W1LLIAM.SI1, var. DETERMiNATA. — Specimens of the typical form 

 of ^. Wi/liamsii, Dodge, must be very rare. All the specimens we have, 

 and those which have been loaned by correspondents, have proved to be 

 the variety dderminata. Dr. Fletcher submitted a good series of the 

 moths to Dr. Dyar, who named them all detcrminata. This form is 

 reported as the commonest Arctian in Manitoba and the Northwest. Dr. 

 Fletcher has collected numbers of specimens, and Mr. F. H. Wolley-Dod, 

 of Millarville, Alta.,* rej^orls that determinata is " apparently the most 



*Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, NUl. X.W'., 1902, \>. },~i 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



14-; 



regularly common species of the genus. Have taken it most commonly 

 at light, end June and July, but have seen it flying in sunshine." None 

 of those we have examined agree with Dodge's figure of IVillianisii, 

 admittedly not correct, in Can. Ent., Vol. III., p. 167, every specimen 

 having the extra transverse band on the primaries. During the past 

 summer Mr. A. J. Dennis, of Beulah, Man., kindly sent me a batch of 

 eggs of Wiliianisii, var. determinata ; but, unfortunately, only two of 

 them hatched. These eggs were laid about the ist July, and hatched on 

 the 9th. The two larvae reached Stage VI.; one has since died, but the 

 other is now hibernating. The notes on the six stages, presented here- 

 with, are, I believe, the only knowledge we have of the larvte. In 1885, on 

 May 31, Dr. Fletcher found one larva on Erigeron fil if alius, ^wW., at 

 Kamioops, B. C, the moth emerging Aug. i; other larv?e were seen 

 under stones, and at Spence's Bridge, B. C. (June i), on Senecio. 



Stage I. — Length at first 1.8 mm., colour dirty whitish, after feeding 

 greenish. Head 0.3 mm. wide, dark, slightly bilobed ; mouth-parts 

 reddish. On each segment of body is the usual row of transverse 

 tubercles ; these are black and shiny. Cervical shield black. Bristles long 

 and slender, those from tubercles on dorsum black, from the lateral 

 tubercles silvery and longer than the black bristles. Tubercle i. small, ii. 

 very large, iii., iv. and v. nearly same size. Bristles finely barbed. 

 Tubercles ii., iii., iv. and v. are surrounded with brownish-red. Feet 

 concolorous, marked exteriorly with brown. Three days after hatching a 

 pale blue dorsal stripe was discernible. 



Stage IT. — Length 4.5 mm. Head 0.5 mm. wide, brown, darker at 

 apex, ocelli black. The larvai in general appearance are brownish, but 

 under a lens the skin from the inside edge of tubercle i. to the lower edge 

 of ii. is seen to be reddish-brown, except at intersegmental folds where it 

 is greenish; with a medio-dorsal stripe of pale blue. The skin between ii. 

 and iii , iii. and iv., iv. and v. and v. and vi. is yellowish, or greenish- 

 yellow, paler subventrally, blotched with reddish-brown. Tubercles 

 black, i. very small, ii. large, iii. and iv. about same size, v. smaller than 

 iv., and vi. smaller than v. Bristles from i., ii. and iii. nearly all black, 

 only a few silvery ones from iv., and from lower tubercles silvery. Bristles 

 faintly barbed, of varying lengths, the silvery ones slender and longest. 

 Spiracles small, black, close in front of tubercle iv. Feet concolorous, 

 semi-translucent, darkened exteriorly. 




148 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



Stage III. — Length 5.5 mm. Head 0.7 mm. wide, blackish. Tlie, 

 two iarvte in this Stage do not show any dift'erence from Stage II. The 

 general colour is the same, as is also the pale blue dorsal stripe, and the 

 yellowish colour of the skin between tubercles ii. and iii., iii. and iv., iv. 

 and V. and v. and vi., shading to greenish subventrally. Tubercles black 

 and shiny; bristles as before, the black ones mostly from i., ii. and iii., 

 and the silvery or slightly rusty bristles from iv. and lower tubercles. 

 Thoracic feet blackish, shiny; prolegs, upper portion blackish, lower 

 portion pale. 



Stage IV. — Length 9.5 mm. Head 0.9 ram. wide, black with 

 exception of a pale brownish space on cheek above ocelli. The general 

 appearance of the larvse in this Stage is darker than in Stage III. The 

 skin of dorsum is mostly blackish, and shades to blackish-gray subven- 

 trally. The dorsal stripe is conspicuous, and now almost a cream colour. 

 The yellowish blotches along the sides are still present and the series 

 between ii. and iii. appears almost as a lateral stripe. I'he tubercles and 

 bristles are as in last Stage. Spiracles small, black, close in front of the 

 lower edge of tubercle iv. Thoracic feet black ; prolegs, upper half 

 blackish, lower half paler. 



Stage V. — Length 12.5 mm. Head 1.2 mm. wide, black, shiny. 

 Body in general appearance blackish. Skin on dorsum grayish, mottled 

 and blotched with velvety black. Skin on sides yellowish-gray and also 

 blotched with black, but not so heavily marked as on dorsum. Venter 

 much paler than dorsum. Dorsal stripe conspicuous, yellowish, creamy at 

 intersegmental folds. Tubercles black, shiny. Between tubercles ii. and 

 iii. is a distinct lateral band of pale yellow. The whole of tubercle ii. on 

 the inside is margined with pale yellow. The skin between iii. and iv. 

 and iv. and v. is also rather intensely yellow. Spiracles black close in 

 front of iv. Each tubercle has a bunch of barbed bristles, those from i., 

 ii. and iii. being black, while those from iv. and lower tubercles are 

 mostly ])ale rusty. The dorsal tubercles on segments 12 and 13 bear a 

 few very long slender bristles, which are pale grayish at tips. Thoracic 

 feet shiny, black. 



Stage VI. — Length 14 mm. Head 1.6 mm. wide, subquadrate, 

 slightly bilobed, black, excepting just above ocelli, where there is a pale 

 brownish patch with dark moltlings ; hairs on face black, of varying 

 lengths ; mouth-parts reddish. Body black, shading to grayish-black 

 ventrally. Under a lens, the skin is grayish mottled with velvety black, 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 140 



especially on the dorsum. Dorsal stripe, orange-yellow, whitish at 

 intersegmental folds. Tubercles as before, i. about one-fifth the size of 

 ii., which has a polished base. The lateral band between ii. and iii. is as 

 before, same colour, but not so bright as the dorsal stripe. The skin 

 between iii. and iv. and iv. and v. is also yellowisli, as in last Stage. 

 Bristles from tubercles i., ii. and iii., and mostly from iv., black ; only a 

 few pale rusty bristles from iv.; from v. and lower tubercles the bristles 

 are all pale rusty. Thoracic feet black, shiny; prolegs dark, tinged with 

 dull red. 



The 5 moth which laid the eggs has since been received and labelled 

 by Dr. Dyav '•^Williamsii, van deterj/iinata." It is shown on the plate 

 herewith, as well as a typical ^ . As this Arctian is so common where it 

 occurs, I trust that our western friends will secure eggs the coming 

 season, so that we may get further light on this interesting species. It 

 seems strange that of all the specimens of determmata we have examined 

 (30), only two are females, and these two, if it were not for the additional 

 transverse bar on the primaries, would agree remarkably well with Dodge's 

 figure of Wiliiamsii. 



Distribution. — Kamloops, B. C, Aug. i, bred (Fletcher); High 

 River, Alta. (J. Baird); Calgary, Alta., June 21, 23, July 14, 16, 23 

 (Wolley-Dod); Aug. 7 (Willing); Prince Albert, Sask., July 6 (Fletcher); 

 Alameda, Assa., July 9 (Willing); Carnduff, Assa., July 6 (Willing); Cart- 

 wright, Man., June 21. 29, July 3-15 (Heath); Aweme, Man. (Criddle); 

 Beulah, Man., July i, 6, 15 (Dennis); Elkhorn, Man., July 8 (Fletcher); 

 Ignace, Ont., July 19 (Fletcher); Sudbury, Ont., July 18 (Evans). 



15. Phyllira. — As mentioned, this Arctian is thought by some to 

 be the same as rectilinea. True phyllira has not the veins of the 

 primaries lined, whereas in true rectilinea these are conspicuously lined 

 (see plate). The only Canadian specimens I have seen of phyllira were 

 collected at London, Ont. We have received other records of the 

 capture of this insect in Ontario, but have not seen the specimens, and 

 these records are included on the authority of the collectors themselves. 

 The species is, I believe, southern in its range. The life-history has been 

 published by Packard, and, as previously mentioned, our larvte of 

 rectilinea answered very well to Packard's description of phyllira. 

 Further breeding will have to be done, however, before definite informa- 

 tion can be had regarding both these forms, which now have recognized 

 specific names. 




loO THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



Distribution. — London, Ont. (Geo. Anderson) ; Jul}' 6 (A. P. 

 Saunders); Sept. 6 (H. S. Saunders)*; Orillia, Ont., June 28, July 5 

 (Grant). 



16. Celia. — Through the kindness of Dr. Bethune, who has 

 generously presented the original type of celia to the Division of 

 Entomology, we are able to figure it on the plate accompanying this 

 article. It will be noticed that the photographs of celia and 

 determinata $ are very much the same, but the moths themselves seem 

 quite distinct, although it is difficult to describe the differences. Five 

 specimens of celia are before me, and none of them are anything like 

 phyllira, of which celia has often been referred to as a synonym. All the 

 five specimens, four of which were submitted to Dr. Dyar, are smaller 

 than the type, and show a decided tendency to melanism. A single egg 

 of celia was obtained by Mr. C. H. Young, from a female moth which he 

 collected at Meech Lake, Que. (near Ottawa). This egg, which was laid 

 on May 27 and hatched June 9, he kindly gave to the writer, who reared 

 the larva through six moults. After reaching Stage VI L and feeding for 

 some days it went into hibernation. When examined later, however, it 

 was noticed that a disease had attacked the specimen, so it was killed 

 and inflated. As will be seen from the following notes on the larval 

 stages, our specimen was a fairly large caterpillar, and not at all like the 

 larva o{ phyllira as published by Packard. Saunders's description of the 

 mature larva oi celia agrees very well with our notes on Stage VII. as given 

 below. Further investigation, however, is needed. The full-grown larva 

 described by Saunders was found under a log in a wood near London, 

 Ont., on June 1 1. 



Stage I. — Length newly - hatched, 2 mm. Colour at first dirty 

 creamy white, after feeding greenish, with a tinge of brown. Head 0.3 

 mm. wide, shiny ; cheeks almost wholly black, just above ocelli pale 

 brownish ; clypeus and lower portion of face pale brownish ; mouth-parts 

 blackish. On each segment is a transverse row of black tubercles, i. 

 almost half the size of ii., which is the largest, iii. nearly as large as ii., iv. 

 about same size as iii. Cervical shield dark brown, bearing the usual 8 

 tubercles. Skin of body smooth, shiny. Sette from dorsal and upper 

 lateral series of tubercles mostly black, only a few silvery bristles; from 

 remaining tubercles, silvery. Bristles finely barbed. Thoracic feet 

 slightly darker than body ; prolegs concolorous. 



*Can. Ent., Vol. XXL, p. 60. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 151 



Stage IT. — General colour dull reddish-brown, with a faint pale 

 dorsal stripe, the food showing through front segments giving a greenish 

 appearance to anterior portion of larva. Head 0.5 mm. wide ; cheeks 

 black ; median suture pale ; clypeus, with exception of centre, pale, as is 

 also space above ocelli. Skin of body surrounding tubercle ii. and lateral 

 tubercles, more or less reddish-brown ; skin at joints of segments green. 

 Ventral surface green. Tubercles black, shiny. The skin between the two 

 tubercles i. shows up against the reddish-brown surrounding ii., as a faint 

 dorsal stripe. Bristles from dorsal tubercles black ; from iv. and lower 

 tubercles pale. On segments 12 and 13 are a fe.\v longer black hairs. 

 Spiracles very small, black, close to tubercle iv. All the feet slightly 

 darker than venter. 



Stage III. — Length 5.5 mm. Head o.S mm. wide, as before. 

 Cervical shield black, shiny. Skin of body much as in last Stage, 

 reddish-brown. Dorsal stripe pale yellow, even, distinct on all segments. 

 Tubercles black, shiny, ii. with a polished base ; bristles barbed. 

 Bunches of black bristles, with a few yellowish ones, from tubercles ii. 

 and iii., only a few bristles from i. Lower bristles from iv. pale yellowish 

 or a reddish tinge, from upper half of iv. black ; from tubercles below iv. 

 all pale. Skin of body between iii. and iv., iv. and v , and below v., 

 reddish. Ventral surface paler than dorsal. Spiracles small and black. 

 Thoracic feet blackish ; prolegs concolorous with venter inside, but 

 blackish outside. 



Stage IV. — Length 7 mm. Head i.o mm. wide, black, shiny, 

 median suture and space on cheek above ocelli, pale brownish ; hairs on 

 face mostly dark. Body dark brownish, mottled and splashed with 

 velvety black. Dorsal stripe reddish-yellow, rather indistinct. The 

 colour of the skin along the sides immediately below tubercles ii., iii., iv. 

 and V. is orange, giving the appearance of series of dashes of that 

 colour. Tubercles as before. Bristles from all the tubercles mostlv 

 black; only a few, comparatively speaking, are pale. Spiracles black, 

 almost touching anterior edge of tubercle iv. Feet as before. 



Stage V. — Length 12.5 mm. Head 1.4 mm. wide, as in last Stage. 

 Skin of body black, with exception of orange red dashes above tubercles 

 iii., iv., V. and vi.; these arc not conspicuous. Dorsal stripe has almost 

 disappeared, only a faint trace of it now. Tubercles black, shining, ii. 

 with a polished base. Venter not so dark as dorsum. Spiracles black, 

 close in front of tubercle iv. Bristles from tubercles i., ii. and iii. black, 




152 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



from other tubercles mostly black, with a few pale yellowish-red ones 

 intermingled. Thoracic feet jet-black, shiny ; prolegs exteriorly, upper 

 two-thirds black, shiny, lower third reddish. Later in the Stage the skin 

 loses its black intensity, and becomes more of a dark reddish-brown, 

 blotched with gray and black, and the orange-red dashes on sides become 

 more conspicuous. 



Stage F/.— Length i8 mm. Head 1.9 mm. wide, black, shiny, 

 epistoma sordid white. Body almost wholly black, no dorsal stripe now. 

 The skin immediately between tubercles iii. and iv., iv. and v. and v. and 

 vi. is now only faintly reddish. Tubercles black, shiny, ii. with a broad 

 polished base. All the bristles from the tubercles are black, with the 

 exception of a few pale reddish ones from tubercles vi., vii. and viii. 

 Spiracles black, touching anterior edge of tubercle iv. Thoracic feet 

 black ; prolegs reddish. 



Stage VII. — Length 25 mm. Head 2.6 mm. wide, subquadrate, 

 very slightly bilobed, black, shiny; posterior median space of cheek 

 brownish ; epistoma whitish ; mouth-parts reddish ; hairs on face black. 

 Skin of body wholly velvety black. Tubercles black, shiny, large and 

 conspicuous, i. nearly one-quarter the size of ii., ii, with a broad polished 

 base, iii. smaller than ii. Each tubercle above the spiracles has a bunch 

 of black, finely-barbed bristles, of varying lengths. The only rusty 

 bristles are from tubercles v., vi , vii. and viii., and these are a dark 

 rust-red. The dorsal tubercles on segments 12 and 13 bear a few extra 

 long bristles. Spiracles wholly black, touching on abdominal segments 

 the anterior edge of tubercle iv. No markings of any kind on the body. 

 Thoracic feet black, shiny, reddish at tips ; prolegs reddish. 



When the larva stopped feeding, eight days after the sixth moult, it 

 measured 30 mm. long, and 6 mm. wide at segment 8. 



Distribution — Banff, Alta., June 16 (N. B. Sanson); Aweme, Man. 

 (Griddle); London, Ont., June 30, bred (Saunders); Toronto (Bethune, 

 Croft); Meech Lake, Que., May 26 (Young); Montreal, Que., June 20 

 (P. M. Dawson); Cowansville, Que. (Fyles). 



17. F"iGURATA. — This form has been referred to as a variety of 

 p/iyliira, but Dr. Dyar in his recent catalogue gives it specific rank. The 

 species (if such it is) is rare in Canada. Full notes on the earlier stages 

 would be very welcome. Mr. E. L. Graef briefly describes the mature 

 larva as "jet-black, hairs very stiff." In the Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 153 



Vol. XXV., 1902, Dr. Dyar published the following description of the 

 larva of the form f -pallida: " Head shining black ; epistoma and 

 bases of antennae pale; width 2.7 mm. Body brown-black, the abdominal 

 feet pale reddish. A broad, distinct, sharp dorsal line, narrowed between 

 warts i., cream-white, pinkish shaded in the incisures. Warts black, hair 

 bristly, sparsely barbuled ; i. small, less than one-third the size of ii., i. 

 with small, ii. with large shining base, normal. Hair all black, even the 

 subventral, longer on joints 12 and 13." 



Distribution. — Toronto, Ont. (Gibson); Meech Lake, Que., May 31 

 (Young); Aylmer, Que., June 5 (Young). 



18. Nais. — This is a very variable species and one which is 

 constantly being mixed up with phalerata. Dr. Seifert has recently 

 published an article on the species in the Journal of the New York 

 Entomological Society, March, 1902, and the plate accompanying his 

 paper gives an excellent idea of the extent of variation in the moths of 

 this Arctian. Through the kindness of Dr. Seifert in sending us eggs, we 

 were able, the past season, to rear a good number of the imagoes. The 

 larvje also vary considerably and we cannot find any character whereby 

 to distinguish them from the larvae oi phalerata. 



Distribution. — Springfield-on-Credit, Ont. (Bethune) ; Kingsville, 

 Ont., Sept. 9 (C. T. Hills); Hamilton, Ont. (Evans); Montreal, Que., 

 July 7 (Stevenson). These records are included on the authority of the 

 collectors themselves. We have not examined the specimens. 



19. ViTTATA. — This species, while it has often been collected, in 

 different localities, cannot be considered a common insect in Canada. 

 The moths are closely related to nais and phalerata, and a series will 

 show considerable variation. A single specimen was bred at Ottawa in 

 1900 from a larva collected in a wood on the 26th May. The following 

 description was taken from the cast skin and head : Head black ; skin 

 of body velvety black, tubercles black, rough, not polished, each bearing 

 a bunch of bright rust-red bristles, those on the dorsum being slightly 

 darker ; none black. Bristles smooth, not barbed ; tubercle i. about 

 one-fifth the size of ii. Thoracic feet blackish-brown. 



Distribution — Hamilton, Ont. (Moffat, Evans); St. Catharines, Ont. 

 (Beadle) ; Toronto, Ont., June (Metcalfe, Gibson) ; Cobourg, Ont., 

 August (Bethune); Ottawa, bred, June 11 (Gibson); Montreal, Que. 

 (Brainerd). 




154 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



20. Phalerata. — The life-history of this Arclian was published by 

 the writer in the Canadian Entomologist, Vol. XXXIL, p. 369, and 

 in the February (1902) number of the same journal further additional 

 notes were given. On the whole, the moths of phalerata are fairly 

 constant. In those which we reared in 1900, there was a remarkable 

 lack of variation ; but in some of those bred the following year the W 

 mark on the primaries was indistinct, and in a few (females) nearly 

 obsolete. In none of our specimens, however, is the W mark altogether 

 absent, as is often the case in nais. In all the specimens of nais which 

 we have reared, the costal edge of the primaries is black, and this 

 character has been referred to in several accounts of that species. In 

 phalerata., however, the costal edge of the primaries is yellow in some 

 specimens and black in others, in the same brood. On the accompany- 

 ing plate two females and two males are figured, one female with a black 

 costa, the other with a yellow costa, and the same with the males. The 

 larvee of phalerata vary chiefly in the colour of the bristles ; in most of 

 our specimens these were black dorsally and rust-red subventrally. Some 

 larvae had bristles of a decidedly pale grayish colour, other specimens had 

 these more of a yellowish tinge, while still other examples had nearly all 

 the bristles of a pale rust-red colour. A dorsal stripe, or a series of 

 elongated spots, was present in some specimens, while others had no 

 niarkings whatever on the body. 



Distribution. — This species doubtless occurs in various districts in 

 eastern Canada, but the only Canadian specimens examined and 

 identified by Dr. Dyar were collected at Toronto, Ont., by the writer. 



In conclusion, I beg gratefully to acknowledge much assistance in the 

 preparation of this paper from my kind and ever-helpful teacher. Dr. 

 James Fletcher. The writer is also under much obligation to Dr. Dyar 

 for help, and to his many friends who have sent him material to study 

 and specimens to examine, as well as records of species in their 

 collections. My thanks are also due to Dr. Charles Saunders who took 

 the photograph from which the accompanying plate was made. We shall 

 be very glad indeed at all times to corresi)ond with any one interested in 

 these Arctians, and shall, of course, be most happy to receive for study, 

 eggs or larva; of any species of the genus. Material of the commonest 

 kind will be gladly welcomed. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 155 



CLASSIFICATION OF THE F0S30RIAL, PREDACEOUS AND 



PARASITIC WASPS, OR THE SUPERFAMILY 



VESPOIDEA. 



BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD, A. M., ASSISTANT CURATOR, DIVISION OF 

 INSECTS, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



(Paper No. 14. — Continued from Vol. XXXV., p. 107.) 

 Subfamily II. — Methocinae. 



1894. Myrmosini, Tribe II. (partim), Fox; Proc. Acad, Sci., 

 Phila., p. 273. 



1896. Myrmosini, Tribe II. (partim), Ashmead; Trans. Am. Ent. 

 Soc, XXII., p. 179, 180. 



1899. Metiiocinae, Tribu 36 (partim) Andre; Spec. Hym. d'Eur 

 Tom. 8, p. 58 and 71. 



1903. Methocinse, subfamille (partim), Andre'; Wytsman's Gen. 

 Ins. Earn. Mutillidse, p. 6. 



Mr. Ernest Andre's conception of this subfamily is erroneous ; he has 

 placed in it a number of genera that do not belong to the family 

 Thy7inidce. at all, but are genuine Myrmosids, and represent my tribe 

 Chyphotini. Moreover, Andre has incorrectly classified all of these 

 genera in the family Miitillldce, an error Fox and myself also fell into 

 years ago, before we had studied the Thynnida. 



Mr. Frederick Smith, of the British Museum, was apparently the first 

 to point out that Methoca belonged to the ThymiidcB, although he still 

 retained it among the Mtitillidce. Dr. David Sharp, in Cambridge 

 Natural History, Vol. 5, p. 96, has also correctly placed Methoca with the 

 Thynnides and gives a good figure of both sexes of M. ic/meumo?iides, 



Latr. 



Table of Genera. 



Females i . 



Males 2. 



I. Scutellum not differentiated, entirely absent ; prothorax and mesothorax 

 finely transversely aciculated ; head large, much wider than the 

 thoraXj finely sculptured, opaque ; eyes large, finely pubescent ; 




156 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



clypeus rounded anteriorly ; mandibles large, curved, edentate ; 

 maxillary palpi 5-jointed, the lateral palpi 



4-jointed (Africa) Andreus, Ashm.* gen. nov. 



(Type A. Abbottii, Ashm.t) 



Scutellum differentiated, represented by a convex elevation ; thorax 



and head smooth, shining ; eyes bare or nearly ; maxillary palpi 



6-jointed, the labial palpi 4-jointed Methoca, Latreille. 



(Type M. ichneumonides, Latr.) 

 2. Front wings with the first transverse cubitus wanting, the first and 

 second cubital cells confluent. 



Clypeus anteriorly produced into a triangular tooth ; abdomen 

 long, cylindrical, the hypopygium ending in a single upward- 

 curved aculeus Methoca, Latreille. 



Subfamily III. — Rhagigasterinse. 

 This subfamily ought to be easily distinguished by the characters 

 employed in my table of subfamilies. The genus Lophocheilus, Gue'rin, 

 I know only from the description and figure, and its position is uncertain, 

 although I am inclined to think that it belongs here, and may ultimately 

 prove to be the opposite sex of Eirone, Westwood. 



Table of Genera. 



Females i . 



Males 5. 



I. Head without a sulcus or grooved line on temples behind the 



eyes (Tribe II., Diammini) 2. 



Head quadrate, with a sulcus or grooved line on temples behind the 

 eyes (Tribe I., Rhagigasterini). 



Claws simple ; grooved lines on temples, curved and not quite 

 extending to the eyes ; maxillary palpi 6-jointed, labials 4- 

 jointed ; first ventral segment simple (North 



America) Glyptometopa, Ashmead. 



(Type G. Americana, Ashm.) 



*Namecl in honor of Mr. Ernest Andre 



tAndreus Abbottii, sp. n. — Female : Length, 7 mm. Black ; antennK, except the 

 last five or six joints, the niandililes, the palpi and the legs, ferruginous ; anterior margin 

 of the clypeus narrowly yellowish-white ; abdomen black, polished, shining, the last two 

 segments flavo-testaceous. 



Type.— Cat. No, 6S12, U. S, N. M, 



Ilab.— Congo, Africa (Dr. W. L, Abbott). 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 157 



Claws cleft ; grooved line on the temples straight and extending 

 from the eyes to the occiput ; maxillary palpi 6 jointed, labials 

 stout, 4-jointed ; first ventral segment with a tooth beneath 



(Australia) Rhagigaster, Guerin. 



(^Type R. unicolor, Guer., ^ . 

 = Diamma ephippiger, Gue'r., ? .) 



2. Claws cleft ^. 



Claws simple 4. 



3. Head subquadrate, not or scarcely longer than wide ; eyes very large ; 



ocelli present ; mandibles 3- or 4-dentate ; maxillary palpi 6-jointed, 



labials 4-jointed (Australia) Diamma, Westwood, 1835. 



=:Trachypterus, Guer., 1839. 

 (Type D. bicolor, VVestw.) 



Head oblong, more than twice longer than wide ; eyes minute ; ocelli 

 wanting ; mandibles at apex bidentate ; maxillary and labial palpi 



both 4-jointed (Australia) Eirone, Westwood. 



(Type E. dispar, Westw.) 



4. Head large, oblong, longer than wide ; eyes minute ; maxillary and 



labial palpi both 4.jointed (South America) Aelurus, Klug. 



(Type A. nasutus, Klug.) 



Head large, subquadrate, a little wider than long, and much wider than 

 the thorax ; prothorax ovate ; mandibles (?) simple ; maxillary palpi 



6-jointed (Australia) Ariphron, Erichson. 



(Type A. bicolor, Erich.) 



5. Mandibles tridentate 6. 



Mandibles bidentate 9. 



6 First transverse cubitus without an appendage, the first cubital cell 



undivided .... 7. 



First transverse cubitus with an appendage or spurious nervure, which 

 divides the first cubital cell into two more or less distinct cells .... 8. 



7. Second cubital cell receiving both recurrent nervures ; maxillary palpi 



6-jointed, labials 4-jointed Diamma, Westwood. 



Second cubital cell receiving only one recurrent nervure — the first, the 

 second recurrent nervure being interstitial, or nearly, with the second 



transverse cubitus (Australia) Oncorhinus, Shuckard. 



(Type O. xanthospilus, Shuck.) 




158 THE CANADIA.N ENTOMOLOGIST. 



8. Third cubital cell larger than the second, the second and third each 



receiving a recurrent nervure ; clypeus not prominent, with a slight 

 triangular emargination or impression anteriorly ; apical tooth of 

 mandible much longer than the two inner teeth ; maxillary palpi 

 6-jointed, labials 4-jointed (South America) . . Telephoromyia, Guerin. 



(Type T. rufipes, Guer.) 



Third cubital cell shorter than the second ; clypeus not produced, 

 excised anteriorly; maxillary palpi 6-jointed, joints 1-3 short, 4-6 

 very long ; labial palpi 4-jointed Aelurus, Klug. 



9. Clypeus somewhat produced, the anterior margin subarcuately emar- 



ginated, the labrum more or less exposed, ciliated ; maxillary palpi 

 6-jointed, first joint of tlagellum shorter than the second 



(Australia) Lophocheilus, Gue'rin. 



(Type L. villosus, Guer.) 



THE LARVA AND PUPA OF THE APPLE BUD-BORER 



{Steganoptydia pyricolana, Murt.). 



BY E. DWIGHT SANDERSON, AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, TEXAS. 



In Studying the larva and pupa oi Steganoptycha pyricola?ia,M\xxi., 

 some observations were made as to structure, which it seems desirable to 

 permanently record. The life-history and habits of the species have been 

 described in the Twelfth Report of the Delaware Agricultural Experiment 

 Station. 



"This species was described by Miss M. E. Murtfeldt, in Bulletin 

 No. 23, o. s., Div. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agr., p. 52, as S. pyricolana, Riley 

 MS. Concerning the identity, it was stated that ' Professor Fernald, to 

 whom a specimen was shown, considers it identical with Clemens's .S*. 

 salicicolatia, which, I believe, breeds in willow galls, but Dr. Riley pro- 

 nounces it distinct, and he has types of Clemens's species.' My speci- 

 mens agree entirely with Miss Murtfeldt's description, but are distinctly 

 different from Clemens's types in the collection of the Am. Ent. Society. 

 Correspondence shows that the opinion credited above to Dr. Fernald is 

 incorrect, as he never compared the specimens. Dr. Fernald, to whom 

 specimens were referred, has kindly given the identity of the species con- 

 siderable attention, and writes me that he has frequently received speci- 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 159 



mens from various parts of the country, where the larva has been boring 

 in rose. He also states that there is probably no doubt as to my speci- 

 mens being the same as Riley's S. pyricolana. 



" Miss Murtfeldt found the larva damaging apple terminals in Mis- 

 souri in August and September, i8go, and gives an excellent description 

 of the larva and moth. This is the only published reference to the species 

 so far known. 



'■'■Larva. — 5 x 1.25 mm. Elongate, sub-cylindrical; colour from a 

 dirty cream to light yellowish-brown, tinged with pinkish dorsally— usually 

 giving it quite a rose colour, tubercles grayish, spiracles brown ; head 

 slightly narrower than prothorax, metathorax to 7th abdominal segment 

 of same width, thence tapering sharply caudad ; head shining, front cinna- 

 mon brown, sutures darker with blackish line, an indefinite caudo-mesal 

 area slightly darker and a similar darker shade on each dorso-lateral sur- 

 face caudally, joining on caudal margin under pronotum ; labium and max- 

 illa body colour, sutures of under side of head dark, palpi and antennse 

 light, latero-ventral sutures of head black, ocelli black, forming a short 

 black bar extending caudo-dorsad back of antennse, labrum dark brown ; 

 abdominal segments with two and thoracic with three annular ; pronotum 

 chitinous, straight, cephalic margin covering caudal part of head which is 

 visible beneath, caudal margin curved, surface shining ; legs with basal 

 suture in front dark, otherwise concolorous ; tips of prolegs dark brown ; 

 the 8th abdominal segment, especially on the caudal annulet, giving it a 

 darker, olive colour, the 9th abdominal targite chitinous, shiny, olive 

 colour ; caudal seta3 prominent, long as the ninth segment ; anal prolegs 

 cylindrical, reaching to the tip of the ninth segment, brown at tips ; four or 

 five stiff brown setaj above anus ; segments of abdomen rather longer 

 caudally." 



Larval Mouth-parts. — The under side of the larval head is shown in 

 figure 4. I have been unable to homologize the sclerites at the base of the 

 labium and maxillaj ; ca is evidently the cardo of the maxilla, in two parts ; 

 c may also be a part of the cardo ; a and /; may form one sclerite, though 

 there is a distinct suture between them ; d forms a band connecting h on 

 either side (this same sclerite is found in Coleopterous larvi^, and seems to 

 be the ventral sclerite of a head segment) ; e is membranous, and in it lie 

 chitinized sclerites g and f. From g the occiput (?) i runs dorsad, the 

 portion /of the figure being the break caused by the detachment oii from/ 

 Qn the slide j j is distinct from h^ and caudally there is a distinct suture 




160 



THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



at .r, separating it from the dorsal portion of the head. The dotted line 

 extending in front of the ocelli is hypothetical, but traces of it can occa- 

 sionally be distinguished in other larvte, and the separation of these two 

 ocelli from the others indicates it. The long band with enlarged ends, 

 marked k, lies within the head above the maxilla and is strongly chitinized. 



I call attention to these different parts for the purpose of pointing out 

 the necessity for the study of the sclerites of the larval head. I have con- 

 sulted several specialists of Lepidopterous larvae without securing any in- 

 formation as to the identity of these parts. I have found the same diffi- 

 culty in Coleopterous larvae. Certainly these parts possess more or less 

 taxonomic value, and it seems to the writer that we err if we fail to de- 

 lineate and describe them in the description of larvae. But as long as we 

 have no terminology, this is difficult and will probably be neglected by 

 most students. Studies are certainly needed along this line. 



Pupa. — Described from cast skins and one specimen nearly ready to 

 transform. 



5.5 X 1.3 mm.; deep orange brown ; head, thorax and exposed por- 

 tions of appendages blackish ; spines on abdominal segments tipped with 

 black ; setje light ; thorax and first abdominal segment without dorsal 

 spines ; second abdominal segment with caudal row of spines ; third to 

 seventh abdominal segments with spines, as in Fig. 5 ; eighth to tenth, as 

 in the figure ; segments one to six subequal in length ; seventh shorter ; 

 eighth to tenth, adnate ; eighth and ninth together as long as sixth, 

 tapering caudad from fourth segment. In the figure x marks a break be- 

 tween a and b in the cast skin from which drawn. Concerning the iden- 

 tity of sclerites a and b, I am in doubt. 





|S3» I \\ 



Fig. 3. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



161 



Fig. 



Explanation of Figures. 



Fig. 2. — Tubercles of larva of 

 Steganoptycha pyricolaiia dia- 

 grammed ; d. m., dorso-meson ; 

 V. m., ventro-meson ; pro, mesOy 

 pro and meso-thorax ; abd. i-io, 

 abdominal segments, i to lo ; sp., 

 spiracle. 



Fig. 3. — Larval mouth-parts of 

 Steganoptycha pyricolana : /, la- 

 brum ; m, mandible ; a, antenna ; 

 //, dorsal aspect head ; t, tarsus ; 

 all enlarged. 



Fig. 4.— Ventral aspect of head 

 of larva oiSteganoptycha pyricolana, 

 enlarged ; for discussion of parts, 

 see text. 



Fig. 5. — Pupa of Steganoptycha 

 pyricolana; a, dorsal aspect 4th 

 abdominal segment; i^, dorsal aspect 

 8-ioth abdominal segments. 



V ••.•;..-M-:-:-.-'N"-"-5 



a ■••'•' 



Fiu, 4, 



Fiu. 




162 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



NEW BEES OF THE GENUS ANDRENA. 



BY S. GRAENICHER, MILWAUKEE, WIS. 



Andrcna thaspii, n.sp. 9 • — Length lo-ii mm.; black, clothed with 

 light ochraceous pubescence ; head broader than thorax ; facial quad- 

 rangle broader than long ; cheeks broad, shining, with fine punctures, 

 which are very close immediately behind the eyes ; front below ocelli 

 distincdy striate • facial fovete broad, containing light pubescence ; 

 antennae long and slender, black ; flagellum brownish testaceous beneath, 

 especially towards the tip \ joint 3 of the antennae as long as 4 and 5 

 together ; clypeus shining, clothed with thin, light pubescence ; a distinct 

 impunctate line in the middle, otherwise with moderately coarse 

 punctures \ basal process of labrum truncate ; mandibles dull testaceous 

 at the tips ; me.sothorax slightly shining, and covered with short, thin 

 pubescence ; on the scutellum the hairs are rather long and dense ; the 

 punctures of the mesonotum are shallow and not close together ; wings 

 yellowish hyaline, hardly clouded at the apex, with honey-coloured nerv- 

 ures and stigma ; second submarginal cell slightly narrowed above, about 

 half as long as the third, receiving the first recurrent nervure beyond the 

 middle of the cell ; metathoracic enclosure defined by an impressed line, 

 its surface more finely sculptured than the surrounding area of the 

 metathorax, except at the base, where it is slightly rugose ; legs dark 

 brown ; tibial scopa bright fulvous, shining ; the basal joints of the middle 

 and hind tarsi are covered with ferruginous pubescence on their inner 

 surface ; abdomen shining, with sparse light hairs which are long on the 

 first segment, but otherwise very short, forming thin apical fascii« on 

 segments 2 to 4 ; anal fimbria dark fulvous, inclining to ferruginous. 



^. — Length 9 mm., pubescence of head and thorax longer than in 

 female ; cly|:ieus more closely punctured throughout ; joint 3 of antennae 

 longer than 5, but distinctly shorter than 4 -I- 5 ; metathoracic enclosure 

 with the longitudinal rugae extending throughout its whole length ; joints 

 2 to 5 of anterior and middle tarsi, and all the joints of posterior tarsi, 

 ferruginous. 



Milwaukee, Wis.; 5^ and 9$ specimens captured on the flowers of 

 Thaspiuin tri/oliatum atircnm, and Angelica atropurpurea, between May 

 29 and June 23. The females obtain their pollen mostly from the flowers 

 of the first-named plant. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 1G3 



ATidrena Cockerelli, n. sp. $ . — Length lo-i i mm.; black, with 

 long, thin, whitish pubescence; a few black hairs on front below ocelli; 

 facial fovefe broad, black, reaching a little below the insertion of the 

 antennai ; antennas dark, joint 3 longer than 4 and 5 together ; clypeus 

 convex, somewhat shining, distinctly roughened and closely punctured ; a 

 median narrow and slightly elevated impunctate line ; process of labrum 

 triangular, notched at tip ; mandibles black, slightly ferruginous near the 

 tips ; cheeks broad and evenly rounded, finely roughened, clothed with 

 long, white pubescence ; mesonotum dull, tessellate, with sparse, hardly 

 visible, punctures ; the disc of the mesonotum is somewhat shining, as 

 also the scutellum ; enclosure of metathorax small, bordered by an 

 impresced line and somewhat rugose at base ; wings hyaline, nervures 

 and stigma testaceous ; the second submarginal cell is about two-thirds as 

 long as the third and receives the first recurrent nervure far beyond the 

 middle of the cell ; abdomen shining, minutely granular, without 

 punctures ; the thin white pubescence of the abdomen is most con- 

 spicuous on the first segment ; legs dark brown, with white pubescence ; 

 the basal joints of the tarsi are clothed with fuscous hairs on their inner 

 surface ; anal fimbria dark purplish brown. 



$. — Length 9 mm.; the pubescence is of a purer white than in the 

 female ; in addition to the black hairs below the ocelli, there is a narrow 

 row of black pubescence immediately behind and in front of the eye ; 

 there is also a patch of black hairs on the sides of the metathorax ; head 

 large, broader than the thorax ; antennae long, slender, joint 3 hardly as 

 long as 4 -I- 5 ; the surface of the clypeus is concealed by long and dense 

 pubescence ; mandibles long and slender ; cheeks broad, produced into a 

 rounded angle, which is situated above the middle of the eye, 



Milwaukee, Wis.; numerous $ and 5 specimens from April 6 to 30, 

 on flowers of willows, especially of Salix discolor. Kent Co., Mich.; i ^ , 

 April 1, 1902 (collected by A. D. Macgillivray, received from Prof. T. D. 

 A. Cockerell). Hartford, Conn.; i ? , April 19, 1896 (collected by S. N. 

 Dunning, No. loii, received from Prof T. D. A. Cockerell). 



The females are all about the same length. The males vary 

 considerably in size, ranging from 6 to 9 mm. in length. This species 

 resembles A. macoupmensis., Rob., but differs from it mainly in the 

 following characters : Facial fove?e distinctly black (pale in macoupi?ien- 

 sis); legs dark brown (hind tibiae and tarsi ferruginous in macoupinemis); 




164 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



anal fimbria dark purplish-brown (ochraceous in macoiipinetisis). It is 

 also very close to A. perarmata, Ckll., a species with black facial fovese. 

 In this respect Prof. Cockerel), to whom several of my specimens were 

 submitted, writes as follows: "Your 9 differs from ^perarmata by 

 lacking the black hair on metathorax. Also, type perarmata has the 

 process of labrum more pointed than in your insect." The $ of Cockerelli 

 may be readily distinguished from that of perarmata by the absence of 

 a tooth at the base of the mandibles. 



A?idrena Milwaukeensis, n. sp. $. — Length ii mm.; black, with 

 bright fulvous, erect, stiff hairs on vertex, thorax above, and first two 

 segments of abdomen above, otherwise the pubescence is black ; vertex 

 minutely granular ; cheeks rounded, with thin, black pubescence, which 

 does not conceal the sparse shallow punctures ; front finely striate ; facial 

 fove£e broad, appearing dark chocolate brown when viewed from above ; 

 antennae slender, brownish, dull ferruginous beneath towards the tip ; 

 joint 3 of flagellum hardly longer than 4 and 5 together; a patch of light 

 hair about the insertion of the antennje; clypeus smooth, shining, covered 

 with short, thin, black pubescence ; on the sides of the clypeus the 

 punctures are small and crowded, towards the middle they become coarse 

 and rather sparse ; a median impunctate and polished area, widening 

 gradually below ; process of labrum shining, truncate, emarginate ; 

 mandibles black with a ferruginous area near the tips ; the mesonotum 

 and scutellum are opaque, granular, not punctured, thickly covered with 

 fulvous pubescence ; tegulas testaceous ; wings fibro-hyaline, stigma 

 testaceous, nervures dark brown ; second submarginal cell somewhat 

 narrowed above ; the first recurrent nervure joins the latter near the 

 second transverse cubital nervure ; third submarginal cell more than twice 

 as long as second ; enclosure of metathorax distinctly outlined by a 

 smooth impressed line, with small rugae at its base; legs black, with black 

 hairs, becoming dark brown on the front tibia; ; abdomen tessellate, 

 without punctures, black, shining, with sh'ght metallic reflections ; seg- 

 ments 2 to 4 are depressed about one-third apically; there is a patch of 

 fibrous pubescence on segments i and 2, covering segment i almost 

 entirely, and becoming narrow towards the apex of segment 2 ; otherwise 

 the segments are clothed with short, stiff black hairs, not forming apical 

 fascise ; anal fimbria black. 



^ . — Length g mm.; differs from tiie female as foUov/s : Pubescence 

 longer, but thinner, entirely fulvous, without a trace of black hairs ; head 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, . 165 



extremely broad ; clypeus with small punctures throughout, except a medi- 

 an impunctate and very narrow line ; mandibles very long and slender, 

 strongly curved, with tips entirely ferruginous ; joint 3 of the very long 

 antennae shorter than 4 + 5 ; cheeks considerably produced, forming a 

 rounded angle above the middle of the eye; sixth and seventh abdominal 

 segments with thin fulvous pubescence. 



Milwaukee, Wis.; 4(^, 13 9 specimens taken between May 4 and 

 June 23, on various flowers. The colour of the pubescence varies from' 

 light ochraceous to bright fulvous in the female. One of my male 

 specimens has only 2 submarginal cells on each side. This species 

 resembles A. Hallii, Dunning, but the latter is a larger insect, and differs 

 otherwise from A. Milwaukeensis. In some of the females the patch of 

 fulvous pubescence on the abdomen extends even to the tip of the third 

 segment. This patch of light ochraceous or bright fulvous pubescence on 

 the first 2 or 3 abdominal segments separates this species from A. Hallii, 

 as also from any of the species oi Andrena flying in this locality. 



Andrena viburnella, n. sp. J . — Length 1 1 mm.; body robust, 

 black ; head, thorax and legs with very light ochraceous pubescence ; 

 vertex distinctly roughened, not punctured ; cheeks tessellate, finely and 

 closely punctured ; the thin pubescence is slightly longer on the lower 

 portion of the cheeks than on the face ; front coarsely striate, with a 

 median ridge extending from the ocellus to the base of the antennse ; the 

 upper one-third of this ridge is low, but the remaining part is very 

 prominent ; facial quadrangle broader than long ; antennae stout, dark 

 brown, with testaceous tips ; joint 3 about equaling joints 4 + 5, certainly 

 not longer ; facial foveae broad, with dark reddish-brown pubescence ; 

 clypeus shining, clothed with short hairs ; the punctures of the clypeus 

 are close and moderately coarse ; a median impunctate stripe is visible ; 

 process of labrum long, truncate ; mandibles black, ferruginous on their 

 apical halves, notched within near the tips ; mesonotum thickly covered 

 with short, stiff" hairs, its surface is dull, tessellate, with close, shallow 

 punctures ; scutellum shining, somewhat swollen, with a median 

 impression ; its punctures are closer and more distinct than those of the 

 mesonotum ; tegulse piceous ; wings dusky, nervures and stigma 

 ferruginous ; second submarginal cell not as broad as third, receiving the 

 first recurrent nervure at the middle ; metathorax coarsely roughened, its 

 enclosure defined by a faint impressed line ; the enclosure is somewhat 




166 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



rugose at base, otherwise finely sculptured ; legs dark brown, the small 

 tarsal joints ferruginous ; tibial scopa shining, of a lighter colour than the 

 pubescence of the body in general ; abdomen shining, bare, without hair- 

 bands ; segments 2 to 4 closely and finely punctured, depressed about 

 one-third apically; the depressions are tessellate, and contain only a few 

 scattered punctures ; anal fimbria dark fulvous. 



Milwaukee, Wis.; 2 9 specimens, May 29, 1902, from the flowers of 

 Viburnum lentago. In the type specimen the legs are dark brown ; in 

 the second specimen the legs are inclined to ferruginous. 



Atidrena albo/oveata, n. sp. V • — Length g mm.; black; pubescence 

 whitish, more or less yellowish on mesonotum ; facial quadrangle broader 

 than long ; head with short, sparse pubescence ; cheeks finely roughened, 

 with very small punctures ; front striato-punctate ; facial foveie very broad 

 above, narrowing gradually below and not unusually separated from eye ; 

 the pubescence of the fovese is silvery-white, appressed ; antennse robust, 

 black, somewhat testaceous beneath ; joint 5 shorter than 4, both 

 together longer than 3 ; clypeus nearly bare, shining, with close and 

 coarse punctures^ and an elevated impunctate line ; process of labrum 

 small, shining, lightly truncate; thorax with short, thin, erect pubescence; 

 mesonotum hardly shining, with fine punctures, which are close on the 

 sides, but sparse on the disc ; median and parapsidal grooves present, 

 the latter very distinct ; scutellum shining and more coarsely punctured 

 than the mesonotum ; tegulre piceous, a testaceous spot exteriorly; wings 

 yellowish-hyaline with rufo-testaceous nervures and stigma ; second 

 submarginal cell about one-third as long as the third, and receiving the 

 first recurrent nervure near the second transverse cubital nervure ; 

 enclosure of metathorax with longitudinal rugos, bordered by a low 

 transverse ridge ; legs very dark brown, covered with griseous hairs ; on 

 the inner surface of the basal joints of the tarsi the pubescence is 

 yellowish ; segments of abdomen depressed about one-third apically, 

 closely and finely punctured throughout ; there are thin apical fascise of 

 whitish pubescence, which are interru|)ted in the middle on segments 2 

 and 3 ; anal fimbria light fulvous, sparse. 



Milwaukee, Wis.; 7 $ specimens, June 15 and 16, 1902, on flowers 

 of Angelica atropurpurea. This species belongs to the genus Trac/iati- 

 drena, Rob. It is rather variable ; in some of the specimens the 

 pubescence is light ochraceous, and the hind tibiae and tarsi are 

 ferruginous. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 167 



SOME APHIDID.^ OF THE GENUS NECTAROPHORA FROM 



NEW MEXICO. 



BY T. D. A COCKERELL, EAST LAS VEGAS, N. U. 



Nedarophora rudbeckice. (Fitch). 



Hab. — Beulah, N. M., alt. 8,000 ft., very abundant on Rtidbcckia 

 ampla, A. Nelson. It is preyed upon by Hippodamia conver\^cns. This 

 species is easily known by its bright scarlet colour. Monell reports A^. 

 rudbeckia from many genera of CompositcC at St. Louis, Mo. ; in New- 

 Mexico I have found it only on one species of Rudbeckia ; even the 

 species on Rudbeckia hirta is quite different. 



Nedarophora solidaginis (Fabr.). 



ffab. — Beulah, N. M., July 26, numerous on Solidago. Blackish- 

 red, some almost black ; nectaries black ; cauda light yellowish ; stigma 

 pale greenish (yellowish in N. rudbeckice) ; femora with basal two-thirds 

 pale yellowish, distal third blackish. The very young may be slightly 

 tuberculate dorsally. Many of the young are bright red. In the winged 

 female the cauda is just half the length of the nectaries ; the latter are 

 imbricated. 



This species is very near to N. rudbeckice, but evidently distinct. 

 It agrees with Buckton's account of European JV. solidaginis in all 

 essential particulars ; Buckton's description and figure indicate a black 

 cauda, but in his table on p. 102 he says it is yellow. The species is 

 new to America, but is evidently native ; a member of the circumpolar 

 fauna. 

 Nedarophora corailorhizce, sp. n. 



Hab.— Bt\\\ah, N. M., July, 1902 {IV. P. Cockerel!). Numerous on 

 Corallorhiza imcltiflora. 



Apterous %. — Green (pale yellow mounted in balsam), without 

 markings; length 2^ to nearly 3 mm.; eyes scarlet; cauda pallid; 

 nectaries very long, colourless at base, blackish in middle, paler beyond, 

 but blackish again at the extreme tip ; antenna; pale, dusky at ends and 

 at the joints ; legs pale, apical portion of femora dusky ; tarsi black or 

 nearly so. Antennae over 3 mm. ; cauda ensiform, about 630 //. ; nec- 

 taries 1400 \t.; antennal joints measuring in //. ; (r.) prox. 150, (2 ) 100, 

 (3-) 1 130, (4-) 920, (5.), 730, (6a.) 150, (6b.) 1020. 



Nectaries slender, often curved outwards towards the end. Sensoria 

 few, on under side of basal half of third joint. 



N. lutea, Buckton, found on greenhouse orchids, is yellow, with a 

 large dorsal dark brown spot, and has much shorter nectaries. N. 




1G8 THE CANADIA.N ENTOMOLOGIST. 



nrtiae., Kalt., seems to resemble our insect as mucli as anything, but it is 



not the same. 



Nectarophora agrimoHiella, sp. n. 



Bab.—Bt\x\a^^, N. M., July 27, 1902 {W. P. and T. D. A. Cockerell). 

 Very abundant on Agrimonia etipatoria, Auctt., inhabiting the flower- 

 stalks. 



Winged ^ (full of young) — Large, light apple green (orange-ferrugi- 

 nous mounted in balsam), without markings ; eyes black ; femora with 

 basal two-thirds light green, distal third black, or sometimes less (about 

 90 /J.) ; distal 90 /x of tibiae, and all of tarsi, black ; nectaries suffused with 

 blackish; antennae dusky, joint 3 black except the basal 30 /x ; third 

 antennal joint with very numerous (about 32) protuberant sensoria, about 

 equally distributed on the proximal and distal halves ; cauda tapering, 

 with a blunt tip, sides with bristles set on little prominences ; no capitate 

 hairs anywhere. 



Length of body about 3 mm., wings about 3^ mm. ; other measure- 

 ments in /x : — Antennal joints: (i.) 120, (2.) no, (3.) iioo, (4.) 900, 

 (5.) 730, (6a.) 160, (6b.) 1230. Cauda about 450; nectaries 1000, with 

 imbricated surface ; beak 700 to 750 ; anterior femur 1000; marginal 

 cell with substigmatic portion 380, and poststigmatic portion 660. 



Allied to JV. erigeronetisis (Thos.), which it resembles in the numer- 

 ous sensoria on joint 3. 

 Nectarophora rudbeckiartim, sp. n. 



Hab. — -Beulah, N. M., July 26, 1902, on Rudbeckki ampla, with 

 N. rudbeckicE, but not nearly so numerous. 



JVinged ? . — Light green ; eyes, ends of tibiae, and tarsi, black. 

 Length of body about 2j^ mm., of wings about 4^ mm. Measurements 

 in jL : Nectaries 1200 ; cauda about 600, breadth at base 120, in middle 

 170; beak about 750; anterior femur 1500; antennal joints, (3.) 1200, 

 (4.) 1250,(5.) 1070; marginal cell with substigmatal portion 420, post- 

 stigmatal 500. Apterous ? about 4 mm. long, including cauda. This 

 cannot be a green variety of N. rudbeckice, for the following reasons : 



(i.) N". rudbeckice has much shorter nectaries, not over 850 /x. 



(2.) N. rudbeckice has a longer marginal cell, with substigmatal 

 portion 550, poststigmatal 700 /x. 



N. rudbeckiarum differs as follows from N. agrimoniella; 



(i.) The third antennal joint is not nearly so dark, and has only 

 about ten hardly protuberant sensoria, which are practically confined to 

 the basal half of the joint. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 169 



(2.) The Cauda, which in agrimoniella tapers from the base to the 

 apex, in rudbeckiartan is spear-head shaped, with the base narrower than 

 the middle. These descriptions represent the cauda as seen from above. 



(3.) The apical portion of the stigma is narrower and more produced 

 tlian in agrimoniella. 



(4.) The femora are not at all black at distal end. 



(5.) The nectaries are green. This character distinguishes the 

 species from N". erigeronensis. 



N. rudbeckiarum turns orange-ferruginous mounted in balsam ; 

 darker than N. agrimoniella. 



Nedarophoru heleniella, sp. n. 



Hab. — Beulah, N. M., July 26, on flower-heads oi Heleniiim hoopesii, 

 Gray. Not numerous. 



Wi?iged $ . — Apple green, smaller and deeper coloured than N. 

 rudbeckiarum ; length of body about 2 mm., wings about 3^. Eyes 

 black ; nectaries only slightly dusky ; femora greenish, only moderately 

 suffused with blackish apically ; antennae black, except short basal joints 

 and extreme base of third joint ; third joint with nine large and four 

 small sensoria, the last one 45 /x from base of joint. Measurements in 

 ju, : Nectaries 710; cauda about 300, tapering from base to apex, in the 

 manner of N. agrimo?iiella ; beak about 600; anterior femur 920; 

 antennal joints, (3.) 770, (4.) 660; (5.) 530, (6a.) 140, (6b.) 1140. 

 iMarginal cell with substigmatal portion 320, poststigmatal 500. 



The apterous form (immature) has the cauda short and broad, broad- 

 pyramidal in outline seen from above. The immature form is slightly 

 pruinose, and has a darker green dorsal band. 



Ailed to N. geranii, but distinct. 



Nedarophora Martini, sp. n. 



Hab. — Beulah, N. M., 1902, on many plants. Named after my son 

 Martin, who used to help me collect insects at Beulah. The form on 

 Heleniuni may be taken as the type. Similar to N. sonclii (L ), of which 

 N. ambrosice (Thos.) is the American representative, if not a synonym, 

 but differs especially in the young, which are pruinose and do not share 

 the piliferous tubercles. It is also allied to N. sonchella, Monell, but the 

 fourth antennal joint is not tubercular, and to N. calendulce, Monell, but 

 that has the third joint very slightly tubercular. The two last-mentioned 

 are also not pruinose when young, so far as I can learn ; herein they will 

 agree with N. solidaginis, which is easily known from N. Martini by the 

 much redder, non-pruinose, young, as well as the shorter nectaries of the 

 winged female. 




ITU THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



I assume that the insects collected on different plants are the same 

 species, because I am unable to find any tangible characters to separate 

 them ; but I give my notes on each lot separately : 



(i.) On Rudbeckia hirta, Aug. 4. Winged form dark reddish to 

 practically black ; nectaries black, cauda pale yellowish ; femora with 

 apical half black, basal half pale ; stigma pale greenish. Apterous form 

 shiny, 3 mm. long, not counting cauda. 



Winged % . — Cauda ensiform, with large lateral bristles ; length 

 about 500 /x. Nectaries about looo /j. long, black. Eyes black. An- 

 tennal joints in /x, (3.) 1070, (4.) 980, (5.) 850, (6a.) 200, (6b.) 1300. 

 Stigma tapering, marginal cell with poststigmatal part considerably longer 

 than subsiigmatal. Antennje black, joint 3 with prominent sensoria (at 

 least 40) along its whole length except extreme ends. Joint 4 without 

 sensoria. The other lots enumerated below showed the same micro- 

 scopical characters except some little difference in size, and a smaller 

 number of sensoria on joint 3 in the material from Potentilla and 

 Frasera. 



(2.) On heads of Helenmm hoopesii, July 26. Young and apterous 

 adults. The young are reddish, with greenish legs, and have a decided 

 bluish pruinose bloom. They are not tuberculate. The apterous adults 

 are shiny dark wine-red, with the legs as in N. rudbeckue; i.e., basal 

 two-thirds of fermora pale ochreous, apical third, and tibte and tarsi, 

 black or blackish. Nectaries long, black, obviously longer than in 

 rudbeckice. The bluish bloom is conspicuous even in subadults. On 

 Aug. 3 the species was found in great abundance, winged specimens 

 being present. The green species {N. Jicleniella) was present in smaller 

 numbers ; it cannot be a colour-variety of A^ Martini, owing to the 

 great difference in the sensoria on the third antennal joint. Measure- 

 ments in //: — Apterous ^: nectaries 1330; antennal joints, (2.) 120, (3.) 

 iioo, (4.) 900, (5.) 735, (6a.) 150, (6b.) 1030. Winged ?: nectaries 820; 

 antennal joints, (3.) 930, (4.) 790, (5.) 710, (6a.) 180, (6b.) 1090. 



(3.) On F?-asera speciosa, Auctt., abundant. Winged 9 : dark 

 wine-red; stigma yellowish; legs black, basal 73 of femora and coxie, 

 pale greenish ; nectaries black, yellow at extreme base ; cauda reddish. 

 Immature forms pruinose. Measurements in /a — Winged ? : nectaries 

 1000; antennal joints, (i.) 160, (2.) 100, (3.) 960, (4.) 810, (5.) 720, 

 (6a.) 170, (6b.) 1000. 



(4.) On flower -heads of Zygadenus Nuttallii, Coult. Flora, 

 abundant July 31. \Vinged 9: Head and thorax reddish-brown, 

 abdomen darker; nectaries black, pale at extreme base ; femora very pale 

 greenish, black at apex : young pruinose. 



& 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 171 



(5.) On Eriogotium (a tall species with greenish-yellow flowers), 

 July 29, a few only. Winged $: Shining very dark plum colour; 

 abdomen same colour as head and thorax ; legs black, basal half or less 

 of femora, and coxfe, pale ochreous ; nectaries black ; cauda and stigma 

 ochreous yellow ; antennas black ; wings strongly iridescent. Young 

 pruinose, with olive-slate legs, antennae and nectaries. The nectaries are 

 obviously shorter than in the Potentilla form, and are held erect. 

 Apterous $: 2j/^ mm. long. Measurements in /x : nectaries 810; 

 antennal joints, (i.) 150, (2.) 100, (3.) 920, (4.) 770, (5.) 650, (6a.) 185, 

 (6b.) 680. 



(6.) On Ligiisticum (species with yellow flowers), July 29 ; not 

 many. Winged ? : Dark brown ; nectaries black ; legs black, basal half 

 of femora, coxae and basal half of tibise more or less, yellowish. Measure- 

 ments in \i: nectaries 840; antennal joints, (i.) prox. 150, (2.) 100, 

 (3.) 880, (4.) 730, (5.) 710, (6a.) 200, (6b.) 1220. The Ligtistiatm grew 

 mixed with the Potentilla next mentioned. 



(7.) On Potentilla (apparently P. pulcherrima), July 29, first found 

 by my wife ; very abundant. Dark reddish-gray, winged form with the 

 head and thorax more decidedly red, contrasting with the darker 

 abdomen. Half-grown more or less pruinose, with legs, antenna; and 

 nectaries dark olive. In the winged form these parts are black or 

 blackish, with the basal two-thirds of femora light yellowish. Stigma 

 light yellowish. Nectaries over twice length of cauda, which is pink. 

 Measurements of winged ? in /x : nectaries 990 ; antennal joints, (i.) prox. 

 150, (2.) 100, (3.) 9S0, (4.) 950. 



The specimens on the Potentilla have the nectaries a trifle shorter 

 than those on Frasera and Zygade?nis, but otherwise appear just the 

 same. Curiously, however, the Potentilla form when disturbed jerks to 

 and fro, but will not drop to the ground ; while those on Frasera and 

 Zygadenus do not jerk nearly so readily, neither do they fall. This 

 difference in the reaction of the creature to irritation was repeatedly 

 observed, and suggested that the species were different, but I am quite 

 unable to find satisfactory morphological characters to separate them. 

 Monell has remarked that N. sonchella always drops to the ground when 

 disturbed. 

 Nectarophora, spp. 



Other species of Nectarophora were taken at Beulah on Sophia 

 incisa, Geum, Gnaphalijun deairrens, Phacelia circinata, Erigeron and 

 Populus atigustifolia, but I did not secure the winged females and so 

 have deferred their description. 




172 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



SYNOPSIS OF NOMADIN.^. 



BY CHARLES ROBERTSON, CARLINVILLE, ILLINOIS. 



This paper is intended to give the results of the study of the local 

 species. 



Unless otherwise indicated, vein a = basal nervure ; vein Vj = trans- 

 verse medial nervure ; vein ;-w = first cubital nervure ; cell IIIi4.2 = margin- 

 al cell ; cell III5 = second cubital cell ; " joint " refers to antennae ; " seg- 

 ment " refers to abdomen. 



There has been enough confusion in this group to suit the most 

 stupid of lumpers. It takes a mystagogue to identify a species from a 

 description of its ornaments. Such descriptions are regular pitfalls — 

 regular synonym-traps. The description of N. bisignata, Say, can be 

 duplicated from five different local species. Mrs. Annie Trumbull Slos- 

 son sent me specimens of the immaculate form of Gnathias ovatus, which 

 had been identified for her as AF. incerta. The former has bidentate 

 mandibles and simple coxje, while the latter has simple mandibles and 

 spined coxae, and is the female of Centrias americanus. The synonymy 

 is given in Tr. Am. Ent. Soc, 22 : 125. Here the question arises as to 

 whether the N. americana, Kby.. is the same as N. incerta or the same as 

 this immaculate form of G. ovatus. The latter is rare, and has the 

 abdomen much paler than indicated in Kirby's description of the former. 

 Then, which one of these is the immaculate variety of Say's IV. bisignata? 

 Here, also, JV. incerta is by far the more probable determination. N. 

 simplex, with simple mandibles, was identified as N. bella. On compar- 

 ing the type, I found that N. bella had bidentate mandibles. 



N. affabilis, Cr., is composite. The N. Y. specimen, on which the 

 description was evidently based, is regarded as the type. The 111. speci- 

 men is the male of N. vincta. The ornaments of the two species are al- 

 most identical. 



N.rubicunda, Oliv., { = N. torrida, Sm.) belongs to Ce?itrias. 



N. bella and inaculata belong to Gnathias. I have examined the 

 types of the former twice, and of the latter once. They resemble G. 

 cuneatus, but are quite different from the local specimens. JV. viaculata 

 is much larger and more red. At present I would not unite. them. The 

 two local species are very common and very variable. In the table I have 

 indicated the colour forms at some length. They seem to show a strong 

 tendency to divide into several species, and there may be differences in 

 the hosts which they infest. I cannot separate the males in the same way. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 173 



In this paper Gnai/iias aoieatus and ovatus and Xaiithidmm den- 

 tarice are described as new, and the male of Centrias erigeronis is de- 

 scribed for the first time. 



After Cephen was characterized as given in the table, I suspected that 

 it might be the same as Microiwmada, Ckll., but I could not identify that 

 genus without getting specimens of the type, N. modesta, for examination. 

 IV. modesta has the cell III5 strongly narrowed above, cell III1+2 less ob- 

 tuse, and the vein a ends a little before or is interstitial with Vg. The 

 front cox£e have a tubercle above the spine. The other structural charac- 

 ters are quite similar, and show that the two genera are closely related, 

 but the venation is so different that I have decided to let Cephefi stand. 

 N. /ervida, Sm., also belongs to Cepheti. 



Herninoitiada, Ckll., like Microiiomada, Ann. Mag., N. H., VII., 

 10 : 42-4, 1902, I would raise to generic rank. Of 37 specimens in my 

 collection, 9 have three submarginal cells in one or both wings. 



Vein ;v«, usually wanting in HoJiinomada, I have also found want- 

 ing in N. Cressonii (i) and Sayi (i). Vein III5 I have found wanting in 

 Gnathias ciuieatus (i), Centrias Americantis (i), rubicundus (i), Nomada 

 parva (i). 



I have to thank the authorities of the American Entomological So- 

 ciety for the privilege of examining co-types of N. affabilis and bella and 

 specimens of N. modesta. Mr. Viereck noted several points in which the 

 N. Y. specimen of N. affabilis differed from the co-type sent me for ex- 

 amination. 



In his early descriptions Mr. Cresson mentions the structure of seg- 

 ment 7 of the males, and in his later ones notes the form of the joints 

 of antennae. 



Females. 



Mandibles bidentate; joint 3 shorter than 4 ; vein a before Vg ; head 

 and thorax red ; sutures, depressed and concealed portions 

 black Gfiathias. 



Mandibles simple i . 



1. Front coxse simple; rarely (N. denticiilata) with short, indistinct 



spines 3. 



Front coxae with long pubescent spines ; abdomen distinctly punc- 

 tured 2. 



2. Joint 3 longer than 4; vein a beyond, or interstitial with, Vg ; cell 



Illg subquadrate, III1+2 obtuse j joint i of labial palpi twice as long 




174 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



as 2-4, 2 flat, as long as 3 + 4, which are simple and directed ob- 

 liquely outward Cepheu. 



Joint 3 shorter than 4; vein a a little before V2 ; cell III5 more nar- 

 rowed above ; HIj^ , acute ; labial palpi ordinary ; abdominal 

 fasciie, when present, continuous on segments 4-5, interrupted, re- 

 duced or wanting on 1-3 Centrias. 



3. Joint 3 distinctly shorter than 4 5. 



Joint 3 longer than 4, rarely a little shorter ' 4. 



4. Head and thorax without yellow ornaments, red; sutures, depressed 



and concealed portions black ; vein a interstitial with Vg ; apex of 

 hind tibijB with black curved bristles; joints 3-4 subequal; abdomen 

 red, a whitish spot on each side of segments 2-3, two subdiscal, 

 usually cuneate, spots on 4, and a transverse spot on 5 ; these 



marks sometimes wanting on 4, rarely on 2 and 5 P/ior. 



Head and thorax with yellow ornaments, usually black. .Holojiomada. 



5. Head and thorax without yellow ornaments ; vein a before 



Vj Noviada. 



Head and thorax with yellow ornaments 6. 



6. Vein rm usually (75%) wanting in one or both wings ; largely red ; 



segments 2-5 with yellow fascite, sometimes interrupted 



on 2 Heininomada. 



Vein rm present; mesonotum with four yellow lines; segments 1-6 

 with yellow bands Xanthidium. 



Males. 

 Mandibles bidentate Gnathias. 



Mandibles simple 1. 



1. Front coxae simple, rarely {JV. denticulata) with short, indistinct 



spines 3. 



Front coxae with pubescent spines; abdomen distinctly punctured. .2. 



2. Scape ordinary ; joint 3 longer than 4; vein a beyond, or interstitial 



with, V2 ; cell \\\^ subquadrate, HIn 2 obtuse ; segment 



7 bifid Cephen. 



Scape robust ; joint 4 = 5-1-6, 5 with a spine beneath ; flagellum usual- 

 ly yellow beneath, middle joints short, submoniliform, the last pro- 

 duced to a point Centrias. 



3. Segment 7 notched ; joint 3 shorter than 4 5. 



Segment 7 entire 4. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 175 



4. Joint 3 shorter than 4 ; vein a interstitial witli V,, ; abdomen red, with 



whitish ornaments Pluu-. 



Joint 3 longer than 4 ; abdomen black, with yellow 



ornaments Holonomada. 



5. Vein rm usually wanting ; segments 1-6 with yellow bands, that on i 



usually red Hcininomada. 



Vein rm rarely wanting 6. 



6. Segments 1-6 with entire and continuous bands, sometimes narrowly 



interrupted on i ; vein a before Vg Xanthidiuvi. 



Segments 1-6 without entire and continuous bands, usually with some 

 lateral spots ; when continuous, the bands have separated spots on 

 extreme sides of 5 Nomada. 



Gnathias, gn. nov. (Type Nomada be/la, Cresson). 



Females. . 



Pygidium ovate, rather closely punctured and pubescent ; lower an- 

 terior orbits yellowish ; mesonotum commonly trilineate ; rather yel- 

 lowish red, the spots small and hardly contrasting with the ground 



colour ovatus, sp. nov. 



70 specimens fall into the following forms, according to their colour 

 patterns. The ornament on the side of segment 4 is counted as one 

 spot. It consists of an elongated spot, or its representatives: (i) 

 when the spot is broken in two, or (2) when the lateral portion dis- 

 appears, leaving a subdiscal, more or less cuneate spot. 

 A spot on each side of segments 2-4 and a bar on 5 (10) . . . .plenus. 



A spot on each side of segments 2-5 (15) odomaculattis. 



A spot on each side of segments 2-4 (r), or of 2, 3 and 



5 (2) sexmaculatus. 



A spot on each side of segments 2-3 (15), or of 2 and 



5(3) quadrwiaculatus. 



A spot on each side of segment 2 (22) binotatus. 



Abdomen without spots (2) tmicolor. 



Pygidium triangular, sparsely puncttired and pubescent ; lower anterior 

 orbits not yellowish ; mesonotum one-lined ; rather dark red ; spots 



distinct, large on segment 2 cuneaius, sp. nov. 



28 specimens show the following forms, the ornaments of segment 2 

 as in the preceding : 



A spot on each side of segments 1-5 (i) decemnotatns. 



A spot on each side of segments 2-5 (15) octonotatus. 




176 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



A spot on each side of segments 2, 3 and 5 (i) sexnotatus. 



A spot on each side of segments 2-3 (11) quadrisignattis. 



Males. 



Intermediate joints of antennae not longer than wide ; tegulse, knees 

 and apex of tibise usually yellow; scutel black or marked with yellow, 

 sometimes red ; abdomen varying from 6-banded to 4-spotted . <7z/«/?/.y. 



Intermediate joints longer than wide ; tegulae and legs red ; scutel 

 usually red; abdomen varying from 6-banded to 'i-?,\>Q)\.\.td,.ciineatus. 



Cephen, gn. nov. (Type JVanada Texana, Cresson). 



Female. 

 Black ; labrum, joints 1-3 and legs red ; lemon-yellow ornaments as 

 follows : Base of mandibles, sides of face, line behind summit of 

 eye, collar, tubercles, subarcuate mark on pleura, two spots on scutel, 

 postscutel, spots on middle and hind coxae and on apex of hind tibiae, 

 narrow fasciae on segments 1-5 above and arcuate marks on sides of 



3-4 beneath Texanus. 



Male. 

 Like the female ; face, clypeus, spot above, and labrum 



lemon-yellow Texamis. 



Centrias, gn. nov. (Type Nomada erigero7iis, Rob.). 



Females. 



Insect red ; sutures, depressed and concealead portions 



more or less black , Americanus. 



Insect black ; mandibles, face, joints 1-3, tubercles, tegulse, line above, 

 patches on pleura, scutel, legs, and sometimes venter, red ; malar 

 space, collar, axillre, postscutel and abdominal fasciae, yellow ; the 

 latter interrupted on 1-3, continuous and paler on 4-5 ; abdomen 

 coarsely punctured, margins of segments reflexed, beneath the punc- 

 tures are coarse, strong and dense erigero7iis. 



Males. 



Hind femur arcuate ; antenna with a pale annulus ; abdomen red at 

 base, black beyond, yellow fascire interrupted on segments 1-2, con- 

 tinuous on 3-6 ; 7 strongly notched ■.Americanus. 



Hind femur simple ; antenna without a pale annulus ; abdomen black, 

 yellow fascite interrupted on segment i, continuous on 2-6, 7 slightly 

 notched ; other ornaments like the female, but the mandibles, face, 

 scape in front, flagellum at base beneath, tubercles, tegulse, spot on 




H 



THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 177 



pleura, coxse and trochanters, more or less, and apices of femora and 

 tibise, yellow erigeronis. 



Holonomadd, gn. nov (Type Nomada siiperba, Cresson). 



Females. 



Metathorax entirely black 2. 



Metathorax with two yellow patches ; abdomen with five yellow 

 fasciae i . 



1. Mesonotum coarsely punctured, pubescent ; vein a before Vg; flagellum 



dark above affabilis. 



Mesonotum finely punctured, nearly bare ; vein a about interstiual 

 with V2 ; flagellum with a dark annulus vincta. 



2. Segments 1-5 with continuous yellow fasciaj \ vein a usually before 



Vj ; metathorax with dentiform lateral angles ; scutel acutely 



bilobed superba. 



Segment i black, or with ferruginous stain, 2-3 with interrupted, 4-5 

 with continuous bands ; vein a not before Vg ; scutel hardly bilobed; 

 joint 3 sometimes a little shorter than 4 ; small placida. 



Males. 



Metathorax and posterior orbits black, or nearly so 2. 



Metathorax with two yellow spots ; posterior orbits largely yellow. i. 



1. Scape obovate ; vein a usually interstitial with V., ; flagellum darker i:i 



the middle ; scutel subbilobed vincta. 



Scape ordinary ; vein a usually before V^ ; flagellum darker above ; 

 scutel bilobed affabilis. 



2. Segments 1-6 with continuous yellow bands ; vein a usually before 



V2 ; large species superba. 



Segments 5-6 with continuous, 2-4 with interrupted, yellow bands, i 

 entirely black ; vein a usually interstitial with Vj ; small 



species placida. 



Phor., gn. nov. (Type Nomada Integra, Rob.) integer. 



Heminomada, Ckll. (Type Nomada obliterata, CxQ^son) .obliterata. 



Xanthidium, gn. nov. (Type Nomada hiteola, Oliv.). 



Females. 

 Metathorax with subquadrate marks encroaching upon 



enclosure luteolum. 



Metathorax with subtriangular marks not encroaching upon 



enclosure luteoloidts. 




178 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



Males. 

 Flagellum denticulate beneath ; orbits yellow, except at summit 



behind luteoloides. 



Flagellum ordinary ; orbits yellow below i. 



1. Band on segment i interrupted ; flagellum submoniliform, fulvous 



beneath dentarice, sp. nov. 



Band on segment i continuous ; flagellum unusually dark^ piceous be- 

 neatli, the joints unusually cylindrical luteohan. 



Nomada Scop. 

 Females. 

 Head and thorax black, with ferruginous ornaments ; abdomen black, 

 with yellow ornaments ; interrupted line on segment i, lateral marks 



on 2-3, continuous fasci;\i on 4-5 vidua. 



Head and thorax red, sutures, depressed and concealed portions 

 black I . 



1. Scutel quite low, convex, hardly bilobed ; joint 4 shorter than 12; 



black colour of head and thorax rather preponderating over the red ; 

 a yellow spot on each side of segments 2-3, two spots on each side 



of 4, a band or two spots on 5 simplex. 



Scutel crested, bilobed 2. 



2. Joint 4 shorter than 12 5. 



Joint 4 as long as 12 3. 



3. Front coxce with short spines ; pygidium subacute ; yellow fascia on 



segment 5 opaque, finely rugose, rather sparsely, feebly punctured : 



scutel strongly crested denticuhita. 



Front coxae without spines ; pygidium broadly subtruncate 4. 



4. A spot on each side of segments 2-3, two subdiscal cuneate spots on 



4 ; band on 5 shining, coarsely punctured ; larger Cressonii. 



A spot on each side of segments z-^ ; smaller Sayi. 



5. A spot on each side of segments 2-3, and usually a band or two spots 



'^^ 5 ; pygidium broadly rounded, closely pubescent . . Illinoiensis. 

 A spot on each side of segments 2-5 ; the smallest species . . . parva. 



Males. 



Abdomen mainly reddish ; vein a before Vg 3 



Abdomen mainly black i. 



I. Segments 2-3 with a spot on each side, i usually with an interrupted 

 band, 4 with a band or two spots on each side, 5 with a discal band 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 179 



and a spot on each side, 6 like 5, or the lateral spots wanting, 7 



with apex slightly notched vicina. 



Segments 1-6 with bands continuous, or nearly so, usually a separated 

 spot on each side of 5 2. 



2. Joints 7-10 wider than long; segment 7 strongly notched; pleura, 



scutel and legs marked with yellow ; vein a beyond V^ salicis. 



Joints 7-10 longer than wide ; segment 7 slighly notched ; pleura and 

 scutel black ; legs less yellow ; vein a before Vg simplex. 



3. Flagellum distinctly denticulate beneath ; front coxse with short spines ; 



a spot on each side of segment 2, sometimes one on i, usually con- 

 tinuous bands on 3-6 denticulata. 



Flagellum and front coxre ordinary 4. 



4. Joint 4 shorter than 13 6. 



Joint 4 as long as 13 5. 



5. Thorax largely red ; larger Cressonii. 



Thorax almost entirely black ; smaller Sayi. 



6. Apical half of abdomen reddish ; middle joints of flagellum longer than 



wide Iliinoiefisis. 



Apical half of abdomen blackish ; middle joints of flagellum hardly 

 longer than wide parva. 



THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF PEDILOPHORUS. 



BY H. F. WICKHAM, IOWA CITY, IOWA. 



The Byrrhidte of this continent have received a comparatively small 

 share of attention at the hands of systematists for many years, so that it is 

 not at all surprising to find novelties among recently-collected material. 

 Two new forms of the genus Pedilophorus have recently been detected 

 among the accumulations in my cabinet, i^oth of them from the west ; no 

 doubt still others remain to reward explorers of the mountain ranges and 

 of the northern districts. The European fauna contains ten species, while 

 but four were previously known from North America. For the sake of 

 better understanding of the new forms, I have constructed the following 

 table, by means of which our native species may be identified : 

 A. Elytral punctuation disposed in broad vittie, alternating with nearly 



smooth stripes. .34 inch Lecontei, n. sp. 



AA. Elytral punctuation not disposed in vittae. 



b. Tarsi simple. A green-bronzed species, clothed with coarse 

 whitish hairs. . 1 7 inch ceneoluSy Lee. 




180 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



bb. Tarsi with third joint lobed beneath. 



c. Bright green or bronzed species, pubescence fine, 

 recumbent, without intermixed bristles. 



d. Acuminate behind, the elytra narrowing from 

 in front of the middle. 



.16 inch acnminafus, Mann. 



dd. Form oblong, elytra parallel, or nearly so, to a 

 point about one-third from tip. 



.18 inch oblongus, Lee. 



cc. Blackish species, metallic tinge lacking or inconspicuous. 



e. Pubescence extremely fine, whitish and ochreous, 



intermixed with conspicuous black bristle-like 



hairs. .17 inch subcanus, Lee. 



ee. Pubescence whitish or yellowish, not intermixed 



with bristle-like hairs. .16 mch.hespenis, n. sp. 



In a cabinet arrangement it might be better to place oblongus 



between acumi?iatus and ceneolus, and to make suhcaiius follow Hesperus 



rather than precede it. This is the sequence I have adopted in the notes 



below. 



P. Lecontei, n. sp. — Oblong-ovate, very convex, bronzed, shining, 

 with extremely fine, sparse, recumbent pubescence. Head with fine, 

 well-separated punctures, front convex. Antennae gradually clavate, 

 passing the base of the thorax, blackish, the intermediate portion reddish; 

 first joint large, second subglobose, third nearly twice as long as the 

 second, but much more slender, fourth to tenth becoming broader, but 

 subequal in length, eleventh oval, pointed. Thorax broadest at base, 

 strongly narrowed anteriorly, sides scarcely arcuate, a rather deep 

 submarginal lateral impression, which curves inward at the hind angles ; 

 posterior angles large, acute, but with somewhat irregular outline, basal 

 marginal line distinct, fine, a small fovea in front of the scutellum ; disk 

 finely, regularly punctured, the punctures separated by a space about 

 equal to their own diameters. Elytra continuing the outline of the thorax, 

 becoming slightly broader to a point about one-third from apex, thence 

 rapidly narrowing, tips separately rounded ; an oblique impression near 

 the apex, which renders the declivity more gibbous ; surface deeply, 

 regularly and rather closely punctured in longitudinal bands, which leave 

 the sutural region and four vittse on each elytron nearly smooth. Beneath 

 rather coarsely and deeply-punctured abdominal segments becoming 

 gradually smoother in sequence. Legs closely punctured, all the femora 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 181 



grooved ; tibire finely spinulose exlernally ; the anterior pair somewhat 

 enlarged towards apex, the middle and hind ones of approximately 

 uniform width in distal two-thirds. Third tarsal joint with a long lobe. 

 Length, 8.5 mm. 



This species is much larger than any of the other described North 

 American forms, and looks very much like an AmpJiicyrta. The peculiar 

 punctuation of the elytra gives a vittate effect, recalling Cytihts, but there is 

 no alternation of elevation. Only the front tibise are distinctly grooved for 

 the reception of the tarsi. The antennal club is so gradually formed that 

 it is difficult to say where it begins ; the third and fourth joints are of 

 nearly the same width, while in the fifth the enlargement has became 

 apparent. 



Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, two specimens, taken by myself in June, under 

 logs. A third specimen from Vernon, B. C, collected by Mr. Venables 

 and communicated by Dr. Fletcher, is slightly smaller, more brilliant, and 

 a trifle more coarsely punctured, the marginal line of the prothorax is less 

 marked, and the head has a frontal transverse row of three fovec^, of 

 which the middle one is larger and deeper. These fovese are non-essential, 

 however, since one of my specimens has the median one distinct, the 

 other showing also traces of the lateral fovese. 



F. cBtieolus, Leconte, New Species of North American Coleoptera, 

 Sm. Misc. Coll., No. 167, 1866, p. 74. Originally described from a 

 specimen in the Ulke Collection, captured in Nebraska. I have a 

 number of examples of a Pedilophorus from Kalispell, Montana, which 

 may belong here, though I am not quite satisfied with the determination. 

 Mr. Fall expresses himself as being in doubt as to their exact status, and 

 neither he nor myself have seen the type, which is now presumably in the 

 Carnegie Museum at Pittsburg. 



P. oblongus, Leconte, Report upon Insects collected on the Survey, 

 Pacific R.R. Expl. and Surv., 47th and 49th parallels, p. 39 of separate. 

 P. acuminatusX, Leconte, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phil., Vol. VII., p. 115. 

 Oregon, Leconte. I have specimens from Seattle, Washington, collected 

 by S. Bethel. 



P. aciimmatus, Mannerheim i^Morychus aamiifiatus), Bull. Soc. Imp. 

 Nat., Moscow, 1852, p. 341. The type specimens were collected under 

 stones, among moss, at Sitka, Alaska, by Frankenhasuser and Pipingskoeld. 

 Dr. Fletcher records it as being taken at Massett, Queen Charlotte Islands, 

 under moss during the winter, by Rev. J. H. Keen. I took a single 




182 THE CANA.UIA.N ENTOMOLOGIST. 



individual at Hunter's Bay. Alaska, from a cut place on the trunk of a 

 conifer. Two specimens in my cabinet, collected by Rev. Geo. W. 

 Taylor, at Nanaimo, Vancouver Island, are a little more deeply punctured. 



P. hesperus, n. sp. — Oblong, blackish, feebly shining, a faint aeneous 

 tinge, pubescence pale, recumbent, moderately coarse. Head deeply and 

 densely, rather coarsely, punctured, front with a distinct median fovea, 

 around which the punctures are less crowded. Antennae gradually 

 clavate, about reaching the base of the thorax, piceous-red, club blackish; 

 first joint large and heavy, second subglobose, not quite as thick as the 

 first, third more slender than the second but nearly as long, fourth and 

 fifth subequai, a trifle shorter than the third, sixth broader, seventh to 

 tenth wide, subequai in length, eleventh nearly twice as long as the tenth, 

 oval, pointed. Thorax distinctly, finely and rather closely punctured, 

 narrowed anteriorly, the sides not arcuate but slightly sinuate, lateral 

 margin sharp, front and hind angles acute. Scutelluin covered with pale 

 yellowish pubescence. Elytra continuing the outline of the thorax, finely, 

 distinctly and fairly closely punctured and indistinctly sulcate, sides 

 subparallel, tips conjointly rounded. Beneath rufo-piceous, thickly clothed 

 with pale pubescence, which almost conceals the sculpture, especially on 

 the abdomen. Legs piceous, femora paler, all grooved for the reception 

 of the tibijB. Tibiae spinulose externally, front and middle pairs with 

 exterior margin arcuate, hind pair simply broader towards tip. Third 

 tarsal joint lobed beneath. Length, 4 mm. 



Leadville, Colorado, July, taken by myself under stones on a hillside. 

 The front tibiae alone are grooved for the reception of the tarsi. The 

 antennae are much stouter in comparison than those of F. Lecontei. In 

 general appearance this insect approaches P. subcatms, but is at once 

 distinguished by the lack of bristly hairs among the pubescence. From 

 acuminatus it may readily be separated by colour and outline ; oblongus 

 differs in the bright green colour, strongly shining surface and lack of 

 elytral sulcations, while ceneolus should at once be separable by the simple 



tarsi. 



P. subcain/s, Leconte, Coleoptera of Michigan, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc, 

 XVII., 1878, p. 609. Described from Escanaba, Lake Superior. I have 

 it from Bayfield, Wisconsin, on the southern shore of the same lake, and 

 from Leadville, Colorado. 



Mailed fune 4th, 1903. 




CiiKuIiaif Jntumuloifibt. 



Vol. XXXV. LONDON, JULY, 1903. No. 



A COLEOPTEROUS CONUNDRUM. 



BY ANNIE TRUMBULL SLOSSON. 



A year ago. May 1902, I had a peculiar entomological experience. 

 I had returned from Florida to my home in New York about the middle 

 of April, had spent two or three weeks arranging and classifying ray 

 captures of the winter, sending off duplicates and doubtful species to 

 specialists, and preparing my collection for the summer months of my 

 absence. A full fortnight must pass before I should leave town for my 

 New Hampshire summer home, and I already pined for a little collecting. 

 Suddenly I recalled the existence of some old boxes of insects which had 

 been crowded out of my regular collection-room some years before. They 

 were in a closet opening from a hall on the second floor. This closet had 

 been built especially for the preservation of woollen clothing and its 

 protection from ravages of the devouring moth, its walls, shelves and 

 drawers being made of red cedar. But after a period of many years — 

 nearly forty, I think — the wood has lost its protective odour, and the place 

 is often visited by insect pests. It, however, still bears the name of the 

 " cedar-closet," and here had been stored for several years the overflow 

 from ray collection. In a leisure hour, one chilly May day, feeling a 

 touch of the entomologist's iitful fever, I said to a friend, in a sportive 

 mood, " I am going to try the cedar-closet, who knows what discoveries 

 I niay make in those old boxes of bugs ?" As unconscious of the great 

 discovery awaiting me there as was probably Isaac Newton before that 

 attractedly gravitating apple fell to the ground, I started on my quest. 

 The first box I opened contained lepidojjtera from Franconia, chiefly 

 moths, taken several years before, and of little value or rarity. It was a 

 wreck, clouds of dust rose from it as I lifted the cover, and broken bits of 

 wings and bodies rolled about as I moved the box. Disagreeable, stealthy 

 Anthrenus larvae, of all sizes, glided about among the ruins. Of course 

 this must be attended to, and the infested specimens thrown away ; so I 

 carried the box with its contents to ray room for further examination, 




184 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



Tliere was a little fire burning in a low grate, and into this I began 

 throwing the insect debris. As I tried to pick up some of the slippery 

 Anthrenus larvae I noticed among them what seemed to be tiny brown 

 ants. I had never seen any ants in the cedar-closet, so wetting my finger 

 I lifted one of the little creatures and dropped it into a poison bottle. 

 When it was quiet I took it out and examined it with my magnifying 

 glass. It was no ant, but — what was it? I had never seen anything 

 resembling it. Indeed, for a time I was not sure even to what order it 

 belonged. Was it hemipterous, hymenopterous, coleopterous, or what? 

 I put a half dozen specimens into the bottle, and a little later mounted 

 two of them on a card triangle and sent them to Mr. Liebeck, in 

 Philadelphia, for identification. At this juncture I felt no excitement, 

 not much curiosity. Though quite unfamiliar to me, the species was 

 probably well known to experienced entomologists as a museum pest ; 

 thus I thought to myself. But next day came a postal from Mr, Liebeck. 

 He did not recognize my capture ; had seen nothing like it ; had it not 

 been introduced with some of my specimens from South Florida ? he 

 asked. '• It is a very curious insect, apterous, you see. Though provided 

 with jaws and elytra, the usual characteristics of coleoptera, its antennse 

 seem very peculiar ones for a beetle. But I will examine it further 

 and report." Thus he wrote, and I began to feel the first thrill of interest. 

 This certainly could not be a familiar museum pest if such an experienced 

 entomologist as Mr. Liebeck failed to recognize it. I went back to my 

 box of infested moths and sought more specimens of the cunning little 

 pest, securing about twenty specimens. These I carried with me to the 

 mountains when I went there the latter part of May. Soon after my 

 arrival in Franconia I sent specimens to Mr. Frederick Blanchard, and he 

 wrote concerning them : " These beetles are very queer indeed ; I 

 haven't at present the slightest idea what tliey are related to. They 

 reminded me at first sight of certain small Hemiptera. I hope to send 

 you something further about them before very long." 



A fortnight later Mr. Blanchard wrote again : " The very remarkable 

 little beetle which you found devouring your specimens with Anthrenus is 

 still an interrogation. I can, so far, find nothing at all like it in any of my 

 boxes. A week ago I sent sketches with details, asking Henshaw's aid, 

 but I haven't a word from him yet. The beetle is so very peculiar it 

 should be easily identified if well known. The antennae appear to be 

 entire and alike in both specimens, but with only nine joints, 3-5 being 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 185 



rather difticult to count, they are so small. One of the long joints is 

 shorter than the others, but I don't recall whether it is the 7th or 8th. 

 This is a very peculiar form of antenna, and would still be so if there were 

 the normal number of eleven joints. Your insect is furnished with a single 

 ocellus between the eyes, which is a very rare character in beetles. Some 

 Dermestid?e have one ocellus, and in the Horaalini of the Staphylinidse 

 there are two somewhat distant ones. The only other instance I have been 

 able to find is in the case of Hylotonms biicephalus, from Sierra Leone, 

 belonging to the family Paussid?e, which is not represented in this 

 country. Here there are again two ocelli. I shall probably hear from 

 Cambridge in a day or two, and will write you again." A few days later 

 he wrote : "I heard from Henshaw yesterday. Like myself, he is unable 

 to furnish any clue at all to the beetle's relations. T think that all that can 

 be said of it is that it is a member of the great Serricorn series, which 

 includes such a variety of types. \n the Leconte and Horn Classification 

 this embraces families XXXIX.— LL, but Casey (Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc, 

 Vol. VL, p. 76) is inclined to go further and add several other groups, 

 hitherto considered Clavicorn. Just wliere your beetle comes in I can't 

 say. The whole arrangement of the Serricornia would have to be care- 

 fully studied first, as it does not appear that your anomaly belongs to any 

 recognized family." I had, in one of my letters to Mr. Blanchard, spoken 

 of the varied contents of the cedar-closet in which the puzzling pest was 

 found, and hinted jocosely tliat the presence of some ancient Egyptian 

 relics, mummy wrappings, beads and images of Osiris, might possibly 

 account for this strange visitant. He writes : " I note your playful 

 remarks about a possible relation to ancient Egyptian dynasties, disclosed 

 from the tombs of the Pharaohs and starting upon a new career of useless- 

 ness, and am rem.inded of the stories of still fertile seed? of grain reported 

 to have been taken from tombs in the land of the Nile." 



In the meantime I had sent specimens to Messrs. Schwarz and Fall. 

 The former was too busy just them to reply, but I heard through others 

 that he was unable to throw any light on the matter. Mr. Fall wrote : 

 " I have just received your letter and the box containing specimens of that 

 most astonishing little creature found eating your specimens in New York. 

 I would like much to know the circumstances a little more exactly. 

 Were the specimens attacked native or exotic? If native, were they from 

 Florida? And how long had they been in the box? Could they have 

 found access from any other source in the closet itself? I feel sure that 




186 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



the beetle is not a member of our fauna. 1 saw Air. Scliwarz in Wash- 

 ington, and asked him if he had located your find. He said he could 

 make nothing of it. I shall at once send one, at least, of the specimens 

 to Dr. Sharp, and will promptly report to you what he says. An attempt 

 to place it with our classification gives only negative results, but it certainly 

 possesses as many points in common with the Lymexylidie as with any 

 family which we have. But that frontal ocellus ! ! And those antenna; ! ! I 

 I hope to study it further soon." A few weeks later Mr. Fall wrote again, 

 and, referring to what he calls ''your conundrum which none of us can 

 guess," he said : " I sent a specimen to Dr. Sharp, of Cambridge, 

 England, and have to-day received a letter from him, in which he admits 

 never having seen anything like it. There is nothing at all resembling it 

 in the Palearctic fauna, he says. He doesn't know what family to assign 

 it to, but suggests that it may belong to the Dermestidre, on the strength 

 of the frontal ocellus. The mystery deepens. Tlie creature is such a 

 ghostly, unsubstantial thing for a beetle — a regular coleopterous ghoul — 

 that I almost find myself wondering if, when I look in the box again, I 

 won't find it vanished into thin air. Did you find it actually feeding on 

 the specimens ? Was there sign of larvre ? Pardon my numerous ques- 

 tions, but the case is so remarkable that I would get all possible informa- 

 tion. We must, perhaps, put some coleopterous Sherlock Holmes on the 

 trail to run this fellow down." After another letter from me he writes : 

 "The fact that you found numerous larvse of Anthrenus in your box of 

 moths would certainly account for the damage done, but the further fact 

 of shaking these little creatures from the bodies of the moths would 

 indicate that they themselves were not entirely guiltless. I suppose the 

 age and character of the box is such that the beetles could not possibly 

 have come from its wood or lining? Well, I give it up." And there my 

 story practically ends. 



Before I left New York in May I had bottled all the specimens I could 

 find in the infested box and returned it, with its debris of half-devoured 

 insects, to the cedar-closet. There also were at least a half dozen similar 

 boxes containing insects, all infested by Anthrenus, and possibly other 

 pests, but not one of the little anomalous creatures could be found among 

 these. On my return in October 1 at once opened the closet and 

 examined my " traps " with their tempting bait. Not a sign of the curious 

 beetle was thcie. Nor has it ever reappeared. My little stock obtained 

 a year ago is much diminished, 1 having sent specimen." to various corre- 

 spondents. Shall I ever find more specimens of what I have sometimes, 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 187 



in chat over my discover}', styled Igiiotus cvnigmaticns ? I trow not. 

 Yox me — a woman, and tlierefore, of course, full of vain imaginings — 

 those creatures had no beginning ; no egg, grub or pupa preceded them ; 

 no weary, slow-paced evolutionary process developed the strange little 

 beings. They sprang into full, perfect imago life in those May days, 

 having no family, no relations, belonging to no class, their secret to be 

 unlocked by no key, artificial or natural ; unfathomable mysteries, unsolv- 

 able problems, unguessable conundrums. Was it to confound the wise 

 they came ? to fulfil a prophecy I find in a certain old book, " Then 

 shall the seers be ashamed, and the diviners confounded "? 



BUTTERFLY NOTES FROM TORONTO FOR 1902. 



BY J. B. WILLIAMS, F. Z. S. 



On the 24th of May I went collecting, wiih a friend, in High Park. 

 We each took a specimen of the Tailed-Blue ( L. cotnyntas), but found, 

 as we had expected, that it was too early for Scudder's Blue. On turning 

 over an old boot that was lying on the grass, I saw a chrysalis of Z. 

 Scudderii attached to the under side ; an ant was also on the sole of the 

 boot, and ran round and round and over the chrysalis several times 

 before going away; being, apparently, quite agitated by the disturbance. 

 Is it possible that this ant was keeping some sort of guard over the 

 chrysalis, as ants are supposed to do over the larvse of Z. Scudderii? Its 

 presence on the boot may have been merely accidental, but still, its 

 movements gave one the impression that it was loth to leave the chrysalis, 

 and would have liked to carry it away, if that had been possible. 



A slight touch removed the pupa from the boot, and I kept it until 

 the 30th of May, when the butterfly emerged, and proved to be a female. 



On September 20 and 27 I collected in two places where large 

 numbers of the Clouded Sulphur ( Colias philodice) were flying about, 

 and noticed a good many of the white female form. I took five of them, 

 altogether, and saw several more that I did not capture. 



In 1 90 1, I do not remember seeing a single white specimen. Is it 

 right to speak of these females as albinos , at any rate, in the ordinary 

 sense in which that word is used? Mr. Grote suggested, in the Canadian 

 Entomologist for April, 1902, the probability of the dark female form 

 "glaucus"' of Papilio tiirnus, being a recurrence of the colour of an 

 earlier species from which it had been derived ; as female butterflies 

 generally represent the conservative element, and males tiie liberal or 

 progressive side, of insect life. 




188 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



The white female of Philodice may, therefore, be a colour survival of 

 some whitish butterfly from which all the species of Colias were originally 

 derived. Some of them have still altogether white females ; while others, 

 like our Philodice, have the two forms — the older type being the scarcer 

 of the two. Northern Asia seems to be the special liome of the genus, so 

 that the original Philodice may have come to us from north-east Siberia, 

 via Alaska ; and perhaps somewhat resembled the existing Arctic Sulphur 

 (C. nastes). 



There is a small opening in the woods at Fligh Park, where Leonard's 

 Skipper is usually abundant, during the brief period of its existence as a 

 butterfly. A stream runs along one side, and grass and flowers and bits 

 of marshv g-round make it an ideal home for several members of the 

 Skipper family. 



On the 30th of August I found plenty of males there that had 

 recently emerged, but none of the other sex. By the middle of September 

 females were plentiful, but males hard to find. One wet and cloudy 

 afternoon, when all other butterflies had disappeared, two specimens of 

 Leonardus were seen resting on the flowering plants in this opening. I 

 went there on September the 27th, hoping to bring home some live 

 females and secure some eggs, but all had disappeared. So that in this 

 locality, apparently, their butterfly existence lasts for barely one month 

 out of the twelve. Many common butterflies were scarce last summer, 

 owing, I suppose, to the comparatively cold and wet season ; but the 

 Skippers did not seem to be much affected thereby, and were plentiful all 

 through the summer. 



TWELVE-SPOTTED ASPAR.-VGUS BEETLE IN CONNECTICUT. 



Crioceris 12-punctata, Linn., is an introduced species, and has been 

 working northward from Maryland, according to Professor J. B. Smith, 

 who some time ago informed me that it was present in New Jersey, and 

 would in time reach Connecticut. The first specimen recorded from the 

 State was taken by a student assistant June, 16th, 1902, who collected a 

 single specimen on asparagus upon the Station grounds in New Haven. 

 On May 23rd, 1903, I took male and female specimens from the same 

 locality. We may now expect this species to become thoroughly 

 established here as a j^est of asparagus, injuring the plants in the same 

 manner as the common asjiaragus beetle, C. asparagi, Linn. — W. E. 

 Britton, New Haven, Conn, 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 189 



A NEW CULICID GENUS RELATED TO CORETHRA. 



BY D. W. COgUlLLETT, WASHINGTON, D. C. 



The genus Corethra ^?^?. founded by Meigen in 1803,* on Tipula 

 culicifonnis, De Geer, and in April, 1844, Loevv erected the genus 

 Mochlonyx,-\o\\ Corethra velutina, Rutlie, basing it on the shortened first 

 joint of the tarsi, a character mentioned by Ruthe in his original descrip- 

 tion. The characters of the tarsi of cidiciformis cannot be ascertained 

 from De Geer's description and figures.! On page 386 of the same volume 

 of his Memoires, which contains the account of this species, is a descrip- 

 tion and brief account of a related species, which he named Tipula 

 crystallina, with a reference to Reaumur's Memoires, V., plate 6, figures 

 4-15, where, at 4 and 7, a more slender larva without a trace of a subanal 

 respiratory tube is shown; contrasting with the broader larva furnished with 

 a large respiratory tube, as represented in De Geer's figures oi culiciformis ; 

 the descriptions and figures which these authors give of crystallina do not 

 indicate the characters of the tarsal joints of the adult. Thus matters 

 stood at the time that Loew erected his genus Mochlonyx, and continued 

 so until the year 1S83. 



In that year Dr. Fr. Meinert, of Copenhagen, published the results of 

 his breeding of the adults from these two forms of larvae,§ asserting that 

 the tubeless larva of crystallina produced an adult with elongated first 

 tarsal joints as in Corethra in the sense of Loew, whereas the adult bred 

 from the larva of culiciformis had the very short first tarsal joints of 

 Mochlonyx. Some of the adults last mentioned were submitted to V. von 

 Roder, of Hoym, Germany, an experienced dipterologist, who confirmed 

 their reference to Mochlonyx}\ adding that, with the exception of having 

 the hairs on the abdomen and legs shorter, they are identical with Ruthe's 

 species, two specimens of which were in his collection, received from 

 Ruthe himself. It seems very certain, therefore, that the type species of 



*Illiger's Magasin, II., p. 260. tEnt. Zeiu Stetiin, p. 121. JMemoires, VI., p. 

 372, pi. 23, figs. 3-12. gOvers. Kon. Danske Vid. Selsk, Forh., pp. 1-17, and 

 Resume, pp. 7-1 1. ||Entom, Nach., July, 1885, p. 217. 




190 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



Mochlonyx, if not the same, is at least congeneric with that of Corcihra ; 

 in other words, Loew applied the former name to the wrong division of 

 Corethra, in consequence of which his proposed new generic name is a 

 pure synonym of the latter. 



Owing to the mistake of Loew, it will be necessary to give a new 

 generic name to the group representing Corethra, Loew (not Meigen), and 

 for this genus the name Sayottiyia is proposed, in honour of the immortal 

 Thomas Say ; it will be readily recognized among the short-beaked Culi- 

 cidse by having the hair? of the antenn?e gathered into whorls, the inter- 

 vening spaces being almost bare, and by having the first tarsal joint 

 longer than the second. The type species is Corethra punctipeiinis, Say. 



The genus Corethra ( = Mochlonyx) has not yet been reported from 

 this country. Several years ago I received a specimen from Mrs. Annie 

 T. Slosson, collected at Franconia, N. H., and later two more specimens 

 were received from the same source, while in April of the present year the 

 same species was detected at Mt. Vernon, Va., by Mr. W. V. Warner, of 

 the U. S. National Museum. This species will readily be recognized by 

 its banded legs and mottled wings, and may be characterized as follows : 

 Corethra cinctipes, new species. 



Blackish brown, the apices of the antennal joints except the last joint, 

 the halteres, bases of the segments of abdomen in the male, base and 

 under side of femora, a broad band near four-fifths of their length, their 

 extreme apices, bases of tibii?e and a band near one-fourth of their length, 

 also bases of the first three or four joints of the tarsi, yellow; hairs of male 

 antenna? brown, their bases yellow, those at tips of antennae almost wholly 

 yellow ; thorax grayish pruinose, marked with four black vittae ; wings 

 grayish hyaline, hairs of veins black and with yellow ones as follows : on 

 the bases and ajiices of the veins, on the first vein where the second issues 

 from it, on the second vein where the third issues from it and at the point 

 where it forks, on the fourth vein at the insertion of the cross-vein and also 

 where this vein forks, and on the fifth vein where it forks ; first sub- 

 marginal cell nearly twice as long as its petiole, cross-vein at apex of 

 second basal cell less than its length before the one above it.; tarsal claws 

 of male each bearing two long, slender teeth on the under side, one near 

 the base and the other near the middle, those of the female with a single 

 tooth near the base of each ; length, 3 to 4.5 mm. Five males and one 

 female. Type No. 6839, U. S. National Museum. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 191 



SOME NEW RECORDS OF COCCID^. 



BY GEO. K. KING, LAWRENCE, MASS. 



The following list of Coccidas, which have been sent to me for study, 

 adds considerably to the known range of a large number of species, while 

 several new food-plants are indicated ; and as no records of the species 

 herein cited have appeared, to my knowledge, other than in one or two 

 instances in some of my published papers on the Coccidce^ it seems, 

 therefore, that these miscellaneous results should be recorded. It will 

 also show to some extent what is being done in a private laboratory for 

 the advancement of science. I have classified the records for my own 

 convenience into States as follows : 



Maine. 



These were all collected and sent to me by Mr. Oliver O. Stover, of 

 Freeport, Maine, in 1901 ; the first two species living out of doors and 

 the remainder being found under glass in greenhouses. 



Calymnattis hesperiduin and Aspidiotus hedercB on Hedera hybernica 

 were associated together. 



Mytilaspis ulmi, L., on apple twigs, Portland, Me. 



Chionaspis Jurfurtis, Fitch, on bark of apple, Westbrook, Me. 



Diaspis Boisdiivalii, Sign., on Latania harbarica and Livingstonia 

 Chinensis, Portland, Me. 



Aspidiotus hedercc, Vail., on Oleander at Westbrook, and on 

 Japonica variegata, Portland, and on Hedera hybernica at Portland, Me. 



Calymnatus hesperidum, L., on Yucca, Westbrook, Me. 



Vermont. 

 These were collected by Mr. C. Abbot Davis, of Providence, R. I., 

 in 1902, at Burlington, Vt. 



Eulecanhiui quercitronis. Fitch., on oak. 

 Pulvinaria innumerabi/is, Rath v., on maple. 



Connecticut. 



Prof. W. E. Britton, of tiie Connecticut Agricultural Experiment 

 Station, New Haven, Conn., sent the following in 1902 : 



Saissetia filicuui, fJoisd., on fern ( Eyrtominum falcatum) in Station 

 greenhouse. 



Saissetia heniisp/uerica, Targ., on fern ( Pier is trimula),zx\^ Dryop- 

 teri$ mollis 1 in Station greenhouse. 




192 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



Eulecanium Ki/igil, Ckll. , on sassafrass, and an Etilecauium, Sp., 

 found on grapevine, Bristol, Conn., which were in poor condition and 

 undeterminable. 



Dr. Geo. Dimmock, of Springfield, Mass., on a short collecting trip 

 found the following species in Conn, in 1900 : 



Saissetia hetnisphcBrica, Targ., on two distinct species of fern in a 

 greenhouse, Warehouse Point, Conn. 



Mytilaspis ulvii, L., on leather leaf (Cassandra calyculata) and on 

 Fraximis Americana, Milford, Conn. 



Chrysomphalus dictyospermi, Marg., on Ficus elastica under glass, 

 Enfield, Conn. 



Asterolecanium vario/osum, Ratz. — Sent to me recently by Prof. 

 Britton ; on scarlet oak ; found by the superintendent of parks in 

 Hartford, on a single tree in a nursery. The scales evidently had killed 

 the tree, as the twigs sent me were dead. 



Rhode Island. 



Mr. C. Abbot Davis collected and sent the following in 1902 : 



Ezilecaniian ?i!grofasciatutn, Perg., on soft maple in Roger Williams 

 Park, Providence, R. I., and attended by ants. 



Eulecanium querciiro?iis. Fitch., on black and white oak and white 

 maple; also on cork tree (imported) in Roger Williams Park, Prov., R. I. 



Eulecanium Fletc/ieri, Ckll, on white cedar. Providence. 



Eulecanium cerasifex, Fitch., on wild black cherry, peach and pear. 



Eulecanium Cocker clli, on wild black cherry, Prov., R. 1. 



Eulecanium persicce, Fabr., on linden and pear, attended hy Formica 

 lasioides, var. picea, Em. 



Eulecanium Canndensc. Ckll., on red and white maple, tulip tree, 

 linden and two oiher imported trees, species unknown, in Roger Williams 

 Park, Providence. 



Eulecanium cynosbati, Fitch., on locust. Providence. 



Calymnatus hesperidum,lj.^ox\ orange in a dwelling-house, Providence. 



Pulvinaria innumerabilis, Rath v., on an imported tree in Roger 

 Williams Park, Prov. 



Pulvinaria r/iois, EInh., on sumac, Providence. 



Kermes Kingii, Ckll., on black oak, in Roger Williams Park, Prov. 



Kermes pubesccns, Bogue, on wliite oak in Roger Williams Park, 

 Prov. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 193 



Gossyparia ulini, Geoff., on bark of elm in Roger Williams Park, 

 Prov. 



Phenococcus acericola, King, on maple, Providence. 



AspidioUis, sp., probably new, on white pine. Providence ; not 

 sufficient for study. 



Chionaspis furfiirus^ Fitch., on bark of apple. Providence. 



Chionaspis pijii/olii, Fitch., on white and Scotch pine, Roger 

 Williams Park, Prov. 



Chionaspis Americana, Johns, on elm, Providence. 



Mytilaspis uhni, L., on dogwood ? 



The following species were found associated together : E. cerasi/ex 

 and E. Cockerelli on wild cherry, E. persicce and E. Canadense on linden, 

 E. persiccE and E. cerasi/ex on pear, E. cerasi/ex and E. Cockerelli on elm. 



Georgia. 



The following were received from Prof W. M. Scott, State 

 Entomologist of Georgia, 1902 : 



Pulvinaria innumerabilis, Rathv., on pecan and black gum at 

 Albany. 



Eulecanium magnoHarnm, Ckll, on Magnolia grandiflora, Mar- 

 shallville. 



Eulecanium tulip i/enz, Cook, on tulip tree. 



Mississippi. 

 The following were received from Prof. Glenn W. Herrick, of the 

 Mississippi Agricultural Experiment Station in 1902 : 



Chrysomphalus te?iebricosus. Comst., on maple, Vicksburg, Miss. 

 Aspidiotus perniciosus, Comst., on peach, Deean, Miss. 

 Aspidiotus Forbesi, Johns, on peach, Stinson, Miss. 



Illinois. 

 Eulecanium /raxini, King, on bark of ash, Urbana, 111., sent in by 

 Prof F. M. Webster, January, 1903. 



Eulecanium Folsomi, Ckll. This is a small flat species found by 

 Prof Folsom in 1902 on paw-paw, at Urbana, 111. 

 Antennae 6-jointed, in /x as follows : 



Joints I 23456 

 40 36 92 16 20 40 

 40 36 96 20 24 36 




194 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



Legs ihin ; coxa, 88; femur and trochanter, 108; tibia, 92; tarsus, 76; 

 claw, 16; marginal spines of two sizes, 16 and 32 /^ long. Stigmatal 

 spines in threes, middle one 60 //. long ; laterals, 32 /^ long. I think the 

 above species is yet to be published by Prof. Cockerell. 



Iowa. 



These were sent by Prof Cockerell, collected by Prof. W. D. Hunter 



in 1900, now of the Dept. of Agriculture at Washington, D. C. 



Eiilecanium Cockei-elli, Hunter, Ames, Iowa. 



Eulecanmm IVebsteri, King, on Celt is Occident alls \ also on Acer 

 sacchariiium, Ames, Iowa. 



Arizona. 



Pulvinaria innuiiierabiiis, Rathv., on Acer negundo, Prescott, Ariz.; 

 coll. Cockerell, March 27, 1902. 



California. 



The following species were collected by Prof Cockerell while taking 

 some students and teachers through part of California in the summer of 

 1 901, and were referred to me for study : 



Aspidiotus hedercp. Vail., on leaves o( Eucalyptus, Pasadena, Calif. 



Asp idiot us rapax, Comst., on Isomer is arborea at San Pedro, Calif. 



Eriococciis adenostomce, Ehrh., on Adenostovia at La Jolla, Calif; 

 also on the same food-plant at San Pedro, Calif. 



Ceroplates irregnaris, on Atriplex confertifolia and A. polycarpa ? 

 at Lone Pine, Inyo Co., Calif. They occur only near or under the 

 ground. 



Dactylopius salinus, Ckll.. on grass on cliffs by the sea at La Jolla, 

 Calif 



Chionaspis pijiifolii, Fitch, on Pinus, sp. 



Pseudolecaniuvi Cali/ornicum, Ehrh. 



Saissetia olece, Bern., was also found on this trip by Prof Cockerell. 



Saissetia hemisphcerica, Targ., on pepper tree ( Schianus malla), La 



Jolla, Calif 



Colorado. 



The following species were collected by Prof Bethel, High School, 



Denver, Colorado, and sent to Prof. Cockerell, who turned them over to 



me : 



Chionaspis Lititneri, Comst., on Ceanothus, Steamboat Springs, 



Colorado. 




THE CA.iN'ADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 195 



Pheitacocciis Co:kerelli, n. sp. 



9 Scale red-brown, resting on a small white cottony sack projecting 

 a little behind the insect's body. Size small ; owing to ks position upon 

 the twigs, an accurate measurement could not be obtained. Cleared and 

 pressed under a cover glass, 2 mm. in diameter, a little narrow behind. 

 Derm colourless, mouth-parts yellowish-brown, antennse and legs slightly 

 tinged with yellow. Anal lobes well developed, rounded, with one long 

 bristle and several short spear-shaped spines and a few thin hairs ; they 

 also show several round gland pits, these due, perhaps, to some of the 

 spines being lost in process of clearing. No spines, pits or hairs on the 

 derm. 



Antennte 9-jointed ; measurements in /x, joints : 



Front leg coxa, 80 ; femur and trochanter, 200 ; tibia, 132 ; tarsus, 72 ; 

 claw, 28. Hab. — On Amfhinc/iier, Steamboat Springs, Colorado. 



Aspidiotus Hoivardi, Ckll. (^var. ancyhis ?), on ash (Fraxijius), 

 Denver, Col., July 28, 1902. The scales on the under side of leaf (along 

 the mid-rib) are very pale, while those on the upper side are 'dark. The 

 leaf on both sides along the mid-rib is faded to a light yellow, due from 

 the infestation. 



These were sent to Prof. Cockerell by Prof. Gillette, of the Agricul- 

 tural Experiment Station, Foit Collins, Col. A single scale on currant 

 twig, which proved to be Eulecanhini quercifex, Fitch. 



Phenacoccus Cockerel I i.,ow service berry (Amelanchier), at Gunnison, 

 Col.; coll. Prof Ball, Sept. 20, '92. In some respects these differ from 

 those secured from Prof. Gillette and described above. They are a little 

 larger; when boiled in liquid potash, they turn to a deep bright claret colour. 

 The females were filled with young larvee, and this might account for the 

 size. The insect is viviparous. 



Pidvinaria innumerabilis, subsp., Betheli, n. subsp. — $ Scale dark 

 brown, ovisac as in innumerabilis, cleared and pressed under cover glass 

 4 mm. in diameter. Derm practically colourless, slightly tinged with 

 yellow. Antennae 8-jointed ; measurements are, in /x : 



Joints I 2345678 

 68 56 80 72 44 28 52 44 

 68 52 86 68 60 40 32 48 




196 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



Front leg coxa, 120; femur and trochanter, 220; tibia, 160; tarsus, 92. 

 Stigmatal spines thin, sharp, 24 /'. long. 



Hab. — On birch (Betula), in Colorado ; collected by Prof. E. Bethel, 

 sent to Prof. Cockerell by Prof. Gillette, who supposed them to be 

 P. betulce, Linn.-Signoret. In the antennae it is near to F. tilce, King and 

 Ckll., but this scale is much larger and of a different colour. 



New Mexico. 



These were sent by Prof. Cockerell in 1901 : 



Chionaspis pini/olii, Fitch., on Fi/nts, sp., at Arroyo Pecos, East Las 

 Vegas, N. M. 



Dactylopius gutieuezice, Ckll., on Gutietiezia, at Arroyo Pecos, East 

 Las Vegas. N. M.; coll. Mrs. W. P. Cockerell. 



Fseudolecanhiin C'lli/oniicnm, Ehrh , East Las Vegas, N. M. 



Dactylopius pseudonifce, Ckll., on house fern. East Las Vegas, N. M. 



Orthezia occidejita/is, Dougl.- alt., 8, coo feet above the sea level 3 

 Peulah sapeilo Canon, N. M. 



Eulecan!ianpr'j/inosi(iii,\a.v. ker?iioides,Tyxxt\\, 1S96. This species was 

 described in the Annual Report of the California Experiment Station, in 

 1896, by Miss M. W. Tyrrell, as Leuuiin/n pniinosum, var. kertnoides, found 

 on oak in California. In Prof. Cockerell's Check List, p. 339, it is listed, 

 and he states that he doubts if it belongs \o prninosian \ in his first Sup- 

 plement, p. 394, it is listed as a synonym of qi/ercitronis. In October, 

 1902, he collected some scales infesting Qiiercns Einoiyi (Emory's oak), at 

 Las Vegas, Hot Springs, N. M., at about 7,000 feet alt.; examples of 

 these he forwarded to me, and in his note accompanying them stated that 

 he believed them to be L. kermoides. The 2 scales are red-brown, 

 kermes-like in shape, average size 3 I/2 nim. in diameter and 3 mm. high. 

 Antennae 7-jointed ; joint (i) 32, (2) 32, (3) 48, (4) 48, (5) 20, (6) 20, 

 (7) 40; joints one and two are equal in most cases ; three and four are 

 equal, when not, joint four seems to be the longest ; five and six are equal 

 and shortest. Leg coxa, 96; femur and trochanter, 148; tibia, 100; 

 tarsus, 68. The species in the antennae comes near to E. quercitronis. 

 Fitch. There is no doubt that kermoides is a distinct species. In a 

 recent letter from Prof Cockerell he says he believes Mr. Pergande holds 

 that kertnoides is a distinct species. It, however, belongs to a very 

 puzzling group where the antenn;« are very variable. In quercitrojiis I 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 197 



have found joints 3 and 4 to be equal in length, sometimes 3 longer than 

 4, and again 4 would be longer than 3, and in one instance joint 3 was 

 very long, 108 /x ; in this case joint 4 was only 24 /x long. 



Pulvinaria innumerabilis, on Aesculiis octandra, East Las Vegas, 

 N. M., Oct. 14, 1902. 



A NEW SAWFLY. 



BV R. A. COOLKy, AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, BOZEMAN, MONTANA. 



The Sawfly here described is a common pest on the leaves of various 

 species of Popiilus in Montana, and a Bulletin dealing with its life-history 

 and economic significance is about to t^e published from the Montana 

 Experiment Station. We give here an outline of its life-history, followed 

 by descriptions of the two sexes. 



The adults appear on the foliage in May and continue there for 

 about eight weeks. The female deposits her eggs singly on the very 

 young, tender leaves, and at the same time stings them in such a way as 

 to cause the edge to fold under on the lower surface. The egg is found 

 under the epidermis in the end of the fold nearer the petiole. One edge 

 or both edges may be folded. The larva, at first, feeds in the fold, eating 

 off the surface of the leaf, but later ventures out and eats holes in the 

 leaves, always preserving the fold for a retreat. The cocoon is formed in 

 the fold and drops to the earth with the leaf This leaf, among the 

 others on the ground, forms the hibernating place for the insect. 



In this paper the writer has adopted the form of description used by 

 Mr. C. L. Marlatt in his valuable " Revision of the Nematinje of North 

 America." 



Pontania Bozemani^ n. sp. — Female. — Length 6 mm.; robust] 

 emargination of clypeus a semicircle ; lobes of the clypeus rounded ; 

 longest hairs of the mouth-parts about as long as the distance from lobe 

 to lobe of the clypeus ; lateral furrows of the vertex broad and rather 

 shallow ; ocellar basin distinctly defined ; frontal crest almost absent ; 

 antennai moderately slender, 4 mm. long, with joints 3 and 4 subequal, 

 joint 5 shorter, joints 6, 7, 8 and 9 still shorter and subequal in length; 

 sheath acuminate, hairy below at the apex ; claws cleft for one-third their 

 length. Colours princi])ally resinous-yellow and black ; antenm^, large 

 spot on vertex, thorax above except sides of pronotum, dorsum of first 

 abdominal segment, most of dorsum of second and spot on the next fouf 




198 



THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



or five segments, glossy black ; spot under base of wings, spot at base 

 of posterior coxa, black ; remainder of body resinous-yellow, except the 

 sheath, which is very dark, around the mouth-parts, which is very light, 

 and the posterior tarsi, which are darker above. Stigma light at base ; 

 veins brownish, lighter at base of wings. Wings iridescent. 



J/rt/<?.— Length 5.75 mm. Differs from the female in being less 

 robust, in having the clypeus more widely excavated, in having the entire 

 dorsal surface of the abdomen back to genital parts glossy black, and in 

 having a larger spot of black at base of posterior coxa. 



^- Qa.^. 



Fui. fi. 



Explanation uf Figures. 



a. — Egg, showing the nearly mature embryo. 



b. — Larva. 



c. — Cocoon. 



d. — Adult female sawfly. 



e. — Side view of extremity of abdomen of female. 



f. — P^gg-pocket under epidermis. 



g. — Leaf affected by the species. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 199 



CLASSIFICATION OF THE FOSSORIAL, PREDACEOUS AND 



PARASITIC WASPS, OR THE SUPERFAMILY 



VESPOIDEA. 



BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD, A. M., SC. D., ASSISTANT CURATOR, DIVISION 

 OF INSECTS, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



(Paper No. 15.— Continued from Vol. XXXV., p. 158.) 

 Family XLI. — Myrmosidae. 



1899. Myrmosidse, Family, Ashmead ; Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, 

 VII., p. 49 and 52. 



1903. MullidcC, Famille (partim)^ Andre; Wytsman's Gen. Ins. 

 Fam. Mutillidpe. 



This family, as here defined, is, I think, a ?iaiural one, although some 

 of the genera have been placed previously, by different authors, in other 

 families, with the Scoliidce, Myzinidce^ Muiillidce, etc. 



The females in this family may always be easily recognized by the 

 thorax, which is distinctly divided into two parts, while the males, except 

 in three or four cases, are easily distinguished by the genitalia, the 

 hypopygium terminating in a sharp aculeus, which curves upwards, as in 

 males in the family Myzinidce, with which they are often confused. 



The males belonging to the genera Myrmosa, Latreille; Ephutomma, 

 Ashmead, and Myrmosida, Smith, have, however, the hypopygium 

 unarmed, while in the South American genus, Bradynobicnus, Spinola, it 

 is tridentate, as in some Thyimidce. 



The venation of the front wings in all of these genera is, however, 

 distinctive, and no difficulty will attend their recognition, as besides 

 venation there are other character.s. 



The genus Mynnosida, Smith, I know only frum the description and 

 figure ; it appears to approach nearest to Apterogyna, Latreille, although 

 the hypopygium is apparently unarmed. It also resembles a male ant of 

 the family Poneridce, and particularly to males in the subfamily 

 Pseudomyrmince ; if it is not an ant, then it is a Myrmosid, and it is 

 placed in the subfamily Apterogyninx provisionally. 



Three distinct subfamilies may be recognized, one, the Apterogyn- 

 i/ue, first pointed out by Mr. Ernest Andre, as follows : 



Table of Subfamilies. 

 Abdomen normal, without a constriction between segments 2 and 3, 

 at most with a constriction between segments i and 2 2, 




200 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



Abdomen with a strong constriction between segments 2 and 3, the 

 first two segments being more or less nodiform 3. 



2. Thorax in female almost round, not or hardly longer than wide ; 



head quadrate ; mandibles falcate ; maxillary palpi 3-jointed ; 

 labial palpi 2-jointed ; males winged, the front wings without a 

 marginal and a discoidal cell ; hypopygium at apex 



tridentate Subfamily I. — Bradynobaeninte. 



Thorax in female not nearly round, much longer than wide ; head 

 variable, the maxillary palpi more than 3-jointed, the labial palpi more 

 than 2-jointed ; males winged, the front wings with a marginal and 

 a discoidal cell ; hypopygium ending in a single aculeus, which 

 curves upwards, rarely unarmed Subfamily II. — Myrmosinse. 



3. Front wings in males (except in Myrmosida, Smith, which has a 



marginal cell and two cubital cells) without marginal and discoidal 

 cells ; hypopygium, except in Myrmosida^ Smith, ending in a 

 single upward curved aculeus ; females readily known by the con- 

 striction between segments 2 and 3 .Subfamily III. — Apterogynin^e. 



Subfamily I. — Bradynobaenin?e. 



This subfamily, so far as the characters of the males are concerned, 

 approaches nearest to the Thynnidce^ the hypopygium being tridentate, 

 much as in Thynnus, Fabr. but the venation is quite different. 



The marginal and the discoidal cells are absent, and thus show an 

 affinity with the Apterogyniiice. The female, however, is quite different 

 from any in either the My?'inosi?i(e or the Apterogyniiice, the thorax being 

 very short in outline, almost round, while the head is quadrate, the 

 mandibles falcate, the maxillary palpi 3-jointed, the labial palpi 2 jointed. 

 Only one genus is known : 



Female, wingless i. 



Male, winged 2. 



1. Thorax in outline almost round ; head quadrate ; mandibles 



falcate Bradynobaenus, Spinola. 



(Type B. Gayi, Spin.) 



2. Front wings without a marginal cell, the discoidal cells wanting; 



hypopygium tridentate Bradynobaenus, Spinola 



Subfamily II. — Myrmosinje. 

 1896. Myrmosini, Tribe I. (partim), Ashmead ; Trans. Am. Ent. 

 See, XXII., p. i8o. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 201 



1903. Methocinae, Subfamily {partim), Andre; Wytsman's Gen. 

 Ins. Fam., Mutillid:*, p. 6. 



1903. Myrmosin^e, Subfamily (^/(^/Ymyl, Andre ; Opus. Cit , p. 12. 



1903. Mutillinse, Subfamily (partini), Andre ; Opus. Cit., p. 13. 



To this subfamily belong the majority of the known genera and 

 species falling in the family Myrmosidce. It is easily separated from the 

 Bradynobaenince by the shape of the thorax in the females and by the 

 armature and venation of the males. The group comes closest to Andre's 

 subfamily Apterogynince, but may be easily distinguished from it by the 

 absence of a strong constriction between the second and third abdominal 

 segments, and by the totally different venation of the front wings. 



Two distinct tribes may be recognized as follows : 



Table of Tribes. 



Females r . 



Males 2. 



1. Ocelli present Tribe I. — Myrmosini. 



Ocelli absent Tribe II. — Chyphotini. 



2. Front wings with ihe marginal cell long, or not especially short ; 



hypopygium unarmed Tribe I. — Myrmosini. 



Front wings with the marginal cell usually short ; hypopygium armed 



with an aculeus which curves upwards.. ..Tribe II. — Chyphotini. 



Tribe I. — Myrmosini. 



The females in this tribe resemble those belonging to the family 



Muti/lidce, but are easily recognized by having the thorax divided into 



iiuo distinct divisions, and from the tribe Chyphotini by having distinct 



oCelli. 



The males are easily distinguished by having the hypopygium 



unarmed. 



Table of Genera. 



Females i . 



Males 2. 



I. Thorax quadrangular, the pronotdm as wide as the meso-metathorax, 

 usually rugoso-punctate, or coarsely punctate ; maxillary palpi 



6-jointed, labial palpi 4-jointed Myrmosa, Latreille. 



(Type Mutilla aielanocephala, Fabr.) 



Thorax not quadrangular, compressed at the sides from the meso- 



metathoracic angles ; mandibles strongly excised beneath, with a 



projection towards base Ephutomma, Ashmead. 



(Type Mutilla incerta, Radoszk.) 




202 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



2. Marginal cell \ow^; four cubital cells, the second and third each 



receiving a recurrent nervure Myrmosa, Latreille. 



Marginal cell shorter, triangular ; tJwee cubital cells, the second 

 triangular, receiving the first recurrent nervure near its middle, the 

 third hexagonal ; eyes large, extending to the base of the mandibles, 

 emarginate within Ephutomma, Ashmead. 



Trtbe II. — Chyphotini. 



1896. Chyphotini, Tribe III., Ashmead ; Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, 

 XXII., p. 179 (Cyphotini). 



1903. Methocinse, Subfamille, Andre' j Wytsman's Gen. Ins. Earn., 

 Mutillidas, p. 6. 



The absence of ocelli in the females and the armed hypopygium in 

 the males, which terminates in a single aculeus that curves upwards, as in 

 males in the family Myzijiidce, readily separate this tribe from the 

 Myrmosmi. 



Table of Genera. 



Eemales i. 



Males 4- 



1. Thorax not quadrate, quite differently formed 2. 



Thorax quadrate, the sides parallel. 



Head large, quadrate, wider than the thorax ; mandibles long, at 

 apex bidentate, sinuate or subemarginate beneath ; pygidium 



with a pygidial area Brachycistis, Fox. 



(Type B. petiolatus. Fox.) 



2. Eyes round or nearly ; abdomen petiolate or subpetiolate 3. 



Eyes oval, slightly sinuate on outer margin superiorly ; abdomen 



nearly sessile. 



Pronotum transverse, a little wider than the meso-metathorax 

 anteriorly, but not wider than the same posteriorly, the sides 

 being compressed just behind the pronotum (?). Milluta, Andre. 



3. Abdomen subpetiolate, the petiole broadened towards the apex and 



constricted before uniting with the second segment ; pronotum 

 large, nearly obtrapezoidal, and fnlly as wide as the meso-meta- 

 thorax, or a little wider Typhoctef, Ashmead. 



(Type Mutilla i)eculiaris, Cresson.) 

 Abdomen with a distinct slender petiole ; pronotum campanulate, 



much narrower than the meso-metathorax Chyphotes, Blake. 



(Type C. elevatus, Blake.) 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 203 



4. Middle tibi?e with one apical spur 5. 



Middle tibiae with two apical spurs 7. 



5. Front wings with tJwee cubital cells, the second and third each 



receiving a recurrent nervure. 



Cubitus in hind wings originating much before the transverse 

 cubitus ; second cubital cell in front wings not triangular, very 

 large, trapezoidal, not much larger than the third ; submedian 

 and median cells equal, the transverse median nervure inter- 

 stitial with the basal vein ; mandibles bidentate 6. 



Cubitus in hind wings interstitial or nearly with the transverse 

 cubitus, sometimes originating a little beyond it ; second 

 cubital cell in front wings more or less triangular ; submedian 

 cell usually a little longer than the median (rarely equal in 

 some JBrachycistis), the transverse median nervure usually not 

 interstitial with the basal vein ; mandibles bidentate. 



Marginal cell very short, always much shorter than the 

 oblong stigma ; first abscissa of the radius only about 

 one-third the length of the third cubital cell ; second 

 cubital cell triangular, usually receiving the first recurrent 

 nervure before the middle, not, or rarely, longer than the 

 third; abdomen with a more or less distinct constriction 

 between the first and second segments ; scutellum rounded, 



subconvex ; ocelli large Brachycistis, Fox. 



Marginal cell not short, about as long as the large oblong 

 stigma ; first abscissa of the radius as long, or nearly, as 

 the third cubital cell ; second cubital cell at least three 

 times as long as the third, receiving the first recurrent 

 nervure beyond the middle ; third cubital cell quadrate, 

 or nearly, a little wider (higher) than long, receiving the 

 second recurrent a little before its middle ; scutellum 

 quadrate; ocelli large, the laterals about their width from 



the eye margin Milluta, Andre'.* 



(Type M. chobauti, Andre.) 



6. Marginal cell much longer than the large oblong stigma ; lanceolate ; 



first abscissa of the radius short, less than one-third the length of 

 the third cubital cell ; third cubital cell large, much longer than 



*I am greatly indebted to Mons. Ernest Andre, for the loan of the unitjue type 

 of this genus. 




204 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



wide, nearly trapezoidal, a little shorter than the second ; ocelli very 

 large, the laterals close to the eye margin . . . Magrettina, Ashmead. 



(Type Meria nocturna, Morowitz.) 



7. Front wings with three cubital cells 8. 



Front wings with two cubital cells 9. 



8. Second cubital cell receiving both recurrent nervures ; the third cubital 



quadrangular Chyphotes, Blake. 



9. Two recurrent nervures, the second cubital cell receiving both 



recurrent nervures Chyphotes, Blake. 



Only one recurrent nervure received by the second cubital cell, the 

 second recurrent nervure always wholly absent. .Typhoctes, Ashm. 



Subfamily III. — Apterogyninae. 



1899. Apterogyninae, Tribu II., Andre'; Spec, des Hym., d'Eur. et 

 d'Algerie, Tome 8, pp. 57 and 65. 



This group was first recognized by Mr. Ernest Andre. It is a singular 

 group, of small extent, falling naturally in the family Myrtnosidce, and not 

 in the family Muti/lide, where Andre' placed it. Only about a dozen 

 species are known, and none have yet been found in America, although 

 species are found in Europe, Africa and Asia. The group should, how- 

 ever, occur in South America, and probably has representatives there still 

 undiscovered. 



In having a strong constriction between the second and third 

 abdominal segments the species resemble certain ants in the family 

 Poneriihe, and particularly those in the subfamily Pseiidomyrmince, the 

 genus Myrinosida, Smith, being strikingly similar to a male ant of this 

 subfamily. I know it, however, only from the description and figure. 

 Smith placed it in the family Mietillidce, but if it is a parasitic wasp and 

 not an ant, then, on account of its abdominal peculiarities, it belongs here. 

 Smith says nothing about the genital armature. 



Table of Genera. 



Males I. 



Females 2. 



I. Front wings with a stigma, a marginal cell, two cubital cells and one 

 discoidal cell ; head large, obtrapezoidal ; pronotum short trans- 

 verse ; hypopygium (?) unarmed (Tribe I., Myrmosidini), (Singa- 

 pore) Myrmosida, Smith. 



(Type M. paradoxa, Smith.) 



Front wings without a stigma or a marginal cell, and usually without 



a cubital cell ; one small discoidal cell ; pronotum not short, 




. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 205 



transverse quadrate ; hypopygium armed with an upward curved 

 aculeus (Tribe II., Apterogynini), (Europe, Africa and 



Asia) Apterogyna, Latreille. 



. (Type A. Olivieri, Latr.) 



Abdomen with the first two segments nodiform ; mandible narrowed, 



arcuate, pointed at apex Apterogyna, Latreille. 



GYNANDROMORPHISM IN LUCANUS ELAPHUS. 



BY H. F. WICKHAM, IOWA CITY, IOWA. 



Some time ago, while in St. Louis, I called on Dr. Geo. W. Bock, 

 and saw in his collection a remarkable specimen of a female Lucanus 

 e/aphus, from Poplar Bluff, Mo. On my expressing interest in the matter, 

 the Doctor very kindly gave me the insect, and I wish to put the case on 

 record. 



The chief organ affected is the left mandible (fig. 7 a), which is more 

 than twice the length of the right (fig. 7 b), and partakes of many charac- 

 ters usually exhibited by the male. It is irregularly curved in outline, 

 sparsely punctured, except at the base, where two elongate areas are 

 coarsely and closely punctate, the larger area being on the superior face, 

 while the smaller is lateral. The external face is flattened, trituberculate 

 along the middle region, carinale along the upper and lower margins. 

 The armature of the mandible is as follows : Subbasal and subapical 

 teeth long, as in the male, the smaller intermediate teeth arranged not in 

 one series, but in two, the lower row containing three denticles, one in 

 front of and one behind (but below) the subbasal tooth, the other behind 

 the subapical one ; the upper series consists of five teeth forming a row, 

 as shown in the figure, the second being bifurcate at tip. The antennae 

 are not affected. The head is roughly punctured, somewhat uneven, but 

 without the characteristic ridges of the male. The prothorax is not quite 

 alike on both sides, the left being a little longer and showing a tendency 

 to develop the shape of the male. The front tibije differ from each other, 

 the left being a little narrower than the right, the apical tooth shorter and 

 less excurved, the subapical trifurcate, the two teeth near the middle of 

 the tibia crowded close together. The right middle tibia has four teeth 

 (exclusive of those around the apex), while the left has but two. The 

 hind tibicC are practically alike. 




206 



THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



CL 



i 



This is a curious case, showing an incom- 

 plete copying of the male characters, accom- 

 panied by considerable distortion. None of 

 the organs affected are perfect images of their 

 counterparts in the male, though the left 

 mandible is sufficiently near to suggest that 

 sex at once. 



The figures will show the mandibles from 

 above, the left on account of the downward 

 ^ curve of the tij), appearing shorter in propor- 

 tion than it should, and, owing to their position, 

 the lower series of teeth is not shown. 



COLOUR-BLINDNESS AMONG ENTOMOLOGISTS. 



BY PROF. C. H. FERNALD, AMHERST, MASS. 



It is well known that a small percentage of the people in this 

 country, and perhaps in all countries, are more or less colour-blind, and 

 it is a noteworthy fact that such persons are often entirely unconscious of 

 it or do not fully appreciate its disadvantages. The officials of the 

 railroads and certain other corporations test the applicants for situations, 

 and if they are found to be colour-blind, or not able to distinguish 

 colours accurately, they are not employed. It will be readily seen that if 

 a railroad engineer or the officer of the deck on one of our large 

 passenger ships could not distinguish between red and green signal lights 

 in the night, most disastrous accidents might be the result. 



An entomologist might be more or less colour-blind on some colours 

 and be entirely unconscious of the fact, but the results in his descriptive 

 work would be faulty and more or less misleading, according to the 

 degree of imperfection in his colour vision. A correspondent wrote me 

 a short time ago that he had a larva which he called green, but his 

 assistant declared it to be white. It is possible that if these gentlemen 

 were tested, the colour vision of one or the other would be found more or 

 less imperfect. 



It is to prevent any i^ossible errors in descriptive entomology 

 because of colour-blindness that we have adopted the plan of testing all 

 the graduate students in entomology in the Massachusetts Agricultural 

 College. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 207 



MERISTIC VARIATION IN CORYDALIS CORNUTA, LINN. 



BY H. F. WICKHAM, IOWA CITY, IOWA. 



Records of duplication of members in hexapod larvae are so rare that 

 I submit the subjoined account, drawn up from a specimen of the young 

 of Corydalis cornuta, captured in the river near Iowa City, several years 

 ago. The insect is one of a number that I took for class dissection, and 

 as far as noted, the remainder did not depart from the ordinary type. A 

 notice of the case was prepared at the time and sent to a scientific journal 

 on the eve of its suspending publication, so that I think the article was 

 never printed. 



The larva under discussion measures, in its preserved state, about an 



inch and three-quarters in length. The duplication of parts concerns the 



left hind leg, where the femur, which is normal, bears a bifurcate tibia, one 



branch of which is longer than the other. The longer side attains a length 



about equal to that of the right tibia, and bears a tarsus which is 



approximately normal, though the claws are nearer together than usual ; 



/»— V. the shorter side of the tibia supports a tarsus, 



I \ which in its turn shows a decided tendency to 



J \ bifurcation and carries two pairs of claws. 



Cl y^^>>_^ \ The proportions of the parts are shown in the 



/ I \ \ figure. (Fig. 8.) I am not certain that the 



^W \\ short tarsus is drawn in proper perspective, 



\ \ as I accidentally broke it off at the joint 



\ \ marked a in the figure, and may have twisted 



\/ it in replacing. The specimen is preserved in 



„. „ my collection. 



Fig-. 8. -' 



PREOCCUPIED NAME. 



I refer to Prof Fernald's kind notice of my " Hawk Moths," Can. 

 Ent., 98, 1887, for the statement that the generic term ^/';v?/j' is pre- 

 occupied, having been used by Koch in 1837 fo'' ^ genus of Scorpions. I 

 should not have troubled myself further in the matter of changing this 

 name in the Sphingidse, seeing that Prof Fernald believes a separate 

 genus {ox plebeia from Protoparce unnecessary, except that Rothschild and 

 Gordon, in their exhaustive revision of the Sphingidas, just published, 

 retain the name Atreus and criticise my calling the species ''■ plebehts" 

 instead of plebeja. So I change the name Atreus, Grote, 1886, to 

 Paratrea, with P. plebeja as type. A. R. Grote. 




208 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



* DO WE KNOW CULEX CONSOBRINUS, Desv. ? 



BY J. M. ALDRICH, MOSCOW, IDAHO. 



Desvoidy published this species in 1827, in the Memoirs of the 

 Society of Natural History of Paris, Vol. HI., p. 408. The entire 

 description is as follows : 



" 27. CULEX CONSOBRINUS, R. D. 



Simillimus prascedenti ; palpis, tarsisque bruneis. 



Long. 3 lineas. 



Omnino similis Culici pipietiti : differt solum palpis tarsisque 

 brunicosis, non flavis. 



Habitat in Pennsylvania. (Musseum Dejeanianum.)" 



The species preceding this, to which reference is made, is Ciilex 

 pipiens ; the length in that is also given as three lines. Nothing is said 

 about the palpi and tarsi, further than the expression " pedes fiavescentes." 



This species remained unrecognized until 1896, when Coquillett, in 

 Howard and Marlatt's Bulletin on " Household Insects" (Bull. 4, n. ser., 

 Div. of Ent.), claimed to have identified it with a common and wide- 

 spread form. He gave the following synonyms : Functor, Kirby ; 

 impatiens a.nd pi?iguis. Walker, and itiortiatus, Williston. The synonymy 

 had been made out entirely from descriptions, save in the case of 

 inortiaius, of wliich Williston's type was in the National Museum for 

 comparison. In Circular No. 40, Coquillett adds as probable synonyms, 

 Atiopheles ati?mlifnanus, Van der Wulp, and Ctilex testaceus, Van der 

 Wulp. 



Dr. Howard transmitted specimens of this supposed consobrinus to 

 Theobald, who accepted them at their face value and redescribed the 

 species in his Monograph of the Culicidae, Vol. II., p. 78. He found 

 from Kirby's type in the British Museum that ///«c/(?r is a distinct species, 

 which he redescribed on p. 75. As to Walker's species, he makes the 

 following notes : 



" Ctilex impatiens. Walker, may be this species (Coquillett's 

 consobrimis), the type answering in nearly all respects, but the abdominal 

 banding differs. 



" Culex piiiguis, Walker, may also be synonymous, but I do not 

 know where the type is, and Walker's descriptions seem almost valueless, 

 judging from the types I have seen." 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 209 



Speaking of Anopheles annulimafius, Theobald says (1,213): 

 " Coquillett thinks this species does not belong to the genus Anopheles 

 at all. The description, he seems to think, applies to a male of Culex 

 consobrifius, Desvoidy ; but in this I can scarcely agree, and do not think 

 such an authority as Van der Wulp would commit such an error." 



As to Ctilex testaceus, Theobald received a specimen from Lake 

 Simcoe, Ontario, which he identified as this species, making it distinct 

 from the supposed consobrinus. 



Now let us see whether the colour of the palpi and tarsi, as indicated 

 by Desvoidy, is sufficient to distinguish a species from pipiens. Taking 

 the full discussion of pipiens given by Theobald (Monogr., Vol. II., pp. 

 132-136), it is immediately seen that the female has "palpi thick, brown, 

 with some grayish scales "; also "tarsi uniformly dark brown." In the 

 male the palpi are " light ochraceous brown," and the " tarsi dark brown.'' 

 Desvoidy's specimen was in all probability a female. It appears, there- 

 fore, that his distinctive characters are normal in pipiens I At any rate, 

 pipiens is a variable species, and easily includes forms with all his 

 characters. 



The size given by Desvoidy is the same for both species, 3 lines. If 

 I understand this correctly, it is about 6 mm. Theobald gives 4.5 to 5 

 mm. for pipiens, and 6 to 7 mm. for consobrinus. The advantage here is 

 perhaps a little on the side of a distinct species ; still, Desvoidy expressly 

 makes it the same size 2^% pipiens, which he speaks of as a very common 

 species, so it works about as well one way as the other. 



When I came to the conclusion, some time ago, that the real 

 consobrifius is nothing but pipiens, which is known to occur in the United 

 States as well as Europe, I wrote to Theobald»and Coquillett in regard to 

 the matter. The former replied that he had accepted the species on the 

 supposition that Coquillett had examined the type of Desvoidy. The 

 latter only wrote, " Repeated revisions of my first reference of Cukx 

 consobrifius have not caused me to change my opinion in regard to it. 

 Size and colouring both apply better to tliis form than \o pipiens or any 

 of our other species." 



I have shown exactly how much there is in the matter of "size and 

 colouring." 



The species which is now passing under the name of <r^7/.y^(^r/;«^.f I 

 think should be known as inornatus, Williston. It was described in the 

 Diptera of the Death Valley Expedition, North American Fauna, No. 7, 




210 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



p. 253. The type of this description, as above stated, has been examined 

 by Coquillett and found identical with the species under consideration. 

 There is no other name which is not open to serious doubt. 



Cojisobrinus, Desvoidy, may stand unidentified. Should anyone feel 

 under necessity to " do something" with it, let him place it as a synonym 

 oipipiens. Certainly no one can prove that it does not belong there, 

 unless he can examine the type. In looking up Dejean's collection in 

 Hagen's " Bibliotheca," I find considerable information as to certain 

 families of Coleoptera and Lepidoptera, but nothing about the Diptera. 

 The collection was divided, and the various parts scattered in a dozen 

 places. So there is but little prospect that the type of co?isobri?ius can be 

 found. 



I 



The rapidly growing importance of the Culicidas will, I trust, excuse 

 me for occupying so much space in the attempt to set right one of our 

 common species. 



GOT WITHOUT SEEKING. 



As I was sitting in Victoria Park, London, Ont., on one of the early 

 days of August, 1902, a sharp click on my straw hat indicated to me that 

 a beetle had been suddenly arrested in its erratic flight. I took off my hat 

 and found thereon a longhorn, with the familiar outline and ornamentation 

 of the old Clytus group. But there was something about it that seemed 

 unusual to me, and the more I looked at it the more I was convinced of 

 its novelty. So I secured it, killed and mounted it, and, as opportunity 

 presented itself, endeavoured to determine it, but could find nothing with 

 which it would correspond, and the books afforded me no relief. Having 

 occasion to require the assistance of Mr. W. H. Harrington, Ottawa, upon 

 some B. C. beetles, I sent my unique in order to secure his verdict upon 

 it. He pronounced it to be Xylotrechus 4-viaadatus^ and remarked, 

 " This is an interesting species, of which I have only taken one example, 

 and that is of a yellowish colour." (Mine is whitish in the colour of its 

 ornamentation.) ""^ 4-niacuhitus is said to be very variable in colour, so I 

 think your specimen belongs to that species, although differing so much 

 from mine." And tliat specimen now stands in what was before a blank 

 in the Society's collection. J. Alston Moffat. 



Mailed June 3olh, 1903. 




\\t €anat(tai( Jnt0nt0lai)bt. 



Vol. XXXV. 



LONDON, AUGUST, 1903. 



No. 8 



DESCRIPTION OF A NEW NORTH AMERICAN CULEX. 



BY FRED. V. THEOBALD, M.A., BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON, ENGLAND. 



Amongst a number of CulicidK sent me by Professor Kellogg from 

 California, collected by himself and the students of Leland Stanford 

 Junior University, is a very distinct new Cnlex, w^hich is here described 

 as Ciiiex Kelloggii. 



The collection contained several interesting species besides this one, 

 including a new Anopheles, called by Professor Kellogg Anopheles 

 /ranciscattus ; specimens of the European Theobaldia anmdata, Meigen, 

 and the marked Theobaldia incidens, Thomson, and several others, which 

 he will refer to elsewhere, including another new Culex. It may be here 

 pointed out that Coquillett's Culex Curriei, now included in my new genus 

 Grabhamia, is very closely allied to Grabhamia dorsalis, Mg. It is, 

 hov/ever, a smaller and thicker set insect, and has the last hind tarsus 

 white. This collection also included a series of Curriei, as well as 

 Anopheles maculipennis, Mg., and A. punctipennis, Say. The A. 

 viaculipennis are smaller than they usually occur in Europe. 



Culex Kelloggii, nov. sp. — -Thorax brown, with rich reddish-brown 

 scales showing linear arrangement, two small pale spots, some rows of 

 gray scales behind and on the scutellum. Proboscis black, with a white 

 band. Abdomen black, with basal white bands and lateral spots. Legs 

 black ; femora pale at base, with a white line or row of spots, also the 

 tibise, with a line of white spots. Metatarsi and tarsi showing apical- 

 and basal white banding ; last hind tarsus with a black median band or 

 all white. Wings unspotted. 



^ . — Head brown, clothed with narrow-curved gray scales in the mid- 

 dle and behind, white ones forming a border around the eyes, brown ones 

 between ; at the sides small flat white scales, in the middle are numerous 

 ochraceous upright forked scales, laterally the upright forked scales are 

 black, two long brown bristles project forward between the eyes. Palpi 

 black-scaled, with some large white scales at the apex, and some forming 




212 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 



a ring near the base ; apex, etc., with a few dark bristles ; proboscis 

 black, with a prominent white band ; antenna' black, basal and second 

 joints dark, testaceous, the basal joint with white scales internally ; clypeus 

 brown. Thorax brownish-black, with rich reddish-brown narrow-curved 

 scales, and a few broader gray ones at the sides in front, and some 

 arranged in lines behind the mesonotum, on its surface are two small pale 

 spots, two of the posterior white lines being continued back from them, two 

 short, broader ones are situated in front of the bare space before the scutel- 

 lum; the reddish-brown scales have a linear arrangement, due to two promi- 

 nent median bare lines; bristles black; scutellum brown, with narrow-curved 

 pale scales and brown border-bristles ; metanotum deep brown ; pleura 

 brown, with some gray scales. Abdomen black, with basal white 

 bands and white lateral spots and brown border-bristles ; apex 

 bristly ; venter yellowish-brown, with scattered gray scales. Legs 

 black, banded, striped and spotted in lines with white ; base of femora 

 gray to dull ochraceous, pale ventrally, with a row of white spots 

 above, almost forming a white line ; apex with a white spot ; tibife also 

 with a row of white spots, forming almost a line, apex white ; fore and 

 mid metatarsi and tarsi with narrow apical and basal yellowish bands, 

 except the last tarsal segment ; in the hind legs the metatarsi and tarsi 

 have broad, almost white bands, the last tarsal in some specimens being 

 almost all white ; ungues equal and simple. Wings with the veins very 

 densely scaled with typical brown Culex scales ; those at the base of the 

 third long vein thicker, forming a small, rather obscure, dark spot ; first 

 submarginal cell longer and considerably narrower than the second 

 posterior cell, its base slightly nearer the base of the wing, its stem about 

 one-third of the length of the cell ; stem of the second posterior cell about 

 two-thirds the length of the cell ; posterior cross-vein not quite its own 

 length distant from the mid cross-vein ; fringe dark brown ; halteres 

 testaceous, knob darkened. 



Length. — 5 to 5.5 mm. 



^ . — Palpi brown, the last two joints nearly as long as the ante- 

 penultimate, the penultimate slightly shorter than the apical ; the last two 

 joints with long brown hairs on each side, also on one side, of the apex of 

 ante-penultimate joint ; there is a narrow pale band at the base of the 

 last two joints and also near the base of the long ante-penultimate joint ; 

 proboscis black, with a narrow white band on the base of the apical half; 

 antennae banded black and white, with flaxen plume-hairs. The head with 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 213 



more gray scales than in the 9 . Thorax and abdomen as in the 9  

 Legs as in the 9 ; ungues of the fore and mid legs unequal, both 

 uniserrated, of the hind legs equal and simple. Wings narrow ; the fork- 

 cells short ; the first submarginal longer and narrower than the second 

 posterior, its stem more than half the length of the cell ; stem of the 

 second posterior as long as the cell ; posterior cross-vein about its own 

 length distant from the mid cross-vein. 



Length. — 5 to 5.5 mm. 



Habitat. — Stanford University, California. 



Time of Capture. — September and October. 



Observations. — Described from a series of 5 9 s and \ $?, sent me 

 by Professor Kellogg. It is a very marked species, but presents at first 

 sight a resemblance to Culex tceniorhynchus, Wiedemann. It differs, 

 however, in (i) having the legs apically and basally pale banded, {2) in 

 their being marked with lines or lines of spots, and (3) in the simple, not 

 uniserrated, ungues in the 9 (4), in die structure of the $ palpi, etc. 

 Moreover, a hasty examination will show that this species is not nearly so 

 compactly built as in tceniorhynchus. The specimens show some variation, 

 both in regard to the thoracic adornment and in the leg ornamentation. 

 One 9 has no signs of the two small pale thoracic spots, and the last hind 

 tarsal in one appears almost white, and in others the median dark band 

 is very broad, making the tarsal segment almost all dark coloured. 



PREOCCUPIED NAMES. 

 In the Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, Vol. 29, No. 2, 1903, pp. 168-169, 

 Mr. Chas. Robertson creates, among other new genera in the Megachilidae, 

 Gnathodon and Ceratias. Both names have been previously used : 

 Gnathodon, Rang., 1834 — Mollusca. 

 Gnathodon., Gray, 1836 — Mollusca. 

 Gnathodon., Jard., 1845 — Aves. 

 Ceratias, Kroycov, 1845 — Pisces. 



E. S. G. Titus, Washington, D. C. 



Corrigenda. — Page 191 (July Can. Ent.), fourth line from bottom, 

 for Eyrtominum read Cyrtomitim ; and second line from bottom, for 

 trimula read treniula. 




214 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



A NEW CAPS ID. 



BY CHARLES STEVENSON, MONTREAL.* 



Lygus Chagnoni, n. sp. — This species of the genus Lygiis is of a form 

 near to L. pabulinus^ Linn., in appearance. 



It is ovate, convex, bright green in Hving specimens, with irregular 

 purplish-brown markings at the base of the membrane, smooth and 

 without bristles, and a silky pubescence on the sides of the pronotum, 

 which has an orange-yellow border next the head, shading backwards in 

 narrow lines into the green coloration, so as to make the green appear in 

 broad bands. 



Head polished and uniformly orange-yellow. Eyes large and 

 prominent, and of so dark a brown colour as to appear black. 



Antennfe slender and long, brown, with shades of orange-yellow. 

 Basal joint uniform yellow, second joint slightly thickens and becomes 

 brown towards the tip, the remaining joints dark brown, becoming much 

 darker towards the end of the last one, which is very dark. 



Scutellum convex, smooth, and of a deeper green than the wings. 

 Wings uniformly green on the corium, clavus and cuneus, the mem- 

 branes paler and somewhat transparent, with irregular purplish-brown 

 markings. At the meeting of the corium, there is a purplish-brown V. 



Abdrmen pale apple-green, with marked silvery pubescence, in the 

 form of dashes and dots at the joints, the genital pieces green, with slight 

 rusty tinge on the margins. 



Legs pale green, the coxa, trochanter, as also the mesoscutum, very 

 pale, without any spots or markings. 



Length to the end of abdomen, 4.0 mm.; to the tip of the membrane, 

 5.0 mm.; width of pronotum, 1.25 mm. 



Described from three specimens, one caught by Mr. G. Chagnon, in 

 Rouville Co., Que., iithjuly, 1902, and two by myself on Montreal 

 Island, 14th July, 1902. 



I take pleasure in naming this species after my friend, Mr. G. 

 Chagnon, as a slight token of my appreciation of his companionship in our 

 collecting trips and his great assistance in the identification of species and 

 in my entomological work generally. 



*Read before a meeting of the Montreal Branch, Ent. Soc. of Ont., 9th February, 

 1903. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 215 



NOTES ON FIVE SPECIES OF MEGACHILE. 



BV T. D. A. COCKERELL, EAST LAS VEGAS, N. I\I. 



I have spent more time timn I like to think about identifying bees of 

 the genus Megachile, so I have no apology to make for offering some 

 notes which will, I hope, make the process easier for others : 



MegacJiilc frugalis, Cresson. — This species was described from the 

 male. I have before me a female collected by Dr. Davidson at Lancaster, 

 California. It practically agrees with the description of M. zaptlana, 

 Cresson, V > except that it has no lines of white pubescence on the thorax. 

 M. occidetita/is, Fox, 9 > is very similar, and has the lines of white 

 pubescence, but it has a different clypeal margin, and the very scanty 

 hair on the disc of the clypeus is white. In M. frugalls, ^ , the clypeus 

 has long black hair ; the ventral scopa is creamy white, black on the last 

 segment. These bees are all of the elongate narrow type. The anterior 

 margin of the clypeus mfnigalis, $, can hardly be called excavated, but 

 presents three gently-rounded prominences, the margin between them 

 being slightly concave. 



Megachile ino?itivaga, Cresson. — At flowers of Touret'ea decapetala 

 (Sims), Raton, N. M., Aug. 27, one 9 (W. P. Cockerell). Length nearly 

 14 millim. An Illinois sample is smaller (about 12^ millim.), and has 

 the thorax more densely punctured. The species resembles M. relativa, 

 Cr., but is larger and less shining, and the abdominal bai.ds are pure 

 white. A variety of M. montivaga, with more conspicuous black hair on 

 the dark parts of the abdomen, was taken by Prof. Townsend at flowers 

 of Potejitilla Thurberi, on the Rio Ruidoso, N. M., about 6,500 ft., Aug. i. 

 Megachile hiimica, Cresson. — Las Vegas, N. M., one male at flowers 

 of Verbena Macdougali, Aug. 9 (W. Porter). This is Sayi, Cresson, 

 said by Robertson to be a synonym of inunica. In our specimen the 

 tegulfe are very dark brown. The insect has a long, nari;ow abdomen, and 

 looks superficially like M. occidentalis, Fox. Upon closer study it is seen 

 to be really nearer to M. pngnata, Say, from which it is easily distin- 

 guished by the hollow process on first tarsal joint being fringed along its 

 whole length with dark fuscous hair ; in pugnata the basal two-fifths is 

 densely fringed with black hair, and the portion beyond has a short fuscous 

 comb. 



Megachile pruina, Smith. — Chaves, N. AL, Aug. 6, two males 

 {Towtisend) ; Mesilla Park, N. M., one male at flowers of Isocoma 

 Wrighiii, Sept. 11 {Porter and Cockerell); near Los Angeles and 




216 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



Catalina Island, California {A. Davidson). This gives the species a very 

 wide range in the south-west, and while it must be confessed that the 

 specimens are not all alike, I am unable to detect anything more than 

 individual variation. 



Megac/ii/e mendica., Cresson. — 5- Length about 12-133^ millim. ; 

 abdomen shovel-shaped ; ventral scopa orange, including last segment ; 

 white on basal half of second segment. 



Gallinas River, at Las Valles, N. M., Aug. 6 {Porter and Cockerell). 

 Another is from flowers of Verhascum t/iapsus, Rio Ruidoso, White Mts., 

 N. M., 6,900 ft., July 23 [Townsend). The scopa of the latter is full of 

 orange pollen. 



The New Mexico specimens agree with an Illinois J from Robertson. 

 M. mendica looks like a small M. lattviafins, having the same form and 

 general coloration. In latimanus the scutellum is covered with pale 

 ochreous hair, and the mesothorax broadly bordered with the same, so 

 that the black hair is confined to the central part. In tnendica the light 

 hair of the head and thorax is white, and the scutellum and mesothorax 

 (except the margins of the latter narrovvlyy are thinly clothed with black 

 hair. In both the thorax, though closely punctured, is shining. In 

 latima7ius tlie vertex is mostly, or wholly, clothed with pale hair, in 

 inendica it is clothed with black. In both the basal joint of the hind 

 tarsi is broad, and clothed on the inner side with orange hair. The 

 mandibles are similar in both, except that they are less produced in 

 ine?idica. In mendica the first recurrent nervure enters the second sub- 

 marginal cell much further from its base than the second does from its 

 apex ; this is not usually the case in latimanus. 



M. mendica resembles M. relativa in the colour and arrangement of 

 the hair on the head and thorax, but relativa is a narrower bee, with a 

 conspicuously narrower face. The abdominal bands in relativa are 

 yellowish, in mendica they are white. 



The Mediterranean Flour Moth, Epliestia kuehniella, has been sent 

 to me recently from Seattle, Washmgton, and Honeoye Falls, N. Y. As 

 far as I know, this is the first time the pest has been recorded from the 

 State of Washington. I have specimens of matted flour and larvse from 

 Arthur, Ont., Canada. In each case reports are made that the insect is 

 doing serious damage to the milling business by matting and clogging up 

 spouts and elevators with flour. The moth seems to be slowly and 

 steadily spreading over the U. S. and Canada. 



W. G. Johnson, New York. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 217 



A NEW OAK-GALL. 



BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, EAST LA.S VEGAS, N. MEX. 



DryopJianta rydbergiana, n. sp, — Gall: on leaf of Querais rydber- 

 gia7ia, Ckll. (Torreya, Jan., 1903) ; solitary, 6 mm. diameter, spherical, 

 faintly shiny, light ferruginous, with a microscopically tessellate surface and 

 a scattered stellate pubescence ; base concave, point of attachment small; 

 contains a single large cell ; the space between the cell and the exterior 

 filled with spongy tissue, which is light green within and ferruginous out- 

 wardly. 



Fly (cut from gall): 9. — Body 2}^ mm. long, stout, jet black, 

 smooth, neither punctured nor conspicuously hairy ; mesothorax and 

 scutellum with a few scattered hairs ; front and vertex minutely tessellate ; 

 no frontal groove ; middle ocellus somewhat depressed ; face without 

 carinae; malar space long, wrinkled; flagellum black, 12-jointed, the last 

 five joints (at least) longitudinally grooved; whole flagellum hairy; first 

 flagellar joint about one-fourth longer than second ; basal joints of 

 antennse dark red ; the small first joint punctate ; the second much 

 swollen. Parapsidal grooves deep and strong, complete, converging 

 posteriorly ; scutellum large and swollen, longitudinally keeled, with a 

 depression on each side anteriorly ; anterior margin of scutellum raised 

 into a sharp edge ; posterior part coarsely cancellate. jNIetathoracic 

 ridges very widely divergent caudad. Legs red ; tarsi hairy ; claws of 

 posterior legs simple; wings hyaline, not spotted, but hairy; veins 

 strongly marked with dark brown; marginal vein not quite attaining costa; 

 areolet present. Ovipositor black, concealed ; ventral spine red, covered 

 with long ferruginous hairs. 



Hab. — Las Vegas Hot Springs, N. M., about 7,000 feet, March 21, 

 1903. The gall was on a leaf of last year, the leaves of Q. rydbergia/ia 

 remaining on the bush, though turning brown. 



This insect is placed in Diyoplumta, because it seems on the whole 

 to go there best, but it does not exactly agree with any described Ameri- 

 can genus. In Mayr's table, given by Cresson, it runs to Biorhiza, but it 

 does not belong there. The gall is like that of Amphibolips. 




218 THE CANADUN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



CULEX CONSOBRINUS AGAIN. 



BY D. W. COQUILLETT, WASHINGTON, D.C. 



In ihe July number of the C.\n.\dian ENroMoi.ooiST, Prof. J. M. 

 Aldrich attempted to rescue Dr. Williston's Cidex iiiornatus from the 

 synonymy by referring the true Culex eonsobrifius, Desvoidy, as a syn- 

 onym of Culex pipiens, Linne, and denying that any of the other species 

 which the writer originally placed in the synonymy of cofisobririus is 

 identical with inornatns. 



Desvoidy did not give a separate description of his consobrinus, but 

 compared it with what he identified as pipiens, observing that it differed 

 in having the palpi and tarsi " brunicosis, non flavis." Desvoidy was 

 noted for his erroneous identifications of previously described species, and 

 that he mistook some larger species for the true pipiens, seems to admit 

 of no doubt, since the measurement he gives, '• long. 3 lineas," is too long 

 for the latter, all the specimens of which in the National Museum fall short 

 of 2.5 lines. His measurements are usually accurate, as may be gleaned 

 from those he gave of such strongly-marked, easily-recognized forms as 

 Cuiex t?iosqiiiio, Anopheles inaadipennis, A. argyriiarsis, Psorophora 

 ciliata, etc., all of which are within the range of the specimens of the given 

 species. He gave the same measurement for consobrinus as for pipiens, 

 and in deciding what species the former refers to it is necessary to find a 

 species which is larger than the true pipiens, has the ground colour he 

 gave for pipiens, " cinereo-subflavescens. Thorax, dorso-levitor fulves- 

 cente," and that inhabits Pennsylvania, the locality given for consobrinus. 

 Up to the present time we knovv of only one species that fills all of these 

 requirements, and this is the form which I have identified as consobrinus. 



Even if I erred in this identification, there are still at least two other 

 names that stand in the way of Dr. Williston's Culex inornatus, namely, 

 C. impatiens, Walker, the type of which Mr. Theobald states agrees in 

 nearly all respects with what I have identified as consobrinus, except in 

 the abdominal banding, and this was not of sufficient importance to cause 

 him to regard it as representing a distinct species ; and C. pinguis. 

 Walker, which Mr. Theobald admits may be synonymous with conso- 

 brinus. 



As I hope to review this subject more at length in a forthcoming 

 monograph, it need not be enlarged upon here ; sufficient facts have been 

 given above to fully disprove Mr. Aldrich's contention in relation to the 

 true Culex consobrinus of Desvoidy. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 219 



A SUPPOSED MIGRATION OF PIERID.E WITNESSED IN 

 VENEZUELA IN THE SUMMER OF igor. 



BY AUSTIN H. CLARK, HARVARD UNIVERSITY, CAMBRIDGE, MASS. 



The erratic migrations of certain insects, often in countless swarms, 

 have been noticed and put on record by many observers. In a country 

 where, perhaps, they are scarce, or, it may be, almost wanting ordinarily, 

 they may suddenly put in an appearance in such numbers as to defy all 

 attempts at computation ; or immense swarms of them may sometimes be 

 seen far out at sea, flying steadily in a direction which may take them out 

 so far as to effectually prevent any return. 



To show the frequency of this phenomenon, it is only necessary to 

 mention a few cases. The best known, perhaps, or, at any rate, the most 

 familiar, is that of the locust. Large areas of growing crops have been 

 totally ruined and well-to-do people reduced to poverty through the 

 sudden and wholly unexpected appearance of this unwelcome visitor. 

 Many years may pass with no sign of these insects, and then they come, 

 bringing destruction with them. Among the Neuroptera, the dragon-flies, 

 especially the species JEschna bonariensis of southern South America, seem 

 to be especially subject to these migrations. In these swarms, according 

 to Hudson,* who studied them in the Argentine, all the larger species 

 associate together, and universally fly down the wind, coming commonly 

 from five to fifteen minutes before a burst of the cold, dry south-west 

 " pampero." Weissenbornf describes a great migration of dragon-flies 

 which he witnessed in Germany in the year 1839, and also mentions a 

 similar phenomenon occurring in 1816, which extended over a large 

 portion of Europe. But this habit seems to be of commonest occurrence 

 among the Lepidoptera. Among others, Wallace mentions seeing a vast 

 congregation of Pieridae in the Indian Ocean, and Maynard a swarm of 

 Danaidpe f'/^/zfj/a ^^r^;2?V^j off the coast of Florida. It is now recognized 

 as a more or less regular proceeding on the part of some species or 

 groups, especially among the Pieridae, to congregate and perform long 

 journeys without any apparent aim. 



While approaching the coast of Venezuela in the month of June, 

 1 90 1, I was struck by the numbers of Pieridas passed, not in great swarms, 

 but in numerous small loose bunches, which began to appear even before 

 the mountainous coast could be well made out. All these insects were 



*The iVaturalist on the La Plata, Chapter IX. 

 fLoudon's Magazine of Natural History, N. S. III. 




220 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



headed toward the north-east, directly against the trades. Although I was 

 familiar with the fact that commonly the Pieridie are the first butterflies 

 with which one meets when approaching land, and had tested the truth of 

 it while nearing the coast of Portugal, and also off the Azores, I did not 

 suppose that they regularly occurred in such abundance as I found them 

 here in the Caribbean. In fact, it had been my experience to only meet 

 with a half-dozen or so when approaching land. But here the steamer 

 continually passed by straggling bunches of them, all flying north-east, out 

 to sea. As we neared the shore, they became more common, and when 

 at last I landed and looked up on the mountain-side above La Guaira, 

 there were thousands of them. The whole mountain-side was thickly 

 dotted with specks of yellow and orange, which kept moving steadily on, 

 in an easterly direction, rarely pausing, following, apparently, the line of 

 the coast, and going in the same general direction from which came the 

 trade winds. 



On the next day, from the car window of the little train which runs 

 from La Guaira to Caracas, over a roadbed from which are obtained 

 glimpses of great gorges filled with tropical vegetation, as well as of the 

 parched and barren mountain-sides, destitute of life save for a few gaunt 

 post-cacti and scraggy thorn bushes, I saw thousands of butterflies of this 

 group, all moving steadily, like the waters of a great river, toward the 

 east. In many cases I thought I saw the insects flying in another 

 direction. Often I was sure some were flying west, but on taking my 

 bearings I invariably found that my calculations were at fault, and that all 

 the butterflies were moving east. There is, perhaps, no railroad in the 

 world on which a man is so often at a loss to know just where are the 

 cardinal points of the compass. The sun gives no clue during the hotter 

 hours, at the season when I was there, as it is practically in the middle 

 of the sky; and the whole journey is simply a succession of curves, this 

 way and that, so confusing that many times I could not realize the 

 compass had not succeeded in some way in getting out of order and 

 reversing, or at least seriously changing its position with respect to the 

 magnetic pole. Over the mountain-sides and across the valleys Pieridjs 

 could be seen, always near the ground, yet rarely alighting, and invariably 

 travelling eastward. 



While at Caracas I made many excursions into the surrounding 

 country for butterflies, and from the hilltops there I could watch the steady 

 migration, although here the numbers were very much less than at La 

 Guaira, 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 221 



On the way back to La Giiaira, as well as while staying there, I made 

 a careful study of the constituents of this vast throng. The most notice- 

 able fact was that practically all were males. In fact, I saw but two or 

 three females, and these were at a little roadside station, halfway between 

 the two towns. I am almost certain that these were not members of the 

 general tide, for they were flitting, to all appearance, aimlessly about, 

 and did not evince that peculiar haste to move onward so noticeable in 

 the others. 



During my stay at Caracas I collected a number of PieridsB of several 

 species, and of both sexes, in the meadows near the bank of the river 

 which flows by the city. These seemed not to be affected by the general 

 movement, and acted just as the members of the group ordinarily do. 



The most abundant species by far, making up between one-half and 

 three-quarters of the flight, was Callidryas eiibule. Of the remainder, 

 Phxbis argante was the commonest, with a close third in ApJirissa 

 statira. Here and there could be seen Callidryas philca. Once or twice 

 I thought I could make out C. cipris, but could not feel certain of the 

 identification. I make no mention, of course, of others of the group, as 

 Pontia mo7iuste and Gonepteryx clorinde, which, though common, did not 

 seem to take any part in the migration. 



A few days later, while coasting along to the port of Carupano, I 

 continually saw the butterflies singly and in little bands out over the sea. 



From Carupano I went to the island of Margarita, where I stayed for 

 over three weeks. Here it was a noticeable fact that all the Pieridre were 

 resident in the little grassy patches, in which they apparently had been 

 bred and stayed all their lives ; and here males and females were observed 

 in normal proportions. Without doubt, the island was receiving its 

 share of wanderers from the mainland, but those there showed no inclina- 

 tion to leave, and were never found outside of the restricted localities 

 where they made their homes. 



When I left the island I coasted along the shore as far as Trinidad 

 (B. W. I.), but did not observe anything of the swarms I had seen near 

 La Guaira ; and it may be mentioned here that neither about Carupano 

 nor at any part of the coast were the insects found so abundantly as at 

 and near La Guaira. 



There are two possible explanations of the facts just stated : Either 

 that this is the regular habit of these butterflies, to keep constantly moving 

 eastward during the imago state, or that it was an unusual migration. 




222 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



Further observation will prove which view is correct. But I have seen 

 nothing to show that this is the ordinary mode of procedure for Pieridse in 

 this region ; and from the immense numbers observed, it seems to me 

 that it was one of those pecuh'ar migrations to which this group seems to 

 be particularly subject, started, perhaps, by some chance few down toward 

 Puerto Cabello, or, it may be, as far as Coro, which picked up more and 

 more as they went on, until when they arrived in the vicinity of La Guaira 

 their numbers were beyond calculation, all the later additions to the 

 multitude taking the same direction of flight as that adopted by the 

 originators of the movement. 



Perhaps the course taken was at first an expression of positive 

 anemotaxis — a flight against the prevailing wind. But later the sense of 

 direction seems to have become so firmly fixed that they moved east even 

 v/hen in the sheltered valleys or in gorges where the direction of the wind 

 was changed. 



This is, in brief, what it was my lot to witness while in Northern 

 Venezuela; and it is much to be hoped that others who chance to be in 

 that locality at some future date will make notes of their experiences with 

 the butterflies mentioned, and prove conclusively whether this was a 

 normal condition of affairs or an extraordinary chapter in the history of 

 insect life in this region. 



-o' 



NEW APOIDEA FROM MONTANA. 



BV AUSTIN W. MORRILL, PH. D., MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL 



COLLEGE, AMHERST, MASS, 



BombiiS Cooieyi, n. sp. — ?. Length, 16-17 r""^- Integument 

 black ; clothing black, yellowish white, pale ochreous yellow and rusty 

 yellow. Head, seen from in front, about as wide as long. Malar space 

 about one-sixth the length of eye. Third segment of antenna one-half 

 longer than fourth, and scarcely longer than fifth. Face thickly clothed 

 with pale yellowish-white hair, on the sides mixed with black. Vertex 

 clothed with yellowish-white hair, which is fringed in front with black. 

 Cheeks clothed with brownish-black, sometimes slightly mixed with 

 whitish, hair. Clypeus shining, sparsely punctured, labrum fringed on 

 free edge with rusty yellow hair. Clothing of thorax above, and on sides 

 yellowish white, mixed with black in front of insertion of wings. A broad 

 patch of black between the wings surrounds the smooth, polished 

 mesothoracic disc and extends back in a point over the middle of 

 metathorax. On each side of metathorax is a tuft of yellowish white hair. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 223 



On sides of propodseum the yellowish-white hair is more or less mixed 

 with black. Coxae, trochanters and bases of femora on inner side with 

 whitish hair. Clothing of femora elsewhere brownish black. Corbiculse 

 rusty yellow. Integument of posterior tibi?e dark brown ; of tarsi light 

 yellowish-brown. Tarsi clothed with fine, bright yellowish-brown 

 pubescence. Wings slightly stained with brown, nervures brown. 



Dorsal surface of abdomen : First segment clothed on each side with 

 a tuft of ochreous-yellow pubescence, the space between being bare, or 

 nearly so ; second segment clothed with black, slightly mixed with 

 yellowish, except apical sides, where pubescence is pale ochreous-yellow; 

 third segment clothed similarly to second segment, except on extreme 

 sides, where the pubescence is also pale ochreous-yellow ; fourth segment 

 entirely clothed with pale ochreous-yellow pubescence ; fifth segment 

 clothed with black, more or less mixed with yellowish pubescence and 

 with a yellowish fringe on apical margin ; sixth segment scantily clothed 

 with short black and brownish hair, at apex, brownish, velvety. Ventral 

 surface : Segments two, three, four and five are fringed apically with 

 yellowish-white hair. Specimens from Prof R. A. Cooley, taken at 

 Middle Cr. Canon, Bridgen Canon and Bozeman (elev. 4,800 ft.), Mon- 

 tana, in June and July, 1899, and July, 1901, respectively. 



Colour variety A. Differs from type only in following details of 

 colour : clothing of second and third abdominal segments above, entirely 

 black, except for a few yellow hairs on apical sides of third segment. 



From Prof R. A. Cooley, taken at Bridger Mt., Montana, elev. 6,000 

 ft., June, 1899. 



Colour variety B. Differs from type only in colour of clothing of 

 third abdominal segment above, which is entirely ochreous-yellow, except 

 for a narrow band of black extending along the middle of the dorsum, 

 from the anterior to posterior margin of the segment, and a few black hairs 

 on the sides. 



From Prof. R. A. Cooley, taken at Bozeman, Montana, elev. 4,800 

 ft., June, 1 90 1. 



Described from three $ specimens ; one, the type deposited in the 

 collection of the Mass. Agric. College ; co-types deposited, one at the U. 

 S. Nat. Museum and one in the collection of the Montana Agricultural 

 College. Varieties A and B were described from one 9 specimen of 

 each, both in the collection of the Mass. Agric. College. 



I take pleasure in naming this species after my friend, Prof R. A. 

 Cooley, of the Montana Agric. College. 




224 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



Bombiis atrifascintus, n. sp. — $. Length, 1734 nim. Black, 

 clothed with unusually fine and long, black and pale yellowish-white 

 hair. Head, seen from in front, considerably longer than broad.* Eyes 

 comparatively small. Malar space about one-half the length of eye. 

 Face broad. Third segment of antenna slightly longer than fifth ; fifth a 

 little longer than fourth. Clypeus strongly arched, shining, sparsely and 

 rather coarsely punctured on sides. Labrum deeply cleft, sparsely clothed 

 with brownish pubescence. Head clothed with brownish-black pubescence, 

 mixed with whitish between bases of antennae. Thorax clothed with 

 pale yellowish-white pubescence, except a broad oval band of black 

 between the wings. Coxa?, trochanters and bases of femora of first and 

 second pairs of legs clothed with whitish pubescence ; femora elsewhere 

 than at base, tibiae and tarsi clothed with reddish-brown pubescence. 

 Coxas, trochanters and femora of third pair of legs clothed with long 

 yellowish-white hair ; corbiculifi rusty yellow, inner side of first tarsal seg- 

 ment light brown, hind tarsi elsewhere clothed with very fine yellowish 

 pubescence. Integument of legs brownish black. Wings stained with 

 brown, nervures dark brown. Abdomen rather robust. Dorsal surface : 

 segments one, two, four and five clothed with pale yellowish-white 

 pubescence ; extreme sides and lateral portions of the posterior margin of 

 segment three clothed with pale yellowish white, remainder of three 

 clothed with brownish-black pubescence ; segment six sparsely clothed 

 with short brownish yellow pubescence, velvety at apex. Ventral sur- 

 face : segments two, three, four and five are fringed apically with pale 

 yellowish-white hairs, much longer on sides than in the middle ; segment 

 six clothed at apex with brownish-yellow, velvety pubescence. 



Described from one $ specimen from Prof R. A. Cooley, taken at 

 Gallatin Co., Montana, elev. 9,400 ft., collected in July, 1900. Deposited 

 in collection of Mass. Agric. College. 



Psithynis latitarsus, n. sp. — 9- Length 19-20 mm. Integument 

 black, clothing black and yellow. Head seen from in front, a little longer 

 than broad. Malar space about one-fourth the length of eye. Clypeus 

 punctate. Third and fifth segments of antenna subequal, fourth segment 

 about two-thirds as long as third. Clothing of head black, slightly mixed 

 with yellow on vertex. Clothing of thorax brownish-yellow, except a 

 narrow band of black between the wings and a little black on sides of 



*In the type, ihe length of the head, measured from vertex to lia.se of the lahrum, 

 i.s 6 mm.; breadth 5 mm. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 225 



propodceum. Wings subhyaline, smoky brown, nervures brown. Legs, 

 except tarsi, clothed with black and brownish-black pubescence. First 

 tarsal segments clothed with brownish-black, except inner sides and tips, 

 which with the four following tarsal segments are clothed with brownish- 

 yellow pubescence, darkest on inner side of first tarsal segments. Length 

 of metatarsus about two and one-half times its greatest width, posterior 

 edge strongly arcuated. 



Dorsal surface of abdomen : Clothing sparse and short ; black and 

 pale lemon-yellow, the hair of the former colour usually tipped with brown- 

 ish or yellowish, more noticeable on posterior margins of the segments. 

 Pubescence on first segment black, sometimes mixed with yellow on the 

 sides ; on second segment black ; on third segment black, with more or 

 less yellow on sides posteriorly ; on fourth segment entirely yellow, except 

 for a patch of black on middle of basal half, which may or may not extend 

 in a point to apex of segment ; on fifth segment black except extreme 

 sides, which are yellow ; terminal segment naked except for a very fine 

 brownish velvet-like pubescence below and on sides above ventral sur- 

 face of abdomen ; segments one to five have an apical fringe of black 

 hairs. 'From each side of apical segment below arises an angular, keel-like 

 process, which is directed outwards and downwards^ the two converging 

 posteriorly, becoming less pronounced, and disappear near the tip of the 

 segment. From above these keel-like processes can be plainly seen 

 extending outwardly from the sides of the apical segment. 



Described from nine $ specimens from Prof. R. A. Cooley, taken at 

 Gallatin Co., and Bozeman, Montana. Type deposited in collection of 

 Mass. Agric. College. Co-types at Mass. Agric. College, U. S. Nat. 

 Museum, and at Montana Agric. College. 



This species in colour, general form and size resembles P. {usu/aris, 

 Smith ; but the two cannot be even closely related, as will be seen from 

 the following partial description of the latter species : 



Malar space about one-third length of eye. A tuft of yellow on head 

 just above insertion of antenna?, another on vertex, and sometimes a very 

 small one between insertion of antennae — all fringed with black. Meta- 

 tarsus about three times as long as its greatest breadth, posterior margin 

 nearly straight. Apical segment of abdomen below with a simple rounded 

 swelling on each side, not projecting enough to be noticed from above. 



I have examined thirteen ^ specimens of P. insularis from Montana 

 and one from New Hampshire (Durham.), all of which agree with Smith's 




226 



THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



description of the species. One of these specimens was sent to Washing- 

 ton, D. C, where it was compared by Mr. Ashmead with a specimen of 

 P. insularis, determined by Cresson, and was found to agree. 



P. latitarsus, n. sp., also resembles P. cawpestris of Europe in 

 colour, but can be readily separated from it by the broader metatarsus 

 and the structure of the ventral side of the terminal abdominal segment. 



Fig. 9. 



Fig. 10. 



Fig. II. 



Fig. 12. 



Fig. 9. — Psiihyrus latitajsus, n. sp.; side view of terminal segment of 

 abdomen. 



Fig. 10. — Psitliyrus insular is, Smith; side view of terminal segment 

 of abdomen. 



leg. 



Fig. II. — Psithyrus latitarsits, n. sp.; tarsal segments of left hind 



Fig. 12. — Psithyrus i/isularis, Smith; tarsal segments of left hind leg. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 227 



SOME NEW NORTH AMERICAN HOMOPTERA. 



BY E. B. BALL, AG. COLLEGE, LOGAN, UTAH. 



Phlepsius coliitus, n. sp. — ^Q?,Qm\A\ng fuividorsum, but smaller and 

 paler. Colour fulvous, elytra brown, with two imperfect light bands. 

 Length, $ , 6 mm.; width 2 mm. Vertex short, obtusely rounded, but 

 little longer on middle than against eye, three times wider than long ; disc 

 convex ; the anterior margin distinct, but not sharply angled ; elytra 

 rather long and narrow ; venation distinct, claval veins separate, parallel. 

 Colour : vertex fulvous, sometimes with faint brownish mottling ; face 

 uniform dull brown ; pronotum fulvous, usually mottled vvith brown on the 

 disc ; scutellum fulvous. Elytra pale, heavily inscribed with brown, 

 omitting three spots on the sutural margin, an oblong area just inside the 

 costa on the apical half, and a pair of oblique bands starting from the first 

 and last sutural spots, which are milky white. In the lightest specimens 

 the brown tends to run together into dark blotches on the costa and 

 between the white spots on the suture. Genitalia, female segment twice 

 the length of the penultimate, the lateral angles obtuse, the posterior 

 margin roundingly produced on the median third, and strongly notched 

 in the middle. Disc of the segment fulvous, the posterior margin on each 

 side of the slit black, the lateral angles light. 



Described from three females from Ames, Iowa. This species has 

 long been confused with ftdvidorsKin, but is readily distinguished by the 

 shorter head and distinct genitalia. 



Phlepsius Uppulus, n. sp. — Form oi fidvidorsum nearly, but slightly 

 smaller, and with a shorter vertex. Colour milky white, with three brown 

 bands. Length 5.5 mm.; width 1.75 mm. Vertex nearly right-angled, 

 one-third longer on middle than against the eye, twice wider than long, 

 acutely angled with front, the margin distinct, except near the eyes. 

 Front rather narrow, margins straight. Pronotum long, strongly angled in 

 front, disc convex in both diameters. Elytra rather narrow, the venation 

 obscure. Colour : vertex pale orange, an ivory white median line on tip, 

 with a pair of oval brownish spots adjoining it, and a pair of black dots 

 on the margin, nearly half way to the eyes. Face pale, slightly and 

 evenly irrorate with fulvous brown. Pronotum fulvous brown; the 

 anterior' submargin white. Scutellum fulvous brown; the oblique margins 

 light, interrupted with a pair of black spots. Elytra milky white, a 

 transverse fulvous brown band across the middle of clavus, another just 

 back of clavus and a narrow apical margin of brown. The second band 




228 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



forks on the middle of corium, and begins and ends in dark spots on tlie 

 margin. A round black dot in the middle of the anterior milky baud 

 against the claval suture. Genitalia : female segment moderately long, 

 half longer than the penultimate ; posterior margin nearly straight, slightly 

 roundingly produced on the median half 



Described from two female specimens from Biscayne Bay, Fla., 

 collected by Mrs. Annie T. Slosson. This is a beautiful and strikingly 

 distinct species. The milky-white elytra with the distinct brown bands will 

 readily separate it from any other broad-headed species. 



P/depsiiis paupercultis,n. sp. — Resembling aibidiis,h\\\. smaller and 

 with a sharper vertex. Colour pale greenish-white ; elytra faintly fuscous 

 marked. Length 3 mm.; width less than i mm. Vertex nearly as long 

 as pronotum, half wider than long, nearly right-angled before ; disc flat ; 

 anterior margin thick, slightly acutely angled with face. Face strongly 

 convex in profile ; pronotum short, wrinkled, depressed just back of the 

 anterior margin. Elytra short, broad ; venation indistinct. Colour : 

 pale greenish-white. Vertex sometimes pale yellowish- white. Elytra 

 pruinose, white or greenish-white, with a very few fuscous dots. Face and 

 beneath pale greenish-white. Genitalia : female segment rather long, 

 over twice the width of the penultimate ; posterior margin nearly straight, 

 the lateral angles rounding ; median fourth slightly produced and faintly 

 notched. 



Described from three specimens taken at Grand Junction, Colo,, by 

 E. P. Van Duzee and the author. 



Fhiepsius Franconiana, n. sp. — ^Resembling Uhleri, but larger, with 

 a more acutely angled vertex and a narrower head. Length, $ ^ 5 mm.; 

 width 1.4 mm. Vertex sloping in same plane as pronotum, slightly 

 transversely depressed, subangulate, with the margins distinct ; margins 

 subparallel. Face as in E. sirobi, the front slightly more flaring above 

 and with the base angled instead of rounding. Pronotum truncate, or very 

 slightly emarginate, its anterior margin strongly curved. Colour : vertex 

 and pronotum fawn colour, with light mottling. Scutellum testaceous, 

 with four white points in a triangle at apex. Elytra brown, with brownish 

 fuscous irrorations and reticulations, a broad, light band just back of 

 scutellum, a narrow line just before the apex of clavus, and an irregular 

 one just before the apex. The bands are strictly transverse, and the middle 

 one is slightly narrower than the brown one in front of it. The reticula- 

 tions are continued across the light areas. Face fawn colour, with 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 229 



fuscous irrorations and a white mark just under the apex of vertex. 

 Eyes red. Genitalia : male valve triangular, two-thirds the length of the 

 ultimate segment; plates long, triangular, their margins straight; apices 

 acute, two and one-half times the length of the valve, slightly exceeded 

 by the pygofers. The margins clothed with fine silky hairs, submargins 

 with coarse bristles arising from black spots. 



Described from one male from Franconia, New Hampshire, taken by 

 Mrs. Annie T. Slosson, and kindly sent me by Mr. Van Duzee. 



Thamnotettix waldana, n. sp. — Form and general appearance of 

 montana nearly, slightly larger and lacking the white markings of that 

 species. Testaceous brown ; the vertex and margins of elytra pale. 

 Length, 9, 5.5 mm.; ^, 5 mm. Vertex transversely depressed, one- 

 fourth longer on middle than against the eye, over twice wider than long, 

 broadly and evenly rounding to the front. Pronotum twice longer than 

 the vertex, rugose on the anterior submargin. Elytra rather long, narrow 

 and closely folded behind ; venation distinct, similar to that of belli. 



Colour rusty brown ; the vertex pale yellow, with a trace of rusty 

 brown near Base, sometimes forming a tranverse band in the male ; the 

 tips of the claval nervures and the costal margin of the elytra, from before 

 the middle to just before the tip, white. Face and below varying from 

 pale to nearly all fuscous. Genitalia : female segment rather long, 

 truncate, with a broad triangular notch containing a strap-shaped tooth as 

 long as the segment. Male valve short, obtusely rounding ; plates three 

 times as long as valve, rather long, spoon-shaped, the margins clothed 

 with long hairs. 



Described from sixteen specimens taken in North Park and Rico, 

 Colo., by the author. 



Thamnotettix orbo7iata, n. sp. — Resembling airidorsuin and infus- 

 cata in general form, but paler. Pale, smoky greenish, with a broad 

 rounding vertex. Length 5.25 mm. Vertex rounding to front, half as 

 long as its basal width, a little more than half the length of the pronotum, 

 one-third longer on middle than against the eye. Head slightly wider 

 than the pronotum ; front parallel margined, narrowing to the clypeus ; 

 clypeus narrow, constricted above the middle. Elytra much longer than 

 the abdomen, broad and flaring slightly behind. Venation as in 

 atridorsum. Colour pale green, slightly tinged with smoky brown. 

 Elytra subhyaline, slightly iridescent ; eyes dark ; ocelli deep green. 

 Genitalia : female segment short, over twice wider than long ; posterior 




230 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



margin very slightly sinuate ; ovipositor long, slightly exceeding the 

 rather slender pygofers. 



Described from two females from Biscayne Bay, Fla., collected by 

 Mrs. Slosson. 



Thamnotettix Sherniani, n. sp. — Resembling cyperacea in general 

 appearance. Slightly stouter, paler, with a double-lined vertex margin 

 and a deltocephaloid venation. Length 5.25 mm.; width 1.5 mm. Vertex 

 flat ; anterior margin obtusely angular, definitely and slightly acutely 

 angled with the front, a third longer on middle than against eye, half 

 wider than long. Elytra rather long, but with the apex broader than in 

 cyperacea. Venation distinct, strong ; two cross nervures between the 

 sectors ; the central anteaj^ical cell long, constricted and divided beyond 

 the middle. Colour : pale tawny, iridescent over a subolivaceous 

 ground. Vertex pale tawny-yellow ; anterior margin white, narrowly 

 margined above and below with black, the black line above almost con- 

 stricted into six dots. Elytra subhyaline with a slight tawny iridescence. 

 Face pale tawny, below pale straw. Genitalia : female segment rather 

 long ; posterior margin nearly straight; the lateral angles prominent. 



Described from one female taken at Raleigh, N. C, by Prof. 

 Franklin Sherman, who sent a number of fine Jassid^ for determination. 



Chlorotettix rugicol/is, n. sp. — Resembling spatnlatus^ but with a 

 broader vertex. Green, with a red band on the margin of vertex. Length 

 7 mm. Vertex broad, obtusely rounding, but little longer on middle than 

 against eye, two and one-half times longer than wide, evenly rounding to 

 front. Elytra rather long, the veins large and distinct. Colour : pale 

 green, a transverse red band on margin of vertex and front, sometimes 

 extending over the eyes. The male has the elytra clouded with tawny 

 brown. Genitalia : female segment deeply triangularly excavated, with a 

 strap-shaped tooth, similar to that in spattdatns. Male valve nearly as 

 wide as the ultimate segment, and al)out half as long ; plates nearly flat, 

 long, triangular ; the margins sparsely haired. 



Described from four specimens : One female from Jacksonville, 

 Fla., from Otto Heidemann ; a pair from Woodbine, N.J., taken Aug. 

 2nd, 1902, by E. P. Van Duzee; and one female from Victoria, Tex., 

 received from U. S. Nat. Museum. The remarkably broad vertex with 

 the red margin will at once separate this from the other spatulate forms in 

 this group. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 231 



Driotjira ^ammeroidea, var. ftdva. n. var. — Size and form of the 

 species larger tlum \2a.flava. Entirely brownish fulvous, except the eyes, 

 which are darker. 



Described from eight specimens from Denver, Colo., collected by the 

 author. 



Driotiira robusta, var. viitain, n. var. — Size and form of the species, 

 black and white, variable. Vertex with a transverse light line on anterior 

 margin, expanded into two spots at apex ; four oblique black stripes on 

 elytra, alternating with four light ones. A transverse light band on 

 abdomen, and a broader one on face. 



Described from six examples from Southern Colorado. 



Acinopterus acuminatus, var. variegatiis, n. var. — Form and structure 

 of the species, but much lighter coloured. Vertex, pronotum and 

 scutellum inclined to be reddish, especially in the male. Elytra whitish 

 pruinose, nervures greenish, not margined, except towards apex and along 

 the sutural margin, three fuscous points along the suture, and sometimes 

 one on the disc of each elytron. 



Described from twenty-four specimens from Colorado and Arizona. 



A. aauninatics, var. viridis, n. var. — Form and structure of the 

 preceding nearly ; slightly smaller. Bright grass-green both above and 

 below. Eyes and extreme tip of elytra fuscous. 



Described from a number of specimens from Southern Colorado and 

 Arizona. This is the common form in Southern Colorado, where it was 

 collected by E. P. Van Duzee and the author. 



A. acuminatus, var. bi-iumeus, n. var. — Slightly larger than the pre- 

 ceding variety. Vertex, pronotum and scutellum pale green, washed with 

 cinnamon-brown. Elytra pale cinnamon-brown, slightly fuscous at tip. 

 Whole insect'with a slight tawny iridescence, below pale green. 



Described from three specimens from Rifle, Colo,; taken by the 

 author. 



Liburiiia Slossoni, n. sp. — Resembling Stenocra^ius lautus in size 

 and general appearance. Somewhat resembling D. maidis. Length, 

 macropterous 9 > 5 '^^^- Face broad, strongly carinate, slightly narrow- 

 ing above. Elytra very long and narrow, resembling a Stenocranus^ the 

 outer branch of the first and the inner branch of the third sector uniting 

 with the cross nervure alongside the second sector. Colour : Face 

 black, the carina light, basal compartment of vertex, pronotum and 




232 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 



scutellum pale creamy. A pair of parallel black stripes extending the 

 entire length, interrupted on the sutures; a pair of black spots outside 

 these on the posterior part of the scutellum, and a pair of black spots 

 behind the eyes. Elytra pale creamy, subhyaline, a brownish stripe 

 covers the outer part of the base of clavus and inner half of corium back 

 to middle, beyond this the nervures are deep smoky-brown, except the 

 outer fork of the outer sector, its cross vein and the outer apical nervure. 

 Legs striped with fuscous and pale. 



Described from three females collected at Biscayne Bay by Mrs. 

 Annie T. Slosson. This very large and distinct form in this group is only 

 one of the many fine Homoptera that have come to hand from Mrs. 

 Slosson's collecting, and I take pleasure in naming it after her. 



Phyllodinus flabellatus, n. sp. — Larger and lighter coloured than 

 nervatus, and with a longer vertex. Testaceous brown, with the posterior 

 half of the vertex, the scutellum and the tips of the short wing pads milky 

 white. Length, brachypterous ^, 3 nmi., width 2 mm. Head slightly 

 narrower than pronotum, vertex nearly quadrate, rounding in front. Front 

 parallel margined, much longer than wide. Elytra about as long as head 

 and pronotum, truncate behind, venation simple, indistinct. Colour : 

 vertex and face dark brown, with about seven narrow interrupted transverse 

 white bands. A light stripe across the apex of front, extending on across 

 the gense to join the stripe on the reflexed portion of pronotum. Clypeus 

 piceus, pronotum with the anterior half piceous brown, posterior half and 

 scutellum milky white. Elytra brown, the posterior margin milky white, 

 broadest towards the costal margin. Abdomen above brown, a median 

 and three lateral rows of white dashes, the anterior ones reduced to dots. 

 Below dark brown or pitchy. Two anterior pairs of femora dirty straw, 

 their foliaceous tibise fuscous, the tarsi white, tipped with black. 



Described from two females, one from Washington, D. C, from the 

 collection of Otto Heidemann, and the other from Riverton, N. J., collected 

 by C. W. Johnson, and sent by E. P. Van Duzee. Another female from 

 the District of Columbia apparently belongs here, but is immature and not 

 fuliy coloured. This is a pretty species, and might be mistaken for 

 a Fissonotus but for the foliaceous tibise. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 233 



TWO NEW PHYTOPHAGOUS HYMENOPTERA. 



BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD, A. M., D. SC. 



Xiphydria erythrogaster, sp. nov. — ^. Length, 9.8 mm. Head 

 and thorax black, marked with yellow as follows : The black of the head 

 is confined to the occiput, a large spot on the crown is dilated on each 

 side, but does not quite reach the eye, while the yellow is confined to the 

 cheeks, the face to above the insertion of the antennas, the front orbits and 

 a V-shaped mark above the eyes. Mandibles yellow, with black teeth ; 

 prothorax yellow, with a black line on collar above and a black mark in 

 the lateral depressions ; mesonotum black, with two yellow spots on the 

 disc ; scutellum with the axillae yellow; meso- and meta-sternum yellow, 

 with black marks. The abdomen is pale ferruginous, except the first 

 segment above, which is black ; the dorsal segments i to 4 have a yellow 

 spot on each lateral margin, while the ventral segments 4 to 6 have tufts 

 of black hairs. The antennae are i6-jointed, the first four joints pale 

 ferruginous, the others black or blackish, joints 4 to 6 being tipped with 

 yellow, the scape the longest joint, the third joint longer than the fourth, 

 the following gradually shortening. Wings hyaline, faintly tinged, the 

 veins brown. Legs pale ferruginous, the coxte and trochanters more or 

 less yellowish, or yellow in front. 



Type.— Cat. No. 6844, U. S. N. M. (Ashmead collection). 



Hab.— Avalon, N. J. (Charles W. Johnson). 



Calameuta Johnsonii, sp. nov. — 5 . Length, 9 mm. Black and 

 shining ; the mandibles, except at apex, the apex of the third palpal joint, 

 the front legs anteriorly from the middle of the femora to the fourth joint 

 of the tarsi, a band on each side of abdomen, a spot at the apical angle of 

 the 5th and 6th ventral segments, and the margins of the hypopygium, 

 lemon-yellow ; wings slightly smoky, the veins blackish, the stigma brown ; 

 antennae thickened towards apex, 21-jointed, the third joint shorter than 

 the fourth. 



Type.— Cat. No. 6843, U. S. N. M. (Ashmead collection). 



Hab. — Riverton, N. J. (Charles W. Johnson). 




234 



THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 



QUEBEC DIPTERA. 



BY THOMAS W. FYLES, 54 WOLFE ST., LEVIS, QUEBEC. 



I have taken, in the Province of Quebec, the undermentioned species 

 of two-winged flies, the names of which do not appear in the Toronto 

 Check List : 



Culex consobrinus, Desvoidy. 

 Chironomus tteniapennis, Coq. 

 Tanypus hirtipennis, Loew. 

 Diplosis grassator, Fyks. 

 Bibio palHpes, Say. 

 Plecia heteroptera, Say. 

 Tipula cincta, Loew. 

 Pachyrrhina kigens, Loew. 

 Stratiomyia obesa, Loeiv. 

 Chrysopila quadrata, Say. 

 Leptis vertebrata. Say. 

 Leptis Boscii, Macquart. 

 Dasyllis flavicoUis, Say. 

 Lampria bicolor, Wiedemami. 

 Leptogaster histrio, Wiedemaim. 

 Argyramoeba sinuosa, Wled. 

 Thereva senex. Walker. 

 Pterodontia flavipes, Gray. 

 Rhamphomyia umbrosa, Loew. 

 Dolichopus plumipes, Scopoli. 

 Syrphus xanthostomus, Wied. 

 Syrphus arcuatus, Fallen. 

 Sphegina rufiventris, Loeiv. 



Rhingia nasica, Say. 

 Xylota curvipes, Loeiu. 

 Cistogaster immaculata, Macq. 

 Ocyptera CaroHnas, Desv. 

 Echinomyia florum, Walker. 

 Gonia capitata, De Geer. 

 Exorista vulgaris. Fallen. 

 Sarcophaga sarracenia?, Riley. 

 Pollenia rudis, Fabrkius. 

 Ophyra leucostoma, Wiedemann. 

 Anthomyia radicum, Linneus. 

 Blepharoptera kitea, Loew. 

 Tetanocera plebeja, Loew. 

 Pyrgota undata, Wiedeman?i. 

 Stictocephala cribellum, Loew. 

 Scioptera vibrans, Lijinens. 

 Chaetopsis senea, WiedemaJin. 

 Eutreta sparsa, Loerv. 

 Eurosta sohdaginis, Fitch. 

 Tephritis albiceps, Loew. 

 Palloptera superba, Loezv. 

 Heteroneura spectabiUs, Loew. 



Entomological Record. — In the last two Annual Reports of the 

 Entomological Society of Ontario, Dr. James Fletcher has given a very 

 valuable and highly-interesting record of the important events in the 

 world of Canadian Entomology noted during each year. As the prepara- 

 tion of this record involves a large amount of labour on his part and its 

 completeness and consequent value depends upon individual workers 

 throughout the Dominion, it is earnestly hoped that each one will send in, 

 without delay, notes of any remarkable captures or interesting observations 

 that he has made, and not put off doing so to the end of the season. If 

 received week by week, the trouble of classifying the notes and the 

 necessary correspondence is not very great, but if allowed to accumulate 

 it becomes most burdensome. Address (postage free), Dr. James 

 Fletcher, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, 




THE CA.NADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 235 



NOTES ON THE STRIDULATION AND HABITS OF 

 RANATRA FUSCA, PAL. B. 



BY J. R. DE LA TORRE BUENO, NEW YORK. 



Little is known regarding the sounds produced by the Rhynchota, 

 and that little refers almost exclusively to the Cryptocerata, of which 

 Corixa has had the most attention ; and some few observations have been 

 made on Nepa, Sigara and Notonecta. It seems to me, therefore, that it 

 would be well to put on record the observations and notes made by me on 

 the striduiation of Ranatra., together with a few other remarks on this 

 insect. 



Ranatra fusca, Pal. B., supposed to be the common form in the 

 north-eastern portion of America, on being removed from its natural 

 element, gives forth a peculiar note. Recently I have had the opportunity 

 to study this at close range, in a specimen at present living in my 

 aquarium. On taking the Hemipteron out of the water, the striduiation 

 can be plainly felt by the fingers, even though, as is at times the case, no 

 sound is audible. The vibrations, when heard, produce a rasping, creaky 

 chirp. Careful examination shows that the sound-producing apparatus of 

 Ranatra departs somewhat from the more commonly met devices, while 

 being similar to that in other insects in regard to the general method of 

 producing tonal vibrations by the friction of suitably roughened surfaces 

 in contact. The stridulatory areas in this insect are situated in the deep 

 and elongated coxal cavities of the first pair of legs. This, as far as I 

 have been able to learn, is an unusual position, which is not mentioned by 

 Packard in his "Text-book of Entomology "; nor have I been able to find 

 any reference to the production of sounds by Ranatra in the literature on 

 the subject that I have been able to consult. 



For the proper comprehension of the modus operandi, a brief and 

 necessarily superficial description of that portion of the thorax in which 

 thecoxfe are set is not out of place. The narrow, elongated prothorax of 

 Ranatra is not of sufficient widtli to receive both coxte with any space 

 between them. In order, therefore, to provide for this, the segment in 

 question expands cephalad, and is provided with two deep slits extending 

 to the anterior margin, one on each side, for the reception of the coxse. 

 Due to the extreme shortness and transverseness of the head, 'the lateral 

 processes of the cavities have the appearance of cheeks, and resemble 

 somewhat the cheek-pieces of a Greek helmet. The coxre rub against the 

 inner surface of the exterior walls of the cavities. Doubtless this surface 




236 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



is roughened in some manner, as well as the portion of joint mentioned, 

 on the areas of friction. This mechanism cannot be properly explained 

 without a dissection, hence the insufficiency of the preceding. 



To stridulate, Ranatra holds the first pair of legs in the same plane 

 as the body, perfectly straight, and somewhat separated at the extremities, 

 in such a manner as to press the coxa; against the inner surface of the 

 outer wall of the coxal cavity. The insect jerks its legs while in this posi- 

 tion back and forth, and thus causes the vibration. Both legs may be in 

 motion at once, independently of each other ; or one only may be waved 

 about. Each leg, therefore, stridulates without reference to the other, as 

 Ranatra jerkily moves it about in anger or excitement. 



In the literature and references that I have been able to look up, no 

 mention is made of this peculiarity of Ranatra, although it cannot have 

 passed unnoticed by students of these hemipterous groups. In his '■^Cata- 

 logus synonimicus et topographicus Rhynchotorum aquatilium hucusque in 

 Italia repertorum," Dr. A. Griffini gives a very full bibliography of the 

 aquatic Rhynchota, and he records only one essay on the subject in 

 question, " On Stridulation in the Hemiptera Heteroptera," by O. H. 

 Swinton, which mentions A^epa, but makes no reference to Ranatra. Mr. 

 G. W. Kirkaldy, F.E.S., also has had a paper on "The Stridulating 

 Organs of Water Bugs (Rhynchota), especially of Corixidse," treating 

 principally of the last named. At some future date I shall endeavour to 

 give a fuller account of the organs in Ranatra, together with a bibli- 

 ography. Meantime, a few random notes on habits may not be without 

 interest. 



The way in which Ranatra seizes its prey is very characteristic. I 

 feed mine on living flies, which are presented with a forceps under water. 

 When the fly attracts its attention, Ranatra very slowly, almost imper- 

 ceptibly, moves its fore-legs, with the knife-like tarsus away from the tibia, 

 toward its prey. When the tibiae are almost, or quite, touching the victim, 

 the movement is so sudden and quick that one is aware of it only by see- 

 ing the prey seized. Sometimes its hold is not satisfactory, and then it 

 will let go, first with one tarsus, get a firmer grip with that, and then do 

 the same with the other. Once it has the fly securely held, Ranatra 

 slowly approaches it to its extended beak, with which it seems to touch 

 and feel it until it finds a suitable spot, and proceeds to a leisurely meal. 

 From this it might seem that Ranatra depends for its food not on such 

 inhabitants of the water as swim by, but on the unwary ones that come to 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 237 



rest anywhere within reach of its rapacious claws, and then only for some 

 time. This is somewhat borne out by the fact that there are two or three 

 smaller insects in the aquarium with my specimen, which have thus far 

 entirely eluded Ranatra's appetite. 



A noticeable characteristic is the exceeding slowness of this insect's 

 motions. They are practically imperceptible, and only the change of 

 relative position of limbs or body makes one aware that it has moved. 

 On occasion, Raiiatra swims, not very fast nor very gracefully, but 

 sufficiently well to afford it more rapid transportation when it chooses to 

 resort to this method of locomotion. The fringing hairs of its long legs 

 are of great help in this. The second and third pairs are the ones used in 

 swimming and walking, or otherwise moving about, by this insect, the first 

 pair being used almost exclusively for prehension. 



SOME CORRECTIONS TO DR. DYAR'S LIST OF NOCTUIDS. 



BY A. RADCLIFFE GROTE, HILDESHEIM, GERMANY. 



I. 



In Dr. Dyar's recent very full and careful List of North American 

 Noctuids, Wash. Cat., pp. 98-247, are a few errors which I would briefly 

 point out in this journal. They have mostly arisen from a neglect of a 

 couple of papers in Can. Ent., and one in Proc. Am. Phil. Soc, 1895, 

 as well as from a two literal following of Prof Smith's Washington list. 

 With regard to the general sequence of the order adopted, I have given 

 that preferred by myself in these pages, and can only repeat here that the 

 Noctuid series (Lithosia — Nodua) affords a parallel to that of the blues and 

 skippers in the butterflies, and that I should place them below the series 

 Bombyx, LacJuieis — Geometra, disturbing as little as possible the older 

 classifications. 



For sequence and nomenclature see my paper. Can. Ent., XXXIII. , 



116. The papers in Can. Ent. apparently neglected by Dr. Dyar are: 



Vol. XXV., 217, and 153. The types of the forms therein described are, 



I believe, in the National Museum, Washington. They were sent at the 



time to Prof. Riley. 



I shall not especially and in detail again refer to the names of Mr. 

 Walker which incorrectly replace for the moment certain of these given by 

 me. They have been already discussed in these pages ; all the facts with 

 regard to the use of Hormisa are given by me in the paper in the Am. Phil. 

 Proceedings, above alluded to, p. 429, 1895. For Hormisa, which is a 

 synomyn of Epizeuxis, the term Litognatha should be substituted. 




238 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



A small box v/as mailed to me at Bremen by the late Mr. Hill, from 

 Albany. As I remember, it contained, among the few specimens, the 

 types of Hepialus auratus {Sthefiopis, Cat. p. 580) and Rhewnaptera 

 immediata (3404 Cat., marked with a star and type stated to be " loot "). 

 The contents of the box were deposited in the Bremen Museum for 

 preservation. 



In Dr. Dyar's list of Noctuids, I notice the following double names : 

 The specimens identified as 2249 sericea, are probably 2253 veiiustula. 

 What sericea is, is not known ; the erroneous determination came from 

 Albany. No. 2134 and No. 2143 I considered identical. No. 2201 

 should be referred as synonymous with No. 2223. The original name was 

 changed by the authors. 



2473. Formosa is type of Chrysanympha, Grote, Proc. Am. Phil. 



Soc, 417, 1895. I cannot regard this as congeric with moneta, 



which is type of Polychrysia, Hubn. (Grote, id.). But I may be 



wrong. 



2475. '^reoides, not '■' ceroides^'; this mistake is copied from Smith, 



Wash. Cat. 247. 

 2479. Festticce is type of C/irysaspidia, Hubn. Verz. (Grote, id.), and 

 illistris is type of Euc/ia/cia, which latter term is therefore here 

 wrongly employed, and should be dropped. Speyer, Staudinger 

 and myself agree that Putnami is not a race of festucce, but a dis- 

 tinct species, and it appears to be also Asiatic in its range (Stand, 

 and Rebel Cat. 2547, p. 237). 

 2489. Egena : the identification of this species from Florida, given 

 in Smith's List, p. 251, Can. Ent., XV., 26, should have been 

 cited. 

 2493. The identification oi fratella with on is incorrect, as stated 

 by Smith, Wash. List, p. 252. The two are distinct species, in 

 my opinion. Any confusion between them seems to arise from 

 a wrong identification of Guenee's species. 

 On page 206 of Dr. Dyar's List, the genera, Oxycilla tripla and 

 Zelicodes lifiearis, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc, I.e., 1895, are omitted. Linearis 

 is wrongly cited under '' Hortnisa" No. 3033. Of this . species Prof. 

 Smith has written that it does not belong to Litognatha, and is not a 

 Deltoid at all. Types of these two species are in coll. Neumogen, where 

 Dr. Dyar examined them for me, I.e., p. 418. 



Mailed August 1st, 1903. 




l\t €mdk\\ %n\mtiU^hl 



Vol. XXXV. 



LONDON, SEPTEMBER, 1903. 



No. 



LIST OF CANADIAN COLEOPTERA. 



BY JOHN D. EVANS, TRENTON, ONT. 



The following list has been prepared from collections made in the 

 Northwest Territories of Canada during the seasons of 1879, 18S0 and 

 1 88 1, by Prof. John Macoun, Botanist of the Geological Survey Depart- 

 ment of Canada. 



During the summer of 1879 collecting was done, starting from Fort 

 EUice, thence to the head of Long Lake: thence to the elbow of the South 

 Saskatchewan ; then after crossing the river, in an almost straight line to 

 Battleford ; then south to the Hand Hills, and still south to Blackfoot 

 crossing ; thence west to Calgary, and up the Bow River to the gap in the 

 Rocky Mountains. 



In 1880 collecting commenced at Brandon ; thence to Moose Moun- 

 tains, from there to Moose Jaw ; thence by Swift Current Creek to the 

 Cypress Hills and Fort Waish ; from Fort Walsh to Dunmore, and then 

 towards the South Saskatchewan, and on to Humboldt, on the old north 

 trail, and thence to Fort Ellice. 



In 1 88 1, starting from Portage la Prairie ; thence to Lake Manitoba; 

 then up Lake Manitoba and Lake Winnipegosis to its head; then up 

 Red Deer River to its head ; then down Swan River to Livingstone, and 

 across to the Assiniboine at Fort Pelly, and down it to Fort Ellice. 



The first two years were almost wholly on the plains, and collections 

 made largely on mud by pools and in sand hiils. The third year wa« 

 almost wholly by water. 



The species taken during each of these seasons are indicated by the 

 abbreviated figures '79, '80 and '81, respectively. 



An asterisk (*) before the several names indicates a species not here- 

 tofore recorded as having occurred in Canada, in so far as the Society's list 

 and lists appearing subsequently in The Canadian Entomologist are 

 concerned. 



The numbers are those of Henshaw' s List. 




240 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



The compiler is very grateful to all who have assisted in determining 

 these insects, particular mention being made of Mr. Henry Ulke, the late 

 Dr. John Hamilton and Prof. H. F. Wickham. for their very many acts 

 of kindness. 



Cicindeiidce. 

 \tc, Cicindela Montana, Lee, 1879. 

 *25a, " Audubonii, Lee, '79, '80. 

 25d, •' lo-notata, Say, '80. 



26a, " generosa, Dej., '80. 

 30a, '• limbata, Say, '79, '80. 

 T,2, '" vulgaris, Say, '80. 

 33, '• repanda, Dej., '80, 'Si. 

 35, " hirticollis, Say, '79 



*36, " cinctipennis, Lee. '79, '80. 

 *55, •' lepidii, Dt-j., '79. 



Carabidce. 



*92, Cychiu^ angusticoUis, Fi^-cli., '79. 



116, Carabus Marauder, Fi.-ch., '81. 



119, " tyedatus. Fab.. '79, '80, '81. 



121. " serratus, Say, '79, '80, 'Si. 



*i37, Calosoma obsoletum, Say, '79, '80. 



142, " calidum, Fab, '79, '80. 



142a, '• tepidum, Lee, '79, '80. 

 *i45, " moniliatum, Lee, '79. 

 *i48b, " Zimmermanni, Lee, '79, '80 



153, Elaphrus cicatricosus, Lee, '79, '80 



157, " riparius, Linn., '79. 



160, " ruscarius. Say, '80, '8i. 



165, Blethisa multipunctata, Linn., '81. 



178, Notiophilus sibiricus. Mots., '79, '80. 



180, Leistus ferruginosus, Mann, '79, 



217, Pasimachus elongatus, Lee, '80. 



225, Dyschirius nigripes, Lee, '80. 



305, Bembidium carinula, Chd., '79, '81. 

 *3o('), " Lorquinii, Chaud,, '79. 



307, " littorale, Oliv., '81. 



311, " coxendix, Say, '79. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 241 



313, Bembidium nitidum, Kirby, '79, '80. 

 *, " fuscicrum, Motz., '79. 



359, " scopulinum, Kirby, '80, 



*36i, " postremum, Say, '79, 81. 



363, " Grapii, Gyll., '80. 



*378, '■ viridicoUe, Laf., '79, '80, 



*38o, " variolosum, Motz. 



384, " conspersum, Chd., '79, 'So, 'Si 



386, " patruele, Dej., '81. 



389, " nigripes, Kirby, '79, '80. 



*403. " Scudderi, Lee , '79, '80. 



*42o, " semistriatum, Hald,, '79. 



*, " timidum, Lee, '79, '80, 



2 sp., '79. 

 2 sp., '80. 



449, Tachys nanus, Gyll,, '79, 



550, Pterostichus punctatissimus. Rand., '81. 

 *558, " scitulus, Lee, '79. 



'*56i, " corvus, Lee, '79. 



565, " lucublandus, Say, '80. 



*567, •' convexicollis, Say, '80. 



583, " Luczotii, Dej., '79, '81. 



588, " femoralis, Kirby, '80. 



*628, Amara jacobinse, Lee, '80. 



647, " latior, Kirby, '79, 

 ^654, " longula, Zimm., '79, 'So. 



657, " impuncticollis. Say, '79, '80, 



658, " littoralis, Mann, '79, '80. 

 664, " fallax, Lee, '79, '80. 

 669, " erratica, Sturm., '80. 

 674, " obesa, Say, '79. '80. 



*6-j6, " terrestris, Lee , '79. 



*678, " remotestriata, Dej., '79, '80. 



sp., '79- 

 sp., '79, 'So, 

 sp., 80. 






242 



THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



710, 



711. 

 742, 



743. 

 766, 



*782, 

 786, 



796, 



800, 



815. 

 818, 



821, 



831, 

 835- 

 836, 



882a 



911 



940 



*94i 



996 



1021 



1028 



1052 



'•054 



Diplochila laticoUis, Lee, '79, '80. 



" impressicollis, Dej., '80. 



Calathus gregarius, Say, '80, '81, 



" ingratus, Dej., '81. 

 Platynus sinuatus, Dej , '79, '81. 



" funebris, Lee, '79, '80. 



■' errans, Say, '79, '80, '81, 



" corvus, Lee, '79, '80. 



" cupripennis, Say, '79, '80. 



'' placidus, Say, '79, '80, 



•' cupreus, Dej., '79. 



'• obsoletus, Say, '79. 

 ruficornis, Lee, '79. 

 liitulentus, Lee, '81. 

 nigriceps, Lee, '79. 

 sp., '79. 

 sp., '80. 

 Lebia moesia, Lee, '80. 

 Blechrus nigrinus, Mann, '79. 

 Cymindis cribricollis, Dej., '79, '80. 



" planipennis, Lee, '79, '80. 

 Chlaenius sericeus, Forst., '80. 



" pennsylvanicus, Say, '80, '81. 



" interruptus, Horn, '81. 

 Geopiniis incrassatus, Dej., '79, '80. 

 Nothopus zabroides, Lee, '79, '80. 

 Piosonia setosuni, Lee, '79. 

 Agonoderus pallipes, Fab., '79, 'So. 

 Harpalus erraticus, Say, '80. 



" amputatus, Say, '79, '80. 



" viridi89neus. Beau v., '80. 



" Pennsylvanicus, Dej., '80. 



" herbi vagus, Say, '79, '80, 



" ventralis, Lee, '80. 



" ellipsis, Lee, '80. 



" cautus, Dej., '79, '80. 



" innocuus, Lee,, '79. 



" Lewisii, Lee, '79. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 243 



iiio, HarpaUis funestiis, Lee, '79. 

 1117, " basilaris, Kirby, '79. 



3 sp., '79. 

 " 2 sp., '80. 



I r4o, Stenolophus conjunctuF, Say, '79, '80. 

 1 158, Bradycellus rupestris, Say, '80. 



Dytiscidce. 

 1302, Coelambus impressopunctatus, Sch., '80. 

 1399, Ilybiosoma bifarius, Kirby, '80. 

 1425, Agabus punctulatus, Aiibe, '80. 

 *i436, '' strigulosus, Cr., '79, '80. 

 1438, '^' infuscatiis, Aube, '80. 

 1444, " erythropterus, Say, '80. 

 1466. Rhantus bistriatus, Ber^st., '81. 

 1474, Colymbetes sculptilis, Harr., '79. 

 1 49 1, Dytiscus Harrisii, Kitl)y, '8r. 

 sp., '79, '80. 



(To be coniinued.) 



A NEW PARANOMIAFROM BRITISH COLUMBIA. 



BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD, A. M., D. SC. 



Faranoniia Venablesii, sp. nov. — 9- Length 10.5 mm. Black; 

 abdominal segments 1-4 at apex with bands of a golden-yellowish 

 pubescence ; the head in front, the cheeks, the occiput, the thorax in 

 front at the sides, the postscutellum, the legs, and the abdomen beneath, 

 all clothed with a pale or whitish pubescence. Wings hyaline, fuliginous 

 at apex, the costifi and parastigma black, the stignial and internal veins 

 testaceous. Legs mostly black, with tarsal joints 2-5 mostly yellowish. 

 The head is rather finely, sparsely punctate, the thorax more closely and 

 densely punctate, but with the punctures finer on the scutellum, while the 

 metathorax is shagreened, opaque. The abdomen has the first segment 

 minutely punctulate, the following segments being more or less alutaceous. 



Type.— Cat. No. 6224, U. S. N. M. 



Described from a single specimen, captured July 20th, 1902, at 

 Vernon, B. C, by Mr. E. P. Venables. 




244 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 



SOME DIPTERA FROM ARIZONA. 



BY JAMES S. HINE, STATE UNIVERSITV, COLUMBUS, OHIO. 



Tn a collection of Diptera, taken in Arizona by J. Thomas Lloyd, of 

 Cincinnati, Ohio, during the summer of 1902, I find some species of 

 sufficient importance to warrant recording notes concerning them at this 

 lime. 



Chrysops prociivis, O. S. — Specimens of this species were taken in 

 Oak Creek Canyon, July 5th. I have not seen a record of the species 

 from this territory heretofore. 



Tabanus hyalinipcnnis, n. sp. — Female. Eyes bare ; length 15 mm.; 

 antennae entirely black ; proboscis black ; palpi yellowish, with short 

 white hairs ; face and front brown, but this colour concealed by gray 

 pollen ; lower part of face and cheeks clothed with long white hair ; front 

 rather narrow, slightly narrowed below ; frontal callosity shining brown, 

 nearly square, and as wide as the front and with a linear prolongation 

 above it ; thorax reddish above, with four distinct black stripes, which 

 extend back to the scutellum ; margin of scutellum reddish, with white 

 hair, remainder blackish, with black hair; femora black, with gray pollen 

 and white hair ; tibiae reddish ; apices black, or at least dark ; tarsi 

 black ; wings entirely hyaline ; veins and stigma brown, all the posterior 

 cells wide open. Abdomen black dorsally ; first segment broadly white 

 on each side ; posterior margin narrowly white, and a white spot beneath 

 the scutellum ; second segment with a prominent white triangle on each 

 side of the middle and a white hind margin, which is three or four times 

 as wide external to the triangles as between them ; third segment with a 

 narrow white marking on each side corresponding to the lateral triangles of 

 the previous segment and white hind margin, which expands at the middle 

 into a prominent spot, truncate before and attaining the middle of its 

 segment ; fourth segment with a narrow white hind margin, which ex- 

 pands into a prominent median triangle, which attains the anterior border 

 of its segment ; fifth, sixth and seventh segments with very narrow white 

 hind margins. Ventrally the abdomen is dark, darkest on the middle, 

 and clothed with gray pollen. 



Habitat. — Oak Creek Canyon. Several specimens, two of whicli are 

 before me ; one taken July 2nd and the other July 7th. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 245 



In form and appearance the species suggests T. trimaculatus, but 

 the hyaline wings, the abdominal markings and smaller size are distinctive-. 

 It lacks the large median white triangle on the second segment, so 

 conspicuous in sodalis. 



Leptomydus venosus, Lw.— The species of this genus seem not to be 

 easily recognized, because the sexes of each species are widely different, 

 and all the original descriptions were written from a single sex, some from 

 males and some from females. In the collection before me are the sexes 

 of a species, the male of which agrees very well with venosus. I give 

 below the descriptions of both sexes, hoping that such may be of use to 

 some future student of the group : 



Male. — Head and its appendages black ; face and front clothed with 

 long yellowish gray pile. Thorax black, with four light-coloured stripes 

 above ; anterior and middle legs black, with extreme bases of all the 

 tibiae yellowish ; broad bases of posterior femora and tibia3 yellow, other- 

 wise these legs are black or brown ; wings uniform dilute yellowish. 

 Abdomen reddish; posterior margins or all the segments narrowly yellow, 

 and on each side of the second segment the yellow margin surrounds a 

 small reniform black spot ; anterior margins of all the segments black ; the 

 first segment is wholly black, except the yellow hind margin, and on the 

 sixth and seventh segments the black is mostly confined to the sides. 

 Length 15 mm. 



Female. — Whole insect reddish-yellow ; eyes, proboscis and part of 

 front blackish ; thorax with light yellow stripes ; abdominal segments 

 margined behind with distinct light yellow ; on each side of the second 

 segment this yellow margin includes a small reniform black spot ; spines 

 at end of abdomen red; wings coloured as in the male. Length 19 mm. 



In both male and female the first posterior cells of the wings are 

 wide open. 



Habitat. — Both sexes taken in Oak Creek Canyon, June 30th. 



In the female the black proboscis, the lack of black stripes on the 

 literal margins of segments (two to seven) and the red spines at the end 

 of the abdomen serve to distinguish this sex from brachyrhynchus of Osten 

 Sacken. 



Myiolepta aurinota, n. sp. — Male. Length 9 mm. In general 

 coloration the antennae are reddish, but the first two segments are d'arker 

 and more shining than the third ; arista at base concolorous with the 




246 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



segment chat bears it, at apex darker. Region surrounding the ocelli, a 

 space above the antennae, a triangular spot on the face, including the 

 facial callosity and cheeks, shining black ; remainder of the face and front 

 gray poUinose, with sparse white hairs near the eyes. Mesonotum, includ- 

 ing the scutellum, entirely densely clothed with coarse golden hair; pleura 

 with white hair ; wings nearly hyaline, but from certain views they appear 

 slightly clouded; general colour of legs black, with white hair; all the 

 tibiae yellowish at base; first two segments of each of the middle and 

 hind tarsi yellow ; first two segments of each front tarsus dusky, but 

 lighter in colour than the three remaining segments ; all the femora 

 swollen, and with short black spines below on apical parts. Abdomen 

 black, clothed on dorsum with black and golden hair, on sides with white 

 hair ; the black hair of the dorsum is very short, and distributed as 

 follows : the anterior half of the second segment, a rectangular patch on 

 anterior middle of the third segment, occupying two-thirds of the length 

 and over half of the width of this segment, and a triangular patch on the 

 anterior third of the fourth segment. The golden hair is longer and 

 coarser than the black, and most dense on the fourth segment. The first 

 segment, and all the sutures between segments, are thinly gray poUinose, 

 giving the effect to the unaided eye of gray bands. 



Habitat. — Phoenix, Arizona. Taken June i8th. 



The species has most affinities with strigilata, Loew, and auri- 

 cauihita, Williston, but on comparison with the former species in the U. 

 S. National Museum, I find the two have a very different appearance. 

 From the latter the coloration of the abdomen and legs, the lack of 

 "golden tomentum" on the frontal triangle, and the larger size are 

 sufficient to distinguish it. In accordance with what has been observed 

 in related species, 1 should expect that the vestiture of the female is paler 

 than in the male. 



Milesia bella. Townsend. — Several specimens of this beautiful 

 syrphid were taken at Elden Mountain, June 17th. The black front 

 tibiae and tarsi and the thoracic markings easily distin^guish the species 

 from ornata, Say, which is our common eastern member of the genus. A 

 reference to Townsend's fine description in the Annals and Magazine of 

 Natural History, Ser. 6, Vol. XIX., 142, will reveal the characters oibella 

 and its differences from ornata. Townsend's types were taken in 

 southern New Mexico. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 247 



A LIST OF CALIFORNIA APHIDTD^. 



BY WARREN T. CLARKE, BERKELEY, CALIF. 



Our knowledge of the group Apliididaj in California has been.h'mited 

 in the jiast to certain forms that were of economic importance in their 

 relations to cuhivated crops. No systematic list of these interesting 

 insects has heretofore been attempted in this region, and this has not been 

 due to any lack of material, for the varying conditions of climate here 

 seem to be particularly favorable to them. 



In Hunter's list of the Aphididse of Nortli America (Bull. No. 60, 

 Iowa Ag. Ex. Sta., 1901) we find nine forms that may be considered as 

 reported from California. Only five of these forms are directly referred to 

 this State, while the other four are stated to be found, as in the case of 

 Nectarophora avence, Fabr., " throughout the United States." One of the 

 five forms directly referred to the State is Aphis mali, Fabr. Tne writer 

 is doubtful of the occurrence of mali here, and believes that other species 

 have been confused with it, and therefore does not include it as a 

 CaHfornia form. With this exception the following list is made up from 

 the reported Aphididae of California and from the writer's own collections 

 in the State during the past eighteen months. 



Forty-three species are listed, including ten new species. Thi^ num- 

 ber does not by any means exhaust the group so far as this State is C'Ui- 

 cerned, as it represents but fe^v localities, yet it is believed that the 

 presentation of the list at this time is desirable, in that it may stimulate 

 further study of the group by other observers. 



Table of Genera. 



A. Third discoidal vein wanting Phylloxera. 



AA. " " " simple Pemphigus. 



AAA. " '• •' one-branched .Schizoneura. 



A A. A A. " " •' two-branched. 



B. Antennae five-jointed Lachnus. 



BB. Anlennie seven-jointed. 

 C. Style long. 



D. Frontal tubercles toothed internally Phorodon, 



DD. Frontal tubercles not toothed internally. 



E. Frontal tubercles approximate Nectarophora. 



EE. Frontal tubercles distant Myzus. 



CC. Style short. 




248 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



F. Honey tubes long. 



G. Antennas on frontal tubercles . . ..... Rhopalosiphum. 



GG. Antennce not on frontal tubercles. 



H. Honey tubes clavate Siphocoryne. 



HH. Honey tubes cylindrical. 



I. Body long . . Hyalopterus. 



1 1. Body short Aphis. 



FF. Honey tubes short. 



J. Antennae shorter than body . . . . Chaitophorus. 

 JJ. Antennae longer than body. 

 K. Honey tubes longer than 



broad Drephanosiphum. 



KK. Honey tubes shorter than 



broad Callipterus. 



Phyiloxera. — Vasiatrix, Planchon ; Vitig vinifera ; California. 

 Pemphigus. — Stigma more than twice as long as hro^.d, pop iilicau/ is ; 

 less than twice as long as broad, betie. 



Poptilicaidis, Fitch ; cottonwood and poplar ; Fresno, Berkeley, 

 Rumsey. 



Betie, Doane \ sugar-beet, Canaigre (Rumex hymenosepalous) ; red 

 dock ; Berkeley, Placer County, Palo Alto. 



While these two forms of Pemphigus are reported as separate species, 

 it is the opinion of the writer that it will be found that one is a migrant 

 form of the other. I have noted betce to be extremely prevalent on sugar. 

 beets planted near cottonwoods infested w'wh popu/icaulis. 



ScHizONEURA — Abdomen chocolate-brown, lanigera ; pale green, 

 pinicola ; black, querci ; lilac brown, Americafia. 



The colour effect is best obtained by bathing the fresh specimens for 

 a short time in 95% alcohol. 



La7tigera, Haus. ; apple j throughout the State. 

 Pinicola, Thos. ; Pine (P. radiata) ; Berkeley, Palo Alto. 

 Querci, Fitch ; various oaks ; Berkeley. 

 Americana, Riley ; elm ; Berkeley, Newcastle. 



Lachnus.^ — Alnifoliie, Fitch ; alder {A/nus, sp.) ; Berkeley, Colfax. 

 Chaitophorus. — Viminalis, Monell ; willow; Newcastle, Watson- 

 ville. 



Callipterus — 



A. Body with dorsal setae. 

 B. Body less than twice as long as broad. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 249 



C. Colour very pale hyalinus. 



CC. Colour dark yellow coryli. 



BB. Body more than twice as long as broad. 



D. Four rows of setiferous tubercles on back of 



abdomen castanese. 



DD. Setiferous tubercles not in rows arundicolens. 



AA. Body without dorsal set^e. 



E. Seventh joint of antennae shorter than sixth caryse. 



EE, Seventh joint of antennae longer than sixth . . . betul9ecolei>s. 

 Caryce, Monell ; black walnut ; Berkeley. 

 Betulacoleiis, Fitch ; birch ; Berkeley. 

 Castanece, Fitch ; chestnut ; Berkeley. 

 Arnndicoiens, n. sp. — Apterous viviparous female. 



Length of body, 1.54 mm.; width 69 mm. Length of joints of 

 antennae : III., .77 mm.j IV., .50 mm.; V.. .54 mm.; VL,.27 mm.; VIL, 

 .27 mm. Body setiferous; general colour light lemon-yellow to darker 

 yellow. Nectaries reduced to tubercles. Cauda wart-like. Rostrum 

 reaching to second coxae. Antennal joints IIL, IV. and V. black at 

 outer ends. Tarsi dusky. Eyes red-brown. 



Alate viviparous female. 

 Length of body, 2.19 mm.; width, .81 mm. Expanse of wings from 

 tip to tip, 7. tg mm. Length of joints of antennae : III., 1.04 mm.; IV., 

 .58 mm.; V., .61 mm.; VI., .35 mm.; VIL, .35 mm. General colour of 

 body light lemon-yellow. Wings hyaline ; veins and stigma greenish. 

 Cauda short, tip black. Nectaries reduced to tubercles. Tarsi dusky. 

 Eyes red. Sixth antennal joint dusky; Vth and IVth black at outer end; 

 Ilird ringed with black one-third distance from joint II. and at outer end. 

 Small colonies, and also distributed singly on under sides of leaves 

 of bamboo {Arundo, sp.), Berkeley. 



Hyalinus, Monell ; oak ( Quercus inibricata) ; Berkeley. 

 Cotyli, Goetze ; hazelnut {Corylus, sp. ) ; Berkeley. 

 Urephanosiphum. — Acerifolii, Thos. ; live oak ; Berkeley. 

 Yl\M.0VT^KV?,.— Ar7ifidi?iis, Fabr. ; apricot; Berkeley. 

 Aphis. — 

 A. Antennae not more than half the length of body. 



B. Honey tubes reaching not quite half way to tip of abdomen. 



C. Honey tubes red-brown. . Alamedensis. 



CC Honey tubes yellow calendulicola. 



CCC. Honey tubes black. 




250 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



I). Body less than ivvice as long as broad persicje-niger. 



DI). Body ni'ire than twice as long as broad maidis. 



BB. Honey tubes reaching more than halfway to tip of abdomen. 

 E. Cauda more than twice as wide at base as at 



tip (conical) mori. 



EE. Cauda about as wide at base as at tip 



(filiform) oenoiheia'. 



AA. Anlenn;e three-fourths or more length of body. 



BBB. Honey tubes reaching beyond tip of abdomen. 



F. Cauda inconspicuous sorbi. 



FF. Cauda evident. 



G. Cauda about as wide at tip as at base 



(filiform) gossypii. 



GO. Cauda more than twice as wide at tip as at 



base (conical) ceanothi. 



BBBB. Honey tubes not reaching to tip of abdomen. 



H. Cauda inconspicuous brassicte. 



HH. Cauda evident cratiegi. 



Brassicce, Linn.; throughout the Slate on various cruciferns. 

 CalenduUcola, Monell ; marigold ; Berkeley. 

 Crai(7gi, Monell ; hawthorn {Cratcegus, sp.); Berkeley. 

 Gossypii, Glover ; shepherd's-purse, watermelon ; Newcastle, Wai- 

 sonville. 

 Ceanothi. n. sp. — Apterous viviparous female. 



Length of body, 1.46 mm.; width, 1.19 mm. Length of joints of 

 antennae : IIL, .31 mm.; IV., .16 mm.; V., .16 mm.; VL, .13 mm ; VII., 

 .27 mm. Body smooth, globular ; general colour clouded yellow-brown. 

 Nectaries reaching beyond end of body, black. Cauda conical, incon- 

 spicuous. Legs and antennae of a uniform yellow-brown colour. Eyes 

 black. 



Alate viviparous female. 

 Length of body, 1.54 mm.; width, .58 mm.; expanse of wings from 

 tip to tip, 5.58 mm. Length of joints of antenn?e : III., .38 mm.; IV., 

 .19 mm.; V., .19 mm.; VI., .15 mm.; VIL, .27 mm. Colour of head and 

 thorax jet black ; abdomen clouded yellow-brown. Wings opalescent, 

 veins dark green. Third discoidal vein obsolete at base. Cauda conical, 

 yellow-brown in colour. Nectaries reaching beyond tip of body, black. 

 Tibi?e yellow-brown except outer tnd, which is dusky. Other joints of 

 legs dusky, Antennal joints yellow-brown. Eyes black. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 251 



Large colonies on tender tips and on blossoms of Cea/iothus inte^er- 

 riiiius, Colfax. 

 A/emedensis, n. sp. — Apterous viviparous female. 



Length of body, 1.27 mm.; ividth, .50 \\v^^. Lengtii of joints of 

 antennje : IIL, .15 mm.. IV\, 08 mm ; V., .15 mm.; VL, .oS mm ; VIL, 

 .23 mm. Body smooth, general colour yellow green to red-brown. Nec- 

 taiies redbrown, reaching not quite half-way to tip of abdomen. Cauda 

 conical. Eyes red. 



Alate viviparous female. 



Length of body, 2,31 mm ; width, .77 mm. Expanse of wings from 

 tip to tip, 6.15 mm. Length of joints of antennag : III , .50 mm.; IV., 

 .31 mm.; V., .19 mm.; VI , .12 mm.; VIL, .38 mm. Head and thorax 

 black. Abdomen yellow-green to dark brown. Wings hyaline, 

 veins yellowish. Third discoidal vein obsolete at base. Cauda 

 conical and of same colour as rest of abdomen. Nectaries not 

 reachmg to end of body, black. Legs dusky. Antennae dusky yellow. 

 Eyes dark red. Flocculent masses of wax covering abdomen. 



Rather large and numerous colonies on leaves of Greengage. 

 Alameda County. 



Maidis, Fitch ; sorghum, corn ; Berkeley, Watsonville. 

 Mori, n. sp. — Apterous viviparous female. 



Length of body, 1.04 mm.; width, .65 mm. Length of joints of 

 antennae; III., .12 mm.; IV., .06 mm.; V, .06mm.; VI., .12 mm.; VIL, 

 .15 mm. Head and thorax fuscous, abdomen dark green. Nectaries 

 fuscous, reaching to tip of abdomen. Cauda conical. Tarsi dusky, 

 other joints of legs yellow green. .\ row of six dark spots extends from 

 the nectaries to the thorax on each side of the abdomen. Rostrum 

 extends to middle coxa?. Eyes dark. 



Alate viviparous female. 



Length of body, 1.22 mm.; width, .54 mm. Expanse of wings from 

 tip to tip, 3.77 mm. Length of joints of antennae: III., .15 mm.; IV., 

 .12 mm.; V., .12 mm.; VI. , .08 mm.; VIL, .23 mm. Head and thorax 

 greenish-black. Abdomen yellowish-green, with two black dorsal patches. 

 Wings hyaline, veins greenish. Stigma, long, narrow, greenish. Cauda 

 conical, dusky. Nectaries black, reaching to tip of abdomen. Legs and 

 antennae dusky. Eyes black. 



Found on under sides of leaves of mulberry {Morns, sp.), appearing 

 in enormous numbers, and giving the attacked trees a dirty, smutty 

 appearance. 




252 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 



QinothercE, Oestl.: CEnotherabectiatia, Epilobmm ; Berkeley. 

 Persicce-niger, Smith ; peach, plum ; Placer County. 

 Sorbi, Kalt ; apple ; Placer County. 



SrPHOCORYNE. — Fceniculi, Pass.; sweet fennel {F. vulgare); Berkeley, 

 Newcastle. 



Rhopalosiphum. — Diaiithi, Schrank ; English ivy ] Berkeley. 

 Myzus. — Cerasi, Fabr.; Greengage; Berkeley. 

 Phorodon. — Scrophularice, Thos.; Scrophularia. sp. ; Berkeley. 

 Humuli, Schrank. Reported as present on hops and Prumis 

 domesiicus, in this State. Unknown to me. 

 Nectarophora. — 

 A. Antennae as long or longer than body. 



B. Honey tubes reaching beyond tip of abdomen. 



C. Honey tubes black valerianise. 



CC. Honey tubes clouded yellow. 



D. Body more than twice as long as broad. 

 E. Cauda more than twice as wide at base as at 



tip (conical) rosj?. 



EE. Cauda about as wide at base as at tip (filiform). Californica. 

 DD. Body less than twice as long as broad. 



F. Cauda more than twice as wide at base as at 



tip (conical) rhanuii. 



FF. Cauda about as wide at base as at tip 



(filiform) baccharidis. 



BB. Honey tubes reaching to tip of abdomen. 



G. Honey tubes black sonchelhu 



GG. Honey tubes yellow lycopersici. 



AA. Antennre shorter than body. 



H. Honey tubes and cauda black citrifolii. 



HH. Honey tubes and cauda clouded yellow, . .jasmini. 

 Citrijolii, Ashm.j orange ; Azusa. 



Jastnini, n. sp. — Apterous viviparous female. 



Length of body, 1.73 mm.; width, .58 mm. Length of joints of 

 antennas: HL, .23 mm ; IV., .23 mm.; V., .19 mm.; VI. ,.12 mm.; VH., 

 .38 mm. General colour yellowish-green. Nectaries reaching beyond i\\) 

 of abdomen, clouded yellow in colour, with outer ends darker. Tarsi 

 dusky ; other joints of legs light yellow. Antennal joint HL light ycilow; 

 others dusky. Rostrum reaching to third coxte. Eyes pink. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 25^ 



Small colonies on under sides of leaves of jasmin. No winged speci- 

 mens found. Berkeley. 



Sonchella, Monell ; Sonc/ms, sp. (Sjw thistle) ; Berkeley, Palo Alto, 

 Newcastle. 

 Lycopersici, n. sp. — AjJterous viviparous female. 



Length of body, 2.31 mm. widih, .58 mm, Lengtii of joints of 

 antenna;: III., .65 mm.; IV., .54 mm.; V., 54 mm.; VI., .15 mm.; VII., 

 .77 mm. General colour green. Nectaries yellow, (jccasionally dusky at 

 outer end, reaching to tip of abdomen. Cauda prominent, green, out- 

 lined with black." Tarsi black. Tips of tibiae black. Rest of tibite and 

 femora dusky. Eyes red 



Alate viviparous female. 



Length of body, 2.50 mm.; width, .96 mm. Expanse of 

 wings from tip to tip, 8.65 mm. Lengrh of joints of antennae ; 

 III., .77 mm.; IV, .58 mm; V., .58 mm.; VI., .19 mm.; VII. 

 .77 mm. General colour green. Nectaries yellow, occasionally dusky at 

 outer end, reaching beyond tip of abdomen. Cauda prominent. Tarsi 

 black. Tip of femur and tibiaj black, rest of joints of legs greenish, 

 yellow. Antennae dusky. Wings hyaline, veins and stigma yellow-green. 

 Third discoidal vein obsolete at base. 



A handsome insect, found on tomato, generally on the blossoms, 

 which they destroy. Occasionally found on tender leaves. Individuals 

 isolated or in very small colonies. Berkeley. 

 Valeriania, n. sp. — Apterous viviparous female. 



Length of body, 2.85 mm; width, 1.15 mm. Length of joints of 

 antennte : III., .81 mm.; IV., .69 mm.; V., .58 mm.; VI., .19 mm ; VII., 

 .88 mm. General colour of body yellow-brown. Nectaries black, reach- 

 ing beyond tip of abdomen. Cauda prominent. Antennas dusky. Tarsi 

 and outer ends of femur and tibia black. Rest of joints of legs yellowish. 

 Rostrum reaching to third coxpe and tipped with black. Eyes yellowish. 



Alate viviparous female. 



Length of body, 2.92 mm.; width, 1.15 mm. Expanse of wings from 

 tip to tip, 9.61 mm. Length of joints of antennas : III., i.oo mm.; IV., 

 .77 mm.; V., .65 mm.; VI., .19 mm.; VII , .96 mm. Antennae and head, 

 back of thorax, nectaries and outer ends of femora and tibiae black. 

 Geniera4 colour of rest of body and legs yellow-brown. Wings greenish- 

 yellow, veins darker. Third discoidal vein obsolete at base. Rostrum 

 reaching to second coxae. Cauda prominent. Nectaries reaching beyond 

 tip of abdomen. Eyes black. 




254 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



Small colonies on growing tip of valerian (Valeriana officinalis), 

 Berkeley. 

 Rhamni, n. sp. — Apterous viviparous female. 



Length of body, 1.73 mm.; width, .Si mm. Length of joints of 

 antennae: III, .50 miri.; IV., .38 mm.; V.,.38 mm.; VI., .19 mm.; VII., 

 .96 mm. General colour green. Nectaries greenish-yellow, reaching 

 beyond tip of abdomen. Cauda prominent, conical. Legs and antennie 

 light yellow. Rostrum reaching to middle cox;e. Eyes dark red. 



Small colonies on under sides of leaves of Rhammis Californica. 

 No winged specimens found. Lander. 

 Baccharidis, n. sp. — .\pterous viviparous female. 



Length of body, 1.38 mm.; width, .62 mm. Length of joints of 

 antennte: III., .58 mm.; IV., .27 mm.; V., .27 mm.; VI., .11 mm.; VII., 

 .38 mm. General colour of body green. Nectaries clouded yellow, 

 reaching well beyond tip of abdomen. Antennne, tibiae and tarsi dusky. 

 Cauda prominent, filiform. Rostrum dusky, reaching to second ccxte. 

 Eyes dark red. 



Alate viviparous female. 



Length of body, 2. 11 mm.; width .77 mm. Expanse of wings from 

 tip to tip, 6.92 mm. Length of joints of antennae : III., .62 mm.; IV., 

 .31 mm.; V., .31 mm.; VI , .15 mm.; VII., .38 mm. General colour of 

 body green. Nectaries, tip of femora, tibice and tarsi black. \Vings 

 hyaline, stigma greenish, veins dusky. Cauda prominent. Nectaries 

 reaching much beyond tip of abdomen. Eyes dark red. 



Isolated individuals and small colonies on Baccharis, sp. Berkeley. 



Rosce, Linn. Very common on rose in many parts of the State. 



Californica, n. sp. — Apterous viviparous female. 



Length of b ^dy, 1.92 mm.; width, .77 mm. Length of joints of 

 antennje: 111 , .35 mm ; IV., .38 mm ; V., .50 mm.; VI., .19 mm.; VII., 

 i.oS mm. General colour green. Joints of the antenna3 and the tarsi 

 black. Rostrum reaching to second cox?e, tip black. Nectaries yellow- 

 green, reaching beyond tip of abdomen. Eyes pale. 



Small colonies on tips of new growth of willow. No winged 

 individuals present. Newcastle. 



AvencE, Fabr. Present in the State, but unknown to me, and not 

 included in synoptical table. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 255 



FOUR NEW SPECIES OF CULEX. 



BY D. W. COQUILLETT, WASHINGTON, D. C. 



Culcx cantator. new species. — Female. Near sylvestris, but the 

 seventh abdominal segment almost wholly yellow scaled, etc. Head 

 l)lack, oral margin and base of antennas yellow, remainder of antennae and 

 the proboscis black, palpi brown, its scales chiefly concolorous, no cluster 

 of white hairs or scales at their apices ; narrow scales of middle of occiput 

 golden yellow, the upright ones chiefly black, sides of occiput covered 

 with depressed whitish scales and with a small cluster of black ones ; 

 thorax reddish brown, scales of mesonotum golden yellow, becoming pale 

 yellow in front of the scutellum and on the pleura ; abdomen black, its 

 scales black, except a crossband of yellowish white ones at base of each 

 segment, the bands considerably narrowed at the middle, similar scales 

 scattered over the sixth and nearly the whole of the seventh segment and 

 along apices of the two preceding segments ; legs yellow baeally, becom- 

 ing brown on the tibic^ and tarsi, scales of femora chiefly pale yellow, of 

 the tibiae mostly black, those on the hind side pale yellow, on the bases 

 of the tarsal joints whitish, those on the second joint of the hind tarsi cov- 

 ering about one-fourth the length of the joint, front tarsal claws toothed ; 

 wings hyaline, lateral scales of the veins long and narrow, hind crossvein 

 nearly its length from the small crossvein, petiole of first submarginal cell 

 from one-half to four-fifths as long as the cell; length, 4 mm. One speci- 

 men bred May 6, by Mr. LaRue Holmes. 



Habitat. — Summit, New Jersey. 



I have also examined 8 females and as many males, bred by Prof. J. 

 B. Smith, from the salt-marshes of New Jersey. In the male the scales of 

 the palpi are black, those of the under side and at bases of the last two 

 joints yellowish white, no whitish band at base of the antepenult joint. 



Prof Smith informs me that the larva is readily separated from that 

 of sylvestris. 



Ciilex auri/er, new species. — Female. Near triseriatus, but the 

 scales on sides of mesonotum golden yellow instead of white, and the 

 venter is without crossbands of black scales. Black, the halteres, coxte 

 and femora largely yellow ; scales and hairs of palpi brown, scales of occi- 

 put golden yellow, the upright ones brown ; scales in middle of mesono- 

 tum brownish black, those on the sides and many in front of the scutellum 

 golden yellow, those of pleura pale yellow ; scales of abdomen black, those 

 on the venter pale yellow, sometimes encroaching a trifle on the dorsum, 




256 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 



hairs of the first segment and at the apices of the others pale yellow ; 

 scales of femora and on posterior side of tibiae pale yellow, remaining 

 scales of tibiae and those on the tarsi black, front tarsal claws toothed ; 

 wings hyaline, lateral scales of the veins long and narrow, hind crossvein 

 about its length from the small crossvein, petiole of first submarginal cell 

 three-fifths the length of the cell; length, 4.5 mm. 



Three specimens, collected June 22 and 25, by Dr. H. G. Dyar. 



Habitat.— Centre Harbour, N. H. 



I have also examined two males and two females from Lahaway, N. 

 J., bred by Dr. J. B. Smith, who writes that the larva is very different 

 from that of iriseriatus. The adult male is similar to the female except 

 that the hairs of the palpi are chiefly whitish, and the dorsum of the 

 abdomen has several yellow scales on the apical half. 



Cidex nanus, new species. — Female. ^eSiX Jamaicensis, hwi much 

 smaller, the light-coloured scales on the tibiae not collected into spots, 

 mesonotum without round spots of yellowish scales, etc. Black, the base 

 of the antenna; except the first joint, a band at middle of proboscis, the 

 halteres and bases of femora yellow ; scales and hairs of ]ial|)i black, 

 appressed scales of occiput golden yellow, the upri^^^ht ones black, scales 

 of mesonotum golden yellow, those of the abdomen black and with a broad 

 crossband of whitish ones on the hind margin of each segment, the last 

 two segments nearly wholly whitish scaled ; scales of venter white, those 

 of femora and tibiae mixed black and whitish, the latter forming a ring near 

 three-fourths the length of each femur, scales of tarsi black, those at narrow 

 bases of the joints whitish, tarsal claws simple ; wings hyaline, the scales 

 mixed black and white, the black ones not collected into spots, lateral 

 scales of the anterior veins narrowly lanceolate, those of the other veins 

 almost linear ; length, 3 mm Four specimens collected at Key West, 

 Florida, in August, 1901, by Mr. August Busck, and six by Mr. E. A. 

 Schwarz, April i to 3, 1903. 



Type.— No. 6893, U. S. National Museum. 



Culex disco/or, new species.— Female. Differs fiom the above 

 description oi nanus as follows : palpi with a cluster of while scales at the 

 apices, upright scales of occiput yellow, whitish crossbands of abdomen 

 prolonged forward in the middle, crossing or almost crossing the segments, 

 scales on posterior side of front and middle tibia; and on anterior side of 

 the hind ones almost wholly pale yellow, first tarsal joint bearing many 

 yellow .scales, black and yellow scales of wings not evenly distributed, the 




THE CANTAUIAN EN 1 OMOLOGIST. 257 



black ones forming a distinct spot at forking of the second vein with the 

 tliird, another on ui)per branch of fifth vein at the hind crossvein, and a 

 third on the apical third of ihe last vein, remaining scales of this vein 

 wholly yellow ; length 4 mm. A specimen from Delair, New Jersey, 

 received from Prpf. J. B. Smith. 



Type. — No. 6894. U. S. National Museum. 



CORRECTIONS AND NOTES ON DR. DYAR'S LIST OF 



NOCTUIDS.— II. . 



BY A. RADCLIFFE GROTE, HILDESHEIM, GERMANY. 



Page 99. Apatela. As might have been expected from the incon- 

 spicuous markings and uniform gray colour of the moths, the identifications 

 of species of Acronyda, described by Walker and Guenee, have proved 

 difficult and often contradictory. I am now inclintd to waive all objec- 

 tions and accept Dr. Dyar's list as it stands. The only point I make is, 

 the difficulty I have in believing that, having identified xylhii/ormis, 

 Guen., already and originally for Riley, I should have redescribed 

 specimens at a later period a.^paiiidico»ia; it seems to me yet possible that 

 two forms are here "mixed up," although I know xyLniforniis to be 

 inconstant. 



106. Fragilis having been transferred to Apatela^ dipliteroides 

 becomes type of Microcoelia. Guene'e writes Diphtera, following 

 Ochsenheimer. Hiibner originally wrote Diphthera, which is 

 the correct Greek form. 



107. The generic term should read " Cyathissa" not " Cyathisa.^' 



112. This genus should be called Monodes, Guen., type jiucicolora 

 (r. nucicolor) ; the type of Oligia being st?-igi/is. 



113. Crasia, Auriv., 1891, Stand, and Rebel, 295, is a synonym of 

 Ilillia, (irote, 1S83. According to the European catalogue iris, 

 Zeit., is an older name for the variable species. 



\2\. The genus is '^ Afomaphana," not " Moinophana." 



120. No. 1267. The name illepida should be preferred, since the 



type of divirsilineata had patclud wings and the species is 



irrecognizable from this description, and the identification of the 



type uncertain. 

 124. As I have shown in these pages, the citation to Pseudanarta of 



Hy. Edwards is spurious. There is no such name 'in Proc, Cal. 



Acad. Sci., Pac. Coast, Le[)., Nos. i to 22. 




258 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



132. Blanda, cited, I believe, wrongly under Afetaiepsis, is repeated 

 in the right place on page 178 under Psei-idoglaea. It should be 

 struck out here. 



138. Prof. Smith is responsible for the confusion in the name of this 

 common species. Subgothica of Stephens is = jaculifera, Guen. 

 The original subgothica of Haworth is claimed as British by 

 Tutt. In the meantime Slingerland says subgothica of Haworth is 

 tricosa, Lintner. My original determination should not iiave been 

 altered. But whether jaculifera, Guen., tricosa, Linlner, and 

 heriiis, Grote, which I still claim as the correct scientific names for 

 the three forms (leaving out Haworth's variously interpreted name 

 entirely, for the sake of clearness and precision) are distinct 

 species and not forms of one, seems not definitely known. 



140. The new name Paragrotis is unnecessary. Carnendes being 

 preoccupied, the genus should be called F/eotiectopoda, with the 

 type Lewisi, which has in any way priority. In the meantime I 

 cannot but believe the genus must be represented in Europe, and 

 that some Hiibnerian name will eventually be found for it. Others 

 of our American names at expense of Agrotis, Lederer, may be 

 found in the same case. 



149. It should be aratrix, not ''atratrix.'" 



150. From photographs and descriptions, I cannot believe that Prof. 

 Smith's profundus and obscurus are distinct species from our 

 eastern Anytus sculptus. 



154. At length the dispute as to comis is decided in my favour, and 

 the type is therefore not "like typical olivacea, but so spread that 

 the insect appears more pluniii, shorter winged and differently 

 marked"! It now appears that after having disposed of my species 

 in this manner. Prof Smith has redescribed the form or species five 

 times, thus affording ample proof of the incorrectness of the 

 original statement. Time, as Mr. Strecker used to say, at length 

 sets all things even. 



157. Instead of Neuronia (preocc.) it would appear that Epineuronia, 

 Rebel, should be used for No. 1883. 



167. The term Acerra with the type twrmalis should be used here 

 as being more correct and also earlier published than Streichia, 

 described as a notodont, and which I regard as a synonym of 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 259 



Ferigrapha, Led. I am not agreed with tlie reference of muricina 

 \.o p/iisii/orttiis, hut I have no material of the former to compare. 



173. For Asteroscopus, Boisd. Bracliionyclia, Hiibn., should be 

 used ; see Staud. & Rebjl, p. 181, 1. c. 



177. Xanthia. The type is paleacea. According to Staud. & 

 Rebel, 207, the species cited as '■• //avago," No. 2199, should be 

 called hitea, Strom.; it belongs to Citria, Hiibn. From the photo- 

 graph /Z(t/^/i^//<? bel )ngs to Orthosia ; this specific name is too often 

 used. Ptcta is same as Orthosia enroa.* 



181. Morrison sent me apiata as '^G/cea, n. s.," Bull. B. S. N. S., 21 1, 

 1875. It was not type oi sericea which I noted, Bull. Brklyn Ent. 

 Soc, 37, 1880, but a s[)ec. of venustula so named. But Morrison's 

 original description cannot well apply to a Glcea at all, as elsewhere 

 shown by me. At any rate venustula is being called sericea. 



No. 2183. The authority should read Grote, not Grote & Robinson. 



2197. I regard a;/^///ti/rt ('^x/r/w^//^^ as a distinct species. 



Page 178. It is my fault that Trigonophora is here used. The genus 

 should be Habryntis, Lederer, 1857. I have a specimen of the 

 green H. scita, which shows an orange-brown tinting, and recalls 

 thus more nearly the American species. 



179. For '' Cosmia, Ochs," read Xanthia, Hiibn. 



No. 2222. I prefer ferruginoides for the species and bicolorago for 

 the variety, since this arrangement brings the forms into corre- 

 spondence with the original descriptions. It ought to make no 

 difference which stands first on Guenee's page. The important 

 point is, that the name is sustained by the original description, 

 which should always be looked up, and is the only basis and 

 warrant for the application of the name. 



2354. ^r<://"<?ra is a dimorphic $ form o{ Spraguei ; a similar varia- 

 tion is shown by brevis and atrites. I figure both sexes of 

 Spraguei with yellow hind wings. I wonder how many times 

 more I must repeat this. I have never seen a male arcifera with 

 black secondaries. 



2358. I think inortua might stand as an immaculate form of 

 Packardii; nobilis merely has the lines more distinct than the 

 latter, better written. 




260 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



2617. For " pentia " read />enita. 



2650. For " lixivia " read lixiva. 



2696. I draw attention to my papers in Can. Ent , Vols. IX. and 

 XI. I believe the three forms here cited to be distinct. I refer 

 tortricina to Spragueia. Fruva fasciatella and obsoleta appear to 

 differ in the structure of the front as well as in ornamentation. 

 The Californian acerba is nt2iX fasciatella. I do not know who is 

 responsible for the present jumble. If these forms are not kept 

 separate they will inevitably be described over again. 



A NEW GECANTHUS FROM ILLINOIS. 



BY E. S. G. TITUS, WASHINGTON, D. C. 



CEca?tthus Forbes i, n. sp. — ^. General colour pale yellow. Length 

 to tip of wings 17 mm.; greatest width acri^ss closed wing-covers, 3.5 mm. 

 Very slender, elongate in general shape, somewhat resembling Zabea 

 hiptinctata (DeG.), but the outline of the closed wing-covers is more 

 elongate. 



Face rather more elongate than in other species in the Gi^canthinas ; 

 maxillary palpi 5-jointed,^r.f/' and .f^r£'«^ short, broadened at tips; third 

 slender, elongate, as long as fourth and fifth united ; fourth slightly clavate, 

 distinctly constricted at the middle ; fifth shorter than fourth, elliptical, 

 elongate, and very dark ; all the joints pubescent ; labial palpi \y'\\\\ first 

 joint short ; second yi longer ; third slightly longer than second, obliquely 

 truncate at tip and very slender at base. Eyes reddish-brown. Antennee 

 filiform, almost as long as the body ; all the joints except basal two 

 alternately equal in length up to 20th joint (except also the fifth, it being 

 slightly elongate), i2-i5th joints not elongated. First basal joint with a 

 broad longitudinal black stripe on the inner side beneath, and a slight 

 trace of a brownish horizontal line near the apex on the outside ; second 

 joint with two longitudinal parallel black lines beneath. This joint and 

 those following have each at their apex, beneath, a brown line. 



Thorax elongate, narrower anteriorly ; sides deflexed, with their lower 

 margins slightly reflexed. Wing-covers flattened, very narrow ; wings ys 

 longer than covers. Hind legs long and slender, their tib,i?e armed with 

 six pairs of medium spines, all tipped with black. All the tarsi and claws 

 black. Abdomen quite dark beneath. 



Male cerci reaching almost to tip of the wings. 



Habitat. — Urbana, 111., September; C. H. Hart. 




TLIE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 261 



This differs from typical (Ecanthus by not having maxillary palpi 

 with last three joints elongate, subequal, and last joint excavated at tip 

 beneath; from Zabea by not having fifth joint of maxillary palpi longer than 

 third and fourth very short. It can easily be separated by the antennal 

 characters noticed above from other species in the subfamily {CE. 

 argetitinus and CE. calif ornicus not seen.) 



In all other species examined there were several joints between the 

 second and twentieth of the antennt« that were much elongated. 



This species was first noticed by the author when classifying the 

 species of (Ecanthince in the 111. State Laboratory of Nat. History, for the 

 purpose of making some food studies in the group. It is described at the 

 request of the Director of the Laboratory, Dr. S. H. Forbes, in whose 

 honour I have named the species. 



NOTES ON CULEX KELLOGGII, THEOBALD. 



BY D. W COQUILLETT, WASHINGTON, D. C. 



In the Canadian Entomologist for August, Mr. Theobald described 

 a Ctilex Kelloggii as new; the description agrees well with the specimens 

 on which I founded Ciilex tarsalis*, and undoubtedly refers to the same 

 species. 



My specimens were from the same lot as the one which Dr. Williston 

 described as Culex, n. sp.f, to which description Lieut. Giles applied the 

 name of Culex Willistoni. n. sp.j; the latter name is therefore also a 

 synonym of tarsalis. 



On page 25 of the Kansas University Science Bulletin, June, 1903, 

 Mr. C. F. Adams described a Culex affinis, n. sp. ^not of Stephens, 1825), 

 which is evidently founded on a somewhat abraded specimen of tarsalis. 

 The synonymy at present is therefore as follows : 

 Culex TARSALIS, Coquillett, 1896. 

 Culex, n. sp., Williston, 1893. 

 Culex Willistoni, Giles, 1900. 

 Culex affinis, Adams, June, 1903. 

 Culex Kelloggii, Theobald, August, 1903. 



*Can. Ent., Feb.. 1S96, p. 43. 



tNorth American Fauna, No. 7, May 31, 1S93, p. 253. 



+Handbook of Gnats or Mosquitoes, 1900, p. 281. 




262 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



EUTHRIPS AND HEDYCHRIDIUM IN NEW MEXICO. 



BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, EAST LAS VEGAS, N. MEX. 



THRIPIDyE. 



Euthrips trittci (Fitch.). — At Las Vegas, Hot Springs, N. M., on 

 May 17, 1903, I found Ribcs cereiiin, Dougl, presenting numerous flower- 

 galls of rather pumpkin-like form and greenish-white colour, about 9 mm. 

 long and 8 broad. These consisted of the swollen and deformed flowers, 

 the walls of the calyx being thickened and greatly inflated. I rathar 

 expected to find in them dipterous larvae, but they contained nothing but 

 thrips, which, I am sure, is responsible for the damage. After careful 

 comparison with the published accounts, and especially that of Mr. W. E. 

 Hinds, I am quite unable to separate the thrips from the well-known 

 Euthrips tritici. 



ChRYSIDID/E. 



Hedychridium amabile, sp. n. — Length about 3 millim., shining green 

 and crimson. Head yellowish-green, the vertex crimson, shading into 

 yellow ; antennae black ; thorax green, the pro- and mesothorax mostly 

 crimson dorsally, the crimson shading into golden at the sides ; scutellum 

 suffused with the same colours ; sides of post-scutellum, and hind corners 

 and narrow hind border of proihorax, more or less brilliant blue ; abdomen 

 yellowish-green shot with crimson. Ocelli in a not far from equilateral 

 triangle ; prothorax and mesothorax, seen from above, about equal in 

 length ; prothorax with large, close subconfluent punctures ; mesothorax 

 with well-separated punctures of various sizes ; triangular area at base of 

 metathorax with no median ridge, the area is minutely transversely ridged, 

 except at the lateral corners, where the ridges run obliquely ; sides of 

 metathorax irregularly cancellate ; abdomen very closely punctured, third 

 segment without any fovea or peculiarity of sculpture ; legs dark, basal 

 half of tarsi light reddish. AVhen the abdomen is viewed laterally, the 

 apex of the second segment is level with the base of the third. 



Plab. — Mesilla Park, N. M., on campus of Agricultural College, May 

 8, 1900. ( Cockerell ). A lovely little species, known from others by its 

 metathoracic sculpture. 



1 will take this opportunity to record Chrysis inflata, Aaron (det. 

 du Buysson), from the Wiegand Ranch, near Las Vegas, N. M., March r. 

 Wiih this the recorded New Mexico Chrysididse now number 19 species. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 263 



TWO NEW PTINID.4^.. 



BY C. SCHAEFFER, MUSEUM OF THE BROOKLYN INST. OF ARTS AND 



SCIENCES. 



A number of new species, either entirely new or known only from 

 Mexico or Central America, have been brought back by me from the 

 lower Rio Grande. The description of these new species, together with a 

 list of the species known to occur in that region, will be published by me 

 in the Bulletin of the Museum of the Brooklyn Inst, of Arts and Sciences. 

 The two following species are here described in advance, in order that 

 they may be included in the revision of the Ptinidae on which Prof Fall 

 is at work. 



The types are in the collection of the Museum of the Brooklyn 

 Institute of Arts in Sciences. 



Trichodesfna Texana, n. sp. — Cylindrical oblong, form of sordida, 

 black, twice as long as wide, with white and fulvous recumbent pubescence, 

 intermixed with longer erect hairs. Antennae brown, last three joints 

 longer than the preceding. Head black, densely granulated, pubescence 

 white, intermixed with fulvous. Thorax broader than long, sides arcuate 

 in front, sinuately narrowing to the hind angles, disc gibbous, hardly 

 sulcate at the gibbosity, surface granulate and densely clothed with white 

 and fulvous short recumbent hairs, intermixed with longer erect hairs, 

 gibbosity with four black spots, two at the summit and two below these, 

 no brush-like tufts. Elytra as broad as the thorax at middle, regularly 

 striate, with coarse, deep, closely-placed punctures, very densely clothed 

 with white recumbent pubescence, reaching nearly to the apex, terminated 

 by a few black spots ; apex sparsely clothed with fulvous pubescence. 

 Body beneath black, shining, with dense gray pubescence.- 



Length, 4-5 mm. 



Esperanza Ranch, near Brownsville, Tex. 



This species seems to be very near T. albina, Gorh.*, but, judging 

 from the description and figure, is distinct from it. All the specimens I 

 have laken are quite constant, except in the distinctness of the hind angles. 

 These are in some specimens distinct, and the sinuation before them is 

 very pronounced, in others the angles can be called rounded, in these the 

 sinuation is much less pronounced. 



"Biol. Central. Americana, Vol. III., part 2, p. 199. 




264 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



T?-ichodesina pulchella, n. sp. — Oblong, slightly more robust than 

 gibbosa, black, with very short brown recumbent pubescence, intermixed 

 with longer erect hairs, sides of thorax, base of elytra, a narrow strongly 

 dentate median band and apex with a denser vvhite pubescence. Antennae 

 brownish, last three joints as long as the preceding. Head black, 

 with not densely-placed granules, clothed with white pubescence, denser 

 at apex. Thorax broader than long, sides arcuate in front, slightly to the 

 hind angles, which are almost rounded, disc gibbous behind, slightly 

 sulcate from the apical margin to the summit of gibbosity, surface 

 distinctly granulate, clothed with dense, very short hairs, white at sides 

 and apex, light brown at middle, without brush-like tufts at gibbosity. 

 Elytra as wide as the thorax at middle, surface with irregular, closely- 

 placed, coarse, deep punctures, clothed with very fine, short recumbent 

 brownish hairs, a band at base, a narrow, sharply dentate median fascia 

 and apex of dense white pubescence. Between the median fascia and the 

 white apical space near the suture is a white longitudinal streak on each 

 elytron, reaching to the apical space and terminated by a black spot. At 

 the apex of the white basal band is also a black spot on each side. Body 

 beneath black, shining, densely pubescent, with short, fine gray hairs. 



Length, 5.5-7 mm. 



Esperanza Ranch, near Brownsville, Tex. 



A number of this beautiful species I obtained by beating ebony, but 

 it occurred on different other trees also, but rarely. A few specimens of 

 a species which I take to be T. sordida, Horn, were taken at the same 

 place. 



CULEX CONSOBRINUS : A REJOINDER. 



BY J. M. ALDRICH, MOSCOW, IDAHO. 



In the August number of this journal, Mr. Coquillett has given his 

 reasons for not accepting Culex inortiatus as the proper name for the 

 species which he has called C. cofisobrinus. He bases his claim for the 

 name consobrinus on a supposed error of Desvoidy's in the indentifica- 

 tion oi pipiens, relying on the length mentioned, 3 lines, as proof that 

 Desvoidy's species could not have been the real pipiens. My own article 

 on the subject, in the July number, had intimated that Desvoidy had 

 erred in the measurement given. Since then I find that Theobald (Mon. 

 Culicida\ II.; 135) gives 6 mm. as the maximum length of pipietis ; this, 

 of course, is equivalent to Desvoidy's 3 lines. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 265 



The locality given by Desvoidy, " Pennsylvania," is not of great 

 significance, as it was not uncommon for the older entomologists to assign 

 this locality to material received from Philadelphia, even if not collected 

 near there. It is Osten Sacken, I think, who in one place instances a 

 species published with the locality Philadelphia, which has not since been 

 taken except in Texas. 



Considering the facts brought out in this discussion, it is clear that 

 nobody knows, or can know, what consobrifius is. Whether a sufficient 

 probability has been adduced to justify the use of the name, is a question 

 upon which entomologists may differ ; as before, I think the name should 

 not be used. A much larger problem is involved here than the name of a 

 single species. The use of old names which are of more or less doubtful 

 application has been overdone in the Diptera in recent years, in my 

 opinion. The idea that we must " do something " with all the old names 

 seems to me unscientific. Rather we should try to follow the rule of not 

 using a name unless we know that it stands for something. The difficulty 

 of harmonizing the practice of entomologists arises from the fact that there 

 is no definite criterion in most cases, and the decision rests on the '•' ento- 

 mological sense " of the person making it ; what is convincing to one will 

 not be to another. 



I have not the slightest interest in saving the name ifiornalus from 

 synonymy, except from the fact that it is the only name which is 

 positively known to apply to the species under consideration. I doubt 

 if the species could be recognized from the description ; but in this 

 case we have the type in the U. S. National Museum, examined by Mr. 

 Coquillett and found to be this species. 



I have in my previous article explained why impatiens z.nd phiguis 

 cannot be used for this species. Mr. Coquillett seems to argue that 

 either name is available unless somebody can disprove it ; my position is 

 that affirmative proof is necessary. 



Miss Alice L. Embleton, of Newnnam College, Cambridge, Eng- 

 land, has been awarded the Royal Society's Mackinnon Studentship in 

 Biology, the object of which is to encourage scientific research in any 

 department in this great field of natural science. She has decided 

 to confine her investigations to the parasites of destructive insects, 

 in the hope that she may be rewarded with discoveries of great 

 economic importance by finding natural enemies of greater efficiency 

 than any artificial insecticides. It is much to be hoped that she 

 may prove a worthy successor of the late Miss Eleanor Ormerod. 




266 THE CANA.DIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



BOOK NOTICE. 

 A Catalogue of the Coccid.^ of the World. — By Mrs. Maria E. 

 Fernald, A.M., Amherst, Mass. Special Bulletin (No. 88) of the 

 Hatch Experiment Station of the Massachusetts Agricultural College, 

 1903. One Vol., 8vo., pp. 360. 



The authoress gives us in this volume a most valuable and complete 

 catalogue of the Coccidas of the World, the results of nearly twenty-five 

 years of patient and careful labour. No one who has not attempted work 

 of this kind can form any idea of the difficulties of the task, the immense 

 number of publications to be gone over, the care and accuracy that are 

 required and the systematic methods that must be adopted, and conse- 

 quently few estimate as highly as they should the gratitude that is due 

 to one who spends years of toil in making the way easy for all future 

 students in the particular department of natural science that is 

 taken up. The classification of the Coccidae has long been in a 

 somewhat chaotic condition ; the present work will help very 

 materially in reducing the confusion and bringing out order and 

 system instead. Mrs. Fernald does not expect entire agree- 

 ment with her conclusions, but we venture to think that few will 

 endeavour to criticise her work, inasmuch as it has been done with such 

 care and freedom from prejudice. In every case where changes in no- 

 menclature are made the history 'of the genus or species is given by means 

 of the full bibliographical references, and the evidence seems complete. 

 No less than 15 14 species are listed, and of each one bibliographical 

 references are given, with the geographical distribution and food-plants 

 when known. The volume is well and clearly printed, and its value is 

 much enhanced by the very full index to species as well as genera with 

 which it closes. 



A Coleopterous Conundrum. — There has been so great a desire to 

 obtain specimens of the remarkable beetle described by ^Nlrs. Slosson in the 

 May number of this magazine, that she is compelled to say that she has 

 only a few examples left and is unable to give away any more. 



Dr. Dyar, in his zeal for the laws of priority, contends that the 

 name jocularly given to the insect by Mrs. Slosson {Igtiottis miigmaticus) 

 should be taken as founding a new genus and a ne^v species. This 

 seems absurd, when there was no attempt made to give a scientific 

 description of the creature, and the authoress says expressly that she 

 merely applied the name " sometime^, in chat over her discovery !" 



Mailed September 4th, 1903. 




%l\t €attat{tcii| Jntonmla^bt. 



Vol. XXXV. LONDON, OCTOBER, 1903. No. 10 



ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO. 



The fortieth annual meetuig of the Society was held at Ottawa on 

 the 3rd and 4th of September. On the former day a meeting of the 

 Council for the transaction of business was held in the morning ; in the 

 afternoon reports were read from the various Branches, Sections and 

 Officers of the Society, as well as several papers of an interesting character. 

 In the evening a public meeting was held in the Assembly Hall of the 

 Normal School, at whicli the President, Professor Lochhead, read his 

 annual address. He was followed by Dr. L. O. Howard, of Washington, 

 United States Entomologist, who gave a very clear and most interesting 

 account of the transmission of yellow fever by mosquitoes. The second 

 day was occupied with the reading and discussion of papers, the election 

 of officers and the examination of a number of specimens brought by the 

 members. A full account of the proceedings will be given in the Annual 

 Report of the Society to the Legislature of Ontario. 



The following were elected officers for the ensuing year : 



Preside7it — Professor William Lochhead, B. A., M. S., Ontario 

 Agricultural College, Guelph. 



Vice-President — T. D. Evans, C. E., Trenton. 



Secretary — VV. E. Saunde.rs, London. 



Treasurer — J. A. Balkwill, London. 



Directors: Division No. i — C. H. Young, Hurdman's Bridge. 

 Division No. 2 — C. E. Grant, Orillia. 

 Division No. 3 — J. B. Williams, Toronto. 

 Division No. 4 — G. E. Fisher, Freeman. 

 Division No. 5 — R. W. Rennie, London. 



Directors Ex-officio (ex-Presidents of the Society) — Professor William 

 Saunders, LL.D., F.L.S., F.R.S.C, Director of the Experimental Farms, 

 Ottawa; Rev. C. J. S. Bethune, M.A., D.C.L., F.R.S.C, London; James 

 Fletcher, LL.D., F.L.S., F.R.S.C, Entomologist and Botanist of the 




268 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



Experimental Farms, Ottawa; W. H. Harrington, F.R.S.C, Ottawa; 

 John Dearness, B.A., Vice-Principal Normal School, London ; Henry H. 

 Lyman, M.A., F.R.G.S., F.E.S., Montreal: Rev. T. W. Fyles, D.C.L., 

 F.L.S., South Quebec. 



Librarian and Curator — J. Alston Moffat, London. 



Auditors — W. H. Hamilton and S. B. McCready, London. 



Editor of the Canadian Entomologist — Rev. Dr. Bethune, London. 



Editing Committee — Dr. J. Fletcher, Ottawa ; H. H. Lyman, 

 Montreal ; J. D. Evans, Trenton ; W. H. Harrington, Ottawa ; Professor 

 Lochhead, Guelph. 



Delegate to the Royal Society — Rev. Dr. Bethune, London. 



Delegates to the Western Fair — J. A. Balkwill and W. E. Saunders, 

 London. 



Finance Committee— Dr. Bethune, J. Dearness and the Treasurer. 



Committee on Field Days — The Chairmen of the Sections and Dr. 

 Woolverton, Messrs. Balkwill, Bowman, Law, Moffat, Rennie and 

 Saunders, London. 



Library and Rooms Committee — Messrs. Balkwill, Bethune, Bow- 

 man, Dearness, Moffat and Saunders, London. 



A NEW BOM BUS FROM COSTA RICA. 



BY J. C. CRAWFORD, JR., WEST POINT, NEBR., AND MYRON H. SWENK, 



LINCOLN, NEBR. 



Bombus leucomelas, n. sp. — ^. Black, with deep black pubescence, 

 except that on anterior half of mesothorax, which is grayish, tipped with 

 black, and on abdominal segments 3-6, which is pure white ; clypeus 

 arched, weakly and very sparsely punctured ; labrum basally with two 

 widely separated tubercles ; joint i of flagellum equal to 2 and 3 together; 

 wings deeply infuscated, iridescent ; basal joint of hind tarsi not pointed 

 at apex ; pubescence of legs black. Length 21-22 mm. 



^'. Similar to ? , but much smaller, the third abdominal segment with 

 black pubescence, the clypeus more strongly punctured. Length, 10-14 

 ram. ^ . Unknown. 



One 5, Cartago, June, 1903; one $, Volcano Irazu, February 22, 

 1902 ; four 5$, Monte Redonda, March 3, 1902. 



Near to B.funebris, Sm., from which it differs in its larger size, the 

 pubescence of the mesothorax not snow-white on the disc, and the third 

 abdominal segment not black. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 269 



NOTES ON THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OFISODONTIA, 



PATTON, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF A NEW 



SPECIES AND VARIETY. 



BY H. T. FERNALD, PH. T>., AMHERST, MASS. 



The North American species of Isodontia may be distinguished by 

 means of the following table : 



1. Mandible with two teeth (anterior tooth sometimes partly divided) . . 2 

 Mandible with three teeth 7 



2. Petiole black 3 



Petiole yellow exornata, n. sp 



3. Third segment of antenna longer than seventh or eighth 4 



Third segment of antenna shorter than seventh or eighth 5 



4. Median segment above with long white 



hairs macrocephala^ var. cinerea, n. var 



Median segment above without long white hairs . . .macrocephala, Fox 



5. Body hairs gray 6 



Body hairs black azteca, Sauss., var 



6. Front part of wings fuscous azteca, Sauss 



Wings entirely fuscous azteca, Sauss., var 



7. Legs more or less yellowish 8 



Legs black apicalis, Sm 



8. Abdomen black tibialis, Lep 



Abdomen more or less yellowish elegans, Sm 



I atn hardly prepared at present to accept Isodontia elegans^ Smith. 

 as a variety of /. apica/is, Smith. The differences between the two seem 

 to be very constant, and their distribution appears to be somewhat differ- 

 ent, elegans being more a southern and western form, v^\\\\q apical is occurs 

 chiefly in the central, eastern and northern States. 



Pation (Proc. Ent. Soc, Wash., III., p. 46) regards fuacrocephala, 

 Fox, as a synonym of azteca, Sauss. With this I am unable to agree, all 

 the specimens of a large series of both of these species before tne being 

 distinguishable almost at a glance. The type specimen of macrocephala 

 has the anterior tooth of the mandible v/ith a groove dividing it into two 

 portions, which leads me to believe that in this insect the mandible was 

 originally three-toothed, but that the anterior two have partially fused. 

 All my specimens of azteca, on the other hand, indicate an originally two- 

 toothed mandible, and though the anterior tooth is blunt in many cases, it 




270 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 



shows no trace of any longitudinal groove, such as is present in the type 

 of macrocephala. However, the length of the third segment of the 

 antenna as compared with that of the seventh or eighth in the two species 

 should be sufficient to show that the two are not identical in any case. 



Isodotitia apicalis. Smith, has sometimes been considered as a 

 synonym of Sphex philade/phica, Lep. . but I regard this as based on 

 insufficient evidence. Lepeletier's description gives no characters which 

 would place it in the more recent genus Isodofitia, and in two points 

 differs from what has been commonly considered that species. Lepeletier 

 says (Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Hymenopteres, III., p. 340) : 

 "Thorax niger, nigro villosus," and " tarsorum quatuor anticorum articulo 

 extremeo ferrugineo." None of the many specimens of what has been 

 considered this insect which I have examined agree in these points with 

 this description. An attempt to locate the type in order to settle the 

 matter has proved a failure. The insect was in the Serville collection, and 

 this is not at the Museum d'Histoire Naturelle at Paris, and Monsieur R. 

 du Buysson writes me : " lis out du etre vendus et separes dans beaucoup 

 d'autres collections. Actuellement Ton ignore oii ils se trouvent." I may 

 add that Dr. F. Fr. Kohl, of Vienna, who has given much study to this 

 group, writes me : " Wahrscheinlich ist Sph. philadelphicus Lepeletiers 

 gar keine Isodontia." 



Under these conditions it seems best to apply Smith's name — 

 apicalis — to this insect, at least until Lepeletier's type shall be found. 



hodo7itia exornata, n sp. 



Head : clypeus somewhat arched laterally, with a feint median carina 

 most pronounced posteriorly, sometimes not perceptible ; anterior edge 

 slightly prolonged laterally, with a slight notch at the middle; surface 

 covered sparsely with yellow hairs. Clypeus and frons to level of inser- 

 tion of antenuce golden pubescent. Mandibles two-toothed, black at base 

 and tip 3 elsewhere ferruginous. Eyes somewhat nearer at the clypeus 

 than at the vertex. Antennse, first six to eight segments ferruginous, 

 terminal segments black ; scape bearing a few yellowish hairs ; third 

 segment longest. Head with scattered punctures and sparsely covered 

 with long yellowish hairs. A narrow, yellow pubescent band just behind 

 the eye. 



Thorax : collar faintly punctured, clothed with scattered yellow 

 hairs ; its dorsal edge and the posterior edge of the prothoracic lobe 

 golden pubescent. Mesonotum black with yellow hairs, rather coarsely 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 271 



punctured and with a short median, unpunctured groove extending about 

 one-third its length from its anterior edge. A small, somewhat triangular 

 spot of golden pubescence is situated on the pleuron just posterior to the 

 prothoracic lobe, and sometimes a smaller one occurs between this and 

 the wing attachment. Tegulas smooth, pale yellow. Mesopleura and 

 sternum covered sparingly with long yellow hairs. Scutellum black, 

 punctured, the punctures rather more scattered than on the mesonotum ; 

 on each side just mesad to the attachment of the hind wings is a golden 

 pubescent spot. Postscutellum covered by golden pubescence. Median 

 segment coarsely punctured, on each side a golden pubescent band passes 

 from the front edge just lateral to the edge of the pubescence on the post- 

 scutellum backward below the stigma to the posterior coxa, Just above 

 the base of the petiole is a golden pubescent spot. 



Abdomen : petiole slightly curved, ferruginous yellow, somewhat 

 darker at the base beneath, covered with yellowish hairs; its posterior 

 portion yellowish pubescent. Base of abdomen above, yellowish, remain- 

 der black, the hinder edges of the segments, however, dull yellowish ; 

 surface finely pale pubescent. A few hairs scattered over the more 

 posterior segments. Beneath, minutely punctured, with scattered hairs in 

 the female, in the male with a cross row of black hairs on each of the last 

 three or four segments. Legs : coxse, trochanters and proximal part of 

 femora black, hairy, remainder ferruginous. .Sometimes a yellowish 

 pubescence is present on the coxa^ and trochanters. Tips of claws nearly 

 black. Spines dark ferruginous. Posterior tibia^ yellow pubescent 

 behind. Wings smoky, with a slight violet reflection. 



Length, 16-20 mm. Wing expanse, about 30 mm. 



Described from five male and two female specimens from Indian 

 River and Biscayne Bay, Fla., and from N. C. and Ga. Types have been 

 deposited- in the collections of the National Museum at Washington, 

 American Entomological Society at Philadelphia, Massachusetts Agricul- 

 tural College, Amherst, Mass., and of Mr. W. H. Ashmead, Washington, 

 D. C. 



Isodoiitia macrocephala, var. cinerea, n. var. 



This variety differs from the typical form only in the fact that the 

 thoracic hairs are longer and whiter, giving the insect a noticeably gray 

 appearance very different from that of the typical form, which is glossy 

 black, the few gray hairs not modifying this, and, in fact, being generally 

 overlooked unless the body is closely examined. 




272 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



EUCOREFHRA, A GENUS OF CULICID.^. 



BY D. W. COQUILLETT, WASHINGTON, D. C. 



Eucoret/ii\T, Undeiwood.* 



Intermediate between Corethrella and Sayomyia, having the antennse 

 14-jointed, as in the former, but the spaces between the verticels almost 

 bare, as in the latter; differing from each in the much shorter second joint 

 of the antenn:i3, which is only slightly longer than wide. Antennas of male 

 rather robust, submoniliform on the basal half, the first six joints only 

 slightly longer than wide, the remaining joints increasing in length and 

 decreasing in diameter toward the apex, the antepenult about half as 

 long as the penult, verticels composed of numerous very long bristly hairs 

 except on the last joint ; antennie of female nearly cylindrical, the joints 

 gradually increasing in length to the apex, scarcely thickened at the inser- 

 tion of the verticels, which consist of a few rather short bristly hairs ; 

 proboscis about one and one-half times as long as height of head, palpi 

 inserted near three-fourths of its length, 4-jointed ; first tarsal joint much 

 longer than the second ; venation as in Culex. Type, the following 

 species : 



Eucorethra Ujiderwoodi, Underwood. 



Black, the bases of antenn?e, of wings, stems of halteres, coxae, 

 femora except their broad apices, and the tibiae, yellow; thorax gray 

 pruinose and marked with three velvet black vittje, the median one 

 extending from the front end to slightly beyond the middle, and divided 

 lengthwise by a gray line, the lateral ones reaching from the hind end of 

 the mesonotum nearly to the suture ; abdomen somewhat polished, its 

 hairs yellow ; hairs of legs chiefly black, those at apices of femora and 

 tibiae golden yellow, tarsal claws of female with a single tooth near the 

 base, those of tiie male with an additional tooth near the middle ; wings 

 hyaline, a large brown cloud on veins at apices of first and second basal 

 cells, at base of second vein, of first submarginal and second posterior 

 cell, hairs of veins black, small and hind crossveins interstitial, petiole of 

 first submarginal cell three-fourths as long as that cell, petiole of second 

 l)osterior cell noticeably longer than the cell; length, 8 mm. A specimen 

 of each sex bred at Kaslo, British Columbia, June 23 and July 8, by Dr. 

 H. G. Dyar. Type, No. 6925, U. S. National Museum. 



I have also studied a feinale specimen bred March i, by Prof. W. L. 

 Underwood, of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, after whom the 

 species is named, in recognition of his first discovery of this interesting 

 form. Prof. Underwood's specimens were obtained in the woods of 

 Maine. 



*Science, August 7th, 1903, patje 182. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 273 



THE LIFE HISTORY OF MAMESTRA LAUDABILIS, GUENEE. 



BY HARRISON G. DYAR, WASHINGTON, D. C. 



The eggs of this species were received from the Rev. R. W. Ander- 

 son, of Wando, North Carohna. They hatched May 22, and the larvae 

 were matured by the middle of July. The larvte are coloured to resemble 

 a piece of wood or bark, and remain all day motionless, hidden on the 

 ground. They are remarkably sluggish, can be handled freely for a con- 

 siderable time without making the slightest motion. They are general 

 feeders. 



Egg. — -Shape of two-thirds of a sphere, somewhat flattened. About 

 24 sharp, vertical ribs, diminishing in number by alternation towards 

 vertex, waved, joined in a ring around the micropyle ; cross striae distinct, 

 about like the ribs, forming a large, coarse reticulum. Whitish, with a 

 broad, irregular dark-red ring and vertical spot, partly confluent. 

 Diameter .6 mm. 



Stage I. — Head slightly bilobed, shining brownish black, mouth 

 broadly pale luteous, jaws red-brown; width about .3 mm. Body robust, 

 short and stout, normal, joints 5 to 7 slightly arched, feet of 7 and 8 

 shorter than the others, but distinct. Pale whitish, tubercles small, black, 

 but strongly raised. Sette long, pale and distinct. Cervical shield black, 

 angularly shaped, containing four raised pale tubercles. Later the 

 cervical shield and tubercles are black except a lateral pale patch ; anal 

 plate defined by black ; leg shields faintly dusky. Still later there appear 

 narrow dorsal and subdorsal white lines. 



Stage II. — Head rounded, apex in joint 2, shining brownish black, 

 mouth paler; width about .5 mm. Body robust, equal, normal, joint 12 

 not enlarged ; shields not differentiated. Olivaceous gray, paler in 

 curved bands in the incisures ; a faint, pale, subdorsal line edged below 

 with blackish ; stigmatal band broad, whitish. Tubercles black, 

 moderate ; setse stiff, long, dark, curved backwards. Later brownish- 

 gray, the dorsum checkered with blackish X-marks intersegmentally. 



Stage III. — Head pale brown on face, vertex broadly sooty black 

 with a bar running down a little way on each lobe before ; width about .7 

 mm. Body robust, joint 12 not enlarged. Wood-brown, dorsal line 

 white, narrow, subobsolete, dorsal space tessellated with intersegmental 




274 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



X-maiks of grayish-black, more solidly filled on thorax. Subdorsal line 

 white, straight, distinct, filled in below with black to a waved, narrow, 

 white, lateral line. Subventer gray shaded. Tubercles black, not raised ; 

 setcC coarse, pale. 



Stage IV. — Head brown, obscurely mottled, a broad, curved, black 

 band on face of lobe and spot on eye ; width i mm. Body flattened, 

 sluggish in habit, setae stiff, curving alternately forwards and backwards ; 

 no shields ; joint i 2 not enlarged. Pale wood-brown, the dorsal smoky 

 lattice-work obscurely cut by faint, pale, broken dorsal line. Subdorsal 

 line concolorous with the ground, narrowly edged with blackish above. 

 Sides black shaded ; stigmatal region broadly pale ; subventer and venter 

 black shaded. Tubercles small, black. Skin granular spinulose. 



Stage V. — Head pale brown, the clypeus and vertex darker ; 

 reticulations and curved band dull black; width 1.8 mm. Body flattened, 

 squarish, densely papillose granular; setce short, thick, broadly clavate ; 

 joints 12 and 13 dorsally folded, elevated. Light brown, brokenly 

 reticulated in black, dorsal diamond - shaped lattice dark brown ; 

 subdorsal line straight, pale, of the ground colour, edged with black, 

 forming triangular, segmentary velvety patches on a gray-black ground 

 laterally. Substigmatal band of ground colour, broad, sharply edged, 

 undulate ; subventer blackish shaded. Feet pale. Tubercles small, 

 black. 



Stage VI. — Head slightly bilobed, rounded, apex in joint 2; wood- 

 brown, mottled with black and reticulate, with curved vertical bands ; 

 width 2.3 mm. Body flattened, thorax depressed, subventral region 

 prominent, joint 12 with distinct folds at tubercle ii. and 13 at tubercle 

 i., rigid, resembling a broken piece of wood. Ground colour yellowish 

 wood-brown, black dotted reticulate, papillose granular. Dorsal pale line 

 edged by small black segmental lines, being the remains of the obsolete 

 dorsal lattice marking. Joint 12 posteriorly shaded with black, behind 

 the folded hump of tubercle ii. Subdorsal line pale, narrow, narrowly 

 edged with black above, below with trigonate black lateral patches and 

 traces of a lateral line; substigmatal band broad, whitish, waved, dotted with 

 blackish. Subventer and venter gray - black, pulverulently shaded. 

 Thoracic feet black-ringed, abdominal ones gray dotted. Tubercles 

 small, black, iv. above the centre of the spiracle. Setre short, stout, 

 broadly swollen at ti]), compressed, dentate, somewhat like scales, pale 

 brown. Spiracles black. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 275 



LEPIDOPTERA IN BRITISH COLUMBIA. 



Successful collections of Lepidoptera were made in British Columbia 

 this season at Kaslo by myself, with the assistance of Mr. Caudell and 

 Mr. Currie, and under the advice of Mr. J. W. Cockle. Over 20,300 

 specimens rewarded our efforts. Of these a large part are Noctuidae, 

 collected at sugar, showing some very fine series. Nearly 200 larvai were 

 observed. The material will be worked up at the U. S. National Museum. 

 The National collection has been further enriched by the donation of 548 

 specimens from Messrs. Taylor, Bryant, Hanham, Bush and Harvey, whom 

 I had the pleasure of meeting at the close of the collecting season. 



Harrison G. Dyar, Washington, D. C. 



THE GENUS PLATYLABUS, WESMAEL, WITH DESCRIP- 

 TIONS OF TWO NEW SPECIES. 



BY J. CHESTER BRADLEY, PHILADELPHIA, PA. 



The table which I here present of the genus Platylabtis must be 

 considered merely as a preliminary or working table of the species in the 

 collection of the American Entomological Society, or in my own cabinet. 

 The other species, known to me only by description, I have included for 

 the sake of convenience, and have placed a star before their names. I 

 cannot vouch for the correctness of these. 



P. thoracicus, Cresson, including Phygadeuon iinpressus of 

 Provancher, which Cresson placed as a synonym of the former, var. 

 erythropygtis, Prov., of thoracicus, and P. quadricarinatus., Provancher, I 

 have omitted, as the metathoracic spiracles are nearly or quite circular, 

 placing them in the tribe P/ueogetiiiii, and probably in either the genus 

 Apceleticus, Wesmael, or Herpestomus, Wesmael. As I have not seen 

 specimens of Apceleticus, I cannot be sure that they belong to it, but from 

 the descriptions it would seem probable, and it is there that I would 

 provisionally transfer them. 



Mr. G. C Davis, in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1894, p. 185, from 

 examination of Provancher's types, finds the following synonymy : 



crassicornis = Phygadeuon. 

 mitralis = Phygadeuon. 

 aciculatus = Phygadeuon. 

 cincticornis ^ Cryptus. 




276 



THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



The genus is placed by Mr. Ashmead in the Ichneumonini, and has 

 the basal third of the petiole flattened, wider than thick dorso-ventrally, 

 and the scutelluni margined to beyond the middle. 



a 



n 



\ 



a. 



^p::? 



)■ — I 



3 



q 



u 





n 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 277 



1. Black, or rufous, or both 3. 



Metallic blue ; species large; antennte of female flattened before 

 the apex ; joints of flattened portion, broader than long ; 

 metathoracic spines very prominent. 



2. Areolet on metathorax subhexagonal (fig. 13,1); apical line not angled; 



scutellum of ? white ; antenntB of ^ without white 



annulus ci.arus, Cresson. 



Areolet on metathorax shaped as in fig. 2 ; scutellum of ^ black ; 

 antennae of (^ with white annulus metallicus, n. sp. 



3. Thorax black 4. 



Thorax more or less rufous i y. 



4. Abdomen more or less rufous. 



Abdomen entirely black, antennas with pale annulus ; spot on 

 scutellum white 5. 



5. Metathorax with areola polished, shining in centre ; legs red, apex 



femora, tibise and tarsi black. Length 5 mm. Prov. Quebec, 



Canada *rubricapensis, Provancher. 



Metathorax with median and two lateral apical areas transversely 

 reticulate ; superior area glabrous ; tergum of petiole polished ; 

 postpetiole shagreened ; legs clear, ferruginous, with apex of hind 

 tibiffi and tarsi black. Length 9mm. Idaho. . . .*incabus, Davis. 



6. Second segment only of abdomen red 7. 



More than second segment of abdomen red 8. 



7. Wings hyaline; anterior orbits enlarged below ; anfennce with white 



annulus, third joint very short and red ; metathorax finely 

 punctured^ pubescent, carinse not prominent ; legs black, the four 

 anterior red in front ; posterior femora red at base, and a more or 

 less distinct red ring at base of posterior tibiae ; petiole polished, 

 long ; abdomen with white spot at its extremity ; second and base 

 of third segment stained red. Length 

 7 mm *scuT£LLATUS, Provaucher. 



8. Antennae with pale annulus 12. 



Antennae without pale annulus ; scutellum black 9. 



9. Petiole aciculated 10. 



Petiole polished ; abdomen entirely rufous (in one specimen darker) ; 



face white, with median black band ; metathoracic spines and 

 carinae but slightly marked ; discocubital nervure with a more or 

 less distinct stump of a vein. A consors, Cresson. 




278 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



lo. Antennte black, slightly thickened beyond the middle ; abdomen 

 polished; 2 dorsal carinse of petiole not reaching apex ; carinse on 

 metathorax indistinct, angles subspinose ; legs rufous ; coxae and 

 trochanters black ; abdomen red. Length 

 9 mm *PACiFicus, Harrington. 



Antennse red, in cJ black at apex, mtich thickened at apex ; 

 metathorax with distinct carinse ; face finely punctate ; petiole large 

 at apex. Length 5 mm *ruficornis, Provancher. 



12. Petiole broad at apex; scutellum entirely white ; generally no v/hite 

 between eyes and mandiblec, but a white line between antennae and 

 eyes, between pro- and mesothorax, and between pleura and 

 dorsum of mesothorax 14. 



Petiole slender, narrow at apex, not very rough, black ; apex red ; 

 following 3 joints abdomen red ; no white on thorax or face, except 

 between the eyes and the mandibles and the apex of scutellum; 

 flagellum rufous at base. Length of antennae 9 mm., of insect 

 8 mm Canadensis, Cresson. 



14. Dorsum of 3 basal abdominal segments piceous, rest of abdomen 



rufous ; face, mouth-parts, broad orbital lines, cheeks, neck, stripes 

 on mesonotum, most of pleura and sternum, large spot on meta- 

 pleura, apical spot on metathorax (but black in centre), petiole, 

 broad margin of remaining segments and parts of legs white ; 

 carince on metathorax prominent, spines long ; petiole scabrous, 

 with two distinct carinoe. Length 8 mm Foxi, Davis. 



Abdomen red, apical portion more or less dark ; only an anterior 

 orbital line, ring on antenna, scutellum and humeral lines white. 15. 



15. Abdomen long and narrowly oval; face uniformly and closely 



punctured, not polished ; anterior orbital line reduced to a mere 

 short stripe; antennae long, 6 mm.; basal joints of flagellum more 

 than twice as long as broad ; metathoracic carinte well marked ; 

 spines not prominent ; apex of petiole aciculated ; base of second 

 segment shagreened ; abdomen red ; base of petiole darkened. 

 Length 7-8 mm montanus, Cresson. 



Abdomen short and very broadly oval ; face sparingly punctured, 

 smooth and polished anteriorly and on clypeus ; white line in front 

 of eyes long and broad ; antennae short, 4 mm.; basal joint of 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 279 



flagellum not twice as long as broad ; metathoracic carinfe and 

 spines prominent ; petiole smooth, polished ; second segment of 

 abdomen evenly punctured ; abdomen red ;' apex of 4th and base 

 of 5th segments black, rest of apex white. Length 

 6.5 mm LuzERNENis, n. sp. 



17. Thorax entirely rufous 22. 



Thorax more or less black 18. 



18. Scutellum while ; pleura, propodeum and legs rufous; white annulus 



on antennte ig. 



Scutellum black or rufous 21. 



19. Antennae as long as body, or longer 20, 



Anlennse considerably shorter than body ; anterior orbital line white, 



interrupted medially ; metathoracic carinas and spines inconspicuous; 

 petiole broad apically, roughened, very finely subaciculate ; 

 abdomen moderately broadly oval, rufous ; fifth segment fuscous, 

 apex white signatus, Provancher. 



20. Antennae longer than the body ; anterior orbital broad, not inter- 



rupted, also a fine posterior orbital line present; a bright white stripe 

 on anterior margin of prothorax ; propodeum, legs, pleura, stains 

 on mesonotum and abdomen, except base of petiole, rufous ; 

 metathoracic carinse and sphies sowewhat more strongly marked 

 than in signatus ; petiole not so broad apically, and abdomen more 

 narrow and longer than in that species ; petiole sub-polished at 



apex, laterally carinate ornatus, Provancher. 



Antennae as long as body ; prothorax, mesonotum and abdomen 

 beyond second segment black, remainder of insect rufous ; broad 

 orbital lines, face except transverse spot above clypeus, clypeus 

 except central apical spot, scape beneath, collar, humeral line, line 

 beneath each wing, stripes on mesonotum and mesopleura, two 

 spots on metathorax above hind coxse, broad apical margin on all 

 abdominal segments, more or less of anterior coxse and 

 trochanters, white, apex of femora, apical third of tibice posteriorly 

 and tarsi of hind legs black ; metathorax rugose ; superior area 

 subpolished ; petiole very broad, finely and rather sparsely 

 punctured *Bak:eri, Davis. 



21. Antennse without white annulus. One specimen of consors that I 



have seen has the propodeum slightly 



rufous CONSORS, Cresson (pars.) 




280 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



2 2. Antennas with white annulus, rufous at base, black at apex; abdomen 

 and petiole rufous, smooth polished, without 

 carinse lineolatus, Provancher. 



Antennas without white annulus 23. 



23. More or less shiny; rufous, stains of black on mesothorax ; third 

 abdominal segment rufous ; legs all red ; areolet in wings moderate 

 in size ; base of metathorax punctured, carinate ; poslpetiole not 

 very broad, polished, but sparingly 

 punctured Californicus, Cresson. 



Opaque ; pale ferruginous ; base of third abdominal segment and 

 apex of posterior tibiae black ; areolet in wings very large ; base of 

 metathorax rugose and without carinas ; postpetiole very broad and 

 shagreened *opacitus, Davis. 



1. P. CLARUS, Cresson. 9- 6- 



1867. Ichneumon clar^is, Cresson, V- Tr. Amer. Ent. Soc, Vol. 

 I., p. 297. 



1877. Platylahjis darus, Cresson, V- $,  I'''- Am. Ent. Soc, 

 VI., p. 199. 



1886. Platylabus magni_ftci/s, Provancher, ?. Add. Faun. Hym. 

 Can., p. 36. 



This, and the following species, are easily distinguished by their large 

 size and brilliant blue colour. Areola, shown in figure i, from 

 the description jnagnificus, Prov., must belong here. 



Habitat. — Mass. ; Becancour, Can. {magnijiais). 



Type in coll. American Ent. Society. 



2. P. IVIETALLICUS, U. sp. ^ . $ . 



Bright metallic blue ; wings hyaline ; white annulus on antennse ; 

 metathoracic area shown in fig. 2. Length of antennc-e 12 mm.; 

 of insect i 2 mm. 



5 . Metallic blue ; anterior orbital line interrupted medially, short 

 posterior line, annulus on antennte, front tibiae and apex of femora 

 anteriorly, trace on middle femora and tibia? anteriorly, white ; 

 remainder of front 4 tibiae and tarsi and posterior tarsi ferruginous ; 

 clypeus broadly truncate, labrum prominent, face narrowed in 

 front of eyes ; base of clypeus marked by suture, two longitudinal, 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 281 



well-impressed, grooves on face, which is evenly and closely 

 punctured ; antennae as long as the body, thickened and flattened 

 beyond the apex, the joints of flattened portion broader than long ; 

 thorax evenly punctured, more densely on the pleura ; scutellum 

 slightly reddish at apex ; metathorax above and at apex 

 transversely wrinkled, areola smooth, polished, carinae well 

 marked, tooth at hind angles large and distinct ; wings hyaline ; 

 abdomen shagreened, especially at base of second segment ; 

 petiole with two very well marked and angular carina}, not reach- 

 ing apex ; postpetiole finely shagreened ; gastroca2li large. 



$ . Metallic blue ; face, anterior and posterior orbital lines, 

 mandibles, annulus on antennte, scape beneath, short line beneath 

 the wings, scutellum, anterior legs in front, coxae, trochanters, 

 tibiae, tarsi and apex of femora in front white, rest of tibife and 

 tarsi of front 4 legs and tarsi of posterior legs ferruginous. In 

 other respects like the female. 



The type ? of this species was included by Cresson in his 

 redescription of clarus in Tr. Am. Ent. Soc, VI., 1877, p. 199, 

 and was the exception which he made as to the white scutellum 

 of that species. The male specimen was added to the collection 

 afterwards, and differs from the male of clarus in having the white 

 annulus on the antennas, as well as in the metathoracic character. 



Habitat.—^. H. ( $ type). Me. ( $ type). 



Types. — In the collection of the American Entomological Society. 



3. P. RUBRiCAPENSis, Provancher, 5 . 



1882. Phitylahus rtcbricapeiisis^ Provancher, $. Nat. Can., XIII., 



P- 329- 

 Habitat.- -Cdi^ Rouge, Canada. 



4. P. INCABUS, Davis, $ . 



1897. Platylabus incabus, Davis, 9 . Tr. Am. Ent. Soc, XXIV., 



P- 352- 

 Habitat. — Moscow, Idaho (Aldrich). 



5. P. scuTELLATUS, Provanchcr, ? , c? • 



1875. Ischnus scutellatus, Provancher. Nat. Can., VII., p. in. 



1 87 7. Platylabus scutellatus, Cresson. Tr. Am. Ent. Soc, VI., 



p. 200, ff . 




282 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



Habitat. — Ca;) Rouge, Canada. 



6. P. CONSORS, Cresson, $. 



i^']']. Platylabus consors, Cresson, ^. Tr. Am. Ent. Soc, VI., 

 p. 200. Cresson says this may be the male of Californicus. See 

 figure 3. 



Habitat. — California. 



Types. — In the collection of the American Entomological Society. 



7. P. PACiFicus,' Harrington, ?. 



1894. Platylabus pacificus., Harrington, $ . Can. Ent., XXVI., p. 210. 

 Habitat. — Vancouver's Island (Taylor). 



8. P. RUFicORNis, Provancher, ? , (^ . 



1886. Piatylab/is n/ficornis, Provancher, %, $. Add. Faun. Hym. 

 Can., p. 38. 



Habitat. — Ottawa, Canada (Harrington). 



9. P. CANADENSIS, Cresson, ? . 



1S77. Platylabtis canadensis, Cresson, ?. Tr. Am. Ent. Soc, VI., 



p. 200. Figure 4; 

 Habitat. — Canada. 

 Type. — In the collection of the American Entomological Society, 



10. P. Foxi, Davis, ^ . 



1897. Platylabus Foxi, Davis, ^ . Tr. Am. Ent. Soc, XXIV., p. 353. 

 This species has much more white on it than any other. Most of 

 the males of the genus have more white than the females, and 

 when the female of this species is known it will doubtless be less 

 plentifully supplied with white. 



Habitat. — Camden, N. J. (Fox). 



11. P. MONTANUS, Cresson, 9- 



1877. Platylabus montanus, Cresson, $. Tr. Am. Ent. Soc, VI., 



p. 20c. Figure 5. 

 Habitat.—^. H. 

 Types. — In the collection of the American Entomological Society. 



12. P. LUZERNENSIS, n. Sp., $ . 



Black; abdomen and legs mostly rufous. Length, 6.5 mm. See 



figure 6. 

 $ . Anterior orbital lines not broad nor continued below the eyes, a 



short line behind the eyes near their top ; annulus on antennae. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 283 



humeral line, line below the wings and scutellura white ; legs 

 rufous, except coxje and trochanters and knees, tarsi and apex 

 of tibiae of hind legs, which are fuscous. Remainder of insect as 

 described in the table. A quite distinct species. 



Habitat. — White Haven, Luzerne Co., Pa., Aug. 15, 1902. (Taken 

 by the author.) 



Type. — One female, in the author's collection. 



13. P. siGNATUS, Provancher, $ . 



1874. Phygadeuon signatiis, Provancher. Nat. Can., VI., p. 282. 

 1877. Platylabus signatiis, Cresson. Tr. Am. Ent. Soc , VI., p. 200. 



Figure 7. 

 Habitat. — P. Que., Canada. 



14. P. ORNATUS, Provancher, 5- 



1875. Phygadeuon ortiatns, Provancher, ^. Nat. Can., VII., p. 181. 



1877. Platylabus orfiatus, Cresson. Tr. Am. Ent. Soc, VI., p. 200. 

 Figure 8. 



Habitat. — P. Que., Canada. 



15. P. Bakeri, Davis, $. 



1897. Platylabus Bakeri, Davis, $ . Tr. Am. Ent. Soc, XXIV., 



P-352. 

 Habitat. — Ann Arbor, Mich. (Baker). 



16. P. LiNEOLATUS, Provancher, 9. 



1875. Tchneumoii liiieolatus, Provancher. Nat. Can., VII , p. 82, 

 1875. Phygadeuon ricfipes, Provancher. Nat. Can., VII., p. 181. 

 1877. Platylabus lineolatus, Cresson. Tr. .^.m. Ent. Soc , VI., p. 201. 



Figure 9. 

 Habitat. — P. Que., Canada. 



17. P. CALiFORNicus, Cresson, $. 



1877. Platylabus californicus, ?. Tr. Am. Ent. Soc, VI., p. 201. 



Close to the preceding species. Figure 10. 

 ^rti^/V^/.— California. 

 Types. — In the collection of the American Entomological Society. 



18. P. OPACiTUS, Davis, $. 



1S97. Platylabus opacitus, Davis. Tr. Am. Ent. Soc, XXIV., p. 353. 

 Habitat. — Moscow, Idaho (Aldrich). 




284: THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



SYNOPSIS OF EPEOLIN^. 



BY CHARLES ROBERTSON, CARLINVILLE, ILLINOIS. 



Females. 



Segment 5 with a more or less evident bevelled or truncate space, false 

 pygidium, which is rather sparsely short, bristly and fuscous, 

 purplish or sericeous in certain lights ; ovipositor (applied here to 

 one of a pair of appendages often exserted one on each side of 

 the sting) setiform, fimbriate, apex with several curved divergent 

 spines ; mandibles simple ; maxillary palpi 3-jointed ; scutel 

 finely punctured, sub-bilobed ; segments 1-4 with apical fascite of 

 pale appressed pubescence Triepeolus. 



Segment 5 with a silvery lunule at apex ; ovipositor ligulate, bare or 

 pubescent, apex acute, its edges dentate ; at least the mandibles, 



tegulse and legs red i . 



I. Maxillary palpi 3-jointed; mandibles with an internal tooth; closely 

 punctured ; scutel sub-bilobed ; pleura and pectus with surface 

 nearly concealed by pubescence ; mesonotum bilineate ; border 

 of segment i interrupted on apical margin, 2 with fascia produced 

 laterally and interrupted medially, 3-4 with apical fasciae notched 

 in the middle, 5 with two lateral patches ; tubercles, labrum and 

 joints 1-3 partly red ; 8 mm.; minima in gn. nov., type Triepeolus 

 minifuus, Rob Argyroselenis. 



Maxillary palpi 2-jointed Epeolus. 



Males. 



Maxillary palpi 2-jointed Epeolus. 



Maxillary palpi 3-jointed i. 



I. Mandibles with an internal tooth; minima in Argyroselenis. 



Mandibles simple Triepeolus. 



Triepeolus, Robertson. 

 Females. 



Ventral segment 5 flattened, concave, strongly produced and bent 

 down at apex ; dorsal segment 5 with a semicircular sericeous 

 truncation ; black ; mesonotum anteriorly with a broad pale- 

 yellow band ; border of segment i broad, interrupted basally and 

 sometimes apically ; fasci:e continuous on 2-4, gradually or 



abruptly widening on sides of 2 ; 13-16 mm concavus. 



Ventral segment 5 simple ; dorsal segment 5 usually with lateral 

 patches i . 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 28; 



1. Border of segment i hardly wider on the sides ; fascia on sides of 2 



abruptly produced forward ; mesonotum bilineate ; apex of 



pygidium convex 6. 



Border of segment i much wider on the sides 2. 



2. Mesonotum bilineate ; pygidium longitudinally carinate 4. 



Mesonotum with a subcordate completely enclosed space; black. . .3. 



3. Fascise continuous except on base of segment i, abruptly widened on 



sides of 2 ; space on mesonotum hardly trilobed ; patch on 

 pleura subquadrate ; scutel flat, spines nearly obsolete ; 



14-16 mm Nevadensis. 



Fasci?e interrupted on segments 1-2, gradually widening on sides of 2 ; 

 space on mesonotum trilobed ; patch on pleura L-shaped ; scutel 

 sub-bilobed, spines distinct; 10-14 nim remigatus. 



4. Segment 5 shining, rather coarsely punctured, apex concave, bevelled 



space and lateral pubescent patches indistinct ; apex of pygidium 

 truncate ; scutel rather strongly bilobed ; black, labrum, middle 

 of mandibles, tegulae, tibiae and tarsi tinged with red ; segment i 

 with transverse subquadrate patch, the apical fascia interrupted or 

 continuous ; fasciae on 2-4 continuous, paler on 4 ; lunate patch 

 on pleura separated from patch surrounding tubercle ; ventral 



fascise none ; 13 mm.; sp. nov simplex. 



Segment 5 opaque, densely punctured, apex convex, bevelled space 

 always and lateral pubescent patches usually distinct ; apex of 

 pygidium convex ; scutel less bilobed : patch on segment i 

 usually triangular; fasciae on 1-2 interrupted, 3-4 continuous, 

 that on 4 of the same colour; lunate patch on pleura usually con- 

 nected with patch surrounding tubercles ; ventral segments 2-4 

 with apical fascise 5. 



5. Labrum, mandibles, joints 1-3, tegulse and legs red; 



11-12 mm lunatus. 



Labrum, mandibles, joints 1-3, tegulse and legs black ; 



10-13 mm concolor. 



6. Ornaments cinereous ; fascia on segment i, and sometimes on 2, 



interrupted; black; closely punctured; 11-12 mm . . . .donatus. 

 Ornaments cream colour ; legs usually red 7, 



7. Pectus coarsely and sparsely punctured ; mandibles, labrum, joints 1-3 



and tegulse sometimes tinged with red ; fascia on segment i, and 



sometimes on 2, interrupted ; 8-1 1 mm pectoralis. 



Pectus finely and closely punctured 8. 




286 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



8. False pygidiuin small ; apex of ventral segment 5 narrow ; black ; 



coxae and front trochanters black ; closely pnnctured ; fascias 



interrupted on segments 1-2 ; 12 mm.; sp. nov micropygius. 



False pygidium large 9. 



9. Pleura with an L-shaped patch ; middle and hind femora red ; fasciae 



on segments 3-4, and usually on 2, continuous; 10 mm.helianthi. 



Pleura with a lunate patch; femora usually more or less black; 

 labrum, mandibles; scape, tubercles and tegulre usually red; the 

 legs rarely black ; fasciae usually interrupted on segments 1-3, 



usually continuous on 4 ; 8-12 mm Cressonii. 



Males. 



Border of segment i hardly broader on the sides ; mesonotum 

 bilineate ; abdomen 6-fasciate 6. 



Border of segment i broad laterally, forming lunate or subquadrate 

 patches ; ornaments cream colour i. 



1. Disc of mesonotum not enclosed by a complete border 3. 



Disc of mesonotum black, subcordate, with a complete border; black. 2. 



2. Abdomen 5-fasciate, rarely a faint fascia on segment 6 ; the bands 



continuous, that on 2 suddenly widened on the sides ; scutel flat, 



spines nearly obsolete ; 13-16 mm Nevadensis. 



Abdomen 6-fasciate, bands interrupted on segments 1-2, gradually 

 widening on sides of 2, cinereous on 6 ; 10-15 mm. . . .remigatus 



3. Mesonotum anteriorly with a broad band ; abdomen 5-fasciate, 



segment i with fascia continuous or interrupted, 2-5 with continu- 

 ous fascias wider on sides of 2-3 ; black ; 12-15 nnH' • .concavus. 

 Mesonotum bilineate 4. 



4. Abdomen 5-fasciate, bands continuous or interrupted on segment i, 



continuous on 2-5, cinereous on 4-5 ; black patch on segment 1 

 transverse subquadrate ; black, labrum, mandibles, base of 

 antennae, tegulse, tibiae, tarsi and pygidium more or less tinged 



with red ; 1 2 mm simplex. 



Abdomen 6-fasciate, bands interrupted on segments 1-2, sometimes on 

 3, cinereous or whitish on 5-6 ; black patch on segment i usually 

 triangular ; 10-13 mm 5. 



5. Labrum, mandibles, joints 1-3, tegulse and legs red lunatus. 



Labrum, mandibles, joints 1-3, tegulse and legs black ..... .concolor. 



6. Ornaments cinereous; fasciae usually interrupted on segments 1-2, 



white on 6 ; black ; 9-12 mm donatus. 



Ornaments cream colour ; tibiae and tarsi usually red 7. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 287 



7. Middle and hind femora red ; mandibles, labrum, antennae and tegulte 

 black ; pleura with an L-shaped mark ; lo-i i mm .... helianthi. 

 Middle and hind femora more or less black ; mandibles, labrum, base 

 of antennae and tegula; red ; rarely entirely black ; pleura 

 commonly covered with pubescence ; fasciae usually interrupted ; 

 8-1 1 mm Cressonii. 



Epeolus, Latreille. 

 Females. 



Front with a large tubercle on each side ; mesonotum not bilineate ; 

 middle of segment i and apex of 2 with golden fascite ; mandibles 

 with an internal tooth ; head and thorax coarsely, abdomen finely 

 punctured ; pectus with coarse, sparse punctures ; labrum, joints 

 1-3, collar, tubercles, line above, tegulse, scutel and axilla3 red ; 

 spurs black ; wings fuliginous ; stigma rather large ; 

 7-9 mm bifasciatus. 



Front simple; mesonotum bilineate; border of segment i, apical 

 margins of 2-4. and lateral patches on 5 of pale pubescence. . . . i. 



1. Pleura below finely and closely punctured ; scutel low ; transverse, 



opaque ; mandibles simple or with an indistinct internal tooth ; 



fasciie continuous or nearly so • • • 3- 



Pleura below coarsely and sparsely punctured ; sculel bilobed, shining; 

 fasci?e interrupted, that on sides of 2 projecting forward; abdomen 

 finely punctured; tubercles, axillary spines and spurs more or less 

 red 2. 



2. Thorax coarsely, rather sparsely, punctured; mandibles simple ; fasciae 



cinereous, pointed on the disc ; silvery lunule subtriangular ; 



joints 1-3 more or less red ; 9 mm lectoides. 



Thorax rather finely and closely punctured ; mandibles with an 

 internal tooth ; fasciae club-shaped on the disc ; silvery lunule 

 transverse ; joints 1-3 red ; scutel usually more or less red ; 

 7-9 mm interruptus. 



3. Scutel quite surpassing lateral spines ; spurs red ; lateral patches of 



segment 5 separate ; femora more or less black ; 



9-1 1 mm autumnalis. 



Scutel hardly surpassing lateral spines ; spurs black ; lateral patches of 

 segment 5 connected across the disc; femora red ; 

 7-8 mm pusillus. 




288 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



Males. 

 Front with a large tubercle on each side ; mesonotum bare; 



7-9 mm bifasciatus. 



Front simple; mesonotum bilineate; segments 1-6 with apical 



fascial i . 



1. Pleura below finely and densely punctured ; scutel flat 3. 



Pleura below coarsely and sparsely punctured ; scutel bilobed 2. 



2. Mandibles simple; thorax coarsely punctured lectoides. 



Mandibles with an internal tooth ; 7-9 mm interruptus. 



3. Scutel quite surpassing lateral spines ; spurs red ; 7-9 mm.autumnalis. 

 Scutel hardly surpassing lateral spines ; spurs black; 6-8 mm.pusillus. 



LIST OF CANADIAN COLEOPTERA. 



BY JOHN D. EVANS, TRENTON, ONT. 



(Continued from page 243.) 

 Gyrinidce. 

 1505, Gyrinus minutus, Fab., '80. 

 *i5i4, " aquiris, Lee, '80. 

 sp., '80. 



Hydroph ilid^s. 



1542, Helophorus oblongus, Lee, '79, '80. 



1543, " lacustris, Lee, '80. 

 1546, " linearis, Lee, '80. 

 1597, Hydrocharis obtusatus, Say, '80.- 

 1614, Berosus striatus, Say, '80, 'Sj. 



*i622, Laccobius ellipticus, Lee, '80. 

 1653, Hydrobius fuscipes, Linn., '79, '81. 

 Cercyon, sp , '81. 



Slip hides. 

 1698, Necrophorus marginatus, Fab., '79, '80. 

 1702, " vespilloides, Hbst , '8r. 



1706, Silpha lapponica, Hbst, '79, '80. 



1707, " irituberculata, Kirby, '81. 



1709, " noveboracensis, Forst., '81. 



17 10, '' Americana, Linn., 'Si. 

 *i7ii, " ramosa, Say, '79, '80, '81. 




The CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 289 



Staphylinidcs. 



2055, Aleochara bimaciilata, Grav., '79. 

 2100, Quedius fulgidus, Fab., '79. 

 21 19, Creophilus villosus, Grav., '79, '80, '81. 

 2124, Staphylinus badipes, Lee, *8i. 



2149, Philonthus seneus, Rossi., '79, '81. 



2150, " furvus, Nord., '79. 

 2167, " hepaticus, Er., '79, '80. 



*2233, " Lecontei, Horn., '79. 



*2303, Stenus bipunctatus, Er., '81. 



2573, Pfederus littorarius, Grav., '8r. 



2732, Bledius ruficornis, Lee, '81. 

 Homalium, sp., '81. 



Scaphidiidce. 

 2976, Scaphium castanipes, Kirby, '81. 



Phalacridce. 

 *2993, Phalacrus politus, Melsh., '79. 

 *2996, Olibrus vittatus, Lee, '79, '80. 

 2998, " striatulus, Lee, '79, '80. 

 " 2 sp., '79 and '80. 



Coccinellidce. 

 *3035, Nsemia episcopalis, Kirby,' 79. 

 3041, Hippodamia 5-signata, Kirby, '81. 

 3043, " Lecontei, Muls, '79. 



3046, " convergens, Guer., '80. 



3050, " 13-punctata, Linn., '79, '80. 



3051, " parenthesis, Say, '79, 80. 



3058, Coccinella 9-notata, Hbst., '79. 



3059, " transversoguttata, Fab., '79, '80. 



3060, " monticola, Mills., '79. 

 3072, Harmonia 12-maculata, Gebl., '8t. 

 3075, Anatis 15-punctata, Oliv., '80, '81. 



*309sd, Brachyacantha albifrons, Say, '79, "80. 



Erotylidce. 

 3236, Tritoma thoracica, Say, '79. 



Cucujidce. 

 3314, Pediacus fuscus, Er., '81. 




290 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



Dermestidce.. 



*34i8^ Dermestes marmoratus, Say, '79, 'So. 

 3425, " lardarius, Linn., '79. 



3428, " vulpinus, Fab., 'So. 



Histe7-idce.. 



3480, Hister interruptus, Beauv., '79. 



3494, " depurator, Say, '79, 'So. 

 *3583, Saprinus lugens, Er., '79, '80. 



3586, " Oregonensis, Lee, '79, 80. 

 3586a, " distingiiendus. Mars., '79. 



*36io, " fimbriatus, Lee, '79. 



Nitidtdidce. 

 Nitidula, sp., '79. 

 3664, Cercus abdominalis, Er., '79. 

 *3734, Pocadius helvolus, Er., 'So. 

 *3739, Meligethes mutatus, Hor., '79. 



Byrrhidcv.. 

 3887, Cytilus sericus, Eorst., '80. 

 Byrrhus, sp., '79. 



Heteroceridce. 

 Heterocerus, 2 sp., '81. 



Dascyllidce. 

 4016, Cyphon variabilis, Tliunb., '81. 

 " 2sp., '81. 



Elateridce. 

 10049, Cryptohypnus nocturnus, Esch., '79, '80. 



4245, Elater apicatus, Say, 'So. 



4253, Urasterius elegans, Fab., '79. 'So. 



4287, Agriotes limosus, Lee, '79, 'So. 



4297, Dolopius lateralis, Esch., '79, 'So, '8r. 



4322, Melanotus fissilis, Say, 'So. 

 *4467, Corymbites morulus, Lee, '79, '80. * . 



4482, " hieroglyphicuF, Say, '81. 



4484, " cruciatus, Linn., '79. 



4495, " metallicus, Payk., '81. 



sp , '79. 



* 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 291 



Buprestidce. 



4576, Dicerca prolongata, Lee, '79, '8r. 

 4619, Melanophila longipes, Say, '79, '80. 

 4739, Agrilus anxius. Gory., '79. 

 4761, Brachys serosa, Melsh., '80. 



Lampyridce. 



4815, Ellychnia corrusca, Linn.. '79, 'So. 

 4818, Pyropyga nigricans, Say, '79, 'So. 

 4824, Pyractomena borealis, Rand., '79, '81. 

 4935) Telephorus nigritulus, Lee, '81, 

 4939, " flavipes, Lee, 'So. 



4948. " Curtisii, Kirby, '81. 



*4952, " Oregonus, Lee, '79, '80. 



sp., '79. 



3 sp., '8r. 



Malachidcp.. 



*4999, Col'.ops cribrosiis, Lee, '79, '80. 

 5013, " vittatus. Say, '79. 



Clerid(B. 



5159, Trichodes Nuttalli, Kirby, '79. 

 5232, Necrobia violaceus, Linn., '79, '80. 



Lucanidce. 

 5419, Platycerus depressus, Lee, '79. '80, 



Scarabceidce. 



5435, Canthon lasvis, Drury, '80. 



5444, Copris anaglypticus, Say, '81. 



5459, Onthophagus janus, Panz , '79. 



5510, Aphodius hamatus, Say, '80, '81. 

 *55i3, " occidentalis, Horn., '79, "So. 



5528, " granarius, Linn., 'So. 



*555°' " consentaneus, Lee, '79, '80. 



^5620, Trox sonorce, Lee, '79, '80. 



5623, " unistriatus, Beauv., '80. 



5650, Hoplia trifasciata, Say, '81, 




292 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



5656, Dichelonycha elongata, Fab., '79. 



5659, " testacea, Kirby, '80. 



5662. " Backii, Kirby, '79. 



5674, Serica vespertina, Gyll., '79. 

 sp., '79. 

 10240, Lachnosterna dubia, Smith, '79. 

 *582 2, Polyphylla decemlineata, Say, '79. 

 *5925, Cremastochilus Knockii, Lee, '79. 



5939, Trichius affinis, Gory., '79. 



CerambycidcB. 



5975, Criocephalus agrestis, Kirby, '79. 



6062, Elaphidion villosum. Fab., '80. 



61 S3, Xylotrechus undulatus. Say, '79. 



6248, Pachyta liturata, Kirby, '79. 



6259, Acmaeops bivittata, Say, '79, '80. 



6273, " proteus, Kirby, 79. 



6279, Bellamira scalaris, Say, '81. 

 *6295, Typocerus balteatus, Horn., '79. 

 6323a, Leptura convexa, Lee, '79, '80. 



6361, " mutabilis, Newm., '79. 

 *6369, Monilema annulatum, Say, '79, '80. 



6386, Monohammus maciilosus, Hald., '80. 



6387, " scutellatus, Say, '81. 

 (To he continued.) 



* 



A RARE BUTTERFLY. 



On July 1st I caught a Hypolimiias inisippus, Linn., J , at the sugar 

 estate " Isabel," ten miles north-east of this town. Gundlach, in his 

 " Entomologia Cubana," 1881, states that he has only caught one male 

 in 1 85 1 at Cardenas, and two females in 1869 and 1876, respectively. I 

 do not know of any other male having been caught in the island, and 

 should be very glad to hear from any of your correspondents who may 

 have caught them since 1881. 



My specimen is quite perfect and measures 57 mm. across the 

 wings, and is therefore slightly smaller than the specimen illustrated in 

 Holland's " Butterfly Book." Theo. Brooks, Guantanamo, Cuba. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 291 



BOOK NOTICES. 



The Orthoptera of Indiana. — By W. S. Blatchley, State Geologist, 

 Indianapolis, Ind. From the 27th Annual Report of the Depart- 

 ment of Geology and Natural Resources of Indiana, 1902. One 

 Vol., 8vo., pp. 123 to 471. 

 No one better qualified than the author of this work could possibly 

 be found to prepare a handbook of the Orthoptera of Indiana, and admir- 

 ably he has performed his self-imposed task. For nearly twenty years he 

 has been a close observer and student of the insects of this order and has 

 published many papers of both a systematic and descriptive character 

 upon them. Several of these have appeared from time to time in the 

 pages of this magazine. The book contains the results of his investiga- 

 tions and studies, and is designed to impart a full and clear knowledge of 

 this important group of insects to school pupils and young people on the 

 farm. Certainly anyone desiring to study the order, whether living ii> 

 Indiana or Ontario, or any of the neighbouring States, will find his way 

 made easy by this work, and will learn without much difticulty how to 

 distinguish the species and what their life-histories and characteristics are. 

 The opening pages of the book give a full and clear account of the 

 external anatomy of a Locust, the natural enemies of the Orthoptera, and 

 a bibliography of the more important books and papers on the order. The 

 main portion of the volume is termed " A Descriptive Catalogue of the 

 Orthoptera Known to Occur in Indiana." Convenient keys are given to 

 the families, genera and species, facilitating the identification of a speci- 

 men, and these are followed in each case by scientific descriptions, the 

 synonymy, geographical distribution and other information ; in the case 

 of the Locusts especially the accounts of the habits of the species are very 

 full and interesting. The work is rendered complete by a chapter on 

 the Life-zones of the State as illustrated by the distribution of the 

 Orthoptera, a glossary of the terms used and a full index. There are over 

 120 excellent figures in the text, largely taken from Lugger's Orthoptera 

 of Minnesota, and a beautiful coloured plate of the remarkable pink 

 variety of the Oblong-winged Katydid (Amblycorypha oblongi/olia). 




204 THE CAXADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



A Classificatiom of North American Spiders. — By Prof. Jo'in Henry 

 Comstcck, Ithaca, N. Y. Comstock Publishing Co., 1903. Large 

 8vo., p]). 56. (Price, 50 cents.) 



Anyone taking up the study of Spiders will find this a useful manual, 



as the tables will give him a clue, without much difficulty, to the families 



and genera ; for the determination of species he will require to have 



recourse to some other work, such as Eraerton's " Common Spiders of the 



United States." The tables require for their use some previous knowledge 



of the external anatomy of the Spiders and the technical terms used in 



their description. The author has in preparation a textbook of North 



American Arachnida, and publishes these tables in advance in order that 



they may be tested before publication of the larger work. 



The Insect World : A monthly magazine, edited by Y. Nawa, Gifu, 

 Japan. Vol. VII., 1903. 



Recent numbers of this remarkable magazine have contained a page 



or two in English, giving an illustrated description of some Sphinx Moth 



or other interesting insect. Hitherto one has only been able to read the 



English title, admire the excellent illustrations and turn over the pages 



with a great longing to be able to read Japanese. In the January number 



there was an account of a remarkable moth, whose larva lives as a parasite 



on certain species of Cicada ; a coloured plate is given showing the 



different stages of the insect, the neuration of the wings of the moth and 



the host with parasites attached. Mr. Marlatt gave, at the meeting of 



Economic Entomologists, very interesting descriptions of Mr. Nawa and 



his entomological laboratory and museum, which he visited last year. 



DEATH OF PROFESSOR GROTE. 



It is with profound regret that we record the death of our greatly- 

 esteemed friend, Professor Augustus Radcliffe Grote, A. M., the 

 tidings of which has just reached us. The sad event occurred on 

 Saturday, September 12th, at Hildesheim, Germany, where he had been 

 living for the past nine years ; during the previous ten or eleven his 

 home had been at Bremen. With the exception of this last score of years, 

 his life was spent in the United States, and was devoted almost entirely 

 to the study of the Lepidoptera of North America, 



We beg to offer our deepest sympathy to his widow and children in 

 their affliction. It may be some slight consolation to them to know that 

 their grief is shared by many on this side of the Atlantic who were his 

 friends and colleagues in earlier years. 



Mailed October 3rd, 1903. 





Can. Ent., Vol. XXXV. 



Plate 6. 



' 8 ^ J 



10 >»/ II xy '* ^y 13 



''t- 



is' v It 



17 ^z li ^ ly ^V loxj n 



»»\/ -^tV/ 2r 



14 



XT 3.6 19 30 31 ^ 32.^^ JjNy 34. 



3B \J 36 V/ 3 7 



THE GENUS PODISMA. 




\\t Cauariiaij Jntumdlagbt. 



Vol. XXXV. LONDON, NOVEMBER, 1903. No. 11 



THE GENUS PODISMA IN EASTERN NORTH AMERICA. 



BY E. M. WALKER, B.A., M.B., TORONTO. 



Podisma (Latr.) is a particularly interesting genus of Melanopli, 

 since it is the only one of that immense group that occurs in the Old 

 World, where, indeed, it is represented by considerably more described 

 species than it is in North America. It is also of interest from its dis- 

 tinctly boreal and alpine distribution, being almost peculiar to high 

 latitudes or altitudes. It is a circumpolar genus, inhabiting the mountains 

 and boreal parts of Europe, Asia and North America, a larger number of 

 species having been described from Europe than elsewhere. 



The North American species are found in two widely-separated 

 regions : the Rocky Mountain region from Alberta to New Mexico in the 

 west, and from North-western Ontario to Maine and south to Pennsyl- 

 vania in the east. It is to the eastern species that the reader's attention 

 will be directed in the present paper. 



Although in some cases Podisma is but narrowly separable from 

 Melatioplus, it is on the whole a distinct type, differing from the lattei 

 chiefly in the widely-separated mesosternal lobes, the interspace in the 

 male being transverse and as wide or nearly as wide as the lobes them- 

 selves, and in the female strongly transverse and as wide as or wider than 

 the lobes. The pronotum is always short and sometimes subcylindrical, 

 with the lateral carinse poorly defined or absent, and the hind margin trun- 

 cate or slightly emarginate, or at most obtusangulate. The tegmina are 

 normally abbreviate, and often entirely absent. Of the North American 

 species, those from the east have no tegmina, while of the western forms 

 these organs are present in all but one species. 



Two species of Podisma have been described from eastern North 

 America, P. glaciaiis, Scudd., from the mountains of New England, New 

 York and Pennsylvania, and P. variegata, Scudd., from specimens taken 

 at Ithaca and Enfield Falls, Tompkins Co., N. Y. Before the description 

 of the latter was published the writer sent drawings to Mr. Scudder of 

 specimens of Podisma taken at De Grassi Pt., Lake Simcoe, Ont., which 

 were pronounced P. variegata, and later on specimens from the same 

 locality were sent to him. On Sept. 12th, 1900, while collecting at North 




296 



THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



Bay, Lake Nipissing, 175 miles north of De Grassi Pt., a series of speci- 

 mens of Podisma were taken, which showed features belonging to both 

 species, but were nearer P. glacialis. Some of these were sent to Mr. 

 Scudder, who named them glacialis, " vaiying slightly towards variegata, 

 especially in the (feebly) banded hind femora." 



Since then I have collected a considerable series of specimens from 

 two localities intermediate in latitude between Lake Simcoe and Lake 

 Nipissing, viz., at Tobermory, near Cape Hurd (Bruce Co.), and at 

 Algonquin Park. I have also examined a series of 4 $ ^ and 3 $ $ taken 

 at several different localities in Pennsylvania, belonging to the museum of 

 the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, and kindly loaned 

 to me through Mr. J. A. G. Rehn. To complete my collection, I have 

 specimens of typical glaciahs from the following localities in New Eng- 

 land : Mt. Washington, N. H. (3 ^J cJ , 3 V ? ); Greylock Mt., Mass. 

 (2 (J cJ , 2 V ? ) ; Speckled Mt., Stoneham, Me. (3 cT c? , 3 ? ? )• 



A careful study of all these specimens lias revealed a complete series 

 of gradations from the typical glacialis of the White Mountains to the 

 typical variegata from Pennsylvania, though these extremes are widely 

 different, not only in structure and markings, but in habits and character of 

 environment. 



The chief points of distinction between the two forms as given by 

 Mr. Scudder may be tabulated as follows : 



A study of my series gives the following results : 



I. Eyes. — Those of the N. E. specimens (yj'^xQ.sX glacialis) are the least 

 prominent, the specimens from Mt. Washington having less prominent 

 eyes than those from Speckled Mt. and Greylock Mt. Among the rest of 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 297 



ihe series there is but little variation, the greatest degree of prominence 

 being seen in the Pennsylvania specimens (typical variegata) and the Lake 

 Simcoe specimens. The eyes of some of the $ $ from North Bay 

 approach pretty closely those of the $ $ from Speckled Mt., and the $ 2 

 from the latter locality are quite like those from North Bay in this respect. 

 There is, however, very little range of variation among the Canadian 

 specimens. An idea of the total amount of variation in the prominence 

 of this organ can be obtained from the accompanying plate. 



2. Antennae. — The variation in the length of this structure can be 

 seen by a glance at the table of measurements. The specimens from Mt. 

 Washington have relatively the shortest antennti?, and it is plain from the 

 measurements of the New England specimens that they average distinctly 

 shorter than the Canadian specimens. From Algonquin Park southward 

 to Pennsylvania, except at high altitudes, we find a gradual but steady 

 increase in the length of the antennae, the longest ones belonging to 

 Pennsylvania specimens. In typical variegata the antennae of the ^ are 

 distinctly longer than the hind femora, in glacialis slightly shorter. In 

 most of the Canadian specimens they are about equal in length, being 

 faintly shorter in the North Bay specimens, faintly longer in those from 

 Lake Simcoe. 



3. The hind femora are relatively shortest in the N. E specimens, but 

 are practically constant in length throughout the remainder of the series. 

 Some of the Algonquin Park series, however, are inseparable from the N. 

 E. specimens on this score. A more important feature is the colour and 

 distinctness of the bands of the hind femora. In specimens from Algon- 

 quin Park and North Bay, hke those from N. E., they are uniform green, 

 with the faintest traces of bands, but in the majority from this locality they 

 are more or less distinctly though feebly banded, the lighter areas being 

 yellowish green. A number of <? (^ , however, have the superior sulcus 

 as conspicuously banded as in the Pennsylvania specimens. The hind 

 femora of the latter are in the $ strongly fasciate with pale yellowish and 

 dark brown or blackish, the contrast being much greater in the main than 

 in the specimens from Lake Simcoe, which most resemble them. Every 

 gradation is present in the series. 



4. The furcula shows great diversity of size and form. As with the 

 other characters, the most northern of the Ontario specimens are most like 

 typical glacialis in the form of this structure, and it is longest in some of 

 the North Bay and Algonquin Park specimens, shortest in the Pennsyl- 




298 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



vania series. Some from North Bay, however, have the furcula as short 

 as those from Lake Simcoe (figs. 56, 57, 58.) 



5. Cerci of ^. — Next to the furcula this structure shows the greatest 

 range of variation. It is much stouter in typical giacialis than in typical 

 variegata, and Scudder used the character as one of the chief ones by 

 which the two species could be distinguished. A glance at the plate, how- 

 ever, will suffice to show that no separation into two species can be based 

 on the form of this structure. Some of the North Bay specimens have the 

 cerci of typical giacialis, but there is a perfectly gradual series of transi- 

 tions from the stout cerci of the more northern forms to those of the 

 Pennsylvania ones, in which they are most slender. In order to illustrate 

 these transitions as accurately as possible, I have drawn the cerci of all 

 the $ specimens, from N. E., North Bay, Algonquin Park, Tobermory 

 and Pennsylvania, and a sufficient number from L. Simcoe to complete 

 the range of variation. 



Other variations of less importance are to be found, especially in the 

 general colour and character of markings, but they add nothing to the 

 facts gained from the above. 



From these comparisons it is readily seen that the specimens from 

 Mt. Washington and those from Pennsylvania are the most widely sepa- 

 rated, but that the wide gaps between them can be filled by a complete 

 series of links represented by the Canadian specimens, the most northern 

 of which closely approach the N. E. specimens, the most southern the 

 Pennsylvania ones. 



These variations, hence, appear to be connected with differences in the 

 climatic conditions, and it would seem that temperature is an important 

 factor. They are also accompanied by certain changes in the insect's 

 habits, as evinced by some interesting facts that have been recorded on 

 this subject. Mr. Scudder states that in the White Mts. P. giacialis " fre- 

 quents the close branches of the dwarf birch, and is rarely or never seen 

 upon the ground," while Mr. Morse found most of his specimens " on or 

 among the various species of Vaccinium, characteristic of mountain-tops 

 and on Ascutney upon dwarf cornel" (Psyche, 1898, 273). It occurs 

 at elevations of 2,000 to 5,400 feet, in New England, New York and 

 Pennsylvania, but has also been taken at lower levels at Jackman, Me., 

 on the Canadian border, " in open woods and bogs " (Harvey. — Psyche^ 

 1897, 77). At North Bay and Algonquin Park I found the insect 

 common in open woods on bushes, chiefly the common beaked hazel 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 299 



( Corylus rostrata) and the red raspberry. It occurs in both dry and 

 fairly moist situations. The specimens from Tobermory were taken 

 under similar circumstances, while at De Grassi Pt. they seem to be 

 confined to swampy ground where the vegetation is of a boreal character. 

 In such places I have taken them on bushes, chiefly raspberry, but have 

 often found them on the branches and trunk of the Arbor-vitae, sometimes 

 8 or lo ft. from the ground. I have never observed this habit in the 

 north, although the species is far more abundant there, but Mr. J. A. G. 

 Rehn says, in an interesting article on " The Habits and Distribution 

 of Podisma variegata " (Ent. News, XT., 630), that in Pennsylvania they 

 occur on the branches of hemlock, and that when removed they will 

 quickly return. 



From these various facts it may be inferred that P. glacialis is the 

 more primitive form, especially as the genus is typically an alpine one, 

 and that it once inhabited a much larger area, but after the retreat of the 

 ice-sheet it disappeared from this area, except in the northern part and on 

 the mountains farther south. Variegata, on the other hand, may be 

 regarded as an incipient species, the product of an effort on the part of 

 the parent species to survive amid the altered conditions of its environ- 

 ment. These conditions, as we go southward, diverge more and more 

 from those to which the insect was originally adapted, and hence it is not 

 surprising to find slight modifications of structure and colour-pattern 

 corresponding in degree with these changes. 



Its occurrence in swampy stations southward is what would be 

 expected from the fact that wet soil is a poor conductor of heat, and such 

 places are cooler than the more open, dry country, but its fondness for 

 hemlock in Pennsylvania seems to indicate a distinct specialization in the 

 insect's habits in this locality. Further observation, however, is desirable 

 on this point. 



As many of my Canadian specimens can be classed equally well with 

 glacialis or variegata, it will be necessary to give a new racial name to 

 these forms, and I have accordingly subdivided the species as follows, 

 though it will be understood that these different geographical races cannot 

 be sharply separated from one another : 



A. Antennae distinctly shorter than hind femora ( J ), nearly three-fourths 

 as long ( 9 ). Eyes not very prominent. Hind femora nearly 

 uniform green externally, obscurely bifasciate with darker green. 

 Furcula crossing basal fourth or fifth of supra-anal plate. Cerci of 




300 



THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



B. 



C 



(^ rather stout, middle breadth not less than two-thirds the basal 

 breadth. 



Habitat — Mountains of New England. — P. glacialis, Scudd., type. 

 Antennae about as long {$), about five-sixths as long ( 9 ) as the 

 hind femora. Eyes prominent, especially in the $ . Hind femora 

 green externally, more or less distinctly bifasciate with darker green, 

 especially on the superior sulcus. Furcula generally crossing less 

 than the basal fifth of the supra anal plate, but longer than the last 

 segment. Cerci of $ about half as broad in middle as at base. 

 Habitat — Northern Ontario. — P. glacialis Canadensis, new race. 

 Antennas longer ( (J ), faintly shorter ( 9 ), than hind femora. Eyes 

 prominent, especially in the c^ . Hind femora pale-yellow externally, 

 strongly bifasciate with dark-brown or blackish, Furcula about as 

 long as the last segment. Cerci of ^ less than half as broad in 

 middle as at base. Habitat — New York, Pennsylvania, Ontario (L. 

 Simcoe, Tobermory). — P. glacialis variegata, Scudd. 

 Specimens from Lake Simcoe and Tobermory may be placed with 

 variegata, but are not quite typical. I have seen no specimens o{ glacialis 

 from the mountains of New York and Pennsylvania, so that I have given 

 them no place in the above table. They will probably fall under P. 



glacialis type. 



Measurements. 



Males. 



Antenna. 



Head and Pronotum. Hind Femur. 



Bodv. 



Mt. Wash. 



,:; spec 



Speckled Mt. 



3 spec 



New Engfland. 

 (Morse) 48 spec 



North Bay. 

 8 spec 



Algonq Pk. 

 14 spec 



TcAermory. 

 5 spec 



Lake Simcoe. 

 14 spec 



Penn'a. 



4 spec 



Ithaca, N. Y. 

 (Scudder) 



8.1-8.2 Av. 8.15 

 (2 spec.) 



9.0-9.2 A\*. 9.1 

 (2 spec.) 



8.0-9.0 



8.5-9.0 Av. 8.8 



8.0-10.0 Av. 8.66 



10.0-10.5Av. 10.16 



lo.o-i i.o Av. 10.5 



12.0 (i spec.) 



10.5 



mm. 

 5.5-5.8 Av. 5.53 



5.7-5.8 Av. 5.7J 



5.4-5.8 Av. 5.62 



4.S-5.7 Av. 5.19 



5.7-^.0 Av. 5.84 



5-3-6..^ Av. 5.79 



5.3-5.8 Av. 5.52 



mm. 

 9-5-9-7 Av. 9.57 



9.0-9.7 Av. 9.4 



9.5-10.8 



g.5-10.3 Av. 9.9 



8.4-10.0 Av. 8.8 



io.o~io.8 Av. 10.24 



9.5-10.5 .\v. 10.08 



9.5-10.2 Av. 9.8 



9-25 



•-•o-'7-.S Av. 17.3 

 17.0-18.0 Av. 17.7 



'5-0-I--5 



17. 0-18.0 Av. 17.27 



15.0-17.5 Av. 16.1 



'-•5-18.5 Av. 18.44 



17.5-20.0 Av. 18.4 



16.5-18.5 Av. 17.5 



16.5 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



301 



Antenna. 



Females. 



Head and Pronotum. Hind Femur. 



Body. 



Mt. Wash. 

 I spec 



Speckled Mt. 



3 spec 



New England. 

 (Morse) 62 spec 



North Bay. 

 5 spec 



Algonq Pk. 



4 spec 



Tobermory. 



5 spec 



Lake Sinicoe. 

 8 spec 



Penn'a. 

 3 spec 



Ithaca, N. Y. 

 (Scudder) 



mm. 

 7.2 



8.2-9.0 Av. 8.6 

 (2 spec.) 



7.0-8.5 



g. 0-10.5 Av. g.g 

 9.o-g.2 Av. g. I 

 g.o-ii.oAv. I0.12 



lo.o-ii.oAv. 10. 6g 



11.5(1 spec.) 

 8.5 + 



mm. 

 7.0 



6.3-7.0 Av. 6.6 



6.3-7.0 Av. 6.86 



6.0-6.8 Av. 6.47 



6-S-7-.5 Av. 7.09 



6.8-7.8 Av. 7.2g 



6.5-7.0 Av. 6.66 



lo.o-i 1.5 Av. 10. g 

 10. 0-12.0 



12. 0-12. 6 Av. 12.4 



10.2-12.0 Av. 1 1.2 



I2.2-13-5 Av. 12.3 



1 1. 0-13. 4 Av. 12.4 



12.0-12.5 Av. 12.25 

 12-75 



mm. 

 25.0 



21.0-26.0 .\\'. 23.0 



ig.0-28.0 



2I-5-25-2 Av. 23.g 



20.0-24.0 .^v. 21.7 



22.0-26.5 Av. 24.8 



24.5-26.5 Av. 25.37 



21.0-24-5 Av. 22.83 



23-5 



Fig. 



I, 2, 7. 



3. 4- 

 5.6,8 



9- 



48. 



49- 

 53- 



61. 



10-17. 



18-31. 



50- 



54-56. 



62, 63. 

 32-36- 

 37-42. 



Explanation of Plate 6. 

 Podis?na glacialis,\)/\ie, ^ cercus. Mt. Washington, N. H. 

 " " " " Greylock Mt., Mass. 



" Speckled Mt., Stoneham, Me. 



From Scudder (Rev. Mel.). 

 " " " c? , head and pronotum. Mt. Washington, 



N. H. 



Speckled Mt., Me. 

 " " " (? , supra-anal plate and furcula. Speckled 



Mt., Me. 

 " ^ , hind femur. Speckled Mt., Me. 

 . '• " canadensis, ^ cercus. North Bay, Onl. 



" Algonquin Park, Ont. 



'• '• " (J , head and pronotum. North Bay, 



Ont. 

 " " " c? > supra-anal plate and furcula. 



North Bay, Ont. 

 " c? . hind femur. North Bay, Ont. 



" •' variegaia, S circus. Tobermory, Bruce Co., Ont. 



" Lake Simcoe, Ont. 




302 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 



43. Podis?naglacialis,variegata,^ctrc\x?,. From Scudder (Rev. Mel,). 

 44,4.5- " " " " North Mt., Penn'a. 



46. " " " " Bellasylva, VVyo. Co., Pa. 



47- " " " " GlenOmoko, Sull. Co., Pa. 



51. " " " c? , head and pronotum. Lake Simcoe, 



Ont. 



52. " " " " " " NorthMt.,Pa. 

 57,58. " " " (? , supra-anal plate and furcula. 



Lake Simcoe, Ont. 

 59, 60. " " " (? , supra-anal plate and furcula. 



North Mt, Pa. 



64. " " " $ hind femur. Lake Simcoe, Ont. 



65. " " " " " Bellasylva, Pa. 



ON THE SYSTEMATIC POSITION OF THE ORTHOPTEROUS 

 GENUS AULOCARA, SCUDDER. 



BY A. N. CAUDELL, WASHINGTON, D. C. 



Too late for correction, I find that in my recent paper on western 

 Orthoptera* I have redescribed Scudder's Anlocara rufuin as a new 

 species under the name guajiieri, placing it in the not very nearly related 

 genus Heliasttis. This unfortunate mistake was brought about by the 

 uncertain position of the genus Aulocara, which possesses both tryxaline 

 and oedipodine characters. The general aspect of the species of the genus 

 is certainly very strongly oedipodinean and the characters of the declivate 

 vertex, subperpendicular front, filiform antenna, small round eyes, obsolete 

 lateral carinae, twice or thrice severed median carina, wrinkled pronotum, 

 and of the generally present intercalary vein, all indicate close affinity to 

 the Q^dipodinse. McNeill, in his revision of the Tryxalinaef, excludes this 

 genus, but Scudder considers it to belong to that group. (Edocara, 

 Scudd., and the invalid genus Coloradella of Brunner von Wattenwyl|, 

 are synonyms of Aulocara, and under the former name Saussure places it 

 in the Q^dipodinae§, and Coloradella was established as a tryxaline genus. 

 Thus there is considerable difference of opinion among specialists as to 

 the systematic position of Aulocara. Upon thoroughly studying the 

 group characters exhibited by our species of this genus, I feel very certain 

 that its logical position is in the CEdipodinpe. 



* Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxvi., 775-809(1903) 

 t Proc. Davenp. Acad. Nat. Sc, vi., 179-274 (1S97). 

 :J: Ann. Mus Genoa (2) xiii., 123 (1893). 

 § Piodr. CKdipod., suppl., 15 (1888). 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 303 



CLASSIFICATION OF THE FOSSORIAL, PREDACEOUS AND 



PARASITIC WASPS, OR THE SUPERFAMILY 



VESPOIDEA. 



BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD, M. A., D. SC, ASSISTANT CURATOR, U. S. 



NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



(Paper No. i6. — Continued from Vol. XXXV., p. 205.) 



Family XLIL— Mutillidae. 



1830. Mutillidae, Family (partim), Leach ; Edinb. Ency., IX., p. 145. 



1855. Mutillidje, Family (partim), Smith; Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., 

 III., p. I. 



1899. Mutillidae, Family XLIL, Ashmead ; Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, 

 VII., p. 49. 



1899. Mutillidae, Family (partim), Fox; Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, 

 XXV., p. 220. 



1899. Mutiilidse, Famille (partim), Andre ; Spec. Hym. d'Eur. Tom. 

 VIII., pp. 1-77. 



1903. Mutillidae, Famille (paitim), Andre ; VVytsman's Gen. Ins., 

 Fam. Mutillidae. 



William E. Leach, and not Frederick Smith, as Ernest Andre has it, 

 was the first to establish the family Mjitillidce ; but none of these gentle- 

 men correctly defined it, and all have included genera which do not 

 belong to it. Some of the genera belong to the Bet hy I ides, one belongs 

 to the Thymiidce, one to the Cosilidce, and others to the Myrf/wsidce. 



The family, as here restricted, contains only wingless females, with 

 the thorax always undivided, or without trace of the pronotal or mesonotal 

 sutures, while the males are easily distinguished from those in other 

 families by having the abdomen terminating in two slender, straight spines, 

 which usually project from between the two plates of the pygidium — the 

 epipygium and the hypopygium. All other writers on these wasps, 

 namely, Klug, Lepeletier, Leach, Haliday, Radoszkowski, Sichel, Smith, 

 Saussure, Blake, Cresson, Fox, Peringuey and Andre, have, in my opinion, 

 included in the family genera or groups which do not belong to it, but 

 which fall naturally into other families, as I have clearly shown in my 

 characterization of the families. All its members are genuine parasites, 

 and live in tha nests of various bees and wasps. The family may be 

 separated into two closely-allied subfamilies, as follows ; 




304 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



Table of Subfaniiiies. 



Abdomen with the first segment broadly sessile with the second, without 



a distinct constriction or furrow between, and never much narrowed 



or petiohform, although sometimes subnodose in some 



males Subfamily I., Mutillinre. 



Abdomen with the first segment J>etiolate or pet ioli/or/n, never hToa.d\y 



sessile with the second, but much narrowed at apex, and usually 



wit/i a constriction or furrow between it and the 



second Subfamily II., Ephutinse. 



Subfamily I. — MutilliniE. 



This group has apparently reached its highest development in 



Europe, Africa and Asia, the typical forms found in America being less 



numerous ; the others show a closer affinity with the next subfamily or 



the Ephutince, tribe Sphaerophthahnini. 



Two minor groups or tribes may be recognized by the following 



characters : 



Eyes small, rounded, hemispherical or ellipsoidal, prominently convex, 



smooth and highly polished, not facetted, or with the facets vaguely 



defined, except in $ Tricholabiodes, Psetidophotopsis and Alloneiirion, 



which have large oval eyes, more or less facetted, that extend to tiie 



base of the mandibles Tribe I., Photopsidini. 



Eyes larger, not rounded or hemispherical, ovate, obovate or ellipsoidal, 



always distinctly facetted, and in the $ sometimes emarginate 



within Tribe II., Mutillini. 



Tribe I. — Photopsidini. 



The majority of the males in this group more closely resemble those 



in the family Myrmosidas, tribe Chyphotini, than any of the others, and this 



resemblance has influenced me in placing the tribe at the head of the 



family Mutillidce, although in cephalic characters, and particularly in the 



rounded eyes, ihey are evidently allied to the tribe Sphaerophthahnini, 



some of the females having been described originally in the genus 



Sphaerophthalma, Blake. 



Table of Genera. 

 Males I. 



Females 20. 



I. Eyes large, oval, not hemispherical, occupying most of the sides 

 of the head and extending to base of mandibles, usually with a 

 feeble sinus in front and behind, delicately facetted 2. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 305 



Eyes not large, hemispherical or rounded 4. 



2. Postscutellum armed on each side with a small erect tooth or spine ; 



mesonotum with complete furrows 3. 



Postscutellum normal, unarmed. 



Front wings with three cubital cells, the third sometimes incom- 

 plete, the stigma very small and indistinct ; only one recurrent 

 nervure; mandibles strongly excised beneath, 3-dentate at 

 apex ; middle and hind tibise armed with spines. 



(Africa ) Tricholabiodes, Radoszkowski. 



(Type Mutilla pedunculata, Klug.) 



3. Front wings with two cubital cells and only one recurrent nervure ; 



both mandibles excised beneath, with a process or projection 

 before the incision ; ocelli large. (Africa, 



Asia.) Pseudophotopsis, Andre'. 



(Type Agama Kamarovi, Radosz ) 

 Front wings with fAree cuhhal cells and with two recurrent nervures, 

 the third cubital cell again divided by a longitudinal vein issuing 

 from the middle of the second transverse cubitus. 



(Asia ) Alloneurion, Ashmead. 



(Type Mutilla Kokpetica, Radosz.) 



4. Mesosternum anteriorly normal, unarmed 5. 



Mesosternum anteriorly abnormal, armed with two (or more) teeth. 



Head quadrate, the temples full ; mandibles at apex 4-dentate ; 

 mesosternum laterally at the middle armed with a tooth ; first 

 joint of the flagellum as long or nearly as the second. (North 



America.) Tetraphotopsis, Ashm., gen. nov. 



(Type T. Hubbardi, Ashm.) 



Head not quadrate, the temples not full ; mandibles at apex 

 3-dentate ; mesosternum laterally unarmed ; first joint of the 

 flagellum shorter than the second. (North 



America.) Odontophotopsis, V^iereck. 



(Type O. exogyrus, Viereck.) 



5. Marginal cell at apex pointed or rounded, but never broadly 



truncate 6. 



Marginal cell at apex broadly, squarely truncate 15. 



6. Mandibles beneath excised, or with a sinus and usually with a tooth, 



or process, before the incision, or at least the left mandible excised 

 beneath , , 7. 




306 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



Mandibles beneath simple, not excised g. 



7. Mandibles acuminate, or with a tooth within before apex, never 



3-dentate 14. 



Mandibles stout and strong throughout, at apex 3-dentate. 



Front wings with only one recurrent nervure 8. 



Front wings with two recurrent nervures 13. 



8. Ocelli large ; submedian cell a little longer than the median ; first 



and second joints of the flagellum cylindrical, more than twice 

 longer than thick, and about equal in length. (North 



America.) Neophotopsis, Ashm., gen. nov. 



(Type Photopsis pluto, Fox.) 



Ocelli small ; submedian cell not longer than the median ; first joint 



of the flagellum a little longer than thick and shorter than the 



second. (North America.) Bruesia, Ashm., gen. nov. 



(Type Mutilla harmonia. Fox.) 



9. Front wings with three cubital cells, or the third partially formed. . 12. 

 Front wings with two cubital cells, the third entirely absent. 



Mesonotum with distinct parapsidal furrows 10. 



Mesonotum without parapsidal furrows 11. 



10. Mandibles at apex 3-dentate. 



Front wings with two cubital cells. (North 



America.) Neophotopsis, Ashm. (partim). 



11. Second cubital cell triangular; ocelli large; flagellum cylindrical, the 



first joint longer than wide, but shorter than the second. (North 



America.) Micromulilla, Ashmead. 



(Type Photopsis nana, Ashm.) 



Second cubital cell small, irregularly pentagonal ; ocelli not large, 

 close together in a triangle. (South 



America.) Scaptodactyla, Burmeister. 



(Type S. heterogama, Burm.) 



1 2. Mandibles strong, 3-deniate at apex. 



Front wings with only one recurrent nervure ; first abdominal 

 segment smooth, or at most only sparsely feebly 

 punctate Neophotopsis, Ashm. (partim). 



Front wings with two recurrent nervures ; first abdominal segment 

 distinctly, closely punctate Photopsis, Blake (partim). 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 307 



1 3. Ocelli large ; submedian cell not or rarely much longer than the 



median ; first abdominal segment closely punctate. (North 



America.) Photopsis, Blake. 



(Type P. imperialis, Blake.) 

 Ocelli small ; submedian cell longer than the median; first abdominal 

 segment smooth, impunctate. (North 



America.) Nomi?ephagus, Ashmead. 



(Type Mutilla Sanbornii, Blake.) 



14. Ocelli large; submedian cell a little longer than the median ; two 



recurrent nervures, the second, however, sometimes incomplete or 

 subobsolete at apex; first joint of the flagellum about twice as long 



as thick. (North America.) Pyrrhomutilla, Ashmead. 



(Type Sphaerophthalma anthophorse, Ashm.) 



15. Mesonotum without parapsidal furrows 16. 



Mesonotum with parapsidal furrows 18. 



16. Thorax about twice as long as wide, not wider than the head 17. 



Thorax not much longer than wide, wider than the head. 



Submedian cell not longer than the median ; flagellum cylindrical, 

 tapering off at apex, the fourth joint not much longer than the 

 second; second ventral segment more or less conically produced 

 or elevated at basal middle. (Australia. ).Eurymutilla, Ashmead. 



(Type Mutilla afiinis, Westw.) 



17. Submedian cell longer than the median ; flagellum cylindrical, the 



first joint shorter than the second; second ventral segment normal. 



(.\ustralia.) Ephutomorpha, .\ndre. 



(Type Mutilla aurata, Fabr.) 



18. Front wings with two cubital cells 19. 



Front wings with three cubital cells. 



Head subglobose; ocelli small. Australia. Bothriomutilla, Ashmead. 



(Type Mutilla rugicollis, VVeslw.) 

 19 Head subquadrate ; ocelli small: mandibles excised beneath, 2- or 



3-dentate {teste KxvAxL) (South America.) Tallium Andre. 



(Type Mutilla tenebrosa, Gerst.) 



20. Thorax not or hardly twice as long as wide, usually narrowed 



posteriorly, but never very elongate 21, 



Thorax elongate, thrice as long as wide, or nearly, obpyriform .... 29. 



21. Thorax at least i}^ times as long as wide, obtrapezoidal, obovoid, 



obpyriform, or banjo shaped, or nearly 24. 




308 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



Thorax not or only a little longer than wide, quadrate or nearly, 

 obtrapezoidal, short ovoid or otherwise shaped. 



Thorax obtrapezoidal or short ovoid 22. 



Thorax hexagonal, a little wider than long, punctate ; head 

 subglobose ; first and second joints of the flagellum only a 

 little longer than thick. (Australia). .Eurymutilla, Ashmead. 



(Type Mutilla affinis, Westw.) 



22. Thorax at least i ^/^ times as long as wide 24. 



Thorax obtrapezoidal and only a little longer than wide. 



Mandibles excised beneath 23. 



Mandibles not excised beneath. 



Mandibles conically pointed edentate; first and second joints 

 of the flagellum small, not longer than wide, the third 

 joint longer than the second . . Micromuiilla, Ashmead. 

 Mandibles falcate^ but with a small tooth within before the 

 apex; first joint of the flagellum much longer than wide 

 and longer than the second .. Neophotopsis, Ashmead. 



23. Mandibles decussate, acute at apex, but with a minute tooth within 



before the apex ? Odontophotopsis, Viereck. 



24. Thorax banjo-shaped, or nearly 32. 



Thorax obovoid or obpyriform. 



Head transverse quadrate, the temples broad ; eyes oval or 

 ellipsoidal ; highly polished. 



Mandibles long, acuminate decussate, edentate, first 

 joint of the flagellum long, obconical, longer than 

 the 2nd and 3rd united. . . .? Neophotopsis, Ashm- 

 Thorax obtrapezoidal. 



Head subglobose, the temples rather broad ; eyes ellipsoidal 

 or nearly round. 



Scape very long ; first joint of flagellum very long ; 

 mandibles long, slender, pointed at apex, v/ith two 



teeth within Scaptodactyla, Burmeister. 



Scape normal ; first joint of flagellum not especially 

 long. 



Left mandible ivith an incision beneath 

 toward base. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 309 



Mandibles bidentate ; first juint of 

 the flagellutn long, fully as 

 long as 2nd and 3rd 

 united. .? Tetraphotopsis, Ashm. 



Mandibles acuminate, decussate, 



without teeth ; first joint of the 



flagellum obconical, longer than 



the second. .PNeophotopsis, Ashm. 



Left mandibles without an incision beneath, 



simple ? genus. 



24. Thorax banjo-shaped, or nearly, much contracted at the sides. . . .32. 

 Thorax obpyriform, obovoid or obtrapezoidal 25. 



25. Mandibles beneath simple, not excised 26. 



Mandibles beneath, or at least the left mandible, excised and usually 



with a process or projection before the incision .... 28. 



26. Mandibles at apex 3-dentate 27. 



Mandibles at apex simple or at most with a small tooth within before 



apex, or bidentate. 



Head rather large quadrate or subquadrate, the temples 

 broad Nomiaephagus, Ashmead. 



27. Head subglobose, the temples not especially broad, the antennal 



fovese not deep, without a carina superiorly. . .Brusia, Ashmead. 



28. Pygidium smooth, without a pygidial area ; eyes short, 



oval Tricholabiodes, Radoszkowski. 



Pygidium not smooth, with a pygidial area. 



Body bare or nearly, at the most clothed with a sparse 

 pubescence. 



Mandibles edentate, pointed at apex ; first joint of the 

 flagellum not, or scarcely, longer than wide, and 

 very little longer than the second. Photopsis, Blake. 

 Body clothed with a dense pubescence. 



Mandibles acuminate, but with a slight tooth within before 

 apex Pyrrhomutilla, Ashmead. 



29. Thorax coarsely, rugosely punctate, pitted or foveolated, the front 



margin truncate, the angles acute or toothed, the lateral margins 

 with a prominent tooth at the beginning of the contracted 



portion or in the tegular region 30. 



Thorax not coarsely, rugosely punctate or pitted, although punctate, 

 the front angles rounded, the lateral margins without a tooth, 31. 




310 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



30. Head above bare ; mandibles stout edentate, antennal fovese bounded 



by a sharp carina superiorly ; first joint of the flagellum twice as 



long as the second Bothriomutilla, Ashmead. 



Head above clothed with a dense, white pubescence ; mandibles 

 elongate, pointed at apex ; antennal fovea not bounded by a 

 carina superiorly ; first joint of the flagellum only a little 

 longer than the second (South 



America) Leucospilomutilla, Ashm., gen. nov. 



(Type Mutilla cerberus, Klug.) 



31. Head transverse or subglobose, bare or nearly; the eyes rounded, 



very prominent ; antennal fovese bounded by a carina superiorly ; 

 mandibles edentate ; first joint of the flagellum much longer than 



the second (Australia) Ephutomorpha, Andre'. 



(Type Mutilla aurata, Fabr.) 



32. Head large, subquadrate, somewhat wider than the thorax, but with 



the hind angles rounded and beneath normal, unarmed ; 



mandibles long, bidentate (South America) Tilluma, Andre. 



(Type Mutilla spinosa, Swederus.) 



Head very large, quadrate, wider than the thorax, the hind angles 



acute, and armed on each side beneath with a strong tooth ; 



mandibles long, acute, with a tooth within much before the 



middle (South America) Atillum, Andre'. 



(Type Mutilla bucephala, Perty.) 



A NEW ANOPHELES WITH UNSPOTTED WINGS. 



BY D. W. COQUILLETT, WASHINGTON, D. C. 



Anopheles Barberi, new species. — Near Waikeri, but only about 

 half as large, the upright forked scales of the occiput chiefly yellowish- 

 white, body devoid of scales, etc. Black, the base of the antennse, 

 clypeus, stems of halteres, coxae and trochanters yellow, thorax and 

 scutellum yellowish-brown, front portion of the former and the pleura 

 more yellowish, occiput devoid of appressed scales ; thorax somewhat 

 polished, thinly bluish-gray pruinose, the hairs and bristles chiefly black, 

 those of the abdomen mostly yellowish, of the coxae yellow ; femora with 

 a distinct bluish tinge, tarsal claws simple ; wings hyaline, the scales 

 brown, the lateral ones lanceolate, petiole of first submarginal cell about 

 one-third as long as tliat cell, base of the latter much nearer the base of 

 the wing than that of the second posterior cell, hind crossvein less than 

 its length from the small crossvein ; length, 3 mm. 



Three females, collected August 14th, 1902, and August 17 and 19, 

 1903, on Plummer's Island, Maryland, by Mr. H. S. Barber, after whom 

 the species is named. Type No. 6959, U. S. National Museum. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 311 



NOTES ON CULICID/E AND THEIR LARV^ EROM J'ECOS, 



NEW MEXICO, AND DESCRIPTION OF A 



NEW GRABHAMIA. 



BY FRED. V. THEOBALD, M. A., BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON, ENG. 



A small collection of mosquitoes has been sent me by Dr. Grabham, 

 collected by himself and Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell at Pecos Canon, New 

 Mexico, U. S. A. 



This collection was made in June and contains five species, namely : 



1. Theobaldia incidens, Thomson. 



2. Culex Kelloggii, Theobald. 



3. Culex consobriiius, Desvoidy. 



4. Grabhainia Curriei, Coquillett. 



5. Grabhamia vittata, nov. sp. 



1. The Theobaldia incidens, Thomson (5 $ s), show very evident 

 pale leg banding on the hind legs in one or two specimens, and the 

 position of the posterior cross-vein also varies, for one has it just before 

 the mid cross-vein, another specimen just behind the mid. They were 

 taken on the i8th, 27th and 29th of June. The largest specimen 

 measures 1 1 mm. in wing expanse. 



2. Culex Kelloggii, Theobald. (Canad. Entom., Vol. XXXV., 

 p. 211, 1903. — (Sc^s and i ? ). This species was bred by Dr. Grabham 

 from long-siphoned larvae and only a very few specimens were found. 

 They are quite typical, but the ^ s are much smaller than the type, one 

 only being 4 mm. long. They were bred from the 19th to the 27 th of 

 June. 



The larva of C. Kelloggii. — Head bright testaceous ; eyes black, a 

 black band behind ; antennae black, at the apex acuminate, ending in 

 three long black spines and one very small one ; just above the junction 

 of the dark and pale areas is a fan-shaped set of hairs. Thoracic hairs as 

 follows : The frontal band composed of two large median triple hairs, a 

 couple of small ones next, then two single ones, followed by two triple 

 ones outside ; the next lateral area composed of two outer densely 

 compound groups, then on the inside a double and single hair ; third area 

 composed of two compound bunches. The siphon as long as the three 

 preceding segments, pale testaceous black at the apex and with a black 

 basal ring and black spot, a row of small bristles on its basal half and a 

 line of fine hair tufts on the apical portion, these are four in number 




312 



THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



and rather more basal than shown in the figure ; at its base three tufts of 

 bristles on each side and a group of spines ; anal segment with a few 

 long black dorsal bristles and pale ventral fan ; gill plates long and 

 narrow. Characteristic basal spines shown at a. 

 Length. — 8.5 to 9 mm. 



Fig. 14. — Culex Kelloggii, larva. 



I. Thoracic frontal and lateral hairs; II. Antenna; III. Anal gills; IV. Respiratory- 

 siphon, a basal spines. 



3. Culex amsobrinus, Desvoidy. — One $ taken on June 21st. This 

 species I do not think has been recorded so far south before. 



4. Grabhatnia Curriei, Coquillett. Culex Curriei, Coquillett. (Can. 

 Entomol,, p. 259, 1902.). — A series of 10 9 s, varying greatly in size, the 

 smallest 4.5 mm., the largest 6 mm. The metanotum is densely clothed 

 with pale straw-coloured narrow curved scales with a median broad 

 reddish-brown line, one or two show traces of narrow similarly-coloured 

 lateral lines. They were taken from 2olh to 29th of June, during the 

 day, and were very troublesome and abundant. The four pairs of black 

 abdominal spots on segments 2 to 5 are very marked. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



010 

 o lo 



5. Grahhamia vittata, n. sp. — Thorax clothed with rich reddish- 

 brown scales and with two narrow broken creamy lines and a ievf pale 

 scales at the sides, especially over the roots of the wings ; pleura with 

 dense gray scales. Abdomen blackish-brown with basal white bands ; 

 venter white. Legs brown, base of femora pale, remainder of femora 



Fig. 15. — Grabhamia vittata, larva. 

 I. Thoracic frontal and lateral hairs; II. Antenna; III. Siphon, a basal spines. 



and tibi?e mottled with white scales ; some of the tarsi with basal white 

 bands ; last hind tarsal black ; ungues of 9 all uniserrated ; of ^ all 

 uniserrated. 



? . — Head brown with narrow curved yellowish scales, palest in the 

 middle, with numerous upright yellow and black forked scales, flat 

 creamy-white lateral scales with a round patch of flat black ones in the 

 middle of each white area, a pale border along the eyes, black bristles 

 projecting over them, except in the middle where the bristles are golden ; 

 antennae deep brown, basal joint and base of the second joint bright 




314 THE CA.NA.DIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



testaceous; proboscis deep brown; palpi deep brown towards the apex; 

 joints testaceous, with a few golden and black hairs, apical joint long, as 

 long as the rest of the palpi. Thorax deep brown, clothed with bright 

 reddish-brown narrow curved scales, a narrow median black line and a 

 narrow line of creamy scales on each side, also a few creamy scales in 

 front, over the root of the wings and before the scutellum ; four rows of 

 long dark bristles on the posterior half of the mesonotum ; scutellum 

 brown with narrow curved pale creamy scales and long dark posterior 

 border bristles ; metanotum pale brown ; pleura fawn coloured, densely- 

 white scaled. 



Abdomen deep blackish brown with basal white bands and a few 

 yellow scales on the apices of the last three segments ; border bristles 

 pallid ; venter densely clothed with creamy-white scales. Legs with the 

 coxfe pale, with creamy scales ; femora pale basally and ventrally, with 

 scattered brown scales becoming densest towards the apex, extreme apex 

 with a yellow spot ; tibiae brown, mottled with pale scales, darkest 

 towards the apex and with black bristles ; fore metatarsi and first two 

 tarsal segments with narrow pale basal bands ; mid-tarsi the same as the 

 fore ; hind legs with a pale basal band to the metatarsi and first three 

 tarsal segments, last segment black ; all the ungues uniserrated. 



Wings with brown scales except on the subcostal vein and one side 

 of the first long vein, where they are mainly white, and also at the base of 

 the costa ; the lateral vein-scales on the second, third, fourth and apex of 

 the fifth veins long ; the first, third and fifth long veins with darker scales 

 than the remainder ; fork-cells short, the first submarginal cell longer and 

 narrower than the second posterior cell, its base about level with that of 

 the latter, its stem slightly longer than half the length of the cell ; stem of 

 the second posterior about the same length as the cell ; posterior cross- 

 vein rather more than its own length distant from the mid cross-vein ; 

 fringe dense, brown. Halteres with pale testaceous stem and fuscous 

 knot. 



Length. — 4.2 to 5.5 mm. 



$. — Palpi brown with a white band at the base of the two apical 

 joints, plume hairs brown, yellow opposite the pale basal areas, there is 

 also a pale band on the long antepenultimate joint, the last two joints of 

 nearly equal length, the apical one slightly the shorter ; apex of the 

 antepenultimate swollen. Antennae with brown plume hairs tipped with 

 grayish-yellow ; scales of the head gray. Thorax with looser, more 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 315 



scattered, reddish-brown scales in the middle, gray ones at the sides. 

 Abdomen as in the $. Legs banded as in the $ , but the pale basal 

 bands more of a yellow hue. 



Fork-cells very small ; first submarginal a little longer and much 

 narrower than the second posterior, its base a little the nearer the apex of 

 the wing, its stem a little longer than the cell ; stem of the second 

 posterior cell also longer than the cell ; posterior cross-vein about one 

 and a half times its own length distant from the mid. 



Fore and mid ungues unequal, both uniserrated, the larger mid 

 ungues rather straighter than the much-curved fore one ; hind ungues 

 equal, prominently uniserrated. Basal lobes of genitalia very hairy, 

 claspers narrow, thin, terminating in a longish spine. 



Length. — 4.5 to 5 mm. 



Habitat. — Pecos Canon, New Mexico, U. S. A. 



Time of capture. — June i6thto 29th. 



Observations. — A very abundant species, according to Dr. Grabham, 

 caught after sunset. It varies very much in size, the smallest specimen 

 being 4 mm, the largest 5.5 rnm. The $ has evidently a variable 

 adornment on the thorax and is peculiar in having the hind ungues 

 uniserrated. 



The species can easily be told from any other Grabhamia with 

 banded legs by the basally-banded abdomen and last hind tarsal being 

 black and the white-scaled sub costal and first long vein. G. dorsalis, 

 which it most nearly approaches, has the abdomen and thorax with 

 different adornment and the legs basally and apically banded, not basally 

 as in this species. The type is in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.). 



The larva. — Head deep chestnut brown, eyes black, reniform, pale 

 around ; antennae pale testaceous at the base, dark at the apex, 

 terminating in two small spines and a third larger flattish pointed one, 

 paler in colour ; there is also a long lateral spine about half way down 

 the antenna; mouth whorls bright golden-yellow; thorax and abdomen 

 pale brown with a double darker dorsal line, the front of the thorax with 

 four tufts of black hairs in the middle in front, then two separate hairs 

 and then another tuft on each side, two pairs of long lateral tufts, the first 

 pair with two single black bristles just behind them and a little more 

 centrally placed ; the first two abdominal segments with large lateral 

 tufts, remainder with small ones ; siphon short and thick, deep brown, 

 about as long as the penultimate and antepenultimate segments ; a few 




316 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



tufts of hair near its base and also a patch of characteristic spines shown 

 at a. The last segment has a single dorsal tuft with a large bristle below 

 it ; the ventral fan rather long and prominent and four ventral small tufts. 



Length. — When mature, 9 mm. 



T\\Q pupa has cylindrical siphons contracted towards the apex, with 

 small, slightly-oblique, opening ; there is a dense median tuft on the first 

 abdominal segment. The anal fins are large, rounded, with median rib 

 and double-contoured border towards the base of each fin ; a distinct 

 apical dorsal tuft on the last segment. 



Length. — 5 mm., with anal fins 6 mm. 



HESSIAN FLY REARED IN THE LABORATORY. 



BY F. L. WASHBURN, ST. ANTHONY PARK, MINN. 



It has always been claimed that there is but one brood of Hessian 

 Fly in Minnesota. On June 25th of current year larvse of Hessian Fly 

 in second stage were found working on wheat in an adjoining county, 

 brought to the Experiment Station and the wheat plant placed in moist 

 sand in breeding jar in laboratory. These specimens quickly formed 

 puparia, and one fly, a female, emerged July 19th. She lived about two 

 days, before dying depositing between 80 and 90 eggs on green blade of 

 wheat and on dried wheat stem in breeding cage. The eggs were laid 

 indiscriminately on leaf and stem, some singly, some in clusters of two or 

 three and some in strings attached by ends. 



On July ist one larva was found in field in first stage, brought into 

 laboratory on wheat plant, but did not live. 



On the same day larvae in second stage were secured and placed in 

 breeding jar in laboratory. Upon July 8th they formed puparia, and on 

 Aug. 1 6th one female emerged. She died Aug. i8th without ovipositing. 



The season here has been cold and damp, ideal condition for 

 Hessian Fly. Probably more favorable conditions existed outside than 

 in the laboratory. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 31 7 



LIST OF CANADIAN COLEOPTERA. 



BY JOHN D. EVANS, TRENTON, ONT. 

 (Continued from page 292.) 

 Chrysomelidce. 

 6550, Orsodachna atra, Ahr., '79, '80. 

 *659o, Coscinoptera dominicana, Fab., '80. 

 ^6592, "" vittigera, Lee, '79. 



6610b, Bassareus pretiosus, Melsh., '80. 

 6614a, Cryptocephalus notatus. Fab., 80. 

 *6626, " confluens, Say, '79. 



*6633, " calidus, Suffr., '80. 



6683, Pachybrachys carbonarius, Hald., '79. 

 6690, " atomarius, Melsh., '80, 



sp., '79. 

 Graphops, sp., '80 

 6778, Nodonota tristis, Oliv., '80. 

 6778a, " convexa, Say, '79. 



6778b, " puncticollis. Say, '79, '80. 



6781, Entomoscelis adonidis. Fab., '79, '80. 

 6783, Prasociiris vittata, Oliv., '80. 

 6795, Chiysomela exclamationis, Fab., '79, '80. 



*683i, Gastroidea dissimilis. Say, '79, '80. 



6833, " formosa, Say, '79. 



6837, Lina lapponica, Linn., '79. 

 *6838, " tremulse, Fab., '79. 



6839, " scripta. Fab., '79, '81. 



6843, Gonioctena pallida, Linn., '81. 



6844, Phyllodecta vulgatissima, Linn., '81. 

 6848, Phyllobrotica discoidea, Fab., '79. 



6892b, Trirhabda Canadensis, Kirby, '79, '80. 




318 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



*6894, Trirhabda attenuata, Say, '79, '80. 

 6898, Adimonia externa, Say, '79, '80. 

 6907, Galeruca decora, Say, '80, '8t, 

 6909, " notulata, Fab., '81. 

 6915, " erosa, Lee, '79. 



6932, Oedioiiychis vians, III., '79, '80. 



6933, " higens, Lee, '.79. 

 6948, Disonycha alternata. III, '79, '80. 

 6950, " Pennsylvanica, 111., '80. 



6957, " triangularis. Say, '80. 



6958, " collaris. Fab., '79. 

 6960, Haltica bimarginata, Say, '79. 

 6962, " carinata, Germ., '81. 



6963a, " inserata, Lee, '79, *8o, '81. 

 6968, " evicta, Lee, '79. 

 7023, Phyllotreta vittata. Fab. '80. 

 7060, Microrhopala vittata, Fab., '80. 

 7082, Odontota nervosa, Panz., '80. 

 7104, Coptocycla guttata, Oliv., '79. 



" sp., '80. 



7109, Chelymorpha argus, Licht., '79. 



Bruchidce. 

 *7i24, Bruchus discoideus, Say, '80. 

 *7i48, " fraterculus, Horn, '79. 

 sp., '79. 

 Tenebrionidce. 

 *7254, Asida opaca. Say, '80. 

 *7257> " polita. Say, '79, '80. 

 *7259, " sordida, Lee, '79. 

 ^7291, Coniontis opaca, Horn., '79. 

 *7320, Eleodes tricostata. Say, '79, '80. 

 *7323. " obsoleta. Say, '79, '80. 

 ♦7327, " extricata. Say, '79, '80. 

 *734o, " hispilabris. Say, '79, '80. 

 *7357. " opaca, Say, '79, '80. 

 7401, Upis ceraniboides, Linn., '79, '80, '81. 

 * 10592, Blapstinus gregalis, Casey, '79, '80. 

 Paratenetus gibbipennis, Mots., '79. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 319 



Mclaiidryidcc. 

 7653, Melandrya stiiata, Say, '79. 



Cephaloidce. 

 7759, Cephaloon tenuicorne, Lee, '81. 



MordellidcE. 

 111^, Mordella metena, Germ., '79. 

 7783, " marginata, Melsh., '79. 



sp., '80. 



Anihicidce. 

 Stereopalpus, sp., '79. 

 7925, Notoxus anchora, Hentz. , '79, '80. 



MeloidcE. 



8006, Meloe impressus, Kirby, '79, '80. 

 *8o28, Nemognatha dichroa, Lee, '79, '80. 

 *8o77, Epicauta puncticollis, Mann., '79. 

 ^8078, " oblita, Lee, '79, '80. 



^8083, " sericans, Lee, '79, '80. 



*8o84, " pruinosa, Lee, '80. 



*8o92, " maculata. Say, '79, '80. 



8104, " Pennsylvaiiica, DeG., '79. 



" sp., '79. 



8132, Cantharis Nuttalli, Say, '79, '80. 



8133. " cyanipennis. Say, '79, '80. 



* " atrata, Fab., '80. 



RhynchitidiE. 

 8210, Rhynchites bicolor. Fab., '79, '80. 



Otiorhynch idee. 

 ^8245, Ophryastes sulcirostris, Say, '79. 



^8279, Nocheles aequalis, Horn, '80. 



*83i2, Tanymechus confertus, Gyll.j'79. 



C'urculion idee. 

 8348, Sitones tibialis, Hbst., '80. 

 *8357, Trichalophus simplex, Lee, '79. 

 8429, Phytonomus setigerus, Lee, '80. 

 8437, Lepyrus colon, Linn., '79, '81. 

 8444, Listronotus insequalipennis, Boh., '79. 

 Macrops, 2 sp., '79. 

 2 sp. , '80. 




320 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



8482, Hypomolyx pineti, Fab., '81. 

 *8487, Lixiis rubellus, Rand., '79, 

 *8497, " mucidus, Lee, '80. 

 *85i4, Stephanocleonus cristatus, Lee, '79, 



8543, Eryciis puncticoUis, Lee, 79, '80. 



8615, Magdalis barbita, Say, '79. 



8648, Anthonomus nigrinus, Boh., '79, '80. 

 *8659, " rufipes, Lee, '80. 



8661, " cratjegi, Walsh, '81. 



*8842, Ceutorhynchus sericans, Lee, '80. 

 ■"■11078, " erysimi, Fab., '80. 



CalandridcB. 

 89S9, Sphenophorus costipennis, Horn, '79. 



Scolytidce. 

 Hylesinus, sp., '80. 

 The genus and species of several specimens have not yet been 

 determined. 



GASTROPHILUS EPILEPSALIS, French. 



BY F. L. WASHBURN, ST. ANTHONY PARK, MINN. 



Dr. Burnside Foster, of St. Paul, a short time since sent me three 

 Dipterous larvae taken from the cutaneous tissue of a three-weeks- 

 old infant, born on tlie seventh month, at Superior, Wisconsin. I at 

 first thought the insect to be Lucilia, but being in doubt, and having no 

 biological collection in this group for reference, I immediately sent it to 

 Washington, receiving a telegram in reply that Mr. Coquillett had 

 identified it as Gastrophilus epilepsalis. 



In view of Prof. French's description of the type on page 263, Vol. 

 32, of this journal, taken with his account of the medical aspects of the 

 case described, and in view also of Prof. Aldrich's objection to the 

 nomenclature, page 318, op. cit., I regard this as an interesting find. Dr. 

 Foster states that two of these maggots were from the neck, one from the 

 palm of the hand and one from between the great toe and second toe on 

 right foot, all of them in pustules similar to those made by some others 

 of this genus. The child had been sleeping out of doors considerably 

 during the daytime. The doctor proposes to write an account of the 

 case in the forthcoming number of the St. Paul Medical Journal, of 

 which he is editor. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 321 



It will be remembered that Prof. French named this species from a 

 larva, great quantities of which were found in the evacuations of a child 

 subject to periodic epileptic spasms. As these attacks ceased for a time 

 after the use of purging medicines, by means of which large numbers of 

 the maggots were voided, Prof. French appears to have assumed, 

 curiously enough, that the spasms were caused by the reprodtictio?i of the 

 larvce in the intestines (the italics are mine) and the effect of the same on 

 the nervous tissue ; hence he gave the maggot the specific name 

 epilepsalis. 



In sending the above cutaneous larvaj found by Dr. Foster to 

 VVashington, I gave no data whatever, and yet they were declared 

 identical with Prof. French's type, an intestinal parasite. 



It is a pity no imagoes were reared from the larvee. It appears 

 probable that the species is badly named, for it evidently has no 

 connection with epilepsy. In any event, much remains to be learned 

 regarding it. 



BOOK NOTICE. 



Check List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America. — By John B. 



Smith, Sc. D., Professor of Entomology, Rutgers College, assisted by 



Henry Skinner, M.D., and W. D. Kearfoot (Kearfott), Philadelphia. 



American Entomological Society, June, 1903. 



Prof. Smith has produced a new edition of his List of 1891, brought 



up to date. There seems a certain savour of rivalry in the appearance of 



this publication immediately after the Washington catalogue (Bull. 52, U. 



S. N. M.), especially as the Edwardsian names for the butterflies are 



again advanced. Still, there may be some excuse for the List in its 



smaller size and more compact form. The absence of a specific index is 



a great disadvantage. As a whole, the Washington catalogue has been 



copied, with a new set of numbers. There are some divergences, on 



which comment may be made. The most marked is Dr. Skinner's 



restoration of the Edwardsian names for the butterflies. I am sure this is 



a false position. As I have repeatedly said, there are probably too many 



genera in Dr. Scudder's system, but they must be fully studied. Prof. 



Grote has shown how it should be done in the Papilio group. A 



wholesale rejection of Dr. Scudder's work is not the way to solve the 

 problem. 



In the Sphingidae Prof. Smith makes a few changes, hardly for the 

 better. All the forms of Hetnaris teiuiis are given specific rank, which 




322 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



shows a lack of attention to the work of Prof. Smytli. In the Sat- 

 urniidse, Attacus, Linn., is preferred to RotJischildia, Grote, and Calo- 

 saturtiia, Smith, is revived for our American Saturnia. It would have 

 been better if these changes had not been made. The NoHd.-e are 

 interpolated after the Lithosidfe, following Sir G. F. Hampson. They are 

 really Tineids, as Dr. Chapman and I have shown. In the Nycteolidaj, 

 Ear las oblignata, Hy. Edw., again appears. I have been at pains to 

 point out that it is a Pyralid, though it is perhaps not surprising that Prof. 

 Smith overlooked this, since the species, unfortunately, was omitted in the 

 Washington catalogue. Cydosia and Cerathosia again inject themselves 

 into the Arctiidte, in spite of the proof adduced by Prof. Grote and myself 

 that this is not their correct position. The genus Fenaria appears in the 

 Agaristidae along with other genera which I refer to the Noctuidse, but as 

 Fenaria appears also in the Noctuid^ (p. 47), it leaves some doubt as to 

 Prof. Smith's point of view. 



In the Noctuidae, Prof. Smith's changes in the specific names will 

 prove the most valuable part of the' list. I do not think he gives enough 

 weight to Prof. Grote's work on the generic names ; but this does not 

 greatly matter in the interim of the appearance of Sir G. F. Hampson's 

 volumes, which will settle these matters, I hope. Psychophora appears in 

 the Noctuidse and again in the Geometridse. Is this a facetious attem|)t 

 to express the variation in venation which we observed in the species 

 fasciata ? Mr. Beutenmiiller gives a new version of Catocala. 



The small families following the Noctuidi^ are practically unchanged. 

 I see that Malacosoma pluvialis and AI. ambisimilis have fallen into the 

 synonymy. I wonder if Prof. Smith ever compared the larvae of Cali- 

 Jornicu and pluvialis. If he had, he could hardly have made this 

 synonymy without comment. May I not justly refer Prof. Smith to the 

 words in his own preface : " It is not for the catalogue-maker to decide 

 upon the validity of species and genera except where he has special 

 knowledge " ? 



The GeometridiB, I presume, have not been changed. Mycterophora 

 still masquerades as a Geometrid, though Prof. Smith might have properly 

 transferred it to his Noctuid series. In the Limacodidte, some unwar- 

 ranted changes have been made. Miiuiia, Reak., is not Shurtleffii, 

 Pack. , and Graefii and Fiskeatia are not flexuosa ; aesonia, crypta and 

 flavula are good varieties, not synonyms. Some very bad advice has been 

 followed here. 



In the Pyralidae and subsequent groups, Mr. Kearfott is responsible, 

 and he follows my catalogue closely. I think it would have been better 

 if the catalogue had been followed throughout and the same numbers 

 retained. Many collectors use the list numbers in correspondence, and 

 the divergences introduced will cause a certain inconvenience, not com- 

 pensated for by the cases where the changes are an improvement on my 

 catalogue. These cases are not numerous, and should have been left for 

 a more general revision. Harrison G. Dvar. 



Mailed November 6lh, 1903. 




I|^ fititailicin llntoinuldijbt 



Vol. XXXV. LONDON, DECEMBER, 1903. No. 12 



CLASSIFICATION OF THE FOSSORIAL, PREDACEOUS AND 



PARASITIC WASPS, OR THE SUPERFAMILY 



VESPOIDEA. 



BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD, M. A., D. SC, ASSISTANT CURATOR, U. S. 



NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



(Paper No. 17. — Continued from Vol. XXXV, p. 310.) 



Tribe II. — Mutillini. 

 This tribe, to the initiated, is readily distinguished by the eyes, which 

 are usually quite differently shaped, rarely smooth and shining, and always 

 distinctly facetted, although a few females have small ellipsoidal or 

 somewhat rounded eyes, as in the tribes Photopsid'nii and Sphaerophthal- 

 mini, and therefore, if the greatest care is not given to other characters, 

 could be confused with certain genera in those tribes. 



Table of Genera. 

 Males I , 



Females 28. 



1. Eyes not large, oval, ovate or ellipsoidal, never emarginate within, 



distinctly facetted 2. 



Eyes large, always distinctly emarginate within 13. 



2. Apterous or subapterous forms 3. 



Fully winged forms 8, 



3. Subapterous or with rudimentary wings 7. 



Apterous or entirely without wings. 



Thorax with distinct sutures, the scutellum more or less 

 differentiated 4. 



Thorax without sutures, the scutellum not differentiated, entirely 

 absent ; eyes small, oval. (Europe, Africa and 



Asia.) Brachymutilla, Andre. 



(Type B. gynandromorpha, Andre.). 



4. Mandibles dentate c. 



Mandibles edentate, acute at apex. 




324 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



Thorax oblong, narrowed posteriorly, rounded in front, the 

 scutellum very minute; eyes small, oval. (North 



America.) Morsyma, Fox. 



(Type M, Ashmeadii, Fox.) 



5. Thorax not obbell-shaped 6. 



Thorax ob-bell-shaped, widest in front, the pronotum very short, 



wider than the mesonotum and a little wider than the head. 



Head transverse, the temples narrow; ocelli wanting ; scutellum 

 present ; abdomen spotted with white, the first segment 

 narrowed into a slight petiole at base, but broad at apex and 

 sessile with the second. (Asia, 



Africa ) Spilomutilla, Ashm., gen. nov. 



(Type Mutilla perfecta, Radoszk.) 



6. Thorax oblong, but compressed medially at the sides ; head large, 



quadrate, the temples usually very broad, not oblique ; ocelli 

 distinct ; scutellum indistinctly differentiated. 



(Africa.) Viereckia, Ashm., gen. nov, 



(Type Mutilla dumbrodia, Pering.) 

 Thorax oblong, as wide behind as before, or nearly, and only slightly 

 compressed at the sides medially ; head .obtrapezoidal, the temples 

 oblique; ocelli subobsolete ; scutellum entirely absent. 



(Africa.) Apteromutilla, Ashm., gen. nov. 



(Type Mutilla aeda, Pe'ring.) 



7. Head large, quadrate, usually much broader than the thorax, the 



thorax oblong quadrate, the sides parallel, or nearly, the front 

 angles acute ; mandibles 3-dentate. 



Head armed with a large tooth on each side beneath, the upper 

 hind angles acute ; scutellum present ; clypeus bidentate ; 

 eyes oval, placed anteriorly rather close to the mandibles. 



(North America.) Myrmilloides, Andre. 



(Type Mutilla grandiceps^ Blake.) 

 Head unarmed, the upper hind angles not acute ; scutellum 

 present ; clypeus not bidentate. (Europe, Africa, 



Asia.) Myrniilla, Wesmael. 



(Type Mutilla distincta, Lepel.) 



8. Front wings with only two cubital cells 9. 



Front wings with three cubital cells, or the third partially formed, 



never entirely absent ...,..., ,...,....,,,,..., H, 




THE CA.NAD1A.N ENTOMOLOGIST. 325 



9. Not entirely black, the thorax red ; head transverse, rounded behind, 



the hind angles not acute 10. 



Entirely black. 



Head transverse-quadrate, the hind angles acute ; mandibles 



bidentate Pseudomethoca, Ash mead. 



(Type Mutilla Canadensis, Blake.) 

 Head transverse, rounded behind, the hind angles not 



acute Dimorphomutilla, Ashm., gen. nov. 



(Type Mutilla lunulata, Spinola.) 

 10. Head transverse, wider than the thorax ; mandibles not long ; 



bidentate at apex. (Europe, Africa.) Myrmilla, Wesmael. 



Head transverse-quadrate, wider than the thorax ; mandibles long, 

 narrow, arcuate, tridentate at apex. (Africa.) . . Labidomilla, Andre'. 



(Type Mutilla tauriceps. Kohl.) 



ir. Mesonotum with furrows ; hind tibife spinous on outer face 12. 



Mesonotum without furrows ; hind tibife not spinous on outer face. 

 Not entirely black, the thorax red ; front wings with two recurrent 

 nervures ; antennal joints 3 and 4 more than twice longer than 



thick. (Europe.) Myrmilla, Wesmael. 



Entirely black ; front wings with only one recurrent nervure ; 

 antennal joints 3 and 4 hardly longer than 

 thick (?) Dimorphomutilla, Ashm. (partim.) 



12. Mandibles 3-dentate. 



First and second joint of the flagellum not short, fully twice as long 



as thick. (South America.). Euspinolia, Ashm., g. nov. 



(Type Mutilla chilensis, Spinola.) 

 First and second joints of the flagellum short, the first distinctly 



shorter than the second. (Africa.) Dasylabroides, Andre. 



(Type Mutilla capensis, Sauss.) 



13. Antennae simple, never flabellate 14. 



Antennae abnormal, flabellate. 



Thorax with distinct parapsidal furrows ; the scutellum with a deep 

 furrov/ across the base ; front wings with three cubital cells. 



(Africa.) Psammotherma, Latreille. 



(Type Mutilla flabellata, Fabr.) 



14. Front wings with three cubital cells, or the third at least partially 



formed 15. 




326 tHE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



Front wings wiih only two cubital cells, the third entirely 

 obliterated 24. 



15. Scutellum abnormal, conically or triangularly elevated, especially 



medially at apex ...16. 



Scutellum normal, not conically or triangularly elevated 17, 



16. Mesonotum with distinct furrows ; mandibles excised beneath, 



bidentate at apex : abdomen with the first ventral segment carinate 

 medially, the hypopygium margined laterally, emarginate at apex. 



(Africa.) Trogaspidia, Ashmead. 



(Type Mutilla medon. Smith.) 



17. Mesonotum with distinct parapsidal furrows, or the furrows indicated 



posteriorly 18. 



Mesonotum without parapsidal farrows 23. 



18. Mandibles beneath, before the middle, excised or sinuaied, and 



usually with a process or tooth before the incision 19. 



Mandibles beneath simple, not excised or sinuated, and never with a 

 process or tooth beneath 21. 



1 9. Mandibles bidentate 20. 



Mandibles tridentate. 



Submedian cell longer than the median, the second cubital cell 

 more or less triangular, the third large, hexagonal ; first joint of 

 the flagellum shorter than the second. (Europe, Africa, 



Asia.) Mutilla, Linne'. 



(Type M. europaea, Linne'.) 



20. Submedian cell longer than the median, rarely equal, the marginal cell 



about twice as long as wide ; first joint of the flagellum about as 

 long as the second ; hind tibise spinous and also with long hairs. 



(North and South America.) , TimuUa, Ashmead. 



(Type Mutilla dubitata. Smith.) 

 Submedian and median cells equal, the marginal cell not .much longer 

 than wide ; first joint of the flagellum distinctly shorter than the 

 second ; hind tibiae not spinous, but with long hairs. 



(Europe.) . Smicromyrme, Thomson. 



(Type Mutilla rufipes, Latr.) 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 327 



2 1. Mandibles tridentate 22. 



Mandibles bidentate. 



Submedian cell longer than the median; disc of clypeus subconvex; 

 first joint of the flagellum a little shorter than the second ; 



second ventral segment normal. (Europe.) Ronisia, Costa. 



(Type Mutilla brutia, Pet.) 



22. Second ventral segment carinate, and sometimes dentate posteriorly 



(Africa.) Barymutilla, Andre. 



(Type Mutilla pythia, Smith.) 



23. Submedian cell longer than the median, the third cubital cell 



pentagonal. (Africa.) (?) Dolichomutilla, Ashmead. 



24. Scutellum and metathorax normal, unarmed 25. 



Scutellum and metathorax abnormal, armed with teeth 27. 



25. Thorax with the front margin slightly arcuate, the angles not acute ; 



front wings with t7V0 recurrent nervures 26, 



Thorax with the frontal margin slightly concave, the angles acute; 

 front wings with one recurrent nervure. 



Head transverse, not as wide as the thorax ; mesonotum with 

 distinct furrows : median and submedian cells of an equal 

 length ; abdomen with a white band. 



(Asia.) Radoszkowskius, Ashm., gen. nov. 



(Type Mutilla simplicifascia, Radoszk.) 



26. Head subquadrate, with two tubercles between the antennae, the 



temples broad; recurrent nervures converging and entering the 

 second cubital cell close together. 



(Africa.) Blakeius, Ashm., gen. nov. 



(Type Mutilla bituberculata, Smith.) 



Head transverse, ivithout tubercles between the antennte, the temples 



not broad ; recurrent nervures not converging, widely separated. 



(Africa.) Mimecomutilla, Ashm., gen. nov. 



(Type Mutilla purpurata, Smith.) 



27. Scutellum transverse-quadrate, tridentate posteriorly; second ventral 



segment armed with a tooth. (Africa.) . Peringueya, Ashm., gen. nov. 



(Type Mutilla erynnis, Pering. 

 Scutellum large, flat, bidentate posteriorly, a tooth at each hind angle 

 that curves inwardly ; second ventral segment normal, unarmed 



(Africa.) Odontomutilla, Ashmead. 



(Type Mutilla Saussurei, Sechel.) 




328 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



28. Thorax quadrangular, not much narrowed posteriorly, the sides 



parallel or nearly, sometimes laterally slightly sinuate or compressed 



medially, rarely obtrapezoidal 29. 



Thorax quite differently shaped, most frequently obpyriform, obovoid, 

 violin-shaped or otherwise, usually narrowed posteriorly or much 

 contracted at the sides 39. 



29. Pygidium not perfectly smooth, usually striate^ rugulose, coriaceous 



or punctate, and with a pygidial area, i.e. with an elevated rim at 



the sides 30. 



Pygidium usually smooth, without a distinct pygidial area, or the 

 elevated rim is wanting or exceeding delicate 44. 



30. Thorax with the front angles rounded, 7iot acute •31. 



Thorax with the front angles acute ZZ- 



31. Lateral margins of the thorax and the upper margin of the 



metathoracic truncature dentate or denticulate 32. 



Lateral margins of the thorax and the upper margin of the meta- 

 thoracic truncature usually simple, not dentate at the most, and 

 rarely with only the upper margin of the truncature dentate .... 34. 



32. Thorax with sides parallel or nearly; head subquadrate, without 



tubercles between the antennae ; mandibles simple, unarmed ; first 

 joint of the flagellum obconical, about twice as long as thick, the 



second joint transverse. (Africa) (?) Trogaspidia, Ashmead. 



Thorax with side slightly compressed medially ; head large, quadrate, 

 with two tubercles between the antennae ; mandibles very long, 

 tridentate (two widely-separated teeth within on inner margin) ; 

 first joint of the flagellum very long, longer than 2 and 3 united. 



(South America.) Euspinolia, Ashm., gen. nov. 



(Type Mutilla chilensis, Spin.) 



33. Head quadrate, a litde wider than the thorax, with two triangular 



tubercles between the antennae (Africa.) . Blakeius, Ashm., gen. nov. 



(Type Mutilla bituberculata. Smith.) 



Head transverse, not wider than the thorax, without tubercles 



between the antennae. (Asia.) . . Radoszkowskius, Ashm., gen. nov. 



(Type Mutilla simplicifascia, Radoszk.) 



34. Upper margin of the metathoracic truncature armed with three or 



more teeth 3.S • 



Upper margin of the metathoracic truncature normal, unarmed. . .36. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 329 



35. Thorax not twice as long as wide, the upper margin of the triincature 



armed with 3 to 5 teeth ; head large, quadrate, the temples very 



broad. (Africa.) Peringueya, Ashm., gen. nov. 



(Type Mutilla euterpe, Pe'ring.) 

 Thorax a little more than twice longer than wide, the upper margin of 

 the truncature armed with about 8 teeth ; head subquadrate, the 

 temples not especially broad. 



(Africa.) Pristomutilla, Ashm., gen. nov. 



(Type Mutilla pectinata, Radoszk.) 



36. Mandibles at apex not tridentate 37. 



Mandibles at apex tridentate, the outer tooth the longest. (Europe, 



Africa, Asia.) Mutilla, Linne. 



37. Mandibles not emarginate beneath towards base, without a process 



or projection 38. 



Mandibles emarginate beneath towards base, with a process or 

 projection before the emargination. (Europe.). . . . Ronisia, Costa. 



(Type Mutilla brutia, Pet.) 



38. Head subquadrate or transverse, not or scarcely wider than the 



thorax. 



Mandibles bidentate ; third joint of the antenna not longer than 

 the fourth, shorter than the fifth, or no longer. 



(Europe.) Smicromyrme, Thomson. 



Mandibles acuminate, edentate, rarely with a slight tooth within 

 before apex; third joint of the antennas longer than the fourth, 

 usually as long as joints 4 and 5 united. (North and South 



America.) Timulla, Ashmead. 



Head large, quadrate, wider than the thorax, the temples broad ; 

 thorax more than twice longer than wide ; abdomen with two white 

 dorsal spots on second segment. (Africa.). . . Viereekia, Ashmead. 



39. Thorax not escutcheon-shaped 40. 



Thorax somewhat escutcheon-shaped, sinuately emarginated or 



contracted from about the apical one-fourth, the posterior margin 

 and angles rounded ; head transverse, as wide as the thorax ; eyes 

 oval. (Africa.) Miniecomutilla, Ashm. 



40. Thorax quite differently shaped, without a lateral tooth at the apical 



third 41- 



Thorax sinuate and slightly narrowed posteriorly from a lateral tooth 

 9,t the apical third, 




330 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



Mandibles simple, edentate ; third joint of the antennee obconical, 

 hardly longer than thick at apex. 

 (Africa.) Odontomutilla, Ashmead. 



41. Thorax not hexagonal, usually obpyriform, obovoid, obtrapezoidal or 



violin-shaped 42. 



Thorax distinctly hexagonal, widest at the angles a little before the 

 middle, squarely truncate anteriorly. 



Head quadrate, the temples broad ; eyes oblong-oval. 



(Africa.) Xenomutilla, Ashm., gen. nov. 



(Type Mutilla eurydice, Pering.) 



42. Thorax not much elongate, less than thrice as long as wide 43. 



Thorax much elongate, obpyriform, at least thrice as long as wide, or 



even longer ; pygidium towards apex usually smooth, shining, the 



pygidial area nearly obliterated. 



Thorax more than thrice as long as wide, coarsely pitted or 

 rugose, the front margin rounded, the lateral margin with a 

 triangular tooth before the middle ; second ventral segment 

 with a median tooth ; head subquadrate, hardly as wide as the 

 thorax, rounded beh'nd, the temples broad; mandibles 

 acuminate at apex, but with a tooth within near the middle, 

 usually not visible when the mandibles are closed. 



(Africa.) Dolichomutilla, Ashmead. 



Thorax about thrice as long as wide, but not coarsely sculptured, 

 the front margin squarely truncate, the lateral margins without a 

 tooth ; second ventral segment unarmed ; head transverse, 

 not wider than the thorax, the temples narrow ; mandibles 



acuminate, edentate. (Asia.) Promecilla, Andre. 



(Type Mutilla regia. Smith.) 



43. Thorax obpyriform, obovoid or subtrapezoidal, narrowed posteriorly. 



Thorax subtrapezoidal ; head subquadrate, rounded behind, the 

 temples broad; eyes small, oval ; mandibles arcuate, acuminate. 



(Africa.) Brachymutilla, Andre. 



Thorax obovoid or obpyriform. 



Head quadrate, the temples broad ; eyes ellipsoidal ; mandibles 

 conically-pointed ; third antennal joint longer than the fourth, 

 but not twice as long as thick. (North 

 America.) Morsyma, Fox. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 3^1 



Head subglobose ; eyes not small, oval or ovate ; mandibles 

 stout, conically-pointed ; third antennal joint fully twice as 

 long as thick, obconicol, longer than the fourth. (Europe, 



Africa.) Dasylabroides, Andre. 



(Type Mutilla caffree, Smith.) 



44. Thorax more or less contracted at the sides, almost violin-shaped or 



obtrapezoidal ; if somewhat quadangular the sides sinuated . . . .45. 

 Thorax quadangular or nearly, trapezoidal or obpyriform 46. 



45. Thorax, seen from above, almost violin-shaped. 



Head large, quadrate, wider than the thorax, the upper hind angles 

 acute, beneath armed with a tooth on each side ; mandibles 

 usually bidentate, rarely simple, the outer tooth the longer. 



(North America.) Pseudomethoca, Ashmead. 



Head transverse, usually wider than the thorax, but with the hind 

 angles rounded and beneath unarmed ; mandibles with a tooth 

 within before apex. (South 



America.) Dimorphomutilla, Ashmead, gen. nov. 



(Type Mutilla lunulata. Spin.) 



Thorax, seen from above, almost quadangular, with the sides 



bisinuate or crenulate ; head transverse, a little wider than the 



thorax, the cheeks unarmed; eyes ellipsoidal; mandibles bidentate. 



(Africa.) Barymutilla, Andre. 



(Type Mutilla pythia. Smith.) 



46. Thorax not trapezoidal 47. 



Thorax trapezoidal, slightly narrowed antei-iorly. 



No median longitudinal carina on thorax, the lateral margins finely 

 denticulate ; head large, nearly (juadrate, wider than the thorax ; 

 eyes oval ; hind tibiaj spinous ; scape long, somewhat curved ; 

 first joint of the flagellum very long, three or more times longer 

 than the second ; tarsi long and slender ; mandibles large, 

 falcate. (Africa.) Labidomilla, Andre. 



A feeble median longitudinal carina on thorax, the lateral margins 

 not acute, the hind angles acute ; head oblong, longer than 

 wide ; eyes oval ; middle and hind tibife smooth, not spinous. 



(Europe, Asia, Africa.) Nanomutilla, Andre. 



(Type Mutilla voucheri, Turn.) 



47. Thorax quadrangular or nearly, the sides parallel or nearly, rarely 



qauch compressed or sinuate at sides medially , ^8. 




332 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



Thorax obpyriform or much narrowed posteriorly 52. 



48. Thorax quadrangular or nearly 49, 



Thorax about twice as long as wide, the sides more or less com- 

 pressed or sinuate medially. 



Head not wider than the thorax ; abdomen ovate, subsessile, the 

 second segment large, with two white spots. 

 (Africa.) Apteromutilla, Ashmead. 



50. Head somewhat large, but without a tooth on each side beneath, the 



hind angles rounded, not acute ; eyes oval or oblong ; antennal 



scape not specially long 51. 



Head large, with a tooth on each side beneath, the hind angles acute ; 

 eyes oval ; antennae rather widely separated, the scape long, the 

 third joint very long ; mandibles long, narrow, arcuate and 

 bidentate at apex. (North America.) Myrmilloides, Andre. 



51. Mandibles 3-dentate ; third antennal joint only about twice as long 



as the fourth, or as long as joints 4 and 5 united. (Europe, Africa, 



Asia.) Myrmilla, Wesmael, 



Mandibles acuminate at apex, with a tooth within before apex, never 

 tridentate ; third antennal joint more than twice longer than the 



fourth. (Europe, Africa.) Edrionotus, Radoszkowski. 



(Type Mutilla capitata, Lucas.) 



52. Head not wider than the thorax, strongly concave beneath, the 



margins rimmed ; second abdominal segment anteriorly depressed, 

 the depression limited by an oblong cushion. 



(Asia.) Platymutilla, Andre. 



(Type P. quinquefasciata, Andre.) 



A NEW JOINT- WORM PARASITE FROM RUSSIA. 



BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD, M.A., D.SC, WASHINGTON, D. C. 



Homoponis Vassiliefi^ sp. nov. — 9 — Length, 2 mm. Head and 

 thorax blui.sh, finely, closely punctured, the face and the pleura with a 

 greenish metallic lustre, the metapleura decidedly brassy; antenna? brown, 

 the scape yellow ; legs concolorous with the thorax, the hind coxae with a 

 metallic greenish fringe, the apices of all femora, all tibiae and tarsi, except 

 the last joint, yellow, the last joint dark fuscous ; wings hyaline, the 

 nervures brown, the stigmal vein two-thirds the length of the marginal, the 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. o3 



c> 



postmargiDai vciu very nearly as long as the marginal ; abdomen aeneous 

 black, tinged with metallic green basally at the sides, ovate, somewhat 

 pointed at apex^ very little longer than the thorax. 



Type.— Cat. No. loio, U. S. N. M. 



Host. — Hym.: Isosoma eremitum, Portschinsky. 



Hab. — Oufa, Russia. Described from a single specimen, received 

 from Mr. Ivan Vassilief, of St. Petersburg. 



Two of the Russian joint-worms described by Portschinsky, namely, 

 Isosoma apteruin and T. eremiium, should be relegated to the genus 

 Pkilachyra, Haliday. 



CONCERNING GASTROPHILUS EPILEPSALIS, FRENCH. 

 Mr. Washburn's note in the November number (p. 320) induces me 

 to state that Gastrophilus epi/epsalis, French, is no Gastrophilus at all ; 

 in fact, not the larva of an Qistrid. The figure shows that it is a Muscid 

 larva, very probably of Ca/Iiphora, certainly so if the figure is correct. 

 The species cannot be identified until more of these forms are reared. 

 French's figure indicates that it is very close to the European C. voviitoria 

 as figured by Piepers. There is no definite character known to identify 

 CEstrid larvae, but the larvte of some Muscida^ can be separated from the 

 QsstridcC. The larvae of Calliphora differ somewhat in the structure of 

 the mouth from any known CEstrid larvfe. That Prof Washburn had a 

 Gastrophilus is quite possible from the habits ; but it is not the G. 

 epilepsalis, French. - Nathan Banks. 



CORRESPONDENCE. 



Sir, — Please insert the following addition to my paper on Isodontia, 

 published in the Canadian Entomologist for October, 1903 (p 271): 



Isodontia macrocephala, var. cineiea. Described from four specimens 

 taken at Enterprise, Fla.; Columbia, S.C.; Texas, and one without locality. 

 These cotypes are in the collections of the U. S. National Museum, 

 American Entomological Society, Mass. Agricultural College, and Dr. W. 

 H. Ashmead, the collections from which I received them. 



H. T. Fernald. 




334 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 



SOME NEBRASKA BEES. 



BY J. C. CRAWFORD, JR., WEST POINT, NEBR. 



Melissodes brevicorjiis, Cress.— Lincoln, Aug. 12-27, on Teucrhim 

 Canademc. The $ differs from the $ only in having the face-parts 

 black, pubescence on face lighter, segments 2 to 4 only banded ; the 

 scopa is yellowish. The $ ^ taken all had the tibiae and tarsi entirely 

 fulvous. 



Noinada grindelUe, Ckll. — V • Head and thorax black, shiny, very 

 sparsely punctured ; abdomen red, very sparsely and finely punctured ; 

 face covered with decumbent, silvery-white pubescence ; mandibles and 

 labrum apically ferruginous ; antennie ferruginous beneath ; mesothorax 

 almost impunctate medially ; scutellum sub-bilobate ; pleura of mesothorax 

 swollen, whole thorax with white pubescence, especially pleura and 

 metathorax ; form more robust than in $ . Length 7 mm. 



^ . — The posterior femora have a small tooth beneath, toward base. 



Common at Lincoln in August ; taken on Soil dago Missouriensis. 

 Gj'indelia squarrosa ; Euphorbia and Lactuca. 



Mr. Pierce informs me that it is probably a parasite of Halictus 

 Hgatus, Say. 



Steiis lateralis. Cress — West Point, June 10, '01. Taken at the 

 holes of Alcidamea simplex in rose bushes. 



Ncopasitcs IHinoieiisis^ Robt. — Lincoln and West Point, Sept. 4 to 

 I r, on Sol id ago rigida and Grindelia squarrosa. 



N. heliopsis, Robt. — West Point and Lincoln, Aug. 30 to Sept. 11, 

 on Aster, S. rigida ar.d G. squarrosa. 



Ilalictoides marginatus, Cress. — Common at Lincoln and West 

 Point in August and September ; found on Grindelia, Ilelianthus, 

 Sol/dago, Teucriuin, Bideus. 



H. maurus, Cress. — Sioux Co., June, on Campanula. Mr. Viereck, to 

 whom this was sent for comparison with Mr. Cresson's types, informs me 

 that the types are all males, and not females, as stated in the original 

 description. 



Perdita iiiaura, Ckll. — Many specimens from both Lincoln and 

 West Point, but all on Physalis. Dr. Graenicher writes that he has 

 found it burrowing in loamy soil at Milwaukee, Wis., and regards it as an 

 oligotropic visitor of Physalis. Prof Cockerell writes that it may 

 possibly be found on Aster growing in the vicinity of Physalis, and no 

 doubt this was the case in the type material. 




THE CANADUN ENTOMOLOGIST, o35 



The abdominal segments 2 and 3 or 2-4 have a small white spot on 

 each side. 



P. zebraia, Cress. — Scott's Bluffs, Aug. 14, 1901, on Cleome. New 

 to Nebraska. 



Pamirginus Piercei, n. sp. — c^ . Black, head closely and rather 

 coarsely punctured above antennpe, sparsely so below ; scape of antennae 

 black, coarsely punctured in front ; flagellum dark ; clypeus, labrum, base 

 of mandibles, lateral face-marks nearly as high as insertion of antennge 

 and broad above, dog's-ear marks, supra-clypeal area, all tarsi, anterior 

 tibiae in front, spot at apex of femora in front, base and apex of all tibiae, 

 yellow ; pubescence of head and thorax rufo-ochraceous, dense on thorax ; 

 thorax rather coarsely and sparsely punctured ; wings dusky, more so at 

 apex ; nervures and stigma dark ; tegulse testacous ; metathorax 

 roughened, the base irregularly rugose ; base of first abdominal segment 

 impunctate, the disc punctured ; all the other segments densely and 

 strongly punctured, apical margins broadly depressed, shiny and 

 transversely lineolate ; depressed margins at sides and apical segments all 

 over with thin whitish hairs ; margin of clypeus and of process of labrum 

 black ; clypeus with a median impunctate area, in the middle of which is 

 a longitudinal depressed line not quite reaching apex of clypeus. 



Length 8 mm. 



9 . — Similar, form broader, punctuation finer ; yellow confined to 

 spots on four anterior knees ; clypeus without impunctate area and 

 depressed line ; process of labrum trapezoidal, base much wider than 

 apex, slightly emarginate ; wings almost hyaline, nervures testaceous, but 

 stigma dark; first abdominal segment impunctate, lineolation plainer than 

 in the ^ ; narrow apical margins of segments testaceous ; segments not so 

 plainly depressed ; fimbria and scopa whitish. 



Length 8-9 mm. 



A pair from nest, Lincoln, Nebr., Sept. 7, 1903 (W. D. Pierce, coll.); 

 also six other 9 9 (not from nests); a <$ West Point, Nebr., Sept. 12, 

 1903, on Bidens (Crawford, coll.). 



Dedicated to Mr. Pierce, who first found the species, in recognition 

 of his work on the habits and parasites of bees. 



Differs from P. rudbeckice in its larger size, dark tubercles, presence 

 of dog's-ear marks, clypeus $. with depressed median line, instead of " a 

 broad median depression, which is impunctate or nearly so." 



Pamirginus Nebrascensis, n. s^. — ^ c^ . Black shining labrum, base 

 of mandibles, clypeus, lateral face-marks as high as insertion of antennae, 




336 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



supra-clypeal and dog's-ear marks, a line in front of scape of aaicnnt«, spot 

 on tubercles, knees, front tibice except black line on rear, base and apex 

 of intermediate and rear tibiae, and all tarsi, lemon-yellow ; face with 

 sparse large punctures as high as antenna, above this closely and more 

 finely punctured ; vertex and head behind eyes with sparse, large and deep 

 punctures ; pubescence of head and thorax sparse, whitish ; mesothorax 

 with rather large but not close punctures ; scutelluni with coarse 

 punctures ; postscutellum closely and more finely punctured ; base of 

 metathorax enclosed, longitudinally striate ; truncation and sides dull 

 from fine, close punctures ; sides of mesothorax shiny, and with coarser 

 and sparser punctures ; tegulae testaceous ; wings dusky, darker apically ; 

 base of abdominal segment smooth, beyond with rather close punctures ; 

 apices of segments depressed and transversely striatulate ; segments 

 beyond first closely and finely punctured, abdominal segments clothed 

 with very short yeliowish pubescence, visible only in certain lights. 



^ . — Similar, but lacking yellow marks of male ; mesothorax more 

 finely and sparsely punctured; punctures of truncation of metathorax of 

 pleura finer ; first abdominal segment almost impunctate ; abdomen 

 lacking the pubescence of $ ; anal fringe reddish ; scopa whitish. 



Lincoln and West Point, Nebr.: on Solidago rigida and 6". 

 AIissourie?isis, and also GriJidelia sqtiarrosa. Aug. 24 to Sept. 11. 

 20 (^ 's, 8 ^ 's. Sexes in copula. 



Andrena Alicice, Robt. — A single specimen on Bidens chrysanthetn- 

 oides, Sept 19, 1903, at West Point. New to Nebr. 



Our other fall And}-enas?i\Q pulchella, /ic/iant/ii, solidjginis, nubecula 

 and two a[)parently undescribed species. 



Sphecodogastra Texana, Cress. — Lincoln, Sept.; on Grindelia ; West 

 Point, Oct. 



Halidus aberrans, n. sp. — 9 • Black, shiny, with thin pubescence ; 

 head finely and closely punctured ; thorax rather sparsely and finely 

 punctured ; clypeus sparsely punctured ; antennte dark ; tegula; black, 

 externally honey coloured ; wings slightly milky and nervures honey 

 colour ; legs black, with a very thin loose scopa of silvery-white hairs ; 

 base of metathorax finely irregularly wrinkled ; abdomen very shiny, finely 

 and sparsely punctured, punctures more dense toward bases of segments, 

 margins of segments light testaceous, and with bands of white hair on 

 segments one to four. 



Length about 9 mm. 



Three specimens: Sioux Co., Nebr., June 3, on Syinphoricarpos ; 

 Crawford, Nebr., July 28, on Cleome ; Manitou, Colo. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 337 



A NEW GENUS OF BEES. 



BY J. C. CRAWFORD, JR., WEST POINT, NEBR. 



ProtciJidrenopsis, new genus. — Labial palpi four-jointed, r about 

 twice as long as 2-4 together, 2-4 slightly decreasing in length; maxillary 

 palpi 6-jointed, i and 2 subequal, longer than any of the following joints ; 

 3, 5 and 6 subequal, 4 slightly longer ; tongue long, lanceolate ; 

 mandibles simple ; labrum transverse, process of Jabrum large, almost 

 covering labrum ; foveas present, small ; stigma large, well developed, 

 nearly two-thirds the length of the obliquely truncate, subappendiculate 

 marginal cell, which is about as long as the two submarginals together ; 

 second submarginal fully one-third longer than the first, receiving the first 

 recurrent nervure about one-third from base and the second near apex ; 

 median cell along the median nervure, a little longer than the submedian, 

 the transverse median nervure joining the median just before the origin 

 of the basal nervure ; scopa on posterior tibiae, first joint of tarsi and on 

 venter. 



Type, the following species : 



Protandrenopsis fuscipennis, n. sp. 5 . — Black, somewhat shining, 

 almost entirely nude, the pubescence being confined to the golden- 

 yellowish anal fringe and scopa on legs, a little inconspicuous pubescence 

 around insertion of antennfe and on vertex, a line on prothorax passing 

 around behind tubercles, some yellowish pubescence on rear of head, on 

 under side of insect and a io-stf plumose hairs at extreme side of abdominal 

 segments ; all pubescence inconspicuous and not showing from above, 

 except fimbria and scopa ; head closely and rather coarsely punctured, 

 more coarsely so on sides of face ; process of labrum very large, concave, 

 the anterior margin bent upwards, process smooth and shining, basally a 

 little roughened and with a median ridge, apically subemarginate ; rest of 

 labrum covered with yellowish pubescence ; foveae narrow, short, deep, 

 the lower end nearer eye than the upper; mandibles black, obscurely 

 reddish medially ; mesothorax coarsely and rather sparsely punctate, the 

 pleura confluently so ; sides of metathorax finely roughened, the 

 truncation closely and finely punctate, becoming sparse and coarse at 

 top, laterally ; base of metathorax narrow, rounded behind and bounded 

 by a carina ; behind this an impunctate space ; enclosed base with 

 coarse, quite regular rugae, almost what is called a transverse row of 

 shallow pits in the genus Colletes ; wings very deeply infuscated ; 

 jiervures and stigma blackish ; tegula; black anteriorly, dark testaceous 




n 



38 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



posteriorly ; legs black, anierior coxa; each with a Io?ig pubescent spine on 

 the inside behind trochanters, anterior and middle knees with a yellow 

 spot, their femora thickened and keel-shaped beneath ; inner spur of hind 

 tibiae finely serrate ; scopa golden-yellowish, more reddish on tarsi, first 

 joint of hind tarsi produced to a free apex reaching tip of second joint ; 

 abdomen coarsely and rather closely punctate, the apical margins of 

 segments 1-4 broadly depressed, shining, somewhat lineolate ; at sides of 

 segment 2 a small, oval, depressed spot ; the part of the segment covered 

 by the preceding segment is finely lineolate and the posterior margin 

 finely punctured ; this covered portion produced at each side of segments 

 2-4 as a finely-punctured triangle with the apex jiosterior ; venter black, 

 apical half of segments closely punctured, scopa yellowish. 



Length ro mm. 



Two specimens collected by the author at West Point, Nebr., Sept. 

 18 and 20, 1903, on Bidens chrysanthemoides. 

 ^ unknown. 



The intense black colour, unrelieved by any pubescence, and the 

 very dark wings, make this a conspicuous insect. Viewed from above, it 

 is all black except the fimbria and scopa on legs. 



The generic name is given on account of the similarity to Protandrena 

 in venation, in facial characters and general characteristics. It has a very 

 different tongue, however. 



In Ashmead's table this would run to Pamirgidce to number 6, but 

 differs from either division under that in having the second submarginal 

 much longer than the first. It is, I consider, a long-tongued Andrenid 

 with but two submarginals, more closely related to Protandrena than any 

 other genus, but the tongue about as in /'(;;/7/;-^v';/«^, which genus, it is inter- 

 esting to note, has similar foveas, and a large species of which would look 

 very similar to Protandrenopsis 9 • From the yellow knees oi fuscipennis 

 9 I should imagine that the ^ has more or less yellow on the face. 



Dr. L. O. Howard, Chief Entomologist of the Department of 

 Agriculture, Washington, delivered at Toronto, on Saturday, November 

 7th, a lecture on "Some International Work with Insects." It was given 

 under the auspices of the Canadian Institute, in the new medical building 

 of the Toronto University, and was the first of a series provided for by a 

 gift from Sir Smdford Fleming. The lectiue attracted much attention, 

 and long reports of it were given in the Toronto daily papers on the 

 Monday following. 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 339 



MISCELLANEOUS ENTOMOLOGICAL NOTES. 



BY H. H. LYMAN, MONTREAL. 



There must be many facts known to entomologists which, though 

 not sufficiently important to work up into an article for the entomological 

 magazines, are still of much interest, and worthy of publication, and I 

 would like to suggest that a page or part of a page at the end of each 

 number of the " Canadian Entomologist" be set aside for this purpose, 

 and that correspondents be invited to send brief notes of rare captures or 

 other interesting items.* 



Nemeophila Scudderi, Pack. 



In July, 1890, when at Nepigon, I obtained eggs of this species, 



which had been described by the late Henry Edwards under the name 



Selwyuii,\ and carried the larvae through to imago, and in Can. Ent., 



XXV., 248, published a paper on the preparatory stages of this species. 



On account of my rapid travelling across the continent and back again to 



Montreal, and being much occupied in collecting Lepidoptera and plants, 



sight-seeing and photographing, I was not able to give these larvse very 



close attention, and was afraid that I had missed some of the moults, but 



as Dr. Fletcher expressed the opinion that if I had descriptions of four 



moults, that was probably all there were, I ventured to publish my notes ; 



but in 1895 Dr. Fletcher kindly sent me a moth and 12 eggs of the form 



found at Olds, N.-W. T. These I failed to carry to imago, but carried 



two past 7th moult, and so found that my previous observations had been 



inadequate. In 1902 I was again indebted to Dr. Fletcher for eggs from 



Banff, and carried seven to imago, getting some nice variations, but as I 



was exceedingly busy, and knew that Dr. Fletcher and Mr. Gibson were 



also rearing the species, I did not take any further notes. 



Egg of Albuna Torva, Hy. Edw. 



A female of this species having been captured on a flower by one of 

 those present at the excursion of the Montreal Branch of the Ent. Soc. 

 Ont., to St. Adele, Q., on 6th June, 1896, the writer secured it and 

 obtained about 55 eggs, which were laid loose and all at once. 



Length, .875 mm.; width, .625 mm. 



Rather almond shaped, or somewhat like a hen's egg, except that the 

 transverse section would be oval. Perfectly smooth and shining. Light 



*The Editor will always be pleased to receive notes of this kind for publication. 

 tia Dyar's Citalogue this na^ne is erroneously credited to Neumoegen, 




340 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



brown in colour. On 14th June, eight days after being laid, they 

 appeared to be shrivelling as though infertile. They, however, hatched 

 on 20th June. Egg period 14 days. 

 Egg and Young Larva of Hepialus Argenteomaculatus, Harris. 



Laid on 15th July, 1896. Length, .75 mm.; width, .58 mm. 



Rather even ovai. Smooth, under a 2^-inch objective seen to be 

 very slightly roughened. 



White when laid, soon turning black. 



Hatched about 7th August. Egg period about 23 days. 



Length, 1.75 mm. Head rather large, it and the plate on first 

 thoracic segment dark brown. Body slender, creamy white, with simple 

 set.ie as long as or longer than the diameter of the body. 



Papilio Brevicauda, Saunders. 



At the annual meeting in 1898, Mr. Winn read a paper on this 

 species, and Dr. Fyles, in commenting on it, as reported on p. 38 of the 

 29th Annual Report, stated that he had found the larvae hard to please. 

 He did not mention whether he had tried parsley. 



I never had so large a percentage of success with any other species. 

 I received that year, from Mr. D. Brainerd, two eggs out of five which 

 Mr. Winn sent him, which duly hatched, and I carried both larvae 

 through to imago without the least difficulty. I took them with me to 

 the meeting of the A. A. A. S. in Boston, and afterwards to Front's Neck, 

 Me. At Prout's Neck 1 found an umbelliferous plant which they 

 preferred to parsley, though when I returned home I fed them on parsley 

 again. Both imagos are now in my collection. 



Thecla Titus, Fabr. 



A fine female was taken in 1896, probably in August, and confined 

 with wild cherry. Five eggs were laid, three on the leaves near the edge 

 and two on the twig, one on each side of the base of a leaf petiole. 



The egg is round. Sea Urchin shape ; i mm. in diameter. The 

 projections are coarser, and much closer together than shown in Scudder's 

 F)g. II, Plate 65. One was pale yellow, the others considerably tinged 

 with orange. 



In the spring all the eggs were found to be more or less chipped at 

 the micropyle ; one had the whole micropyle bitten out, and the larva 

 could be seen inside the shell, but it was apparently dead, as there was 

 no movement, and none succeeded in getting out. 



I have had the same trouble with the eggs of Lyaena Scudderii*, 



»Can. Ent., XXXIV., 127. 




THE CANADIA.N ENTOMOLOGIST. oil 



and do not know how to account for it, unless it be that these eggs wiih 

 thick shells and heavy sculpture, in which these species pass the winter, 

 require to be softened by the carbonic acid washed down by the rain before 

 the young larva can eat its way out. 



THE AUTHORSHIP OF PSEUD AN ARTA. 



BY THE LATE A. RADCLIFFE GROTE, HILDESHEIM, GERMANY. 



[In our September number, page 257, the late Professor Grote, in his 

 " Corrections and Notes on Dr. Dyar's List of Noctuids," stated : 



" 124. As I have shown in these pages, the citation to Pseudanarta 

 of Hy. Edwards is spurious." At the time he wrote these words he had 

 sent us the following paper, and supposed that it would have been 

 published before these "Corrections" appeared. — Ed. C. E.] 

 The history of the generic term Pseudanarta is as follows : 

 1878. Grote, Bull. U. S. Geo). Surv. 178 : crocea (flava) sole species, 

 and therefore type. 



1882. Grote, New Check List, New York, 27 : flava, var. crocea, 

 singula, flavidens, aurea. The genus is credited without citation to Hy. 

 Edwards, under the mistaken idea, derived from a previous corre- 

 spondence, that this writer had used or described the genus. The name 

 Pseudanarta was originally proposed in letters by Grote for Edwards's 

 Anarta crocea, in which the eyes are naked, the tibife unarmed, and 

 which is, in reality, as originally stated by Grote, allied to Hadena, Led., 

 nee Schrank. 



1889. J. B. Smith, Ent. Amer.. V., 175 : falcata, aurea, flava (crocea), 

 singula, flavidens. The citation to Hy. Edwards is now supplied and 

 reference is made to: " Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. , Vol, 6, p. 133, 1875 " But 

 this page contains the original description of Anarta crocea, and no 

 mention is there made of Pseudanarta. This specific description refers to 

 what is only a probable variety of the previously described Hadena Jlava, 

 Grote. After examination of the communications of Hy. Edwards to the 

 California Academy : "Pacific Coast Lepidoptera, Nos. i to 22" (all 

 published), no mention of Pseudanarta is found in any one of them. This 

 citation by Prof Smith in 1889 justified the subsequent use of Hy. 

 Edwards's name as author in the absence of a verification. The erroneous 

 citation is twice repeated in the Washington Catalogue, p. 148, and must 

 have been made without consulting the text It was probably supplied 

 to support Grote 's incorrect use of Hy. Edwards's name as authority for 

 Pseudanarta in the first instance. 




342 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



NOl'ES ON THE ENrOMOLOGY OK PECOS, NEW MEXICO. 



BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, COLORADO SPRINGS, COLO. 



I . T7V0 bees with jitiexpedcd habits. 



Hal ictus galpiJisice, n. sp. 



Halictns amicus., var. u, Ckll., An. Mag. Nat. Hist., Jan., 1901, p. 

 126. 



A single specimen was collected one evening at Las Vegas, at a 

 flower of Gaura coccinea. I then remarked of it : " Face narrower than 

 type ; possibly a distinct species." It seemed strange that it should be 

 visiting the Ganra, but it did not occur to me that I had a genuinely 

 vespertine bee. On June 22, 1903, at Pecos, I was astonished to see a 

 number of bees busily collecting pollen from the flowers of Galpinsia 

 feudleri (a large yellow evening primrose) after sunset, at 7.30 p. m. I 

 collected some, and found that they were my " Halictns amicus, var. a," 

 which is evidently a distinct species. It is readily known from H. atnicus 

 by the narrower face and more sparsely punctured clypeus. It belongs to 

 Robertson's genus Evylaeiis, and is distinguished from the species in his 

 table by the following combination of characters : Abdomen pruinose 

 with white hair, the thin pubescent fasciae entire ; first segment shining, 

 distinctly but minutely punctured ; hind spur of hind tibia with five teeth, 

 the basal three very long ; enclosure of metathorax minutely caiicellate, 

 semi-lunar, concave, with a raised rim ; stigma large, reddish-honey- 

 colour. The scape is very long ; flagellum dark, faintly brownish beneath 

 at the end. The type specimen is from Pecos. 



Halictns ovaliceps, Ckll., 1898. 



Pecos, N. M., at flowers of Castilleia ititegra, June 23 and 24 (W. 

 P. Cocker ell.) 



This peculiar bee was known only by a single example, taken at 

 Santa Fe. My wife has rediscovered it, and has ascertained that it 

 habitually visits the Castilleia, which has not been considered a bee- 

 flower at all. (Compare Robertson, Trans. St. Louis Acad., 1891, p. 598.) 



2. A neiv Aphid on Lonicira. 



Rliopalosiphum Grabhami, n. sp. 



9 . — Winged form : Spread of wings 8^^ mm., length of body about 



2 mm., of antennie about 2 mm.; measurements in jl : Antennal joints 



(i) 90, (2) 60, (3) 670, (4) 430, (5) 360, (6a) 120, (6b) 650; marginal 



cell about 850 long; radius 3 to branch (radius 1+2) 800^ cauda 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 343 



broad and thick, about 220 long, 330 broad ; nectaries about 350 long, 

 strongly swollen in the middle. Body entirely shining dark olive-brown, 

 without markings ; legs whitish, suffused with gray, apical portion of 

 femora darkened ; antennas pale ; wings hyaline, including veins ; beak 

 short, reaching only about half-way to middle coxse ; frontal tubercles very 

 distinct ; third and fourth antennal joints with very numerous sensoria, 

 over 30 visible in one view on third, 17 in a row on under side, where 

 they are most numerous. 



Pupa with abdomen purplish; immature forms show very minute 

 tubercles on abdomen. 



Larva dark green ; abdomen more or less tuberculate. 



Hab. — -Pecos, N. M., June 7, 1903 (Dr. M. Grabham). On Lonicera 

 involucrata, curling the leaves, the affected parts of which become deep 

 crimson above, the veins white. The first stage of change consists of 

 greenish-yellow spots, which give vvay to crimson. The effect on the 

 plant is very like that of Rhopalosiphum ribis on Ribes. 



A NEW NORTH AMERICAN CATOCALA. 



Professor N. J. Kusnezov, of St. Petersburg, Russia, has recently 

 described a new Catocala from Texas, with four figures. A reprint of the 

 description of the species may be of interest to American collectors, hence 

 I reproduce it below : 



" Catocala orba, Kusnezov. — Expanse of male 48 mm ; size of 

 C. Judit/u Strecker. 



" Antennae of male ciliate, gray, scaled above, with slight tuftings of 

 hair below. (Palpi broken off.) Front densely covered with whitish-gray 

 hairs. Patagia and front parts of tegulse and mesothorax dark brown ; 

 vertex gray ; the rest of tegulte, nota, and crest on metathorax, whitish- 

 gray. Upper part, sides and crests of the abdominal somites dark gray ; 

 anal tuft long, dark gray, lighter below. Thorax on the under side and 

 femora thickly clothed with long, dirty white hairs and scales. (Fore 

 tibise broken off.) Middle and hind tibije and tarsi gray, spotted and 

 ringed with black. First pair of spurs of hind tibiae very long and acute. 



" Fore wings on the upper side pale gray (resembling somewhat the 

 colour of fresh specimens of C. concuinbens, Walker), greatly suffused on 

 costa and at base of wings with white scales ; darker in terminal area. 

 Transverse lines visible, but very indistinct. Basal line fine, angulated ; 




344 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



basal dash absent. T. a. h'ne forms a brown spot on the whitish costa 

 and two dentations below it ; the rest indistinct. Median space with a 

 dark spot in the middle of costa, running into the reniform. T. p. line 

 visible in its upper part alone, beginning with a dark spot on the white 

 costa and forming two subequal dentations, filled inwardly with black ; 

 the rest indistinct. Subreniform absent. Reniform dark gray, edged 

 with pure white. Subterminal waved line distinct, whitish, separated from 

 the t. p. line by a light brownish irregular shade. Marginal lunules very 

 small, almost wanting. Cilia uniformly gray. 



" Hind wings on the upper side black, base covered by brownish- 

 gray hairs. Cilia at apex dirty whitish, the rest dark gray. 



" Ground colour of wings on the under side black ; fasciae very 

 indistinct. 



" Fore wings : base dark grayish-black, basal fascia absent ; post- 

 medial and subapical ones visible, more or less regularly excurved ; 

 between them, at costa, a large pure white spot ; apex triangular, white, 

 suffused with isolated gray scales. Cilia white, with dark streaks from 

 extremities of veins. 



" Hind wings dark grayish-black, a little lighter at base and costa ; 

 median fascia hardly visible, highly excurved at vein 3, thus forming a 

 right-angle. Cilia light gray, with darker median stripe, at apex whitish. 



" Catocaia orba belonged to the black-winged group of the genus, 

 and resembles C. /udith, Strecker, and its variety, miranda, H. Edw., 

 but is not intimately allied to them, I believe." 



Here Prof Kusnezov gives in detail points of difference between 

 C. orba and the two named allied forms, which it does not seem necessary 

 to repeat. I would add that from a casual glance at the figures the 

 upper surface reminds one of C. Robinsonii, though smaller and with a 

 different fringe to hind wings ; and the under side is entirely different. 



G. H. French, Carbondale, 111. 



BOOK NOTICE. 



Record of My Life Work in Entomology, by C. R. Osten Sacken, 

 Cambridge, Mass.: 1903; pp. 204. 



We desire to thank Baron Osten Sacken very heartily for sending; us 

 a copy of his autobiographical memoirs, which we have read with 

 absorbing interest. To us who enjoyed his friendship or acquaintance 

 more than a quarter of a century ago, these reminiscenses of the leading 




THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 345 



Entomologists of our earlier days, including the author himself^ bring back 

 the past very vividly and recall many events that had almost passed into 

 oblivion. 



The Baron divides the record of his life into three periods, each of 

 almost equal length. He was born in St. Petersburg, on the 21st of 

 August, 1S28, and began to take an interest in entomology at the early 

 age of eleven. When twenty-one he entered into the service of the 

 Imperial Foreign Office. During this period he collected all orders of 

 insects except Lepidoptera, and published two papers on Tipulidae, 

 and a pamphlet of 166 pages, in Russian, contained a general survey of 

 the insect fauna of the environs of St. Petersburg. 



The second period of his career embraces the twenty-one years spent 

 in the United States (1856-1877), during which he was Secretary of the 

 Russian Legation, and afterwards Consul General of Russia in New York. 

 In 1871 he resigned his official position and made several visits to 

 Europe ; for the last four years he lived as a private citizen in the United 

 States. This was the period of his greatest scientific activity, and was 

 made memorable by the preparation and publication of his well-known 

 works on North American Diptera, which paved the way for all 

 subsequent students of this order. 



A great part of his time, he tells us, was taken up •' in acting as a 

 purveyor of material for Dr. H. Loew to work upon, and as a translator 

 and editor of his manuscripts," which were published by the Smithsonian 

 Institution. These volumes evidently owe a great deal of their value to 

 Baron Osten Sacken's careful work, without which, indeed, they could 

 never have been fitted for publication. His own earliest work in America 

 was his Catalogue of the described Diptera, which was published by the 

 Smithsonian Institution in 1858, and was the third of its long series of 

 entomological works, which liave been such a priceless boon to all 

 students in this department of national science. Twenty years later, 

 after doing more than any other person to advance the knowledge of 

 North American Diptera by his collections, researches and publications, 

 he concluded his labours on this side of the Atlantic by the issue of a 

 second Catalogue, a critical one, of the order ; this also was published by 

 the same Institution. 



The third period of his life, which, we trust, may not be closed for 

 many years to come, has been spent almost entirely at Heidelberg, in 

 Germany. His first proceeding was to go to Guben, the residence of 




346 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



Loew, now an old and broken-down man, and arrange for the packing and 

 transmittal of the magnificent collection of North American Diptera 

 which had been accumulated there, to the Museum at Cambridge, 

 Massachusetts. It contained the original types of all the species described 

 by Loew, about 1,300 in number, and about 1,600 other species. Most, 



if not all, of these specimens had been sent to Loew by the Baron, with 

 the distinct understanding that they were eventually to be returned to the 

 United States. It may be mentioned that Dr. Loew was well paid for all 

 his services, and that this invaluable collection reached its destination in 

 safety. After accomplishing this task, which, under all the circumstances, 

 was no easy one, the Baron settled down at Heidelberg and continued his 

 studies and researches, extending his field of observation to all parts of 

 the world, and publishing a long series of notable essays and papers as 

 the years went by. 



The present " Record " consists of two parts ; the first contains a 

 brief introductory sketch of the author's life ; the second, which is very 

 much longer, is composed of " twenty-four chapters on historical, 

 biographical, critical and purely entomological subjects connected with 

 his vvork"; the third part, not yet published, will contain a complete list 

 of all his publications. The most interesting feature of the second part, 

 to one who is not a Dipterist, is the author's description of many notable 

 Entomologists with whom he was more or less intimately associated. 

 Chief among these was Dr. H. Loew, with whom he was in constant 

 correspondence for over twenty years, and in whose work he took so large 

 and important a share. This is somewhat painful reading, inasmuch as 

 Loew seems to have been largely affected by selfish motives and jealousy 

 of others, and to have lacked the straightforwardness and candour that 

 might have been looked for in so eminent a man ; at the same time the 

 author closes his account by stating that he is " entitled to a place, not 

 only among the heroes, but also among the martyrs of science." 



The briefer notices of others are very delightful, namely, of Kennicott, 

 Walsh, Bassett, Le Baron and Hagen, among American Entomologists, 

 and of Haliday, VVinnertz, Zeller, Rondani and others of European fame. 

 Portraits are given of Haliday and Loew, and a facsimile of the mar- 

 vellously minute caligraphy of the latter, showing 132 lines of written 

 matter on an ordinary .'^heet of foolsca[) paper 1 



In this " Record of His Life " Baron Osten Sacken has certainly 

 given us a volume of very great interest and also of much historical value. 

 From its pages one learns to apiMCciate more than ever the excellence of 

 the author's scientific work and the unselfish spirit in which he ever 

 devoted himself to it. As he truly says : " The best part of my work is 

 that which has assisted and stimulated the work of others, and I am 

 conscious at the same time that that part of my work is the largest." 



Mailed December 41I1. 1903. 




INDEX TO VOLUME XXXV, 



Acinopterus acuminatus, vtir. bniiiiieus, 



n. var. , 231. 

 Acinopterus acuminatus, \ar. varie- 



gafus, n. var., 231. 

 Acinopterus acuminatus, var. viridis, 



n. var., 231. 

 Acknowledg-ments, 35, 66, loS. 

 Acronycta tartarea, n. sp., 127. 

 ..^gfialites debilis, 125. 

 ./Enigmatias, occurrence in America of 



the Phorid g-enus, 20. 

 ^niginatias Schivnrzii, n. sp., 21. 

 ^Eolothynmts, n. gfen., loi. 

 Ai^lia tau larva, 46, 88. 

 Agrilus mercurius, n. sp., 70. 

 " pinaliciis, n. sp. , 6g. 

 Albuna torva, eg-g- of, 339. 

 Aldrich, J. M., articles by, 20S, 264. 

 Alcttrodes Marlatti, n. sp., 61. 



" spiut'/ern, n. sp., 63. 



Aleurodida;, life-histories of two new 



Oriental, 61. 

 Aleyrodes Packardi, n. sp., 2~, (plate). 

 Aleyrodes, the Strawberry, life-history 



and description, 25 (plate). 

 Aleyrodes vaporariorum, 25. 

 Anarta crocea, 341. 

 Anaphorids, notes on, 76. 

 Andrena albofoveata, n. sp., 166. 



" Aliciic, 336. 



" Cocke relli, n. sp. , 163. 



" Milwaukeoisis, n. sp., 164. 



" ihaspii, n. sp., 162. 



" virbiiriicUa, n. sp., 165. 

 Atidreus, n. gen., 156. 



" Abbot fii, n. sp., 156. 

 Anopheles annulimanus, 208. 

 " Barbcriy n. sp., 310. 



" Sinensis vanus, 84. 



Anopheles, new, with unspotted wings, 



310. 

 Anthroccra larva, 45. 

 Apantesis (Arctia), notes on Canadian 



species, in, 143 (plate.) 

 Apantesis Anna, 119. 



" " var. persephone, 119. 



" arg^C) \22. 



"' Bolanderi, 144. 



Apantesis Celia, description of larva, 



150. 

 Apantesis figurata, 1^2. 

 Michabo, \\b. 



" " var. minea, 1 16. 



" nais, 153. 



Apantesis Nevadensis, var. incorrupta, 



1 45-. 

 Apantesis obliterata, 144. 



Apantesis ornata, description of larva, 



120. 

 Apantesis parthenice, 1 16. 



" phalerata, 154. 



" phyllira, 149. 



" Quensellii, var. turbans, 143. 



Apantesis rectilinea, description of 



larva, 1 17. 

 Apantesis superba, 145. 



" virg-o, 113. 



" " var. citrinaria, 114, 



" virgfuncula, larva, 114. 



" vittata, 153. 



Apantesis Williamsii, var. determinata, 



description of larva, 146. 

 Aphidida? from New Mexico, 167. 



" List of Californian, 247. 



" table of genera, 247. 



Aphis Alamedensis, n. sp. , 251. " 

 " ceanofhi, n. sp., 250. 

 " mori, n. sp., 251. 

 " table of species, 249. 

 Aphrissa statira, 221. 

 Apoidea from Montana, 222 (fig-s. ). 

 Apple bud-borer, larva and pupa, 158 



(figrs.). 

 Apterogynina;, table of g-enera, 204. 

 Aptei-nmitiilla^ n. gen., 324, 2>?i'- 

 Aquatic insects in February, 123. 

 Aradus In/eolus, n. sp., 75, no. 

 Argyroselenis, 284. 

 AsHMEAD, W. H., articles by, 3, 39, 



49. 95. 155' 199. 2T,2„ 243, 303, 2,^2^ 



2,2,^- 

 Asparagus beetle (12-spotted) in Con- 

 necticut, 188. 

 Asteroscopus = Brachionycha, 259. 

 Atreus plebius = Paratrea plebeja, 207. 

 Attaci, note on N. American, 109. 

 Aulocara guanieri, 302. 



" rufum, 302. 

 Aulocara, systematic position oi' the 



Orthopterous genus, 302. 



Bacot, A., article by, 44. 



BadynobcT?nina?, table of genera, 200. 



Ball, E. D., article by, 227. 



Banks, N., article by^ 2;^;^. 



Bees, new genera, 175, 176, 177, 



337- 




■MH 



INDEX TO VOLUME XXXV. 



Bees, new species, 162, 175, 268, 285. 



" some Nebraska, 334. 

 Bethune, C. J. S., articles by, 51, 140, 



141, 266, 267, 293, 294, 344. 

 Bird, H., article b}-, 91. 

 Blakeitis, n. g^en., 327, 328. 

 Blepharocerid^e, habits of, 58. 

 Bouibiis atn'/hsciaius, n. sp., 224. 

 " Coohyi, n. sp., 222. 

 " leiicdiiiclas, n. sp. , 268. 

 Book notices, 2^, 49, 140, 266, 293, 294, 



321, 344- 

 Braulev, J. C, articles by, 47, 275. 

 Brixton, VV. E., article by, 188. 

 Brooks, T., article by, 292. 

 Bntesia, n. gen., 306. 

 Bl'ENO, J. R. de la T., articles by, 123, 



235- 

 Butterfly notes from Toronto, 187. 



Cahu)ieuta Jolinsonii, n. sp., 233. 

 Callidr)-as cipris, 221. 



" eubule, 221. 



" philea, 22 i. 



Callipterns, table of species, 248. 



" arundicolens, n. sp., 249. 



Calosoma Willcoxi, 89. 

 Capsid, a new, 214. 

 Caradrina drasterivides, n. sp., 13. 

 Carneades = Pleonectopoda, 258. 

 Carneadcs cinereopallidus, n. sp., 10. 



" maimes, n. sp., 131. 



" tronellus, n. sp., 11. 



Casey, Major, my last reply to : Was- 



mann, 74. 

 Casey, T. L., article by, loS. 

 Cassida viridis, it,, 89. 

 Catalo^'ue of the Lepidoptera of N. 



America : Dyar, 48, 140, 237, 257. 

 Catorala orba, n, sp., 343. 

 Caidell, a. N., iirlicle by, 302. 

 Cpnfrias, n. gen., 176. 



" Americanus, 176. 



" crigcronis, 176. 

 Ceplialolhyniius^ n. g;on., 100, 105. 

 Cepficn, n. gen., 176. 



" Toxanus, 176. 

 Ceroplaslcs rubcns, 82. 

 Chilocorus siniilis, 82. 

 China, KiiliMiuilogical exploration in, 



70- 

 Chlorotettix niglcollis, n. sp., 230. 

 Chrysis inflata in New Mexico, 262. 

 Chrysobothris Pin fa, n. sp., 67. 

 Chr\sops procli\is, 244. 

 Chyphotini, table of generti, 202. 



Clark, Austin H., article by, 219. 

 Clarke, Warren T., article by, 247. 

 Coccida?, Catalogue of : Mrs. Fernald, 



266. 

 Coccidje, new records, 191. 



" new species, 64. 



" notes on, 22. 



Cockerell, T. D. a., articles by, 38, 



64, 167, 215, 217, 262, 342. 

 Cockle, J. W., article by, 139. 

 Coleoptera, list of Canadian, 239, 288, 



317- 

 Coleoptera, new species from the 



Western United States, 67. 

 Coleoptera, notes on, 89. 

 Coleopterous conundrum, 183, 266. 

 Colias philodice, white females, 187. 

 Collecting in February, a day's, 123. 

 Colour-blindness among Entomologists, 



206. 

 CoOLEY, R. A., articles by, 48, 197, 

 Coquillett, D. W., articles by, 20, 



189, 218, 255, 261, 272, 310. 

 Corethra ciiicfipes, n. sp., 190. 



" new genus allied to, 189. 

 Corvdalis cornuta, meristic variation 



in, 207 (fig.). 

 Cosilidae, table of genera, 41. 

 Cosmia = Xanthia, 259. 

 Crawkord, J. C, articles by, 268, 334, 



337; 

 Crioceris 12-punctata, 188. 

 Crocigrapha Normani, life - history, 



17- 

 Ctenucha Cressonana, 77. 



" " var. lutea, 77. 



" venosa, 77. 



Cucullia albida, 136. 



" serraticornis, 135. 

 " solidaginis, 135. 

 Cnle.v aurifcr, n. sp., 255. 



" canfafor, n. sp., 255. 

 Culex consobrinus. Do we Know it ? 



208, 218, 264, 311. 

 Culex Curriei, 312. 



" discolor, n. sp., 256. 



" impatiens, 208, 218. 



" inornatus, 208, 218, 264. 



" Kelloggii, n. sp., 211, 261, 311. 



" " larva, 311 (fig.). 



" nanus, n. sp., 256; 



" pinguis, 208, 218. 



" pipiens, 208, 218, 264. 



" punctor, 208. 



" tarsalis, 261. 



" testaceus, 209. 



" Willistoni, 261, 




INDEX TO VOLUME XXXV. 



349 



Culicid gfenus (new), related to 



Corethra, 189. 

 Culicida; and their larva; from Pecos, 



New Mexico, 311 (figs.). 



Deilephila galii, larva, 109. 

 Dendroctonus approximatus, 61. 



" frontalis, 59. 



" monticola, 59. 



" ponderosa, 59. 



" similis, 60. 



" valens, 61. 



Dimorphontutilla , n. gen., 2,2^, 331. 

 Diptera, additions to Quebec list, 234. 



" from Arizona, 244. 

 Dodge, G. M. article by, 78. 

 Driotura gammeroidea, var. fnlva, n. 



var., 231. 

 Driotura robusta, var. vittata, n. var., 



Dryophanta rydbcrgiana, n. sp., 217. 

 DvAR, H. G., articles by, 48, 76, 88, 

 ^73. ^75' 3^'- 



Elidina?, table ot genera, 8. 



Embleton, Miss Alice L., 265. 



Entomological Club, A. A. A. S., re- 

 pc>rt of the Secretary, 53, 79. 



Entomological Club, sketch of its 

 history, 54. 



Entomological Record : Fletcher, 234. 



Entomological Society of Ontario, an- 

 nual meeting, 267. 



Epeclinje, Synopsis of, 284. 



" table of genera, 284. 



Epeolus, table of species, 287. 



Ephestia Kuehniella, 216. 



Epismilia= Microweisea, 38. 



Errata, no, 213. 



Eucorethra, a genus of Culicida;, 272. 

 " Underwoodi, 272. 



Eiigasfra epigcea, n. sp., 71. 



Eulecanium Folsomi, 193. 



Eulecanium pruinosum, var. Ker- 

 moides, 196. 



Eidepistc Kcnrfotfi, n. sp., 76. 



Euretagrotis inattenta, 138. 



EuspinoUa, n. gen., 1,2^, 328. 



Euthrips tritici in New Mexico, 262. 



Evans, J. D., articles by, 239, 288, 317. 



Feltia Hudsonii, n. sp., 130. 



" obliqtia, n. sp., 129. 

 Feralia Columbiana^ n. sp. , 9. 



Fernald, C. H., articles by, zt,^ 206. 

 Fernald, H. T., articles by, 269, 333. 

 Fernald, Mrs. C. H., articles by, 22, 



90. 

 Fletcher, J., article by, 109. 

 Forest-insect explorations, 59. 

 French, G. H., article by, 343. 

 FvLES, T. W., articles by, 2:},, 75, 234. 



Gastrophilus epilepsalis, 320, 2>c)2>- 

 Gibson, Arthur, articles by, 17, in. 

 Gnathias^ n. gen., 175. 



" citneatus, n. sp., 175, 176. 



" ova f us, n. sp., 175, 176. 



" table of species, 175. 



Grabhamia Curriei, 312. 



" viffata, n. sp., 313. 



" " larva, 315 (fig.). 



Graenicher, S., article by, 162. 

 Grote, a. R., articles by, 77, 109, 139, 



207, 237, 257, 341. 

 Grote, Professor A. R., death of, 294. 

 Guerinius, n. gen., 100. 

 Gvnandromorphism in Lucanus elaphus, 



203 (fig.). 



Hadena (Xylophasia) cerivana, 1 34. 



" " sora, n. sp., 133. 



Halictoides marginatus, 334. 



" maurus, 334. 



Halictus ahi'rraus, n. sp. , 33O. 



" amicus, var., 342. 



" galphisicr, n. sp., 342. 



" ovaliceps, 342. 

 Harrington, W. H., articles by, 15, 



37. '"^9-. 

 Hi'dychridiuni aniabilc, n. sp., 262. 



Hemaris tityus, larva, 45. 



Hem/f/n'/'fius, n. i^en., 101, 107. 



Hepialus argenteomaculatus, egg and 



young larva of, 340. 

 Hessian Fly reared in laboratory, 316. 

 HiNE, J. S., article by, 244. 

 Holonomada, n. gen., 177. 



" table of species, 177. 



Hoiiiopnrui, J^assUicJi, n. sp., 2i?>-- 

 Homoptera, new \'. American, 227. 

 Hopkins, A. D., article by, 59. 

 Hormisa = Litognatha, 237. 

 House-boat collecting trip in China, 79. 

 Howard, L. O., article by, 138. 



" " lecture at Toronto, 338. 



Hydroscia appassionata, 91. 



" purpurifascia, 92. 



Hyles euphorbia: larva, 45. 




350 



INDEX TO VOLUME XXXV 



H}menoptera, new Ph) tophag-ous, 233. 

 Hvinenoptercs cl' Europe et d'Algerie, 



Les Mutillides: Andre, 49. 

 Hypvlcepus Viereckii, n. sp., 47. 

 Hypolimnas misippiis, 292. 



Insect Lite, Elementar}- Studies in : 



Hunter, 142. 

 Insect World, Tiie : Nawa, 294. 

 Insects used medicinally in China, 86. 

 Isodontia apicalis, 269. 



" elegans, 269. 



" Azteca, 269. 



" exoniata^ n. sp., 270. 



" macrocephala, 269. 



Isodontia macrocephala, var. cincrea, 



n. var., 271, 2,1>Z. 

 Isodontia tibialis, 269. 



" table of species, 269. 



Isosoma apterum, 333. 

 " eremitum, 333. 

 Isotiphia, n. gen., 43. 



nigra, n. sp., 43. 



Johnson, W. G., article by, 216. 

 Joint- worm Parasite from Russia, 332. 



Keen, J. H., article by, 125. 

 King, G. B., article by, 191. 

 Kltigia?iiis, n. gen., 102. 

 KfSNEZov, X. J., article by, 343. 



Lasiocampa quercus, larva, 43. 

 Lepidoptera of Nortii America, List of: 



Dyar, 48, 140, 237, 257. 

 Lepidoptera of N. America, List of : 



Smith, 1,2 I . 

 Lepidojilera in British Columbiji, 275. 

 Lepidosaphes versus Mytilaspis, 90. 

 Leiitomydas venosus, 245, 

 /A'lirospi/onitifilla, n. gen., 310. 

 /.il>!irnia SlossoNi, n. sp., 231. 

 i.ucanus elaiihus, Gjnandromorphism 



in, 205 (fig.). 

 LyiJLMia comyntas, 1S7. 

 " Scuclderii, 1S7. 

 Lfifits Chaiiiioiii, n. sp. , 214. 

 L\.MAN, H, IL, article by, 339. 



Mamestra laudabilis, life-history, 273. 



" oridd, n. sp. , 1 2. 



Maulati-, C. L., articles by, 53, 79. 



Mediterranean Flour-moth, 216. 

 Megachile frugalis, 215. 



" inimica, 215. 



" mendica, 216. 



" montivaga, 215. 



" pruina, 215. 



" relativa, 216. 

 Melissodes brevicornis, 334. 

 Methocinae, table of genera, 155. 

 Micro"d>cisca, n. nom., 38. 

 Microweisea, N. American species of, 



38. 

 Migration of butterflies, 219. 

 Milesia bella, 246. 

 Mintecouiiitilla, n. gen., 327, 329. 

 Miscellaneous notes, 339. 

 Moffat, J. A., articles by, 35, 66, 108, 



210. 

 Morrill, A. W., articles by, 25 (plate), 



222. 

 Mutillida; of Europe and Algiers : 



Andr^, 49. 

 Mutillidse, table of subfamilies, 303. 

 Mutillin^e, table of tribes, 304. 

 Mutillini, table of genera, 323. 

 Myiolcpta a 11 ri nolo, n. sp., 245. 

 Myrmosidse, table oi' subfamilies, 199. 

 Myrmosinee, table of tribes, 201. 

 Myrmosini, table of genera, 201. 

 M3'zinida?, table of genera, 4. 



Natural Histor}- of the British Lepi- 

 doptera : Tutt, 21,, 44, 88. 

 Ncciaropliora (igrinioniclla, n. sp., 168. 



" bacc/uiridis, n. sp. , 254. 



" C\tliJornica, n. sp., 254. 



" rontl/or/iisce, n. sp., 167. 



" Jideniella, n. sp. 169. 



" jasniini, n. sp., 252. 



" lutea, 167. 



" Ivrnpcrsici, n. sp., 253. 



" Maii'mi, n. sp., 169. 



" rliainiii, n. sp., 254. 



" rudbeckiae, 167. 



" rii(/l)cckiariii)i, n. sp., 168. 



" solidag'inis, 167. 



" table of species, 252. 



'' valcriaiiice, n. sp., 253. 



Needil\m, J. G., article by, 36. 

 Nemeophila Scudileri, 339'. 

 Neopasites heliopsis, 334. 



" Illinoiensis, 334. 



Neoplwtopsis, n. gen., 306. 

 Neuronia = Epineuronia, 258. 

 Nisuniadcx Llano, n. sp., 78. 

 Nocttta Triiniaiii, n. sp., 128. 




INDEX TO VOLUME XXXV. 



351 



Noctuids, ccrrections of Dr. Dyar's 



List, 237, 257. 

 Noctuids, new, for 1903, — g, 127, 



(plate). 

 Nomada grindelia;, 334. 



" table of species, 178. 



Nomadinae, s\-nopsis of, 172. 



" table of g-enera, 173. 



Oak-gall, a new, 217. 

 Odontjeus obesus, 89. 

 QLcanthiis Forbesi, n. sp., 260. 

 Ologlyptus Texanus, n. sp., 72. 

 Orthoptera of Indiana : Blatchley. 293. 

 OsTEN Sacken, Baron C. R.: Record 



of my life-work in Entomology, 344. 

 Ottawa Field Naturalists' Club, Ento- 



molog'ical branch, 89. 



Pachygastria trifolii larva, 45, 88 (fig.). 

 Pamphila Leonardus, 188. 

 Pafijirgiiitis Ncbrascetisis, n. sp., 335. 



Plercei, n. sp., 335. 

 Papaipenia, new histories in, 91. 

 Papilio brevicauda, 340. 

 Paraiiomia I'etiablesii, n. sp., 243. 

 Pecos, X. Mex., ICntomology of, 342. 

 Pedilophorus acuininatus, 180, 181. 

 " ajneolus, 179, 181. 



" hespcriis, n. sp., 180, 182. 



" Lccunfci, n. sp., 180. 



" oblongus, 181. 



" subcanus, 182. 



Perdita maura, 334. 



" zebrata, 335. 

 Peringueya, n. gen., 329. 

 Phe?iacaspis, n. gen., 48. 



'' nyssa;, 48. 



Phenococcus Cockerelli, n. sp., 195. 

 PJiclpsiiis rollifiis, n. sp., 227. 



" Francofiiana, n. sp., 228. 



" iipptiliis, n. sp., 227. 



" paiipcrciiliis, n. sp., 228. 

 Phlceosinus punctatiis, 00. 

 Phoebis argante, 221. 

 Phor, n. gen., 177. 

 " integer, 177. 

 Photopsidini, table of genera, 304. 

 Phyllodinus flabdlattis., n. sp., 22)2. 

 Physorhiiius yiiccce, n. sp., 67. 

 Pierida;, migration in Venezuela, 219. 

 Pine trees, insects injuring, 59. 

 Platylabus, Wesmael, the genus, 275. 

 " table of species, 277 (figs.). 



" Litzcrncnsis, n. sp., 279, 282. 



Platylabus nietallicus, n. sp., 277, 280. 



Platyphora Lubbocki, 21. 



Podisma, genus, in Eastern North 



America, 295 (plate). 

 Podisma glacialis, 295. 

 Podisma glacialis Ca>iade?isis, new 



race, 300. 

 Podisma variegata, 295. 

 Pontaiiia Bozematii, n. sp., 197 (figs.). 

 Preoccupied Names, 38, 90, 207, 213, 



_ 237, 258. 

 Pristoinii/illa, n. gen., 329. 

 Pi'otaitdiriiopsis, n. gen., 337. 



" fuscipennis, n.sp. , 337. 



Psanniiotliynnits, n. gen., )02, 106. 

 Psciidcclnnts, n. gen., 99. 

 Pseudanaphora nioiti, 76. 

 Pseudanarta, authorship of, 257, 341. 

 Pseiidelaphroptcra, n. gen., lor. 

 Pseudoliphia, n. gen., 6. 

 Psithyrus insularis, 225 (figs.). 



" lalifai'siis, n. sp. , 224 (figs.). 



Ptinida;, new species from Texas, 263. 

 Puhinaria innumerabilis, subs p. 



Bel/u'li, n. subsp., 195. 

 Pycuothynmis, n. gen., loi, 105. 

 Pyrotn Dakolana, n. sp. , 73. 



QuAiNTANLE, A. L., article by, 61. 



Radossko7vski US, n. gen., 327, 328, 



Ranatra fusca, stritlulation and habits, 



235- 

 Rancora albiriiwrcu, n. sp., 137. 



" albida, 136. 



" Jiritcei, n. sp., 136. 



" serraticornis, 135. 



" solidaginis, 135. 



" strigata, 135. 

 Reed, Edmund Baynes, biographical 



sketch and portrait, 51. 

 Rhagigasterina;, table of genera, 156. 

 Rhopalosiphum Grabhami, n. sp., 342. 

 Rhopalosoma Poeyi, 43. 



" the genus, 43. 



Rhopalosomidse, the family, 43. 

 Robertson, C, articles by, 172, 284. 



Samia Californica, ah. parvimacula, 109. 

 Sanderson, E. D., article by, 158. 

 Sapygida;, table of genera, 3. 

 Sarracenia (Pitcher-plant), insects 



found in, 91. 

 Saunders, W. E., biographical sketch 



and portrait oi, i . 




352 



INDEX TO VOLUME XXXV. 



Sawfly, a now, 197 (fiys. ). 



Sa}", Thomas, the Tomb of, 94, 138. 



Sayoinyia, n. gen., 190. 



" punctipennis, 190. 



Scale insects in China, 82. 



ScHAEFFER, C, article by, 263. 



SCHWARZ, E. A., article by, 54. 



Scoliida;, table of subfamilies, 7. 



Scoliinse, table of g'enera, 7. 



Scopelosoma Colorado, 138. 



Sesia stellatarum larva, 45. 



Siavana rigida, n. sp., 14. 



Siricoidea, Arctic, 15. 



Slosson, Mrs. A. T., article b}-, 183. 



Smilia, the Coccinellid g-enus, 38. 



Smilia = Microweisea, 38. 



Smith, John B., articles by, 9, 127 

 (plate). 



Spnecodog-astra Texana, 336. 



Spiders, Classification of North Ameri- 

 can : Comstock, 294. 



SpilomutiUa^ n. tfen., 324. 



Spilot]iy>inus, n. g'en., 103, 104. 



Steg-anoptvcha pyricolana, life-history, 

 158 (figs.). 



Stelis lateralis, 334. 



Stevenson, C, articles by, 89, 214. 



Stictococciis, n. gen., 64. 



" Sjostedti^ n. sp., 64. 



Stietchia — i\cerra, 258. 



SWENK, M. H., article by, 268. 



Tahamts liynliuipciinis, n. sp., 244. 

 Tachardia anrinif'iaca, n. sp., 65. 

 Telea polyphcnuis, n/;. flava, iio. 

 Telea polyphemiis, spinning methods, 



1 39- . 

 Tenthredinoidea, Arctic, 15. 

 Tctntphotopsis, n. gen., 305. 

 Ti'friiscoliii, n. gen., 8. 

 T/iainnnfc/fix orbo)iafa, n. sp., 229. 



" Slicnnani, n. sp., 230. 



" ivaldana, n. sp., 229. 



Thecla Titus, a^'g of, 340. 

 Theobald, F. V., articles b}-, 211, 311. 

 Theobaklia incidens, 311. 

 Tliynnid,-c, table oi subfamilies, 96. 

 Thyiinidea, n. gen., 98, 104, 105. 

 Th\nnina", table of genera, 97. 



Tiiyreopus latipes, aberration, 38. 

 Tiphiidae, table of genera, 39. 

 TiTL's, E. S. G., articles by, 213, 260. 

 Tosquinet, Dr. Pierre-Jules, death 



of, 2. 

 Tnchodesma pzilchella, n. sp., 264. 



" Texana, n. sp., 263. 



Triepeolus, table of species, 284. 



" 7nicropygiiis, n. sp., 286. 



Trifurcula, note on the generic title, 



139- 

 Trigonophora=Habryntis, 259. 

 Tutt's " British Lepidoptera," 23, 44, 



Vespoidea, classification of the super- 

 family, 3, 39, 95, 15s, 199, 303, 



323-. 

 Viereckia, n. gen., 324, 329. 



Walker, E. M., article by, 295 



(plate). 

 Washburn, F. L., articles by, 316, 



320. 

 Wasmann, E., article by, 74. 

 Wasmann, Dr., a few last words to : 



Casey, 108. 

 Wasp, male with female antenna;, 37. 

 Wasps, classification of the Fossorial, 



Predaceous and Parasitic, 3, 39, 



95' '55. '99- 303. 3,^3,- 

 Webster, F. M., article by, 94. 

 Weith, R. J., obituary notice, 36. 

 Wickham, H. v., articles by, 67, 179, 



205, 207. 

 W'lLLlAMS, J. B., article by, 187. 



Xantliidiuni, n. gen., 177. 



" dentar'ue, n. sp., 178. 



" table of species, 177. 



Xoiomiitilla, n. gen., 330. 

 Xiphydria crythrogaster, n. sp., 233. 

 Xylophasia fcrens, n. sp., 134. 

 Xvlotrechus 4-maculatus, 240. 



Zaspilothynniis, n. gen., 99, 107. 



Errati M. 

 Page 251, line 3, for Alemedensis read Alaincdensis. 








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