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THE CANADIAN 
Pe OMOLOGIST. 
OSV Xx 
EDITED BY THE 
Leo. C. I. S. Hethune, WM. a., B.C. L., 
POR HORE VONDARTO: 
ASSISTED BT 
J. Fleteher, Ottawa; H. H. Lyman, Montreal, and 
Rev. T. W. Fyles, Quebee. 
Pondon, Ont. : 
LONDON PRINTING AND LITHOGRAPHING CO, 
1893. 


LIST OF GONTRIBUTORS TO THIS VOLUME. 
———> > 
FAUNA @) NDR SEs Mase sesaiste noses ss 202 NEW, MORK, 
ANE DINICEE PROB sapien esters sess. 3ROOKINGS, SOUTH DAKOTA, 
ASHMEAD: W..H...: Soa ete Morecacse ns WASHINGTON, D. C. 
SAUNAS by INPAGIDETIAUNG 2 ney sectoe ates BM Sa SEA Gerber Ne Ye 
BIBVAUN Reals i repnnsissieve ohare erocedes okt eesucre Gia 6 « LAGGAN, ALBERTA. 
BETHUNE, REVenG. j-is. (Lhe Editor)... .Porr Hope = 
BIE AGT GABE Vici Sits 2k ers arate see rereas TERRE HAwtre, INDIANA, 
COCKE REE eP IDSA) 064566 .n eee Las Cruces, NEw Mexico, 
COOMMETE Hie. Wis se ssiqss «4-2 LOS) ANGELES, CAI. 
OARS MW riley eccentrics sce te oie A OSDAIEN) STA NIDA sNiee Wis 
TD IVGAVRETAURURIIS@IN (Gee f. s65 cede cats ots NEw YORK. 
EAD NVEAURSD SEO WWie Leos chess, ves eas 3s COALBURGH, WEST Va. 
ERO NIGAUININE Gas Avent: sit bae sete une nes PITTSBURGH, Pa. 
BRIE NARS 5m Wie ige sieves svete vie’ lshcus eveie sy oacncis elec COLESBORNE, ENGLAND. 
TE) Bhd LAI DS: ts a eco Oh ae ire ner Se ae IrHaca, N. vy. 
HRN DEP ROE VCs Hist =) cscrccee ec AMHERST, MAss, 
FUTUR TI ciel WWisteronsyete tone cise -Vececciclns ....GUILDFORD, CONN. 
INL ISIN aN OI NAA Paw OOS heen Se cOseeietnc acre OTTAWA. 
BORD Av sce sacicas. Aatinen ceeto nse eon. BEONARDS ENGLAND: 
IODC NBA Sipe oecntOrs cen an ieee eae tenes eta PHILADELPHIA, 
ERBIN GEER Os Gable act ciicyes toler CARBONDALE, ILL, 
VUE OS MINSEG is nleay WVictedeve crs tepaee ciao coeie cere SOUTH QUEBEC, 
(CHBIB RIE N @ENIGAIN SS errs) ake cists croc ee MONTREAL. 
(GUL IC SOM Ua CAN Re a has aie Clan eee ForT COLLINS, COLORADO, 
GODIENG DIR He Witaett odacns cc cessls 8 RUTLAND, ILL. 
GIR@MRE PAM Gee catkins xu susvecuattoy ake ee BREMEN, GERMANY. 
ERVIN EONS DIR, OMUNG: « ctec.a-Pags sneer... ALLEGHENY, Pa, 
JSAIRIRI TING AON A Neca lS es oo A ace neo ros Bene OTTAWA. LZ 
VAR © EEAVRSIUIB Se Ate 2s tay s ep ctere Agia hieto eae CHAMPAIGN, ILL. 
LOUIE AIN TD SUE Ve Wijalineminysctieeleciee. » «ic PITTSBURGH, Pa, 
FA @ NVA AS A915 an OP Ly Sete PUR ee WASHINGTON, D.C. 
IDS ONAN GCE ce eros oy, eee teed PLATTSBURGH, N. Y. 
[PAGING Sere el ences eiyetsce Hoke ee ....JAMAICA PLAIN, Mass, 
IDI ONG ADS Rg Saal © etal San Se Rite ee LINCOLN, NEB. 
ISS TRUSSO AINSI) SOA STAs eis cl, suet atane ttscevace ace AMHERST, MAss, 
SUN ZAG Ree IRM Bye eer er ener a tebe Siro. = NEW YORK. 
IE) SMES ORS oie Stepeie cee cols Oo apie oli Yo SEMITE, CAL. 
IE VANEAUN ai lepl lies. 2 eae serers settee ae ear. SALON EREATS O~ 
MENG Gi TE TI VARSAW YS Aceves cise) tire... ItHaca, N. Y. 
MOFFAT, J. ALST ONE Seen ases oui: LONDON, ONT. 
NEUMOEGE INGA Degas 5 as eet te ash eietel sos NEW YORK. 
PACKARD, DR. a Sy ore ARE boro cee PROVIDENCE, R. -I. 
PATTON, W. FUAIVUR TONG AY Saale siete co HARTFORD, CONN, 
IRINA SIRS (Gel vets ce tierce er, Oca Sek eee BERKELEY, CAL. 
SKINNER, DEH ee ee Pee osc: PHILADELPHIA. 
SEINGERIEAND Me Wren cose ce cs cme ITHACA, N. Y. 
SIE@SS@N MGS Ae 7b eas cll acle cients NEw YorK. 
SMITH, DR. ee lake tance ae AERO Cacia a eee NEw Brunswick, N. J. 
STRECKER, ID) [RES ja ts la hg ad ee READING, Pa. 
ATE) VEIN SHYING) an Greniete: Uy Wale BVIR yo ats ee a ccece KINGSTON, JAMAICA, W. FE 
VAN DUZER, 1S Fe Po ae AS ee oe Oe ee BUFFALO, N Y. 
ENON DWI GOI ACN Se ot lots oc acti ene. KEorTa, Iowa, 
WEBSTER, F. a SaaS Oca Ohe Oe WoosTER, OHIO. 
VAIS ot PANSY 9 6 [7 0 a IOWA City, Iowa. 
WILLISTON, ROE Sree ay cee 4 LAWRENCE, KANSAS. 
VVC CTO METRE ERS st Oe cepa Ee ie ae ea eae GRAND Rapips, Micu, 


The aad ay Hontomalogist 
WiOln. XOX LONDON, JANUARY, 1893. No. 1. 
DESCRIPTIONS OF FOUR NEW WEST AFRICAN 
BUTTERELIES: 
BY W. J. HOLLAND, PH. D., PITTSBURGH, PA: * 
EURYPHENE, Bolsp. 
Z. £2. castanea, sp. Nov. 
g. The form of the wings is exactly like that of Sewegalensis, H -S. 
UppeErsipE.—The ground colour is rich chestnut-brown, marked by 
broad black series of spots and bands. Upon the primaries these 
markings are as follows :—In the cell a longitudinal basal streak, a trans- 
verse line, a figure 8, a twice curved transverse line, and a broad bar at 
the end of the cell constricted in the middle ; below the cell there is a 
short basal band curving inwardly ; beyond the cell there is a wide band 
running from the costa toward the outer margin as far as the lower radial, 
and then abruptly turning and extending to the middle of the inner margin ; 
beyond this is a broad band of diffuse spots, wide on the costa, narrower 
bevond the end of the cell, and gradually widening as it approaches the 
inner margin ; beyond this is a submarginal series of very black round 
spots. The outer margin is black. All of these lines are continued upon 
the secondaries parallel to the outer margin, and in addition there is a 
narrow, submarginal black line. In the cell of the secondaries there is a 
round spot at the base, a figure 8, anda constricted annular mark at the 
end. UNnpbersipE.—The prevalent colour on the underside of the wings 
is pale fuscous, shading into ashen grey upon the cells of both wings. The 
markings of the upper surface scarcely reappear upon the lower side, 
except the submarginal band of round spots, which reappear upon the 
primaries as faint blackish marks, and upon the secondaries as ocelli with 
pale ashen margins. In both wings there are in the cella black basal dot, 
a figure 8, and a narrow constricted annular mark at the end. In addition, 
upon the primaries the costa near the base is white, and there are a couple 
of small white marks at the apex; upon the secondaries there is a narrow 
white bar extending from near the middle of the costa to the first subcostal 
nervule. 
Expanse 58 mm. Habitat Kangwe, Ogove Valley. 

z THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
i) 
L. suffumigata, sp. nov. ; 
2. The form of the wings is like that of &. e/zensis, Hew. UPPeEr- 
sIbE.—Both wings are dark smoky-brown, shading into black at the apex 
of the primaries and clouded on the costa and cell of the primaries, with 
obscure black markings. ‘There is a broad yellowish subapical band on 
the primaries, running from the costa and terminating before the outer 
margin above the third median nervule. Upon the secondaries there 
is a continuous slightly undulating dark brown submarginal line. UNDER- 
sipE.—The ground colour is light green, or glaucous. ‘The costa of the 
primaries at the base, the apex, the costal portion of the subapical band 
of the primaries which reappears upon the lower side, and a narrow bar 
running from before the middle of the secondaries from the costal to the 
first subcostal, are all white. The outer half of the wings is suffused with 
a fuliginous shade defined inwardly by a curved line running frem the 
outer margin of the primaries below the apex to the origin of the third 
median, and thence to the middle of the inner margin, across the secon- 
daries beyond the end of the cell, sweeping inwardly from the origin of 
the third median to a point above the anal angle on the inner margin. 
Faint traces of a submarginal band of ocelli appear upon the secondaries. 
Body and legs concolorous. 
Expanse 75 mm. Habitat Talaguga, Ogové Valley. 
This noble and well-marked species is represented in my collection by 
a single specimen taken in the spring of the present year. It is likely to 
be confounded with Z. Phantasia, Hew., from which it may, however, 
be at once distinguished by the absence of the broad blue submarginal 
band running from above the first median nervule on the primaries to the 
anal angle of the secondaries in the female. 
ATERICA, Bolsp. 
3. A. fuliginosa, sp. nov. 
Q. Antenne black. Body above dark brown. Underside of palpi, 
thorax and abdomen light grey. Upprersipe.—The ground colour of the 
upper side of the wings is smoky-brown, shading into dark brown near the 
apex of the primaries. ‘There is a series of four minute white spots 
extending from the costa before the apex to the third median nervule. A 
broad oblique subapical yellow band runs from the first subcostal nervule 
beyond the cell toward the outer margin, terminating upon the first median 
nervule. The inner margin of this band is moderately straight ; the outer 
margin is irregular, being indented upon the lower radial and the second 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. $ 
median nervules. The usual markings appear obscurely in the cell. The 
posterior wings are ornamented by a submarginal band of obscure ocelli 
running parallel to the outer margin. ‘These spots are lighter than the rest 
of the wing and ringed about with dark brown, and have in the centre 
dark brown subhastate pupils. UNDERstDE.—The underside is obscurely 
brownish-grey. The markings of the upperside reappear, and on the 
underside of the secondaries the submarginal band of ocelli is indicated 
by a series of minute white spots located on the inner edge of each ocellus. 
There are seven of these minute white spots on each secondary. The base 
of the secondaries has a few obscure markings characteristic of the genus, 
the most prominent of which is an annular mark in the middle of the 
cell. 
Expanse of wings 68 mm. Habitat Kangwé, Ogové Valley. 
I hesitated to describe this species from the solitary 2 specimen, but 
it is wholly unlike the female of any species known to me, and does not 
exist in any of the English collections which I have consulted, and was 
pronounced by Mons. Mabille, to whom I showed it, as undoubtedly a 
new species. It comes nearest to 4. aridatha, of Hewitson, but it is 
totally distinct, being much larger and quite differently coloured, and the 
subapical band of the primaries having an altogether different form. 
EUPHAEDRA, HUuBN. 
4. E. imitans, sp. nov. 
¢.. Very closely allied to #. Husemoides recently described by Smith 
& Kirby, but readily distinguished from that species by the fact that the 
yellow spots on the middle of the primaries are not widely separated as 
in Eusemoides, and that the base of the primaries is adorned by a num- 
ber of d/ue spots, and that along the inner margin of the primaries there 
is a Jong yellow streak. The secondaries have a yellow spot on the base 
and three black spots in the ced/, and the broad black border is interrupted 
by a marginal series of obscure geminate blue spots. The underside has 
a spot at the base of the secondaries pupilled with yellow, in addition to 
the spots which appear upon the underside of £. Husemoides. 
@. The female is like the male, but much larger, and the marginal 
blue spots upon the upperside of the secondaries are brighter and larger. 
Expanse ¢,58mm.; 2,85 mm. Habitat Talaguga, Upper Valley 
of Ogove. 
Represented in the collection of the author by two males and one 
female. It is a very close mimic of Xanthospilopteryx longipennis, and 
even more so of a species of this genus in the collection of the writer 
which has not yet been named. 
Pittsburgh, Nov. 30, 1892. 

4 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
SOME NEW ADDITIONS TO THE GENUS CLISIOCAMPA, 
CORRE, 
BY B. NEUMOEGEN, NEW YORK. 
C. Mus, nov. spec. 
fq. Head, palpi and thorax whitish gray. Antennae brown, with 
whitish stems. Abdomen gray, intermixed with black hair. Primaries 
dark gray, with veins indicated more or less by white. A broad blackish 
transverse band between two whitish lines, which are slightly toothed at 
intersections of veins. Basal space whitish, with black tings along costa. 
Fringes gray, with brown accentuations at terminus of subcostal and 
median veins. Secondaries dark chestnut-brown, fading into whitish 
tinges along anal margin and in basalspace. A faint, whitish mesian line. 
Fringes gray and brown alternating. 
Below. Primaries dark brown, dusted with gray in submarginal space 
and along costa. ‘The outer transverse line well marked. Secondaries 
whitish gray. ‘The mesian line well curved and prominent. Legs brown- 
ish-gray. In some specimens there is a shading from gray into light brown, 
and the white veins are less prominent on upper surface of primaries. 
®. Antennae, head and thorax whitish gray. In some specimens 
exceptionally blackish-brown. Abdomen whitish gray. Primaries dark 
gray. A broad, blackish transverse band enclosed in white transverse 
lines, slightly toothed at veins. The latter appear as white horizontal 
lines, in crossing this band. Basal space whitish. Fringes as in 7, 
Secondaries of chestnut colour, tading in basal space, with black dashes, 
especially along costa. Fringes alternately brown and gray. 
Below. Primaries and_ secondaries light chestnut-brown, slightly 
dusted with gray granules. Basal spaces of whitish tinge. The outer 
transverse line of primaries indicated in dark brown. iegs and abdomen 
yellowish-gray, dusted with black. 
Types, ¢ g and ¢ @. Coll. B. Neumoegen. 
Expanse of wings: ¢ 24-25.mm.; ? 36-37. mm. 
Length of body: ¢ 8.mm.; ? ro. mm. 
Habitat: Southwest Utah (about 30 specimens) and Arizona, (Pres- 
cott, one specimen.) Easily recognizable by its gray primaries with dark 
band, traversed by white veins. 
C. Mus. var. adiscolorata. 
¢d. Antennae, head and collar dark brown. ‘Thorax and abdomen 
brownish-gray.. Wings light brown. The two transverse lines of pri- 
maries dark brown, with an outer tinge of yellowish. 
Below. Primaries light brown. The outer transverse line well marked 
- 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 9) 
in darker brown. Secondaries of a somewhat lighter tinge, with yellowish 
dust. Brown mesian line. Legs and abdomen dark brown. 
Type, 1 f from S. W. Utah. Coll. B. Neumoegen. 
Raised out of a lot of about 50 typical C. Mus by Mr. Chr. I. 
Weidt. It seems to be rare. 
9. Antennae dark brown. Thorax and abdomen brownish-gray. 
Wings chestnut, with somewhat lighter dusting along anterior margin, and 
in basal space. Well marked dark brown lines encircling transverse band 
of primaries. Secondaries with lighter basal shades. 
Below. Wings light’ chestnut, with grayish granules along anterior 
margins and basal spaces. Outer transverse line of primaries, and mesian 
line of secondaries slightly indicated. 
Types coll. B. Neumoegen. 
Several specimens raised by Mr. Weidt in S. W. Utah, and one speci- 
men from Prescott, Arizona, tallying with the foregoing, but being of 
somewhat lighter colour in its wings. 
C. Azteca, nov. sp. 
g. Antennae brown. Head and thorax grayish-brown. Wings and 
body of a peculiar blackish-brown tint. Primaries: apex sharply pointed. 
A transverse band of still darker shade, the two border lines of the same 
especially dark, the outer line relieved by a yellow streak. Running 
parallel with the latter, from costa to inner margin, a subterminal undu- 
lating irregularly shaped band, giving the wing the appearance of having 
three transverse lines. The inner line, encircling basal space, well curved 
towards base ; the anterior line somewhat outwardly curved in its course 
through median space. Secondaries uniform in colour. Fringes of both 
wings alternating with yellow. 
Below. Legs and body grayish-brown. Wings of a lighter brown 
shade, powdered with yellowish grains along anterior margin of primaries 
and over the entire surface of secondaries. Primaries show the outer 
transverse line, and secondaries a well curved mesian line. Basal spaces 
the darkest in both wings. 
?. Blackish-brown, lighter in shade than ¢. Body concolorous. 
Antennae, head. and thorax grayish-brown. Primaries with broad trans- 
verse band, the inner line well curved towards base and of grayish colour. 
The outer line grayish, somewhat bulging at centre and slightly dentated 
at veins. Secondaries uniform in colour, showing a faint trace of a mesian 
line. Fringes in both wings alternating with faint yellow. 
Below. Wings uniform in colour, but of lighter tint than primaries, 
which show faintly the outer line of transverse band. Secondaries with a 
somewhat darker undulating mesian line. 
Dypes: 26 6 and 29 °°. Coll. BeNeumoegen. 
Expanse of wings: ¢ 31.mm.; ? 36.mm. 
Length of body: ¢ 6.mm.; ? 10. mm. 
Habitat : City of Mexico and vicinity. Caught by Mr. Moonz. 
This is the darkest coloured American Clisiocampa and easily 
recognizable, 

6 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
DESCRIPTION OF A NEW TOLYPE. 
BY B. NEUMOEGEN, NEW YORK. 
P. toltcca, Nov. sp. 
¢. Antennae light brown. Eyes black. Head, prothorax and thorax 
snowy white. Tegulae snowy white, with black hairy centre band, con- 
necting it with the black haired abdomen, just like in 7? ved/eda, Stoll. 
Abdomen metallic black, clothed with long hair and long drawn out anal 
tuft. The latter intermixed with white hair. Primaries dark slate, especi- 
ally in the interspace formed by a marginal and a double central transverse 
line, as well as along costa and internal margin. Veins white. A lunu- 
late white discal spot, and whitish tinges around it. ‘Three transverse, 
undulating, white lines, two of which are double, the discal space being 
enclosed by these double lines, and the marginal transverse line being 
single. The latter crosses from apex the subcostal veins in a straight lines 
parallel with anterior margin, but becomes undulating in traversing the 
median veins. <A thin, dark line indicates anterior margin. Fringes light 
brown. Wings show irridescence in a slanting position. Secondaries 
dark slate, with gray fringes ; anterior margin indicated by a thin black 
line, 
3elow. Palpi black below. Abdomen and legs snowy white, the 
latter pilose, having the tibiae dotted with black. Wings blackish slate, 
especially dark along costal and in basal spaces, with veins and undulating 
marginal lines of grayish white. 
?. Much larger and of lighter shade than ¢. Antennae, head, 
thorax and central thoracical streak the same as in g, but the hairy body 
snowy white, with gray segmentary tuft. ‘The same transverse lines on 
primaries, the one near base and the central line, which enclose disc, being 
double, and only the marginal line being single. Basal area tufted with 
snowy white. Costa whitish. Fringes hght brown. Veins white. Secon- 
daries dark slate, with basal white tuft, a white undulating marginal line 
and grayish-brown fringes, 
Below. Black palpi. White abdomen and legs, the tibiae with black 
dots. Anal portion of body covered with light brown hair. Wings slate 
colour with white nerves. Primaries showing the white double central and 
marginal, the secondaries only the marginal line. Basal areas and sections 
along marginal lines the darkest. 
Types, 26.65.20 e+ Coll. B, NWeumoezen, 
Expanse of wings: ¢ 30.mm.; @ 45. mm. 
Length of body: g 10.mm.; @ 21. mm. 
Habitat : City of Mexico and vicinity. Collected by Mr. Moonz. 
This insect greatly resembles 7? ve/Zeda, Stoll., but its transverse lines 
on primaries differ and it is easily distinguished by its smaller size and 
darker colour, especially on the secondaries, J 

~I 
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
CAN THE DIPTERA BE. CONSIDERED THE ‘HIGHEST 
INSECTS? 
BY C. H. TYLER TOWENSEND. 
In the Nov., 1892, number of the CanaDIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, pp. 
269-70, there is printed a paper which was read by Professor H. Osborn 
before the Entomological Club of the A. A. A.S. at its Rochester meeting 
in August, 1892. It is entitled: ‘‘ Honey-bee or House-fly.” In this 
article Professor Osborn questions the view, first advanced by Hyatt and 
Arms, that the Diptera are to be considered the highest insects. At the 
end of the paper appear the following remarks. which were made at the 
time the paper was read before the meeting :— 
“Mr. Smith thought that the line of argument adopted by Messrs. 
Aldrich and Townsend was inconclusive, and that the article referred to 
carried with it its own refutation. He thought Mr. Osborn was correct in 
that the orders should be placed parallel, but that groups or families were 
more highly developed in some orders than in others. Mere specialization 
is never a test of rank in itself, and any line of argument that places the 
Hippoboscide at the head of the insects as the highest in rank is simply 
unworthy of attention, since it omits the intellectual or nervous develop- 
ment as a factor.” 
The over-confident and assuring manner in which the above paragraph 
disposes of the subject is rather ludicrous. One might fancy the question 
finally answered, and consigned to oblivion. I feel safe in saying that 
such a hasty and incompetent dismissal of the subject will command little 
attention from anyone who is well informed in insect embryology. 
Professor Osborn’s paper simply makes the point that there are objec- 
tions to attempting an expression of lineal rank or descent in groups of 
animals, but that the orders of insects are divergent, or more or less 
parallel developments from a common form. 
The writer, in his note on the subject in Scéence (June, 1892), did not 
attempt to express the idea that the orders of insects led up in a natural 
or any other series to the Diptera; nor is any such view held by Hyatt 
and Arms, or Professor Aldrich, in what they have written on the subject. 
I desire to say also that I have not in any way upheld the view that the 
Hippoboscidz should be considered the culminating point, but have 
rather pointed to the cyclorrhaphous families as occupying that position. 
It is very conclusively shown by Hyatt and Arms, Insecta, pp. 273-4, 

8 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
287-8, that the Diptera are by far the most specialized insects, and that 
they should therefore be considered the highest in rank. If any one still 
doubts that they are the most specialized, he may be referred to the late 
edition of Lowne’s Anatomy etc., of the Blow Fly, part I., Oct., 1890. 
The wonderful development of the muscid pupa from the imaginal discs, 
all the larval organs undergoing disintegration, is not paralleled in any 
other order of insects. I contend that specialization, as deduced from 
the ontogeny of the insect, is the best and only reliable criterion of rank. 
Let those who believe otherwise point out a better one. To talk of an 
intellectual development in insects is absurd. I do not admit that the 
actions of the social hymenoptera are in any way actuated by reason or 
intellect. It is, rather, inherited habit. 
As to the ubiquitousness of the House-fly, this is rather a point in its 
favour. It has, entirely on its own resources, become emphatically cosmo- 
politan, and even man ‘in all his glory” is unable to reduce its numbers, 
or in any way to cope with it. On’'the other hand, the Honey-bee has for 
ages been cultivated, cared for and protected by mankind. Yet I would 
not by any means suggest the House-fly as the climax of insect 
development. 
Man is the highest animal, because of his immense cerebral specializ- 
ation. ‘There is no such contrast in cerebral development between the 
lowest and highest insects as there is even between the anthropoid apes 
and man. Consequently I believe that the same factor should not be 
used as a criterion of rank in insects. At the same time, man is farthest 
removed from the ancestral mammalian form in his general structural 
development, as deduced from his ontogeny, and this can and should be 
used as the basis of argument, not only in insects, but in all other groups 
of animals. 
This line of reasoning puts the Diptera at the head of the insect body, 
inasmuch as their larval stages show greater specialization or development 
than the larve of any other order of insects, while their perfect form 
points them out still more emphatically as the farthest removed from the 
ancestral thysanuriform type. 
If there is an objection on the part of some to the term “highest ”, 
let the expression “ most specialized” be substituted therefor. I cannot 
help believing that the use of the latter would be preferable, 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 9 
A NEW ARRANGEMENT OF THE COLEOPTERA. 
BY WM. HAMPTON PATTON, HARTFORD, CONN. 
Coleoptera may be described as Mandibulate Insects, with the fore- 
wings horny and the two basal abdominal joints invisible on the venter. 
A reduction in the number of abdominal joints at the tip and in the 
number of joints in the tarsi indicates advancement in rank among Cole- 
optera. Likewise, a specialization of the antennae to clavicorn or lamelli- 
corn indicates advancement, as well as does the degradation of the larva. 
The Lampyride are the lowest in rank, shown by their lax structure. The 
Heteromera and Phytophaga show high development in the specialization 
of their tarsi. The Rhynchophora are especially aberrant, and there is 
evidence of advanced type shown in the low development of the apodous 
larvae, greatly specialized prosterna and concealed ventral segments. A 
few Heteromera, the Buprestinae and the Lamiinae resemble them in their 
larvae. The larvae of Bruchidae are similar to those of Brenthus and 
Anthribus in their minute legs. ‘The Weevils may be placed ahead of 
the other Coleoptera, although the Chafers are nearly as high. 
The Cicindelidae present a character not elsewhere found in the 
Dolichogastres, z. ¢., a dilation of the metapleura. <A similar,, but more 
extended, dilation is characteristic of the Rhynchophora and Phytophaga. 
The arrangement below is verified in the preceding paragraphs. 
SYNOPSIS OF COLEOPTERA, TWO SERIES. 
DoLICHOGASTRES.—Six or more ventrals visible (exc. Elateridae and 
Buprestidae). 
— Metapleura not widened (exc. Cicindelidae). Pentamerous (Normo- 
pleura). 
First visible ventral entire. Series Serricornia (Malacodermes, Ster- 
nox1). Series Monzlicornia (Brachyelytra). 
First visible ventral divided by the coxee. Series /’/:cornia (Adephaga). 
BRACHYGASTRES.—Only five ventrals usually visible. 
= Metapleura not widened. Six ventrals in many families (Normopleura). 
Heteromercus. Series Heteromera. First visible ventral not divided 
by coxae. Antennae various. 
Pentamerous. 
Series Clavicornia (Philhydrida, Necrophaga). 
Series Pectinicornia. Series Lamellicornia, 

10 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
= Metapleura widened (Tetramera). Never more than five ventrals. 
(Platypleura). 
Series Phytophaga. 
Series Riyuchophora. 
The conclusion which may be drawn from this synopsis is that the 
Tetramera are the equivalent of all other beetles taken together. Those 
who follow LeConte’s views would place the Rhynchophora apart from 
all others ; then the division would be into Tetramera and Pentamera, the 
last including the Heteromera and Trimera. 
A GENERAL SUMMARY OF THE KNOWN LARVAL FOOD- 
MABITS OF THE -ACALYPTRATE MUSCIDA:, 
BY C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND, LAS CRUCES, NEW MEXICO. 
In a short paper published in the Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci., Vol. XIL, 
on the occurrence, in a single restricted locality in Arizona, of a species 
of MWicropesa, | gave a very brief resume of the food-habits of some of 
the better known families of Acalyptrate ,Muscide, with the view of, 
suggesting the possible habit of the species there considered. This 
prompted me later to bring together all available notes on the subject. 
As these small flies are of much economic importance, both as being 
injurious and beneficial, I have felt that a quite complete summary of their 
larval fcod-habits would be of much use to the working entomologist, 
besides being of no little importance to those wno may be making a 
special study of the diptera. I should acknowledge drawing a consider- 
able number of the notes from Schiner, Westwood and other European 
authors. All such refer to European species, but often apply equally as 
well to American species, when such exist in the genera named. All are 
of importance as indicating the great range and variety of the food-habits 
in this section of the Muscide ‘The only families of whose larval habits 
nothing seems to be knewn are the MWicropeside, Phvcodromide, Opomy- 
side, Leiopside, Asteide and Geomyside. 
According to their habits, the larvz of the Acalyptratee may be grouped 
in three categories: Scavengers, phytophagic species, and entomophagic 
or parasitic species, ‘These groups may be separated into sub-groups, as 
will be seen from the accompanying synoptic view : 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. EL 
Synopsis of larval habits of the Acalyptrate Muscide. 
‘Coprophagous species or dung-feeders. 
‘In decaying fruits. 
Feeders : 
ne BERR In decaying wood and under bark of trees 
psa a In decaying plants and leaves. 
=. In decaying roots and tubers. 
matter, = 
In fungi. 
Scavengers. ‘Salt or alkaline water and mud. 
Feeding | Urine. 
in fluids. | Vinegar. 
Sap from wounds of trees. 
: ‘ S Cheese. 
Feeders on animal matter. . . 
( Animal fats. 
‘Gall makers. 
Infesting soft fruits. 
Fruitfeeders 4 Living in pods, seeds and berries. 
Living in flower heads. 
ace | Leaf miners jin ater plants. 
ig “* | In foliage of trees and land plants. 
Feeders in stems of plants and holms of grasses. 
Root feeders. 
Feeding in seaweed. 
; Parasites ? fe 
Entomophagic | In plant lice. 
species, On scale insects. 
Pseudo parasites ? On plant lice. 
On larvee. 
Inquilines in bees’ nests. 
or group with a 
parasitic tendency. 
Summary of larval habits. 
Fam. CORDYLURID& : 
Norellia spinimana ; larva found on an anthomyiid larva (Bremi). 
Cleigastra apicalis ; larva in noctuid caterpillar (Boié). C72. swesterct ; 
bred from larve in swine dung (Townsend, Can. Env.) 
Scatophaga ; larvee in dung and human excrement, also in water (Sch.). 
Fam. THYREOPHORID& : 
Thyreophora ; larvae found in anatomical preparations (Rob. Desv.) 
Fam. HELOMYZID& : 
Helomyza ; larvee in fungi and truffles (Westw.) 
Leria serrata ; larve in dung (Bremi), in fungi (L. Dufour). 
Thelida ; a species on bat dung (Rob. Desv. ) 

1? THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
Fam. HETERONEURID& : 
Clusia ; pupz in mouldered tree trunks (Staeger). 
Heteroneura ; larvee and pupe under bark of trees and in decaying 
tree trunks. //. a/bimana; bred by Schiner from pupz found 
in trunk of a weather-beaten willow. 
Fam. SCIOMYZID&: 
Dryomyza ; larve in fungi (Meq.) 
Actora ; breeds in seaweed (Boh.) 
Tetanocera ferruginea ; larve live between the leaves of Lemna and 
Callitriche in water (L. Dufour). 
Fam. DoRYCERID# : 
4 
Dorycera ; larve live amongst leaves of water plants, several species 
being subcutaneous (Westw.) D. g7aminum,; larve in water 
(Geoffr.) 
Fam. PLATYSTOMIDE: 
Platystoma umbrarum: larve live in decayed wood underground 
(Perris). \ 
Fam. ORTALIDE: 
Herina (Ortalis) frondescentiz; larve feed on pulp of cherry 
(Réaumur). 
Tritoxa (Ortalis) flexa ; larvze live in onions. 
Psairoptera ; larvae of a species found under bark of Pinus, and Populus 
tremula (Sch. ) 
Chloria (Ulidia) demandata; larve in old horse dung, where they 
passed the fall and winter (Bouché). 
Chaetopsis aenea; bred from larvee found July 5 burrowing in the 
centre of a stalk of corn (Gillette). 
Fam. LONCHEID£: 
Lonchea nigra; larve in the stems of Verbascum, Angelica and 
Carduus. JL. parvicornis,; l\arve in suckers of Triticum repens, 
on which they cause galls with a scale-like covering, the dead 
leaf-sheath (Perris). Z. lasiophthalma; \arve under similar 
circumstances on suckers of Cynodon sp. Larve of other 
species under bark of trees (Giraud). 

THK CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 13 
Fam. SAPROMYZID&: 
Sapromyza; larvee under decayed leaves (Bouché), in rotten straw 
(Perris), and in fungi (L. Dufour). 
Fam. TRYPETIDZ: 
Platyparea ; larvz of a species in asparagus (Sch.) 
Euphranta ; larve of a species in pods of Vincetoxicum officinale, 
pupating in the earth (Giraud). 
Aciura femoralis; bred from larve found in Phlomis fruticosa 
(v. Frauenfeld). 
Acidia ; larvz of a species in leaves, which they mine (Sch.) — Larvee 
of another species in fruit of Lonicera xylosteum (Lev.) A. 
artemisi@ ; larve mine leaves of Chrysanthemum (Westw.) 
Spilographa ; larvae in fruits or berries, while some mine leaves (Sch.) 
S. alternata,; larve in berry of Rosa villosa (Bouché, quot. by 
Westw. ) 
Orelilia wiedemanni ; larve live in leaves of Bryonia (Sch.) 
Trypeta ; larve of many species live in flower heads of various com- 
posite. 
Rhagoletis (Trypeta) pomonella ; larvee in apples (WIlsh.) 
Acrotoxa (Trypeta) ludens ; larva in oranges (Riley). 
Eurosta (Trypeta) solidaginis ; larve in galls on stems of solidago 
(Fitch). 
Urophora ; larvae of many species live in various parts of composite 
plants (Sch.) WU. cardui; larvee in large galls on thistle (Westw.) 
Myopites ; larvee in flower-heads of Mula sp. (v. Frauenf., v. Roser). 
Ensina sonchi; larve live in flower-heads of Sonchus, Apargia, 
Senecis, Tragopogon, Podospemum (Sch.), Carduus (v. Frauenf.) 
Carphotricha ; larvee live in Composite, preferably Liguliflorze (Sch.) 
Euleia onopordinis ; larva mine in leaves of celery (Westw.) 
Oxyphora ; larvee in flower-heads of various Composite (Sch.) 
Tephritis ; larvee in flower-heads of Composite (Sch.) 
Anomoia ; larve of a species in berries of Crataegus oxyacantha (Sch.) 
Ceratitis capitata ; larvae in peaches, oranges and other citrus fruits 
(Westw.) 
Dacus ole ; larve in olives, two or three larvee in a fruit, pupating 
in the earth. 

e 
14 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 
Eutreta diana ; larve in gall on wild sage, Artemisia tridentata, in 
Mo. (Riley, Osten Sacken). 
Straussia (Trypeta) longivennis ; the fly oviposits in stalk of Helian- 
thus (sunflower) near tip, in June and July (Lintner, 3d. Rep.) 
Fam. SEPSIDA : 
Nemopoda cylindrica ; larve in human excrement (Bouché, West., 
Sch.) 
Themira putris ; larvee in slimy water and mud (Sch.) 
Fam. PIOPHILID&: 
Piophila ; larvee in cheese, ham-fat and fatty animal matter in general 
(Swamm.). In salt (Germer). 
Fam. PSILIDs: 
Chyliza leptogaster ; bred from irregular galls the size of a walnut on 
the stems of Spirea opulifolia 
caused by these flies (Scholtz). 
Psila rose ; larvae in roots of Daucus (carrot) and Brassica (Sch.) 
not known that the galls were 
Fam. OSCINID&: 
Platycephala ; pupze of one species in reed stems (Boié) : 
Meromyza americana ; larvee in stems of wheat, rye and probably in 
grasses (Riley, Webster and others). 
Chlorops ; larvae of several species live in holms of grasses and 
cereals.  Ch/. pumilionis, Chl. glabra; larve injuring wheat 
(Bjerkander, Westw. ) 
Chloropisca prolifica ; supposed by Dr. Lintner to breed in grass of 
lawns (7th Rep. N. Y. Ent., p. 239). 
Lipara ; larvae in reed stems, causing large galls near the tops, in 
which they pupate (Sch.) 
Oscinis ; larve live in holms of grasses and cereals. O. frit, larvee 
in husks of barley in Sweden (Linn.) Species in wheat in U. 
S. (Garman, Webster). 
Siphonella ; larvae in grasses, also in other plants (Sch.) Two species 
in flower-heads of various Cynerocephale (Egger, v. Frauenf. 
Larvie of one species in worm-eaten nuts, in company with cur- 
culionid larvee (Perris, v. Frauenf ) 
Elachiptera ; pupz on a species in large quantities under the bark of 
old poplars (Sch. ) 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 15 
Gampsocera; larvee in decayed stems of Althea (H. Heeger). 
? Novum genus ; bred in California frora a spider’s egg-mass. 
Fam. EPHYDRID#: 
Halmopota ; larvz in salt-pits (Bouché). 
Ephydra ; larvee in salt-pits (v. Heyden), in salt-pits of Kissingen 
(Diruf). £. californica; \arvee live in great numbers in water 
of alkaline lakes in the south-western U. S. (Packard, Willis- 
ton). “#. hians,; larve in immense numbers in water of Lake 
Tezcuco, in Mexico, and are used by the Mexican Indians as 
food. It may also be mentioned that the larve of E. californica 
are used by the Pah-Utes as food (Williston). 
Teichomyza fusca ; larvee live in urine (Rob. Desv.) 
Fam. DROSOPHILID : 
Aulacigaster ; larvee of only species found in wounds on elm trees 
(L. Dufour). 
Gitona ; larvee of only species live in flower-heads of Sonchus arven- 
sis (Loew), probably also in flower-heads of Onopordon (Sch.) 
Drosophila ; larvee usually in sour-fermented matter, fermented liquids, 
vinegar, decayed fungi, ulcerated wounds of trees, decayed fruits 
(Sch.) . D. ampelophila; larvae in pomace of cider mills, in 
pickled and preserved fruits (Lintner), bred from maggots found 
hollowing out grapes (Forbes). D. gutnaria; bred from a 
mass of cochineal insects (Riley & Howard). Some species 
(Scaptomyza Hardy) are leaf-miners (Sch.) One or more 
species mine turnip leaves in Europe and U. S. (Curtis, Garman). 
? Stegana ; breeding in hen dung (Riley & Howard, Ins. Life, II., 254). 
It is perhaps doubtful whether this fly belonged to the 
Drosophilidae. 
Fam. OCHTHIPHILID# : 
Leucopis ; larvae parasitic (?) on plant lice and scale insects, (?) in 
spiders’ nests (Sch.) JZ. de//uda; reared from cochineal insect 
(Riley & Howard). Leucopis sp.; parasitic (?) on Rhizococcus 
sp. on grasses in Nova Scotia (Fletcher). 
Lestophonus iceryae ; parasitic (?) on Icerya (Riley). 

16 THE CANADIAN ENTCMOLOGIST. 
Fam. MILICHID# : 
Cacoxenus indagator ; larvae live in nests of Osmia emarginata, con- 
suming the food prepared for the Osmia larvae and causing them 
to die (Giraud). Probably found in other bees’ nests (Sch.) 
Fam. AGROMYZID£: 
Agromvyza ; larvae are leaf-miners or live in pith of plants (Sch.) A. 
tritici; bred from larvae crawling in large numbers from un- 
threshed wheat in a barn (Fitch). 
Ceratomyza ; larvae of one species mine leaves of Sonchus oleraceus 
(Sch. ) 
Fam. PHYTOMYZID# : 
Phytomyza ; larvae are leaf-miners (Sch.), some species pupating in 
the parenchyma of the leaf (Chromatomyia Hardy). P. chry- 
santhemi,; larve mine leaves of Chrysanthemum, Tanacetum, 
Eupatorium, Gazania, Helianthus, Cineraria (Lintner). Jf. 
fateralis ; larvae live in heads of Anthemis, Pyrethrum, and in 
stems of Centaurea, Verbena and Urtica (Kaltenbach), mining 
in Sonchus (Gourean). P. flava; \arvae in subcutaneous 
mines in leaves of Scolopendrium vulgare, a fern (Doubleday). 
P. flaviceps ; larvae mine leaves of woodbine (Hal.) PP. obscur- 
ella ; larvae mine leaves of holly (Hal.), in honey suckle (Glover). 
P. nigricornis; larvae mine in underside of leaves of turnip, 
peas, forming long galleries in parenchyma beneath lower cuticle, 
pupating at end of gallery (Curtis), also mine leaves of monks- 
hood, Aconitum (Kaltenbach). 
Fam. BoRBORID#: 
Borborus ; larvae in dung and decayed fungi (Haliday). 
Sphaerocera ; larvae live in horse dung (Sch.) 
Limosina ; larvae of a species in Confervae, in diseased potatoes, and 
in fungi (Sch.) 
Nore.—If any genera whose larval habits are known have been 
omitted, or if any peculiarity in habit of a genus here mentioned is not 
included, the author will be glad to know of the references or observa- 
tions, The list is not supposed to be complete. 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 1 
LARV OF PAPILIO PHILENOR BECOMING LARVO- 
PHAGOUS. 
BY RICHARD E. KUNZE, M. D., NEW VORK. 
**T perish by my art ; dig mine own grave ; 
I spin the thread of life ; my death I weave.” 
Truly wonderful is the adaptability of some individuals when placed 
under circumstances tending to diminish the reproduction of their race. 
Desirous of raising larvae of Papilio philenor, | planted two years ago five 
vines of Dutchman’s Pipe (Av?stolochia sipho) in my back yard, which 
in the summer of the present year (1892) covered a wall and fence 16x7 
feet with luxuriant foliage. 
July 2nd a friend brought me, from Staten Island, N. Y., from 125 to 
150 larve of Philenor. ‘Vhe majority had passed their first, and a few 
their second moult. All were transferred to the leaves of the Dutchman’s 
Pipe vine in my garden plot. By the ninth of July nearly all the leaves 
of my Pipe vines were devoured, before less than half of the leaves were 
full grown. I then removed fifty of the largest to a five-gallon flower pot, 
covering the bottom with a layer of loam, and filling up this breeding 
cage with as many leaves of Aristolochia sipho as it would hold. The pot 
and loam were first well sprinkled with water to furnish moisture for 
stems of Aristolochia vines, and the top covered with thick manilla paper to 
prevent evaporation, inasmuch as the porosity of the cage answered every 
such purpose. Two days later the leaves of breeding cage were all 
devoured, and those on my vines in the garden nearly so. I divided what 
remained of the latter, and gave an equal share to larve in the cage. 
Exactly forty-eight hours afterward the Pipe vines of the garden were 
entirely defoliated, and the larve contained in the flower pot nearly all 
transforming into chrysalids. 
Two days previously I requested my friend, Mr. Ehrenberg, who 
furnished the larve, to procure me a supply of Aristolochia leaves from 
Staten Island, where he officiated as landscape architect at a well-known 
villa, else most of our larvz would perish. In the meantime the owner of 
the villa noticed the foliage of his Avsto/ochia trellis disappearing rapidly, 
caused by the remaining larve which my friend had failed to take off 
tor me. His,(the owner’s) instructions to the resident gardener to keep these 
Jarvee well picked off had not been observed, he thought, while the land- 
scape architect tried to raise a few more chrysalids on the trellis facing the 

Is THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
villa, and suggested to the gardener to defer operations a few days longer. 
The owner, not knowing of our intentions, became vexed and gave an 
Italian labourer a bagfull of sulphur,with orders to dust the Aristolochia with 
it effectually. How well the instruction was carried out may be inferred 
when it is known that those plagued worms, all the remaining foliage and 
much of the grass beneath the vines, were totally destroyed ! 
At the same time, while in expectation of an abundant supply of larval 
food, I had collected from the bare vines, wall and fences of the yard, from 
the passage ways of the house, and wherever they wandered in search of 
food, some sixty hungry larve. These were put into a lady’s large bonnet 
box, and some fifteen different food plants which grew on the premises 
were placed therein to serve that wriggling mass of large black larvee with 
long concolorous tubercles their immediate wants. But touch it they 
would not. On the evening of the ninth of July my friend returned from 
Staten Island without any food piant, and informed me of our misfortune. 
I knew of only two more private places in this city, and another in Astoria, 
Long Island, where 4vistolochia sipho is cultivated. Not being acquainted 
with the owners, I could not obtain a supply. 
The children of neighbours brought me numbers of my Lhd/engr 
larve which had crawled into their yards and gardens. I decided to keep 
only the largest of these famishing larve, thinking to obtain a few more 
chrysalids while waiting for a possible supply of food plant, which, how- 
ever, did not come. All others I gave liberty to go where they pleased. 
Many returned to the bare stem of my Arzstol/ochia, where they nibbled 
at the epidermis of the vines until most had perished. 
Necessity compelled the larvz I had in that bonnet box to become £y- 
tomophagous, so to speak. Nota leafofa plant,shrub or tree,wild or culti- 
vated, would they eat. On the 11th of July I observed several of the 
caged larve had spun a thread of silk across their bodies and were sus- 
pended by their anal hooks from the sides of the cage. A number of 
other hungry larvee were attacking and devouring their own kind which 
were helplessly ‘“‘hung up” and could not escape from the onslaught of 
these carnivorous larve. On the next day I discovered a few chrysalids 
suspended from the box, which during transformation had escaped attack, 
while others were being devoured. But before they hardened sufficiently 
to permit of removal these chrysalids, too, were attacked and converted 
into food! It was a disgusting and repellant sight to witness. From day 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 19 
to day this larval cannibalism continued to enable a number of individuals 
to transform into the second stage. When the chrysalis was not at once 
removed it would soon disappear, excepting only the outer case. Some- 
times 3 or 4 larve would attack a suspended larva at the same time, and 
whenever a dismembered portion of the victim fell to the bottom of the cage 
other larve would seize and devour it. A dozen larve and as many 
chrysalids were eaten up in four days, and not even the skin of a larva 
would remain. Thermometer ranged from 80° to g2° in the shade, but 
no sign of decomposition was noticeable in cage. It was dog eat dog, and 
not even bones left to tell the tale ! 
July the 16th only nine larve were left, and two chrysalids transformed 
the previous day were in an unsightly condition—literally disemboweled. 
All of these larve were very lively, but whenever ready to transform would 
never be more than two-thirds the size of those naturally fed. One more 
unfortunate hung byits anal feet to become thenext victim in order. July the 
1gth three larve were alive, of which one was “spinning the thread of life”. I 
again placed 8 or 10 kinds of food plants in the cage, which in twenty- 
four hours were untouched. One chrysalid was left intact. I now placed 
the remaining two larve on my Aristolochia vines, inasmuch as a new 
growth of leaves was in sight. These immediately fed upon the tender 
food offered. A number of others, barely alive, were nibbling away at 
the bare vines lower down on the plants, and had not yet discovered the 
new foliage. 
Altogether these were a most carnivorous lot of larvae, from which I 
obtained only five chrysalids out of a possible twenty-five larvee retained 
in that cage. From one of these emerged, in September, a ¢ imago of 
the normal colour, but smaller in size. 
I am not aware that larvophagous caterpillars have been reported as oc- 
curring among Rhopalocera. In the American Naturalist, Vol. XX., page 
556, it is stated that a Lyceenid larva of Fentseca tarquinius feeds upon an 
Aphid which is found only on the branches of alder (A/nus serrulata) 
affecting swampy localities. One of my liberated PAz/enor larvee fed upon 
a cultivated plant of Aza/ea indica, which was a potted plant fifteen 
inches in height. I discovered the chrysalid in September, and this was 
the only exception as far as I could discover where these had not fed 
either upon Aristolochia sipho or their own kind, 

0) THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
SYNOPSIS OF THE ASILID GENUS ANISOPOGON. 
BY D. W. COQUILLETT, LOS ANGELES, CAL. 
The following table includes those species of Amzsopogon at present 
Db te 
known to occur in this country north of Mexico :— 
1.—Scutellum (except sometimes its extreme base) black. ae ae 
Scutellum and face ek abdomen yellow, bee with five black 
fasciz, wings pale yellow. eee : ......vespoldes, Bigot 
2.—Abdominal segments one to four Gil ‘Wauke peas eae oS 
Abdominal segments three to six (except sometimes Aner lateral mar- 
Bins), TEACISN Maes owas < Bethe io 2 teat eesti ee a eee eS 
3.—Wings pure peas the cross veins anil areata alone sometimes 
clouded with brown; tibise reddish >< .0506 vue ee sas es ree 
Wings more or less Breen: the apex never Bice a tHOtUS,. NSD: 
: : : ; rik urus, Loew. 
Wings having the apical half blackish........ 2 “ ‘ 
cibbus, Loew. 
4.—Pollen of abdomen extending on the bases of the segments 
eee eee ee See ee ae ..senilis, Bigot. 
Pollen confined to the apices of the segments........./autus, Loew. 
5.—Wings nearly uniform, smoky-gray; head, first two joints of 
antennee, thorax and legs obscure brown...........7ubidus, n. sp. 
Wings smoky-brown, darkest on apical half; head, antenne and 
thorax Dial rie Mace ee oo. Tee genes eta es een eCri ee est 
Anisopogon ludius, n. sp. g.—Black, the tibiz and tarsi dark reddish- 
brown. Face gently convex, white pilose, bristles of lower part black ; 
first joint of antennz slightly ionger than the second, the third joint 
tapering to the tip, three times as long as the second, the style slender, 
seven-eights as long as the third antennal joint ; pile of occiput, thorax, 
pleura, coxz and venter white ; upper side of each front tarsal joint with 
a dense covering of appressed white hairs ; upper side of middle femora 
toward its apex with a dense covering of short appressed black hairs, 
which, however, leave a large elliptical naked space between the apex 
and the middle ; middle tibiae white pilose in front, and above the middle 
ornamented with a large patch of appressed black hairs and bristles, 
which form an inner and an outer fringe; inner side of hind tibiae near 
the tip, and also of the hind metatarsi, densely bright yellow pubescent ; 
wings smoky brown, lightest at the apex and along the hind margin ; all 
posterior and the anal cell open. 
2 as in the male, except that the front tarsi, middle femora and 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ait 
tibiae are not ornamented as in the male, and the wings are much lighter, 
the brown forming a border to some of the veins. Length, 12-16 mm. 
Los Angeles and San Bernardino Counties, California, and British Colum- 
bia. Two males and three females, in May. The British Columbia 
specimen was received from Mr. W. A. Danby. 
This species is closely related to A. senz/is Bigot, but in the latter 
species the wings are wholly hyaline. and the appressed white hairs on the 
front tarsi of the male are confined to the first joint. I have specimens 
of the latter species from Colorado and Florida (Morrison). In both 
species, the colour of the bristles on the head, body and legs is too vari- 
able to be of any value in separating the species. 
Anisopogon rubidus,n. sp. 2.—Obscure brown, the following parts 
black :—The third antennal joint, basal half of style, proboscis, palpi, 
scutellum except its base, first segment of abdomen, basal half of second, 
lateral margins of the others, seventh segment and genitalia largely, apex 
of venter and upper side of each femur, that on the first and second seg- 
ments of abdomen with a strong bluish tinge, brown of abdomen more 
reddish than on the other parts ; thorax irregularly marked with grayish 
black. Head gray pollinose, the pile yellowish-white ; face evenly con- 
vex, the pile extending nearly to base of antennae ; first joint of antennae 
slightly longer than the second ; third joint slightly longer than the first 
two taken together, tapering gradually to the apex, the style two-thirds as 
long as the third joint. ‘Thorax gray and golden pollinose, the pile short, 
sparse, mixed black and white ; pleura gray pollinose, its pile and that of 
the coxae white, the fan-like pile in front of halteres also white. Pile of 
abdomen sparse, microscopic, light-coloured, that on lateral margins and 
on venter longer, whitish. Pile of legs sparse, whitish, that on tarsi and 
tips of tibiae largely black. Wings smoky gray, all posterior cells and 
the anal cell open. 
d same as the 9, except that the middle femora have each a cluster 
of black pile at its apex in front and two similar fringe-like clusters, one 
on the upper. the other on the lower surface at its last third, and above 
the middle of each middle tibia are two long dense fringes of black pile 
on its inner and outer sides, connected with each ‘other in front ; front 
metatarsi destitute of appressed white pile. Length, 14 to 17 mm. Los 
Angeles County, Cal. Four females and one male. 
Anisopogon patruelis, n. sp. g Y .—Same as the above description of 
rubidus, With these exceptions :---Head, antennae, thorax, scutellum and 

Ze THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
femora, except the apex, black ; apical third of the first abdominal seg- 
ment and the apical three-fourths of the second segment reddish in the 
female, but black in the male. Style one and a-fourth times as long as 
the third antennal joint. Wings smoky brown, lighter on the base as far 
as the furcation of the second and third veins; a lighter transverse shade 
passes through the middle of the discal cell. Front metatarsi of the 
male densely covered with appressed white hairs above. Length, 13 to 
16mm. ‘Texas. <A single male and temale received from the late H. K. 
Morrison. 
THE LARVA AND CHRYSALIS OF CHRYSOPHANDS DIONE. 
Some time ago Mr. Henry G. Willard, of Grinnell, Iowa, very kindly 
sent me some of the full grown larve of this species. I made a few 
notes at the time which may be of use, owing to the fact that nothing has 
been published in regard to the early stages of this butterfly. The food 
plant at the home of the insect is Rumex dongifolius, but they readily ate 
our common species of dock found here. The full grown larva were 
onisciform in shape, grass greenin colour, and 20 mm. in length. Most 
of them had a narrow, claret-coloured dorsal stripe, and the entire body, 
under a glass, was seen to be clothed with minute black hairs. The larva 
is of the same general appearance as that of Chirysophanus hypophleas, 
but larger. The chrysalis is the same shape as most others in the 
Lyceenidz, and looks very much like Scudder’s figure of the chrysalis-of 
E. thoe. In colour the chrysalis is a light hay colour, and the dorsal 
abdominal segments are heavily marked with blackish blotches. The 
dorsal thoracic segments are peppered with black spots. The wing 
covers are lightest in colour of any part, but are also peppered with the 
fine black points. The head, eyes and shoulder-joints are covered with 
black blotches. One chrysalis, which I think was entirely green and with. 
out the black markings, disclosed a C. ¢hoe, but I did not notice any 
difference in the larva I had, so I conclude the larvae of the two species 
look very much alike. Mr. Willard could perhaps give us something 
interesting about the times of appearance and habits of this butterfly, as 
it is common in his locality. 
Henry SKINNER, M.D., Philadelphia, 

THE CANADIAN EN'TOMOLOUIS'. 25 
NOTES ON ZARAIA AMERICANA.—CRESS, 
BY REV. THOMAS W. FYLES, SOUTH QUEBEC. 
The young larva of Zarwa Americana appears in the beginning of 
July on ALenyanthes trifoliata. It lies curled on the underside of the 
leaf. Its head is black, and its body lead-colour above and greenish- 
white beneath. It develops ‘into the most beautiful Jarva of any of the 
Tenthredinidae that I am acquainted with. 
Description of the full-grown larva.—Length one and a-quarter 
inches. Head black. Body above lead colour—excepting the anal seg- 
ment, which is greenish white. The underside and the legs are greenish- 
white. The forelegs are tipped with black. Along the back are eleven 
pairs of raised and conspicuous bright yellow spots. Between the pairs, 
and on either side of them, are conspicuous jet-black spots, which, taken 
with the yellow ones, form rows across the back. ‘There are other rows 
of smaller black and fpade-yellow spots—two after each row of the larger 
ones. The side lines are white. Above these lines, on the margin of 
the lead-colour, is a row of black dots. Beneath them, just above the 
legs, isa series of raised yellow spots—each spot being surmounted by 
one or two black dots. 
The larvae were plentiful in one spot, but could hardly be said 
to be gregarious, as only one or two were to be found on a plant. 
Towards the end of July the larva spins around itself a closely woven, 
dark-brown cocoon. In the spinning it usually gathers several leaves of 
the plant about it. The larva remains unchanged in the cocoon till 
spring, when it assumes the, pupal state. The fly makes its appearance 
in the middle of May. 
Description of the perfect insect.—In length the fly measures about 
nine-twentieths of an inch; and in expanse of wings about eighteen” 
twentieths. The antennae are dark brown, six-jointed and clavated. 
The wings are faintly clouded with brown. ‘The head and thorax are 
dark brown and hairy. The abdomen, which is oval in outline, is of a 
rich velvety-brown above, with a slightly bronzy-green lustre. The 
colour fades into light reddish-brown on the sides and on the two last 
segments. ‘The underside of the abdomen is pale brown. ‘The tibiae 
and tarsi are white, and have a waxen appearance. ‘The fly seems to be 
somewhat sluggish in its habits. 
I am indebted to Mr. E. T. Cresson for the identification of the 
insect. 

24 Hk CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGISY. 
A NEW FORM OF PRIONIA, AND NOTES ON PLATYPTERYX 
ARCUATA AND P. GENICULA. 
BY GEORGE H. HUDSON, STATE NORMAL SCHOOL, PLATTSBURGH, N. Y. 
Prionia levis, 0. var, or sp. 
Primaries without the delicate frosted- or silvery appearance, and 
without the numerous short, fine, strigate, brown lines of dz/:neata. The 
brown scales are present, but are uniformly and evenly distributed, save 
where they form the two brown lines which cross the wing, and a little 
darker shading near the outer edge and apex. ‘These two transverse lines 
are about a third wider apart than in éz/7veata, the second narrowly edged 
externally with the clear, pale vellow ground-colour of the wing. There 
is no brown submarginal line, but a wavy, pale yellow line runs from inner 
margin to costa, midway between the second line and the outer margin. 
The vestiture appears to be more dense and smooth than in the allied 
form. Both primaries and secondaries seem to have a more decided 
ochreous tint. 
Underside with markings more obscured. 
Described from one male taken Aug. 13, 1887, and one female taken 
Aug. 3. 1890; both from the electric lights. 
This may prove to be a seasonal form of bilineata. My dates of capture 
for the latter, since 1886, are as follows (the figure after the hyphen giving 
the number of specimens). May 8, 10-2, 15-3, 19; June 16, 22-2, 30. 
Mr. H. G. Dyar, while here last summer, suggested that this new form 
might be tne one which the late Mr. Hy, Edwards (Can. Ent , XIX, 146) 
referred to P. lacertinaria, Linn. (=/acertu/a, Den. and Scheiff.). Both 
P. bilineata and P. Zevis are distinct from the European form, although 
very closely allied to it. Mr. Dyar also called my attention to the fact 
that this form seems to vary somewhat after the manner of Platypteryx 
genicula from P. arcuata, as pointed out by Dr. Packard in * Proceedings 
of the Boston Soc. Nat. Hist.”, Vol. XXIV., page 491, 1890. We 
separated the two forms and then looked up the dates of capture, with 
results as follows :— 
Platypteryx arcuata.—May 10-2, 11, 16-2, 19, 21-2, 24; June 1-2, 
3,93 July 27. 
P. genicula.—Julv 7, 13, 27-3, 28-2, 31-2; Aug. 2-4, 3-2, 14. 

i 
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 25 
FEMALE OF CROCOTA ROSA, FRENCH. 
BY G. H. FRENCH, CARBONDALE, ILL. 
In describing this species in Vol. XXII, page 133, of the CANADIAN 
Entromovoaist, I had before me two males, one from Texas and one from 
Ohio. I have now before me a fine fresh female from Champaign, IIl., 
the first of this sex I have seen, and I will give here some additional 
characters of the species. The forewings are fawn, a little darker than in 
the type, but the latter was evidently a little faded. The hindwings have 
a few dusky scales in the outer border near the anal angle. On the fore- 
wings the veins are a trifle darker than the spaces between the veins, but 
only from the wing being thicker here. Antennae a shade darker than the 
forewings; a semiring back of the eyes that is red tinted, as also the 
underside of the palpi; upper side of tibiae a little more red tinted. 
Abdomen above concolorous with the hindwings, an obscure row of dorsal 
dusky spots ; whole of underside of body concolorous with upper side 
of forewings. 
CORRESPONDENCE. 
A CORRECTION. 
Sir,—On page 225, Can. Ent., 1892, I described a new Bombycid 
genus, 4/e/ia. Finding that this name is preoccupied, I have changed 
it to Eumed/ia, calling the insect proper Zumelia Danby:, Neum. 
B. NEUMOEGEN. 
HONEY-BEE OR HOUSE-FLY. 
Sir,—The November number of your journal contains upon its first 
and second pages some rather misleading comments on an article of mine 
in Scienee, of April 29. There was nothing in the article to justify the 
intimation that I had arranged any insects in a “linear series.” The 
article was in the main a re-statement of Hyatt and Arms’s view of the 
systematic position of the Diptera. To this I added several considerations 
tending to reinforce their conclusions. I referred to their placing “the 
Hymenoptera second and the Lepidoptera third,” but this does not 
necessarily imply anything “ linear.” See their book “ Insecta.” 
So far am I from holding the views imputed to me that I prefer not to 
regard any of the groups as representing ‘“ parallel branches,” believing 
that ‘‘we should make an effort to avoid the expression of lineal rank in 
groups of animals.” 

26 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
I purposely based my conclusions upon anatomy alone, because, as I 
said, “to introduce the subject of instinct or of usefulness to man, is to 
confuse our ideas, for we cannot translate the data furnished by such a 
criterion into terms of the other standard.” Judged from that position, it 
is very much out of the way to assert that.‘‘ mere specialization is never 
a test of rank in itself.” All that I tried to show was that, anatomically 
considered, the Diptera are the most highly specialized order. 
I trust that it is not out of place to add that the author of one of our 
principal introductions to entomology, a man whose opinions have as 
great weight as anyone’s in this country, informed his class in entomology 
last summer that he had come to the conclusion that the Diptera are the 
highest order. I was so informed by one of his students. 
J. M. ALDRICH. 
Brookings, South Dakota, Nov. 11, 1892. 
NOTES. 
MELANCHROIA CEPHISE, HUBN 
The genus A/e/anchroia has been associated in our lists with Guophaela 
to form a family Pericopide. As a matter of fact it isa veritable geometer, 
with little more relation to Guopfae/a than is expressed in the statement 
that both are Macro-Heterocera! ‘This has, indeed, been recognized in 
Europe, and Mr. Butler, when identifying my specimens as JZ. cephise, 
added the remark ‘ belongs to the geometrites ”. 
M. cephise is very common in Kingston, Jamaica, and on Aug. 5, last 
year, Mr. Bowrey kindly gave me a number of the larvae. ‘These were 
of the usual form of geometrid larvae, and from them I drew up the 
following description :— 
M. cephise: Larva about 22 mill. long, body smooth, with a few short 
hairs, which are hardly visible without a glass. Head yellow-brown, the 
mouth parts dark. Thoracic legs yellow-brown. Abdominal legs tinged 
yellow brown. Body pale yellow, with a black ring on each segment, 
which extends downwards only as far as the infraspiracular line (except 
that on the 4th body segment, which is continuous below). These rings 
are broad on the 4th to 8th body segments, but rather narrow on the 
others. There is a longitudinal, narrow black subdorsal line, and a black 
infraspiracular line, which broadens into triangles (which are spotted with 
white) at the junctions with the black rings. The edges of all these black 
bands are whitish. 
The very young larvae are marked in similar way to those which are 
mature. The pupa is brown and rather shiny. The moths began to 
emerge on Aug. 15th. TaD sa. COCKERERL, 
Institute of Jamaica, Kingston, Jamaica. 

a A 
bo 
<I 
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
HALISIDOTA MACULARIA, WALK. 
I find on further search that A. macularia, Walk. (see Can. ENT. 
Vol. XXIV., p. 306), is made a synonym of Alpenus maculosus, Stoll., 
whose habitat is given as West Africa. The citation of it from North 
America can only be the result of an error. The occurrence of Hadis:dota 
megapyrrha, Walk. (= Ammalo helops, Cram.), is also doubtful, though 
not so much so, as its home is in Surinam. 
Harrison G. Dyar, Roxbury, Mass. 
ASTATUS BICOLOR, SAY. 
In the excellent synopsis of the difficult genus Astatus, by Dr. William 
J. Fox, published in the September number of this journal, I believe that 
gentleman to be in error as to his identification of A. dcolor, Say. This 
is an undersized species, not uncommon in Illinois, having the stigma and 
the contiguous portion of the submarginal vein of a yellowish rufous 
colour—‘ pale rufous”, Say writes—and not black, as Dr. Fox states ; the 
legs black, as usual. The species described by Dr. Fox as new, under 
the name pygidialis, appears from the description to agree closely with 
bicolor, scarcely differing except in the rufo-testaceous colour of the legs 
and on the clypeus and antennal scape, which parts are black in dzcodor. 
It is possibly an extreme variety of the latter species. I would arrange 
the synonymy of this group as follows :— 
ASTATUS RUFIVENTRIS, Cress. 
Orupiuentris, Cress. Trans. Amer.-Ent..Soc. 1V., p. 218. 
bicolor, Fox. Can. Ent. XXIV., p. 232. 
A. BICOLOR, Say. 
2 6 bicowor, Say. Lec. Ed., 1., p. 166. 
terminata, Cress. Trans. Amer. Ent..Soc. IV., p. 219. 
A. PYGIDIALIS, Fox. 
pygidialis, Fox. Can. Ent, XXIV., p. 234. (?=var. of dzcolor. 
Cuartes A. Hart, Champaign, Ill. 
BOOK NOTICES. 
HistorRE NATURELLE DES ARAIGNEES: Deuxitme Edition, Par Eugéne 
Simon : Librairie Encyclopédique de Roset, Paris, 1892. 
The first portion of Vol. I. of this most important work has just 
appeared (pp. 1-256). The work will be divided into four parts : 
1. External Anatomy; 2. Classification; 4. Biology; 4. Geographical 
Distribution. Simon arranges the known spiders of the world in 41 
families ; three families under the suborder Aranee theraphose ; the 
remaining families under Aranee vere; the latter is divided into two 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
b 
we) 
sections—the Cribe//ate, with eight families, the Aer7be//ate, with thirty 
families. ‘This portion of Vol. I. contains the External Anatomy and the 
classification of the Aranee theraphose and the Cribed/ate section of the 
Aranee vere. The text is illustrated with outline figures. There is no 
key to the families, but under each family there is a key to the genera, 
after which follow descriptions of the genera and various remarks. The 
descriptions of the genera and the keys are in Latin ; the rest in French. 
Although the classification will, of course, change from time to time, this 
work will be for many years to come a most important work for arachnolo- 
gists, and should be found in every college library throughout the world. 
N. B. 
A SynonyMIC CATALOGUE OF LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA (MoruHs) by 
W. F. Kirby, F.tk S., F.. Ho Se ete,.cte.7. Volo, Sphinges and 
3ombyces. London: Gurney and Jackson, 1 Paternoster Row: 1892. 
This forms a large volume of 950 pages, including the Sphinges and 
Bombyces of the world, and brought down to May 1, 1892. ‘There are 
twenty-nine families recognized, of which the Sphingide form the twenty- 
first, preceded by the Notodontide and followed by the Bombycide. 
The Castniidz head the list, including as the only North American species, 
the genus Megathymus, heretofore classed among the butterflies. The 
genus Lagoa, which Dr. Packard has recently proposed should form the 
type of a new family, is placed in the Liparide, between Parorgyia and 
Orgyia, a most peculiar location. A number of names, long since referred 
to the synonymy, reappear under their original generic titles in a very mis- 
leading manner, as, for example, Arctia bimaculata Saunders, placed be- 
tween 4. fpadlida Stets. and A. Vazs Dru., in the genus Apantesis Walk. 
One would hardly look for Cvocata guinaria here. On page 36 is a 
curious error, whereby the noctuid genus Awedwardsia, Grote, proposed 
for Xauthotrix Neumoegeni, Hy. Edw., is made to stand for Adwardsia 
brillians, Neum. <As_ both generic names are thus pre-occupied, 
the Agaristid genus may be knownas Eupseudomorpha But errors of this 
kind are hard to avoid in a work of the size of this one ; and the arrange- 
ment of the moths of the world under a uniform system of classification 
makes possible a revision of our North American species to correspond 
with it. The correction of certain errors in the location of species, with 
which Mr. Kirby is necessarily autoptically unacquainted, can easily be 
made, and Mr. Neumoegen and myself have already started on this work. 
Harrison G. Dyar. 
Mailed January 5th. 

The anatltany Entomologist 
VOL. XXV. LONDON, FEBRUARY, 1893. IN\OF--2: 
CANADIAN HYMENOPTERA—No. 2. 
BY W. HAGUE HARRINGTON, OTTAWA. 
COLEOCENTRUS CANADENSIS, N. sp. 
Female.—Length, 20 mm. Black, with red legs. Head transverse, 
as wide as thorax ; cheeks as wide as eyes ; face slightly swollen below 
antennee, clothed with short pubescence, and with the inner orbits faintly 
yellowish below ; palpi and inner edges of mandibles and labrum rufous ; 
vertex and cheeks polished, the area of the ocelli without noticeable de- 
pressions or sutures; antenne long and moderately thick, the joints 
about forty and subsequal. Thorax polished above; the lobes of the 
mesothorax prominent, the central sulcate; pleuree and pectus rugose 
or subaciculate, but without definite striz ; scutellum moderately large 
and elevated ; metathorax with acute carine ; the area enclosed by the 
two discal carinz about twice as long as wide; in the area enclosed by 
the two lateral carine the elongate spiracle may be plainly seen almost 
in centre; the areas between lateral and discal caring transversely 
rugose ; legs slender with robust cox, entirely rufous with exception of 
hinder tibie and tarsi, which are somewhat brownish ; wings faintly 
yellowish, stigma and nervures brown, areolet small, triangular and 
pedicellate, receiving the recurrent nervure at outer angle. Abdomen 
sessile, robust, brown rather than black: first segraent twice as long as 
wide, not much expanded posteriorly, faintly sulcate above, with indis- 
tinct lateral carine ; remaining segments shorter, subequal, margined at 
apex (except last) with pale yellow ; the terminal segment compressed 
new ed so as to partly embrace the ovipositor; ventral scale very 
large, partly covering three apical segments ; ovipositor as long as body, 
piceous, the sheaths piceous black, very finely pubescent. 
Captured at Casselman, about thirty miles south-west from Ottawa, on 
the 26th June, 1883. 

50 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
I have much pleasure in describing this insect, as the species of 
Coleocentrus are rare in collections. All the American forms have been 
described from Canada, and so far these insects seem to have been 
found, with one excepticn, only in our territories. 
During a visit to Sudbury, on the 16th of last June, with Mr. Fletcher, 
we were so fortunate as to take five examples of the fine species described 
by Mr. Cresson in Vol. I., page 35, of the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, and 
named after Mr. Pettit. I find no record of its occurrence during the 
score of years which has since elapsed, and the two females taken by 
Mr. Fletcher and the three males which I secured are therefore highly 
prized. The females were flying near the ground among the fallen 
timber, upon which they were also seen to alight, and in addition to 
those captured two or three escaped owing to the rough nature of the 
ground. The males were hovering about bushes, and were not at first 
recognized as belonging to this genus, as they differ so much in the shape 
of the abdomen and in method of flight) A female was also taken by 
Mr. Evans during our stay witn him. As the male has not been 
described, if indeed previously captured, I append its description in such 
characters as it differs from the female. 
COLEOCENTRUS PETTITII, Cress. : 
Male.—Length, 17 to 20 mm. Black, shining. Face below antenne, 
scape of antenne beneath and palpi yellow. Antennz black, nearly as 
long as the body, the joints both longer and more numerous than in 
2. Legs varying slightly in colour but much paler than those of ?; the 
anterior and middle legs, including the tips of cox, are almost yellow, 
as also the posterior tarsi; posierior femora and tibiz pale rufous, with a 
more or less defined black stripe down the tibiz behind. Abdomen 
slender and compressed laterally, as in some Ophionids ; the first seg- 
ment much narrower than in the 2; the apex of the last dorsal segment 
shaped asin 9. 
The posterior tibize of the females are not black as in the specimen 
described by Cresson, but rufous or brownish with a black line externally, 
as inthe ¢. 
Our species may be tabulated as follows :— 
Head, thorax and abdomen mostly rufous......... C. rufus, Prov.” 
Head and thorax black ; abdomen black or brownish. 
Antenne with yellowish annulus.,..........C. mellipes, Prov, 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 31 
Antenne black. 
Legs, including cox, brownish fulvous.. C. occidentalis,Cress. 
ees Turous,,coxce: black... Aeeaets «cit mein Ge Leltitit: Cress. 
Megs rufolis,coxce LUfOUS: Bee asst se «GC. Canadensis, n, sp. 
Of the above species, occidentalis is recorded from Vanc. Island, and 
has been taken in California by Mr. Koebele ; med/ifes from the Rocky 
Mountains ; rufus from Quebec (?), and Peftit/? and Canadensis from 
Ontario. 
Another fine genus of the Pimpline is Ecthrus, the species of which 
in general appearance much resemble those of Coleocentrus. The 
females, however, may be readily distinguished by the absence of the 
large ventral scale, and by their inflated anterior tibie. The shape of the 
areolet and of the last dorsal segment of the abdomen will separate the 
males. 
ECTHRUS RUFOPEDIBUS. N. Sp. 
Female. Length, 20 mm. Black, with red legs. Head entirely 
black ; face rugosely punctured and opaque ; cheeks and vertex polished, 
but distinctly punctate ; labrum and mandibles polished ; palpi black ; 
antenne long and slender: third, fourth, and fifth joints long, subequal, a 
white annulus extending from middle of sixth joint nearly to apex of 
tenth. Thorax immaculate ; lobes of mesothorax prominent, polished 
and punctate, as is also scutellum; pleura and metathorax coarsely 
rugosely sculptured, posterior transverse carina of metathorax distinct, but 
areas of disc not clearly defined ; wings sub-hyaline, nervures and stigma 
black, areolet large, pentagonal ; cox, trochanters and femora rufous, 
front tibiae inflated, white, their tarsi almost rufous, middle tibiz and tarsi 
brownish, the posterior tibiz and tarsi black. Abdomen stout, basal seg- 
ments strongly punctured, the first without distinct carinw ; ovipositor as 
long as body, rufous, sheaths black, scarcely pubescent. 
This fine species was captured by Mr. Winn at Montreal on the 14th 
June, 1890. 
I have prepared the following table for convenience in separating the 
twelve species of the genus. 
FEMALES. 
PINGS SINOkY Vota eeEy << i... Gee ae esl wa ea emanres Cress. 
Wings banded. 
Legs rufous... 00.5...... eavcs.. 0B. nubtlipennts, Cress. 
Tree SAG ic ice ian, . Gane os is yd wives Seeetoses,y Prov, 

ae THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
Wings hyaline, or subhyaline. 
AbGOMED Ted c...< 0s 0a owes ck aeviea t Loe, Gado melee ess: 
Abdomen red and black...............4. Provancheri, Prov. 
Abdomen black and white..............4. pediculatus, Prov. 
Abdomen black. 
Antenne brown, anterior coxee biack.... rubripes, Prov. 
Antenne black, anterior coxe red.. . 2. nigricornis, Prov. 
Antenne annulate with white. 
Ovipositor long. 
bews blacker ‘(congo .£. niger, Cress. 
Legesed: \2abaxicon E. gn n. sp. 
Ovipositor short. 
° First abdominal segment carinate, 
me ££. annulicornis, Walsh. 
First bdownnal segment not carinate, 
.£.. canadensis, Prov. 
MALES. 
Abdomen réd oss 25..002: a3. + Seen oh eee ee Qbaominalzs. Cress: 
Abdomen black. 
Mees DIGOK +5 2% ¢c:ci0 5... Serameon at dan Sa eee Teer ee 
TsO STEW poo 5 Gs 9-4 + Dee be Seta) TAO ear Seco 
Two of the species are described from the United States, viz., 
annudicornis from Illinois and xudbidépennis from the Rocky Mountains in 
Colorado. Ottawa has furnished two, viz.,; z/ger and abdominalis com- 
municated to Mr. Cresson by the late Mr. Billings, and described 
Can. Ent., Vol. I, page 37. Of the former of these, zzgev, I have taken 
4 9? andi ¢, and have found the female ovipositing in decaying maples 
in June. Provancher also records this species from St. Hyacinthe, Que. 
The second, addominalis, 1 have not succeeded in finding here yet, but 
I was so fortunate as to take a fine female at Sudbury on the occasion of 
the visit already mentioned. I have also received this species from Rev. 
G. W. Taylor, of Victoria, B.C., and his specimen agrees in every particular 
with that from Sudbury. The species mazurus (doubtfully referred to 
this genus by Cresson) was described from Victoria, and Provancheri 
was also obtained by Mr. Brodie from Vancouver. The species now 
described, ru/fofedibus, is from Montreal, and the remaining species, all 
described by Provancher, are presumably aiso from the Province of 
Quebec. 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. oo 
SYNOPSIS “OF “THE ASILID)} GENUS -BLACODES. 
BY D. W. COQUILLETT, LOS ANGELES, CAL. 
Up to the present time but a single species of Blacodes has been 
described from the United States: &. de//us, Loew, from Texas. I give 
herewith descriptions of three other species, and present a table to aid 
in identifying them :— 
1 Wings largely hyaline, abdomen and femora black 
Wings black, abdomen and femora red ............ Seasecneer ae bellus Lw. 
2 Thorax destitute of a crest of hairs, scutellum bearing only two 
bristles, tibiz vellow...... ae caaeeS BO rn epee 
Thorax furnished with a crest of hairs, scutellum bearing four bristles, 
billas Blacher see cteciet ins Sac hihs ss » aebaetemnaieniotaradtacts se scl OF STONE SeuTN A SD: 
3 Anal cell open, second submarginal cell appendiculate 
palcieie Or pre sinisiale <i) sleisinineis'es Wise roe =n: seevee cesccceess soosevseslIUNCUS, N. SP. 
Anal cell closed, second submarginal cell not appendiculate 
weer eee se ee eee 
Seats iNaisids «oases Seatee ati eemace ene SCL CUSUS ms SD: 
Blacodes cristatus, 0. sp., 2. 
Wholly black, the tibize slightly piceous. Head light gray pollinose, 
that in middle of the front dark brown ; face moderately convex, mystax 
black and white, very dense and extending nearly to the antenne; first 
joint of antenne slightly longer than the second ; third joint lanceolate, 
three times as long as the second joint ; style slender, slightly over half 
as long as the third joint. Thorax very convex, gray pollinose and 
marked with a broad blackish-brown geminate median stripe, which is 
considerably dilated outwardly behind the middle ; on each side of this 
stripe is a broad, irregular, blackish-brown stripe extending but little in 
front of the middle of the dorsum ; the median brown stripe bears num- 
erous black and light yellow pile, which, on the anterior portion, forms 
a nearly erect crest ; bristles of thorax black and light yellow; pleura 
mottled light gray and dark brown pollinose, the pile white ; the fan-like 
row of bristles in front of the halteres is white. Scutellum brown polli- 
nose and densely white pilose, the four marginal bristles black. Metano- 
tum shining black, a large silvery white spot each side. Abdomen 
shining bluish-black, marked with light gray pollen as follows: A spot on 
sides of first segment, a transverse anterior and two posterior lateral 

9 
o THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOG!ST. 
oblique spots on each remaining segment, the anterior spot obsolete on 
the last two segments, the posterior spots uniting with the gray lateral 
margin except on the second segment, each extending obliquely inward 
from the posterior angle of the segment and reaching at least a third of 
the distance across the segment, those on the sixth segment united ; pile 
of dorsum very short, sparse, depressed, mostly light yellowish, that of 
the sides and venter longer and white. Pile of legs white, the bristles 
light yellow ; front and lind tibiz and their metatarsi densely bright 
yellow pubescent within; spur of front tibiz rather slender, middle 
tibiz also furnished with a strong, nearly straight black spur at the tip 
within. Wings pure hyaline, the extreme apex gray, a large brown cloud 
on veins at bases of the first and second submarginal cell, of each pos- 
terior cell and of the discal cell; all posterior and the anal cell open, 
second submarginal cell destitute of a stump of a vein. Halteres black. 
Length, 11 mm. Ventura County, Cal. A single specimen, in April. 
Blacodes truncus, .s8p., ¢ ¢. 
Same as cristatus, described above, with these exceptions: Tibie, 
extreme apex of femora, and base of each joint of the tarsi, yellow. 
Pollen of front light gray, mystax very sparse, white ; third joint of 
antenne almost linear, nearly four times as long as the second. Thorax 
destitute of a medium crest of pile, scutellum not densely pilose, bearing 
only two marginal bristles, metanotum uniformly gray pollinose, destitute 
of silvery spots. Pollen of abdomen, consisting of an anterior cross band 
on each segment, dilated each side so as to reach the posterior angle of 
the segment. Brown clouds on wings very faint ; base of second sub- 
marginal cell furnished with a long stump of a vein. Halteres yellow. 
Length, 9 mm. Los Angeles County, Cal. Two males and two females. 
Blacodes clausus,. sp. ¢ @. 
Differs from ¢runcus only as follows: In the female the pollen on 
the abomen is much more extended, covering nearly the entire dorsum, 
but in the male it is confined to the anterior end and sides of each seg- 
ment, that on the sides being greatly dilated inward at the posterior 
corner of each segment. Base of second submarginal cell destitute of a 
stump of a vein; anal cell closed and short petiolate ; brown clouds of 
wings obsolete or wanting. Length, 7 tog mm. Orange County, Cal, 
Three males and six females. 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 85 
—$—$—$— $$ $$$ —____ — ——— 
NOTES ON SOME INJURIOUS INSECTS OF TEXAS. 
BY F. M. WEBSTER, WOOSTER, OHIO. 
The following fragmentary contributions to a knowledge of a few of 
the destructive insects of this most interesting State are given here, not 
so much on account of their present individual value, as for the purpose 
of drawing attention to the riches in store for the entomological worker 
who may drift within its borders. In new countries travellers, in 
passing through, blaze or bark a tree here and there along the way to 
guide those who may follow after. These notes may be but blazes, but 
if they prove of aid to others in the future, they will have served their 
mission. The major portion of the material for this notice has been sent 
me from time to time by my friend, Prof. Geo. W. Curtis, of the A. & M. 
College, while others have been received from various other correspond- 
ents. To these I have occasionally added some of my own observations, 
when they seemed to augment the value of those made by others. 
Early in May I received a number of twigs of Fig, in which were 
burrowing numerous larve and adult beetles. Of these last there were 
Amphicerus bicaudatus, Say, Trogoxylon prrallelopipedum, Mels., and a 
single Szzoxylon basilare, Say. The Zrogoxylon have continued to 
appear throughout the summer up to date (Sept. 29), while one of the 
larvee of Siwoxylon has only transformed to an adult within the last few 
days. As I saw adults on Mesquite, burrowing into the wood, in Llano 
County, in March,* it would appear that their season of appearance is 
somewhat protracted, especially as I have since reared them from this 
same lot of Fig twigs in May, June, August and September. 
In April, specimens of Blapstinus auripilis, Horn, were sent me from 
the vicinity of Galveston, where they were said to be destroying 
watermelon vines, the beetles being found in great numbers on 
the ground beneath the vines, while the plants withered and died. The 
beetles were alive when received, and, having no melon vines, I placed 
them on cucumber, which they refused, but ate the young plants of 
Polygonum which were growing among them. ‘The accusation in regard 
to the destruction of melons, however, will need to be sustained by fur- 
ther observation, as they might have died from some bacterial or other 
disease, the beetles, though present, having nothing to do with the disease. 
Chinch bugs, B/issus leucopterus, Say, were reported abundant in the 
central southern portion of the State in April, but I have no information 
*JInsect Life. 3, 454. 

36 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
of any serious depredations later in the season. An attack on Alfalfa 
was reported, but, unfortunately, the cause of the trouble was lost in 
transit, and I can only suspect, from the nature of its work, that it was 
some species of lepidoptera, probably a Pyralid, though I hardly think it 
could be Hurycreon rantalis. The method of attack on Alfalfa resembles 
that of the Parsnip web-worm, Defressaria heracliana, De G., on 
parsnip, in that the terminal leaves and stems of the plant are drawn to- 
gether and held by a web, and within the enclosure thus formed the 
caterpillar evidently lives, feeding from the tender growth, thereby dwarf- 
ing the plants. Prof. Townsend, of Las Cruces, New Mexico, writes me 
of reports of similar injury in that section of the country, but he has not 
yet been able to secure specimens of the depredator, 
Considerable injury to the Pecan was reported, and specimens of the 
depredator were sent with samples of the injured Pecans. But, again, the 
pests escaped, probably to the mail sack, that bourne from which no 
entomologist’s treasures ever return. The worms were reported as caus- 
ing the shuck enveloping the nut to mould and drop off the tree before 
they were full grown, thereby rendering them valueless. In Insect Life, 
vol. 4, p. 78, mention is made of a probabiy undescribed species’ of 
Phycitid, whose larvze are said to attack the buds of Pecan in early spring. 
These were sent from the vicinity of Brownwood, Texas, June 17, while 
the specimens intended for me were collected with the injured nuts, 
September 14. Whether or not there is any connection between the two 
remains to be learned. ; 
The Angoumois Grain Moth, Svtotroga ( Gelechia) cerealella, Oliv., is 
an every year pest, both in the field and among stored grain. My old 
experiments, with heat, made ten years ago, and before the use of carbon 
bisulphide came into application in destroying grain-infesting insects, are 
less practical than is the use of this fluid drug. ‘The same measure may 
be used against the Rice Weevil, Calandria oryse, which appears to be 
especially abundant among stored corn, and is, so far as my correspond- 
ence and personal observation goes, tie grain weevil of Texas. 
The Bag Worm or Basket Worm appears to be exceedingly numerous 
the present season in various portions of the State, and the same may be 
said of Southern Ohio. Of five sent me from Texas, August ir, and 
placed on trees in my yard, four soon clustered together and spun their 
fastenings to the same twig, while the fifth amused me by wandering 
about in a dissatisfied sort of way, and finally going off by itself to an 
adjacent limb, to which it immediately attached itself permanently. 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ot 
THE LARVA, OF THEFeCLISIOCAMP.As. 
BY HARRISON G DYAR, ROXEURY, MASS. 
As has been shown by Mr. R_ H. Stretch, the North American species 
of Clisiocampa are best separated by larval characters, and this paper 
will deal chiefly with them. I refer to Mr. Stretch’s paper in volume I. 
of Papilio, which contains about all that has been known regarding the 
species. 
There are two pretty well defined groups. The first contains C. 
disstria, C. erosa and C. thoracica, and the second the remaining species. 
The first are not nest-spinning species ; the larve rest in bunches on the 
trunk without covering. The second, with the possible exception of 
C. constricta, of which I have seen no nest, and of C. zucurva. the larva 
of which is unknown, are all nest-spinning. Their webs are formed in 
forks of the smaller branches or twigs, as in the well-known C. americana 
of the Atlantic States. The Eastern region, from the eastern slope of 
the Rockies to the Atlantic, has two species, one belonging to each 
group, namely, @sstria and americana. The Pacific Northwest, from the 
Cascade Mountains to the Pacific, has also two, one to each group, viz., 
erosa and pluviadis; but the latter, which takes the place of americana, 
is not its representative, as evosa is of désstria. The central arid region 
has but one species at present known to me, unless éwcurva, described 
from Arizona, be found throughout the range of fragilis. C. fragilis is 
the only species not a tree feeder, and this habit has evidently been 
induced by the absence of deciduous trees in its habitat. California has 
four species, all endemic, unless it be that ¢horacica is the same as evosa 
of Oregon. Prof. Rivers’s description recalls evosa most vividly, but he 
makes no mention of the broad subdorsal blue band so distinct in the 
larva of erosa. 
§1. Group a@sstria. 
CLISIOCAMPA DISSTRIA, Hiibner. 
1797---Smith & Abbot, Lep. Ins.,Ga., n. 117, tab. LIX. (as P. meustria.) 
1816—Hiubner, Verz. Bck. Schm., p. 192, No. 1975. 
1889—Hy. Edw., Bull. 35, U. S. N. M. (26 references). 
sylvatica, Harris. 
1841—Harris, R. Ins., 271. 
adrupacearum, Boisduval. 
1869—Boisd., Ann. Ent. Soc. Belg., xii., 82, 

38 tHE CANADIAN EN'TOMOLOUISY. 
Larva.—Black, with ten elliptical white spots on the back, one on each 
segment, except at the extremities ; a sub-dorsal reddish line ; laterai area 
largely blue gray, becoming paler below. 
Food-plants.—Various forest trees, witch-hazel (Hamamelis), ete. 
Habitat.—The Eastern region, from the Mississippi valley to the 
Atlantic, 
[The above description is from notes made several years ago, and is 
not sufficiently full. | 
CLISIOCAMPA EROSA, Stretch. 
1881—Stretch, Papilio, 1., 67. 
1883—Stretch, Papilio, iii, 20 (as larva No. ii.) 
Larva.—Head bluish-gray, with small black spots; hairy ; labrum 
whitish. Body black,a row of white or orange-tinted dorsal spots,two on each 
segment, rounded, the posterior one the smaller. In the dorsal space are 
several supplementary, narrow, orange-red lines, sometimes partly filled in 
with blue. An orange-red subdorsal line narrowly separated by a black line 
from a broad blue band, minutely black dotted; a narrow black line ; a lat- 
eral orange-yellow line; below this blue-gray, with traces of a broken yellow- 
ish substigmatal line and one along the bases of the legs. Hair, thin dog- 
sally, faintly reddish ; short and dense from the subventral region, silky 
white with some dusky and reddish hairs intermixed. On joints 3, 4 and 
12 the blue subdorsal band is broken by a quadrate black patch, and in- 
cised on the other segments. 
Food-plants.— Oak, alder. poplar, willow and fruit trees. 
Flabitat.—The Pacific Northwest. 
CLISIOCAMPA THORACICA, Stretch. 
1881.—Stretch, Papilio, i., 68. 
1889—Rivers, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., ser. 11., vol. 1, 105. 
Larva.—Prof. J. J. Rivers says:—‘‘ Body obscure brown ; dorsal 
ridge ornamented with a row of conspicuous ochre coloured spots, two 
spots on each segment, the one placed in front always much the larger ; 
the spots are attended by numerous short waving lines of reddish brown, 
running longitudinally, and there is a subdorsal line of the same colour 
and a spiracular line of a much lighter shade, Its whole length, above 
the feet, is occupied with numerous tufts of grayish hairs.” 
food-p/ants.— Willow and fruit trees. 

Le 
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, o 
Habitat.—San Mateo Co., (Stretch); Berkeley, Cal. (Rivers). If Prof. 
Rivers’s determination of the moth is correct, and Lsee no reason to 
doubt it, then the name may have to fall as a synonym of C, evosa; for 
the larva is so much the same that there does not seem to be anything in 
the description to separate it by, unless the subdorsal blue band be really 
absent. 
$2. Group americana. 
CLISIOCAMPA AMERICANA, Harris. 
1797—-Smith & Abbot, Lep. Ins., Ga. n. 119, tab. LX. (as P 
castrensis. ) 
1841—-Harris, Cat Ins., Mass., 72. 
1889--Hy. Edwards, Bull. 35, U.S. Nat. Mus., 77. (32 references.» 
decipiens, Walker. 
1855—Walk., Cat. Brit. Mus., vi., 1488. 
Srutetorum, Boisduval. 
1869—Boisd., Ann. Eni. Soc., Belg., xil., 82. 
Larva.—Head black, pilose, a few long back hairs ; bases of antennz 
and labrum white. Body black with a narrow white dorsal line on joints 
3-12, fainter posteriorly and speckled with black. An orange coloured 
subdorsal band, rather irregular and a little mottled with black. Below 
this a subdorsal row of blue dots, two on each segment, elongate, the 
anterior one longitudinal, the posterior transverse. Above and below 
them is an interrupted orange-tinted line, and below this the lateral area 
is mottled with pale blue, becoming brownish in the subventral space. 
Hair reddish brown, most abundant subventrally. 
food-plants.—Wild cherry and fruit trees. 
Habitat.—Florida to Canada : west to the Mississippi Valley. 
CLISLOCAMPA CONSTRICTA, Stretch. 
1874—Hy. Edwards, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., v., 363. 
1881—Stretch, Papilio, 1., 66. 
strigosa, Stretch. 
1881—-Stretch, Papilio, i., 67. 
1892—Dyar, Psyche, vi., 326, 7. svn. 
Larva.— Head powdery blue, with black mottlings ; mouth black, 
lower part of clypeus white ; antenne white ringed. Body black, densely 

40) THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
covered with powdery blue over the whole lateral region up to and 
including the subdorsal blue dots, and leaving only a-few black mottlings 
and a subquadrate black patch on each segment laterally, bordered 
below by an orange dash. Below the spiracles, the blue becomes nearly 
white, and anteriorly on the segments tufts of silky white hair grow from 
the skin. ‘Traces of a subventral orange shade. Dorsum black without 
a dorsal line, the usual pair of orange subdorsal lines narrow and irregu- 
lar, heavier at the posterior part of each segment. Considerable con- 
spicuous orange tinted hair grows on the back. 
food-plant.—Oak ( Quercus Kelloggit). 
ffabitat.—The more hilly parts of California. 
CLISIOCAMPA AMBISIMILIS, 70v. Sf. 
Larva.—Head pale blue, with numerous black spots especially at the 
vertex ; labrum and basal joints of antennz yellowish-white ; many white 
hairs. Body black, largely mottled with pale blue-gray at the sides and 
a series of subdorsal blue dots, two on each segment, the posterior one 
of which is produced downward into a transverse dash reaching the 
lateral blue region. A dorsal bluish-white line, much broken, but 
irregularly so ; in some specimens it is continuous from joint 3 posteriorly, 
in others widely broken in the segmental incisures or entirely absent. A 
subdorsal series of waved, broken, orange lines, triple or quadruple on 
the posterior part of each segment, single anteriorly. A paler broken 
lateral line just above the blue area. Hair quite dense, keeled slightly 
dorsally and tufted laterally, red on the back, but silky white on the sides, 
as in C. coustricta. 
food-plants.—Fruit trees. 
Flabitat.—Santa Cruz Co., California. 
This species occurred to me abundantly on fruit trees at Watsonville, 
Cal., but the native food-plant was not determined. The larve are closely 
related to C. constricta, differing in the presence of the dorsal line (though 
this is not constant) and in the greater restriction of the lateral blue area, 
which does not extend up to and enclose the subdorsal dots, as it does in C. 
constricta. The moths are very different. The ¢ is rusty brown, with 
two pale lines, the @ pale brown, with two darker lines. My specimens 
are too poor to enable me to give characters to separate the moths from 
C. californica, which they much resemble ; but the larve are abundantly 
distinct. Besides the marked difference in markings, the contrast in the 
colour of the lateral hairs of the two species is striking. Dr. Packard has 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 41 
probably confounded this species, as well as C. fragi/is, with C. califor- 
nica in the 5th report of the U.S. entomologica! commission. 
CLISIOCAMPA CALIFORNICA, Packard. 
1864—Packard, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., i11., 387. 
1877— Packard, Inj. Ins. West, 807. 
1881—Stretch, Papilio, 1., 64. 
18go—Packard, 5th Rept. U. S. Ent. Com., 120. 
pseudoneustria Boisduval. 
1869—Boisd., Ann. Ent. Soc. Belg., xii, 82. 
Larva.—Head black, very hairy except where the occelli are, some- 
times tinged with powdery blue in front; labrum whitish. Body entirely 
black, except the tips of the abdominal feet, which are pale, covered 
with long, fulvous hair, quite thick, especially dorsally, where it is 
keeled, and laterally, where it is tufted anteriorly on the segments. 
Almost entirely without marks; some have an irregular red sub- 
dorsal line, interrupted between the segments and narrowly cen- 
trally on each segment, mottled with the ground colour; while all 
have a series of subdorsal small blue dots below the red line, only one 
on each segment, and sometimes a lateral series of red dashes. In some 
even the blue dots are obscure and wanting on the central segments. 
food-plants.—Oaks ( Quercus agrifolia and Q. lobata). 
fabitat.—The coast region of California. 
Dr. Packard has confounded C. fragi/’s with this species, if not others 
also, and consequently gives it a habitat much too extended. C. fragilis 
is abundantly distinct from C, caZéfornica in the larva, and, though the ¢ 
moth is very similar, the 9 shows good specific differences. 
CLISIOCAMPA FRAGILIS, Stretch. 
1881—Stretch, Papilio, 1., 64. 
1888—Hy. Edw., Ent. Amer., iv.; 62. 
1890—Packard, 5th Rept. U. S. Ent. Com., 120 (as C. californica.) 
Larva.—Head blue gray, dotted with black, mouth and ends of 
antenne black, labrum and bases of antenne sordid white. Body with 
the ground colour black, a broad pale blue dorsal band, broken at the seg- 
mental incisures and narrowed a little at both ends of each segment, 
absent on joints 2 and 13. Orange subdorsal marks much reduced, 
scarcely noticeable, consisting of from one to three narrowly linear, 
waved and broken streaks. Subdorsal blue dots, two on each segment, 
very large, subquadrate, either separate or confluent on their upper sides, 

42 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 
or also confluent with the lateral blue-gray area, but always leaving a row 
of black patches, one in the middle of each segment. A ‘aint, lateral, 
pale orange or whitish line, broken and bordering the black patches 
below. Below this line to the legs, blue-gray, mottled with black, with 
traces of a whitish substigmatal line and one along the bases of the legs. 
Venter black, immaculate. Thoracic feet black, the abdominal ones 
pinkish at tips. Hair moderately abundant, faintly reddish tinged on the 
back, white on the sides, but rather thin and not tufted. 
food-plants.—Wild gooseberry (Ribes) and rose (Rosa.) 
Habitat.—Nevada, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, and probably all the 
arid region from the eastern slope of the Rockies to the Sierra Nevada 
and Cascade Mountains. 
CLISIOCAMPA PLUVIALIS, 70v. S/. 
1883—Stretch, Papilio, ili , 20 (as larva No. 1). 
Larva.— Head hairy, bluish-gray, spotted with black, the spots segre- 
gating on the vertex, or covering nearly the whole head; labrum and 
bases of antenne yellowish white. Body black, a pale blue dorsal line, 
divided between the segments, obsolete at the extremities, and forming 9 
rather narrow, elongate, blue spots tapering at their ends, exactly as in 
C. fragilis. SA subdorsal row of blue dots, two on each segment, the 
anterior one the smaller, and not reaching quite so far down. Between 
these is an orange band, starting in a small spot on the anterior part of 
each segment and either broken or connected with a broad triangular 
widening of the band on the posterior part.’ A distinct, broad, but rather 
irregular, pale orange, lateral band, narrowly broken here and there, and 
containing a few black dots. Below this, a slight suffusion of blue, mot- 
tled with black, and a diffuse and mottled pale orange substigmatal band, 
besides another along the bases of the legs. Below, black, with a double 
diffuse and mottled bluish band, or the venter all mottled with bluish 
white. The subdorsal orange band is very conspicuous, It may extend 
from near the dorsal line to below and behind the subdorsal blue spots 
and also in front of them, but is usually less on the anterior part of the 
segments and always retracted centrally. Its dorsal edge is well defined, 
a little curved on each segment, following the outline of the pieces of the 
dersal band, but always separated from them by a black space, though it 
sometimes nearly surrounds them by connecting over the dorsum with the 
bind on the other side, posteriorly on the segments. In some examples 
the region below the subdorsal band to the venter is largely overspread 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 43 
with orange, mottled with the ground color, most heavily just below the 
subdorsal band. Hair not thick, reddish, both on the back and sides. 
Food-plants.— Alder ( Alnus), apple, ete. 
fFlabitat.—Vhe Pacific Northwest, from the Cascade range to the sea. 
Found abundantly at Seattle, Washington, and rarely at Portland, Oregon. 
The moths do not differ from Stretch’s description of C. fragilis, 
except that in the @ there is no broad, brown band on the forewings, but 
a diffuse shade outward from the inner dark line ; in some specimens also 
bordering the undulated pale outer line. A larger series of specimens 
than I possess will probably show further differences, though the species 
is closely related to C. fragilis. 
CLISIOCAMPA INCURVA, Hy. Edwards. 
1882—Hy. Edw., Papilio, 11., 125. 
~ The larva of this species is unknown. I have examined the moths in 
the collection of Mr. B. Neumoegen.and they seem closely allied to C. 
Sragilis. They differ from any other species of this group in that both 
sexes are pale. The male is suffused with brown on the forewings, the 
lines pale, bordered inside with brown, so that in pale specimens the lines 
look brown. The female is the same, but browner, so that the lines are 
always pale, the outer waved, the inner sometimes rather faint, so that its 
brown edge is the more distinct. In both, the brown is deeper between 
the lines than outside them. I am not inclined to give much weight to 
the character from which the species was named. CVésiocampa, like 
Daitana, cannot be separated by the position or shape of lines, but by 
the difference in the relative coloration of similar markings. In CZiszo- 
campa, both sexes are needed for a determination. ‘The following table 
will separate the larve here described. C. éncurva, only, is unknown. 
§1. A dorsal row of rounded spots. 
One spot on each segment, = - - @isstria, Abn. 
Two spots on each segment. 
A broad, distinct, subdorsal blue band, - — erosa, Str. 
No distinct subdorsal band ? - -  thoracica, Str. 
$2. A dorsal line, continuous, broken or absent. 
A continuous, narrow white line, - americana, Harr. 
Dorsal line, if present, not white ; often absent. 
Line irregularly broken or absent. 
Lateral region heavily blue shaded, 

4.4 THE CANADIAN EN!CMOLOGIST. 
Blue inclosing the subdorsal dots, constricta, Str. 
Blue not reaching the dots, ambistmilis, Dyar. 
Lateral region with no blue shade, ca/c/ornica, Pack. 
Line forming a row of elliptical blue spots. 
A slight subdorsal orange band, - fragilis, Str. 
A heavy orange band, - - pluvialis, Dyar. 
ASTATUS BICOLOR, SAY; 
BY WILLIAM J. FOX, PHILADELPHIA. 
In reply to Mr. Charles A. Hart, who has shown. in the last number 
of this journal, that in his opinion I am in error regarding the identifica- 
tion of Astatus bicolor, Say; 1 would say that the stigma of the ¢ only 
is ‘‘yellowish-rufous”, while that of the 2 varies from reddish-black to 
deep black. If he will again consult my synopsis of the genus Astatus 
he will find that I used the words “stigma of wings black” in separating 
those of the female sex. In regard to my new species, 4. pygidial{s, 
which Mr. Hart suggests may be an extreme variety of d/color, it differs 
not only in the slight characters mentioned by him, but also in the shorter 
and triangular pygidium, and the more feeble armature of the legs; the 
scutellum is not furrowea down the middle, and the insect itself 1s much 
smailer. Although it w7ght prove to be but a variety of d¢co/or, never- 
theless a series of nineteen specimens of that species and three of 
pygidialis show no intergradation, and therefore I think I was justified in 
describing it as new. I would rearrange the synonymy suggested by 
Mr. Hart as follows : 
ASTATUS BICOLOR, Say. 
A. bicolor, Say. Lec. Edition, IL, p. 166, @ ¢. 
A pujdentrés, Cress; lr, Am ink Soc. 1V, p.218, Ga 
A. terminata, Cress. ibid., p. 218, ¢. 
A. PYGIDIALIS, Fox. 
A. pygidialis, Fox. Can. Ent., XXIV., p. 234, 9. 
A. bicolor, Hart, (not Say). ibid., XXV., p. 27. 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 45 
NOTE UPON THE REVISION OF THE GENUS CUCULLIA. 
BY AUG. R. GROTE, A. M., BREMEN, GERMANY. 
The ‘‘ Revision of the Genus Cucullia,” by Prof. Smith, in Proc. U, S. 
Nat. Mus., XV., pp. 33, ef. seg., raises the number of described North Ameri- 
can species to 14, and is an interesting addition to the knowledge of our 
Noctuide. Larger collections from the west have come to hand since my 
study of the species and have admitted of fuller comparisons. Although 
the species of Cucu//ia are not among the commonest Owlet Moths and 
seem to fall less easily a prey to the collector’s efforts than those of many 
other genera, still we may conclude that the above figures give, at least 
approximately, the N. American representation of the genus. In a com- 
parison of the faunze of Europe and North America* I have sought one 
distinction in the smaller representation of the Hooded Owlets in 
America. Whereas in other leading genera, such as Apate/a ( Acronycta), 
Fladena, Mamestra, Agrotis, Oncocnemis, Lithophane, Plusia, Catocala, 
the North American species are much the more numerous ; in Cucudlia 
the proportion is reversed, and we have only r4 American to 43 European 
species of the genus. Of a truth we seem to have only 12 species which 
represent structurally the European forms. Two of our species (dzstriga 
and ser7 aticornis) I have no doubt (from figures and descriptions, as well 
as my own observations upon the Californian form) will come to be 
separated generically, or at least subgenerically, from the rest. There 
appear to be no analogues to these two species in the European fauna. 
It is noteworthy that our North American species belong, in the main, 
to the groups represented in Europe by 4lattaria, Asteris and umbratica. 
No North American representative of the group of Scoparie appears to be 
known, and, in particular, the silvery group containing avgentea is wanting 
with us. Our western plains have this in common with the Russian 
steppes that they produce //e/zothini in abundance, and when the descrip- 
tion of Cucullia luna, Morrison, appeared, I was induced to believe that 
we had also found an American silvery species of Cwucué/ia, allied to 
argentina from Asirachan or sf/endida from the Ural and Altai. But it 
now appears that this species of Mr. Morrison’s is my Lpinyctis notatella, 
a genus referred by me originally to the white Heliothians, among such 
forms as Pippona and Antaplaga, and where, from its structure, I believe 
still it most naturally belongs. At nearly the same time the moth was 
*See Grote: ‘‘ Die Verwandtschaft,” etc., Verh. Gesell. Deutsch. Naturf., 2te1 
Theil, pp. 148-154, Leipzig, 1890. 

46 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
published by Prof. Smith as a new genus, but “closely allied to Cucué/ia,” 
under the name of (Vyctopheata. ‘These facts, which are of interest in a 
comparison of opinions upon one and the same Noctuid, are obscured by 
Prof. Smith’s brief statement that ‘ the species described as Zuna by Mr. 
Morrison is an Heliothid”, l.c. p. 37. According to Smith, Bull. Br. 
Ent. Soc. 45, it ‘‘ should stand between Cleophana and Cucullia”. 
If, then, we really possess a silvery Cucud//ia, it has yet to be discovered. 
Such a form must be looked for in the west, in the States and Territories 
adjoining the Rocky Mountains, and, probably, on the eastern side of the 
range. But not improbably such forms, so much prized by European 
collectors, are entirely wanting in our fauna ; while, although breeding 
and more extended research may turn up new species, it may be concluded 
that we shall finally remain much behind Europe in the total number of 
our native species of Cucu//ia. This fact is important in a study of 
geographical distribution. We know too little as yet to generalize upon 
its probable cause. The species of Cucud//va run often closely together 
and are also confined, it would sometimes appear, to single kinds of food 
plants. I content myself here with calling attention to the circumstance. 
Upon the following species I would make some notes in reference to Prof. 
Smith’s remarks :— : 
Cucullia convexipennis, G. & R. 
No mention, or | have overlooked it, is made in the Revision of the 
somewhat peculiar shape of the wings, to which this species owes its 
specific name. I should have been glad had I been able to note that 
our observations in this respect had been verified. On the whole, this 
seems our most striking species yet discovered. 
Cucullia florea, Guen. 
The specimen of this species, referred to on page 45 of the Revision 
as “from Dr. Lintner”, was given by me, with the above determination, 
to Dr. Lintner when he was studying that genus, as also the types of 
serraticornis. This unique specimen, which I had determined as /orea, 
agreed fairly with Guenée’s figure and description, and Dr. Lintner had 
not recognized the species elsewhere when I gave it to him from my 
collection. The specimen was, I believe, from New York State, but I had 
lost the exact locality. I believed that I had collected it myself at a time 
when my attention was not especially directed to the genus. Afterwards, 
finding the specimen in my duplicate boxes, I determined the same with- 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 47 
out being certain of its origin. This species, from its grayer colour, is 
readily distinguished from fostera or asteroides (2. e. star-like ?, a queer 
title for the moth; the Latin name was probably meant to refer to the 
European Asteris or to the botanical genus Aster, a food plant for some 
of the species) and must be quite uncommon. I never saw a second 
example. 
Cucullia letifica, Lint., in Grote Check List (1875). 
In describing the type of cé¢a, from Arizona, I had no longer speci- 
mens of /et:fica, from Texas, for comparison. The discovery of montane, 
Grote, had led me to expect new western forms of the genus, and in the 
present instance the sexual difference in general colour assisted my mis- 
take. I have no doubt that the reference in the Revision is correct, and 
that the Texan species extends its range to Arizona. I do not know Prof. 
French’s species, also referred here, With regard to Cucudlia solidaginis, 
Behr., in Strecker, if my memory serves, I had a note upon it to the 
effect that it did not belong to this genus. If so, we have as yet no 
typical species of Cucu//ia known from California or west of the Rocky 
Mountain range. I must concur with Mr. Smith’s remarks upon the 
descriptions of Behr. in Strecker. 
In my opinion the Cucud/ini form a tribe of the Voctuine, sufficiently 
characterized by comparative characters. These consist in the elongate 
wings, the tapering abdomen, the fine and smooth vestiture, the hooded 
collar, the pencilled anal tuft, the short and unarmed legs, naked and 
lashed eyes. The European species have, in the group of Scrophularia, 
the fringes of primaries dentate. The rest, with the American forms, 
seem to have them even. The usually smooth larve are very distinctly 
marked, but are not easily distinguished upon the food-plant. In habit 
and character they resemble He/iothis somewhat. The flower of a purple 
double aster I had here, blooming in a pot on my window-sill, contained 
the coiled and partially hidden full-grown larva of one of the European 
species, which I did not discover for some days. The pupation is effect- 
‘ed in the ground in a dense cocoon mixed with earth, the moth appearing 
in the spring. The larvee, when disturbed, often make a jerking motion, 
reminding me of that of the Hawk Moth, Zhyreus Adbdotii. It must 
indeed be said that the moths are not without some resemblance to the 
Cherocampine, 

48 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
In my Revised Check List of 1890, I have given eleven species of 
Cucullia. ‘The list must now be changed to include the following four- 
teen apparently valid names : 
I. convexipennis, G. & RX. 8. leetifica, Lentn. 
2. montane, Grote. 9. Speyerl, Lzntn. 
3. similaris, Sy7tf. 1o. dorsalis, Svzth. 
4. obscurior, Syth. 11. intermedia, Speyer. 
5. asteroides, Gwen. 12. cinderella, Smzth. 
6. postera, Gwen. 13. bistriga, Smth. 
7. florea, Guen. 14. serraticornis, Lz7?v. 
A TRYPETID BRED FROM GALLS ON BIGELOVIA. 
BY C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND, LAS CRUCES, NEW MEXICO. 
A round, white, woolly gall was found on stems of Bigelovia (sp. 
probably gvaveolens) in several localities in western New Mexico the past 
summer, from June 19 to 22. Those found June 19 were old galls, and 
were met with near Luera Spring, in Socorro county. On June 21 the 
fresh galls were found in numbers near Gallo Spring. Sometimes two pr 
three were found near each other on the same stem or twig of the plant, 
and in one case three galls were found joined together, forming a triple 
gall. On June 22 they were found extremely common west of Apache 
Spring, thus seeming to increase in number.in a westerly direction, as did 
also the patches of Bigelovia, every plant of which was full of them. The 
last two localities are on the Pacific slope of the Continental Divide, the 
first locality (Luera Spr.) being to the east of the divide about 4o miles. 
Many of the galls found June 22 were opened at the time and dis- 
closed several hymenopterous pupe which were at first taken for the gall- 
maker. Some also contained a small white larva, probably belonging to 
the hymenopteron. Most of the galls, however, contained puparia which 
were taken for those of a tachinid, but which were in reality the puparia 
of a trypetid and the original gall-maker. None of the puparia were 
noticed to contain the fly, and numerous galls that were picked and kept 
in pill boxes for several months developed no trypetids. _It was later 
found, however, that two of the puparia extracted from the galls at this 
date and placed in alcohol contained the pupa within. The credit for the 
breeding of the fly is due to Professor C. P. Gillette, who sent me speci- 

— 
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 49 
mens of the fly and gall. Several flies were bred by him from galls which 
he collected at Dolores, Colo., June 18, the flies issuing June 19. The 
following is a description of the gall made by Professor Gillette at the 
time :— 
Galls sub-globular in form, varying from 14 to % inch in diameter, and 
borne singly along the side of the stems of Bigelovia. They are very 
light in colour, being densely covered with a short white woolly hair. 
Beneath this fuzz the substance of the gall is greenish in colour and quite 
brittle. At the centre of each gall is a single larval cell containing, at this 
date, the puparium of some fly. From the larval cell a burrow leads to 
the woolly outer covering, which it never penetrates, and it cannot be seen 
from the outside. The galls are very common. : 
I have little to add to this description. ‘The galls which I collected 
measure (dried) from 8 to 11 mm. in diameter, the average being about 
gmm. The wool is extremely fine in texture. As before stated, they 
were often approximated to each other on the same stem. Their form 
seems to indicate more or less plainly a bud-like growth, and they very 
often show the opening of the larval burrow on the outside. 
I have referred this trypetid to the sub-genus Zwrosta, Loew, because 
it seems to come nearest to this group of species, though it does not en- 
tirely fit the characterization. The fifth vein is not bristly, scutellum has 
only two bristles ; the front is what I should call very broad, perhaps not 
“remarkably” so; the third antennal joint is short, but the ovipositor 
seems to be somewhat flattened instead of conical. The following is a 
description of the species :— 
Eurosta (Trypeta) dbigelovie, n. sp. °. 
Wings do not resemble any figured by Loew in monographs ; they 
are very pale at base, rest blackish fuscous, except the white reticulations, 
and a slightly flavous portion near centre, and a little approximated to 
costa, being situated in basal portion of submarginal, distal portion of first 
basal and proximal portion of apical cells ; a white spot on costal mar- 
gin before and just reaching the costal spine, before this an elongate 
transverse white spot extending from costa back to posterior (second) 
basal cell, and bordering on the pale basal portion of wing ; on costa in 
marginal cell two white spots, the inner one just beyond and at extremity 
of first longitudinal yein, the outer one more elongate transversely and 

50 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
extending nearly across submarginal cell, the inner one wholly in mar- 
ginal cell ; marginal cell more or less pale, at least on costal portion ; 
submarginal cell with a longitudinally elongate, slightly cresentic pale area 
in its apical portion ; an elliptical, longitudinal white spot in first (anterior) 
basal cell at its distal two-thirds just the width of cell; a round white 
spot nearly in middle of widened distal portion of discal cell, a little 
approximated to anterior border of cell ; a transversely oblique, somewhat 
elongated white spot in apical cell on its distal two-thirds, but little sepa- 
rated at its posterior end from a similar spot in distal portion of second 
posterior cell, which, however, reaches hind margin, where it slightly 
widens, these two spots having the same oblique direction pointing out- 
ward toward the hind margin of the wing; a large inverted V-shaped 
white spot nearly in middle of second posterior cell, a little nearer 
base, slightly bulged on its inner (toward base of wing) margin, and 
its prongs reaching hind border of wing; two smaller, quite widely 
separated white spots bordering on hind margin in distal portion of 
third posterior cell, the outer one touching fifth longitudinal vein near 
its extremity ; a large, white spot a little before middle of third pos 
terior cell, extending from anterior border of cell back through 
fourth posterior cell to hind margin of wing; a small, rather  tri- 
angular white spot in extreme basal portion of third posterior cell and 
nearly behind the elongate marking above referred to as bordering on the 
pale basal portion of the wing ; anal angle broadly white, extending into 
the anal cell, and joining the pale basal portion ; wing veins at base, in- 
cluding the costal vein where it borders the white spots, pale yellowish ; 
halteres pale yellowish. 
Head, including front, frontal bristles, face, antenne, cheeks, pro- 
boscis, and palpi, pale yellowish, arista slightly darker apically and bare ; 
occiput darker on upper central portion ; eyes blackish (are probably 
green in life) ; second and third antennal joints of nearly equal length, 
palpi enlarged apically and tips reaching to tip of proboscis ; front nar- 
rowed anteriorly, on vertex more than one-half width of head ; front set 
on ocellar area ; anterior portion of orbital margins and vertex with short 
pale yellowish bristles, including a row on each side descending obliquely 
inward from vertical angles, meeting in centre and forming a V, also with 
a pair of long, nearly erect bristles on vertical margin, and three shorter, 
sub-appressed, inwardly directed pairs on anterior orbital margins. Thorax 
blackish, dorsum and pleurze, including scutellum, thickly set with short, 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 51 
pale yellowish bristles, some long yellowish bristles on pleure and pos- 
terior dorsum of thorax, and a long pair arising from sides of scutellum : 
scutellum blackish at base, pale yellowish on margin and apex. Abdo- 
men rufous or dark fulvous, anal segment black, ovipositor rufous. Legs 
entirely pale yellowish. 
Length of body (incl. ovipos.), 5 mm. ; of wing, nearly 414 mm. 
Described from one specimen bred by Professor C. P. Gillette from 
galls collected at Dolores, Colo., June 18. Issued June 19. 
An imperfectly-hardened @, which I collected in Johnson’s Basin, 
in Western Socorro county, N. M., June 23, differs in the lighter abdo- 
men, rufous anal segment; the more grayish short bristles of thorax, and 
darker long bristles of thorax and scutellum ; in the oblique white mark- 
ing of apical cell being united with the distal one of second posterior cell ; 
and by the large inverted V-shaped marking of second posterior cell 
being represented by an oblique elongate marking parallel to the pre- 
ceding, and a short marking inside it, both bordering on the hind margin 
of wing. It will need more material to establish the distinctness of this 
specimen. 
Puparium of £. dzge/ovie, containing pupa: Length, 4 mm.; greatest 
width, 214 to 2 2-5 mm. Stouter posteriorly,.rufous on posterior portion 
and brownish anteriorly, eyes and wings of pupa showing beneath pupari- 
um as black spots. Puparium showing twelve segments, counting anal 
and capital plates. Mouth parts of larva showing in centre of capital 
plate at anterior end of puparium as a very small, central, raised circle, 
with usually eight primary radiating ridges, their length less than twice 
the diameter of the circle, these ridges longitudinally and often deeply 
fluted, giving appearance of smaller, more numerous ridges ; a pair of 
circles exactly similar to the central circle placed on outer margin of the 
area of radiating ridges, a little dorsally of the central one, and with it 
forming the three corners of a triangle; from the central circle there ex- 
tends ventrally a linear, elongate, forked black body seen beneath the in- 
tegument of the puparium. Anal stigmata showing in centre of ana- 
plate as a pair of small blackish spots, each bearing three principal black 
tubercles arranged in a slightly crescentic form with the convexity ventral, 
and a smaller black tubercle in concavity of each crescent, one or more 
other still smaller ones sometimes apparent ; a small, depressed median 

pe THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
orifice slightly dorsal to the pair of stigmata, and a third less distinct 
median stigma considerably removed ventrally from the pair. 
Described from two alcoholic puparia taken from galls collected near 
Apache Spring, June 22, and containing pupe. 
The hymenopterous larvae aud pupz which I found in the galls, June 
22, and which are undoubtedly those of a parasite of the trypetid, con- 
sisted of two small larve, and a ¢ and @ pupa, the latter at once dis- 
tinguished by the long ovipositor curved forward over her back. ‘This 
parasite seems nearly to equal its host in size. 
The larvee, in their partially curled position, measure 24% to 3 mm. 
long, and fully 2 mm. wide ; tapered suddenly toward head and quite so 
toward anal extremity ; whitish, very pale dilute yellowish after immersion 
for some months in alcohol, mouth parts blackish. 
Q pupa, 4 mm. long, 1144 mm. wide ; ovipositor curled forward over 
back, reaching tip of scutellum ; after immersion in alcohol pale fulvous 
? 5 ] 
abdomen at base and eyes blackish. Ovipositor, in its curled position, 
measures nearly 3 mm. 
‘ 
g pupa, 3 mm. long, scarcely 1 mm. wide; pale fulvous, eyes 
black. . 
It should also be mentioned that there was bred from the galls 
collected near Gallo Springs, June 21, a very small weevil less than 3 
mm. in length, perhaps an inquiline in the galls. The galls were left 
attached to very short pieces of the stems, but it is not likely that the 
weevil came from the stems, which are very small. Moreover a careful 
examination of the stems with a lens shows no exit hole whatever in 
them. 
Novre.—Since writing the above, I have found that Mr. Theo. D. A. Cockerell 
records, on page 106 of West American Scientist, vol. 6 (Sept., 1889), the breeding of 
a cecidomyiid ‘‘from woolly trypetid galls on 4zvelovia.” Mr. Cockerell has also 
Sent me a small gall of this species, with the following note: ‘‘Gall of Z7yfeta 
bigelowie, Ckil., Ent. Mo. Mag, 1890, West Cliff, Col.” I have not seen Mr. 
Cockerell’s mention of this species in the Ent. Mo, Mag., and do not know whether he 
described the fly or only the gall. At all events the discovery of the trypetid nature of 
the gall belongs to him. When I named the trypetid as above, I did not know that 
the same name had been proposed for the same insect by Mr, Cockerell. 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. io 
THE MEMBRACID OF ST. VINCENT ISLAND, W. I. 
BYseiin We GODING YM. | Di PH.D RUTEAND, “ILL. 
The material forming the basis of this paper was sent to me last 
October by Prof. C. V. Riley for determination. The species were 
collected by H. H. Smith in St. Vincent, West Indies, and are among the 
most interesting forms of this remarkable family. 
Subfamily CENTROTINA#, Stal. 
I. Monobelus fasciatus, Fabr. 
¢. One example in National Museum. 
Subfamily SMILina, Stal. 
2. Acutalis trifurcata, N. sp. 
2. Head greenish-yellow, with an oval spot in the middle (in which 
are the ocelli), and a curved black line around the apex ; prothorax 
shining greenish-yellow, a broad line ending just before the apex, 
at its middle sending toward the front a line, on each side, which 
does not reach a line through lateral angles, these lines together resembling 
a three-tined fork ; median line behind this fork much broader ; at base 
of median line a bread line branches from each side backward and out- 
ward in the form of an arrow-head; base of prothorax very narrowly 
shining black ; tegmina very pale yellow, veins indistinct ; chest, femora, 
tibie and tarsi dark brown. Length, 3 mm.; width, 114 mm. 
Described from one female ; type in National Museum. 
This species 1s near ///inotensis, Godg. 
3. Acutalis apicalis, n. sp. 
$- Shining black, with a submarginal yellow line on each side, 
originating at the apex of head it extends posteriorly nearly to apex of 
prothorax, where it converges towards the line on the opposite side, but 
they do nct come together ; apex bright yellow; lateral angles of pro- 
thorax produced in small tubercles ; tegmina light yellow, veins darker 
Legs light brown, tarsi annulate with brown. 
Length, 3 mm.; width, 144 mm. 
Described from one male ; type in National Museum. 
This species is near faviventris, Leth. It may prove to be the 2 of 
trifurcata, Godg. 
Subfamily MEMBRACIN&, Stal. 
4. Sphongophorus (Lobocladisca) vexillifera, n. sp. 
Sex (?) Dark brown fuscous ; very densely and coarsely punctured. 
Head vertical, nearly quadrangular, a little longer than the width between 

54 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
eyes ; eyes small, brown; ccelli on a line with superior edge of eyes, 
to which they approach nearer than to each other. Prothorax in front 
convex, armed with a long, slender, nearly upright compressed horn, 
leaning slightly forward, seen from side, slightly sinuous and armed near 
middle of posterior edge with a small tooth ; seen from front, thinly com- 
pressed, and at apex bidentate, the small teeth divaricate ; behind anterior 
horn near middle of posterior process is a medium sized, compressed, 
rounded lobe, which, when seen from side, resembles the helmet of a huzzar, 
the top of which has a sharp, slender, needle-like spine pointing upward ; 
behind the base of this lobe the posterior process extends backward in a 
low, small, triangular process, placed vertically, with a slender spine 
extending posteriorly from the base. Lateral angles very prominent ; 
front margin arched to receive the head, the sides of prothorax extending 
downward in ear-shaped lobules behind the eyes. _Elytra ferruginous, with 
a large black spot across the middle. All the tibiz very widely dilated 
and thin. 
Length, 6 mm ; to tip of tegmina, 7 mm.; breadth, 314 mm.; altitude, 
6 mm. 
Described from one example, the sex of which could not be deter- 
mined without mutilating it. Type in National Museum. 
This is nearest to rZgédus, Stal. It belongs to Stal’s subgenus Logo- 
CLADISCA, which with its related subgenera are characterized as follows :— 
[PHORUS, Fairm. 
Posterior prothoracic process unarmed at the middle...... Subg. SPHONGO- 
Posterior prothoracic process armed at or near middle with a process. 
Anterior horn undate, lengthily curved backward, posterior or 
inferior Gdge unarmed. caveesestreneeees « ‘aeevdas CLADONOTA, otal: 
Anterior horn substraight, not curving behind lobe of posterior 
process, posterior or inferior edge armed with a tooth or tobe 
pre SiGe Mosc cbac erwin «cain. «ep eeeeeeneew tek ele LOR Oe bese caea reas 
5. Sphongophorus ( Cladonota) albofasciata, 0. sp. 
¢. Blackish-brown, coarsely and roughly punctured, tuberculate- 
Head longer than wide, inferior edge 3-lobed ; ocelli ona line with superior 
edge of eyes, red, nearer to eyes than to each other, and near base of 
prothorax. Prothorax highly convex, armed anteriorly with a horn which 
at first extends upwards, strong and stout; from posterior superior angle 
it extends, slender and thread-like, posteriorly upward and backward for 
another third, then it suddenly enlarges in a nearly quadrangular, com- 

Ou 
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
pressed, foliaceous lobe, having a tooth extending posteriorly ; this lobe 
is compressed in centre with a diamond-shaped outline at the posterior 
edge ; about the middle of the posterior process is a cylindrical upright 
horn, constricted on sides at middle, the upper part produced anteriorly 
and receives the foliole of the anterior horn which rests upon it ; behind 
this horn the posterior process is slightly enlarged towards apex, where 
it is truncated diagonally downward and backward. Elytra light brown 
ferruginous, with a white band extending across the middle. Tibie all 
all widely dilated. 
Length, 5 mm.; altitude, 344 mm. 
Described from one male. Type in National Museum. 
6. Bolbonota ( Tubercunota) bispinifera, n. sp. 
f. Black, covered with auriferous pubescence finely tuberculated. 
Head longer than wide, sides of face dilated ; ocelli on a line with eyes 
and near base of prothorax, nearer eves than each other. Prothorax 
highly convex anteriorly, behind elevated portion strongly declivous ; at 
upper edge of declivity is a short, cylindrical spine pointing upward and 
backward, and between this and apex of posterior process is a larger 
transverse spine pointing directly upward ; lateral angles produced in 
tubercles, above which are two little elevated lines on each side, the 
superior one reaching middle of inferior border of prothorax, diverging 
posteriorly, the surface between these and median carina smooth. Tegmina 
with basal portion black, remainder hyaline, veins black. Anterior pair of 
legs dilated, middle and posterior pairs triquetrous, with strong spines, 
dark brown. 
Length, 14% mm.; breadth, 1 mm. 
Described from one male: Type in National Museum. 
It is near dztuberculata, Stal., and zmeguadis, Fabr., and belongs to 
the subgenus Tugercunora, Godg., which with its ‘relative may be dis- 
tinguished by the following table :— 
Posterior process of prothorax behind middle furnished with a high 
transverse tubercle or spine, more or less compressed antero- 
posteriorly ; anterior part strongly and gradually elevated up to 
Paice s taroorise cite +> seaman Subgenus TuBEeRcuNoTaA, Godg. 
Posterior process from apex, seen from side, depressed, in front of 
depressed part dorsum straight or lightly uni- or bi-sinuate 
Rw enent West onde <<.v se Saeweeee COUDPEMUS DOMBONOTA, A.) dS. 
(Types Seratans ca ., aureo-sericea, Stal.) 

56 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
The type of the subgenus Tupercunora, Godg., is dispinifera, Godg., 
which is the smallest known member of the genus. 
Lnchophyllum ( Tropidocera) Rileyt, n. sp. 
g and 9. Head black ; prothorax beautiful orange-red, the anterior 
norn and a stripe passing downward from it, on each side, forks, one 
branch in front and one behind lateral angles, the front branch extending 
to eye, the hind one spreading out for a little distance along inferior border, 
in some examples, all the way to apex, black. Tegmina opaque brown- 
black, veins distinct. Legs black, front and middle tibiz dilated, posterior 
tibiz triquetrous and spined. 
Length to tip of tegmina, 6 mm., including anterior horn, 10 mm.; 
altitude, 3 mm. 
It belongs to Stal’s subgenus TROPIDOCERA Near guingue-maculatum, 
Fm. I take pleasure in dedicating this, the most beautiful member of 
the genus, to mv esteemed friend, De C. Vv: Riley, who kindly presented 
me with the types and who has aided in many ways my studies of this 
difficult group. 
Types in collection of F. W. G., and National Museum. 
Described from five examples. 
A STATEMENT IN CORRECTION. 
BY AUG. R. GROTE, A. M. 
In that most useful paper, the “ Directions for Collecting and Preserv- 
ing Insects,” by Dr. C. V. Riley, Washington, 1892, occurs the statement, 
on page 137, that the periodical, the North American Entomologist, was 
“published by the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences.” The fact is 
that the little monthly, which only reached its first volume, was edited 
by myself, and printed and published by Reinecke & Zesch, a Buffalo 
printing house. The material was written or collected together 
by myself, and the few plates, mostly contributed by the authors, 
were gotten up at my sole trouble, and even expense. L cor 
rected the proofs and had sole charge of the periodical, which 
was intended to include short articles and reviews of current literature 
upon its subject. The subscriptions, advertisements and what profit 
resulted upon the undertaking went entirely into the pockets of the 
printers, who, on my suggestion, undertook the outlay for printing and 
paper. I received no consideration whatever for my work. The Buffalo 
Society had nothing, in any shape or manner, to do with the matter. My 
name is upon the title page and not that of the Society, nor can I find 
that the Society’s name has been ever previously brought forward in con- 
nection with my little venture. I am entirely at a loss to account for Dr. 
Riley’s statement, which misrepresents my entomological labours in this 
particular, 
Mailed February 4th. 

the Canatiag, Hontomolagist 
VOL. XXV. “LONDON, MARCH, Bean: Niow:3: 
CANADIAN HYMENOPTERA.—No. 3. 
BY W. HAGUE HARRINGTON, OTTAWA. 
In my last paper (see page 32) I unfortunately repeated the error 
made by Provancher in giving Vancouver as the habitat of Ecthrus Pro- 
vanchert. I overlooked its correction (Can. Ent., Vol. XVII, page 160) 
by Mr. Brodie, who obtained the insect from Muskoka. 
Having recently restudied and rearranged my Ottawa collections of 
Phyllophéga and Xylophaga, so as to prepare for publication in the 
Ottawa Naturalist a complete list of the local species, I have made 
some notes which may be of more general interest. There are also 
several species, apparently new, which I prefer to describe here, as I 
think that all new species should be described (or at least redescribed) in 
some publication devoted entirely to Entomology, and accessible to all 
students. The publication of species in miscellaneous proceedings and 
transactions prevents many entomologists from having access to them, 
necessitates an outlay of money and time which in many cases cannot be 
spared by students, and gives rise to much unnecessary synonymy, etc. 
One point of interest in the Tenthredinide is the excess of the 
females, both as regards species and individuals. Of the 152 species 
which have been taken in this neighborhood the females of 139 species 
are represented, and the males of 82 only. Both sexes are recognized in 
69 species, leaving 70 represented by the female only, and 13 bv the male 
only. This disparity of the sexes is more marked in some sections of 
the subfamily, notably in the unwieldy and difficult genus Nematus, 
where of 34 species there occur females of 32,and males of only to., @. e., 
only the male of every third species has been found. 
The scarcity of males among sawflies is even more marked, when the 
occurrence of individuals is considered ; for in 1,262 specimens there are 
885 females and 377 males. Of many species the females and males 
differ so much in coloration that they have been described as distinct 
insects, and the relationship of some have undoubtedly not yet been 
recognized, but there are other species of which, while the sexes are 

D8 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
known and readily distinguished, it is very difficult to obtain the males 
either by collecting in the field or by breeding. Of such may be instanced 
Nematus Evichsonii, Hart. (= . cinctus, Newm , according to Kirby), of 
which I have only obtained one male, although the females can be taken 
in any desired number. 
Acordulecere saginata, Prov., is apparently the male of 4. dorsalis, 
Say., a species which is found upon oak and hickory, the larvae skeleton- 
izing the leaves. 
NEMATUS RUFOCINCTUS, n. sp. Female—Length, 8mm. Black, with 
pale legs and rufous band on abdomen. Head rather small; the ocelli 
in shallow basins defined anteriorly by a distinct sinuate ridge above the 
antenne ; edge of clypeus, labrum and palpi whitish ; antenne slender, 
with subequal joints. Thorax polished ; tegule, angles of prothorax and 
legs in great part, white ; the anterior and median femora toughed with 
brown ; posterior legs with apical two-thirds of femora, apical half of 
tibie and the tarsi, black ; wings large, hyaline ; nervures and stigma 
black ; third submarginal cell quadrate, small, hardly larger than first ; 
the recurrent nervures received about one-fourth respectively from the 
base and tip of the second submarginal cell. Abdomen robust, with 
dorsal ridge ; basal plates, sides of first segment, spots on fifth, and the 
terminal segments black, remainder rufous. 
One female taken near Hull on 26th June, 1887, upon alder, and in 
general appearance resembling a small 4. Zrichsonii, Hart. 
NEMATUS THORACICUS, n. Sp. Female—Length, 6 mm. Head, meta- 
thorax and base of abdomen black, remainder rufo-testaceous. Head as 
wide as thorax, ridges surrounding oceili ill-defined, but prominent be- 
tween antennze; palpi and inandibles pale, the latter with red tips ; 
antenne long and slender, joints subequal. Thorax rufous, except sutures 
below wings and the scutellar region, including the scutellum, black ; legs 
rufous, the posterior with tips of tibiz and the tarsi almost black ; wings 
hyaline, nervures and stigma brownish, third submarginal cell one and 
one-half times as long as wide ; recurrent nervures received respectively 
about one-fifth from base and one-sixth from apex of second submarginal 
cell. Abdomen short and stout, slightly ridged dorsally ; basal plates 
and spot on first and second segments black, remainder rufous. 
One female taken near the city on May 11th. This species is near 
LV. bivittatus, Nort., but the head is much less rugose, and the mesothorax 
is not lineate with black, etc. 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. AQ 
NEMATUS LINEATUS, n sp. Female—Length,7 mm. Rufo-testaceous. 
Head nearly white below the antenne, and honey-yellow above, palpi 
dusky ; antenne as long as head and thorax, rather stout, black ; a black 
spot between ocelli. Thorax orange-yellow ; tegule and angles of pro- 
thorax white ; a line on median lobe of mesothorax, a spot above inser- 
tion of posterior wings, the apex of scutellum and adjoining sutures, 
black ; legs yellow, cox and trochanters paler, tips of posterior tibiz 
and tarsi dusky ; wings hyaline, nervures brownish, stigma pale, third 
submarginal cell nearly twice as long as first, recurrent nervures received 
about one-fourth the distance from base and tip of second submarginal 
cell. Abdomen broad, compressed toward apex, paler than thorax, basal 
plates and narrow broken dorsal line black, ovipositor prominent. 
One female collected near city on May sth. 
Fenusa varipes, St. Farg. (melanopoda, Cam.), previously recorded by 
Mr. Fletcher as introduced from Europe, was observed on Aug. 26th, 
upon native alders in a swamp not far from the Experimental Farm, and 
a number of the leaves showed the characteristic blotches caused by the 
larvee. ‘The species can, therefore, be considered as naturalized. 
Emphytus multicolor, Nort., (= Strongylogaster multicolor, Nort., = 
Emphytus hullensts, Prov.) This is one of the species in which varia- 
bility in wing-venation has led to a redescription. I have the types, @ ¢, 
of Z. hullensis, and they agree exactly with the description of S. mu/ti- 
color. Of six specimens which I have since collected, four have four 
submarginals, as in S. ‘mu/ticolor, one three submarginals, as in &. 
hullensis, and the remaining one has three cells in one wing and four in 
the other. As the insect seems to more nearly resemble an Emphytus 
than a Strongylogaster or Taxonus, I have referred it to the former genus. 
Harpiphorus tarsatus, Say. From a series of specimens taken upon 
Cornus it seems evident that Z varianus, Nort., and H. versicolor, Nort., 
are only varieties of this species. My specimens vary much in colour, 
but even the blackest show more or less trace of rufous. The insect is 
very active and difficult to net, as it darts to and fro among the bushes. 
On one occasion I heard a rustling of insect wings on a branch near the 
ground and found it to be caused by two males in pursuit of a female, 
and I netted the three at one stroke. 
Monostegia maculata, Nort. I have already (Insect Life, Vol. IL., p. 
227) discussed the variation in the wing-venation of our common Straw- 
berry Sawfly, and a further examination of the species seems to indicate 

60 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
that it should be placed in the genus Monostegia. It is certainly very 
unlike the other species of Harpiphorus. Under the name JZ. cgnota, 
Nort., I propose to retain a few immaculate specimens which also 
slightly differ in other respects. 
MACROPHYA ALBILABRIS, n. sp. Male—Length, 8 mm. _ Black ; 
anterior legs and base of posterior pale. Head rugosely punctured, 
almost opaque, no depressions or sutures above antenne ; clypeus deeply 
emarginate, labrum truncate ; both, with spot on mandibles, white ; 
antenne stout. Thorax coarsely punctured, the scutellum rugose ; edge of 
tegule and fine line on border of prothorax white ; anterior and median 
legs pale, including portion of coxz, the femora and tibiz with dusky 
abbreviated lines above ; tips of posterior cox, the trochanters, basal 
third of femora with line below to apex, white ; remainder of femora, the 
tibize and tarsi, black. Edges of basal plates white dorsally. 
One male taken near the city, but not dated. This insect is closely 
allied to AZ. favicoxe, Nort., and may prove but a variety of that species, 
though none of my examples of favicoxe show any variation of this 
kind. The chief differences are in the colour of the posterior legs, the 
white touches on basal plates, and the more deeply emarginate clypeus. 
Pachyprotasis omega, Nort.—The insect described by Provancher 
(Can. Ent., Vol. XVII, p. 50.) as Synairema americana, seems, from . 
his description, to be identical with this species, except that he gives the 
length as .46 inch, whereas my largest specimen of omega is only about 
-35 inch. Norton in his description of the species gives the length as 
.26 inch. 
Pachyprotasis delta, Prov. Since my notes on this species (CAN. 
Ent., Vol. XVIIL, p. 32) I sent to Mr. Kirby a small lot of Tenthre- 
dinide regarding which he writes: “ The principal remark I have to make 
on this lot of insects is, that the insect sent as Zenthredo (?) delta, Prov., 
is a true Pachyprotasis, near P. discolor, Klug., an European species.” 
Pachyprotasis varipicta, Har. On June 7th, I captured two males 
which evidently belong to the species which I described as a Harpiphorus 
(Can. Ent., Vol. XXI., p. 96), and these show that the species belongs 
to Pachyprotasis, and has, like P. de/ta, very unstable wing venation. One 
specimen has, like the female described, two cross nervures in the lanceo- 
late cell of one wing. The other has in the right anterior wing five sub- 
marginals, the third cell being subdivided almost in continuation of the 
second recurrent. These males differ from the female only in having the 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 61 
apical two-thirds of posterior femora blackish, and the basal segment of 
abdomen darker at the base. The outer cells of the posterior wings are 
closed, as in P. delta. 
Strongylogaster soriculatus, Prov. S. soriculatipes, Prov., appears to 
have been the name under which this species was first published, but the 
Abbé has used soricudutus in republishing, and the old name does not 
appear in his index. 
Tenthredo grandis, Nort. This species is somewhat variable in the 
extent of its white markings, and I have one specimen which answers 
exactly to the Z! nigricod/is, Kirby, described from Newfoundland. 
Tenthredo basillaris, Prov. This species is placed in Cresson’s cata- 
logue as a synonym of TZ: signata, Nort. My specimens, five females, 
of which one was determined by Provancher, are remarkably uniform in 
their markings, and do not agree with the description of 7! szguata, so 
that I am disposed to retain the species as distinct. 
Tenthredopsis Evansii, Har. I havea female of this species from 
the Rocky Mts. near Calgary, and have examined another from Colorado 
(Gillette.) This insect is. very near, perhaps identical with, Zenthredo 
viridescens, Fourcr. (sca/aris, Klug.) an European species. 
TENTHREDOPSIS (?) ANNULICORNIS, n. sp. Female—Length, 10 mm, 
Head black, rugosely punctured ; mandibles, clypeus and triangular spot 
above rufous, the clypeus strongly notched ; antennz slender, two basal 
joints and base of third rufous, apex of third, the fourth and terminal 
three black, joints five and six pure white. Thorax with the pleura 
coarsely punctured ; rufous above with spot on each lateral lobe of meso- 
thorax and the scutellar sutures black; legs rufous, tips of coxze, the 
trochanters and posterior tarsi white, tip of posterior femora and of tibiz 
black ; wings hyaline, nervures blackish, base of stigma white ; lanceolate 
cell with straight, short, cross nervures, as in Tenthredo, etc.; posterior 
wings without middle cells. Abdomen rufous. 
Male.—Length, 9 mm. Antenne a little stouter, testaceous, rufous 
toward base. Abdomen with apex blackish. 
The femaie was taken near the city on June 6th, 1891, and the male 
on May 28th last. The antenne ofthe male differ in colour, and in being 
slightly stouter, from those of the female, but in all other respects it 
seems to be identical. The strongly notched clypeus, and the absence of 
middle cells in the posterior wings, would seem to refer the female to 
Perineura, but the outer cells of posterior wings of the male are not 

62 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
closed. These insects, except for the antennz, look very much like small 
specimens of /Zarpiphorus varianus. 
PAMPHILIUS RUFICEPS, n. sp. Female—Length, 15 mm. _ Black, with 
rufo-testaceous head and legs. Head very large ; coarsely punctured, 
rufous, with a small black spot enclosing the ocelli ; mandibles very 
large ; antennz slender, about 35-jointed, black, with three basal joints 
rufous, third joint more than twice as long as the fourth. Thorax coarsely 
punctured, the pleura quite rugosely ; tegulze, anterior angles, lateral lobes 
and apex of median lobe of mesothorax and scutellum, rufous ; beneath 
black, with dull rutous spots on pleura; legs rufous, coxze paler, tarsi 
dusky, the posterior almost black, anterior tibia with side spur. Abdo- 
men broad, with narrow lateral margin of bright lemon-yellow. 
One female, found walking on a doorstep in the city, May 31st, 1891. 
This species is near P. (Lyd2) brunniceps, Cress. 
PAMPHILIUS CINCTUS, n. sp. Female—Length, 11 mm. Black, with 
red band on abdomen. Head polished behind the ocelli, rugulose an- 
teriorly ; face flat with a ridge between antenne, not reaching anterior 
margin of clypeus ; clypeus broad, squarely truncate, not margined, and 
coarsely punctured ; cheeks below the eyes, mandibles, clypeus, triangular 
spot at inner summit of each eye, similar spots behind on margin jof 
occiput, and two minute dots below ocelli, white ; antennz black, long, 
slender, 25-jointed, third joint hardly longer than fourth, Thorax 
polished ; tegulz, short lines in front and beneath, a double triangular 
spot on middle !obe of mesothorax, scutellum and postscutellum, white ; 
legs pale yellow, including tips of cox, anterior tibize without side spur ; 
wings hyaline with brown nervures, third submarginal cell large. Abdo- 
men with first segment, except a black spot on each side, and three follow- 
ing, rufous ; apical segments black. 
One female, taken near the city on June 28th. It resembles in 
appearance P. rufofasciata, Nort., but differs in shape of antennz and 
clypeus and in markings. 
Pamphilius fascipennis,Cress. This fine species, originally described 
from the White Mts., N.H., has been taken by Mr. Evans at Sudbury. 
Xyela minor, Nort. In June, 1886, I captured by sweeping on the 
margins of a wood composed of pines, spruces, etc., a male and a female 
of this very interesting species, which Mr. Kirby thinks should constitute 
a distinct genus from the European species of Xyela. I failed to obtain 
the insect again until May rith, 1891, when, in beating spruce trees, | 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 63 
secured eight females. I endeavored to ascertain if the insects were 
ovipositing in the twigs, but they are so small and inconspicuous that it 
was impossible to find them without beating them from the trees. Sub- 
sequent beatings in the same locality, and careful search again last May 
failed to turn up any more. It seems probable, however, that the insect 
breeds in the young shoots of the spruce (as none could be found on 
adjoining trees or shrubs of other species), and some of our collectors, 
knowing when and where to search, may succeed in discovering if such 
be the case. It may also live in other conifers, as Provancher records 
taking the female on the buds of white pine, on which I have also taken 
one specimen. 
Xiphydria canadensis, Prov.? In an article on X. albicornis (A 
new foe to the maple.” Rep. Ent. Soc., Ont., 1883, p. 40), I stated that 
some of the males had the antennez black, as in X. Provancheri, Cress., 
and that this species and X. canadensis were probably only varieties of 
X. albicornis, with which may be also included probably X. macudata, 
Say. In re-studying my specimens,J find a female which seezas to be 
distinct, but which, however, does not agree with descriptions of any of 
the species quoted above as regards markings, although it agrees with 
X. canadensis in having the ‘‘ head rugose except upon the vertex,” and 
not wishing to create an unnecessary new name I have placed it under 
that. It has the following characteristics which are not given in the 
other descriptions :—Antenne black, 16-jointed only, the second joint 
much shorter than in a/bicornis, not more than half as long as the 
third ; no white markings above the antennz on the front, but an almost 
square patch below and a small spot on each side of clypeus, adjoining a 
larger spot under the eye. There is also a small spot on the posterior 
margin of the head behind each eye, and two short lines above ocelli 
which are differently situated from those of a/bicornis. In that species 
the lines start about on a level with ocelli and stop before attaining the 
occipital margin, while in the specimen under consideration they start 
from the occipital margin and stop at some distance above ocelli. The 
cox are also uniformly rufous instead of black, or blackish, and the 
markings of thorax are different. The usual white spots occur on seg- 
ments one to seven of abdomen, with the exception of the sixth. 
Xiphydria rufiventris, Cress. This addition to the Canadian fauna 
has been made by Mr. Fletcher, who has a fine female example taken last 
year. 

64 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
Tremex columba, Vann. In July, 1891, Mr. John Stewart, of this 
city, informed me that he had a stick of firewood containing a great many 
larvee of beetles. Some days later I called on him to examine it and 
found that the insects had commenced to emerge, and that they were the 
common Horntail. The log was gnarlly rock-maple, about ro inches in 
diameter, partly decayed, but still very hard, as was proved in sawing 
out a section, which I took home. I secured a number of larvee and 
pup, and from the section retained numerous flies emerged, of which 
only one was a male. On leaving for Japan (July 22nd) I iocked the 
block up in an old cabinet, and on my return found that several more 
females had appeared, and of course died during my absence. ‘The fact 
of most interest concerning these is that one had endeavored to deposit 
in tbe block, and had died with the cvipositor deeply inserted. 
NEW CHERNETIDA FROM THE UNITED STATES. 
BY NATHAN BANKS, SEA CLIFF, N. Y. 
Since my last article on this group (CaN. Ent, Aug., 1891), I have 
obtained quite a number of forms ; some of the new ones are described in 
this article. ‘lwo genera, new to the U. S., are recorded, both of which 
occur in South America. Chelifer alius, described by Leidy in Proc. 
Phil. Acad. Sci., 1877, agrees, as far as description goes, with Chelanops 
oblongus, Say, and with no other form known to me, therefore I consider 
it a synonym of C. oblongus. 
CHELANOPS PALLIPES, 0. Sp. 
Length, 3mm. Coiour: cephalothorax, dark brown ; palpi, red-brown ; 
dorsal scute, yellow-brown ; legs, yellow-brown. General appearance of 
C. acuminatus, but the hand is not black as in that species. Structure 
also similar to C. acuminatus, differs in being furnished with clavate 
hairs ; the trochanter does not project as much behind ; the femur is more 
slender; the tibia is not nearly as much gibbose on the inner side; the 
hand less broad and shorter ; the fingers much more slender, about as 
long as the hand. 
California. A few specimens. 
CHELANOPS LATUS, Nl. Sp. 
Length, 3.2 mm. Cephalothorax and palpi red-brown, the fingers 
black, scute red-brown, legs brownish-yellow. Structure similar to C. 

on ae 
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST: 65 
acuminatus ; hairs simple, the trochanter is less gibbose behind, the 
femur a little more slender; the tibia enlarges quite suddenly on the 
internal margin, but is then more parallel with the external margin than 
in either C. acuminatus or C. pallipes; the hand is more slender than in 
C. acuminatus, and the sides are quite nearly parallel; the fingers stout 
and much shorter than the hand. 
East Florida. Under bark of pine trees. Common. 
CHELANOPS GROSSUS, 0. sp. 
Length, 2, 4.7 mm.; ¢,3.3 mm. Similar to C. od/ongus, Say, but 
very much larger. Palpi uniform dark red-brown; anterior part of 
cephalothorax similar but paler, beyond the suture yellowish ; dorsal 
scutz, yellow-brown ; legs, pale. Body very long and narrow ; cephalo- 
thorax shining, smooth ; palpi with long simple hairs. Palpi similar to C. 
oblongus ; hand longer and the sides more parallel; the tibia not so 
much swollen on the inner side and thus more slender. 
Colorado. [Dr. C. F. Baker.] Apparently common. 
OLPIUM OBSCURUM, D0. Sp. 
Length, 2 mm. Colour in life blackish, in alcohol the cephalothorax 
and abdomen greenish with sides blackish, legs pale with a greenish 
tinge, palpi brownish-yellow with a tinge of green, hands darkest. 
Cephalothorax narrower in front than behind, anterior eyes about their 
diameter from anterior margin, posterior eyes just behind anterior ones 
and looking more dorsal; stylet simple ; abdomen widest at about 
seventh segment, quite long; palpi shorter than abdomen ; trochanters 
somewhat conical, sides convex ; femur not quite as long as cephalo- 
thorax is broad at posterior margin, barely pedicellate ; sides almost 
parallel, internal margin a little convex near base, then a little concave, 
external margin almost straight ; tibia short, pedicellate, a little shorter 
than femur and broader than that joint, both sides convex ; hand about 
as long as tibia, barely pedicellate, sides but little convex ; fingers a little 
shorter than hand and curved. 
East Florida. One specimen, swept from grass. 
Roncus, Koch. 
Allied to Chthonius, Ciffers in having but one eye on each side of 
cephalothorax. Not previously known from U. S. 

66 THE CANADIAN ENTCMOLOGIST. 
RONCUS PACIFICUS, Nn. Sp. 
Length, 7.6 mm. Colour, pale whitish ; mandibles and claws of 
palpi reddish; femora of palpi sometimes reddish ; dorsal scutie of 
abdomen yellowish-brown ; legs with a pinkish tinge ; young specimens 
lighter than adult ones. Mandibles large, as in CAthonius ; cephalothorax 
somewhat narrower behind than in front, sides slightly curved, one large 
eye each side near anterior margin; palpi not as long as body; hand 
with fingers almost as long as cephalothorax plus mandibles ; femur 
about as long as cephalothorax, sides about parallel ; tibia almost conical, 
almost as wide at tip as the hand at base; hand not pedicellate, longer 
than tibia, sides but little convex: fingers longer than hand, about 
straight ; legs short, hind pairs not much enlarged. Body and append- 
ages with simple hairs. 
Washington State. [Kincaid.| A few specimens. 
IpEoroncus, Balzan. 
Allied to Od/séum, but has ouly one eye each side of cephalothorax 
and the claw of mandible has a prominent stylet. Species previously 
known from South America. 
IDEORONCUS OBSCURUS, 0. Sp, 
Length, 3.2 mm. Colour, pale whitish ; anterior part of cephalo- 
thorax with a reddish tinge, mandibles pinkish, palpi red, dorsal scutz 
pale yellowish ; body soft. The mandibles have a long stylet, which is 
divided into two parts ; the cephalothorax is a little narrower in front 
than behind ; the eyes, hardly perceptible above, are two, one each side, 
about its diameter from anterior margin ; the cephalothorax just in front 
of eyes is more suddenly narrowed than elsewhere. Palpi shorter than 
body ; trochanters almost twice as long as wide, the internal margin 
about straight, external margin quite suddenly but not greatly swollen ; 
femur not quite as long as cephalothorax and broader than trochanters, 
pedicellate, internal margin at first convex then concave, external margin 
convex, slightly narrower near tip thaa near base ; tibia shorter, pedicel- 
late, external margin evenly convex, internal one convex, more so near 
base than near tip; hand as long as tibia, short pedicellate, much broader 
than other joints, neither margin much convex; fingers Shorter than 
hand, slightly curved, stout. Body and appendages with simple hairs. 
Abdomen long, sides nearly parallel, not much broader than cephalo- 
thorax. The outlines of trochanters can be distinctly seen on the femora 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 67 
of all legs. The tarsi are divided into two parts by a transverse suture ; 
posterior pairs of legs but little larger than the anterior pairs. 
Washington State. [Kincaid.] Two specimens. 
CHTHONIUS SPINOSUS, 0. sp. 
Length, r.7 mm. Colour, hard parts pale tinged with reddish-brown, 
venter of abdomen white ; abdomen with a few silvery white spots. 
Anterior part of cephalothorax a little wider than posterior, the anterior 
portion bent downward and divided in the middle by a deep furrow, 
the mandibles bent downward; the cephalothorax, basal joints of 
mandibles, and segments of abdomen provided with scattered conical 
tubercles which bear a spine at tip. Cephalothorax and palpi finely 
granulated, basal joint of palpus [trochanter] short, not visible from above ; 
femur about length of cephalothorax, sides nearly straight, tip a little 
larger than base, patella short, almost conical ; hand once and a-half as 
long as patella, sides nearly straight but little swollen, the inner side the 
most so; fingers straight, longer than hand. Eyes a little more than 
their diameters apart. Abdomen twice as long as cephalothorax. 
Anterior legs long and slender ; posterior pairs larger but hardiy longer ; 
trochanters distinct on posterior pairs. 
Citrus Co., Florida. [C.M. Weed.] Quite common. 
DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW BRACONIDS BRED BY PROF. A. D. 
HOPKINS. 
BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD, WASHINGTON, D. C. 
In the following pages I describe the new Braconids bred by Prof. A. 
D. Hopkins, of the West Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, as 
recorded by him in Insect Life, Vol. IV., pages 256 to 259. 
The types are in the National Museum. 
Subfamily Braconip&. 
BRACON, Fabr. 
(in). 1702,.sp.. my) Bracon, lixi, Ashm:,.MS.,, Ins. Life, IV., p. 257. 
2?—Length, 3.5 mm.; ovipositor, 1 mm. Brownish-yellow; stem- 
maticum, metathorax above, first abdominal segment and an oblong 
median spot on second segment at base, black ; sometimes the middle 
lobe of meso-scutum is black anteriorly ; antenne 35-jointed, brown. 
Head and thorax smooth, shining, the head transverse. Wings hyaline ; 
tegulz yellow ; costa, stigma and nervures dark brown ; recurrent nervure 

68 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
received in the apical angle of the first submarginal cell; second 
abscissa of radius twice as long as first; second submarginal cell twice as 
wide at base as at apex. Legs pale brownish-yellow, the apex of pos- 
terior tibia above and the basal 3 or 4 joints of tarsi more or less dusky. 
Abdomen oblong oval, the first segment above and the black median spot 
on the second, rugulose ; rest of the surface granulated or shagreened ; 
the first segment is the longest; the second and third about equal, the 
suture between being distinct, crenated ; the following subequal, the 
fourth being one-third shorter than the third. 
Hab.—Morgantown, W. Va. 
Bred from Lixus scrobicollis, living in Ambrosia trifida. 
(2) L. rufomarginatus, sp. n. : 
? —Length, 2 mm.; ovipositor, 0.5 mm. Polished black ; orbits, a 
line extending from base of eye and along the clypeus, yellow; palpi 
black ; legs black, beneath pale brownish ; lateral margins of the. abdo- 
men and the venter reddish-yellow ; antennz 24-jointed, black ; wings 
fuliginous ; the second abscissa of radius one-half longer than the first ; 
the second submarginal cell not narrowed at apex 
Hab.— Morgantown, W. Va. 
Comes nearest to B. phycidis Riley, but with darker wings and dif- 
ferent coloured legs. 
Subfamily EXoTHECINe. 
RuysIPoLis, Forster. 
(3) 2? R. biformis, sp. n. Rhysipolis biformis, Ashm., MS., Ins. Life, 1V., 
west. 
? —Length, 3.5 mm.; ovipositor a little longer than the abdomen. 
Head and thorax black, pubescent ; abdomen ferruginous ; anterior coxe, 
all trochanters, except slightly on the upper surface, annulus at base of 
all tibiee and all tarsi, honey-yellow or pale ferruginous ; middle and an- 
terior coxe and all femora black; mesopleura reddish or piceous. 
Head quadrate, above smooth, polished, with a delicate occipital margin ; 
face finely punctate with a sparse, rather long, whitish pubescence ; man- 
dibles black ; palpi piceous. Thorax finely shagreened, the parapsidal 
furrows obsolete posteriorly but sharply defined anteriorly, the middle 
lobe just in front of scutellum depressed, rugulose with a slight median 
keel ; meso-pleura smooth and pale or piceous at the middle, with a slight 
longitudinal sulcus ; scutellum smooth, with a crenate furrow across the 
base ; meta-thorax rugose, with a delicate median carina down the centre 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 69 
slightly forked at apex. Wings subfuliginous, the stigma and venation 
brown ; submedian cell longer than the median, the recurrent nervure 
not interstitial but joining the first submarginal cell at the lower apical 
angle ; first abscissa of radius about half the length of the second. 
Abdomen ferruginous or reddish-yellow, the first and second segments 
rugose or shagreened, the following smooth, polished. In one specimen 
the basal part of the third segment, as well as the first two, is also 
shagreened. 
In the ¢ the apical margins of the third and following abdominal 
segments are piceous; the antenne are much longer than the body, 
brown-black, 36-jointed ; the legs similar to the female, but with the 
femora more piceous, not black ; otherwise as in female. 
Hab.—Morgantown, W. Va. 
Bred Sept. 14, 1891, from a Buprestid, or Longicorn, larva living 
under bark of dead Spruce Adzes nigra. 
I am doubtful about the position of this insect, as it might just as 
well be placed in the genus Doryctes as in Rhysipfolis, having a close 
resemblance to Doryctes radiatus Cr., D. mactlentus Prov., D. fartus 
Prov., and other species in this genus. 
Subfamily RHyssALINné&. 
Ruyssauus, Haliday. 
(4) R. pityophthori, sp. n. Rhyssalus pityophthori, Ashm., MS., Ins. 
Life, LV. ps 2157: 
? —Length, 1.2 mm.; ovipositor shorter than the abdomen. Black, 
shining ; head transverse, smooth, impunctured ; mandibles and palpi 
pale ferruginous ; antenne very little longer than the body, (?) 17-jointed. 
Thorax alutaceous, the parapsidal furrows distinct, the middle lobe with 
a median impressed line anteriorly. Wings hyaline, strongly iridescent, 
the stigma and nervures brown, the first abscissa of radius two-thirds the 
length of the second, the marginal cell long, extending to tip of wing. 
Legs, including coxe, pale or honey-yellow. Abdomen oblong-oval, 
ferruginous, the ovipositor black. 
Hab. 
Bred July 29, 189, from Yellow Pine twigs infested with Pityoph- 
thorus, sp. 
Morgantown, W. Va. 

70 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
Subfamily SparHiNa. 
SPATHIUS, Nees. 
The following table will aid in determining the species in this genus 
known to me as occurring in our fauna :— 
TABLE OF SPECIES. 
Wings fuscous or blackish, with 3 white transverse bands (7. ¢., one white 
band with the base and apex of wing white).....................3 
to 
Wings fuscous, with one white bands. s.4...24 .4 40828. 
Wings hyaline or subhyaline, without bands. 
Testaceous ; pleura, metathorax and petiole biackish or fuscous. 
Petiole very long and slender, two-thirds the length of the 
thorax ; legs entirely pale yellow ; antenne 24-jointed. (¢, 
length, 2.5 to 3 mm.)....... .....S. Jougipettolatus, sp. n. 
Testaceous ; abdomen from apex of second segment black. 
Petiole not more than half the length of thorax; legs pale 
yellow ; antennz 24-jointed. (¢, length, 2.1 mm.)...... 
ee ee 5 sans as COL OFNIEUS,. SP. Di. 
Black ; face, collar, mesopectus, legs, petiole and basal half of 
second abdominal segment, testaceous. 
Petiole a little longer than half the length of thorax ; hind 
femora subfuscous. Antenne 23-jointed. (7, length, 2 mm.) 
.S. claripeniis, sp. n. 
N 
Black ; head, apex of petiole, base of second segment, fuscous or 
piceous ; all femora much swollen ; trochanters, annulus at base 
of tibie and the tarsi, white; ovipositor twice the length of abdomen. 
Antenne 34-jointed. (2, length, 4 to 4.5 mm.)...S. 2¢fasciatus,sp.n. 
Species for the most part testaceous or brownish-yellow..........4 
Species black or dark fuscous. 
ioe) 
Collar, petiole and base of second segment, pale brownish-yellow ; 
trochanters, base of tibiz and the tarsi, yellowish-white ; 
sometimes the mesopectus and head more or less rufo-testace- 
ous ; basal half of second abdominal segment always finely 
sculptured or shagreened; ovipositor 114 to 2 times as long 
as the abdomen. 
?, antenne 32 to 35-jointed; ¢, antenne 25-jointed. 
(Length, from 2 to 4.5 mm.)...,....S. semz/limus, sp 0. 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. val 
Ovipositor not longer than the abdomen. 
Head polished, with traces of faint transverse striz before the 
ocelli but none behind; second abdominal segment 
faintly granulated at base. 
2, antenne 29-30 ; dpn26jomted.\ (Length; 2 sto.s2:5 
mms): eis Pelee neeewis a LOMICE:, SP. Tl: 
Ovipositor half the fenoth oF. abdomen! 
Head transversely rugulose ; second abdominal segment 
perfectly smooth, polished. 
¢, antennz broken. (Length, 3 mm.).. starts 
Pea ee, us, Sp. n. 
4. Rust brown, disk af Sharax ae Soutellu Biel 
Ovipositor nearly twice the length of the whole insect. 
Head polished, although faintly transversely aciculated ; 
abdomen elongate, black, shining, the petiole finely 
rugose, not longitudinally striated; the second segment 
with some faint aciculations only at base. 
?, antennz 20-jointed, reaching only to the base of the 
metathorax. (Length 3.5 to 4 mm.).. nn 
5c Sidi: + egeuseerees Ars [afatmen Bice. 
Ovipositor not Ge as DiGi as ae quole 5 insect. 
Head opaque, finely rugose, the rugze posteriorly transverse ; 
abdomen oblong-oval, the apical one-third of the second 
segment and following segments black polished ; petiole 
coarsely longitudinally striated ; basal half of second 
segment shagreened. 
?, antenne multiarticulate (broken at tips). (Length, 
Sb TMI) as) t «aga encore papaegates 3920/7 OG TRUES “SD Te 
Brownish-yellow or testaceous, sometimes varied with fuscous. 
Ovipositor shorier than the body, usually shorter than the 
abdomen. 
Head finely rugose and transversely aciculated ; second 
abdominal segment basally feebly shagreened ; ovi- 
positor longer than the abdomen. (Length, 4.5 to 5 
HIME) Patan ciedsigets - Meee Pac ars, 9 Ss, SALE RCIOL ES), TIE. 
Ovipositor shorter than abdomen. 
Head polished without or with very faint transverse acicula- 
tions ; base of second segment and the petiole yellow, 
‘ 

~I 
bo 
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
rest of abdomen black, the basal half of the second 
segment very finely shagreened. Antennz 23-jointed, 
a little longer than the body. (9, length, 2.8 mm.).. 
re eee eee, .. ++... Canadensis, Ashm. 
Head shining, transversely striated; basal two-thirds of 
second segment finely shagreened, the rest of abdomen 
smooth, polished. Antenne 30-jointed, longer than the 
body. \(@, lengsth¢3.5' min. ).. 224k ani ea aes Spa, 
Head opaque, minutely transversely rugulose ; the second 
segment has the basal one-third finely shagreened, then 
followed by a smooth polished space and again sha- 
greened, and polished again at apex. Antenne longer 
than the body, more than 33-jointed (the tips broken 
off),.0%- O plength, 4am) 6. % 5 +. . iS. drunneus, Ashm. 
Head smooth polished, with scarcely a trace of any trans- 
verse aciculations ; second segment polished, impunc- 
tured. Antennze 25-jointed. (9, length, 3 mm.)...... 
Sg oad SEGUOIA, ASHM. 
(5) S. claripennis, sp. n. Spathius clavipennis, Ashm , MS. (err. impr.), 
Ins, Lite, lV, p257: ; 
?.—Length, 2 mm. Black; prothorax, mesopectus, petiole and 
basal half of second abdominal segment, testaceous or yellow ; legs pale, 
the posterior femora and their tibiz toward apex slightly dusky. Wings 
hyaline, the stigma and nervures brown, Antenne 23-jointed, fuscous, 
the basal three or four joints pale yellowish. The head is polished, with 
some faint transverse aciculations on the vertex. ‘Thorax subopaque, 
finely granulated or shagreened ; the petiole longitudinally striate. 
Hab.— Morgantown, W. Va. 
Bred April 20, 1892, from Polygraphus rufipennis living under the 
bark of dead Adves nigra. 
(6) S. unifasciatus, sp. n.  Spathius unifasciatus, Ashm., MS., Ins. 
life; INV... pz 253: 
2 .—Length, 4 to 4.5 mm. Black; collar anteriorly dull ferruginous ; 
apex of petiole and base of second segment reddish piceous ; legs fuscous, 
anterior and middle cox and trochanters, posterior trochanters and an- 
nulus at base of all tibiae, white; tarsi more or less pallid beneath. 
Antenne 34-jointed, fuscous, the basal 3 or 4 joints pallid. The 
head is polished, the vertex faintly transversely aciculated, the frons and 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 73 
face rougher ; thorax closely granulated, opaque, the middle lobe pos- 
teriorly, pleura and metathorax, finely rugulose, the latter indistinctly 
areolated. Wings fuliginous, with a white band across the middle from 
the base of the stigma, the apex of the wing showing scarcely any white. 
All the femora are very much swollen, while the abdomen, except the 
petiole, is smooth, polished; petiole longitudinally striate, somewhat 
rugose basally. 
Hab.— Morgantown, W. Va. 
Bred April 29, 1892, from Scolytus g-spinosus living under the bark 
of Carya alba. 
(7) S. stmillimus, sp. n. 
¢,9.—Length, 2 to 4.5 mm. Black; collar, mesopectus and petiole 
pale ferruginous or brownish-yellow. Head above transversely aciculated; 
thorax opaque, closely granulated; the middle mesothoracic lobe pos- 
teriorly and the metathorax finely rugose, the latter faintly areolated ; 
petiole striate. Wings fuscous, white at base and tips, and with a trans- 
verse white band from the base of stigma. Antenne in 2 32 to 35- 
jointed, in ¢ 25-jointed, fuscous, pale toward base. Legs fuscous ; the 
coxe and trochanters, annulus at base of tibie and the tarsi, white. 
Abdomen, except petiole and base of second segment, black, the basal half 
of the second segment shagreened ; ovipositor as long or very little 
shorter than the body. 
Hab.—Morgantown, W. Va. 
Bred May 18 and 25, 1892, from Agrilus bilineatus living in White 
Oak stump. 
(8) S. brachyurus, sp. n. Spathius brevicaudus, Ashm., MS. (Olim. 
preoc.), Ins. Life, IV., p. 258. 
?.—Length, 3 mm.; ovipositor half the length of abdomen. Much 
like S. s¢mid/imus, but with the lower part of head, the prothorax, meta- 
thorax and petiole brownish, the ovipositor very much shorter, in 
simillimus being about as long as the whole insect, while in drachyurus 
it is only half the length of the abdomen. The head is transversely 
rugulose ; the legs and antenne brown, the tibie not annulated with 
white, the femora not especially thickened ; while the second abdominal 
segment is perfectly smooth and polished. 
Hab.—Morgantown, W. Va. 
Bred Nov. 10, 1890, and March 15, 1891, from Dryocoetes auto- 
graphus living under bark of dead Adzes exce/sa. 

74 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
(9) S. pallidus, sp. n. 
?.—Length, 3. mm.; ovipositor a little longer than the abdomen. 
Pale ferruginous or honey-yellow ; coxze, trochanters, base of tibie and 
tarsi, whitish. Head shining, transversely striated ; antennie 30-jointed, 
longer than the body ; petiole as long as the body of abdomen, striated ; 
second abdominal segment nearly twice the length of the third, the basal 
two-thirds finely shagreened or coriaceous, the following segments 
polished, impunctured. Wings fuscous, whitish at base and tips, and with 
a white band across from base of stigma. The parapsidal furrows are dis- 
tinct, converging and meeting at base of scutellum, the middie lobe thus 
formed being smooth and not rugose at base just in front of the scutellum, 
as in the other species. 
Hab.—Morgantown, W. Va. 
Bred trom Zomicus cacegraphus living in Yellow Pine. 
Subfamily HEcABOLIN«. 
LYSITERMUS, Forster. 
(10) L. scolyticida, sp. n. Lysitermus scolyticida, Ashm.,-MS., Ins, 
site: SiVawpe asic: 
Q.—Length, 2.1 mm. Black, shining, impunctured ; mesoscutum 
with two distinct furrows ; metathorax finely rugose ; wings hyaline, 
nervures brown ; legs honey-yellow, the posterior tibia and tarsi sub- 
fuscous. Antenne 17-jointed, black, the three basal joints yellow. 
Abdomen oblong-ovate, composed of but three visible segments, the first 
segment and the second at the extreme base striated, otherwise smooth 
and polished ; ovipositor as long as the abdomen. 
Hab.— Morgantown, W. Va. 
Bred April 30, 1891, from Scolytus 4-spinosus living under Hickory 
bark. 
CNOPHANES, Forster. 
In describing the species in this genus reared by Prof. Hopkins, I 
have taken advantage of the opportunity to publish a table of the species 
known to me in our fauna, believing the characters given in the table 
sufficient for the recognition of all the species. 
TABLE OF SPECIES. 
Testaceous or brownish-yellow species......:... 0.2... .0 eee verve? 
Black or blackish-fuscous species. 
Ovipositor longer than the whole insect. 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. (Gas 
basal two-thirds of second longitudinally striated, the 
second with a transverse impressed line at the middle. 
Metathorax with two areas at base; antenne in ? 
2A TOILE . aera. was. Ca lONSICAUAUS, Sp. TN. 
Metathorax rugose, but without areas at _ base; 
antenne in ? 18-jointed....C. flavicollis, sp. n. 
Ovipositor not quite as long as the body. 
Head piceous, polished ; collar, mesosternum, legs and basal 
half of abdomen, yellow ; antennz 24-jointed ; metathorax 
with two smooth areas at base........C. consimitlis, sp. n. 
Ovipositor scarcely as long as the abdomen. 
Head minutely punctulate, subopaque ; legs, base of second 
abdominal segment and the three terminal segments, 
yellowish ; first segment, basal two-thirds of second and 
base of third and fourth, striated ; the second segment 
with two transverse impressed lines ; antenne 28-jointed 
SRLS stae Pte cS ciabene > Se RAVE. Samia ces ACO ARSULIC. Spit: 
Head transversely aciculated, shining ; legs brown, trochanters 
and tarsi yellow; abdomen piceous black, the first and 
second segments striated, the following smooth ; antennze 
INNO GEO; pgs 1 Oj OINtEin a, aon (=. G. alrata, .AShm. 
Ovipositor half the length of abdomen. 
Head polished, impunctured ; legs yellowish-white ; abdomen 
piceous or yellowish at base of second segment, also some- 
times at apex of first ; first segment, basal two-thirds of 
second and base of third, striated; rest of abdomen 
smooth, shining, the second segment with a transverse 
impressed line at the middle; antenne in 2 23-jointed.. 
AEROS DOA EIS i REE CARE Renee Ce GIIAECIG, Spe te 
Head transversely aciculated ; legs brownish-yellow, the hind 
coxee black ; abdomen finely rugose, the first segment and 
the following segments (except apical portion of the 3, 4 
and 5, two-thirds of the 6 and the 7, which are polished), 
striated ; second segment with two longitudinal furrows ; 
antennee 25-jOolnted .¢0....-..........C, Joreadés, AShm. 
Legs pale brown, trochanters and tarsi whitish; abdomen 
elongate ovate, black, polished, the first two segments and 

76 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 
the third at extreme base striated, the second segment 
without a transverse furrow ; ¢, antennz 22-jointed...... 
C. pityophthori, sp. n 
Ovipositor one-third the length of abdomen. 
Head smooth, polished; collar, mesosternum, second abdo- 
minal segment and the avex of abdomen, more or less, 
yellow ; first segment, basal two-thirds of second, and base 
of third and fourth, striated ; the second with two trans- 
verse impressed lines ; antennz 25-jointed. . : 
C ee ae sp. n 
Ovipositor longer than the abdomen. 
Head black or piceous black, polished, impunctured ; scutellum 
with two large fovew at base ; metathorax with two large 
areas at base, posteriorly rugose or reticulated ; antennz 
In & SrA Omted.:..« 5 =... Bed ooo agen rae Cal nigeps open 
Ovipositor two-thirds the length of abdomen. 
Metathorax with two areas at base. 
Head transversely aciculated. 
First abdominal segment andj basal two-thirds of 
second striated ; rest of abdomen smooth, polish- 
ed, the second segment with a transverse imn- 
pressed line; antenne in ¢ and @ 25-jointed.. 
ds A gs .C. hylotruptdis, sp. 
First aiaceel eenenn. Bact two-thirds of He 
and the bases of the third and fourth, striated, the 
second with two transverse impressed lines ; 
antenne in f 30-,in Q 25-jointed. 
.C. aciculatus, sp. 0 
Ovipositor less. than half the length of the abdomen. 
Metathorax with a petiolate, diamond (‘) shaped area. 
Head transversely aciculated ; first abdominal segment, the 
second, except at apex, and base of third and fourth, 
striated, the second with a transverse impressed line 
at basal one-third and a transverse depression a little 
beyond ; antenne in ? 36-jointed..C. prodoxz, Riley. 
Metathorax rugose, reticulated, with two areas at base. 
Head smooth, polished; first abdominal segment, 

~J 
~J 
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
basal two-thirds of second, striated, the second 
with a transverse furrow at the middle.... 
SO ses re Mont ey .C. melleus, Riley. 
Ovipositor one-third the length of abdomen. 
Metathorax rugose, but not areolated ; first abdominal segment 
and basal half of seccnd, striated; rest of abdomen 
smooth, A ae antenne in 2 58-,in ¢ 1g-jointed.. 
_C. Koebelet, Raley. 
Mectathorax with a Spedolate, demote: ayaped area at the middle 
and with two areas at base ; first, second and base of third 
abdominal segments striated, the rest smooth, polished ; 
antenne in 2 24-jointed, in f 27 or 28-jointed... Nes 
| _C. Chittendenit, sp. n. 
(10) C. Zangurige, sp. mn. Caenophanes languriz, Ashm., MS., Ins. Life, 
IV ps 2538: 
3,2.—Length, 2.5 to 3 mm.; ovipositor scarcely as long as the abdo- 
men. Head and thorax black, the parapsidal furrows, collar and meso- 
pleura ferruginous, with sometimes the face and orbits ferruginous, the 
second abdominal segment with 2 transverse impressed lines ; abdomen 
in pale ferruginous, in @ darker, with the base of second abdominal 
segment and the three last segments yellowish. Head minutely punc- 
tulate ; antennez in both sexes 28-jointed ; wings sub-hyaline, the first and 
second branches of the radius equal in length ; first abdominal segment, 
basal two-thirds of second, and base of the third, and in the ¢ the 
sutures at base of 3, 4 and 5, striated. 
Hab.— Morgantown, W. Va. 
Bred Dec. 24, 1891, and Feb. 24, 1892, from Zanguria larve living 
in pith of Ambrosia trifida and artemisiefolia. 
(11) C. anthaxie, sp. n. Caenophanes anthaxiz, Ashm., MS., Ins. Life, 
[Veo ps 258: 
¢,2.—Length, 2.5 to 3 mm.; ovipositor half the length of abdomen. 
Head and thorax in ¢ black. in ? fuscous ; the head polished, im- 
punctured; thorax closely microscopically punctate, the middle lobe 
posteriorly rugose ; abdomen ferruginous, the first segment, basal two- 
thirds of the second, and the suture between segmenis 3 and 4, striate ; 
legs pale yellow ; wings hyaline, the first abscissa of radius two-thirds the 
length of the second, Abdomen sometimes fuscous, with a pale blotch 
at the middle, 

78 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
Hab.— Morgantown, W. Va. 
Bred May 4 and June 24, 1892, from Anthaxia piridicornis infesting 
Willow ; and May 26, from an Agridus larva living under the bark of 
Dogwood, Cornus florida. 
(12) C. pityophthori,sp.n. Caenopbanes pityophthori, Ashm. M. S., Ins. 
es IV, ps oes; 
d .—Length, 2mm. Black ; second abdominal segment at base and 
sometimes the petiole at apex ferruginous ; head shining, faintly trans- 
versely aciculated on vertex ; thorax opaque, minutely granulated ; meta- 
thorax areolated, the pleura rugose; antenne 22-jointed, black, the 3 
basal joints yellow ; abdomen elongate ovate, black, polished, the first 
two segments and the third at extreme base or the suture striated. Legs 
pale yellowish. Wings hyaline, the first abscissa of radius less than two- 
thirds the length of the second. 
Hab.—Morgantown, W. Va. 
Bred Feb. 24, 1892, from Petyophthorus sp. living under the bark of 
a small dying Spruce, Adzes nigra. 
(13) C. hylotrupidis, sp. n. Caenophanes hylotrupidis, Ashm., MS., Ins. 
Lite, TV, Pp: 256: 
3,¢.—Length, 2.5 to 3 mm.; ovipositor two-thirds ‘the length of 
abdomen. Pale ferruginous ; metathoracic sutures fuscous. Head above 
transversely aciculated ; thorax finely granulated, the middle lobe pos- 
teriorly strongly rugose ; metathorax, except the two basal areas, rugose, 
and with a a-shaped carina at the middle ; first abdominal segment and 
basal two-thirds of the second striate, rest of abdomen smooth, polished, 
the second segment with a transverse impressed line at the middle. 
Antenne in both sexes 25-jointed. Wings hyaline, the stigma and 
nervures pale brown, the first and second branches of the radius about 
equal in length. 
Hab.— Morgantown, W. Va. 
Bred April 4, 1891, from Aylotrupes ligneus living in Juniperus 
virginiana. 
Subfamily HELCONIN#. 
HE tcon, Nees. 
(14) A. occidentalis, Cr. Helcon tetrapodii, Ashm., MS. (olim), Ins. 
Die IV 2.4.50; 
Bred July 14, 1891, from Zetrapodium cinnamoplerum living in sap- 
wood of Spruce log Adies nigra. 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 79 
Subfamily ALysIIN#&. 
ADELURA, Forster. 
(15) A. ¢zbialis, sp. n. 
¢.—Length, 1.5 mm. Polished black ; lower half of head, two basal 
joints of antenne, legs, including cox, except the posterior tibiae which 
are fuscous, and first and second abdominal segments, honey-yellow. 
Head transverse, wider than the thorax, the ocelli close together. Palpi 
- white. Antennee 24-jointed, black, much longer than the body. Thorax 
smooth, without distinct parapsidal furrows, or only indistinctly impressed 
anteriorly. Mesopleura piceous ; metathorax almost smooth, the surface 
wrinkled posteriorly. Wings large, hyaline, the tegule white, the costa 
and the elongate stigma black; rest of venation brown ; the first branch 
of the radius very short, the second very long, about twice the length of 
the first transverse cubital nervure ; the second submarginal cell very 
long, twice as broad at base as at apex ; recurrent nervure almost inter- 
stitial received in the angle of the second submarginal cell ; submedian 
cell a little longer than the median. Abdomen oblong-oval, smooth, 
shining, the first segment finely rugose. 
Hab.— Morgantown, W. Va. 
Subfamily DacNUSEN&. 
CoELINIUS, Nees. 
(16) C. Hopkinsii, sp. n. 
Q?.—Length, 4mm. _ Black, shining ; prothorax, legs, including coxe, 
and the second abdominal segment, brownish-yellow ; mandibles rufous ; 
palpi white. Head oblong, smooth and polished ; face punctate with a 
median carina, pubescent. Antennz 33-jointed, black, as long as the 
body; the two basal joints, and the flagellum beneath for more than half 
its length, brownish-yellow. Thorax smooth, shining, trilobed ; meso- 
pleura separated from the mesosternum by a large longitudinal furrow 
and with a triangular fovea posteriorly; the surface, except anteriorly 
where it is sparsely punctate, is smooth and shining ; metathorax rugose. 
Wings hyaline, the venation brown-black, the costa towards base and the 
tegule yellowish. Abdomen twice as long as the thorax, compressed 
beyond the second segment ; except the second segment, black, smooth 
and shining; the first segment is one-third longer than the second, 
rugulose, smoother at apex. 
Hab.— Morgantown, W. Va. 

80 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
SYNOPSIS OF THE ASILID GENUS DIOCTRIA. 
BY D. W. COQUILLETT, LOS ANGELES, CAL. 
The following table includes all the species of Dvoctria known to me 
as occurring in North America :— 
1. Wings on the basal half yellow, on the apical half blackish.........2 
Wings not marked like this, nearly uniformly blackish.. .........3 
2. Legs wholly black ; length, 4 mm.................parvulus, 0. sp. 
Legs partly reddish-yellow ; ee 7 UNM 2:2 <0. «24 ye QGeereee,, Wall, 
ee Abdomen wholly black. . bs ere et OR oa ney 
Abdomen and legs partly reddish. ee rr ene oe tS 
4. Legs wholly black. . a, 
Legs having base of tibiz broadly. reddish- -yellow ; : “mystax black 
..nitida, Will. 
5. Mystax Black ae es, ee albius, Walk. 
Mystax red. Reiss _resplendens, Lw. 
6. Antennal style. nearly half as rong as ‘the third joint, coxe red 
<n PUSed, Ono: 
Antennal style. one-sixth as s long ; as the third joint, cox black 
sys cb 45 San ae ee .rubidus, N. sp. 
DIOCTRIA PARVULUS, n. sp. 6. 
Wholly black, shining. Pile of head light yellow, that on sides of 
face very sparse, extending to base of antenne. First two joints of 
antennze subequal in length, the third joint as long as the first two taken 
together ; style one-sixth as long as the third joint, thick and blunt. 
Pile of thorax rather abundant, that on abdomen very sparse and short, 
bright yellow. Base of wings to beginning of fifth posterior cell yellow- 
ish- “white, beyond this blackish ; all posterior and the anal cell open, 
Length, 4mm. Los Angeles County, Cal. Two specimens. 
DIOCTRIA RUBIDUS, Nn. sp. 6. 
Head black, the pile light yellow ; face with a large fovea above the 
centre, below which is a large gibbosity bearing the rather dense mystax ; 
face covered with a very short, brassy yellow pubescence, and with a few 
pile on each side above. Antennz black, first joint one and a-fourth 
times as long as the second, the third joint slightly longer than the first 
two taken together, the style one-sixth as long as the third joint, very 
robust, its tip blunt. Thorax and scutellum shining black, quite thickly 
light yellow pilose. Abdomen shining reddish-brown, except the first 
segment which is black, but sometimes the second segment and a large 
portion of the third and fourth segments are also black ; pile very sparse 
and short, light yellow. Legs yellowish, the cox, trochanters, apical 
three-fourths of hind tibize, and sometimes also of the other tibiee, and all 
the tarsi, black. Wings blackish, all posterior and the anal cell open. 
Halteres yellow. Length, 7 mm. Los Angeles County, Cal. Three 
specimens. 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 81 
NOTES FROM THE CORNELL INSECTARY. 
I.—SOME RESULTS OF A TRAP LANTERN EXPERIMENT. 
BY M. V. SLINGERLAND, CORNELL UNIVERSITY, ITHACA, N.Y. 
May 1, 1889, the Entomological Department of the Cornell Agricul- 
tural Experiment Station set six trap lanterns, at considerable distances 
apart, on the University farm for the purpose of determining their value 
as an insecticide. Each trap consisted simply of a common Jantern set 
in a pan of water whose surface had a thin film of kerosene upon it to 
facilitate the destruction of the insects caught. The lanterns were kept 
burning every night until Oct. 15, 1889, or until no more insects were 
attracted. The captured insects were taken from the pans every morn- 
ing and placed in alcohol, those from each lantern being kept separate. 
So many outside influences, as other lights, the smallness of the area 
covered, etc., entered into the case, that practically no results were 
obtained from the different locations of the lanterns in the number of 
specimens caught by each lantern in any of the species thus far studied. 
Therefore, in the tables which follow, the total catch for each day from 
all the lanterns is placed under that date. 
An immense amount of material was taken, representing nearly every 
order of insects ; the moths, however, included a majority of the speci- 
mens. But comparatively little of the material has yet been studied. 
Several species cf Cut Worm Moths, the Apple-tree Tent Caterpillar 
Moth, and all the species of the May Beetles taken in the lanterns have 
been determined by the writer. As all of these are of economic import- 
ance, the following tables showing the number of specimens of each 
species taken each day will be of economic interest as showing the period 
of flight, when most numerous, the relative commonness of the different 
species, and many other questions of importance, as we shall see. 
TABLE I.—CZistocampa americana taken at Trap Lanterns in 1889 :— 
| 
DATE. MALES, FEMALES, 
[WO DIG Oe aos eos cer Aere Lb COCR ERC I 
COs ill ns SAY hci oi Recah er: 2 
Na CLONE et Beckie oe hee COS One eee | 4 
DMEM 2 PTS. Sonne ote, as, 2 cis ese 3 
ee TR ete Ie oie ChC oie OO 6 
OUP PIR ih th rs ROSE 2 Ot ee REE I 4 
HEY La) aie ape cla eis Cene Ca eae 35 
eT RNY Cl non GEC 85 8 
HE alese oben coat ioey RIC eG eee 46 5 
SEMMuRS-O) eiatst starches shee feta acts, Wipe caie eis) a 100 33 
FEB ve SbAG IS (ACNE a0) COO © CERO 61 25 

82 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
TasLe I.—( Continued ). 
DATE. MALES. FEMALES, 
July Teen Me. 6.2 3. 62 6 
> BF Ses 2 ba dire. He eee: Sc ee 30 | 
~ Coe eee stant ee rane 29 4 
ul Agta: oh 2de dene 35 See 26 | 
CO Eee eee 7 | I 
ue Gre As o's. sc ne rE ae I I 
F Tigh Bo en ar ca Stay eet aren cee I 
. ht ts" on AGP ea te Sees ke I I 
a OiAg aus were ore ene ier Somes I 
a Te sretegeaeasvae fone sky cena ene 5.4 2 I 
Total ic .04 aua5s ac-aeee 513 gS 
Tape I].—Agrotids taken at Trap Lanterns in 1889 :— 
| fy subgothica. | FF. jaculifera. 
DATE. | | ———_______ 
&. ie 3 Q 
july: 42: 228. Sa I 
i) ee ee Re er I 
I ts ieee re eae 1 
ne De as gis 2 
ol EZ OMNS  aceegt Sa] I 
SOP AQ O Wee sick AE ss I 
BD BET ee Near {aud & shes 2 
OID Sree thes ans I 
See Oar eet ern 6 
NPS Obn ats 2 8 f.s'east ira 2 2 
SNES Mes eee cra) Bete 12 2 
MN Ee ei ss yess 7 2 
rae 2 aia bi2t eras 19 2 
es Fe eee as, ee lads.= 9 I I 
SSC? VAs Sais Gi sters Sse 17 8 I 
Ber) Vel iellel ate aeia cue oyohoue 39 4 3 
CO" NG 6 ae tee es sce 5 
OS arr enceeee nc 3 | 
Oe DO iiee, Mesa ereGs 5 | I 
7 Qu akin as 32 I | 
SOO OET Opstaeeiigs ees eyeue 7 I 4 
ace) I UPON PEP tro ee rca 9 
ee NOM ieee ener ae 5 
ge Caktocwcatiy are 30 3 I 2 
PGs heres ee ee | 59 I | 2 
BS. Sa 0) eet ieeen ons or 42 I 
CSS WOT Thi - se Sees Gs onsen ete 76 10 | 2 
BSNS) tereeencrane nt ce 124 3 | I 
Soh PL Oar terete reer 161 9 5 
SEN OOn. aaeraece 198 6 
fe 21. es ae 160 19 I I 
SOD Dis: se eesn ees tareysy 108 6 
ee ee ene 63 2 
SEMA. caeatee etait | 122 10 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 83 
Tas_e II.—/ Continued). 
£ subgothica. F. jaculifera. 
DATE. ; Seo 
3 ? a 
PACU ORL2IG res tsrccd a ees 209 8 
PAG) 5 OE eR 110 7 
JON, Bar geht a go 2 
Lidl hoje Aca aR aR a 93 3 
Spee ZOE eleva 97 4 
UA Seto) magi a ie 53 2 
Eek Te were At sk ae 108 6 
Septe mii a thsnar: 60 8 
Ia eee set ee Sa Hy 65 2 I 
Bre IS pares Sactinee seeks | 50 
* Airs eee urease 87 4 
: esis Cee ae 23 
Set RE erat SA 37 2 
I 7 eee es a Oe ne 8 
Foes Lee sees pera 16 3 
SETS Okaaraver sree | 1 : 
SSemetl ietemaye can evan 1 2 
aAmot mee: I 
aoe nl Gloea smplcee aia eae 2 I 
UUSe A (ieee Seen eRe H I 
weal Volo tale eke SO | I 
Mota seen 2240 142 22 | 9 
One male of Carneades redimicula was taken on the 16th and a 
female on the zgth of July, and a female of Carneades insignata was 
caught July rr. 
Tas_e III.—Zachnosterna taken at Trap Lanterns in 1889 and 
1892 :— 
Susca. | dubia, ilicis. 
DATE. 1889. 1892. || 1889. 1892. 1889. 1892. 
Beale CS. (te leeatiede we Nicos S 9 
MIES ZS Or cresaned Grane I 
See T Sc oten hyo Ske bs eee I 
SOs) co flan Grea 1 I I 
SOS (0) ae ete I 
AFG Gemeente ete I I 2 I 
ee LD Sn athe I I 
SENG erg re eee I 
Palm ALG: ciny. whey Se i I I 2 
SEM OMaire wears I 6 
SG een Sate Pi Ed oe 2 I I 
SOG hl Sy eet te 8 I 2 
eee LO ty. 1.0 Scheie | 22 5 I 
We elo Yc certs ates 4 Week 
Ui aaa ere aa ea | ar | 4 I 

84 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
TasLE IIIl.—( Continued ). 
fusca. | dubia. elects. 
DATE. 1889. | 1892. 1889. 1892. 1889. 1892. 
——- Oo | as C ——— i F ee | — 
IVA 220 Pecns reve ss Ej 2 i| 2 | 
eee See eer does 16 2 || 4 3 
PM ORO ia tim Ghose! 2 I 
Sane 2 = earn ee ae I 
Tae OL eee 10 2 I I | 
Ply (Oloaie ones ghee 2 8 We 
JPME Tes tae eso 131 5 2 2 | 
Brad nee. ieee tern estes 3 2 I I 
Sane, Ee eee eee 4 I 3 6 4 
EN WA eas byes 13 I es 2 
SS Gis tag eed a lates 1 I | I 
PSG @, 293, I | I | 
ae : Mis ay far er sey gah | I 
Ds Ae, aes, Mt fas I I 
ies GAS one on eee 8 2 | I l| 
SS) TOW a s.c8e 5 It 3 Pag eA | | 
OS gn D cr =, AES << ee 4 I 4 | 
Cs ee eee Po ye ef cal I I 
AEE ir Beene Weicee are I 2° 54) 1 | I 
os 15 est ee 6 r|| 43 I } I I 
‘ | 
OL ie ens ese nene ies 5 5 I 
Se il ae Gee 3} 2) i 1 3 
SSM Oe gutscen See ee 6 | 1 | ’ 
ae LC. ctr ere eenos ae I I | | 
6c ~ x | 
BONS aerate 3 2 32 2 I 
Coes Lhe > Seen Pent I 35 2 
ea nee er See 4 I 28 I | I I | 
2s eee Gane a ae 2 I || 
ae ally 6) Sa eae eee 2 | | Hea 
eas ae acer 8/1 | I 
SDs othe Baas fete 2 I | I 2 
ie ee era | | | aye I 
OS BO ays aa 6 aera I | 1 
uty) Meera tae oe | | 5 
= Ne er re ee ie 4 | 
in ae Tae een ne r| | | 1 
‘ ACS, Sa o,tus se Geo | I | | 
a eee ee 1g | | || I | 
S2P UNA oedema 3544 | | 1 
Jia (Yeast cot are | | | I 
{OS OO ee eee | | 3 I 
| 
ws 28 ose a ees | | | , I 
(73 20 | I 1 | 
RO} aqie amos | | | 
‘iota vers 297 | 37 230 | 15 | 50 | 16 9 | gla 10 
In this table are also included the results of the specimens caught in 
one trap lantern which was kept running during 1892, from May 20 to 
Oct. 1. In 1889 there were also taken two specimens of grandis, June 
a ee 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 85 
20 and 27, both males; four Azrticula, two males and two females, the 
former taken July 1 and 19, the latter June 14 and July 22 ; two males 
of dalia taken June 1 ; two males of Airsuta taken May 20 and June 3 ; 
and one male of guwercus was taken June 1. In 1892, one male of 
grandis was taken June 21; three males of Azrticula on June 11, July 
15 and 26; and two males of Airsuta were taken on June 2 and 3. 
Thus eight species were represented in the trap lantern material; at 
least twenty-three species should be found in our State. 
From Table I. we learn that C/istocampa americana flies from June 
17 to July 18, occurring in the greatest numbers during a period of about 
ten days from June 26 to July 4: over g2 per cent. of the moths being 
taken at this time. 
Table II. shows that Fé/tia subgothica is excessively abundant in 
this locality, nearly 2,400 specimens having been taken. I believe that 
more specimens of this moth were taken than of any other species of 
insect. Although the species flies from July 12 to Sept. 18, there is 
nothing to indicate more than one brood. Other experiments at the 
Insectary show that the insect hibernates in the larval state, and it is said 
that the change to a pupa takes place about July 1. As will be seen in 
the table, the adults appear in the greatest numbers from Aug. 14 to 
Sept. 6, over 97 per cent. of the moths being taken during these three 
weeks. 
A glance at Table III. will show that /wsca is by far the most numer- 
ous species in our vicinity ; out of 694 specimens of Lachnosterna taken 
in the two years, 83 per cent. of them are fusca. Dudia and Zicis are 
comparatively common, while Azrticula, hirsuta, grandis, balia and 
qguercus are rare. In 1889 fusca flew from May 19 to June to and 
reached its climax on June 1, when 39 per cent. of them were taken. In 
1892, however, fusca did not begin to fly until May 26 and stopped June 
28, and it was the most numerous from June 13 to 28, or about two 
weeks later than in 1889. Hirsuta, balia and guercus seem to appear 
at about the same time as /wsca, that is, during May and June. But 
ilicis, grandis and hirticuda do not appear until the latter part of 
June and during July. No ZLachnosterna were taken after July 30, 
although the lanterns were run until Oct. 15, thus indicating that the 
emergence of the beetles in the fall is very uncommon, if it happens at all. 
This is confirmatory evidence of the conclusion which Prof. Forbes, of 
Illinois, and Prof. Perkins, of Vermont, have reached in their recent 

86 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
studies of these insects. In the case of the three species which fly later 
in the season, it is possible that they either pass the winter as pup or do 
not pupate until spring. 
The most striking thing to be learned, however, from each of these 
tables is the great disparity in numbers between the males and females 
caught. The males greatly outnumber the females in every instance. 
Only about 17 per cent. of the C//stocampa americana in Table I. were 
females. But a little over 6 per cent. of the Fe/tia subgothica in Table 
II. were females, while nearly 41 per cent. of jacudifera were of this sex. 
Less than 12 per cent. of the Lachnosterna fusca in Table III taken in 
1889, and but little over 6 per cent. of those taken in 1892, were females ; 
with dubia the proportion of females is greater, being about 32 per cent.; 
no females of 7/7c/s were taken in either year. 
This great preponderance of the males over the females has also been 
noticed in every other species of the trap lantern material which has been 
studied of whatever order. It indicates that the males are much more 
active than the females, and is of the greatest importance when consider- 
ing the insecticidal value of the trap lantern. For undoubtedly many of 
the males have copulated before being caught, and enough others remain 
uncaptured io fertilize the remaining females. Therefore the perpetuation 
of the species is provided for, and the insecticidal value of the lantern is 
rendered too small to be practicable. 
BOOK NOTICE. 
Tue BuTrerRFLIES OF NortH AMERICA. Third Series, Part XIII. 
Another part of Mr. Edwards’s magnificent work has just appeared, 
and for beauty of illustration and interest of the letter-press, it perhaps 
surpasses all previously issued parts. The first plate shows the type of 
Chionobas Chryxus, var. Calais, Scudder, and the accompanying letter- 
press gives some interesting data coilected by Mr. ‘T. E. Bean concerning 
a similar form found at Banff, in the Rocky Mountains. The second 
plate shows in full all stages of the rare Canadian species, C. Jutta. 
This is accompanied by 14 pages of letter-press, in which nearly every- 
thing that is known concerning this species in America is related in a 
most entertaining manner. To the Rev. T. W. Fyles, F. L. S., of South 
Quebec, belongs the honour of being the only person so far who has 
reared Jutta from the egg to imago and described the different stages. 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 87 
What the writer deems the most interesting feature in the life of this 
species is referred to, but Mr. Edwards’s view of the matter seems to be 
different from his. Speaking of larve which hibernate after the first or 
second moult of a brood, part of which reach full growth the first autumn, 
he says :—‘‘If any of these small larve run their full course, it seems 
certain that their butterflies should show themselves at least a month 
later than the 15th of June, and I do not understand why there is not a 
second flight.” The writer has had the opportunity four times of breed- 
Ing the species from the egg through the first winter, and all of the 
specimens hatched from eggs laid at Ottawa, Quebec, Banff and Nepigon, 
went into hibernation after the first or second moult ; one larva, however, 
of five sent by Mr. Edwards, fed straight on and reached full growth 
before winter set in. Those which revived the following spring fed 
slowly and did not attain full growth until the autumn, as related of this 
species and of Chionobas Macounii in Annual Report Ent. Soc., Ont., 
1888, p. 7. 
The third plate, also, figures two rare species of the same genus, 
which may be included in the Canadian fauna, Craméis, from Labrador, 
and a mountain species, named Lrucei by Mr. Edwards, which has been 
taken by Mr. Bean, at Banff. The preparatory stages of the latter are 
beautifully illustrated in great detail, and it is seen that the larva resembles 
very closely that of C. Semzdea. There are some critical notes concerning 
the synonymy of some allied species, which will be read with interest by 
students of this difficult genus. 
We feei sure that all entomologists will hail with pleasure the appear- 
ance of this superb contribution to the knowledge of our Diurnal Lepi- 
doptera, and we trust that the talented and genial author may be spared 
for many years to carry on this great work which has cost him so much. 
J. FLETCHER. 
[We were delighted to hear that Mr. Edwards has received a grant 
of $500 from the Bache Fund of the National Academy of ‘Sciences to 
assist him in the completion of his publication on the Butterflies of 
North America.—Ep. Can. Enr.] 

88 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
NOTES. 
LUMINOUS WORMS. 
Driving from Hudson to Como on the 23rd of September, 1892, about 
8 p.m., the night being warm and damp, I was much surprised to see on 
the hard road something luminous, emitting quite as strong a light as the 
glow-worm in England. We stopped quickly, but before I could get back 
the few yards it had disappeared. Some half mile further we passed 
another, which also, before I could get to it, disappeared. Can any of 
your readers say what these were? Their sudden disappearance and our 
failing to find them, though we struck a match in both cases, would lead 
me to think they were some sort of earth worm, as these draw themselves 
quickly into their holes when disturbed. How else is their sudden 
disappearance to be accounted for ? LACHLAN GIBB. 
The cells of JZegachile, which I send, were found in rather a peculiar 
place Jast September, being attached to the trimmings of a dress which 
was inside a wooden chest placed on a gallery in Montreal. — 
LACHLAN GIBB. 
CORRESPONDENCE. 
LARVOPHAGOUS CATERPILLARS. 
Sir; On reading in the issue of the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST for 
January of Larvophagous caterpillars of P. pxi/enor, | was reminded of 
an observation which I made lJast summer. I had at that time several 
larve of Danias archippus in a wire cage, and supplied them frequently 
with milkweed leaves, which they devoured voraciously. On one occasion, 
owing to a delay in getting leaves, their supply became exhausted, and 
in a short time—not more than an hour or two, I should think—one of 
them attacked another which was about to change to a chrysalis, and 
began eating it. Some of the others joined, and by the time the leaves 
were obtained fully half of the unfortunate caterpillar had disappeared. 
They ate it very slowly, not being hungry enough to relish it, I suppose. 
My brother tells me that he has seen a larva of P. asterias greedily 
eating the chrysalis of one of its kind which was hung on a fence. 
WitiiaM L. W. Fie_p, Guildford, Conn. 
Mailed February 28th. 

The amatliany Hantomologist. 
VOL XK: LONDON, APRIL, 1893. 
No: 4 
SOME NEW LOCUSTIDE FROM INDIANA. 
BY W. S. BLATCHLEY, TERRE HAUTE, INDIANA, 
During the past four years the writer has been getting together a 
collection cf Zocustide trom various parts of the State of Indiana, with a 
view of preparing a general descriptive paper of the species of that 
family found in the State. In working over the material thus gathered 
thirty-seven species are found to be represented, four of which are evi- 
dently new to science. Of the four, three belong to the genus Orchedz- 
mum and one to the genus Conocephalus. The former genus is repre- 
“sented in the collection by ten species and the latter by four. Below is 
‘given a description of each of the four species believed to be new, together 
with such notes concerning the distribution of each as I find in my field 
note-book. 
ConocEePHALUS, Thunberg. 
Conocephalus palustris, NOV. sp. 
A small but comparatively heavy-bodied species, having the cone of 
the vertex devoid of black markings and without a basal tooth ; oviposi- 
tor very short and broad; posterior femora armed beneath on both 
carine. 
Cone of the vertex short and stout, the tip round, the deflexed front 
with a dull median carina. Pronotum short, broad, the posterior margin 
regularly rounded, the lateral carinaze well defined, the entire surface 
thickly and rather deeply punctate. Tegmina long and rather narrow, 
regularly rounded to the apex; of a more delicate texture than 
in either C. ensiger, Harris, or C. robustus, Scudder. Fore and middle 
femora with two short spines on the apical third of the lower outer 
carina. Hind legs short, the tibiz but little more than half as long as 
the closed tegmina ; the femora with plainly visible spines on both of the 
inferior carine, eight on the outer and six on the inner. Ovipositor a 
little shorter than the hind tibiw, broadest at a point about two-thirds the 
distance from the base, thence tapering regularly to a sharp apex. 

90 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
General colour a very bright grass green. Fastigium tipped with 
dull yellow, which extends half way down the sides. Labrum and apical 
segments of all the palpi a rose red tinged with violet. ‘larsi somewhat 
infuscated. Antenne and apical third of ovipositor reddish-brown. 
Measurements.—Female—Length of body, 27 mm.; of fastigium in 
front of eye, 2.75 mm.; of pronotum, 7 mm.; of tegmina, 37 mm.; of hind 
femora, 20 mm.; of hind tibiz, 19.5 mm.; of ovipositor, 1g mm. 
This handsome species of Conocepha/us belongs to the same group as 
C. robustus and C. crepitans, Scudder, but is smaller and of a more uni- 
form and brighter green than either of those species, besides having 
shorter legs, ovipositor, etc. It is described from a single female taken 
October 24, from the fallen grasses on the margins of a large low-land 
pond in Vigo county. This pond is surrounded on all sides by heavy 
timber, and its margins have yielded a number of interesting Orthoptera 
found nowhere else in the county. Among them are Leftysma margini- 
collis, Serv., Paroxya atlantica, Scudder, Anaxiphus pulicarius, Sauss., 
Phylloscirtes pulchellus, Uhler, and Xiphidium nigro-pleurum, Bruner. 
The first four mentioned are insects of a southern range, and perhaps C. 
palustris will in time be found to be more common southward. 
ORCHELIMUM, Serville. 
Orchelimum indianense, NOV. Sp. 
A slender-bodied insect, with a dark median streak dowa the face, and 
having the posterior femora unarmed beneath. The cone of.the vertex is 
short, rather narrow, with a rounded apex.. The tegmina narrow, taper- 
ing, a little shorter than the wings, and of a delicate, almost gauze-like, 
texture. Posterior femora slender, shorter than the closed tegmina. 
Anal cerci of male of medium size, longer than the subgenital plate, 
tapering to a dull point; the basal tooth short, with a broad base and a 
very sharp point. The ovipositor of female of less than average width 
and length, the apical half with a gentle upward curve. 
Colour of dried specimens: Tegmina and wings a_ transparent 
whitish, tinged with green on the front or lower, longitudinal nerves ; the 
cross nervules of the latter darker. Sides of pronotum and abdomen, and 
all the femora, light green ; the tibie and tarsi of a brownish hue. Face 
yellowish-white, with a dark fuscous stripe, the width of the labrum, 
starting with the mouth and passing upward to the vertex, where it 
narrows to the width of that organ; then, broadening on the occiput, it 
passes back to the front border of the pronotum, where it divides into 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 91 
two narrow streaks, which enclose a whitish area and extend a little 
beyond the posterior transverse suture, where they taper toan end. Sub- 
genital plate of male yellow. Basal third of ovipositor dark brown, the 
remainder light reddish-brown. 
Measurements.—Length of body, ¢, 17 mm.; 9, 17.5 mm.; of pro- 
notum, ¢ and ?,4mm:;; of tegmina, ¢, 20 mm.; 2, 18 mm.; of hind 
femora, ¢,14mm.; 2,145 mm; of ovipositor, 7.5 mm. 
This graceful and prettily marked species was found to be quite com- 
mon among the rank grasses and sedges growing about the margins of a 
tamarack swamp near Kewanna, Fulton county. It was first taken on 
August 26th and ayain on September 24th, when it appeared more plen- 
tiful than before. It is the smallest and most slender of the ten species 
of the genus so far known to occur in the State, and its markings are 
very distinct from those of any of the others. 
Orchelimum campestre, NOV. sp. 
A species of less than medium size, with the wing-covers narrow and 
of almost equal width throughout, the posterior femora unarmed beneath, 
and the ovipositor short and narrow. 
Cone of the vertex prominent, narrow, rounded at the apex ; the sides 
of the frontal deflexed portion rapidly converging to form a very acute 
wedge. Wing-covers long, narrow, not widened in the middle as in OQ. 
vulgare, concinnum, etc., tapering slightly on the apical third to a rounded 
end ; their length equalling that of the wings in the ¢, a little shorter in 
the @. Posterior femora with the basal half quite stout, the length less 
than that of the tegmina. Cerci of male slender, cylindrical, somewhat 
pointed, the apical half curved slightly outwards, the basal tooth short 
and weak. Ovipositor short, narrow, moderately upcurved, and tapering 
to a delicate point. 
Colour.—Tegmina and wings almost uniform transparent olivaceous 
brown. The usual dark reddish-brown band upon the occiput and disk 
of pronotum is margined on the latter with two very narrow and darker 
brown stripes, which extend back to the middle of the posterior lobe of 
the pronotum. Face, and usually the hind femora, a dirty olive brown ; 
the latter, when dry, with a blackish longitudinal band on the exterior 
face. In the female the only green on the body is on the lower part of 
the sides of the pronotum and on the anterior femora. The only male at 
hand has the posterior femora green, but otherwise is coloured like the 
females. Ovipositor light reddish-brown, 

92 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
Measurements.—I.ength of body, 4,17.5 mm.; 9, 19 mm.; of prono- 
tum,.-¢.5.4.5 mm.; $5 5 mm.; of tegmina, ¢ 3.20.5 mm; °Y5/24.5 mm.; 
of antenne, 7, 46 mm.; of posterior femora, ¢,17 mm.; 9, 17.5 mm.; 
of ovipositor, 7 mm. 
This duil coloured grasshopper has been found in small numbers in 
both Vigo and Fulton counties, in upland prairie meadows, where it 
frequents the tall grasses, usually in company with Xvphidium strictum, 
Scudder. 
It is a smaller and more slender bodied insect than the common O. 
vulgare, Harris, and has a shorter and narrower pronotum and a much 
smaller ovipositor than that species. 
Orchelimum Bruneri, nov. sp. 
) 
A species of about the same length, but less robust than O. vulgare, 
Harris, having the posterior femora armed beneath, and the ovipositor 
very broad, nearly straight and of more than average length. 
Cone of the vertex narrow, moderately elevated, rounded at apex. 
Tegmina long and narrow, a little shorter than the wings. Posterior 
femora rather stout, the apex, when appressed, not quite reaching the tip 
of ovipositor ; armed beneath on the apical half with three or four small 
spines. Cerci of male stout, acuminate, with the internal tooth prominent. 
Ovipositor very similar to that of O. gladiator, Bruner, being very 
long and stout, nearly straight above, and with the under side of apical 
third sloping rapidly to the acute apex. 
Colour of dried specimens.—With the exception of the ovipositor, 
which is a light reddish-brown, and the usual stripe on occiput and disk 
of pronotum, the whole body is a pale, transparent brownish-green, the 
green showing plainly only on the lower half of the side of pronotum and 
on the meso and metapleura. The reddish-brown dorsal stripe of occiput 
and pronotum is bordered laterally throughout its evtire length with a 
very narrow one of much darker brown. When immersed in alcohol the 
reddish-brown stripe fades to a yellowish white, leaving the two lateral 
ones as prominent dark streaks, widest on the central portion of the 
frontal disk. 
Measurements.—Length of body, ¢, 18 mm.; 9, 20.5 mm.; of teg- 
mina, ¢, 21mm.; ?, 25 mm.; of pronotum, ¢ and 9, 4.75 mm.; of 
hind femora, ¢, 16.5 mm.; 2, 18 mm; of ovipositor, romm. Described 
from 2 fs and 4 Qs. 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 93 
This species, the female of which is at once conspicuous by reason of 
the shape and size of its ovipositor, has been taken in small numbers only 
in Vigo Co., where it is found during August and September on the leaves 
and stems of a tall, broad-leaved knot-weed, Polygonum amphibium, L., 
which grows luxuriantly in the shallow waters about the margins of two 
or three large ponds in the Wabash River bottoms. Several other “ green 
grasshoppers,” notably among which are Xzphidium attenuatum, Scudder, 
and Orchelimum nigripes, Scudder, frequent this plant in immense num- 
bers. Keeping company with them an occasional specimen of O. Brunert 
is seen, but, being an active leaper, it often escapes amidst the dense 
foliage of the knot-weed before its capture can be effected. Its less 
robust body and longer armed posterior femora will readily distinguish 
this species from O. gladiator, the only other one which, to my know- 
ledge, has an ovipositor shaped like that of Brunerz. The latter is 
named in honor of Prof. Lawrence Bruner. of Lincoln, Nebraska, one of 
the leading authorities on N. A. Orthoptera. 
ON SOME BUTTERFLY LARVZ NOT HITHERTO DESCRIBED. 
BY HARRISON G. DYAR, BOSTON, MASS. 
PHYCIODES CARLOYA, Reak. 
Larva.—Head subcordate, apices slightly produced, mouth parts 
small; rough, tuberculate, hairy ; colour black, a narrow white line above 
the mouth. Body robust, with short and thick conical, densely-bristly 
spines, arranged thus: on joint 2 one short stigmatal and one substigmatal, 
besides tubercles on the cervical shield; on joints 3-4, subdorsal, 
lateral and subventral ; on 5-11, dorsal (single), suprastigmatal, substig- 
matal, 2 subventral ; on 12, two dorsal (in line), subdorsal, superstigmatal, 
substigmatal and subventral (small); on joint 13, two subdorsal (in line). 
Cervical shield, anal plate, feet outwardly and spiracles black ; body 
brownish-red, with a dorsal and subdorsal black shaded line, most distinct 
in the segmental incisures. 
Pupa.—Straight on ventral side; thorax with no prominence; abdomen 
arched, with five rows of slight blunt points, which also occur on thorax 
at the angulations, but slighter. Colour grayish, dull brown mottlings on 
a white ground. Length, 14 mm.; width, 45 mm. Found on the ground 
feeding on an undetermined plant which was just starting, at Denver, 
Colorado, April 30, 1891. 

94 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
THECLA GRUNUS, Boisd. 
Larva.—Head testaceous, with a black shade on each side ; width, 
1.2 mm. kKetracted beneath joint 2. Body flattened, tapering some- 
what posteriorly but rounded, the segments arched. <A subdorsal and 
subventral ridge, not very prominent. Dark or bluish-green, without 
white granulations, but having minute, brownish, piliferous dots, quite 
densely distributed. Obscure geminate dorsal, single subdorsal, stigma- 
tal and subventral lines, pale whitish and broken, becoming later yellowish, 
and the subdorsal one distinct and almost continuous. The two subdorsal 
lines are 2.2 mm. apart. The pile on the body is longer and stiffer on 
the subventral ridge than elsewhere. A rounded, diamond-shaped, 
depressed, cervical shield situated about the centre of joint 2, on which 
the blackish, elevated, piliferous dots are smaller than elsewhere. 
Chrysalis.—Suspended by the cremaster and a loop of silk. Short, 
thick, flat on the ventral side, rounded dorsally, with a very slight depres- 
sion between the thorax and abdomen. Colour pale green, speckled with 
blackish (but faintly); a bright yellowish subdorsal line on the abdomen, 
faintly continued on the thorax, and a double dorsal row of yellowish dots 
on the abdomen. 
Duration of this stage, fifteen days. . \ 
Food plant.—The young leaves of the live oak (Quercus chrysolepis, 
Liebm.). Larvee from Yosemite, Cal. 
NEW NORTH AMERICAN MICROLEPIDOPTERA. 
BY PROF. C. H. FERNALD, AMHERST, MASS. 
Crambus albilineetlus, 1. Sp. 
Expanse of wings, 26 mm. Head, palpi, thorax and fore wings dull 
ochre-yellow. The palpi are darker on the outside, and the subcostal, 
median ‘and veins 5 to 10 are white. A stripe of lead coloured scales 
extends from the base of the wing just above and parallel to vein 1 to the 
outer cross line, and a similar siripe occurs between this and the hind 
margin. Two lines cross the wing: The first is dark brown, and arising 
from a point a little before the middle of the costa forms an outward 
angle very near the costa and an inward angle on the subcostal vein, then 
a second outward angle is formed at the end cf the median vein and from 
this point the line runs more or less distinctly across to the middle of the 
hind margin. The second line is dark brown but finer, dentate and edged 
on the outside with lead coloured scales, and runs from the costa before 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 95 
the apex across to near the outer margin, thence across the wing nearly 
parallel with the outer margin. The space from the end of the cell to the 
apex is somewhat stained with brown. ‘The terminal line is fine, black, 
and with a row of black dots in it. The fringe is concolourous with the 
adjacent part of the wing, but with slight metallic reflections. Hind 
wings fuscous, fringe lighter. 
Described from one specimen taken in Southern California. 
Crambus coloradellus, n. sp. 
Expanse of wings, 22 mm. Head, pa!pi, thorax and fore wings, pale 
silvery straw colour; the palpi darker on the outside. A white stripe 
extends from the base of the wing through the cell to the outer 
margin, bifid beyond the cell. All the veins of the wing are more or less 
indicated by pale yellow, edged on each side with a more or less broken 
row of black scales. A pale yellow line crosses the wing at the end of the 
cell where it rounds outwardly and runs nearly straight and vertical to the 
hinder margin. The outer line is curved within the apex and runs straight 
to the hinder margin. Both of these lines are faint, and the outer one is 
edged on the outside with silvery scales. The terminal row of black dots 
is in a straight line, and does not follow the margin at the lower part 
where it rounds outwardly. Fringes silvery metallic. Hind wings white, 
slightly stained with pale fuscous on the apex. 
Described from one example from Colorado. 
Alucita fishii, n. sp. 
Expanse of wings, 20 mm. ‘Thorax and fore wings pure white, the 
latter with a few brown atoms scattered over the costal part of the wing, 
and more abundant before the fissure, where it almost defines itself as a 
triangular spot with a curved outer side reaching to the costa, and beyond 
which on the costa are two equidistant brown spots. Fringe pure white. 
Hind wings and their fringes pure white. Abdomen white, head wanting 
in the single specimen before me, which was taken in Nevada by the late 
Mr. H. K. Morrison. 
I name this species for Mr. Charles Fish, of Brunswick, Me., who did 
such excellent work on our “ feather wings ” some years ago. 
Alucita elliottii, 0. sp. 
Expanse of wings, from 23 to 25 mm. Head pale yellow (?). Thorax 
and fore wings pure white, the latter with a brown point before the cleft, 
an elongated brown spot on the costa over the base of the cleft, and a few 
brown atoms along the basal third of the fold. Hind wings and all the 
fringes pure white. 

96 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
This insect was received from the late Mr. Elliott, who bred it at his 
home in New York, but on what plant I did not learn. 
Alucita eupatorit, Fern. 
In 185s, Dr. Asa Fitch, in his first report as Entomologist of New 
York, published the description of his Pterophorus cretidactylus. In 1874, 
Prof. P. C. Zeller, in his ‘‘ Lepidoptera der Westkuste Amerika’s,” des- 
cribed what he supposed to be Fitch’s cretidacty/us, under the generic 
name Qidematophorus, and it was again referred to by Lord Walsingham 
in his ‘* Pterophoridz of California and Oregon,” who sent specimens to 
Zeller for determination, and also kindly gave me specimens of this as 
well as of nearly all of the species he described. 
Mr. Charles Fish took up the study of our Pterophoridze and described 
several species in this journal, and later purchased the types of Dr. Fitch, 
when he discovered that the species that had been so well described by 
Prof. Zeller was not Fitch’s species. Finally I purchased Mr. Fish’s 
collection, including not only his own types but also those of Dr. Fitch. 
I was then able to verify the determination of Mr. Fish, and with him to 
discover that Lord Walsingham had redescribed the true cretedactylus, 
Fitch, under the name of Qidematophorus occidentalis. Vhe cretidactylus 
of Zeller not being the true cvet¢dacty/us of Fitch, must have a new name, 
and as it has been bred from Eupatorium purpureum by Mr. Elliott, I 
have given it the specific name of ewfatori, as above. 
Coriscium cuculipennellum, Ub. 
I have received this species from Mr, M. V. Slingerland, of Cornell 
University, who bred it from ash at Ithaca, N.Y. This European species 
has not been observed in this country before, and is probably a recent 
importation. Jam under obligations to Lord Walsingham, who compared 
it with the European species, and determined it specifically for me..- 
Mr. Slingerland also sent me what I believe to be a new species of 
Carposina, which he bred on currant. He wrote me as follows:—‘ The 
egg is laid on or within the berry, and the larva feeds upon the pulp, and 
sometimes the seeds, confining its work to a single berry. The fruit soon 
dropped, and the larva left the berry, went into the ground and there 
pupated. The adults appeared in the spring about the time the currants 
were turning red. There was only one brood during the season.” 
The specimens received from Mr. Slingerland were in very poor 
condition, and I have decided not to describe the species till better 
specimens are obtained. 
The genus Carfosina has been placed among the Tineids, but it 
should be placed near Conchy/is among the Tortricids. 

q 
oT 
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 97 
eee — Pe 
HINTS ON COLLECTING COLEOPTERA DURING 
THE WINTER. 
BY A. FORD, ST. LEONARDS-ON-SEA, SUSSEX, ENGLAND. 
During the winter the coleopterist in Britain finds a great deal to do in 
the way of collecting, as many species are to be met with at this season, 
which will probably not be found at any other period of the year. One 
of the principal methods of collecting during the winter is “ tuft-cutting ”, 
and it is astonishing the number of beetles which pass through the winter 
in tufts of grass. Those growing in damp places in woods and on the 
borders of ponds and streams are generally the most productive. They 
should be cut off close to the roots, then shaken and pulled to pieces over 
a sheet of paper, which should be very carefully examined, otherwise many 
of the more minute species will be passed over. If the weather is too severe 
for this sort of work, the collector should provide himself with a strong 
canvas bag, into which the tufts can be shaken, and the contents can then 
be examined at home at his leisure. Moss is also very productive at this 
season. Vast numbers of beetles may be found hibernating in moss in 
sheltered situations. This should be examined in the same way as the 
tufts. Haystacks are also good hunting grounds for the coleopterist. 
The loose refuse underneath the stack is usually the best part to work. 
Piles of faggots and logs in woods generally repay the collector fora care- 
ful examination. Numbers of beetles are to be found at the roots of grass, 
especially on sandy banks, where the grass grows in patches. They are 
always found as close as possible to the roots, and many of them _har- 
monize so well with the ground that it requires a very careful search to 
discover them. By carefully working a bank of this description one 
winter I obtained over one hundred species of Coleoptera, including 
several ‘“‘rarities”. I may add, the bank was only about thirty yards 
long by two broad. Of course, there are many species of wood-boring 
beetles to be found in the winter months, as also many others which 
occur in various species of fungi. 
A diligent collector will doubtless add many species, and probably 
some “rarities” to his collection, if he takes the trouble to look for them 
during the winter months, and if the foregoing remarks prove of any service 
to those interested in Coleoptera, I shall be amply repaid for the trouble 
of writing them. : 

QS THE CANADIAN ENTCMOLOGIS'T. 
THE BUTTERFLIES OF GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. 
BY ROBT. H. WOLCOTT. 
Grand Rapids, Michigan, is situated in the western part of the State, 
thirty miles from Lake Michigan, in N. lat. 42° 58°, in W. long. 85° 40’, 
with an altitude of between 600 and 700 feet. The underlying forma- 
tion, outcropping in the bed of the river, is the subcarboniferous lime- 
stone, and the soil is for the most part a sandy or gravelly loam. The 
surface of the surrounding country is rolling and diversified by numerous 
small lakes, with tamarack swamps and peat bogs scattered here and 
there. The timber is mainly hard wood, but now and then an aged, 
solitary, pine or a group of younger pines in an out-of-the-way nook re- 
minds us of the fact that we are within the limits of the pine region, 
while much of the land formerly covered by pine is now occupied by a 
growth of low oak scrub. ‘The flora is of a mixed character, the locality 
being just within the pine belt, and the Grand River valley also forming 
the northern limit of many southern species, such as the papaw, tulip- 
tree, honey locust, flowering dogwood, tupelo, etc. The mean annual 
temperature is about 47°, and the average annual rainfall about 36 inches, 
while the season lasts usually from the middle of April to the fore part of 
October. The fall of 1890, however, was an unusually late one, and 
many sptcies were on the wing till the end of October, Co/ias philo- 
dice being seen even on the 6th (about a dozen) and on the 2oth (one) of 
November. 
The following list of species is the result of ten years’ observation, 
and covers the immediate vicinity of Grand Rapids within a radius of 
about ten miles :— 
1. Danais archippus.—Very common. Appearance as follows: The 
hibernating individuals, from the middle of May to late in June ; of the 
first brood, the larvae in June, the butterflies from early in July to August 
15th ; of the second brood, the larve late in July and early in August, the 
butterflies from the end of August to the middle of September ; of the 
third brood, the larva in September, the butterflies in October and, after 
hibernation, again the next May. It is thus three-brooded, and if we dis- 
regard the time spent in hibernation, the life of each brood is from two to 
two and a-half months. It is a very strong flyer, and is often seen hover- 
ing about the tops of trees at a considerable distance from the ground, 
especially near sunset, when seeking a hiding place for the night. 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 99 
2. Euptoieta claudia.—One specimen; Lamberton Lake, in July, 1887. 
3. Argynnis idalia.—Rare. Taken at Lamberton Lake during the 
early part of July; is not as strong a flyer as are our other larger 
Argynnids. 
4. Argynnis cybele—Common. From the end of June to the middle 
of August, frequenting, with the other species of the genus, low, wet 
ground. 
5. Argynnis aphrodite—Common. Flies from about the first week 
in July to the end of August. 
6. Argynnis alcestis.—Not rare, but less common than the preceding, 
from which it may be told in most cases, even on the wing, by its more 
ruddy colouring. 
7. Argynnis myrina.a—Common. ‘Two broods during the season, the 
first flying from June roth to the middle of July, the second from the 
early part of August through September. A worn specimen was taken in 
1890 as late as the 8th of October. Prof. E. A, Strong, once of this 
place, now of Ypsilanti, Mich., is of the opinion that this species was 
formerly rather rare. 
8. Argynnis bellona.—Common. ‘Two-brooded, appearing from May 
roth to June 15th, and from July 1st to August 15th. 
9. Melitea phaeton.—Common at several localities, from which, how- 
ever, it never strays. One damp, boggy meadow, where it was formerly 
very abundant, has been recently drained and part of it cultivated, the 
result being the extinction of the species at that place. Here were taken 
all of the three specimens of the var. swferba, of the capture of which I 
know. The species flies from the end of June to the latter part of July. 
10. Melitea harrisit.—Rare. Taken over low meadows from the 
middle of May to the middle of June. 
11. Phyciodes nyctets—Sometimes quite common. ‘Two-brooded, ap- 
pearing in June and again in August. 
12. Phyciodes car/ota.—One specimen, the date of which is lost, but 
taken, I think, early in June ; a fresh example. 
13. Phyciodes tharos.—Common. Two broods ; the first form, mov- 
pheus, flying from June 1oth to July 15th; the second, marcia, from the 
early part of August into September. A worn specimen was taken 
October 8th, 1890. 

100 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
14. Grapta interrogationis. —Common most years, some quite 
abundant. Flies in early spring up to June 15th; the larve of the first 
brood appear about the end of June, and the butterflies are on the wing 
from July roth to the end of the month ; a second brood of larvee is 
found about that time, and these give butterflies from the roth to the end 
of August ; the third brood flies late in fall and hibernates. The hiber- 
nating butterflies are mostly fadriciz, while wmbrosa is more abundant in 
the summer broods. 
15. Grapta comma —Common. Flies from eatly spring to the first 
of June, again, the form dryas, from July rst to August 15th, while the 
second and hibernating brood appears late in the fall. 
16. Grapta progne.—Rather common. Early in spring, again in 
July and August, and a second brood late in the fall hibernating. 
17. Grapta j-album.—Not common, though much more so than 
formerly. Appears early in September, and flies throughout the fall and 
again in early spring. Our hardiest butterfly, appearing-at any time in 
the winter that the weather is at all favourable. Under date of January 
3rd, 1892, I have this note: ‘Coldest day of winter thus far, the 
thermometer registering, at 7 a.m., 11°, and though the sun shinipg 
brightly all day, the snow only melting in sheltered spots. At 4 p.m. 
took a G. j-a/bum resting, wings erect, on the snow in the middle of the 
sidewalk of a well-travelled street. Was chilled, but soon revived in the 
house.” All the Graptas, together with Van. antiopa, are common early 
in the spring around trees from which sap is flowing. 
18. Vanessa antiopa.—Very common. Sometimes becoming a pest 
by defoliating young elms. Usually three-brooded, the hibernators flying 
from early spring to the end of May, the larve of the first brood appear- 
ing early in June, and the butterfiies from the 1oth of the month to the 
2oth of July ; the larvae of the second brood are found in the fore part of 
July, the butterflies during August ; of the third brood, the hibernating 
individuals, the larvae in September, the butterflies from September 2oth 
onward. 
19. Vanessa milbertii Common; inclined to be local. Three 
broods, appearing as follows: The hibernating specimens from early in 
spring to June 15th; of the first brood, the larve during the latter part 
of May and early in June, the butterflies from the end of June to July 
15th; the larvie of the second brood in July, the butterflies during 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 101 
August ; the larve of the third or hibernating brood during the latter 
part of August, the first butterflies about September 2oth. I have noticed 
in a few instances the construction of a web by colonies of young larve. 
20. Pyrameis atalanta.—Common. Two-brooded. The hibernating 
individuals are seen from the end of April to the latter part of June; the 
larvee of the first brood may be found in June, the butterflies from July 
toth to August r5th; the larva of the second brood during August, the 
butterflies from the 15th of September. 
21. Pyrameis huntera.—Common. ‘Two-brooded, flying in the latter 
part of June and in July, and again in September and October, being then 
most abundant in clover fields. Hibernating specimens occur, no doubt, 
early in spring, but I have no record of observations at that time. 
22. Pyramets cardui.—Usually common, but some years quite infre- 
quent. In 1884 was very abundant throughout the season, the thisties and 
burdocks being stripped, and the nettles, ma!lows, sunflowers and holly- 
hocks also attacked. It is usually two-brooded, flying from the latter 
part of May through June; again, from larve in June, in July and 
August ; and again, the second brood of the year, from the second week 
in September onward. 
23. Limenitis ursula.—Rather comiaon, though formerly rare. Two- 
brooded, flying during June and early July and again in the latter part of 
August. It is very much attached to certain localities, and in one door 
yard for several years it has never failed to appear, at any time during its 
season, one having to wait but a few minutes to see one or more. It 
likes to fly along paths in woods and, like d@ésippus and the species of 
Pyrameis, Grapta and Vanessa, has the bad taste to frequent heaps of 
decaying animal and vegetable refuse. 
24. Limenitis disippus—Common. ‘Two-brooded. The first brood 
flies during June, the second from August 15th through September, one 
being seen on one occasion on the 8th of October. It frequents especial- 
ly willow bushes lining the banks of streams. 
25. Apatura clyton.—One specimen of the form proserpina taken by 
Mr. L. S. Livingston, a former local collector, a few miles east of the city, 
on the 15th of July, 1885. 1 am also informed by Prof. E. A. Strong 
that two or three were taken near the city some years ago. 
26. Meonympha canthus.—Common during July, frequenting low 
grounds and swampy meadows, 

102 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
27. Meonympha eurytris—Common. In June in open woods. 
28. Meonympha mitchelli.irJuly ist, 1885, three years before the 
species was described, I found it rather common near South Grand 
Rapids in company with cavthus, but had neither specimens nor authori- 
ties from which to pronounce upon its newness. Have found it quite 
common at the same locality, a bog some two acres in extent, every year 
since, from the rst to the 15th of July. It is readily told on the wing by 
its dark colour, small size, and weak flight ; but owing to its fragility and 
its habit of flitting low amongst grass and weeds, perfect specimens in 
any number are difficult to obtain. 
29. Satyrus alope-—Formerly found here, as I learn from older 
collectors, but disappeared several years ago. 
30. Satyrus nephele.—This form is now common in July at two or 
three localities—low, wet meadows—and specimens are found of the var. 
olympus and others approaching var. xepheve. 
31. Libythea bachmani.—One specimen taken in August, 1883, by 
Mr. C. S. Osborne, a local collector, and another by myself in 1887. 
August 21, 1885, Mr. L. S. Livingston found a nearly full-grown larva of 
this species beneath a hackberry tree at the same locality at which the 
butterflies were captured, and at which the Apatura clyton was taken. \ 
32. Calephelis borealis.—Taken in July at two or three localities, but 
only at allcommon in two low, wet, grassy areas near Lamberton Lake, 
each less than an acre in extent. 
33. Zhecla acadica.—Common in July, frequenting especially the 
flowers of butterfly-weed and New Jersey tea. 
34. Thecla edwardsii.—Rather common, in company with the next, 
late in June and early in July, on the leaves of low scrub oaks. 
35. Lhecla calanus.—Quite common, and like the preceding, has a 
curious habit when resting on a leaf of rubbing the upper surfaces of its 
wings together, giving the tails an upward and downward motion. 
36. Lhecla strigosa.—Rare. July, on the butterfly-;weed and New 
Jersey tea. 
37. Thecla niphon (2)—In my notes under the date of May 2, 1885, 
I have this observation: “ A Zhecla (iphon ?) was seen but was unable 
to capture it.” This could have been none of the other species named, 
and from the date and our being in a pine region, am inclined to think it 
this species. 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 103 
38. Zhecla titus—Common. Appearing about the middle of July 
and flying a month or so, frequenting particularly the butterfly-weed. 
39. Chrysophanus thoe.—Common, especially in tracts of blue flag 
from June roth to the rst of July, and from August 15th to the middle of 
September. 
40. Chrysophanus eptxanthe.—Very common at Lamberton Lake, 
flying over tracts of shrubby cinquefoil (/otentilla fruticosa). Ihave 
taken it from June roth to September rgth, and it is common at all times 
between, though I think there are two broods in reality. 
41. Chrysophanus hypophieas.—Common. Flies from May roth to 
June 15th, from July 15th to August 15th, and again from September 2oth 
to October gth, when I have seen worn specimens. It is thus apparently 
three-brooded, but I believe that of the larve from the summer brood 
some mature and give imagos in the fall, while others go over to spring, 
and that it is really two-brooded. 
42. Lycena lygdamus.—Rare. Late in April and early in May along 
muddy cow-paths. Very local. 
43. Lycena pseudargiolus.—Form vivlacea is not common, appear- 
ing in April and early May, while zeg/ecta is a common form from June 
roth to the latter part of August, and seems in some specimens to ap- 
proach var. pseudargiolus. 
44. Lycena comyntas.—Common in May on willow blossoms. Again 
found from July r5th to August rsth, delighting in wet, muddy places in 
woods. In 1890, fresh specimens were taken again September 2oth, but 
I believe these were disclosed from chrysalides which should have gone 
over till the next spring. 
45. Pieris protodice—Very common in fall from August roth to the 
end of September, but the spring form, vervadcs, is rather rare, appearing 
from the end of April to the middle of June. 
46. Pieris oleracea —Not common. Low ground; in May and again 
in July and August. 
47. Pieris rape.—Very common. Several broods, appearing con- 
tinually throughout the season. The earliest of my dates is April 7th, 
the iatest October 13th. The species was here when I began collect- 
ing in 1883 and I have taken it ever since. Am unable to give the date 
of its first appearance. 
48. Meganostoma cesonia.—F¥ormerly found here, I am told, but rare. 
49. Colias eurytheme.—Once seen, July 20th, 1886, 

104 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
50. Coltas philodice.—Very common and producing about four broods 
in a season, its appearance some seasons being nearly continuous from 
the first of May to the end of October, and in 1890 seen November 2oth. 
Occasionally in spring a form resembling avztiyade is seen, expanding 
but 1.5 inches. Var. a@/va is more abundant in the late summer broods. 
A third variety occurs which I have nowhere found described, but which 
is distinct from any variety given in Smith’s List, and seems to me to 
merit a varietal name. 
Colias philodice, var. luteitincta, nov. var.—Differs from the norma] 
philodice in the possession of an orange shade upon the primaries ex- 
tending from the middle of the posterior margin to the median vein, shad- 
ing off in all directions into the yellow ground colour, and occupying 
exactly the position of the orange patch in Co/. eurytheme, var. ariadne. 
The secondaries also in most specimens show an orange flush in the central 
portion. I first met this form in company with ewrythemeand philodice in 
August, 1885, at Batavia, Ills.. and supposed the specimens to be 
hybrids. But have since taken it at different times at Grand Rapids, where 
eurytheme has been seen but once, and have collected in all about a 
dozen specimens, one of them a female. I find the colouring very 
constant and sufficiently marked to distinguish the form even when on the 
wing. Have recently seen a specimen in a collection at Lansing, Mich. 
Edwards figures an orange variety and suggests the possibility of its being 
a hybrid between the two species, ewrytheme and philodice ; it is not like 
this and appears much more likely to be, as suggested, a hybrid. 
51. Zerias disa.—Rare. One specimen taken east of the Michigan 
Soldiers’ Home, August ro, 1891. 
52. Papilio ajax.—Formerly rare, but has been becoming constantly 
more common with the spread of the papaw, upon which it feeds, till 
now it is very common in the southern part of the country and quite so 
at Grand Rapids, especially in the vicinity of its food-plant. Vars. 
telamonides and walshii fly from the early part of May to the latter part 
of June, and marce//us from the end of July to the end of September. 
53. Papilio turnus.—Common from the end of May to the early 
part of July, congregating about wet places in roads, etc. Var. g/aucus 
is rare. Two specimens have been taken on the wing and one reared 
from a larva collected on cultivated cherry. 
54. Papilio cresphontes.—Not uncommon in June. 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 105 
Seve tye ee a A re ee ee —————— — —— 
55. Papilio astertas.—Rather common. ‘Two-brooded, the first 
being on the wing from the end of May to the first of July, the second 
during August and fore part of September. 
56. Papilio troi/us.—Our most common fafilio. ‘Two-brooded, fly- 
ing from the middle of May to the end of June, and from the beginning 
of August to September. In one case a battered specimen was taken 
September 25th. 
57. Anucyloxypha numitor.—Common. One brood in June and 
another in August. Flies in low, wet meadows. 
58. Zhymelicus poweshiek.—Common at Lamberton Lake in July. In 
flight and habits generally much like the preceding. 
59. Pamphila hobomok.—Common. June. More abundant at cer- 
tain localities, and, like all the species of Pamphila, seems to prefer low, 
swampy tracts and wet meadows. Several specimens of the var. foco- 
hontas have been taken. 
60. Pamphila sassacus.—Rather common in June in company with 
mystic and peckius. 
61. Pamphila leonardus.—Rare. Flies from August roth to the end 
of the month. 
62. Pamphila egeremet,—Not common. July. 
63. Pamphila peckius.—Very common. Apparently two-brooded, one 
brood appearing early in June, the other during the first week in August. 
64. Pamphila mystic.—Common. Yrom early June to the middle of 
July. 
65. Pamphila cernes.—Very common. ‘l'wo broods during a season, 
one flying from June roth to July 15th, the other from August rs5th to the 
end of September. In 1890, took a fresh female on October 4th. A 
female taken in July, 1892, differs from the normal form in an almost 
entire lack of fulvous in the cell, 
66. Pamphila manataagua,—One specimen, July r4th, 1892. 
67. Pamphila metacomet.—Rather rare. Flies during the latter part 
of July. 
68. Pamphila bimacula.—One female taken July 20th, 1892. 
69. Pamphila pontiac—Common in July. Have a male specimen in 
which the under surface of one secondary is suffused with brownish so as 
to completely obscure the normal pattern of the wing. 
70. Lamphila dion.—Common in July, last year, at one locality in 
company with Aontiac, and upon the wing much resembling that species, 

106 THE CANADIANENTOMOLOGIST. 
The range is much wider than given in French, as I have specimens from 
Western New York. 
71. Pamphila delaware.—Usually not very common, but last year 
was quite abundant at two or three localities. Flies in July. 
72. WMisoniades brizo.—Not common. Appears early in May. 
73. LVisoniades icecdus.—Rather common from the end of May, 
through June, and once taken, a battered example, as late as July 14th. 
74. Wisoniades luctlius—Found, but not common, in June. 
75. LVisoniades persius.—Not common. Flies about the end of May. 
76. Nisoniades juvenalis.—Common in June. The species of (Viso- 
niades seem to appear in spring about in this order: first 47zz0, then zce/us, 
persius and juvenalis, and lastly /ucidius. They all delight in recent 
clearings in the woods and in tracts of bushes, stumps and pbrush-heaps. 
77. Pholisora catullus—Common. ‘Two-brooded, appearing in June 
and again in September, the second brood being especially common 
around door yards and waste places where grow different species of 
Amarantus, especially A. a/bus. The larve are also found on Chenofpe- 
dium album. 
78. Eudamus pylades.—Quite common. Seen in spring from the 
middle of May to the middle of June, preferring open woods. 
79. Eudamus tityrus.—Common, From the end of May to the 
middle of July, but seems to prefer a solitary life and more than two or 
three are never seen at any one time. 
From this list it appears that 79 species of butterflies have been taken 
at this locality ; one or two remarks, perhaps, would be of value concern- 
ing certain ones. As to the Papilios, from information received from 
Prof. E. A. Strong, who began to collect at this piace some thirty years 
ago, it appears that ¢vo//us has constantly grown more common, and 
asterias and turnus less so ; ajax was once extremely rare, and the first 
cresphontes was not taken till some years after Mr. Strong came here, 
though he is unable to give me the exact date. Preris rape has, of 
course, appeared in comparatively recent times, and as it has become 
more common, Mr. Strong thinks protodice has decreased in numbers, 
while o/evacea is certainly much less common than it was ten years ago. 
Sat. alope, once taken, has disappeared and wephece become common, 
but not however at the same locality. Avg. myrina, Grapta j-album 
and Zim. ursuda have also grown more common of recent years, 

«a 
it 
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 107 
I desire in closing to call attention to one locality near this city which 
is, it seems to me, a remarkably productive one, and that is the vicinity of 
Lamberton Lake. Upon one day last summer, July 14th, I observed 
there 34 species, ina tract less than a mile in length :—Dan. archippus, 
Arg. aphrodite, alcestis, myrina, bellona, Mel. phaeton, Phyc. nycteis 
(worn), tharos, Grapta comma var. dryas, progne, Van. antiopa, Lim. 
ursula, disippus (worn), Leon. canthus, eurytris, Sat. nephele, Cad. 
borealis, Thecla acadica, edwardsii, calanus, Chrys. hypophleas, epix- 
anthe, Pier. rape, Col. philodice, Pap. asterias (one), Thym. poweshiek, 
Pam. peckius, cernes, pontiac, egeremet, mystic, delaware, manataaqua, 
and JVis. icelus (worn). A very long list, it seems to me, for one day in 
one locality. 
TRYPHON FLAVIFRONS, N. S. 
BY REV. THOMAS W. FYLES, F. L. S., SOUTH QUEBEC. 
Antenne, filiform, brown; number of joints, twenty-seven ; scape, 
large, ovate, pale yellow beneath. Eyes naked, large and prominent, 
dark rosy brown. Clypeus, Jabrum, mandibles and palpi pale yellow. 
The lower portions of the epicranium are of the same colour. The occiput 
is biack, smooth and glossy. Mesothorax highly convex, black, sparsely 
set with short, pale-brown, retrorse hairs. Scutellum elevated. Tegulz 
yellow. The under parts of thorax amber-coloured, as are also the legs, 
with the exception of the tarsi and parts of the tibize of the hindmost 
pair, which are brown. 
Wings hyaline. Costal and sub-costal nervures coalesce: stigma 
large ; basal nervure much curved inwardly; the second transverse 
cubital nervure wanting ; third submarginal cell large ; second transverse 
cubital nervure short and straight ; recurrent nerves straight and parallel ; 
second discoidal cell rather small. 
Abdomen long, flattened, sessile, black above, yellow beneath. Ovi- 
positor black, short and straight, the case set with black bristles beneath. 
Length of body, three-tenths of an inch, and of antennz two-tenths. 
Expanse of wings, four-tenths. The fly makes its appearance in August. 
Described from six specimens obtained from Nematus larve that had 
fed on a species of poplar (7. no/esti) imported from Russia, and that 
had gone into cocoon, 

108 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
THE SONG OF THYREONOTUS. 
BY WILLIAM T. DAVIS, STATEN ISLAND, N. Y. 
Mr. Samuel H. Scudder, in the Report of the Ontario Entomological 
Society for 1892, gives an interesting account of the “Songs of Our 
Grasshoppers and Crickets,” and kindly permits the stridulations of a 
number of Staten Island insects to be heard mid the general medley. 
There is, however, an additional songster to be added to this list, as 
appears from the following. 
On the 26th of last June I heard in a moist pasture, on the north 
shore of the Island, a stridulation that was unknown to me. It much 
resembled that produced by Orchelimum vulgare, with the preliminary 
zip, zip, omitted. It was a continuous z ¢¢e, with an occasional short 2, 
caused by the insect getting its wing-covers ready for acticn after a period 
of silence. It was too early for Orchelimum vulgare by about a week; at 
least I have never heard one on the Island before the fourth of July; so 
in the-present instance I made careful search for the musician. In due 
time I discovered, in a tussock of rank swamp grass, the brown songster 
perched on a dead leaf, and receiving the evidently welcome rays from 
the afternoon sun. It was Thyreonotus pachymerus, and in the swampy 
field about me I heard others of its kind, so that this individual was only 
one of a considerable colony. 
A failure to make proper use of his legs (the wings are abortive), 
resulted in the transfer of Thyreonotus from the tussock to atin can. At 
home I made a bowery for him ina larger tin can covered with netting, 
into which was introduced a branch of the coriaceous leaved post oak, and 
when the leaves dried, there were innumerable nooks and crannies 
Wherein to hide. Usually, however, the insect did not hide at all, but 
perched himself on one of the topmost leaves and there waved his antennz 
after the manner of all long-horned Orthoptera. Starting with rasp- 
berries, he had the rest of the fruits in their season, including watermelon, 
of which he showed marked appreciation. If I offered him a raspberry, 
and then gradually drew it away, he would follow in the direction of the 
departing fruit and would finally eat it from my hand. 
As the bowery was kept in my bed room, I had the full benefit of the 
songs of its occupant, and was often awakened in the night by his sud- 
den, alarm-like outburst of melody. He stridulated with unabated zeal 
to the first of August, when I noticed that his energies were’ lagging—he 

't 
qi 
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 109 
seemed to be much less sprightly. Finally his song, instead of filling the 
room, was but a faint sound, and I was obliged to place my ear close to 
the tin can. This was nearing the end, which came either on the tenth or 
eleventh of September, I cannot say which, for the bowery was not dis- 
turbed until its occupant had been missing from the upper leaves for 
several days. 
Once or twice during his captivity he took unnecessary alarm at my 
well-meant efforts to ‘‘fix” the bowery, and whacked his head most 
insanely against the tin can, being propelled thereto by his muscular hind 
legs. However, no harm seemed to result from these little fits of nervous- 
ness, and he evidently died quietly enough in the end. 
I have observed in other kinds of grasshoppers the subsidence in the 
volume of song as they grew older, which evidently makes it unsafe to 
take the efforts of a single individual as the standard of the species, 
especially if the time is late in the fall. 
NOTES ON LEUCANIA PSEUDARGYRIA, GUEN. 
BY REV. THOMAS W. FYLES, F. L. S., SOUTH QUEBEC. 
full-grown larva.—Length, two inches. Colour greenish-brown 
above, greenish-grey beneath. Pale dorsal and side lines. Spiracles 
black. Head and scale on second segment light reddish-brown ; jaws 
darker brown. This description agrees with that given by Mr. Caulfield 
in Vol. XIII. of the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, page 132. 
The larve, like those of Arzama obliquata, feed in the stems of Zypha 
latifolia. ‘The two species may sometimes be found in the same plant. 
They are plentiful in the swampy ground at the foot of Mount Royal, 
Montreal. Both sometimes become the prey of the maggots of Chetopsis 
aenea, Wied. 
Pupa.—Length, one inch and a-quarter. Colour light brick-red. 
Forepart rounded abruptly and terminating in a beak-like projection, 
resembles the head of a bird. Thoracic portion of case curves backward 
on either side to a point. Wing cases large. 
My specimens underwent the pupal change amongst the accumulated 
frass in their tunnels ; but doubtless the larva sometimes leave the food- 
plant and seek hibernacula elsewhere, as do those of Arzama obliquata, 
(See Mr. Caulfield’s notes referred to above. ) 

110 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 
TWO NEW CYNIPIDS FROM WASHINGION STATE. 
BY C. P, GILLETTE, FORT COLLINS, COLO. 
In February of last year I received a box of galls from Mr. Trevor 
Kincaid, of Olympia, Washington, for identification. The galls were 
taken from Rubus Mutkanus, and the flies reared from them early in the 
following March prove to be a new species, which I take pieasure in dedi- 
cating to Mr. Kincaid. 
Diastrophus kincaidii, n. sp. 
Gall.—Either of the two galls in my possession measure almost 
exactly 114 inches in length by three-fifths of an inch in greatest diameter, 
and are upon twigs that do not exceed 214 mm. in diameter. The galls are 
abrupt enlargements of the twigs, and they are literally filled with larval 
cells. The portion of the gall-subtance lying outside the cells is quite 
pithy, but the portion forming the septa between the cells is hard and 
woody. ‘The surface of the gall is smooth, but is irregularly swollen or 
lumpy, much as in the gall of D. nebulosus. 
Gall-fly—Female. Black ; legs, dark rufous; length, 2 to 2% mm. 
Head: face, coarsely striated ; frontal carina, smooth and shining and 
but little elevated (it seems like a ridge made by two depressed lines, 
one on either side) vertex, gene and occiput smooth and shining ; 
ocelil, inconspicuous ; face, sparsely set with very fine pubescence ; man- 
dibles, somewhat rufous at base; antenne, 13-jointed and black in 
colour. Thorax: mesonotum, nude, polished ; parapsidal grooves dis- 
tinct; median groove also distinct, but extending only a short distance 
from scutellum ; prothorax, striate ; mesothoracic pleur, shining, finely 
aciculate over a portion of the surface; scutellum rugose, bifoveate. 
Abdomen, entirely black ; petiole, fluted, second segment occupying one- 
half of the dorsum. Wings, 3 mm. long: hyaline; rst and 2nd transverse 
nervures, quite black, but not very heavy ; areolet, small, 
The male differs from the female in being only one and three-fourths 
mm. long, having antenne 14-jointed, and having the abdomen smaller. 
Described from 25 females and 14 males bred from the galls. 
Synergus garryana, n. sp. 
Female. General colour rufous, with tips of mandibles, compound 
eyes, vertex between ocelli, occiput, lower half of mesopleure, metathorax, 
pedicel of abdomen and two blotches on second abdominal segment, one 
next the petiole and one just beyond the middle of the dorsum, black. 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. BE 
Head ; face entirely yellowish-rufous, coarsely striated and sparsely 
set with short hairs; vertex rugose-punctate ; antenne 14-jointed, and in 
colour like the face, a little infuscate at the tip. Thorax above a little 
darker rufous than the face, transversely rugose; parapsidal grooves 
narrow and rather indistinct, but extending to the collar; no median 
groove; parallel lines extending back from the collar, short and rather 
indistinct, sparsely set with short recumbent hairs ; scutellum coarsely 
rugose, the fovez oblique and shining biack at the bottom.; mesothor- 
acic pleure coarsely aciculate ; in two specimens the lower half only is 
black, and in two others, a little smaller, the entire pleurz are 
black. Abdomen: petiole coarsely striated; second segment very 
smooth and shining, and finely punctured on outer third. Legs, includ- 
ing coxe, uniform light yellow, except the tarsi of the third pair and the 
tips of the last tarsus in the others, which are black. Wings hyaline, 
nervures light, areolet obsolete. Length, 214 to 3 mm. 
Male. The male differs from the female as follows: Length, 21% 
mm.; vertex above antenne, except a narrow orbital line, black ; antenne, 
15-jointed ; thorax, entirely black ; abdomen, black, except the tip of the 
second segment, which is yellowish, and the entire tibiz of the pair of 
legs are blackish. 
The above descriptions are made from four females and five males 
which issued from the galls between March rst and roth, 1893. 
The galls from which this very pretty Synergus was reared resemble 
very closely those of Hfolcaspis monticola, Gill, MS., the description of 
which is already in the hands of the printer for publication. The galls 
were collected by Mr. Trevor Kincaid, of Olympia, Washington, from 
twigs of Quercus garryana. 
WHICH (SIDE. OF THE PREE DOES, PHLGOTRIBUS 
LIMINARIS ATTACK ? 
BY F, M. WEBSTER. 
Recently, while studying the habits of this beetle in the peach orchards 
of Catawba Island, on the south shore of Lake Erie, I was surprised to 
observe that the fall attack had invariably been made on the east or south- 
east side—which is here the land side of the trees—and old trees, where 
the bark of the trunks was very rough, were more seriously affected. On 
mentioning the fact of this apparent discrimination in point of attack to 
my friend Dr. D. S. Kellicott, he recalled that the same phenomenon 
occurred about Buffalo, New York. 

112 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
Here in Ohio, in every case where the writer has observed it, the 
adults only have been found, wintering in burrows or chambers in the 
bark clearly excavated by themselves after becoming fully developed and 
not during larval stage. 
On February 10, I took from a peach tree in Eastern Arkansas, 
adults, pups and what I presumed to be larvee of this species, from all 
sides of the tree, which, by the way, was rather a young one with bark 
comparatively little roughened. ‘This tree stood just above high water 
mark, on the eastern foot of Crawley’s Ridge, which marks the western 
boundary of the swamp or overflowed country to the west of the Missis- 
sippi River. There was here, certainly, no partiality shown for any 
particular side of the tree. Are the beetles in Northern Ohio and 
Western New York driven to the discrimination previously noted by the 
lake winds, at the time they burrow into the bark in the fall, and has such 
selection in point of attack been observed elsewhere, except near and 
to the south of the Great Lakes ? 
CORRESPONDENCE. 
TRYPETA, CLISIOCAMPA AND AMMALO. 
The January and February numbers of the CANADIAN’ ENTOMOLOGIST 
just to hand suggest a few remarks. Prof. Townsend gives a most inter- 
esting account of the Azge/ovia Trypetid, and although I had described 
the imago as well as the gall in Ent. Mo. Mag. (Dec., 1890, p. 324), most 
of what he writes is new. The eyes, as Prof. Townsend surmises, ‘are 
green in life. The variety from Johnson’s Basin seems to have the char- 
acter of my var. asrupta. The hymenopterous parasite mentioned on 
page 52 may perhaps be a Zorymus, identical with one I bred at West 
Cliff. I also bred from the galls a new Aurytoma (£. bigelovie, Ashm.) 
and a weevil, Anthonomus canus, besides the Cecid, which I described as 
Cecidomyia bigelovie. At West Cliff, Colo., a Clistocampa is very com- 
mon, which, according to Mr. Dyar, must be referred to C. fragilis, 
Stretch. I had always called it californica, following Dr. Packard’s 
opinion. An account of this insect will be found in the 4th Rept. of the 
Colo. Biol. Assoc., where the distinctness of certain of the larve from 
californica is alluded to. Populus and Salix may be added to the list of 
food-plants. I also found larve on Rides aureum. I found the eggs on 
willow branches in batches; colour pale greyish, shape elongate, egg- 
shells iridescent within. Ammophila robusta is an enemy of the larva, 
but I did not notice any parasites. On page 27 Mr. Dyar refers to 
Ammalo helops. ‘This gets nearer to the U.S. than Surinam, at all events, 
since Moschler in 1886 recorded it from Jamaica. With reference to the 
foot note on page 52, it is only fair to state that the trypetid nature of the 
Bigelovia galls was first discovered at the Department of Agriculture, 
Washington. This was before I had bred the imago. 
Feb. 19, 1893. aT. DAY COckEREDL, 
Mailed April 11th. 

The Fanadliay Hntomologist 
WOM DEX. 
LONDON, MAY, 1893. No. 5. 
NEW SPECIES OF FOSSORIAL HYMENOPTERA. 
BY WM. J. FOX, PHILADELPHIA. 
MYZINE THORACICA. 
° .—Clypeus strongly and closely punctured, carinated or angular down 
the middle ; front with large, coarse punctures, which become sparser on 
the vertex and cheeks ; the ocelli deeply pitted, the hind pair almost 
hidden ; prothorax, mesopleure, dorsulum and scutellum with large, 
separated punctures, those on the dorsulum by far the largest and sparest ; 
metathorax above and behind entirely smooth, the metapleure with 
oblique striations ; legs, especially the tibize, coarsely punctured, the outer 
side of the medial and hind tibiw covered with strong, short bristles, and 
in addition with a row of stout, short spines on the outer edge, the medial 
and hind tarsi with long bristles and spines ; anterior tarsi with the spines 
stout, the longest equalling the length of the first joint of that tarsus ; 
wings flavo-hyaline, somewhat fuscous apically, the nervures testaceous ; 
abdomen with a beautiful iridescent sheen dorsally, with fine rather close 
punctures, the first segment and base of the following three impunctate ; 
on the apical portion of segments 1-3 the punctures are sparse and 
stronger, those on the fifth segment stronger ; ventral segments on apical 
portion with large punctures or holes, which form on segments 1-4 a 
transverse row, which is produced forward into an angle medially ; last 
dorsal segment with fine longitudinal striations. Black: mandibles, except 
apical portion, apex of scape, base of femora beneath, apex of fore tibize, 
the remaining tibie above and the tarsi. Rufous : a spot at the extreme side 
of clypeus, a transverse mark on front behind antenne, interrupted 
medially, which extends up along the inner orbits and coalesces with the 
mark on the vertex—this latter extends down on the cheeks ; prothorax 
above, except two elongate, transverse marks, two large spots on meso- 
pleurze, middle and outer lobes of the dorsulum in part, tegule, scutellum, 
post scutellum, a large spot in middle of metanotum, a much larger one 
on each side of the posterior face, which extends around on the sides ; the 

114 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 
femora and tibie in part, a transverse band on dorsal segments 1-5 of 
abdomen, all of which except the first are narrowed medially, the first and 
second slightly separated, that on the third segment somewhat squarely 
emarginate behind, and ventral segments 2-4 with a large spot, those on 
the second segment longitudinal, the others transverse; mandibles and 
labrum fringed with testaceous hairs ; head, thorax, legs and abdomen 
beneath with long, pale hair. Length, 18-20 mm. 
So. Illinois (Chas. Robertson). One specimen has the markings on 
the abdomen narrower, the band on the second segment widely divided in 
the middle, the third ventral segment immaculate, and the front with a 
longitudinal medial yellow line. Allied to sexeincta and caroliniana. 
From the first mentioned it is distinguished by the entirely smooth meta- 
thorax, the richer livery ; from the latter by the stronger and closer 
punctuation of the front and ventral portion of the abdomen and larger 
size. It may, however, prove to be but a variety of sexcincta. 
POMPILUS RELATIVUS. 
2 .— Anterior margin of clypeus distinctly but not strongly incurved ; 
ront with the impressed line obliterated in the middle, but very strong 
behind the antennz and before the ocelli; posterior margin ‘of 
prothorax subangular: metathorax rounded behind, upper surface with a 
rather strong, longitudinal, impressed line, which terminates at base of 
posterior face, the latter depressed; tibiz and tarsi strongly spinose ; 
tarsal claws toothed at the base; longest spur of hind tibiw# more than 
haif as long as the first joint of hind tarsi; wings deep blackish violaceous, 
the apical margins even darker, third submarginal cell triangular, the 
second and third cubital transverse veins very contiguous at the top, 
second recurrent nervure sinuous, received by the third submarginal cell 
at about the middle; ventral abdominal segments with a few erect hairs, 
which are most dense and prominent on apical segment. Black, with a 
very slight bluish reflection, which is most obvious on the abdomen ; legs 
and antenne entirely black; head and anterior coxe with numerous 
long, black hairs, the prothorax and dorsulum also with a very few 
hairs. Length, 18 mm. 
Two specimens. Ocean County, N.J. (Prof. J. B. Smith); So. 
Illinois (Chas. Robertson). Related to philadelphicus, ethiops and 
maurus. ‘The clypeus is much less incurved than in either of the first 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ; 115 
two species, and the third submarginal cell differently shaped. From 
maurus it differs by having the tarsal claws toothed, instead of cleft. Its 
position is between @thiops and maurus. 
POMPILUS POSTERUS. 
?.—Anterior margin of clypeus very slightly incurved; frontal 
impression distinct ; posterior margin of prothorax bowed ; metathorax 
not impressed above ; tibiz and tarsi very strongly spinose, the longest of 
those on the fore tarsi almost equalling the first joint of that tarsus in 
length ; tarsal claws cleft; longest spur of hind tibia much more than 
two-thirds as long as the first joint of hind tarsi; wings hyaline, the 
apical margin broadly fuscous, nervures black; third submarginal cell 
narrowed about one half at the top, the second recurrent nervure 
received by it a little beyond the middle. Black: head, thorax, legs and 
first abdominal segment clothed with silvery pile which has somewhat the 
appearance of verdigris; hind femora and tibie (the spurs excepted) 
rufous , posterior margin of prothorax narrowly whitish ; head with rather 
sparse, pale hair. Length, 7 mm. 
¢.—More slender than the female, antenne shorter and stouter ; the 
tibial spurs, transverse band at base of third dorsal segment, and spot at 
apex of abdomen above, white. Length, 7 mm. 
Camden County, N. J. (July) ; So. Florida (Cras. Robertson). Allied 
to biguttatus, from which it differs in the colour of the hind legs, the 
stronger armature of the legs and the greater length of the hind tibial 
spur. 
PLANICEPS CALCARATUS. 
f?.—Anterior margin of clypeus rounded ; front strongly impressed on 
lower portion ; anterior ocelli deeply pitted ; antenne reaching much 
beyond the tegule, the flagellum slightly tapering to the apex; hind 
margin of prothorax formed into a very slight angle medially ; metathorax 
above with exceedingly fine punctures, with longitudinal, medial, im- 
pressed line; tibie with distinct, though not strong, spines, the tarsi 
scarcely or not at allspined; longest spur of hind tibize as long as the first 
joint of nind tarsi ; wings sub-hyaline, iridescent, nervures fuscous, second 
recurrent nervure uniting with the second transverse cubital vein ; black ; 

116 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 
tibial spurs white ; head and sides of thorax sparsely clothed with silvery- 
sericeous pile. Length, 6 mm. 
So. Florida ( Chus. Robertson). Distinct from our only other known 
species, ferad’s, by the longer antenne and hind tibial spurs, and by the 
white calcaria. 
GORYTES DENTATUS. 
¢.—Head not as broad as the thorax ; ocellar region slightly raised, 
the ocellt forming a very low triangle ; front with large, shallow, scattered 
punctures, the longitudinal impressed line strong; inner eye-margins 
slightly though distinctly converging towards the clypeus; scape but 
little if anything longer than the clypeus, is long in the middle, third 
antennal joint distinctly longer than any of the following, except the last, 
to which it is about equal ; joints ro-12 emarginate beneath, the twelfth 
joint but slightly so; clypeus convex, with a few scattered, indistinct 
punctures, its anterior margin distinctly incurved. Thorax with strong, 
separated punctures, sparsest on the scutellum ; in addition to the carina 
which runs from each shoulder tubercle around the fore edge of meso- 
sternum, there is behind it a transverse carina or ridge, which terminates 
in a stout tooth at the extreme side; enclosed space on metanotum well- 
marked, triangular, its sides somewhat incurved, on the basal portion it is 
longitudinally strongly striated, while on the apical narrow portion it is 
transversely striated, at the apex of the enclosure there is a strong pit ; four 
posterior tibiz and tarsi tolerably well furnished with spines; wings hyaline, 
a fuscous cloud completely fills the marginal, second and third submar- 
ginal, and the apical portion of the third discoidal cells ; there is also a 
slight spot at apex of median and sub-median cells, stigma and costal 
nervure fulvous,the other nervures black. Abdomen with tolerably strong, 
separated punctures, strongest and more scattered ventrally, first segment 
at apex nearly as wide as the second, sessile with it, the second segment 
transversely swollen near the base, so that when viewed from the side the 
first and second segments are separated by a deep suture. Entirely bright 
ferruginous ; tips of mandibles black ; clypeus, front and face on sides, 
scape beneath, transverse line on collar, shoulder-tubercles, anterior por- 
tion of mesopleurz, scutellum, a spot on four anterior tibiz in front, first 
joint of medial tarsi at base, and apical margins of dorsal abdominal 
segments 1-3, pale yellow; the fascia on segments 2 and 3 narrowest 

2? 
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ALT 
broadened at extreme sides; a broad fascia on second ventral segment 
and two large spots on the third, also yellowish ; clypeus sparsely clothed 
with pale hairs. Length, ro mm. 
Grand Canon, Arizona, ‘‘70 miles North of Flagstaff.” (C. H. Tyler 
Townsend). Not closely related to any of our species. It comes nearest 
to G. spilopterus and trico/or, but the sculpture is finer and the abdomen 
differently shaped. It differs from the ¢ of ¢récolor in the dentate 
mesosternum ; the 2 of sfilopterus is as yet unknown, but dentatus 
differs too greatly to consider it the ¢ of that species. 
MIMESA MACULIPES. 
¢.—Anterior margin of clypeus subtruncate, entire ; front with very 
fine, close punctures, which become sparse on the vertex, and strongly 
impressed medially ; ocelli very prominent, placed in a triangle, on each 
side of the hind pair there is a strong depression ; antennz rather long, 
the flagellum clavate; first joint of flagellum about one-quarter longer 
than the second ; dorsulum with very fine punctures, almost impunctate; 
suture between dorsulum and scutellum wide; scutellum impunctate, 
slightly impressed medially ; metathorax very strongly rugose ; the enclosed 
space at base of metanotum with numerous, somewhat oblique ridges ; 
petiole in length distinctly shorter than the hind femora, almost straight, 
the upper surface with two widely separated furrows, on the sides the 
petiole is broadly channelled; remainder of abdomen impunctate, last 
dorsal segment smooth; black, the abdomen entirely so; flagellum 
beneath rufous ; apex of four anterior femora, the tibiz and tarsi, pale 
testaceous ; hind tibiz, except base and apex, black; face and clypeus 
with bright silvery pubescence, wings hyaline, nervures and stigma black. 
Length, 10 mm. 
So. Florida (Chas. Robertson). Because of both recurrent nervures 
received by the second submarginal cell, I have placed this in AZzmesa. 
It differs from all our species of that genus (?) by the entirely black 
abdomen. In my opinion J//mesa is but a section of Psen. 

118 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
SYNOPSIS OF THE ASILID GENERA MALLOPHORA AND 
NICOCLES. 
BY D. W. COQUILLETT, LOS ANGELES, CAL. 
With the exceptions of J/allophora ardens, Macq., and MM. fulviven- 
tris, Macq., neither of which have been identified, the following table 
contains all the species belonging to this genus at present known to occur 
in America north of Mexico. Three species are known to me to inhabit 
Southern California: /aufrix, O. S., originally described from Mexico ; 
Gui/diana, also found in Montana, Kansas and North Carolina; and a 
new species described below :— 
1. Pile ef abdomen hght coloured, none black 
ane nee 
Pile of abdomen light coloured, many on the fourth or ealowine 
segments black. oe Mie g.cich S.atecS Faken} 4 eee 
Pile of abdomen aioli bine, Pesci AG 9 Aten epee Le 
2, Femoray€xcept theextieme apes. Diteiian..o ne rere ee 
Femora dJargelyor-wholly ted) @.i.c 7 eer sans «Dee eee ee 
3. Thorax destitute of black pile, first posterior cell broadly 
OPIS. cc 3.0 avg abate” sar curay eames areca pidis ais IMERMCAILE, NSD: 
Thorax a Black pile, fee Hoste Or cell faloeeul clausticella, Macq. 
4. Femora wholly red, pile of legs largely black.......fautrix, O. £ 
Femora marked with a distinct black spot on each, pile of legs 
light yellow........ is. Ga 4u ahs! dada he GIA eae 
Regi lesOt) venten Wohi coloured Eee ee ee 
Pile of venter black... Se ee en ae? .orcina, Wied. 
6. Species not erect. I5 mm. in anew: ......laphroides, Wied. 
Species exceeding 20 mm. in length... ........domboides, Wied. 
Matlophora megachile, n. sp., 6 9. Black, tibiae and extreme apices 
of the four anterior femora yellow. Pile of entire body grayish-white, 
more yellow on the tibiz, a few black ones on the antenne, front, tips of 
posterior femora above, and many on apices of the posterior tibiz and on 
all the tarsi; that on the hypopygium of the male rather dense, white, 
appressed and parted in the middle. A few black bristles at apex of each of 
the four posterior femora above, also on the under side of the posterior 
femora and on the posterior tibia. Halteres brown. Wings grayish- 
hyaline, costal and marginal cells darker ; first posterior cell broadly 
open ; apices of the fourth and of the three following veins nearly colour- 
less. Antennal style less than three-fourths as long as the third joint. 
~ 
~ 
GA See tn 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. kes) 
Length, 12 mm. Los Angeles County, Cal. Four males and one 
female. 
The following table contains all the species of Vicocles known to 
occur in America north of Mexico; of these, rufus and scitu/us may 
belong to Blacodes :— 
1. Third and fourth abdominal segments wholly black............3 
*Third and fourth sesments: largely or; wholly redic7o05s ts iea 2 
2. Body red, a black spot on the second abdominal seg- 
jDOTEVOUG senor Steep Say ee Cae CaaS tet een eR Tenens MPI 7747 ten NGL 
Body black, abdominal segments three to six largely 
Bee etree rec MO tan hte oa tote Osten oda Ad arceaig, NAD LO MECH ALES A WWAlle 
3. Wings hyaline, a brown cloud at base of each submarginal, 
posterior and.or thevdiseal cell)....% us sss. ascceules, Will. 
Wings marked with brown in other places than these........4 
4. Antennal style one-half as long as the third joint..............5 
Antennal style only one-fourth as long as the slender third 
FOIE wr CASLEDM AS DCCIESt.cssewaxc-d claterial ste cus ana see DUCES, We 
¢. Fifth abdominal segment in the male more than three times as 
WAGE CASE OMG: pee eet tee. ona e a ghaeRrae ee a ake be dD sae al ape 2 O 
Fifth segment less than three times as wide as long ; California 
SI USCISS) bcto ci AG Cher oo aE hoe, ot, MORDE SE BRR AO et rae ae 
Geeinhabits) the Atlantie States... 2. Fuk x. tee ow.) fe Holts, Say. 
Mmltalyits mG AIKOLMa se tancs shares oc ete e es ot AALOESS LW 
7. Brown spot at tip of wing not crossing the first and second 
posterior cells ; posterior tibia and tarsi of the male densely 
SUIVERYE WHEN ayeneeiys co. s/t) said ee ale «a MASOCRLQIUS oN), SPs 
Brown spot at tip of wing crosses the first and second posterior 
cells; posterior tibiz and tarsi of the male. not 
SUVS Ve aGRe tenes eeee click oe cys «oie eee jo seni ointe aac CPRECRLOM,, Laws 
Nicocles argentatus, n. sp., ¢. Black, the tibiz and apex of the sixth 
and sometimes ofthe fifth abdominal segment red. Front grayish-brown 
pollinose, face nearly flat, white pollinose and sparse whitish pilose, 
mystax on oral margin consisting of a few long yellowish hairs inter- 
spersed among about fourteen stout yellow bristles ; pile of palpi and of 
occiput white, bristles of the latter yellowish. First joint of antenne 

120 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
slightly longer than the second, the third one and three-fourth times as 
long as the first two taken together, of nearly an equal width, the style 
nearly half as long as the third joint. Thorax marked with a broad 
median black stripe not extending on the posterior fourth, and on each 
side of it is a large brown pollinose spot divided by the suture and 
bounded in front by a black spot, also a brown spot on the humeri, 
elsewhere the pollen is grayish-white, the pile very sparse, white, the 
bristles brown ; pleura brown pollinose in front, grayish-white pollinose 
behind, the fan-like row of hairs in front of the halteres white. Scutellum 
brown pollinose, a black spot at the base each side ; bearing two brown 
bristles. Abdomen smooth, sparse grayish-black pollinose, that at base 
and sides of segments two to four gray, the fifth and sixth segments 
wholly silvery pollinose ; second segment longer than wide, the others 
wider than long, the fifth being two and a-half times as wide 
as long; venter gray pollinose and with a median brown_pollinose 
stripe, its pile and that of the legs white, the bristles of the 
latter white and yellowish ; postericr tibia within, and the underside of 
their tarsi, densely silvery-white pollinose and pubescent. Wings hyaline, 
an indefinite pale brown spot extends from the tip of the auxiliary vein 
to the base of the fifth posterior cell, darkest in the marginal and inter- 
rupted in the first submarginal cell; a second brown spot covers the veins 
at bases of the first, second and third posterior cells ; a scarcely apparent 
brown spot at base of second submarginal cell, and a large one filling 
apices of the marginal, first and second submarginal and of the first 
posterior cell, extending from one-half to three-fourths the distance from 
the tip to the base of the second submarginal cell, and sometimes con- 
nected with the first mentioned brown spot by a brown streak extending 
through the middle of the marginal cell; all posterior cells open, the 
anal cell closed. 
Q.—Same as the ¢, except that the apices of the fifth and sixth 
abdominal segments are never red, the pollen covering these segments is 
never silvery, and the posterior tibiae and tarsi are destitute of silvery 
pollen and pubescence. 
Length, 8 to ro mm. Los Angeles and San Bernardino Counties, Cal. 
Nine males and eight females in April. 

a eee 
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. All 
DESCRIPTIONS OF CERTAIN NEW FORMS OF LEPIDOPTERA. 
BY B. NEUMOEGEN AND HARRISON G. DYAR. 
Family LAGoIpé. 
Vein 1a of primaries present ; median, 4-branched ; vein 8 of second- 
aries arising from the subcostal, more than half the length of cell from 
base; ¢ antenne pectinated to the tip. 
Synopsis of genera :— 
Antenne long ; body parts robust. 
Veins 3 and 4 of secondaries stalked.. ........ a sess CAT AMIA: 
Veins 3 and 4 separate, arising from the median.........Zagoa. 
Antenne very short ; body more slender...............Dadlcerides. 
Genus DALCERIDES, 7. ge7. 
Head very small, but with large eyes; palpi slender, antenne very 
short, hardly as long as the thorax, finely bipectinated. Vein 1 of 
primaries free, unbranched ; 1a present; median vein 4-branched, vein 2 
arising beyond the middle, veins 3-5 from near together ; cell broad, 
closed, with false discal vein ; 6 from the middle of the retracted upper 
half of the cross vein, a small rounded accessory cell; 7-8 on a stalk 
from the pointed end of the accessory cell; 9 from the same point ; 10 
apparently absent ; 11 from top of accessory cell, appearing to join 12, 
which is free from base. ‘The secondaries have two internal veins ; veins 
2-6 as on primaries ; 7 a continuation of the subcostal ; 8 from subcostal 
on middle of cell, not diverging till end-of cell; a discal false vein runs 
to the angulation of the cross vein between the origins of veins 5 and 6. 
Type, Artaxa ingenita, Hy. Edw. 
Family NoTropontTIp&. 
Median vein of primaries 3-branched ; 8 of secondaries from base, 
close to subcostal for a large part of its length ; veins 3 and 4 not stalked. 
Partial synopsis of genera :— 
Outer margin of primaries entire. 
¢ Antennz pectinated to the tip, the pectinations as long or longer 
than their cilia. 
Primaries without accessory cell. 
Internal margin entire. 
Vein 5 of secondaries weak or absent. 
Tip of abdomen with a brush-like tuft... 1Ze/a/opha. 

ee, THE GANADIAN EN!GMOLOGIST. 
Genus MeLaLopua, Hiibn ( = /ckthyura, Hubn.) 
M. ALETHE, 7. Sp. 
los 
We have before us a 2 specimen from Truckee, California, which 
seems to be undescribed. It is possible that we have to do with AZ, api- 
calis, though the description of Walker does not fit. Itis allied to JZ. 
multnoma, Dyar, and M7. brucez, Hy. Edw. 
Colour, obscure gray or drab, with the usual deep brown thoracic mark, 
Fore wings slightly purplish (‘ecru drab,” Ridgway’s nomenclature of 
colours, plate III., fig. 21), the lines as in druce¢ and mu/tnoma, but white 
and narrower, more as in figra, powdery, obsolescent, under the lens 
narrowly broken here and there, the fourth forming a distinct, somewhat 
S-shaped bend at costa, where it is slightly widened and distinctly white. 
The wing is very uniform in colour, without the contrasting shades of 
brucei and multnoma; there is no subapical rusty patch except the 
merest trace outside the 4th line, but a moderately distinct deep brown 
shade overspreads the whole apical portion of the wing from the third 
line outward, reaching downward to vein 3, and being most strongly 
marked in the region of the 4th line. It recalls the ornamentation of JZ. 
anachoreta, Fabr. ; but is far from being as distinct as in that species. 
This shading is present in 7. var. ornata and M. brucei and others, but 
these have also the shade bordering the 3rd line, so that the resemblance 
to anachoreta is obscured. Subterminal series of interspaceal dots nearly 
straight, very uniform, and not obscured by the shading. 
Hind wings drab (Ridgway, plate, IIL. fig. 18), immaculate, — Ex- 
panse, 28 mm. 
The following table will serve to separate the North American forms 
of Melalopha. Omitted names are referred to the synonymy :— 
Lines not anastomosing, the 3rd running free from internal margin to 
costa. 
Only the: 4th linepresent’ (P).2.404 ont a teas eu, SpIEOES UW 
Lines all present. 
Size large, basal line straight. 
Colour dark, with black subapical patch. a/bosigma, Fitch. 
Colour paler, patch brown.........var. specifica, Dyar. 
Size smaller, basal line angulated and curved. 
Of uniform tint, subapical rusty patch very 
obscure... ....4.%0-00%.0, .,a¢ethe, Neumsand Dyar. 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 123 
Of contrasting shades with distinct subapical rusty patch. 
Colour very dark, obscured... .. .. mu/tnoma, Dyar. 
Colour pale, shades contrasted... .druce?, Hy. Edw. 
Lines anastomosing, the 2nd and 3rd joining at or about the median 
vein. 
Lines all waved, the basal one both angulated and curved. 
Size medium, ornamentation distinct. 
Size moderate with the usual thoracic patch. 
Colour dark, a waved paler band on secondaries. 
Subapical shade rusty red..........vau. Fitch. 
Subapical shade brownish-red. var. ornata,G.&R. 
Colour pale, line on secondaries lost. 
Cf a pale purplish shade.... var. bifiria, H. E. 
Pale, almost ‘sordid white”... var. astorie,H. E. 
Larger, thoracic patch absent..........zuornata, Neum. 
Size small, longitudinal streaks more or less evident. 
Am,Opscure thoracic mark... .-. .>...aseee sa sumegosa, | Gtt: 
Without any thoracic mark........ var. luculenta, H. E. 
Lines comparatively rigid, the basal dislocated on median vein, not 
toothed. 
4th line white on costa. 
Subapical patch distinct, yellowish, divided by the 
ViGIASietecastslaue anata Spe anes SM OTAICLUS  EAUD: 
Subapical patch darker, obscured... .. var. inversa, Pack. 
Ate liMme mot whites OM Costa ....1cy. wasames ens 2 /0COSG, Elyse aw. 
Family SATURNIID&. 
Median vein of primaries 3-branched, 8 of secondaries curved, free 
from base, and remote from subcostal; ¢ antennz pectinated to the 
tip, often doubly bipectinated; secondaries with one or two internal 
veins ; size large to very large. Genus AuroMmeErIs, Hiibn ( = || Wyperchiria 
p., Walk). 
A. Io Fabr., var. ARGUS, 2. var. 
¢ .—Head, thorax, body, legs and wings light yellow. Both wings 
uniform in colour, with some darker basal tints. On secondaries a promin- 
ent blackish-blue ocellus with white central lunule, surrounded by an 
outer semi-circular black line. 
Below a large black discal spot, with white central kernel on 
primaries, and faint traces of the transverse lines on both wings. 

[24 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
This aberration, which seems extremely rare, is immediately 
recognized by its immaculate wings, showing only the large ocellus on 
secondaries. 
Caught at Hoboken, N. J. 
Family LitHosip. 
Genus Hypoprepta, Hubn. 
H. mintava, Kirby, var. SUBORNATA, N. var. 
f.—The red colour of thorax, body and primaries of a lighter shade 
than in the typical form. The black coating on upper surface of 
abdomen entirely wanting. 
Secondaries immaculate, light rose colour, fading towards anal 
margin, with a faint grayish, apical tinge. 
A striking variation, easily determined by the delicate shade of its 
immaculate secondaries. 
Habitat : Texas. 
We do not regard 7 miniata as a synonym or variety of /Z. fucosa, 
Hubn, but as a valid ane The following table will serve to distin- 
guish the described forms : 
ies brightly coloured, with three longitudina] mouse-gray bands. 
Ground colour of primaries entirely red. . 
Hind wings with broad mouse-gray border... .mniata, Kby. 
This border lacking...............var. subornata, N. and D. 
Ground colour partly vellow, partly red. 
Bands on primaries normal................-/wcosa, Hiibn. 
Bands extensive, predominating and largely obscuring the 
ground colour... Sten Boas VON PLUUed) Eaves ice 
Ground colour entirely yellewiles re veee ee. Cadauerosa, Strk. 
Wings obscure gray, thinly scaled, the Seceatlane: pink. czcu/ta, Hy. Edw. 
Family HEPIALID&. 
Genus STHENOPIS, Pack. 
S. ARGENTEOMACULATUS, Har., var. SEMIAURATUS, 2%. var. 
Antenne light brown. Head, thorax and body, bright salmon 
colour. Legs pink, tufted with yellowish hair. Ground colour of 
primaries pinkish salmon. All the maculations, transverse bands, as 
well as the subterminal space, of a peculiar brownish yellow, which in 

Or 
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, De 
fresh specimens has the lustre of pale gold. The two silver dots near 
origin of cell, in primaries, prominent, varying in shape from subovate 
to subtriangular. 
Secondaries light pink, fading into salmon-coloured tinges along anal 
margin and in basal area. 
Wings below pinkish, veins prominently so, fading into lighter 
shades in basal areas. Pink subterminal lines. 
Habitat: White Mountains of New Hampshire. 
This well-known form-has never really been described. It figured for 
decades in collections as Sth. var. qguadriguttatus, Gr., which latter 
name, however, is a synonym of the typical insect. The type form, as a 
generality, is not as large as this variety, of which some specimens 
measure as much as 85.—go. mm. in expanse. 
Described from several examples of both sexes. 
HEPIALUS ROSEICAPUT, 70v. Sp. 
One ¢. Antenne light brown. 
Front of head and palpi pinkish. Interspace between antenne red. 
Prothorax, thorax, body, iegs and wings of luteous stone colour. 
Primaries with minimal granules of the very faintest pink. Two lines of 
irregular, blackish dots. One from base along median vein to near 
centre of cell, where it turns down to internal margin, meeting an oblique 
transverse line of dots from apex. Subterminal line blackish. 
Secondaries blackish gray with luteous fringes. 
Below, both wings blackish gray, with luteous costa and fringes. 
Legs with an outside tinge of pink. A slight anal tuft of the faintest pink. 
Expanse of wings : 33 mm. 
Length of body: 6 mm. 
Habitat: Cascade Range near Lytton, British Columbia. 
This insect belongs to the group of small sized, dull coloured 
Hepialidze of our western continent. ‘The peculiarity of the pinkish tint 
of the palpi and parts of the head makes it easily recognizable. 
The types of all the new forms here described are in Mr. Neumoegen’s 
collection. 
UNIDENTIFIED NAMES. 
In going over the literature of the North American Bombyces, we 
have been unable to apply the following names. A number of them are 
types of genera of which the original descriptions are inadequate. In- 

126 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
formation respecting any of them will be most welcome, especially struc- ; 
tural notes, to supplement the imperfect descriptions of the authors 
Pseudalypia Crotchu, Hy. Edw. 
Erruca Pertyi, H. S. 
Thia extranea, Hy. Edw. 
Farias obliquata, Hy. Edw. 
Cisthene lactea, Str. 
Alexicles aspersa, Grt. 
Cingilia humeralis, Walk. 
Limacodes (Semyra) Beutenmuelleri, Hy. Edw. 
Limacodes (Tortricidia) ferrigera, Walk. 
Krona minuta, Reak. 
Dioptis megera, Fabr. 
Psyche fragmentella, Hy. Edw. (case only). 
Psyche coniferella, Hy. Edw. i 
Pseudopsyche (Oedonia) exigua, Hy. Edw. 
Sapinella (Eutheca) mora, Grt. 
Oiketicus Davidsonii, Hy. Edw. (case only). 
Chalia Rileyi, Heyl.* 
Brachionycha barcmetrica, Goossens. 
Dasychira ciandestina, Walk. ’ 
Ichthyura apicalis, Walk. 
Gluphisia septentrionalis, Walk. 
Notodonta plagiata, Walk. 
Edema obliqua, Walk. 
Edema plagiata, Waik. 
Certila flexuosa, Walk. 
Saligena personata, Walk. 
Heterocampa thyatiroides, Walk. 
- mollis, Walk. 
5 nigrosignata, Walk. 
i umbrata, Walk. 
Artace albicans, Walk. 
Rhagonis bicolor, Walk. 
Cossus nanus, Strk. 
*This name is not included because we regard the description as inadequate, but 
because we do not know the species and have seen no reference to it in American 
literature. 

I Oe 
—— 
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, E27 
NORTH AMERICAN ‘THYSANURA. 
BY ALEX. D. MACGILLIVRAY, ITHACA, N. Y. 
Smynthurus spinatus, 0. sp. 
Olive. Head tinted with purple, lighter on the sides, olive around the 
mouth and eyes ; coarsely and sparsely punctuate, punctures light olive, 
each bearing a white hair. Antennz purplish, basal joint lighter, as long 
as the body ; apical segment with from seventeen to twenty subsegments. 
Abdomen fuscous with lighter spots ; the apical part with an olivaceous 
cloud, the remainder fuscous with whitish or olivaceous blotches ; on the 
middle of the back a number of groups of circular white spots, and on 
the posterior part of each side a row of white spots, varying from four to 
ten. Underneath olive. Anal papillze large, distinct, with numerous 
pristles ; the upper part and the sides purplish or fuscous, the remainder 
olive with darker spots. Legs long and slender, purplish or fuscous, 
mottled with variously formed olive or whitish blotches; apex of the 
tibize and base of the larger claw blackish purple. Claws long and slen- 
der, inner claw indistinct ; apex of the tibiz with a few clubbed hairs. 
Spring long, broad and flat, reaching the mouth ; second joint broad, 
each side with a row of long stiff bristles ; bristles twice as long as the 
spring is broad ; third joint long, broad, bluntly rounded. 
Length, 2 mm. (.078 inch). 
Habitat: Ithaca, New York. 
A very variable species, in young specimens the back is pea-green, 
and in some specimens there is a broad olive band down the middle of 
the back. The color varies from pea-green to purplish and fuscous. 
Collected on the surface of standing water. The species can be easily 
recognized by the row of stiff hairs on each side of the spring. 
Smynthurus floridanus, n. sp. 
Black, sides lighter, hairy. Head black, with lighter lines, mouth 
olive. Antenne long, slender, as long as the body, basal joint black, 
remainder olive. ‘Thorax and abdomen with a triangular black spot, the 
base of the triangle at the apex of the thorax and its apex at the apex of 
the abdomen. Sides of the abdomen olive mottled with light brown. 
Underneath olive. Anal papillee with its front and upper part black, the 
remainder olive mottled with brown. At the median two-thirds of the 
back, a stout porrect spine ; spine as broad at base and higher than anal 
papill ; concolorous with the black triangle, except a small olive spot on 
each side. Legs slender, pale olive-; inner claw two-thirds the length of 

128 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
outer, stout and blunt. Spring short, slender ; third joint elongate with 
an apical and two smaller inner teeth. 
Length, 1.5 mm. (.058 inch). 
Habitat: Florida. 
Iam indebted to Mr. Nathan Banks for this unique specimen and 
species. Easily recognized by the abdominal spine, the stout inner claw, 
and the black dorsal triangle. 
The only characters offered by Lubbock, in his Coliembola and 
Thysanura, for separating Smynthurus and Papirius, is the form of the 
antenne and the presence or absence of trachew. In my studies of these 
interesting insects I have found two other characters valuable in separating 
these genera. These differences may be stated as follows :— 
Terminal segment of the antennee long, ringed ; larger claw uninden- 
tate ; apical segment of the spring simple........... Swmynthurus. 
Terminal segment of the antennex short, with a whorl of hairs ; larger 
claw bidentate ; apical segment of the spring serrate on the 
UNG Er Se: levee creer duchwoenes svapstes seme poke cre mere deem tmanry terete 
Anoura magna, N. sp. 
Body short, broad, one-haif as broad as long, finely granulated. Each 
segment with four dorsal and two lateral globular tubercles, except the 
last, which is deeply divided, having at its apex two immense globular 
tubercles. On the anterior part of the anterior margin of each segment 
another smaller tubercle. From each tubercle there arise from four to 
eight short, stiff, yellow bristles. On the dorsal part of the head the 
number of tubercles is the same, but the two median tuberc'es are placed 
on the caudal portion of a large quadrangular tubercle, which reaches 
from between the bases of the antenne to the caudal part of the head. 
The ground colour is a light steel blue, with lighter spots between the 
darker tubercles. Antennze very short, not reaching the lateral margin 
of the body by at least a quarter of its width, segments subequal, indis- 
tinctly marked. Eyes at the side of the base of the quadrangular 
tubercle, postantennal organs wanting. Buccal orifice blunt, short and 
white. Legs short, with a single strong claw. 
Length, 5 mm. (.20 inch). 
Habitat: Salineville, Ohio. 
This species can be recognized by its size, colour, and the globular 
tubercles; from gvgantea Tullb., its nearest ally, from Siberia, by the 
absence of the postantennal organ. 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 129 
NOMOPHILA NOCLUELLA; SCHIFF. 
ORDER LEPIDOPTERA. FAMILY PYRALIDINA. 
BY E. P. FELT, CORNELL UNIVERSITY, ITHACA, N. Y. 
This is one of the most common insects that flies throughout the 
summer months. It is also widely distributed; adults have been taken 
in widely separated parts of Europe, in Algeria, Caffraria, Bengal, Pondi- 
cherry, Brazil, and in the eastern and western parts of the United States. 
Packard writes of the species thus :--‘‘Such cosmopolitan forms give 
rise to the suspicion that they are relics of a past geologic age, which is 
borne out by the fact that quite a gap separates it from its nearest allies.” 
In spite of its wide distribution, this insect seems to be one of these com- 
mon species that has escaped observation, very little having been pub- 
lished on its life history. 
On the 15th of last September the writer found among the grass and 
clover in a pasture several pale greenish larve (Fig. 2, b) with black heads 
and numerous black tubercles. Upon being disturbed they quickly dis- 
appear, with a peculiar wriggling, jerking motion, under the grass; they 
seem to move with equal facility either backward or forward. When not 
feeding the larve can be found under a slight web in tne centre of a clump 
of grass, Later observations show that the larvee live almost wholly upon 
clover leaves, eating out the soft parenchyma and leaving the veins ; they 
will eat grass if clover is not within reach, and one larva was observed to 
seize an Aphid and devour it, though there was plenty of food within 
reach. J. H. Leach in his “ British Pyralids” gives Polygonum aviculare 
(knot grass) as the food-plant in Scotland. As the larve become full 
grown they may be seen wandering around and slowly assembling under 
chips, stones, etc., where they pupate; when in pastures, dried cow dung 
seems to be the favourite resort. On the 21st of September both larvee 
and pup were abundant in these retreats ; ten pups (Fig. 1, c, d) were 
taken. from a piece of cow dung one-fourth the size of a man’s hand. 
Before pupating the larve spin around them a thin, white, loose cocoon. 
After remaining in the pupa state about ten days the insects emerge. 
The adults (Fig. 1, e) are of a sombre brown and a tawny yellow colour, 
with black markings. They have a peculiar jerky flight, and when dis- 
turbed they fly up suddenly about four feet, and usually alight within two 
rods of where they started. When at rest (Fig. 2, f) they are usually 
on a leaf with the wings folded flit over the back and the antennz extend- 

130 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 
ing forwards. Within a few days after emerging the adults pair and ovipo- 
sition begins. The eggs (Fig. 2, a) are not all laid at once, but are 
deposited in clusters of from three to ten or more, usually being laid side 
by side ina row. The period of oviposition probably extends over two 
weeks or more, as the adults can live seven weeks, though most of them 
die within a month. One female was dissected; she contained over eighty 
eggs, which is probably about the average. When first laid the egg-shell 
is quite soft and readily flattens upon contact with other eggs, or the leaf 
upon which it is laid, so that it is usually flattened upon several sides to a 
greater or less degree. At first the egg is a pearly white, but it gradually 
turns to a slate colour. 
FiGs x: 
Nomophila noctuella: 6, larva; c, pupa (dorsal aspect); @, pupa (ventral aspect); e¢, adult ; adult 
pur : tral aspect); e, ; 
(at rest). (All these figures are twice the natural size.) 
The eggs hatch in about ten days, and the larva begins to feed upon 
the soft parenchyma of the leaf. The young larva has a brownish head 
and a straw coloured body, the tubercles are very small and the hairs 
longer proportionally than in the full grown larva. About a week after 

~ 
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 131 
hatching the larva moults; the skin ruptures between the head and the cervi- 
cal shield and also splits a little ways along the back, and through this 
opening the larva crawls out of its old skin. Just after moulting the 
head and tubercles are a pale straw colour, later they become darker, and 
in the last stages of the larva they are almost black. The observed 
differences between the stages are a gradual increase in the size and depth 
of colouring of the tubercles, and a decrease in the relative length of the 
hairs. Before reaching its full growth the larva probably moults five 
times. In the fall, as the cold weather advances, the larvae begin to spin 
‘nests in the axils of the leaves, where they retire when not feeding and in 
which grass is allowed to collect and around which the remains of partially 
devoured leaves are drawn, making a very complete hiding place. Later 
the nests in the axils of the leaves are deserted and similar nests are con- 
structed upon the surface of the soil. These nests are lined with a thick 
layer of silk and are covered with a thick coating of particles of soil or 
bits of dried grass, making a thick, warm nest in which the larve pass 
the winter. 
There seem to be three broods a year. In September of 1892 the 
simultaneous pupation of a large number of larvee was very noticeable. 
The pupa state lasted about ten days, the adults emerged, eggs were laid 
and the larvee moulted three or four times before cold weather forced them 
to retire for the winter. These hibernating larve come forth in the 
spring, complete their growth, pupate and the adults probably emerge in 
the first half of May. The second brood flies in the latter part of June, 
and the third brood, as already observed, flies the latter part of Septem- 
ber. If the adult stage lasts four weeks or more, it would not be strange 
if the broods overlapped a little, especially the second and _ third | 
broods, and this is borne out by a reliable record. During the year of 1889 
the Entomological Department of the Agricultural Experiment Station, 
at Ithaca, N.Y., ran six trap lanterns from May 1 to October 20. 
Nomophila noctuella was picked out, the sexes determined and the 
results tabulated. 
TIME OF FLIGHT OF NOMOPHILA NOCTUELLA, 1839. 
MAY. ie Rnaa oe JULY. 7 | 
Date. | 5|6|7|8|11 19 20 | 13 | isi lee I gl edb Sl a a 
eee me xa ml fae 
$ lalelela allele r}r|1 atjait/2ia/efa) 1) 3/3 Ziel 40 
lr | roa | | Bees Re ee ira cre be lelz! Il 4 

Los THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
AUGUST. SEPTEMBER. 
Date. | 1['2).3 £ 5| eee ee 5|26\29 4 6|8 18/19 21/25 29 30) |\Totals. 
S 23 °°E13').4. 1.0 2{3{1t{rjolalrj2)s]a) 2\r{rlolrjolrl1 1|| 36 
nd | FE 4 2i1) | 2 | | | lalaig | I|| 17 
This table shows that the adults fly in greater or less numbers from 
May to the last of September. From May z2oth to June 3rd none were 
taken, which pretty sharply defines the first brood. And, as might be ex- 
pected, the second and third broods are separated by no such distinct 
line, and yet there is an indication of two later broods, though the 
table would seem to indicate that those taken in September might be the 
last of the second brood and not individuals of a third brood, which is 
contrary to observed facts. For during the last year a trap lantern was 
run with practically the same results as were obtained in 1889, but a third 
brocd was observed to emerge in large numbers after September 2oth. 
Probably the cool evenings prevented many moths from flying at night, 
and consequently from being taken in the trap lanterns. 
Preventive Methods.—The above table shows that four-fifths of moths 
taken are males. If we assume that there are enough males left to fer- 
tilize the females, which is quite probable, the trap lanterns are almost 
useless as a means to check the increase of this insect, because the 
females escape, oviposit, and thus provide for the propagation of the 
species. As the larve and the adults incline to remain near one place, it 
is possible to materially reduce their numbers on limited areas. In large 
fields where plowing is not objectionable; many might be destroyed by 
thorough plowing in the latter part of November, after the larve have 
retired for the winter. Should this insect become very destructive in the 
summer, deep plowing in the middle of July, followed by harrowing, might 
destroy many pup. On lawns and other small areas advantage might be 
taken of the larva’s habit of retiring under chips, etc., to pupate. If 
chips, ete., be placed on the lawn and firmly pressed down in the middle 
of July or of September, and allowed to remain a week and then collected 
and burned, many pup will be destroyed. 
Technical Descriptions. 
Egg (Fig. 2, a), pearly white when first laid, changing to a glistening 
slate colour within a few days. Shell finely reticulated ; egg usually flat- 
tened upon several sides. Size,.6g mm. by .32 mm. 
Larva (first stage), head diameter, .25 mm. ; body, diameter, .15 mm. ; 

EPpr EPF. 
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 133 
length, 1.05 mm. Clypeus, labrum and thoracic shield a tawny olive 
colour ; head a seal brown; body a sordid straw colour. The tubercles 
proportionately smaller and the hairs longer than in the full grown larva. 
Larva (Fig. 1, b), (last stage) length, 2cm.; head, diameter, .32 mm. 
body, diameter, 3.7 mm. Head and thoracic shield black ; scattering 
hairs occur on the head. Dorsal surface of body pale green with black 
tubercles. There are four tubercles on each side of the third and fourth 
segments, three in a row extending ventro cephalad and the fourth caudad 
of the Jast one in the row. The dorsum of the remaining segments 1 
a 
Fic. 2. 
Nomophila noctuella: a, eggs, x 40; g, male genitalia (mesal aspect of right harpe and clasper), 
x 80; 4, venation of wings, female, x 4. 
divided by a slight transverse constriction into a cephalic and caudal 
part; the cephalic part of each segment bears three tubercles in a row, 
extending ventrad and forming with the tubercles of the third and fourth 

1354 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
segments a lateral, a super and a sub-stigmatal row of tubercles ; the cau- 
dal part of each segment bears one tubercle, which is in the lateral row. 
The tubercles in the lateral rows on the thirteenth segment coalesce 
mesally. One or more hairs grow from each tubercle. Ventral surface 
sordid white with brownish tubercles. On the ventral surface there is a 
lateral row of brownish lunate tubercles, and on those segments not bear- 
ing legs there are transverse rows of four tubercles, those laterad being the 
larger. ‘True legs brown with blackish tips. Five pairs of prolegs, occur- 
ring upon the seventh to the tenth and thirteenth segments inclusive. 
Prolegs short with brownish tips. 
Pupa (Fig. 1, c, d), length 13 mm.; 3 mm. across the thorax. General 
colour light brown, venter lighter. Eyes prominent and usually dark 
coloured. The cephalic part of the pupal case is divided by sutures. 
Several of these unite at the base of the wing covers, where the chitine is 
thickened, darker coloured and pushed out into minute ear-like processes, 
which appear like dark spots. On the dorsum of the abdominal seg- 
ments there are three dark stripes, extending from the thorax to the tip 
of the abdomen; one on the meson and the others, one on each side, 
just mesad of the spiracles. Abdominal sutures darker, darkest on the 
dorsum. Spiracles dark brown. 
Adult. (Pig, 1634). \ 
Male Genitalia. 
Harpe (Fig. 2, g), membraneous ; size 1.55 mm. by .81 mm. ; mesal 
surface concave. 
Clasper (Fig. 2, g), chitinous ; fulvo-ferruginous ; sickel-shaped. 
Venation of wings (Fig. 2, h). Frenulum of ¢ a single spine, of ? 
two spines. 
Bibliography :—1776, Schiffermiller, S. V. (Orig. Des.) Syst. Verz. 
Schmet. der Widner. (Schiff. & Dennis), Wien, p. 136; 1776. Herrich- 
Schafer, Syst. Bearb. Schmet. von Europa, IV., p. 42 ; 1826, Duponchel, 
Pp. A. Hist. Nat. Lepid., VIII., 220-3 ; 1829, Treitschke, F. Schmet. von 
Europa, VII., 109 ; 1833, Wood, W., Index Ent., 1476 ; 1835, Treitschke, 
ibid, X., 23; 1854, Guenee, A. Delt. et Pyralites, 414, Paris; 1859, 
Heinemann, H. D., Schmet. Deut. und Schweig, 91 ; 1871, Staudinger- 
Wock, Cat., p. 212; 1872, Packard, A. S., Ann, Lyc. Nat. Hist., ING Yo sox, 
p. 258-260 ; 1874, Berg, C. (Aybridalis) Bol. Acad. nac. Ciencias Uni., 
Cordova ; 1876, Snellen, P. C. T., Nat. Tijd. Neder., India ; 1886, Leech, 
J. H, Brit. Pyralids, p. 21. Larva described and adult figured, PI. Vile 
Fig. 2.) 

= 
— 
~ 
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, T35 
PUREE RON S THE DIPTERAr CONSIDERED ‘AS’ THE 
HIGHEST INSECTS. 
BY C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND, LAS .CRUCES, NEW MEXICO. 
In my article in CaNapDIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 1893, pp. 7-8, as also in my 
previous note in Scéence, Vol. XIX:, 5882, p. 320, I stated that Hyatt and 
Arms were the first to point out that the Diptera were the most highly 
specialized insects, and consequently to be considered the highest in 
rank. It should be noted, however, that the same idea was advanced at 
the same time by the renowned insect anatomist, Mr. B. T. Lowne, well 
known for his work on the anatomy, etc., of the blow-fly. In part I. of 
this work, Oct., 1890, p. 25, Lowne says :—‘“‘ The blow-flies belong to the 
family éZuscide, one of the most highly specialized groups of the Diptera, 
the most highly specialized order of the class Insecta.” 
On pp. 26-7, he further says:—‘‘ Just as all discussion would be 
futile as to whether a bird or a mammal is the higher type, so it is useless 
to consider whether the Diptera or the Hymenoptera have the higher 
organization ; but there can be no question as to which of these orders 
departs most from the more generalized form. The Diptera are far more 
remarkable in their developmental history, and in the modification of 
structure which they present in the adult or imago form. In this 
relation the strong tendency of many to produce their young alive, and 
the fact that some have a capacious matrix, or uterus, in which the larve 
are hatched, or even attain the pupa form, before birth, is not without 
interest, presenting as it does some analogy with the viviparous character 
of the mammalia amongst vertebrates—whilst the nest-building instincts 
are more manifest in Hymenoptera and in birds. [This is an important 
analogy, and well pointed out.—C. H. T. T.] It is true that the flies, 
and more especially the heavy forms, with a comparatively tardy flight, 
like the blow-fly, have been regarded as * stupid ’—Sprengel called them 
‘die dummen Fliegen ’—and do not excite our sympathy and curiosity to 
the same extent as the social Hymenoptera ; but it is impossible to judge 
of the intellectual functions of an insect. ‘The manner in which the blow. 
flies and their near allies, the house-flies, have made themselves at home 

136 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
with man, speaks for their power of adapting themselves to new and 
varied conditions. They are cunning, wary, and easily alarmed, and, 
except when benumbed with cold or heavy with eggs, know well how to 
avoid danger. They appear to me far more clever in this respect than 
the bees and wasps.” 
My article in the Can. Env. was written before I saw the above 
quoted passages in Lowne’s work. In his first edition of the anatomy of 
the blow-fly (1870), Lowne does not advance any ideas with regard to 
the systematic position of the Diptera. 
The real credit for the original discovery and correct interpretation of 
the extreme specialization of the Diptera belongs to Weismann, who pub- 
lished a paper upon the development of the Muscidze,* in 1864. Later, 
in 1876, Ganin sustained in the main the investigations of Weismann. 
Lowne first presented these views in English, at least in the Old Country, 
while Hyatt and Arms were the first to call attention to them in America. 
The consensus of facts bears out the statement that the Diptera are 
the most highly specialized, and therefore the most highly organized order 
of insects. While they possess ancient as well as recent forms, they have, 
in the muscid families, reached a higher plane of development than any 
group in any other order. It is by no means contended that the Nemo- 
cerous Diptera are as highly organized as some groups in other orders, 
since they comprise the most ancient living forms of Diptera. 
The Diptera probably find their culmination in the Tachinide, and of 
this family doubtless the Phasiidze stand first. Z7échopoda, Phasia, and 
Hyalomyia may therefore be considered as probably representing the 
highest forms of insect life. 
ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA. 
The next annual meeting of the Royal Society of Canada will be held 
in the City of Ottawa, on the 23rd, 24th and 25th of May. The Society 
will be represented by Mr. Hague Harrington, our Vice-President. We 
notice by the programme that Mr. Harrington is to read a paper on 
Canadian Uroceridx, a subject to which he has given much attention. 
*Die nachembryonale Entwicklung der Musciden nach Beobachtungen an A/usca 
vometoria und Sarcophaga carnaria, Zeit, f. Wiss. Zool, XIV., 187 (1864). 
Mailed May 18th. 

he wanadiay Hntomologist 
' 
VOLT XY. 
LONDON, JUNE, 1893. No. 6. 
NOTES ON CHIONOBAS SUBHYALINA, CURTIS. 
BY WM, H. EDWARDS, COALBURGH, WEST VA. 
This species has long been lost sight of. It was described nearly sixty 
years ago from a single male ‘“‘in good condition”. I never have heard 
of its forming part of any collection excpet that of the British Museum, 
and my own, and my specimens—a male and a female—were sent me 
from the Museum more than twenty years ago. In his Catalogue of the 
Satyridz, 1868, Mr. Butler says of this species: ‘‘ We do not possess the 
type, but our specimens agree exactly with Mr. Curtis’s description.” Of 
my two specimens, the female was broken and the wings rubbed so that 
they were worthless for characterization, but the male is in fair condition, 
It does not agree with the description in some points. ‘Thus, there are 
not ‘ two indistinct white dots towards the apex with black ocelli”; and 
the surface of the under forewing cannot be called “ mottled with ochre 
and pale black, lightest at apex”, but the scales are abraded where the 
mottling should be. ‘The description goes on: “inferior wings spotted 
and mottled with black and dirty white, forming a waved and curved pale 
line beyond the middle, with three or four whitish dots beyond it.” My 
male has a slight and pale mesial band “waved” (or crenated) ‘‘and 
curved”; and if the dots beyond it may mean dots on the hind margin, 
the description will answer. The wings are described as semi-transparent, 
and this male is so to an unusual degree. : 
I have had for three years a single male taken by Mr. Bean at 
Laggan, which in some points agreed with the description of Swdhyadina, 
but failed in others. There were no apical dots, no mesial band, and no 
whitish dots. Instead of the band there is a discoloration in patches, 
especially on the two margins, where the band would be. ‘Therefore, I 
have been uncertain as to the position of this individual. But I have 
recently received two males from Mr. Fletcher, and six males and one 
female from Mr. Neumoegen, all taken by Mr. Bean at Laggan, kindly 
loaned me for examination, and this new material makes it certain that 

138 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 
the species is SwbAyaldina. All these examples are remarkably transpar- 
ent, and on the disk. of forewings beneath there is almost a total absence 
of dark or mottled scales. But, at the apices there is decided mottling, 
the light colour prevailing. Some, however, have fine brown scales in the 
upper interspaces as well as over the cell. One male has two light sub- 
apical dots on upper side, though without black centres, the others show 
no trace of these. On the under side of the hind wing all these examples 
agree with the description, and are spotted and mottled with black and 
dirty white. In respect to the band there is extreme variation, some 
being quite unbanded, though in these the disk is more or less clouded 
darker ; others have a pale band. One male and the female show an 
indistinct outer edge of the band, which answers to the description, ‘‘a 
waved and curved pale line”; and two males present the band clearly 
defined on the posterior side, and nearly so on the basal ; but the band is, 
after all, scarcely more than a shadow, nothing so distinct as is usual in 
the allied specles. As to whitish dots on the margins, three males and 
one female have them, the rest do not. 
Mr. Butler gives “ Arctic America” as the locality of this species, but 
I know of no other than Laggan. 
I shall give a plate in Butt. N. A. to Subhyalina presently. 
‘ 
ADDENDUM. 
After I had sent the foregoing lines to the editor I received two more 
females of the species treated of, from Dr. Skinner, from Laggan like the 
rest. One of these in no way seems to differ from the female before 
described ; but the other varies in that half way between the outer edge of 
the band and the margin, on four interspaces, in the middle of each—the 
lower subcostal to second median, is a small whitish spot, clearly defined 
on the two lower interspaces, diffused on the others. This character 
agrees completely with the description by Curtis as to “three or four 
whitish dots beyond” the middle of the wing. I find therefore in one or 
other of the twelve examples viewed, every one of Curtis’s characters 
except black points in the apica! spots. But in only one of the twelve is 
there any appearance of apical dots on upper surface and in only 
one whitish dots beyond the band. ‘The same female’ which 
offers the dots beyond the middle differs from the other eleven, in 
having a row of whitish dots on the corresponding interspaces of the 
forewing, two fifths the distance from the margin to apex of the cell, in 
a straight line, not parallel therefore to the margin. All three of these 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 139 
females have the band undefined, cloudy. I see that occasionally in a 
dark Semidea, white spots are present in similar position on the under 
hind wing to that of this last-mentioned female Subhyadina. 
FIELD. NOTES FROM TEXAS AND LOUISIANA. 
BY H. F. WICKHAM, IOWA CITY, IOWA. 
In the summer of 1892 I spent a month on the line of the Southern 
Pacific R. R., between Morgan City, Louisiana, and San Antonio, Texas. 
While the collecting was by no means of the best, a few notes may in- 
terest the readers of the CaNaDIAN ENTOMOLOGIST and give some idea of 
insect life in the Southern States during the hot months. 
Morgan City lies to the west of New Orleans on the Atchafalaya 
River, in a country so flat that, as the natives say, ‘“ Water will only run 
as far as you dig a ditch for it.” The neighbourhood is covered in great 
part by heavy woods, with a rank underbrush of poison oak, trumpet 
creeper and palmetto, the ground beneath all being, at the time of my 
visit, soaked with rains and dotted with innumerable pools of water in 
which mosquitoes were freely breeding. Along the edge of the woods I 
had to do the most of the collecting, as I found it quite an impossibility 
to brave the attacks of the mosquitoes and Tabanide in the depth of the 
forest. 
The palmetto proved to be the plant best worth hunting over, and 
when J arrived on the twenty-second of June it was in bloom, or just 
going out in some cases. Where the flowers were fresn and sweet there 
were numbers of Luphoria sepulchralis and Zrichius delta, the latter the 
less numerous and very hard to capture in the bright sunshine, though 
when cloudy weather prevailed they were much more sluggish. Chaudio- 
guathus marginatus occurred on the flowers in numbers, but it was not 
considered worth while to take many of them, as it appears to be com- 
mon from Pennsylvania south, though I never take itin Iowa. Paria 
canella occurred once in a while, and a single specimen of Phyton padii- 
dum was also shaken into my umbrella. When the flowers had fallen off, 
disclosing the newly-formed fruit, I found a very nice Curculionid beetle, 
Pachybaris porosus, which was known previously from Florida. It 
seemed not to occur on the plants except where the flowers had com- 
menced to drop off, and quite likely oviposits on the newly-formed fruit. 
Wherever an open patch allowed a chance for growth of wild sunflowers, 
there were a good many beetles of other kinds—Jecas inornata, Systena, 

140 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
sp., and a Baris, which seems to be new. A Solanum yielded a few 
specimens of an Anthonomus and a very small specimen of Zrichobaris 
trinotata, a species which has proved in places a very serious pest to the 
potato. By scratching away dead leaves in a thicket a few Lachnosterna 
ephelida were secured, and a few also of Anisodactylus maculicornis. A 
rotten log, on being broken, disclosed an example of Chlenius fuscicornis ; 
another contained several specimens of PassaZus cornutus, with its larva. 
An ant’s nest held, besides the legitimate inhabitants, a number of the 
curious little Zémulodes paradoxus, which I have found with ants from 
Iowa to Arizona. Dry fungus was full of Axnearthron, and in it I found 
also a specimen of Luplectus linearis. 
At night, around the light, I added still a few species to my collecting 
botties—//ippodamia parenthesis, Ataenius figurator, Cyclocephala tmma- 
culata and Lachnosterna ephelida, but insects were not by any means as 
common as I had expected them to be, so on the twenty-sixth I left for 
Houston, ‘Texas. 
The next afternoon, arrived at Houston, I found inside of the city 
limits great numbers of a beautiful weevil, Ludiagogus pulcher, which has 
a curious habit in lieu of dropping off the food-plant, as is usual with 
most Rhynchophora when disturbed. It feeds on the leaves of the coffee- 
weed, and usually remains on the upper surface of the leaf while eating 
in plain sight. If disturbed, it whirls quickly around to the under surface 
of the leaf, and either remains clinging there or runs rapidly down the 
stem of the plant towards the ground, keeping to the under side, so as to 
be invisible from above. With it I found associated Anomea laticlavia 
and Weoelytus erythrocephalus. 
Along the sides of the track, where the vegetation was rank, I got a 
few beautiful specimens of Qedionychis and a few of Paria viridicyanea. 
Under a stone occurred several Psammodius nanus in burrows which they 
had made just at the surface of the ground, much as some Scolytide bore 
in bark. A stump covered with fungi was next investigated and proved 
quite a rich find, yielding P/atydema of two or three species, Hoplocephala 
bicornis, Tritoma erythrocephala, T. angulata and T. atriventris, besides 
several examples of the pretty little Hormécomus scitulus, which seemed 
not to live on the fungi, but on the ground near them. 
The woods themselves yielded beetles of a different sort. Beating 
branches of lately cut pine trees was productive ofa number of Drasterius 
amabalis, a few Silvanus rectys,and a few other things, A little JZono- 

ee 
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 141 
hammus of the form called minor was taken, also a Luprestis and a 
Chalcophora. Where a live oak was being cut up I found Czrysobothris 
femorata var. Alabame and Neoclytus scutellaris running over the 
branches, but they were wild and difficult of capture. A large fungus was 
found to be often infested by Focadius helvolus and a smaller one by 
Pallodes silaceus. Of these latter, when the fungus was small only one or 
two specimens were found in it, but larger fungi yielded more beetles. 
Five or six specimens of Octotoma plicatula were taken on leaves, and 
looked very little like living things when at rest. ; 
Washing the banks of a stream brought very little to light, except a 
few specimens of Zachys and a very small /eterocerus ; water-beetles 
were almost entirely absent. One incident of interest was noticed here, 
however, when a little Zeft/x (I use the generic name in the old, wide 
sense) was disturbed and jumped into the water, alighting on a stick that 
was completely submerged to the depth of about an inch, and rested there 
until I captured it. This brings to mind a note of Mr. Roberts in 
“Entomologica Americana,” where he states that he found Stews on masses 
of frogs’ eggs which were completely submerged. 
Collecting on weeds along the edges of woods and in open patches 
disclosed a number of Conotrachelus leucopheatus in the heads of a 
plant with milky sap, and with them occurred large numbers of Aphthona 
texana, a little jumping beetie of rather slow movements. I took all of 
them with my fingers without great trouble.  /Zenous confertus runs 
around in grassy places during the morning and evening, having 
apparently the same habits in this respect as many of its wingless 
relations. 
A day was spent in making a side-trip to Galveston to get in sea-shore 
collecting. ‘The beach was alive with Cvcindela saulcyi, but the only 
other Coleoptera there were Phaderia sp., and an Oedemetrid, probably 
an Asclera. Farther back, out of reach of the tides and salt spray, I got 
a great number of Ha/tica punctipennis which was swarming on some low 
weeds. 
Columbus was reached on the morning of July fifth, and work 
commenced at once. Though only a few hours ride from Houston, it is 
in quite a different looking piece of country. ‘The valley of the Colorado 
here is wooded with deciduous trees, the pine having disappeared, and 
the better drainage is apparent from the nature of the soil. This spot 
was made historic in the annals of Entomology by the labours of Mr. 

142 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
Schwarz, and the papers of Drs. Leconte and Horn of a few years back are 
full of allusions to species collected there by him. I hoped to find it an 
interesting field, and was not disappointed. 
Most of the work was done along the river bottom, where the cotton- 
wood timber was usually sufficiently free from underbrush to admit of 
freedom of movement and of sight. The felled trees, when the bark was 
peeled off, furnished Zoxidium compressum, Litargus balteatus, Epierus 
regularis and Bacanius punctiformis. Beneath the old trunks were found 
Blapstinus fortis and arenarius. The cow-droppings were productive of 
Copris carolina, Phaneus triangularis, Onthophagus pennsylvanicus, 
Aphodius tenuistriatus and stercorosus and Cercyon variegatum. The 
banks of the river were covered with Cre‘ndela rectilatera and C. sperata; 
Tetragonoderus fasciatus and T. latipennis, the iatter abundant, were to 
be obtained in more circumscribed spots with a species of Stenus near 
stygicus. The weeds on the bars, on being pulled up, were found to 
shelter around their roots a colony of Agonoderus comma, Anthicus 
difficilis, A. nanus, Metachroma interrupta and Ayochrous denticollis. 
This AZyochrous was also often found feeding on willows. 
On leaving the immediate vicinity of the river and working along the 
roads, Languria /eta is found commonly with Acylomus calcaratus and 
Conotrachelus leucopheatus. Arriving at a point where a little creek 
crossed the road, I ascended it, and where a tree had been felled across it 
some years ago and was consequently in a rather advanced stage of decay, 
settled down for an hour or two of solid work. By peeling off the bark 
carefully I was able to get everything worth taking, as whatever was nim- 
ble enough to escape my bottle at first, fell into the water and was easily 
secured, The results were two AZal/odon dasystomus, several Eupsalis 
minuta, Platydema ruficorne, flavipes, levipes, Eustrophus bicoloy, and 
several other things. Leaving this spot and going on to a freshly cut 
mesquit, I got under the loose bark four or five specimens of Conotrachelus 
anaglypticus, a few Carpophilus semitectus. and some Laemophlaus 
chemeropis. Under damp logs I found the specimens of larve, pupz 
and imagines of £A/pocus described in another paper. 
After a week’s stay at Columbus I moved on to Harwood, which is at 
a considerably higher altitude—here the cottonwoods were gone and re- 
placed by mesquit and oak, much of it ‘‘scrub.” The collecting was not 
nearly so good and of a different character, Z/eodes tricostata being one of 
the most prominent beetles. ‘Two or three Pasémachus were found under 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 143 
logs, also a pair of Roma/eum atomarium and a large Mallodon serrulatus. 
Acmeodera pulchella var. mixta and Bruchus amicus occurred on flowers. 
The leguminose trees and shrubs yielded, by beating, Cxyptocephalus de- 
fectus, Epicauta nigritarsis and Coleocerus marmoratus, while under the 
bark and in the wood of dead trunks and branches I took a number of 
Phileonemus catenulatus and Trogoxylon, sp , besides a fine Amphicerus. 
The dead wood was full of cerambycid larve. 
The next stop was made at Luling, in the San Marcos Valley, a spot 
which pleased me more than any other in Texas. The river bottom is 
heavily wooded in places, and the holes and cracks in the great trees 
were the hiding places of beetles of large size and great beauty. ‘The fine 
ZLopherus haldemanni was taken here in some numbers, sometimes resting 
on the surface of logs which were lying on the ground, or, just as often, 
climbing on the trunks of trees seven or eight feet up. Besides these I 
got a large Mallodon, two Alaus lusciosus and a number of Strategus 
julianus, the last nearly all dead but in perfect order—sometimes not yet 
stiffened. They occurred in holes where trees had been torn up by the 
roots, or often simply lying on the ground without cover or protection of 
any sort. Photuris pennsylvanica was found very commonly in one spot, 
clinging to the trunks of trees close to the ground, while three or four 
Chlenius orbus were taken beneath logs in damp places. A pair of 
Canthon cyanellus were detected in the act of inspecting a dead clam on 
the river bank and were promptly ‘run in.” 
The weeds along the roads were full of a species of Chrysomeda, for 
which I can get no name. The great composite by the edges of the 
cotton-fields furnished numerous Lexus /aesicollis, Smicronyx obtectus, 
Pachytychius amoenus, and some other weevils. 
San Antonio did not prove to be in as good a locality for beetles, and 
only in a few favoured spots could anything be found. Beating along the 
track of one of the lines of railroad proved more productive tnan anything 
else, and in this way I obtained a number of Cryptocephalus defectus, 
Coccinella abdominalis, Epicauta nigritarsis, and a little Galerucid not 
yet described. The ban‘s of the river, close to the source, yielded Zga 
sallei, Oodes sp., Ochthebius foveicollis, and Limnichus lutrochinus, with 
several other things ; but the great haul of the season was a lot of several 
dozen assorted ticks, which I collected on my own person after sitting on 
a stone in the woods for a few moments to eat my lunch. 

| 44 THE CANADIAN ENTCMOLOGIST. 
A NEW GASTROPACHA. 
BY J J. RIVERS, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY, CAL. 
Phyllodesma Dyari, n. sp.—General appearance of the palest sienna 
or yellowish-ochre. ‘Thorax and patagia thickly clothed with short hair 
of a uniform pale tone, the abdominal covering similar, but longer and 
finer, which gives to it a slightly silky appearance. 
¢@. Anterior wings with the anal angle deeply emarginate ; three 
lines of dusky spots cross the disc ending near the costa, these being 
lines rather than bands. ‘There are in some examples two dusky spots, 
one more conspicuous than the other, in the discal space. From the 
hind margin up to the middle line of spots, and extending to the apex of 
the wing, the area is of a rosy or peach-brown ; the remainder of the wing 
being paler and colder in tone, in fact ochry-yellowish. 
Posterior wings with the usual deep emargination on the costa. From 
just above the anal angle, a pale and rather wide band runs across 
towards the outer margin ; this pale band widens on the inner margin 
when in contact with the abdomen, and this part of the wing is clothed 
with the same long filament-like hairs as the abdomen. 
Fringes of all the wings rusty and white in separate rows of scales, 
the basal row being rusty and running out and covering the points of the 
nervules, while the white scales are seen only in the hollows of the 
crenations. 
Beneath, pale rosy-brown, a darker central band traverses all the 
wings, beginning near the costal edge of the forewings, and finishing 
short of the anal angle cf the hind wings.. There appears on some speci- 
mens only, a short second band, when the ground colour between them is 
whitish. In the central area bordering the emargination of the hind 
wings is a wide patch of rusty brown. 
Q@. General appearance much paler than in the other sex, being very 
pale creamy or ochry-yellow. Margins of all the wings crenate ; 
strongest on the hind margin of the posterior wings and decreasing in 
boldness towards the apex of the anterior wings. There are faint lines 
of spots on the disc of the forewings, suggestive of bands, and on the 
hind wings the only variation of the same pale expression of the whole 
insect is a broad, well-deaned band of a lighter colour, that crosses the 
wing from above the anal angle. 
Beneath uniformly pale ochry-brown, with a large attendant patch, 
conspicuously darker, in the immediate region of the emargination of the 
hinder wings. 
Expanse of wings, 6, 1.55-1.80 inches; ?, 2.25 inches. 
Habitat: El Paso, Texas. 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 145 
THE BUTTERFLIES OF LAGGAN, N: W. T.; ACCOUNT OF 
CERTAIN SPECIES INHABITING THE ROCKY 
MOUNTAINS. IN LATITUDE 51° 25’. 
PY THOMAS E. BEAN, LAGGAN, ALBERTA. 
(Continued from page 132, Vol. 22.) 
ELEVATIONS IN VICINITY OF LaGGAN.—Altitudes near Laggan have 
in some cases been very incorrectly stated. In ‘‘ Appleton’s Canadian 
Guide-Book ; Western Canada,” published 1892, the altitude of Louise 
Lake (Emerald Lake of the Geological Survey) is given as one thousand 
feet above Laggan, and the elevation of Agnes Lake is stated at three 
thousand five hundred feet above Laggan. Such statistics are worse 
than useless. 
The elevation of the Canadian Pacific Railway at Laggan, by latest 
profiles. is five thousand and eight feet. Emerald Lake is five hundred 
to six hundred feet higher—its elevation can hardly exceed five thousand 
six hundred feet. Agnes Lake is about two hundred feet below the 
normal timber-line, so that its altitude is not far from six thousand eight 
hundred feet; itis eighteen hundred feet above Laggan, and pretty ac 
curately twelve hundred feet higher than Emerald Lake. 
According to the Geological Survey Reports, timber-line on the 
mountains around Laggan occurs at about seven thousand feet. This 
elevation compares with an altitude in Colorado of something over eleven 
thousand feet. Gannett’s ‘‘ Dictionary of Altitudes” gives U. S. Survey 
estimates of 31 timber-lines in Colorado, of which 29 are above eleven 
thousand feei. 
CARTEROCEPHALUS PALEMON, Pallas. 
Paniscus, Fabricius. 
Mandan, Edw. 
Material of Mandan examined :—1 4 from Nepigon (Mr. Fletcher) ; 
36 local gs, some imperfect, but nearly all bright and readable; 1 ¢,1 
? from Banff (Mr. H. K. Burrison); 12 local 92s, all being legible, and § 
of them bright and fine. Examples of Pademon compared :—4 ¢s, 2 9s 
from Germany ; 2 gs, 1 ? from Zurich, Switzerland; 2 ¢s from north- 
ern Finland. 
This examination was undertaken because from frequently repeated 
comparisons of the Bow Valley A/andan with Palemon the essential 
agreement of the two had become evident. Until this final study was 

146 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
made, I had thought J7andan of New England and eastern Canada might 
be distinct not only from /a/emon of Europe, but also from AZandan of 
the Bow Valley. ‘That idea I can no longer entertain. The amount of 
variation among my few instances of Pa/emon proves to be greater than 
T have hitherto considered it, and this fact lessons the probability that the 
name J/fandan covers two species. My reasoning is :—(1) The Euro- 
pean Palenon is so uniform in size and colour, and presents its 
variations in a manner so undemonstrative, that the true values of its 
variations are easily recognized, and it is readily seen that the several 
variational phases constitute but a single species. (2) J/andan, like 
many other of our lepidoptera, is strongly influenced by the meteoro- 
logical peculiarities of widely separated districts inhabited by it in North 
America, and in certain extreme conditions displays its variational 
capacity with a freedom, an exuberance, quite in contrast to the conserva- 
tive variation of species in Europe. (3) As I find the variation in 
Palemon essentially as important as the more emergent and erratic 
variation shown in certain environments by JZandan, and as Palemon in 
its various attitudes is inseparable from corresponding aspects of 
Mandan and helps to render evident the unity of JZandan’s extreme 
phases, I am therefore led to believe A/andan contains but one species, 
although it has been so well supplied with synonyms and its extremes of 
colour variation are so great. 
In the material at hand, together with the J/anudan literature acces- 
sible, I find no indication of more than one species, unless it be the 
difference in food-plants—The Nepigon and Bow Valley sections eating 
grasses, while Pa/emon of Europe is said to feed on Plantago major. 
This diversity does not greatly impress me, as the “ unexpected ” in that 
line often happens. After discovering (Aug. 5, 1889) that Codias nastes 
eats Willow, and having (in August, 1890) persuaded Grapta sephyrus 
to accept a diet of rose,I am prepared for almost any specialty in food- 
plants. JZe/itea anicia feeds on two species of plants, or more; so does 
Lycena aguilo. 
From the insects compared I have the following information. The 
Banff specimens agree with the Laggan series. The Nepigon ¢ is almost 
a copy of one Finland ¢—if smalier, the difference is very slight ; it 
differs above forewing in having the median yellow-brown spots shorter 
(partly obliterate); on under side the Finland example is more suffused 
with yellow and the spots under hind wing are less clear; in every 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 147 
essential character the two insects are alike. The Bow Valley material 
has been determined as AZandan. If it is Mandan, then a fortiori it is 
also Palemon, for it is closer to Palemon of Germany than to the 
Mandan of eastern North America Arranging the entire series accord- 
ing to affinity of variation, the Nepigon specimen goes to one extreme, 
next in order follow the two Finland Pa/emon, then two of the Palemon 
from Germany, and a number of the Bow Valley Mandan. Nearly all 
the remaining Bow Valley A/andan range still further away by an 
increasing size and boldness (conspicuousness) of the fulvous spots above 
primary, these spots being in some specimens so enlarged as to replace 
almost entirely the dark brown of general surface. The two Palwmon 
¢ s from Switzerland, two of the German Pa/demon and a small section 
of the Bow Valley /andan 2 s follow a line of variation somewhat 
diverse from what is seen in the major part of the series, but without 
special bearing on the main question, except as turther illustrating the 
fact that JZandan is more ready to break ranks than is consistent with 
due respect to ‘the authorities.” In one particular, all the North 
Americans examined are alike—the spots under hind wing are clear in 
colour and distinctly in contrast to the ground colour. Part of the 
Europeans agree with the North American specimens. in this, and the 
others have the spots suffused with dull yellow as in Carterocephalus 
stlvius. The description of JZandan in Fernald’s “‘ Butterflies of Maine,” 
indicates that the Maine A/andan is practically like that of Nepigon, and 
that the spots below hind wing are clear in colour; the description in 
general covers Pa/emon equally with Mandan. Mr.W. H. Edwards, in 
his description of Stereoptes skada, mentions that the spots below hind 
wing, except the outer rows, were of a yellowish tint. Mr. S. H. Scudder 
describes the spots beneath hind wing of Hesperia mesapano as “very large 
silvery white spots” ; in the Laggan specimens the colour is a pale buff, 
scarcely white in any. 
Mandan in the greater part of its range seems to be extremely rare. 
A few captures have been recorded, made in New England and at various 
localities in the Province of Quebec, with one or more in Alaska and 
Labrador. It appears to have been found in frequency only in two dis- 
tricts—the region between Hudson Bay and Lake Superior, and the Bow 
Valley. Mr. James Fletcher’s records for Nepigon are well known. Mr. 
J. Jenner Weir, in THE Enromo.ocist, writing of lepidoptera collected 
chiefly at Moose, on south coast of Hudson Bay, makes this record ;— 

148 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
“ [leteropterus mandan, Edw.— Much resembles V7. paniscus, Fab. ; 
common in 1883, but not observed before.” 
A specimen of J7andan was in 1872 determined by Mr. H. K. Mor- 
rison as Paniscus (Palemon). In an account of lepidoptera collected on 
Anticosti, Mr. William Couper writes :—‘‘ Hesperia paniscus, Fabr.—A 
single specimen captured at Fox Bay, Anticosti, on the 26th June. It 
was sent to Mr. Morrison, who informs me that it does not differ in the 
slightest from the European specimens of paniscus. It is close to JZan- 
dan, Edw.”—(Can, Ent., Nov., 1872.) At that time AZandan was ex- 
cessively rare in collections. 
Carterocephalus palemon of the Bow Valley is larger than the same 
species in Europe and eastern North America, and is more variable in 
size, ranging from expanse of the Finland and Switzerland instances to a 
size noticeably exceeding that of the German examples. It displays 
greater individual variation also as to size and colour of the fulvous spots 
above forewing. At Laggan it chiefly frequents grassy meadows along 
the Bow at an altitude of 4,800 to 5,000 feet, the ¢ in. ordinary seasons 
appearing early in June and the ? during last half of the month. Several] 
?s have been taken at Emerald Lake in early July, and 1 2 at Agnes 
Lake early in August. It occurs also at Stephen, B. C., six miles west 
of Laggan. 
This is one of those species which come from pupa earlier or later ac- 
cording to the forwardness or tardiness of the season ; it is by no means 
sO prompt to a date as are some of the local butterflies. There is no in- 
dication of more than one flight in a season. 
ADDITIONAL NOTE ON THE LARVA OF PALMON. 
After sending away the foregoing, a very interesting article was me, 
with in Zhe Entomologist (London, England), Oct. and Nov, 1892, 
which tends to confirm my views already stated :—“ Life History of 
Carterocephalus Palemon,by F. W. Frohawk, F E.S.” So far as I can judge- 
Mr. Frohawk’s account of the larva of Pa/emon agrees substantially with the 
description of the larva of Mandan published by Mr. James Fletcher in 
CANADIAN Entomotocist, June, 1889. My main object in the present 
reference is to mention that Pademon, as well as Aandan, eats grasses. 
Mr, Frohawk reared his larve with success on Bromus asper. 
My own incomplete notes of the local larva, from observations made 
in June, 1889, agree entirely with Mr. Frohawk’s account. An interesting 
fact in my experiment was that several of the eggs were laid by lamp 

— re ae eee ~_—— 
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 149 
light at eleven o’clock one night. The young larva emerges near apex of 
egg, and usually eats little, if any more of the shell than sufficient to 
allow of his exit. The larve fed on grass. 
I make no citations from Mr. Frohawk’s article. It should be read 
entire by all interested in the subject. 
ADDITIONS TO THE LIST OF CANADIAN LEPIDOPTERA. 
BY J. ALSTON MOFFAT, LONDON. ONT. 
During the years 1891 and 1892, I have received the following names 
new to the Canadian list. Some of the specimens have been in my 
possession for several years, as I hoped to secure others of the same kind, 
whereby I might obtain their names without inconveniencing anyone by a 
request for their return. But they remain uniques with me to the present 
time ; solitary witnesses to the fact that they are to be got, if looked for 
in the right place at the right time. 
The gentlemen to whose kindness I am indebted for the identification 
of my material are: Prof. J. B. Smith in the Bombycide and Noctuide, 
Rev. Dr. Hulst for the Geometride, and Prof. C. H. Fernald in the 
Micros. I have followed the sequence and nomenclature of Prof. Smith’s 
list of 1891. ; 
Scoleocampa liburna, Geyer. 
I captured this specimen at Ridgeway in July, 1885. And I see by 
the Buffalo list of 1891 it is therein reported as ‘‘ taken occasionally in 
Lancaster, at light,” by Mr. E. P. VanDuzee. I am not aware of its 
having being taken in Canada since. 
LE piglea decliva, Grote. 
A single specimen taken at Hamilton eight years ago, in the autumn, 
when looking for Scopelosomas and Lithophanes. 
Xylina tepida, Grote. 
A single specimen taken at London, September 29th, 1891. On one of 
my visits to Mr. Grote in Buffalo, whilst he was naming some Lithophanes 
for me, he called my attention especially -to this species as “one that 
ought to be found with us,” and yet this is the first intimation that I have 
received of its being taken in Canada. 
Litognatha litophora, Grote. 
Herminia petrealis, Grote. 
Lypena damnosalis, Walker, 

150 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
No doubt several more of the Deltoides might be added to our 
list, if they were closely looked after, but the unattractive appearance of 
many of them, and the difficulty in separating the forms, has a tendency 
to weaken the interest taken in them. 
Acidalia subalbaria, Pack. 
Eudetlinea herminiata, var. albata, Guen. 
Semiothisa preatomata, Harv. 
Tephrosta cognataria, Hub. 
araphia unipunctaria, Haw. 
Petrophora truncata, Hub, 
Philyctenia extricalis, Guen. 
Hlomophysa psychicalis, Hulst. Two specimens taken at London in 
1892. This handsome little species was described and named Soiis 
psythicalis by Dr. Hulst in 1886, from two females taken in Georgia 
and Texas. 
Hydrocampa stentalis, Guen. 
This delicate and highly ornamented species I had taken at Hamilton 
for several years, one or two in a season, although only obtaining the 
name of it last November. During the season of 1892 I came on a 
colony of it at London and secured six. It is variable in size and depth 
of colouring, but varies littie in the design of ornamentation, considering 
itis so elaborate. Dr. Hulst redescribed a specimen from Florida, under the 
name of 7/7. austra/is. Hegives the expanse of wingsas16mm,_ I have 
one thatis 15 mm., but I also have one that is only ro. Dr. Hulst gives the 
colours as fuscous and light ochreous. One of my specimens is of a 
deep leaden hue, with the light portions greatly reduced in size. 
Schenobius melinellus, Clem. 
Perispasta caeculalis, Zell. 
A single specimen taken at Hamilton several years ago. It was 
sitting on the upper side of a leaf quite exposed. Its unusual form and 
marking attracted my attention at the time, and although I looked for it 
regularly afterwards in that locality, at the same season of the year, I 
never came upon another, and the only other one I have seen was sent 
to me for determination by Mr. Winn, of Montreal. 
Perispasta tmmixtalis, Grote. 
A single specimen taken at London in the season of 1892, and that in 
rather poor condition, 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 151 
Teras nivisellana, W\sm. 
“_ variana, Fernald. 
Cacecia rosana, Linn. 
Cinectra pilleriana, Schiff. 
Exartema punctana, W\sm. 
This attractive species I had been taking for a number of years at 
Hamilton, one and two specimens in a season. It was moderately 
plentiful in one locality at London during the early part of July, where 
I secured about a dozen and a-half specimens of it. It is quite variable 
in size and depth of shading. My specimens range from 15 to 25 mm. 
in expanse of. wing, the smallest males being, as a rule, the lightest in 
colour. 
Sericorts bipartitana, Clem. 
Pedisca otiosana, Clem. 
Semasia signatana, Clem. 
Argyresthia andereggiella, F. V. R. 
Laverna subbistrigella, Haw. 
Butalis tmpositella, Zell. 
THE SYSTEMATIC POSITION OF VARINA ORNATA, NEUM.* 
BY A. S. PACKARD. 
For a specimen of this most interesting moth I am indebted to Mrs, 
Slosson, and after an examination of it Iam unable to find any Bombycine 
characters, except the heavily pectinated antennz. In Prof. Smith’s List 
of Lepidoptera it is placed in the Liparidz between Artaxa and Lagoa, 
though it bears no resemblance to these moths except in the shape of the 
antenne. It has also been regarded as aliied to the Cochliopodide. 
Prof. Smith has recently stated that it is a synonym of Acherdoa ferraria, 
Walk. (See Can. ENT., xxiv, 135, 1892). It appears from its heavily 
pectinated antenne to belong among the Noctuo-Bombyces, and all its 
characters indicate its affinities with the Noctuina. On denuding the 
head, the front is seen to be very full and convex, and those who claim 
that the characters of the head are useless in distinguishing families, we 
would refer to this case, as no Bombycine moth with which we are 
“Papilio iv., 94, 1884, 

152? THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
acquainted has such a full, protuberant front. The palpi are also 
truly noctuid in shape, the joints being very distinct, the 3rd jcint long 
and slender compared with those of the Bombyces. ‘The forewings have 
a well-developed dot and reniform spot, genuine Noctuid marks, and the 
hind wings have the peculiar gloss of Noctuid moths. The venation of 
the wing is unlike that of the Liparidze and Cochliopodide, and entirely 
unlike that of the Notodontide. There are 4 branches of the median 
vein, and their arrangement and that of the subcostal veinlets appears to 
be characteristically Noctuid. 
Iam confirmed in the view that this moth belongs among the Noctuids 
by the following observations of Mrs. Slosson, who was fortunate enough 
to hatch out the larve, and to find that they are semiloopers, like the 
freshly-hatched larvee of many Noctuids. 
“T captured at light, in the spring of 1891, a Varina ornata 2 and 
placed her at once ina box made for the purpose. But when I opened 
the box for examination I found to my chagrin, that I had unfortunately 
closed the lid upon my treasure and crushed her to death. As the 
abdomen seemed somewhat distended, I pressed it gently, and had the 
satisfaction of seeing two eggs drop out. I could secure no more. As 
it was late at night and my light was poor, I deferred close examination 
of the eggs. ‘The next day I was attacked with neuralgia in the eyes, and 
was quite unable to use a magnifying glass. On the 6th or 7th day the 
eggs were hatched. I was still suffering, and could make no close 
observations. But one thing was plainly to be seen, the larve were 
“Joopers”! This I could see for myself, and an unscientific friend who 
looked at them through a lens at once declared them to be ‘“‘ measuring 
worms.” Knowing nothing of the food-plant, I sent out for leaves of the 
various trees and herbs growing near. But the larvae would eat nothing. 
On the third day, though still alive they were very weak. I placed a bit 
of palmetto—Sada/ serrvu/ata—in their glass, and they at once crawled 
feebly upon it, and began nibbling its surface. But it was too late, and 
not knowing how vastly important to science would be a prolongation. of 
their existence, they quietly passed away. I regretted deeply my lost 
opportunity of settling finally the proper position of this interesting moth. 
But I can but consider this proven fact of the young larve’s being 
loopers a very significant one.” 

——-= 
Ort 
~~ 
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 15; 
CATOCALINE MOTHS FROM GEORGIA. 
BY A. R. GROTE, A. M.. BREMEN, GERMANY. 
In the collection of the Bremen Museum are a number of Woctuide 
Catocaline, brought by Norwich, many years ago, from the vicinity of 
Savannah, Georgia, and belonging to species for the most part new to me. 
Nearly all are now identified by me as described by Guenée in the 
Species General, and their notice here can hardly fail to be of interest. I 
have previously remarked upon the fact that, as we progress southwardly, 
we are met by an increase in the number of species of Catocaline Owlet 
Moths, while the Woctuine, or typical Voctuide, diminish ; the metropolis 
of the former seems to lie in the Tropical, of the latter in the North 
Temperate Zone. But already in the Southern States we meet with 
many species of Banded Owlets, which seem absent in Canada and the 
Northern United States. 
GRAMMODEsS, Guen. 
Guenée describes in the Species General three North American 
species, Smithiz, Similis and Consobrina, under the generic term Ophiusa, 
‘Tr., a name which, being pre-occupied in zoology, cannot be retained. 
These three species, then unknown to me in nature, I referred tempor- 
arily to the genus Grammodes, in the Buffalo Check List, 39, 1876, as 
also in the New York Check List, 39, 1882. This course is followed by 
the Philadelphia Check List, 57, 1891. At this writing I have not the 
necessary means or material to satisfactorily review the generic position 
of the species described in the present paper, Of Guenée’s three Ameri- 
can species of Ophiusa, two, Smithii and Consobrina, are now identified 
by me in the Norwich collection. These two are closely allied, so much 
so that, at the first glance, they seem the same, though readily distin- 
guished. Under these circumstances it seems inexplicable to me that 
Guenée should place them in two distinct groups, and should interpolate 
a group and follow Smthii with a species, s¢mz/is, which, from the des- 
cription, must differ somewhat widely in appearance. The two species 
before me seem allied to Luclidia cuspidea, while in the dusty-gray colour, 
texture and vestiture, they resemble Drasteria. They are distinguished 
by the fine, even, cleanly-cut and very distinct median lines. All the 
species here included have a deep brown or blackish, apical, liturate 
mark. That they will remain under this generic title, which is only a 
substitute for Opiiusa, as used by Guenée for them, does not seem prob- 
able to me. 

154 . THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 
1. SmiryHit, Guen., Sp. Gen., VII., 266, 1852, OphAzusa. 
The forewings are powdery light ash-gray over brown, with a slight 
violaceous reflection. ‘The brown colour appears as a diffuse deeper 
shading before the t. a, line, and again before the t. p. line over the outer 
portion of median space. ‘T. a. line narrow, brown, slightly bent and 
relieved outwardly against the gray median space. ‘T. p. line similar in 
appearance, but very cleanly cut and even, forming two angles outwardly ; 
the first and most prominent opposite the cell, the second projection on 
the interspace above vein 1 ; thus the line forms three subequal scallops, 
the upper one shallower and more oblique, the middle one the longest. 
A deep brown, inwardly oblique, shaded apical mark, terminating holmes} 
second linear one, which appears as if dislocated and turns outwardly. 
Hind wings obscure brown, a little dusted with grayish on the outer 
margin before the angle. Beneath both wings concolorous, paler yellowish- 
brown, with a faint darker median line and discal point. On _ primaries 
above the brown reniform is feebly marked. Body concolorous. Two 
female specimens examined, expanding 37-38 mil. In Mus. Brem. 
Guence names this species for one of the authors of the “ Insects of 
Georgia.” 
2. Consoprina, Guen., Sp. Gen., VIL. 1852, Ophiusa. , 
Almost exactly like Smthiz. The base of primaries somewhat darker 
shaded, hardly ashen; the liturate apical mark seems to run inwardly 
obliquely throughout its length and is uniformly preceded by a deep 
brown shade, appearing continuous. ‘The t. p. line wants the second 
angulation and thus forms a single curve from a point opposite the cell to 
the inner margin. These seem the only differences in markings. Two 
males examined, expanding, one 4o, the other only 35 mil. In Mus. 
Brem. 
I regard it as not impossible that Covsobrina is the male of Syuithit. 
The antenne in both are simple, the joints provided with short hairs be- 
neath. The terminal joint of the palpi appears to be shorter in Cozso- 
brina, and probably really is so, but this feature might be sexual. Guenée 
does not note the sex of his material. In ornamentation the only 
differences I find are in the apical shade and the t. p. line; this latter 
character alone is strongly marked and leads one to suspect a distinct 
species. The difference in size noted by Guence (p. 268) does not exist. 
In this group of moths the male is not infrequently much larger than the 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 155 
female, but is inconstant in size of wing. One specimen of Comsobrina 
is in this respect smaller than Sm7thiz. As to the difference in 
shading, it appears to me quite unimportant and not unlikely a variable 
character. 
3. SimILis, Guen. Sp. Gen. VII., 267, 1852. OpAzusa. 
‘“‘4o mil. Wings entire, powdery, of an even violaceous ashen, shaded 
here and there with reddish ; with the two median lines hardly visible, 
very fine and, between them, another similar line bent in an opposite 
direction to the t. p. line and nearly touching the latter at either extremity, 
the whole hardly distinct. A black apical mark, composed of two little 
triangles united at apices, a little shaded interiorly. Hind wings light 
brown, with the fringes ashen, Beneath of the same brown, with indistinct 
line and lunule. 
Var. Apica.is, id. The arcuate median line largely shaded with 
blackish exteriorly.” 
This species is unknown to me. It cannot be the succeeding form 
owing to the given colour, the triangulate apical spots, and the arcuate 
median line. 
4. CONCOLOR, DN. s. 
¢ Entirely of a light chocolate brown. The forewings unicolorous, 
with a slight frosty violet reflection, without any perceptible markings or 
any darker shadings, except the liturate dark brown apical mark, which 
is oblique, of nearly uniform width and subcontinuous. Hind wings 
plain brown, the outer edge and fringes very slightly shaded with ashen. 
Beneath paler, concolorous yellowish-brown, with faint traces of one or 
more common lines and discal dots. Palpi slightly exceeding the front. 
Antenne simple, the joints beneath with short hairs. One specimen, ex- 
panding 42 mil., in Mus. Brem. 
@ Somewhat darker than the male. The frosty violaceous shade 
obtains strongly over basal half of primaries and allows an uneven darker 
t. a. line to be faintly visible. At the centre of the wing, in the place of 
the median shade, is a straight sharp line of demarcation, beyond which 
the wing is outwardly diffusedly much darker shaded, the dark colour 
fading to the fringes and allowing the apical mark to be plainly visible. 
In one specimen the apical mark is apparently linear and dislocated in- 

156 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 
feriorly. Else as in the male. In one specimen there are terminal dots 
near the anal angle of secondaries. ‘Iwo specimens, one expanding 46 
mil., the other only 38 mil. Savannah, Norwich, in Mus. Brem. 
Renewed examinations of the male of this prominent and well-sized 
species show, that in certain lights exceedingly faint traces of the t. a. 
line may be discerned. But the brown surface of the wing is unbroken to 
the eye, without lines or discal spot, and is relieved only by the distinct 
apical mark. 
AGNOMONIA, Hubn. 
Is -ANILIS, Drury; 127, Fh lh 3 aoe raee. 
Seguistriaris, Hubn., Zutr., 419-20, 1825, Agnomonia. 
Anilis, Guen., VII., 273, 1852, Aguomonia. 
Two specimens of this not unusual species from Savannah in Mus. 
Brem. In this genus the apices of forewings are sharp, the short fringes 
usually discolorous, the external margin sinuous or straight, not rounded ; 
the forewings have a certain lustre on their upper surface. 
2. QUADRIFILARIS, Hubn., Zutr., 569-70, 1825, Agnomonia. 
Guen., VII., 300, 1852, Poaphila. 
Two specimens of this well-marked species from Savannah in Mus. 
Brem. Smaller than avz/7s, of a lighter lustrous brown. The fore- 
wings crossed by two white median stripes, narrower than in av///s, and 
continuous, whereas in az7/7s the outer band is abbreviated. <Awz/is is 
much stouter with the external margin sinuate, curving inwardly below 
the apex. 
3. OssoLeta, Grt. Proc. Bost. Soc., N. H., 417, 1876, FPoaphila. 
Quadrifilaris, var. A., Guen., VII., 301, 1852, Poaphila. 
Of this species, taken by Dr. Thaxter in Florida, there are no speci- 
mens in the collection. According to my observation, it is decidedly 
distinct from Quadrifi/aris. 
4. Erasa, Guen., VII., 301, 1852, Poaphila. 
The forewings are of a somewhat grayish or fuscous-brown with a 
slight lustre, darker shaded outwardly. The markings are quite indistinct, 

4 
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 157 
and only traces of the transverse lines can be made out. The short 
fringes are tipped with whitish ; apices pointed, external margin quite 
straight. Hind wings without markings; abdomen somewhat grayish. 
An inconspicuous species, distinguishable by tne pale fringes. One male 
before me from Savannah, expanding 31 mil., in Mus. Brem. 
Probably most of the species referred to Poaphila in the Species 
General, and in our Check Lists, belong really to Agnomonia, Of the 
species described by Guenée I have not identified anywhere Contempta 
or Bistrigata. Poaphila sylvarum, in the collection before me, may be 
considered typical of its genus. lavistriaria, perplexa, and herbarum, 
determined by me in Coll. Mus. Brem., are apparently related to Phurys 
and Celiptera, as also is Bistrigata from Hiibner’s figure. I have 
described two species in Bulletin, U.S. Geol. Survey, IV., 184, 185, which 
may also belong to Agnomonia. The types are in Coll. Brit. Mus. A 
name to be admitted must be sanctioned by figure or description. But 
what are we to do with the bad descriptions of the British Museum Lists ? 
Can the supposed types of Mr. Walker be admitted as evidence? In 
cases where they in any way contradict the description I think cer- 
tainly not. 
Puurys, Guen. 
r. FLAVISTRIARIA, Hubn., Zutr. 555-6, 1825, Crochiphora. 
Guen., VII., 302, 1852, Poaphila. 
The forewings are grayish-brown, with a faint discal mark and a rigid 
ochre-yellow subterminal band, followed by a narrower dark brown shade 
line. Two specimens before me, which belong evidently to the species 
described by Guenée, but do not quite agree in shape of wing and appear- 
ance with Hubner’s figure, while the only markings correspond, and these 
are so simple that it must be the species. The identification of flavz- 
striaria has led me to that of Guenée’s perplexa, described comparatively 
in the Species General. Guenée changes the specific name to A/avi- 
striarts. 
2. PERPLEXA, Guen., VIL., 303, 1852, Poaphila. 
Glans, Grt., Proc. Bost.S., N. H., 416, 1876, Phurys. 
This species differs from //avistriaria mainly by the concolorous pale 
gray colour, while the subterminal stripe has less yellow, the dark brown 

158 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
line predominating. Faint indications of an uneven t. a. line. The discal 
mark almost obsolete. Faint terminal dots may be discerned. Hind 
wings gray without lines. ‘Two specimens, Savannah, Georgia, in Mus. 
rem. 
The more of our species of Catocaline Noctuids, belonging to the 
group of which Drasterta may be considered typical, the so-called 
‘*Grass Moths,” I have become acquainted with, the more do I see the 
necessity for their generic revision. But the material I have had at any 
one time has been so small and fragmentary that I have been unable to 
attempt it. 
DESCRIPTIONS OF CERTAIN LEPIDOPTEROUS. LARVA: 
BY HARRISON G. DYAR. 
Colias Behrii, Edw. 
Lgg.--Spindle shaped, a little contracted just before the tip, with low 
longitudinal and transverse ridges, which divide the surface into shallow, 
rectangular parallelograms. Length, 1.3 mm.; width, .6 mm. The eggs 
are laid singly on the upper side of the leaves of a species of ground 
huckleberry, its food plant. 
First stage.— Head rounded, dark brown ; width, .25 mm. Body of 
normal shape, sordid whitish, apparently without marks ; minutely pilose. 
Fifth stage.—Head rounded, very slightly bilobed, slightly reticulated 
with brown ; no other marks ; width,2 mm. Mouth parts brown ; ocelli 
and jaws black. An even, pinkish white dorsal line, very narrowly black 
bordered, runs the length of the body, tapering a little at each end, 
obsolete on joints 2, 3 and 13. A broader, even, subdorsal line, nearly 
white on the edges, salmon-coloured centrally, and bordered above by a 
black lunate shade on the-anterior part of each segment. A similar, very 
even substigmatal band, pinkish centrally ; the bordering black shades 
surround the spiracles and are larger and more diffuse than those above 
the subdorsal band, but very faint on the thoracic segments. A faint, 
even, lateral band, paler than the ground colour, which is probably some 
shade of green in living specimens. Spiracles white, the pair on joint 12 
larger than the others. Thoracic feet testaceous. 
Pupa.—This seems not distinguishable from that of other species of 
Colias. Thorax large, the back arched and cases prominent; abdomen 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 159 
tapering ; cremaster short, square at tip, flattened and firmly adhering to 
the silken web. It appears to have been yellowish-green, a lateral pale 
line on the abdomen, the antenna cases marked with pink. 
Described from alcoholic specimens collected by Mr. J. B. Lembert in 
the High Sierras of California, Concerning the habits of this insect, Mr. 
Lembert writes :—‘‘ July 27th, about nine or ten in the morning of the 
third day of search, I discovered the food-plant of the hardy little mountain- 
eer. His little queen fluttered into the grass on the meadows at the base 
of Mt. Gibbs. When she had laid about five or six eggs, she flew on to 
the dry moraine and sandy hills to eat flowers, and in the meantime 
another took her place. The eggs were deposited on the low growing 
huckleberry vine, which is lower than the grasses that it grows among, 
affording protection to the eggs and larvee against the dews and frosts that 
prevail at any day on the highland meadows. ‘The males outnumber the 
emales six to one, according to my catch, as the latter feed on the 
flowers growing on the old moraines which rise up out of the meadows, 
and only fly to the meadows to deposit their eggs. 
When the larve get large they hide, and in the first stage they are 
| almost invisible. When ¥% inch long they are semi-transparent ; when 1% 
| inch, they get about the colour of a lightly bruised apple and worm-like, 
without spines. They greatly resemble the withered huckleberry ruit. 
The eggs when first laid are glistening white, then dull white, and finally 
greenish. They hatch in six days.” 
' Ichthyura vau, Fitch. 
Eeg.—Hemispherical, flat below, the shell semi-transparent white. 
Under the microscope it appears covered with small, slight depressions, 
closely crowded together and forming obscure roundedly hexagonal 
reticulations ; diameter, .g mm. Laid singly, or as many as seven together 
on the under side of a leaf. The larva hatches by eating a piece off of 
' the vertex of the egg, which may remain attached to the shell like a 
circular trap door. 
} Third stage.—Head slightly bilobed, rounded, clypeus depressed, 
hairy, esperially on the lower part; shining black throughout. Cervical 
shield and anal plate blackish. Body vinous-brown, with a broad band 
of sordid yellowish-white, absent on joints 5 and 12, and containing a 

LG0 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
triple brown line. Subventral space, from the spiracles to the feet, 
irregularly mottled and streaked with yellowish. Feet black. The 
minute piliferous tubercles of rows 1 and 2 are stained yellow. Width of 
head, 1.2 mm. 
Fourth stage.-—Head round, full, pilose, blackish-brown, paler above 
the mouth and slightly shiny; width, 1.8 mm. Body largely obscure, 
purple-brown, this colour forming a triple dorsal line and covering the 
whole lateral area to the feet. Dorsum grayish-white between the lines, 
and this colour also obtains in a rather broad lateral line and minute 
mottlings all over the brown area, which are distinct without a lens only 
subventrally. Thoracic feet black, abdominal ones concolorous with the 
body. The tubercles are very inconspicuous, but row 1 is marked by 
little yellow dots through the whole length. The hairs are fine and short, 
pale, those arising from the body very much shorter than those from the 
tubercles. In another example joints 5 and r2 were seen to be slightly 
enlarged dorsally and coloured purple-brown, while all the turbercles of 
rows 1-5 were obscurely yellow. 
Lifth stage. 
in the sutures ; labrum sordid white ; width, 2.3-2.5 mm. Body purplish- 
. . . ' 
Head slightly flat in front, blackish-brown, pale-purplish 
brown, marked as before, but the pale gray parts are slightly obscured by 
minute brown mottlings and the yellow piliferous tubercles are small but 
very distinct. Each bears its one hair and the rest of the body is 
minutely pilose. There are traces of a black bisected cervical shield ; no 
distinct anal plate. In another example, the whole surface of the body 
was marbled with pale gray, greatly obscuring the lines, though the yellow 
tubercles were still distinct. 
At maturity the body was sordid white, thickly mottled with pale 
brown, forming a faint triple dorsal, single subdorsal and stigmatal lines ; 
spiracles black ; tubercles orange. 
Food-plant.—Species of willow (Salix). The larve live singly, each 
tightly wedged ina little house formed of leaves and silk, from which 
they come forth to feed. Larvee from Boston, Mass. 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 161 
NEBRASKA MYRIAPODA. 
BY F. C. KENYAN, UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA. 
Heretofore nothing concerning the Myriapoda of Nebraska has been 
published. Hence the following short list of species will not be without 
interest :-— 
Lysiopetalum lactarium, (Say). 
Parajulus canadensis, (Newp). 
FP. impressus, (Say). 
Spirobolus marginatus, (Say) Newp. 
Leptodesmus floriaus, Wood. . 
Fontaria virginiensis, (Drury) J. E. Gray. 
Paradesmus erythropygus, (Brandt) Wood. 
Polydesmus canadensis, Newp. 
P. granulatus, Say. 
Scolioplanes bothriopus, (Wood) Mein. 
Geophilus cephaticus, (Wood) Mein. 
Geophilus bipuncticeps, Wood. 
Scolopocryptops sexspinosus, (Say) Newp. 
Scolopendra woodi, Mein. ; . 
Archilithabius malterris, sp. n.—Prosternal teeth, 2+2. Ocelli, ro- 
12, arranged in 3 rows. Antennal articles, 21. Coxal pores, 2, 3, 3, 2-3, 
3, 4, 3, Or 1c—13, round. Spines on the first pair of legs, 2, 3, 1; on the 
penultimate pair, 1, 3, 3, 1; on the anal pair, 1, 3, 2,0. Claw of female 
genitalia entire. Slender, light chestnut, head darker. Joints of antennz 
rather long. Length, 12-53 mm. 
From the Bad-lands, Sioux Co. 
Archilithobius nebrascensts, sp, NV. 
Prosternal teeth, 2+2. Ocelli, tr—15, arranged in 3 rows. Antenna; 
articles, 20-21. Coxal pores, 2, 3, 3, 2-3, 4, 4, 3, Or r0-14. Spines on 
the first pair of legs, 1, 1, 1-1, 2, 1; on the penultimate pair, 1, 3, 3, 2; 
on the anal pair, r, 3, 2,0. Claw of female genitalia bipartite. Rather 
robust. Orange-brown; head darker, smooth; shortly pilose. Head 
subrotundate. First scutum, large, subquadrate. Antenne, long, taper- 
ing, shortly pilose ; articles long. Length, :r mm. 

L62 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
A. dorsopinorum, sp. V. 
Prosternal- teeth, 2+2..  Ocelli, 11-15, arranged in 3 rows. Articles 
of the antenne, 21. Coxal pores, 3, 4, 4, 3-4, 5, 5, 4,0r 14-18. Spines on 
the first pair of legs,1,2, 1-2,3, 1 ; on the penultimate pair, 1,3,2.1- 1, 
2.9 
9 
J) 29 
laws : 
; 
on the anal pair, 1, 3, 2, 1. Penultimate pair of legs armed with 2 « 
the anal legs with one claw. Claw of female genitalia tripartite. 
Body depressed. Light brown ; head a little darker. Anal legs only 
slightly crassate. 
This seems to be related to Bollman’s e/afus, but is distinguished from 
that species by having the ocelli and the coxal pores more numerous, and 
the spines of the anal legs differently arranged. 
A. Lruneri, sp. nv. 
Prosternal teeth, 2+ 2. Ocelli, 9-12, arranged in 3 rows. Antennal 
articles (2)20-(@)21. Coxal pores, round, 2, 3, 3, 2-3, 4, 4, 3, Or 10-14. 
Spines on the first pair of legs, 0, 1, 1-2, 2, 1; on the penultimate pair, 
I, 3, 3, 23; on the anal pair, 1, 3, 3, 1. Penultimate legs armed with 2 
claws ; the anal pair with one. Claw of female genitalia entire. 
Scarcely robust. Light chestnut; head and first scutum darker ; 
pilose. Head subrotundate ; longer than broad. Antennal joint, head- 
like, thickly pilose. Body tapering anteriorly. Anal legs not crassate, 
vilose ; fifth joint sulcate beneath ; the last two joints decidedly flattened 
on the inner side. 
Lithobius sexdentatus, sp. nv. 
Prosternal teeth, 3+3. Ocelli, t9-24, arranged in 4 rows. Antenna! 
articles, 20-21. Coxal pores, 4, 4, 5, 4-4, 5, 5, 4, or 17-18; round. 
Spines on the first pair of legs, 1, 3, 1-2, 3, § ; on the penultimate pair, 
I, 3, 3, 2; on the anal pair, 1, 3, 2,0. Anal and penultimate legs each 
armed with a single claw. Claw of female genitalia entire. Slightly 
robust, dark chestnut ; head darker. Head subrotundate ; longer than 
broad. Antennz short, pilose, articles long. Anal legs slightly crassate 
Length, r2 mm. 
From the Bad-lands of Sioux Co. 
L. Celer, Boll. 
L. forficatus (Linn) Leach. 
Neolithobius mordax, (Koch) Stux. 
Scutigera forceps, (Raf.) Latr. 
a 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 163 
CORRESPONDENCE. 
PARNASSIUS CLODIUS AND P. SMINTHEUS. 
Str,—Good specimens of these species are generally easily separated, 
but occasionally specimens are taken the identity of which it is difficult 
to decide. Mr. C. de Blois-Green, of Victoria, B. C., who has taken both 
specimens in large numbers, has drawn my attention to a character which 
he finds reliable in all instances. ‘This is that in C/odzus the antenne are 
uniformly black, whilst in. Smzntheus they are ringed with white. Of 
course, when the abdominal pouch is attached, there is no difficulty in 
separating the female of C/odzus with its large pouch from Smzntheus 
with its small keel-shaped appendage. The value of these abdominal 
pouches has been well-worked out by Mr. H. J. Elwes in an exhaustive 
paper published in the Transactions of the Entomological Society of 
London. Some specimens received from Mr. de Blois-Green were sent 
to Dr. H. Strecker, and his opinion asked as to the value of the character 
based on the colour of the antenne. His reply, which I think will be 
read with interest by lepidopterists, is as follows :— 
‘Your letter and the remnants of the Parnassius received. The lat- 
ter are only C/odius, of the form found in the State of Washington and 
western British Columbia; those further south (California) are not as 
large nor as brightly coloured, as a general thing. Your correspondent 
is right in laying stress on the black antenne. CV/odius belongs to a 
group and is allied to some sub-group having black antennz and large 
pouches. They embrace Vordmanni, from Armenia; Clarzus, from W. 
Siberia; Lversmanni, from Alaska and Siberia; /e/derz, the Amoor ; 
Mnemosyne, Germany and Switzerland, etc.; Studbendorfii, Siberia ; and 
Glacialis, Japan ; whereas Smintheus has white-ringed antenne, and its 
allies, distinguished further by the keel-shaped pouch, are Apollo, Ger- 
many ; Hesebolus, Mongolia, etc. ; Momion, Siberia; /acguemont:, Him- 
alayahs, etc., with white-ringed antennz also ; but there are sub-groups 
allied to these with the same keel-like pouch as Afoldinus, ‘Tartary ; 
Hlonrathi, Turkestan, etc., that have all black antennz, so there is no 
rule without an exception. Our Parnassius, according to my views, are 
but three species :— 
1. Smintheus, Dbldy—Hew. 
2. Clodius, Men. 
3. Eversmanni, Men. 

164 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
All the others, such as Z7hor, ATenetriesiz, etc., are but varieties or aber- 
rants. It would be easy to make fifty such species of Smintheus alone, 
if you took them at various altitudes and locations. Some butterflies, as, 
for instance, Pupilio Turnus, of which I have great giants from North 
f 
Go) 
Carolina, Georgia, etc., expanding 5% inches, while others from the 
it 
White Mountains spread only 2% inches, and there are all sorts of shades 
of yellow, orange, brown and black, and yet who would think of making 
a dozen species of these? I notice that Mr. W. H. Edwards includes 
Par. Nomion in our fauna. I think somehow he must be mistaken, 
unless possibly it was caught in Alaska.” 
HERMAN STRECKER.” 
Feeling sure that the above letter will be of interest to many of our 
readers, I have obtained Dr. Strecker’s permission to publish it. 
JAMES FLETCHER, Ottawa. 
UNIDENTIFIED BOMBYCIDS. 
Str,—Messrs. Dyar and Neumoegen have struck a snag in their work, 
according to their statement in Can. Env. for May, 1893. Iam glad 
that Iam able to help them over one part of it. Of the ‘“ unidentified 
names,” Sadigena personata has been long since referred as a synonym 
of Raphia frater, and I am able to confirm the correctness of the refer- 
ence. So Ldema obligua has been proved a noctuid, and an Argama. 
As Sphdia or Arzama obliguata, it is a well-known imsect. Messrs Neu- 
moegen and Dyar are following Mr. Kirby’s use of generic terms very 
closely. It would be a matter of some interest if they wouid inform us 
whether, in the case of Hubner’s Tentamen, they have independently 
concluded that it should be adopted, or whether they simply follow Mr. 
Kirby without original investigation. So few of the working entomolo- 
gists have accepted the Tentamen as authority, that it is not impertinent 
to ask why they have joined the minority. Joun B. SMITH. 
PROF. C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND 
has been appointed Curator of the Museum at the Institute of Jamaica, 
in place of Mr. ‘T. D. A. Cockerell, who has recently resigned on account 
of ill-health. Mr. Townsend’s address is now Kingston, Jamaica, West 
Indies. We wish him much success and prosperity in his new position, 
and trust that he will continue to favour us with his valuable communi- 
cations. 
Mailed June s2th, 

1 ! 
’ ' 
ee cae 
The € anactian Hatomologist. 
VOL. XXV. LONDON, JULY, 1893. No. 7. 
OF NEW SPECIES OF MEXICAN PHASIIDA, GYM- 
NOSOMATIDZ:, OCYPTERIDA,, AND 
PHANIIDZ. 
BY C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND. 
Mr. F. M. van der Wulp, the well-known Dutch dipterologist, has re- 
cently published, in the Z77dschrift voor Entomologie, vol. 35, pp. 183-195, 
short diagnoses of a large number of new species and several new genera 
of Mexican Tachinide sens. lat. Of these, there are 33 new species and 
4 new genera which belong to the above four groups. Of such well- 
known and well-worked genera as 7Zrichopoda, there are 4 new species ; 
of Hyalomyia, to new species ; of Crstogaster, 8 new species! 
This material was received by Mr. van der Wulp from the editors of 
the Biologia Centrali-Americana, but too late to be included in his parts 
on the above groups, which had already been published. These forms 
are to bé fully described at some future time in a supplement to the 
Biologia. No localities whatever accompany the short diagnoses. 
I desire to offer the following notes on these species :— 
PHASIIDA. 
Trichopoda nitidiventris, g, is described as having the cilia of hind 
tibize black with yellow tips. This must be a quite divergent form, since 
it is the first one known with the tibial cilia varicoloured. It is also very 
distinct from the previously known forms in having the abdomen shining 
black with a rufous anus. 
T. alipes, S, seems to be different from the described species, inas- 
much as the tip of the wing, as well as the hind border, is broadly 
hyaline. 
T: squamipes, gd, seems quite distinct in its yellowish rufous scutellum 
and abdomen. 7? Aistrio, Wik. (trifasciata, Liv. ),is the only species 
known to me with a yellowish, or other than a nearly black, scutellum. 

166 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
T. nigripes, & 2, must be near 7: pennipes. It is smaller, however, 
and the face and front are whitish instead of golden-yellow. 
HomocEn!a, nov. genus, v. d. W. 
This genus must be closely allied to either Xysta,or Phasia. It is 
described as similar to Z77ichopoda, but with apical cell open, and cilia of 
hind tibize short and less conspicuous. ‘This name is preoccupied 
(Homogenes) by.Thomson in Coleoptera. I propose, therefore, that the 
genus be known as 77ichopododes, from its close relationship with Z7écho- 
poda, as shown by its somewhat less ciliate hind tibia. Three species of 
it are described, from 7 to 11 mm. long. They are: Zyrichopododes 
rufipes, 2 ; 7. latipennis, § 9 3 and Ti nigroscutellata, é. 
Hyalomyia munda, §, seems distinct in the whole body being thickly 
covered with a yellowish-gray tomentum. 
H. villosa, &, also seems distinct in its dense yellowish pilosity. 
H. hebes, &, iS apparently distinct in the shorter yellow pilosity. 
H. ochriceps, 3, seems very close to Hf. enetventris, Will. 
H. argenticeps, £,is also apparently very near 47. enecventris, Will. I 
do not see why the front in the above five male specimens is described to 
be as broad as, or broader than, the eyes, unless the anterior triangular por- 
tion ofthe front ismeant. Butthis interpretation is precluded by the next five 
specimens being indicated as females, all of which are described as having 
the front trigonal and the eyes but little separated on the vertex. I do 
not know of any /Zya/omyias which have the front as broad as the eyes, 
H. nigrens, ¢, does not apparently differ much from AZ. punctigera. 
Twns., so far as can be gathered from the short description. 
H. piceipes, 9, may be a valid species. 
HZ merens, 2, 18 quite near A. purpurascens, Twns. The wings, 
however, of the latter are not brown, but whitish. 
H. umbrosa, 2, is a similar but larger species. 
H. umbrifera, 2, 1s allied to . punctigera, Twns. 
GYMNOSOMATID&. 
Cistogaster ruficornis, 3, seems to be Gymnosoma filiola, Liv., g. 
C. melanosoma, §, 1s probably C. padllaszz, Twns. 
C. subpetiolata, 2, seems only a variety of C. padlasi, Twns. 
C. propingua, P, seems very near C. tmmaculata, Mcq., @. 
C. grisconigra, 9, may be same as C. occidua, Walk., ?. 
C. ferruginosa, £,18 probably C. smmaculata, Mcq., 6. 
C. kirticallis, &, is doubtless C. occtdua, Wik., 6. 
C. variegata, &, seems to be only a variety of preceding. 

a 
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 167 
OCYPTERID. 
Ocyptera signatipennis, &. is probably Ceyptera euchenor, Wik. 
XANTHOMELANA, nov. genus, v. d. W. 
This genus must be very similar to Ocyftera, differing only by the 
curved, not angulated, fourth vein, and the shortly petiolate apical cell, 
with the petiole ending at the wing’s tip. This name is also preoccupied 
(Xanthomelon, Mart., Moll., 1860), and may be changed to XANTHOME- 
LANODES. Six species are described, from 4% to 7% mm. long. They 
are :-—Xanthomelanodes articulata, ¢ ; X. rubicunda, &(?); X. dorsalis, 
g 29; X trigonalis, g ; X. gracilenta, § Q ; and X. anceps, S. 
PHANIID. 
CLINOGASTER, nov genus, v. d. W. 
This genus must bear a striking resemblance to Hemyda, differing 
almost wholly in the short petiolate, instead of open, apical cell, and in 
the fourth vein being bent at an angle. It belongs apparently in the 
Ocypteride, however, and not in the Phaniide, as indicated by the 
elongate and incurvate abdomen. 
Clinogaster notabilis, 2, type of the genus, must be very similar in 
size and appearance to Hemyda aurata. 
PENTHOSIA, nov, genus, v, d. W. 
This genus is erected by Mr. van der Wulp for Scopolia satanica, 
Bigot (Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1888, p. 254). Mr. van der Wulp has been 
kind enough to send me a specimen of this species, labelled: “ Omilteme, 
Guerrero, 8,ooo0 ft. July. H. H. Smith.” It is a well-marked genus, 
bearing much structural resemblance to Ocyftera, but differing at once in 
its well-formed palpi, and its intensely and evenly black colour. It 
should, I think, also be included in the Ocyfter7de. Both this genus and 
Clinogaster exhibit a closer relationship with Ocyffera than do any of the 
other American genera of Ocyfteride, by virtue of their petiolate 
apical cell. 
To sum up: 
The above 4 new genera appear to be quite distinct and valid. The 
species of TZyrichopoda appear to be distinct from those previously 
described. The /Yyalomyias, at least the most of them, are doubtless 
valid species. This is not to be wondered at, since the genus Hya/omyia 
is rich in forms, It is more remarkable, however, that 4 new species of 
Trichopoda should turn up at this late day, and in a single collection. 

168 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
When we come to the genus Cvsfogaster, and find 8 new species, we 
may well be astonished. ‘This genus has never before been turned up in 
Mexico, or anywhere in tropical America. Though most numerous in 
individuals in most parts of the United States, there were heretofore but 
3 species to be distinguished, and these might easily all be considered but 
forms of a single variable species. Bearing this in mind, we are wholly 
unprepared for such a sudden increase in the number of species, and may 
well doubt their validity. With the single exception of the first species 
(C. ruficornis), they are probably all referable to the three already known 
species. From the description of C. ruficornis, | cannot resist the con- 
clusion that Mr. van der Wulp has mistaken Gymnosoma filiola, Liv., for 
a Cistogaster. 
Of course it is difficult, and to a certain extent uncertain, to judge of 
these forms from the brief diagnoses alone that have so far appeared. 
For this reason I feel called upon to delay the publication of Part 1. of 
the Monograph of North American Tachinidee, referred to in Psyche, Jan., 
1893, until the Biologia supplement appears giving fuller descriptions of 
these species with drawings. 
If any of the above comments prove to be erronecus in their conclu- 
sions, I shall be most happy to amend them. 
DESCRIPTION OF THE GRUBS OF CHRYSOMELA 
EXCLAMATIONIS. 
BY C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND. 
This species is quite common in New Mexico, where it feeds on the 
native sunflower (A/e/ianthus sp.). On August 7, 1892, at Belen, N. 
Mex., I found the native /elianthus annuus badly infested with the 
adults and numerous light green grubs of this species, which were eating 
the leaves extensively. From these grubs the following description Is 
f=) 
drawn :— 
/ 
Length, 51% to 7 mm.; greatest 
Larva (about full grown). 
width, 4 to 414 mm.; greatest thickness, 3 to 344 mm.; width 
ri 
é 
of prothoracic segment, 2 to 24% mm.; of head, 4 mm. Colour 
wholly light’ green, except head and legs, which are slightly 
tinged with brownish; eyes, antennee and jaws, brown. Shape 
subpyriform, curvate, very strongly convex dorsally ; slightly concave 
ventrally in lateral profile, but a little convex in longitudinal profile ; 
es 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 169 
tapering anteriorly to head, stout posteriorly, coming suddenly to 
a point at anal extremity. Transversely wrinkled, both above 
and below. Consisting of thirteen segments, head chitinous, other 
segments fleshy, the prothoracic segment hardly less so. Nearly 
naked, clothed only with a few very sparsely distributed hairs, somewhat 
more numerous on the prothoracic segment and head. Head semi-circu- 
lar in outline from above, not retracted, narrower than prothoracic seg- 
ment ; second, third, fourth, and fifth segments each successively wider 
than its predecessor, and increasing at about the same rate ; segments 6 to 
8 about same width, a little wider than 5 ; 9 to 12 narrowing successively, 
each with greater rapidity than its predecessor; 13 very small. Pro- 
thoracic segment a little longer than head; segment 3 (in wrinkled 
condition of alcoholic specimens) about two-thirds length of second, the 
following segments increasing very slightly to the somewhat greater length 
of 6 tog; 10 and 11 successively a little shorter ; 12 and 13 very short, 
of about equal length, 13 bearing a blunt subbifid anal proleg. All the 
segments with a few short hairs on lateral edges, varying in number 
usually from 3 to 5, second segment and head with more. Eyes repre- 
sented by six prominent brown or blackish, often glistening, simple eyes 
on each side of the head, four of them arranged in a transverse diamond 
just posterior to antenna and a little removed inwardly from edge of 
head ; the other two situated on edge of head, more separated, one 
ventrad of the antenna and the other ventrad of the upper four. Antenne 
small, situated in an excavation and somewhat sunken, 3-jointed ; first 
joint stout, cylindrical, hardly as long as broad ; second joint less than 
one-half the diameter of first, not as long: third joint nearly as wide as 
second, hardly as long. Labrum twice as wide as long, front border 
hollowed out, bearing two bristles on its dorsal surface, clypeus appear- 
ing as a long transverse narrow strip posterior to labrum. Mandibles 
stout, 5-toothed on the blunt apical portion, Maxilla well-developed. 
Maxillary palpi 4-jointed, first joint short ; second a little shorter than 
first, but nearly same diameter ; third longer than first, narrower than 
second, cylindrical ; fourth conica!, almost as long as third, not as wide 
at base as third, and tapering evenly to a point. Labial palpi 2-jointed ; 
basal joint stout, tubercular, hardly as jong as wide, subcylindrical ; the 
second joint conical, hardly as wide at base, and hardly longer than basat 
joint. A spiracle (the mesothoracic) on lower antericr portion of third 
segment ; 5 to r2 with a spiracle on lateral portion dorsad of the lateral 

170 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
ridge which separates the tergum from the venter on these segments ; the 
thoracic segments extend farther ventrad on the sides. Legs apparently 
4-jointed, corneous, first two joints mote or less amalgamated, fourth 
shorter than third, terminated by a hooked claw. 
Described from many alcoholic specimens. Belen, N. Mex. August 7. 
A LIST OF SPECIES OF DIPTERA FROM SAN DOMINGO. 
BY S. W. WILLISTON, LAWRENCF, KANSAS. 
Some years ago I received a small collection of diptera from San 
Domingo, made by Mr. I. Frazar, a list of the species of which it is 
composed I herewith give. Hitherto scarcely two score species have 
been recorded from the island. The habitats followed by an exclama- 
tion point are given from specimens which I have examined :— 
1. Odontomyia, sp. 
Cyphomyla, sp. 
3. Lepidoselaga crassipes, Fabr. South America! Mexico! Cuba. 
4. Chrysops costatus, Fabr. South America! Cuba. 
5. Chrysops Frasari, Will. 
6. Zabanus parvulus, Will. 
7. LZabanus fenestra, Will. 
8. Plesiomma lineata, Fabr. St. Thomas. 
9. Laphria ruficauda, Williston, Cuba ! 
10. Andrenosoma chalybea, Will. Cuba! 
tt. Atonia Mikii, Will. 
12. Proctacanthus rufiventris, Maco. Honduras. Porto Rico. 
13.. Lrax, Sp, 
14. Ommatius vitreus, Bigot. 
15. Psilopus chrysoprasius, Walker. Cuba! Brazil! Porto Rico. 
16. Plagioneurus univitatius, Loew. South America! Cuba. 
17. Muicrodon pulcher, Will. 
18. AZesogramma aurulentum, Will. 
19. Syrphus simplex, Loew. Cuba. 
20. Ocyplamus dimidiata, Fabr. Brazil! Mexico! 
21. Ocyptamus latiusculus, Loew. Cuba. 
22. Ocyptamus fasciatus, Roeder. Porto Rico. 
23. Eristalis atrimanus, Loew. Cuba. 
24. Eristalis albifrons, Wied. Brazil! Mexico! United States! Port Rico, 
25. ELristalis hortorum, Fabr. 
to 
> 

i a a ee, ig i ee ee eee 
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Vil 
26. Volucella obesa, Fabr. Cosmopolitan. 
27. Pteroptila cincta, Drury. Jamaica. 
28. Phrissopoda praeceps, Fabr. South America. 
29. Lucilia, sp. 
30. Compsomyia macellaria, Fabr. Brazil! Mexico! United States ! 
31. Dexia, sp. 
32. Morinia, sp. nov. 
33. Limophora, sp. 
34. Belvosia Van der Wulpi, Will. 
35. Blepharipeza leucophrys, Wied. Brazil! United States! Porto Rico. 
36. Jurinia. ‘Two species. 
37. furinia apicifera, Walker. United States ! 
38. Zrichopoda pennipes, Fabr. Brazil! United States ! 
39. Lrichopoda, sp. 
40. Sipedon macropus, Walker. Cuba. Jamaica. Porto Rico. 
41. Calobata laseiva, Fabr. South America! Cuba! United States ! 
Porto Rico. 
42. LVotiphila, n. sp. 
Fem. Flavo-cinerea, facie flava, antennarum articuli tertii basi 
rufa, thoracis dorso vittis quingue humerisque brunneis; abdomen brun- 
neum vitta media maculisque cinereis; pedes nigri, tibits tarsisque 
posterioribus et tibiarum anticarum basi apiceque luteis. 
REICH S LYRE Ss OK IN. AG MEMBRACID AL. 
F. W. GODING, M, D., PH. D., RUTLAND, ILLINOIS. 
During a recent visit to the city of Washington, through the kindness 
of Prof. C. V, Riley and his courteous assistants, I had the pleasure of 
examining typical examples of some of the Membracidz described by Dr. 
Asa Fitch, the labels being in Dr. Fitch’s own handwriting. Each speci- 
men is numbered to agree with those given in the doctor’s manuscript 
note-books, now in the possession of Dr. Riley and the Boston Society of 
Natural History. No. 11793 and 59782 are labelled Ze/amona acclivata, 
Fh. ; on the label he states : “like cristata, Fm., but hind lobe rounded, not 
angular.” This is Hediria cristata, Fm., 2. No. 3109 is the typical ex- 
ample of Ze/amona querci, Fb. It is usually seen in coliections labelled 
monticola, Kab., on whose authority I do not know. It is much smaller 
than that species and entirely different. I believe it to be a good species. 
It is a male. No. 2132, labelled Atyta irrorata, Mels., is Zelamona 

172 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
irrorata, Godg., described first in Bul. Hl. Lab. Nat. Hist., Vol. 3. It is 
the only description ever published. Ne. 2133, labelled Ze/amona 
concava, Fh., 2, and apparently identical with No. 12727, a male. There 
is a beautifully coloured @ of this species in the collection of the Depart: 
ment of Agriculture, light and dark blue-green. 
No. 3907 is 7elamona tristis, Fh., 9, and another smaller example 
doubtless the same. With these is a coxy/?, Fh., 2, which I believe to be 
the same species as suggested by Van Duzee. 
No. 2152, labelled Ledra perdita and capra, Mels., is Centruchus Lie- 
beckit, Godg. 
No. 6276, is AZicrocentrus carve, ¥h., g, and No. 1878 is @. This 
species was erroneously referred, by Fitch, to the genus Uvroxiphus. 
The female is about one-fourth larger then the male. 
No. 6926 is labelled Cyrtosia fenestrata, Fh., 2. It is the only 
example I have seen that agrees with Iitch’s description “tip of the 
thorax reaching beyond the terminal cells of the elytra.” In all the 
examples in my own collection the tip of prothorax barely reaches the 
terminal cells, while Mr. E. P. Van Duzee, a careful student and successful 
collector, informs me that all the specimens he has seen agree with my own, 
No. 11764 is labelled Cyrtosia fuliginosa, 9 , described and figured in 
Emmon’s valueless work on the Insects of New York. The dorsum 1s 
dark-brown with an arcuated yellow stripe on each side ; legs yellow. 
No. 3038 is labelled Cyrtosia discoidalis, 9; also No. 4837. 
Described in Emmon’s werk. No. 11763 is Cyrtosia pallidifrontis of the 
same author and doubtless the same. 
No. 11777 = Cyrtosia maculifrontis, and No. 4536= Cyrtosia cine- 
reum of the author’s. 
There are many other examples of this genus [ Cyrfoséa being pre- 
occupied, I have given to this genus the name Cyrtolobus| in the collection 
under various manuscript names, such as nigra, punctifrontis, tricineta, 
etc., Which may be distinct species, but I am inclined to the opinion that 
they are variations of a single species and that species may be Vau of Say. 
There are several examples of the genus Op/7derma in the collection, 
under the manuscript names wigripennis, arguata, rectineura, flaviguttula, 
bicincta, nigriventris, dimidiata, columbis, erc., which I believe are varia- 
tions of not more than two species. 
In the collection are to be found examples of Platycotis g-vittata, 
Say, = 4-/ineata, Germ. Itisa dimorphic species, as has been proven by 
Prof. Riley and Mr, Ashmead, the anterior horn being present in the one 
and wanting in the other. Both forms are represented in the Fitch 
collection and in my own cabinet. 

; 
, 
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 173 
NORTH AMERICAN THYSANURA.—ILI. 
BY ALEX. D. MACGILLIVRAY, -ITHACA, N. Y. 
The genus /afyx has been of particular interest because of the 
apparent absence of rudimentary abdominal appendages. One American * 
writer says very decidedly, “/apyx has none”; a well-known English ‘i 
writer considers these appendages as “represented by mere groups of 
stiff hairs.” The presence of these appendages was indicated as early as 
1869, by Brauer, { in his description of Japyx gigas. In 1889 there 
appeared a very important paper by Haase §, in which the rudimentary 
appendages are distinctly shown. ‘These appendages can easily be seen 
in either of the species described below. 
JAPYX SUBTERRANEUS, Pack. 
1874, Japyx, Packard, Amer. Nat., VIIL., 5or. 
Head quadrangular, not broader than long. Antenne about thirty 
joints. Prothorax narrower than the head, truncate in front. Abdomen 
gradually broader behind, segments marked on each side with whitish 
dots, arranged in the form of a figure six ; segments one to six rounded at 
the sides, the seventh slightly emarginate behind, posterior angles pro- 
duced, not spinate, eighth subequal’to the seventh, longer than the sixth, 
slightly emarginate behind, sides straight ; ninth segment one-third the 
length of the eighth, posterior angles not produced ; the tenth segment 
and forceps subequal in length, together equal in length to the four pre- 
ceding segments. Right arm of the forceps broader than the left, with a 
stout tooth on the inner margin near the middle; in front of this tooth 
the inner margin is convex with four small tubercles, adjacent to the 
tooth, beyond the tooth the arm is concave and armed with tubercles to 
the apex. The left arm is broadest at base, becoming gradually narrower 
till a little beyond the middle, where there is a large tooth-like tubercle, 
in front of this tubercle the arm is concave and armed with seven to 
eight small tubercles ; beyond the tubercle the arm is convex and armed 
with very small tubercles. 
* Packard, Standard Natural History., II, 1884, 137. 
+ Lubbock., Monog. Collem, and Thys., 1873, 205. 
+ Brauer, Verh. Zool.—bot. Ges. Wien, XIX., 1869, 557. 
§ Haase, Die Abdominalanhange der Insekten mit a ee der Myriopo- 
den, Morphol, Jahr., XV., 1889, 330-435; pls. XIV.- 

174 THE CANADIAN ENECMOLOGIST. 
Length, 12-14 mm. ; length of the antenne, 4 mm. ; length of the 
abdomen, 8 mm.; length of the last abdominal segment and the for- 
ceps, 2 mm. 
Habitat: Kentucky (Packard), District of Columbia (Nathan Banks). 
JAPyx AMERICANUS, 5p. NOV. 
Head transverse, broader than long. Antenne twenty-four jointed, 
segments one to five cylindrical, subequal ; the following segments thicker, 
spherical. Prothorax nearly as broad as the head, concave in front. 
Abdomen gradually broader behind, segments immaculate. Segments 
one to six rounded in the sides behind; the seventh emarginate behind, 
posterior angles produced into stout spines, pointing inward; the eighth 
segment equal to the seventh, subequal to the sixth, very slightly emargi- 
nate behind, posterior angles slightly produced, not spinate; ninth 
segment one-fourth the length of the eighth, posterior angles slightly pro- 
duced ; tenth segment and forceps subequal in length, together equal to 
the four preceding segments. Right arm of the forceps scarcely broader 
than the left, with two large tubercles on the inner margin, one just be- 
fore the middle and the other beyond it; in front of the larger tubercle 
the inner margin is convex with five smaller equidistant tubercles, 
between the larger tubercles the inner margin is straight with six equi- 
distant tubercles, beyond the last tubercle the inner margin is concave 
with many small tubercles. ‘The left arm is broadest at base, gradually 
tapering to the apex; at one-third of the length from the base on the 
inner margin there is a large tooth, in front of and adjacent to this tooth 
are three smaller tubercles, which are as large as the larger tubercles 
of the right arm and with their apices broadly rounding ; beyond the 
tooth the inner margin is convex with nine feebly marked tubercles, 
giving a crenulated appearance ; beyond these tubercles the inner margin 
is simple. 
Length, 14 mm. ; length of the antenne, 5 mm. ; length of the abdo- 
men, ro mm. ; length of the last abdominal segment and forreps, 3 mm. 
Habitat : Olympia, Washington State. 
For the discovery of this interesting species science is indebted to Mr. 
Trevor Kincaid, of Olympia, Washington. 
A third species of /apyx has been described from Mexico. It can be 
distinguished by its longer antennie, consisting of from forty-five to forty- 
eight segments. 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 175 
A NEW ASILID GENUS RELATED TO ERAX. 
BY D. W. COQUILLETT, LOS ANGELES, CAL. 
Among the species heretofore referred to the genus Erax is a small 
group in which the first submarginal cell is divided by an oblique cross 
vein into two cells. The venation is similar to that of the genus 
Promachus, except that the foremost of the two apical submarginal cells 
is shorter, and the third vein curves forward to the costa before the apex 
of the wing, instead of curving backward to the hind margin beyond the 
apex. The examination of quite a large series of specimens belonging to 
this group proves that the characters above mentioned are constant, and 
as the genus #rax already contains a large number of species, it 1s 
desirable to separate as a new genus those species possessing these 
characters. For this group I propose the name #ffer/a, and would 
further characterize the genus as follows :— 
Efferia, n. gen.—Third joint of antenne provided with a distinct 
naked, terminal style ; wings having three submarginal and five posterior 
ceils, the marginal, fourth posterior and anal cells closed ; third vein 
terminating in the costa before the tip of the wing ; front tibiz destitute 
of a claw at the apex ; ovipositor of the female compressed and destitute 
of a circlet of spines at the tip. 
Two spécies belonging to this group have been described from North 
America: anomadis, Bellardi (Saggio, II., 32) and comp/etus, Macquart 
(Dipt. Exot. 1,2, 117). The last-named species has not been identified. 
My collection contains three apparently undescribed species, which, with 
anomadis, may be separated as follows :— 
1.—Thorax destitute of a median longitudinal crest of nearly erect 
| 
hairs . ane EER Oar t e E Ce PIE ha rane 
Thorax, provided ath eh a crest; bristles of the palpi 
black. . ae , te aes .rava, i. Sp. 
2.—Bristles a oat mystax al soutellien Sates tad Sy Teac ogee 
Bristles of palpi, scutellum, occiput above, anes sevel cal in lower 
part of mystax, black. ae .......anomatlis, Bell. 
3.—Abdomen silvery-white Paltncss, aoe neath rather long white pile 
parted inthe middle and directed outward. ......candida, n. Sp. 
Abdomen grayish-brown pollinose, and not with pile as above 
RESCUE Cie Man My crs ks ox <add aS uae beso teen aEAGeSas Oe aS ]Ps 
Lifferia pernicis, n.sp., &. Black, the base of the tibize red. Pile and 
bristles of entire head yellowish-white, the pollen yellow. First antennal 

176 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
joint nearly twice as long as the second and slightly longer than the third, 
style two and a-half times as long as the third joint. Pile of prothorax 
long, white, that of mesothorax very short, sparse, black, not forming a 
crest, that on the posterior part longer and partly white; dorsal stripes 
and spots indistinct, grayish-black ; pile of pleura, legs and scutellum 
white, that on the abdomen short, sparse, not parted in the middle where 
it is largely black, elsewhere white ; pollen of abdomen nearly uniform 
grayish-brown. Inner side of the front and hind tibiz next the tips, and 
the under side of their first two tarsal joints, densely beset with rather 
short golden-yellow pile. Halteres pale brown. Wings hyaline, small cross- 
vein at middle of the discal cell, base of third submarginal cell at last third 
to sixth of distance between small cross-vein and apex of discal cell; costa 
not enlarged. Hypopygium shining black, but slightly wider near the 
apex than at the base, equal in length to the fifth and sixth abdominal 
segments united, its pile white, more dense below at the base. 
? same as the ¢,except the genitalia; ovipositor slightly longer than 
the fifth, sixth and seventh abdominal segments taken.together. 
Length, 20 to 24 mm. Los Angeles and San Diego Counties, Cal. 
Two males and two females. 
Efferia rava. n. sp.— @. Same as pernicis, with these exceptions : 
Bristles of front, of upper part of occiput, on under side of antenne, in 
lower part of mystax, and those of the palpi, black. Thorax with a 
median crest of rather long and nearly black hairs ; the fan-like row of 
hairs in front of the halteres mostly black, pile of scutellum also black. 
Ovipositor but slightly longer than the sixth and seventh abdominal seg- 
ments. Wings yellowish-hyaline. 
Texas. <A single female (Morrison). 
Efferia candida, n. sp., &. Black, bases of tibie red. Pile and 
bristles of entire head white, a few bristles of the occiput sometimes black, 
pollen of head silvery-white. Pile of thorax short, sparse, black, not 
forming a crest, that behind and on the prothorax longer and mostly 
white ; stripes and spots of thorax distinct, black. Pile of pleura, legs, 
scutellum and abdomen white, that on the abdomen rather long, parted in 
the middle and directed outwardly ; abdomen nearly uniformly silvery- 
white pollinose, destitute of black spots; hypopygium shining black, 
but slightly wider near the apex than at base, slightly longer than the fifth 
and sixth abdominal segments taken together, its pile white. Front and 
hind tibiae within next the tips, and under sides of their first two tarsal 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. eer 
joints densely short golden-yellow pilose. Wings hyaline, small cross- 
vein at middle of discal cell, base of third submarginal cell at last fifth of 
distance between small cross-vein and apex of discal cell ; costa not en- 
larged. On the anterior part of the second abdominal segment are many 
rather large, transversely-elliptical punctures, and similar punctures also 
occur on some of the other segments. Antenne similar in structure to 
those of pernicis. 
@ same as the ¢, except that the pollen of the abdomen is darker, 
and the pile is shorter and sparser ; ovipositor as long as the fifth, sixth 
and seventh abdominal segments taken together. 
Length, 20 to. 25 mm. Los Angeles County, Cal. Six males and 
four females. 
NOTES ON COLLECTING SOME OF THE SMALLER SESIIAD4E 
IN THE, LONDON (ENGLAND) DISTRICT. 
The one most commonly met with is S. ¢épuliformis, and is to be 
found sunning itself on the leaves of the currant bushes at the time when 
the fruit is about two-thirds grown, and on a bright sunny morning about 
to o’clock, or afternoon about 4 o’clock, one can easily take from six to 
twelve in one or two hours. Once I ‘ound them assembling, and took 
some thirty or forty in a very short time. It is a little difficult to procure 
the larve, as they feed in the two-year-old wood, and, as this is the fruit- 
producing part, it is better not to cut it while the owner is about, and when 
you can cut, I have found so many blanks that the bushes have suffered 
more than the gain warranted. 
The next species commonly met with is our red-banded one, 
S. myopaeformis, feeding in the bark of apple trees (about six feet from 
the ground), and can generally be found in gardens where Zipuliformis 
is found. I have never seen this moth at rest, and though one can gener- 
ally count on taking several in a morning, one must watch the trunks of 
the trees and find them flying round and round, evidently for depositing 
eggs ; cutting out the larve without doing much damage to the tree is 
hard, as they feed just under the bark. 
Our next commonest one is SS. cu/iciformis. For this we must go 
to the woods where birch is common; so, taking the train down to 
Croydon, ten miles (about the end of April), a two-mile walk brings us to 
West Wickham Wood, one of our best in the South London district. We 
go through it till we find a part which was cut down two winters back ; 

178 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
here, having found some nice looking birch stumps with frass showing, 
we set to work with a saw to saw off the sides, and so find we have 
secured one or two larvze or pup, and in a good afternoon’s work may 
perhaps obtain twenty. These we take home and put on wet moss to 
prevent drying up, and with care yay in about six weeks breed a good 
many. I have found putting them under a bell glass a good way. I have 
never taken this insect on the wing. 
The next, S. formicaeformis, with its pretty claret-coloured wings, 
we find flying in the sun along the sides of the roads which intersect 
our osier beds in the Mitcham district (about eight miles out). This 
species seems on the wing all the day, and fifteen or twenty is a fair catch. 
The larvee can be cut out of the osiers about April, but it is very risky, as 
the basket makers have a decided objection to their osiers being cut. 
S. chrysidiformis, the handsomest of all our smaller Sesiiadze, with its 
bright scarlet wings, was, until some twelve vears ago, most rare, fetching 
as much as two and three pounds per pair, but about that time they found 
out how to take the larve. Starting from the London Bridge station, on 
the S. E. R., we take tickets for Folkestone (town station). Arriving 
there after about two and a-half hours’ run, we turn towards the Warren 
(a sort of undercliff running along the shore for about three miles), and 
after a mile’s walk we get on to the slopes closest to the sea. Having 
brought a good, sharp, two-inch chisel with us, we look round for roots of 
dock and sorrel; the former we find are very scarce, having been cleared 
off by collectors; the latter, however, are still common, and having 
selected a good strong one dig it up, and scraping part of the root away 
see signs of workings. We put the root into a small sack we have provided 
and then search for more. In the course of a day we get a nice lot 
together, and upon our arrival home plant them into boxes. Asit is only 
April, and the imago will not be out till June, there is now nothing else 
to do but to keep them watered and cover over with muslin till about 
the end of May. One year, from three days’ work in Folkestone Warren, 
I bred about 150 fine imagos. 
S. cynipiformis, feeding in oak, is said to occur in Hyde Park, but I 
have never been able to find it there. However, I have obtained the 
larvee commonly at Tilgate in early May by finding the trunks of large 
oaks which have been cut down two winters previous, then ripping off the 
bark the larve are found feeding in it. In England the trees are cut off 
only four or five inches from the ground, and the moths seem to prefer 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 179 
these to the growing tree. There, however, appears plenty of sap to 
support the larvee till full grown. ‘The only trouble, having got the larve, 
is to prevent drying up till time of emergence. 
S. tchneumoniformis. have never bred and have only taken it very 
sparingly by sweeping the herbage along the edge of cliff at Eastbourne 
and Ramsgate. ‘The most I ever took in a day was five. 
S. sphegiformis (one of our rarest ones, which is taken every year), 
has to be cut out of the alder. About March we take train for Three- 
Bridges Station, thirty miles out on the Brighton line. Arriving there we 
are soon on the ground and examining the alder stems from one to 
four inches thick. When we find workings which would denote larve in 
the second year,.we saw off just below and then again about eighteen 
inches higher, and if very lucky we may get from ten to thirty sticks in a 
day. These have to be kept on moist moss in tin boxes till the middle 
of June, when the moth appears. Having a nice @ quite fresh, we are 
off by the first train, and having put her in a collar box with muslin on 
each side, we nang it to a bough and sit down and wait events. Perhaps 
nothing for the first half hour, but what is that buzzing in front of the box? 
We get up quickly and see it isa fine ¢. We need no net; he is so in- 
tent that we hoid our bottle just behind him and bottle him on the wing. 
By this means I took twenty-three in one day. ‘The curious part is, I 
never saw them coming until they were quite at the box hovering, and 
also that an insect so quick on the wing should not fly off, even when the 
bottle is as it were all round it and only the cork to put on. 
S. scoliaeformis was taken out of birch fairly commonly at Llangollen, 
Wales, some twenty years back, but was quite worked out then, and for 
some fifteen years no one had taken it. However, last year in Scotland 
I hear it has been taken fairly commonly. 
S. philantiformis was added to our list only some ten years back. It 
was found by accident feeding in the common thrift on the sea coast in 
the west of England, but I have never taken it. 
S. vespiformis and S. andreniformis, the two remaining of our smaller 
Sesiiade, are of the greatest rarity, and have only been taken singly. 
Regarding Zzpudiformis, in 1874 and 1875 I took and saw several in 
Mr. B. Gibb’s garden, St. Catharine street, Montreal, among the currant 
bushes, and I should think it would be found in any of our old town 
gardens now. 
LACHLAN GIBB. 

180 THE GANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
A - SUGGESTION AS TO.THE IDENTITY OF CYCNIX DUBIA 
WALKER. 
BY HARRISON G. DYAR, ROXBURY, MASS. 
In Vol. XXII., p. 120, of Can. Ent., Prof. Smith cails attention to the 
fact that the above name awaits identification, and says: “ ‘There should 
be no difficulty in identifying this species, should it turn up.” The moth 
was described by Walker as Cycnia, referred by Grote and Robinson to 
Phragmatobia, and lastly by Kirby to Estigmene (= Leucarctia). It has 
occurred to me that this form has already been turned up, and by Mr. 
Bruce, as described in Entom. Amer., Vol. ILI., p. 140, where it was 
shown to be a form of Sfrlosoma virginica. Compare the following 
descriptions :— 
1. By Walker. “Female. Pale brown. Antenne and legs with 
whitish tomentum. Thorax fawn colour, whitish behind. Abdomen some- 
what ferruginous, with three stripes of black spots. Wings with two 
oblique, incomplete, indistinct, brown bands, composed of blackish spots. 
Forewings with whitish veins. Length of body, 5 lines; of wings, 16 
lines. Hudson’s Bay.” 
2. By G. & R. “ Wings semi-translucent, brown or mouse colour ; 
veins on both wings whitish above ; eyes margined narrowly with white ; 
legs shaded with whitish outwardly ; abdomen with three rows of brown 
spots.” 
3. By Bruce. ‘“ Head, body and legs sooty brown, small black dorsal 
spots on body; all the wings brownish mouse colour. The veins on fore- 
wings distinctly white.” 
Mr. Bruce adds :—‘“ If my friend had not preserved the eggs, and I 
had not reared the larvee, this would certainly have been named as a new 
species, and would have been a standing puzzle to entomologists.” If my 
surmise be correct, this has taken place. 
C. dubia may be provisionally referred as follows :— 
SPILOSOMA VIRGINICA, Fabr. 
var. DUBIA, Walk. 
1856—Walk., C. B. Mus., III., 682, Cycnza. 
1868—G. & R., Tr. Am. Ent., Sc., IL, 72, Phragmatobia. 
1887—Bruce, Ent. Amer., IIL, 140, Spz/osoma. 
18go—Smith, Can. Ent., XXIL, 120, Fhragmatobia. 
1892—Kirby, Cat. Lep. Het., I., 227, Astigmene. 

] 
: 
‘ 
4 
; 
] 
: 
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 181 
A NEW LAC-INSECT FROM JAMAICA. 
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, LAS CRUCES, NEW MEXICO. 
The lac-producing Coccide are usually referred to the genus Carteria, 
Signoret, but as this name is pre-occupied in Protozoa, Signoret (Bull. 
Soc. Ent. Fr., 1886) substituted for it the term Zachardia. The known 
species referable to this genus are five, namely :— 
1. Zachardia lacca (Kerr.) India, on 43 species of plants of 18 natural 
orders (Watt, Dict. Econ. Prod. India, II., 1889, p. 409-412) ; British 
Guiana, on Erythroxylon ( Timehri, Dec. 1890, p. 308). 
2. Tachardia larree (Comst.), Arizona, on Larrea. (Rep. U.S. Dept. 
Agr., 1882). 
3. Lachardia mexicana (Comst.), Tampico, Mexico, on A/imosa. 
(Rep. U. S. Dept. Agr., 1882). 
4. Lachardia melaleuce (Maskell), Australia, on AZe/aleuca, &c. (Tr. 
WZ. Enst’, 1391). 
5. Zachardia acacie (Maskell), Australia, on Acacia. (Tr. N. Z. 
Inst., 1891). 
To these may now be added a sixth, as follows :— 
6. Zachardia gemmifera,n. sp.. Kingston, Jamaica, on Chrysobalanus 
tcaco, Linn. 
Some months ago, Mr. H. Vendryes directed my attention to a Coccid 
which was damaging a Coco Plum in his garden, and kindly gave me 
some twigs with many scales upon them. ‘These were evidently referable 
to a new Zachardia, which I call gemmiéfera, on account of the ruby-like 
prominence on the dorsum of the scale. The female scales (if the cover- 
ing of lac can properly be so called) are subglobular, shiny, crimson- 
black, with a crimson ruby-like prominence on the centre of the back, 
best seen in somewhat immature examples. There are also one or two 
dorso-lateral prominences, more or less obscure. Sides with 4 or 5 keel- 
like folds. ‘There is a conspicuous subdorsal aperture. 
Length of scale, 5 mill. ; diam., 5 mill. ; alt., about 4 mill. 
The scales are extremely hard, but will fracture if sufficiently pressed ; 
sides of scale crimson by transmitted light. 
The lac when heated melts to a substance about the colour of guava 
jelly, which turns crimson on the application of caustic soda: this 
colour-change is most marked. 
The femadze is very broad oval, almost circular, posteriorly bluntly 
angled. On breaking open a scale, it is seen not to be completely filled 

182 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
by the body of the female. In the cavity, besides the ?, is a quantity of 
white secretion, breaking into short strap-shaped fragments. None of this 
appears externally. There are also more hair-like white fragments, some 
of which may be seen protruding from the produced tubular organs, This 
white secretion is no doubt analogous to the ovisac, as in it I found larvee. 
The made scave is cylindrical, rather over 1 mill. long, dull dark 
crimson. ‘There is an anterior dorsal ridge, leading to a mid-dorsal 
swelling. Hind end truncate. Front end with a largle hole, where the ¢ 
has escaped; or, when the ¢ has not escaped, this is covered by a flat 
lid or cap. 
The Zarve, as observed in numbers on the bark of the twig, are 
crimson, elongate, with the segmentation distinct ; sides with a longitu- 
dinal furrow. Caudal hairs about 23 length of body, free from secretion. 
These hairs arise some distance apart, and immediately caudad of each is 
a small elongated process or tubercle ; between these, and terminating 
the body, is a short, white, opaque caudal stylus, which is distinctly bifid, 
and no doubt consists of the anal hairs covered by secretion. ‘This 
arrangement is suggestive of Dactylopius. 
The last joint of each antenna bears two long hairs, longer than the 
whole antenna ; this is also the case with the larva of Maskell’s Carteria 
melaleuce. ’ 
The claws have short knobbed digitules ; and the tarsus presents the 
usual pair of knobbed hairs, which are very long. The tibia seems quite 
as long as the femur, and the tarsus is vevy little shorter than the tibia. 
There are some short stiff hairs about the base of the legs. 
Maskell remarks (Indian Mus. Notes, Vol. II., No. 1, p. 62), on the 
almost invariable rule that in larval Coccidz the tarsus is longer than the 
tibia. This, however, is not the casein Erischiton cajani, Mask. ; and a 
further exception is presented by Zachardia, in which, at least in Z. gem- 
mifera and T. melaleuce, the tibia of the larva is slightly longer than the 
tarsus. 
On placing some of the 2 scales in soda, I found fragments of a 
Chalcidid parasite, which seems to belong to the genus Aphycus. The 
antenne present the following characters: Scape long, with an apparent 
false joint near its base, its upper part zoned with brown ; pedicel about 
twice as long as broad; the following 6 joints moniliform, increasing 
regularly in size, the first three joined together, the last three more 
separated and bearing whorls of hairs. Club large, brown (the joint just 
~ 
SS mp eet 

~ Sa aa aaa... 
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 183 
before it is colourless), and consisting of three joints. The middle tibia 
has two brown zones, and a large thick spur. The ovipositor projects 
but slightly beyond the abdomen, and bears on each side of its tip a small 
brush of hairs. 
Tachardia gemmifera must, I think, be regarded as an injurious insect, 
since it affects the Coco Plum rather seriously. The lac is so small in 
quantity that it would probably not pay to collect and prepare it. 
Institute of Jamaica, Kingston, 
Jamaica, Dec. 27, 1892. 
NOTES ON TAXONUS NIGRISOMA AND T. DUBITATUS. 
BY J. G. JACK, JAMAICA PLAIN, MASS. 
The following notes of observations of some stages of these two little 
saw-flies are fragmentary and incomplete, but they are now given as they 
may be of some assistance to others working upon this group of insects. 
Taxonus nigrisoma, Nort., Larva.—The fully grown larva is cylindri- 
cal, and 1o to 12 millimeters long. It is of a pale green colour above, 
very slightly darker towards the sides above the spiracles, the spiracle 
line being marked by very minute dark dots one to each segment ; and 
the under side (including the abdomina! or prop legs) is of a dull whitish 
colour. 
The upper part of the head is dark brown, shading from pale brown 
to whitish on the face and whitish beneath. ° 
The eyes are black and prominent ; antennz small, six-jointed and 
light brownish coloured ; and the mouth parts dark. 
The thoracic legs are of a dull white colour, generally bearing more or 
less easily distinguishable narrow smoky brown or dark markings on the 
outer side of the apical segments, the strong, simple, terminal claws 
usually having a dark brown or black tip. 
When they ceased feeding at full growth the larvae abandoned the 
leaves of their food plant, which was Polygonum Muhlenbergii, Watson, 
and prepared for pupating by boring into the green stems of the food 
plant or sometimes into some such substance as partially decayed wood 
if it happened to be in the vicinity. In these burrows pupation takes 
place without the formation of any cocoon. The pupa is uniformly 
yellowish-white in colour, the dark eyes showing prominently. 
Within a week or two after entering their burrows the insects emerge 
as saw-flies, Both larve and pupw were yery much parasitized by 

184 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 
Pimpla pterelas, Say, of which species I have bred both the males and 
females, the latter being by far the most abundant. 
Apparently, the male imago of Zaxonus nigrisoma has not been 
described, but it does not differ from the female in general appearance, 
except by its much smaller size. 
Collected and observed in the Arnold Arboretum, at Jamaica Plain, 
Mass., in June, 1890: the saw-flies noted as emerging from the stems of 
the Polygonum about June 30 and some days later. For the determina- 
tion of the food plant I am indebted to Prof. William Trelease. 
Taxonus dubitatus, Nort. The larvie of this species are of a light 
grass-green colour, so that it is not an easy matter to detect them when 
resting on the fronds of the Sensitive Fern (Oxoclea sensibilis) upon which 
they feed. I have bred the saw-flies from the larvee, but made no critical 
notes as to peculiar markings, if any exist. There are certainly no spots 
or markings Jarge enough to be noticeable by a casual look, the whole 
effect being green. 
The saw-tlies of this species appear as early as the latter part of May 
and the beginning of June, and are also very abundant about the fern 
early in July, so that there must be at least two, and possibly more, 
broods. ‘The males were seen in greatest abundance. 
When at rest both males and females fold their legs and antenne, and 
drop to the ground on very slight alarm. 
Collected and observed at Jamaica Plain, Mass., in 18go. 
NOTE ON COPIMAMESTRA AND EULEPIDOTIS. 
BY A. R. GROTE, A. M., BREMEN, GERMANY. 
In discovering a North American representative ot the European 
Brassice, | proposed for this latter and our Occédentis the generic ttle 
Copimamestra, based on the tibial claw. In the Philadelphia List the 
term Barathra is resuscitated out of Htibner’s Verzeichniss, p. 218, for 
the genus, but incorrectly. Hubner refers two species, Brassice and 
Albico/or, to his genus, and I was free to use for one of them the new 
term. I need not state that Hubner took no note of the structure of 
Brassice, and that AZdicolor differs structurally. I must therefore insist 
that Copimamestra be used for the two species Brassice and Oceidentis 
under the laws of scientific nomenclature. 
In the Canapian Enromotocist, when discussing Hubner’s figures 
of North American Noctuide in the Zutraege, I drew attention to his 

: 
; 
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 185 
illustration of Eu/epidotis alabastraria, figs. 311, 312, which he states 
to be from Savannah, Georgia, l. c. 22. It is probable that the locality 
is incorrect, and that this species is not found in North America. I have 
identified it in the Bremen Museum from South America. The insect is 
not a Geometrid, but belongs to Guenée’s genus Fadindia, and is 
described in the Spec. Gen., VI., 275, from Brazil. It seems, therefore, 
likely that Hubner’s locality is incorrect, while Guenée makes no note 
upon the subject. 
DESCRIPTIONS OF CERTAIN LEPIDOPTEROUS LARV. 
BY HARRISON G. DYAR. 
(Continued from page 160. ) 
Tchthyura vau Fitch. 
Fgg.—The colour of the unhatched eggs is deep purplish-pink, pale 
around the bottom ; slightly shining. 
First stage-—Head bilobed, bearing a few hairs; shining black ; 
width .45 mm. Dorsum broadly bluish-white, except the black 
cervical shield and anal plate and joints 5 and 12, which latter 
are hardly enlarged, coloured vinous-brown. Whole lateral area 
also brown but paler, and broken into patches. Feet black out- 
wardly. Hair fine, very long laterally, pale, darker dorsally, arising 
singly from black conical tubercles with the normal arrangement. The 
body is minutely dotted with brown (under a half-inch objective) and 
there are no hairs present except those from the tubercles. The hairs are 
simple, not glandular nor branched. The cervical shield is elongated 
transversely, with a central constriction. 
Second stage-—Head bilobed, median suture deep at vertex but 
shallow in front ; head flattened before, slightly wider than high. Colour, 
shining black, with some hairs ; width 7 mm. Body flattened, wider than 
high, the dorsal region pale yellow, with the tubercles of rows 1 and 2 
darker yellow and three narrow brown lines. The enlarged dorsal por- 
tion of joints 5 and 12 and the whole lateral area is deep vinous-brown. 
Cervical shield and anal plate blackish, but not so distinct and corneous 
as before. From the tubercles arise singly long hairs, and many others 
arise from little elevations on the body ; but these are much shorter. 
[We regret that the above note, completing the description, did not 
reach us in time for insertion in its proper place in the June number.— 
Ep. C. E.] 

L386 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
CORRESPONDENCE. 
HEPIALUS 4—GUTTATUS. 
Sir: The statement on page 125 of Can. Env. for May, that ¢-guttatus 
is a synonym of the typical argenteomacu/atus, is incorrect. The type 
form of the latter is the smaller not pinkish form, and is the argenteo- 
maculata of the Reports on Ins. Inj. to Vegetation. The form ¢-guttatus 
is apparently that figured in ‘Lake Superior” by Agassiz. So far as I 
am able to judge from the short description, in which the colour seems 
to coincide with 4-guftatus, the writers have apparently redescribed my 
g-guttatus. A. R. GROTE. 
ARGYNNIS ASTARTE. 
Sir; It may interest your readers to know that Argynnis astarte 
= Victoria, W. H. Edw., Can. ENtT., XXIIL, 198, fide Strecker, Ent. 
News, Nov., 182, p. 218) Double-Hew., which was rediscovered last year 
by Mr. Bean in the Rocky Mountains near Laggan, is, as far as I can 
judge from the single specimen he has been good enough to send me, a 
very near ally, and perhaps not separable from A. amphilochus of 
Menetries, a species which appears to be either very rare or very local near 
the head waters of the Amur river in Siberia. My specimen is smaller 
and paler than AmpAzlochus, but every marking seems to be identical in 
position. It is quite probable that when the northern extension of the 
Rocky Mountains has been explored, this species will be found at lower 
elevations, as I learn from Mr. Bean that he took it at 8,500 feet. 
W. J. Etwes, Colesborne, Andoverstord, Gloucestershire, England. 
P. S.—I may add that I have still spare copies of my revisions of the 
genera Argyunis and Frebia, which I shall be gladto send to anyone who 
wants them in Canada or the States. 
LITHOPHANE ORIUNDA. 
Sir,—On the 24th of Sept., 1892, I found, in the vicinity of London, 
a moth new to me. It was resting in an upright position, on the stalk of 
a weed, quite fresh, as if it had but recently emerged. Its thoracic crest 
and tufts stood out conspicuously, which, with its gracefully curved and 
pointed wings, at once suggested a Lithophane; but its colour and mark- 
ings were so different from what I had been accustomed to in that genus, 
that I hesitated to decide upon it as such. 
In November I sent it with other material to Prof. J. B. Smith for 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 187 
identification. He pronounced it to be a Xyéiza without doubt, but 
retained it for further investigation. On the 6th of March, 1893, I 
received a letter from him conveying what was to me the gratifying infor- 
mation. that it had proved to be X. ovéunda, on comparison with a typical 
specimen in the U.S. National Museum. I had long desired to obtain a 
specimen of Ordunda, and made inquiries for it of those with whom I 
exchanged, but none of my correspondents had ever met with it. Zztho- 
phanes have been one of my favourites, and my interest in this one was 
specially awakened by reading in the CanapiaN ENTomotocist, Vol. 7, 
p. 188, a quotation made by Mr. Grote from a letter received by him 
from Mr. Norman, where, after giving the names of the Lithophanes he 
had taken at Orillia, he adds, “and that lovely Orzunda a single speci- 
men,” that quotation constituting the whole of my knowledge of the 
insect until recently. 
The original description by Mr. Grote is to be found in the Bulletin 
of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences, Vol. 2, p. 160, which I copy 
in full for the benefit of those of your readers who may not have the vol- 
ume to refer to :— 
“ LITHOPHANE OrIUNDA, Grote. Allied to Z. Lethunez, and belong- 
ing to the typical group of the genus. Distinct, intense. even, somewhat 
purpiy-brown. Forewings concolorous, with the costal edge shaded with 
whitish to the t. p. Hine, and interrupted by oblique brown streaks indicat- 
ing the transverse lines. Reniform and orbicular spots more or less 
shaded with whitish, shaped as in Z. Bethunez. Claviform distinctly out- 
lined in black, large. Subterminal line alone distinctly indicated by pale 
points. The median dentate lines more or less lost in the ground colour. 
Veins terminally indistinctly black marked opposite pale dots on the 
brown dentate fringes. Secondaries dark fuscous, with a warmer shade 
on the fringes. Beneath paler, shaded with reddish, with a distinct dis- 
cal spot on the paler hind-wings and a common line. On the primaries 
the pale costal dots are evident on both surfaces. Expanse, 34 m.m. 
Canada, Mr. Wm. Saunders, No. 960. 
“Colour like Z. ferreadis, but darker, with the subterminal line more 
even, the orbicular smaller, and the costal discoloration paler and more 
distinctly contrasted and limited.” 
This description is dated Sept., 1874. 
No mention is made of the number of specimens ithe description is 
taken from, and Prof. Saunders does not now recollect the number of 
specimens captured by him, but knows that they were but few; perhaps 
not more than three. It would be very interesting if the number of speci- 

188 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
mens to be found in collections could be known. So far as my inform- 
ation goes, it stl remains an exclusively Canadian species. 
J. Atston Morrar. 
UNIDENTIFIED BOMBYCIDS. 
Sir Concerning Prof. Smith’s note on page 164 of June Can. Enr., 
it is, perhaps, unprofitable to enter into a discussion as to whether the 
generic names from Hubner’s Tentamen should be adopted or not ; but, 
as far as our Bombyces are concerned, there are only four of these names 
with which we have to do. They are: (1) Wycteo/a, Hubn., for Sarrothripus, 
Curt.; (2) Hypercompa, Hubn., for Zoote, Hubn. (Verz.), for Luprepia 
caja, 1ann.; (3) Dasychira, Hubn., for Dasychira, Steph.; (4) MJelalopha, 
Hubn., for 7cithyura, Hubn., (Verz.). The third of these introduces 
only a change in the name of the author ; Aafrepza cannot stand for casa 
anyway, since it must be used for the species of ‘‘ Arctia” according to 
Mr. Kirby’s method of fixing types, which seems eminently proper. The 
name 4rctia, Schrank, has for its type 4. viddica, Linn., replacing Zpz- 
callia, Hubn. Our species, &. vrginalis, by the way, is not congeneric 
with 4. vildica, nor with C. dominula, as Kirby puts it; but it seems 
hazardous to charge it till the European genera have been revised. If 
we discard /Zypfercompa (Hubn., Tent ), for ca7a, the name Zoote (Hubn., 
Verz.), comes next in order. Thus there are only two of the Tentamen 
names which supplant names now in use, and only one which supplanis a 
name by a different author. It seems to us more satisfactory to adopt these 
names and end controversy about them, especially as they have been 
adopted by Kirby in his work where the Bombyces of the world are brought 
together in a uniform system. We dislike to depart from this standard 
without conclusive reason. HARRISON G. Dyar. 
AGASSIZ ASSOCIATION. 
Sir,—The Henry Edwards Entomological Corresponding Chapter of 
the Agassiz Association invites entomological students who read this 
notice to join its ranks. Members are expected to keep each other in- 
formed of the progress of their work in special lines of study, and to 
contribute to the published reports. During the winter one or more 
courses in Elementary Entomology will be conducted. ‘The initiation fee 
is 50 cents. For further particulars, address the Secretary, 
Wituiam L. W. Fie_p, Guilford, Conn., 
(After Oct. 1, Milton, Mass.) 
Mailed July 7th, 



893. No. 8. 
SOME INTERESTING COLOUR-VARIETIES IN THE GENUS 
CROSSIDIUS: 
BY H. F. WICKHAM, IOWA CITY, IOWA. 
While engaged in the re-arrangement of some boxes of Cerambycidz 
recently, the peculiar modifications of the ordinarily very simple pattern 
of coloration in the genus Crosszdius brought about the desire to see to 
what extent and under what circumstances certain of these modifications 
were carried on or existent. The results of the studies ensuing thereupon 
are presented in the present paper. 
The pattern which may be regarded as the typical one, and upon 
which all the others are built, either by simple addition or subtraction, is as 
follows :—Head black, thorax black with yellow side margins, elytra yel- 
low with the humeri and a large elongate common sutural spot black. I 
do not wish it understood, however, that this is to be regarded as the 
original pattern from which the others have been evolved through the 
processes of natural or sexual selection—only as a common plan of 
coloration, and one which forms a convenient standard of comparison. 
In habit the beetles are diurnal, frequenting flowers of golden-rod and 
other yellow-flowered Composite, more especially in the arid regions of 
the United States and southward. In our faunal limits the genus is found 
from Montana and Oregon to Texas and Southern California, spreading 
over a vast extent of territory, and one of great differences in climatic 
and atmospheric, as well as ot geologic characters. Under these cir- 
cumstances we might well expect to find the genus composed of either 
many more or less closely allied species, or one or few very variable ones. 
My own experience goes to show that, in this group, those species of 
wide distribution offer many interesting variations, and to bring some of 
these before the reader I have prepared the accompanying plate, wherein 
the body and antenne of the insects are represented in a conventional 
manner, and all accuracy of delineation confined to the points under dis- 
cussion—the elytral pattern. 

190 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
That the yellow ground colour of most of the species 1s of protective 
value, and that the black markings aid in this object by breaking the con- 
tinuity of outline, I think no one will contradict who has seen these insects 
in their natural homes, whether he be a believer in any of the theories 
advanced to account for this phenomenon or not. That the variation 
within specific limits is also very great will not be denied by one who has 
seen cabinet series from various parts of the country ; but the meaning 
of this variation and its co-relations, if such there be, with the multitudin- 
ous incidents of food, size, habitat, altitude, temperature and moisture, 
are not to be made out at a sitting, but will take years of thought and 
labour to demonstrate. The few facts, for the bringing forward of which 
the present paper was written, may none the Jess serve a useful purpose 
in aiding those whose investigations are of a parallel nature to keep a 
sort of check on their own investigations, or to find that the work of 
others may help to bear out the conclusions arrived at in their own. 
The figures a to 7 of the accompanying plate represent some of the 
forms shown by Crossidius pulchel/us trom southern localities. It will be 
noticed that the lightest forms, # and z, are both males, while the darkest, 
c, @ and e, are females ; the male shown at 7 is, however, darker than the 
females shown at a and 4, the pattern resembling more closely that of, g, 
though the males with fusiform sutural blotch, 2 and 7, are lighter than 
the correspondingly marked females a and 2, this is true also of the male 
with shield-shaped spot /7), and its corresponding females, c, @ e, / 
and g. The females, among themselves, show an increase in comparative 
size of the dark spot with decrease in actual size of the insect, as will be 
seen by comparisons of the hair-lines indicating the length of each speci- 
men figured. ‘The inference to be drawn here is that the female tends to 
the possession of increase of black markings over those of the male, and 
that the smaller specimens are likely to be darker than the larger. 
Figures g, 7, s and ¢ are of specimens which have been referred to 
C. hirtipes, but which I am inclined to consider simply a small form of 
C. pulchellus, sce they do not agree with the description of the former 
species. These are all females, and do not bear out well the conclusion 
which would seemingly be justified by the preceding series that the small 
specimens are darkest, since 7 is a lighter form than the larger s. At? is 
shown a curiously marked specimen in which the humeral spot is pro- 
jonged backward, connecting with the sutural mark at what is, in most 
specimens, its antero-lateral angle. This may be compared with fig. e 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 191 
where a somewhat similar conjunction is brought about, not so much by 
the prolongation of the humeral spot as by the extension forward of the 
sutural patch. 
Figure & represents a form of coloration sometimes seen in the male 
of C. longipennis, Casey, of which species a series of fifty specimens, all 
from Albuquerque, New Mexico, lies before me. Of these only two of 
the males are so heavily marked with black as the figure, while all but two 
of the females are darker, the majority tending towards a (but lacking the 
humeral spot), while one is almost as dark as g. In this species, as in 
pulchellus, the females are the more heavily marked with black, but the 
size of my specimens is so constant that no correlation can be traced 
between size and colour. It may be worthy of remark, however, that the 
specific pattern of coloration involves much less black than that of 
C. pulchellus, while the actual size of the insect averages much greater— 
an indication of a tendency in large species in this genus to become light- 
coloured as well as large individuals of some of the species. 
At Z is shown a specimen of C. éntermedius, which will illustrate the 
pattern of coloration of.the only specimen I possess. It differs from most 
of its congeners in having pale legs and antenne, and inhabits the drier 
portions of the southern plains in the same localities, and with the same 
habits,as C. pulchel/us, though the range is probably much less extended. 
C. nitidicollis, Casey, is represented by figures m and x, and is found 
in the neighborhood of Tucson, Arizona, and on the foothills of the 
mountains near by. It will be noticed that the male shows very little 
black, while the female is quite dark, almost exactly resembling fig. f of 
C. pulchelius. Here we find the female, as usual, darker than the male. 
In the figures 0 and f, which show the markings of C. discotdeus, a 
red and black species, is noticed an extension anteriorly of the sutural 
mark, which here reaches the base of the wing covers, with, in one case, 
a corresponding increase of the humeral spots which have been spread 
over the whole base of the elytra, and become confluent with the sutural 
blotch. Both specimens are females, so no sexual comparisons can be 
made, though the small specimen is the darker. My specimens are from 
the high mountains of Colorado (Cockerell) and from Williams, Arizona, 
the latter place at an altitude of between 6,000 and 7,000 feet. 
The results of some researches regarding melanism in insects have 
lately been published by Mr. J. W. Tutt, of London, England. He 
believes that moisture is the chief excitant cause of melanism, and has 

192 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
offered proof to show that among the British lepidcptera the darkest forms 
are commonest in the more humid parts of England. Given an excitant 
cause, he shows that as moisture in the atmosphere tends to darken the 
soil, trees and other natural objects, natural selection would, if not inter- 
fered with by opposing forces, tend to perpetuate the melanic forms. ‘This 
line of thought has suggested to me the desirability of making some 
inquiries regarding the climatic conditions of the different regions from 
which my own specimens come. A request for figures stating average 
annual precipitation has at once been acceded to by Prof. Mark. W. 
Harrington, Chief of the U. S. Weather Bureau, who has kindly sent me 
the appended statistics :— 
Annual precipitation at Albuquerque, New Mex., 7.19 in. May to Oct, 5.42 in. 
i ry Ilelena, Montana, 13.22 in. os ‘< -7.90 in, 
es Flagstaff, Arizona, 25.95 in. “> 39.224: 
af i. Prescott, Arizona, 17.06 in. “ ‘© §.50 in. 
In most of these cases the observations have extended over a number 
of years, but the record for Flagstaff, Ariz, has been kept for only seven- 
teen months, and Prof. Harrington writes me that it may be too high an 
average. My object in getting the figures for the months of May to 
October (inclusive) is this: If the action of mo sture on the colours of 
insects be purely physiological, it would act chiefly, no doubt, while the 
insect was growing,—that is, through the active part of the larval stage, 
extending through the warmer months of the year; if, on the other hand, 
it acts indirectly by bringing the tints of the insect, through the work of 
natural selection, more closely in harmony with the darker colours with 
which this wet weather would surround it, it must nevertheless act during 
these same months. 
While my paper does not deal exclusively with any one species, those 
treated of are closely allied, and on this ground it may prove profitable to 
make a few comparisons. 
Fifty specimens of C. Jongipennis from the driest of these points— 
Albuquerque, New Mexico—show thirty-two males, none of which have 
more than a very slender line of black along the suture, and eighteen 
females, most of them coloured like 7, several as light as 2, and only one 
as dark as 6. C. testaceus, from the dry regions of Southern California, 
is also notable from its lack of black markings. I found C. /ongipennts 
abundant upon golden-rods (Sodidago), which had a very solid head of 

= 
PSS Sse 
| 
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 193 
bloom, without the reliefs of light and shade thrown by the more open 
inflorescense of the yellow-flowered plants on which my other species 
were chiefly taken. Dr. Leconte records C. festaceus from Baccharis 
without specifying more definitely. 
Six specimens of C. pudchellus from Williams, Ariz., are of a rather 
dark form, such as shown by g and d, with the exception of two males 
which are somewhat lighter, as Z,and one darker female,like ¢ Four males 
from Peach Springs and Seligman are a very little lighter than 4, while 
two females from the same localities are darker than the males, but not 
quite as dark as the Williams female. Three examples from Albuquerque 
are about the same as the Peach Springs specimens. A series of nine- 
teen specimens from Helena Mon., averaging much smaller than those 
of other localities, are of a type very nearly the same as the Williams 
specimens, so far as regards the extent of black markings. 
Summing up the evidence, then, we find: 
1. Light specimens (C.-dongipennis) at Albuquerque, where the pre- 
cipitation is 7.19 inches. 
2. Darker ones (C. pulchellus) at Peach Springs and Seligman, where 
it is about 17. inches. 
3. Stull darker ones at Williams, where it is about 25.95 inches. 
4. Specimens about the same as these last from Helena, Montana, 
where it is about 13.22 inches. 
Now we have to reconcile with it, if we are to accept Mr. Tutt’s theory 
at all, the phenomenon of specimens from Helena, with a precipitation of 
13.22, presenting a phase of coloration as dark as those from Williams, 
with an annual precipitation of 2595 inches. This, h»wever, is not a 
great difficulty, since I have before mentioned the fact that the Helena 
beetles average much less in size than the more southern ones, and here I 
think it quite possible that we have the keynote to the whole thing. Mr. 
Tutt has already* adduced proof that some forms of disease produce 
melanism, and it has occurred to me that this species (C. pulchel/us) 
having its metropolis in the south, where comparatively mild winters pre- 
vail, may find it a hard struggle to exist on the plains of Montana, where 
*Melanism and Melanochroism, p 44 ¢é seg. 

194 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLCGIST. 
the winters are of exceptional severity. The consequent weakening of 
the individuals by this undue exposure may produce a stunted and debili- 
tated race, and the effects of this debility be shown in the lack of the 
bright yellow pigmentation so characteristic of the forms from the dry, 
warm regions of the South. 
I am far from thinking that all has been written upon the subject of 
the variation in Crossidius that the occasion offers, but space has its limits 
and the materia] is too scanty to more than indicate in what direction we 
may look for the explanation of some of the phenomena presented. The 
data regarding precipitation in the different localities even cannot entirely 
be relied upon, as I have had to apply the average taken at Flagstaff to 
Williams, which is but few miles distant, and at very nearly the same 
elevation. In the same way it has been necessary to take that given at 
Prescott as approximately correct for Peach Springs and Seligman. How- 
ever, I hope the article may attract the attention of more of our American 
students of entomology to a fascinating branch of the science, and that we 
may soon see in this country a number of workers who will follow out the 
lines of investigation suggested by our English brothers, and for the fur- 
therance of which they have established a new magazinet especially 
devoted to the discussion of variation and its manifold causes. Most of 
my own work in this article has been suggested by the writings of Mr. 
Tutt, and to his works I would refer those who care to follow up the sub- 
ject and learn, in a reasonable compass and without the mass of irrelevant 
matter which encumbers some other recent works dealing with the specu- 
lative side of entomology, what new fields of investigation may be opened 
up to those who like to know the histories of their insects as well as their 
names. 
EXPLANATION OF PLATE. 
Figs. a to 7, Crossidius pulchellus, southern forms. 
Fig. &, iH longipennis, Casey. 
Fig. Z, intermedius, Ulke. 
Figs. manda, ‘“ nitidicoliis, Casey. 
Figs. 9 and p,_‘ discotdeus, Say. 
Figs. g to ¢, a pulchellus, Lec., northern forms. 
+The Entomologist’s Kecord and Journal of Variation. 
~ 

——E— 
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 195 
NOLES, ON TWO -SPECIES OF- TENTHREDINIDA;, FROM 
YOSEMITE; (CAL: 
BY HARRISON G. DYAR, ROXBURY, MASS. 
Schizocerus tristis, Cress. 
var. FUMIPENNIS, 7. var. 
Eight examples bred from larve in the Yosemite Valley differ from 
Mr. Cresson’s description in having both wings uniform smoky blackish, 
about as dark as the hind wings of /Zylotoma scapularis, Klug. In the 
Q@, the pale parts of the legs are not white, but of an obscure sordid 
whitish, tinged with brown, and not contrasting with the black body 
parts; the abdomen is obscurely banded with brown between the 
segments. ; 
Length of 9 6 mms; “¢ 4.5 mim,; expanse “of wings, 9, 13:5-mm:; 
3d, 11 mm. 
Larva.—Head rounded, wider than high, the mouth parts pointed ; 
clear green, shaded with black across the middle ; ocelli black, mouth 
brownish ; width, r mm. Thoracic feet large, the abdominal ones small, 
present on joints 5-10 and 13 (10 pairs in all). A slight subventral 
ridge ; body transversely creased and covered with round, smooth, con- 
colorous, wart-like elevations, uniform green, the dorsal vessel showing 
darker by transparency ; a stigmatal row of black dots. The anal plate 
terminates in four short pointed projections tipped with black, and there 
are two others below the anus. Thoracic feet dusky. Length of larva, 
about ro mm. 
Cocoon.—Formed on the back of a leaf: oblong, rounded, symmetri- 
cal, composed of coarse yellowish silk of loose and irregular texture, not 
compact enough to be opaque. 
Pupa.—Eyes prominent, cases free,the wing cases small; abdomen 
cylindrical, slightly tapering ; colour clear green, the legs colourless, eyes 
black and two blackish shades on the thorax, as well as at bases of wing 
cases. 
Food plant— AHosackia grandiflora, Benth. 
LaBIPA OPIMUS, Cress. 
A @ example differs considerably from Mr, Cresson’s description :— 
var. BIGEMINA, 7. var. 
Head black; clypeus, labrum, mandibles (except at tip), palpi, 
lower half of cheeks, and elongate oval spot resting on the insertion of 

196 THE CANADIAN EN'TOMOLOGISI. 
each antenna and up of basal joint of antenna outwardly, greenish yellow. 
Thorax black, the prothorax, tegule, two wedge-shaped bands along the 
parapsidal grooves, scutellum, centre of metathorax above, and a large 
angular spot on pleura, also yellow. Legs yellow, except the bases of 
cox, the tips of hind femora, tips of all the tibia outwardly and the tar- 
sal joints, especially toward their tips, which are black. Wings smoky 
brownish-hyaline, irridescent, nervures black, the basal part of stigma 
and costa adjoining stigma yellowish. Abdomen greenish-yellow above 
and below, except the basal half of basal plates, a triangular spot on 
basal part of each dorsal abdominal segment, except the last, and oviposi- 
tor sheaths, which are black. Length, 2, 11 mm.; expanse, 22 mm. 
The pair of spots between the eyes and second pair on the front part of 
mesothorax are conspicuous. 
FITCH’S TYPES ‘OF N, A. MEMBRACIDZ:. 
BY F. W. GODING, M.D., PH. D., RUTLAND, ILLINOIS. 
(Continued from page 172.) . 
No 3123 1s Ophiderma flava, Godg. 
No. 4416 is the type of Zhelia crategi, Fh. 
‘ 
No. 1875 is the type of Ceresa brevicornis, Fh. The brief description 
given by Fitch is correct, but not sufficiently complete. Good characters 
are present for separating it from its congeners. 
The species labelled 7helia Robine is T. turriculata, Fh., and that 
labeled Smzlia betule is S. camelus, Fabr. Fitch’s manuscript name 
Zuela is what is now known as Stictocephala, Stal. The descriptions of 
the species of this family, published in Emmons’s N. Y. Report, were 
written by Dr. Fitch, as is stated by Emmons in a foot note, and there is 
no valid reason for crediting such species to Emmons. Fitch described 
the species and preserved the types which are now in the collection of 
the National Museum ; consequently, his name should be attached to all 
such species whenever reference is made to them. While Fitch depended 
largely on the distribution of colours and shape of the crest of the pro- 
thorax, yet he gave some reliable characters which are of use in identify- 
ing his species. ‘The crest immediately after the last moult is very soft 
and easily mutilated, and many species might be made from the eggs of 
a single female were this character depended upon. It should be used 
only with other and less variable characters. 
—— 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 197 
SYNOPSIS OF THE DIPTEROUS GENUS THEREVA. 
BY D. W. COQUILLETT, LOS. ANGELES, CAL. 
The following table contains all the species of Thereva known to me 
as occurring in this country north of Mexico. TZhereva tergissa, Say. 
(corusca, Weid.), and 7. crassicornis, Will. (non Bellardi), belong to 
Psilocephala. Zhereva nigra, Say., is a true Thereva. TZ) adlbiceps, 
Loew., is evidently the same as a/bifrons, Say; and giluvifes, Loew., is 
the other sex of flavicincta, Loew., as that author suspected at the time 
of describing these two forms. Walker’s and Macquart’s species have 
not been identified, nor could this be done with any degree of certainty 
except by an examination of the type specimens. 
The table is as follows :— 
1.—Antenne black. RS 
Antenne yellow Calorie species . Bs 7j Spa EA MN RPS aie) hares 
No OP 
2.—Pile and bristles of head and thorax eis whitish, knob of 
halteres yellow, front of female wholly opaque. .semtaria, n. sp. 
Pile and bristles of head and thorax largely black, knob of 
halteres black, front of female with a shining black spot 
©. cis icla ees af LAL, LOEW: 
gp bemotaslargely: Or wholly! black. ate on Asp ache ee ool eS ee 5 
Femora yellow, knob of halteres black, front of female with one or 
two; shimimeAblaic len SWOts.j:).ctor, sere hotmelt arc ectnd s ona ae Al 
4.—Front of female with two shining black spots, front of male desti: 
tute: On IDIACK Pile Arseeasse a cence es cine eee ee even UEP UEGTS, USD 
Front of female with only one shining black spot, front of male 
Withimeany, DlaGk PILGy.racivwvai ast» sa herdikenn shele e P@OUeNCLa, LOEW. 
Re ODL Okm Na CONES NOIAC KIN. cirutta ide. va seaiegern es ae Wsteeenle ete kets cee Os 
Knob of halteres yellow or white, front of female destitute of 
shining black spots ...... ; 4 A Sem a6) 
6.—Front of female with two iaree! welt hinek spots, apices oe 
femora black. re ae : : 7 
Front of female esti of sich ae apices ar fra aan 
yellow, cross-veins of wings not bordered with brown. 
.candidata, Loew. 
ie BES ois ae ae cross-veins B basdeteal with brown. .of/osa, N. sp. 
Stigma pale yellow, cross-veins not bordered.... ie .vialts, O. S. 

198 THE CANADIAN ENYGMOLOGIST. 
S.—-Front of temale partly shining black. eines se oe eee a 
Front in both sexes wholly opaque and covered with pollen.....11 
g.—Abdomen of female opaque on the first six segments, front with 
two shining black spots......................../o/msonit, n. sp. 
Abdomen of female largely shining....................+004-10 
10.—Front of female with a shining black spot reaching the lower 
ocellus ; pollen on sides of front extending less than half way 
from each eye to lower ocellus...............strigipes, Loew. 
Front of female having the lower halk shining, ihe upper half 
COVETEE With, DONG seg wars free cies eres . .Airticeps, Loew. 
Front of female wholly shining eae aucun re lower corner 
case ; ; ore . nigra, Say. 
ene a female sit oats one contin bee oe : aelEn on sides 
of front nearly or quite reaching the lower ocellus. .frontadis, Say. 
11.—Pile of front largely black. . ge seiet 5 ate e iy cS Santas hh Ree 
Pile of front wholly te. font of erie abariuite of (ee: 
VEIVEL DIQCK S[IUtSay 4s auaea hae en Frances Sa eee haa eee te 
2.—Bristles of occiput black, eighth abdominal segment in the female 
shining black, stigma dark brown...............albifrons, Say. 
Bristles of occiput whitish, eighth segment in the female covered 
with pollen, stigma pale yellow....:.............#ovella, n. Sp. 
3.—Wings hyaline, the cross-veins not broadly heed with brown. .14 
Wings brownish, the cross-veins broadty bordered with darker 
BrO WI) 2aaF cep ee eee cee tig cet eres: che tuct uk aces ONC TITLE, LOWE 
14.—Third joint of antenne eae! short, inverted pyriform, the 
first joint very robust... SiS eraliue6 Sey eM LELAIOO DIELEDIZ,- IAOewy. 
Third joint of antenne not penta cee ...melanoneura, LOew., 
Thereva semitaria,n. sp. ¢ black, the antenne, palpi, knob of the 
halteres, posterior margins of the second and third abdominal segments, 
hypopygium, femora, tibiz, except the tips, and base of tarsi, yellow, the 
femora sometimes brown. Head and entire body whitish pollinose, the 
entire pile white, the bristles, except those of the legs, yellowish-white. 
Third antennal joint as long as the first and nearly twice as broad, being 
three fourths as broad as long ; style one-third as long as the third joint. 
Thorax not distinctly vittate. Wings grayish-hyaline, the costal margin 
usually a darker gray, veins largely yellow, very narrowly bordered with 
brown, stigma dark brown, fourth posterior cell closed and short petiolate. 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 199 
2 same as the ¢, except that the pollen on the upper part of the front 
is more yellow, and the eighth and ninth abdominal segments are shining 
yellow, posterior margins of the other segments also more or less yellow. 
Length, 8 to 1r mm. Southern California. Eleven males and four 
females, in April and May. 
Thereva duplicis, n. sp. 2? black, the femora, tibize, tarsi, except at 
apex, and the hypopygium, yellow. Head gray pollinose, the pile wholly 
yellowish-white, that of the vertex, bristles in upper part of the occiput 
and on the antenne, black ; third antennal joint as long as the first and 
only slightly wider, style one-fourth as long as the third joint. Pile of 
thorax mixed black and yellowish-white, the bristles black ; pile of pleura 
white, that on the scittellum more yellowish, the four bristles black. Pile 
of abdomen yellowish-white, that of the venter white, of the femora mixed 
black and white, of the tibize and tarsi black ; bristles of legs also black. 
Wings grayish-hyaline, the veins largely brown and indistinctly bordered 
; gs gray J Sel) y 
with brown, stigma dark brown, fourth posterior cell closed and short 
petiolate. : 
? same as the ¢, with these exceptions: Pile of front largely black, 
its pollen yellow ; in middle of front are two transverse shining black 
spots separated from the eyes by a pollinose interval nearly equalling the 
length of the second antennal joint. Posterior margin of each abdominal 
segment, except the first, yellow, including the greater portion of the last 
three segments ; base of the third, fourth, fifth and sixth segments, and 
the whole of the following ones, shining ; pile of the fourth and following 
segments both dorsally and ventrally erect and black. 
Length, 9 to 13 mm. South Dakota (Aldrich), Montana (Morrison). 
One male and two females. 
Thereva otiosa, n. sp. ¢ black, the knob of the halteres, and pos- 
_ terior margins of the second and third abdominal segments, white, tibie, 
except at apex, and base of tarsi, yellow. Head white pollinose ; that 
on upper part of front narrowly black, on the vertex grayish-black ; pile 
of entire head, except the black pile of the vertex, white ; bristles of 
upper part of occiput and on the antenne black. Third joint of antennz 
five-sixths as long as the first and slightly narrower, style one-fourth as 
long as the third joint. Thorax grayish-black pollinose and marked with 
two narrow whitish pollinose vitte, the lateral margin also whitish pol- 
linose ; pile of thorax mixed black and white or yellowish, the bristles 

200 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
black ; pile of pleura and scutellum white, the four bristles of the latter 
black. Abdomen whitish pollinose, that at the base of the second, third 
and fourth segments blackish-gray ; pile of abdomen, venter and femora 
white, a few on the hypopygium black ; short pile of tibize and tarsi, like 
all the bristies of the legs, black. Wings, including the space between 
costa and auxiliary vein, grayish-hyaline, veins black, narrowly bordered 
with brown ; stigma dark brown, fourth posterior cell narrowly open, or 
clesed and short petiolate. ; 
? same as the ¢, with these exceptions: Front dark-brown pollinose 
on the upper part, and near the middle marked with two large rounded 
velvet-black spots contiguous to the eyes; eighth and ninth abdominal 
segments shining, their pile largely black. 
Length, 7 to 11 mm. Los Angeles County, California. Nine males 
and seven females, March to May. 
Thereva novella, n. sp. gd same as otiosa, with these exceptions : 
Style of antennz two-fifths as long as the third joint ; pile and bristles of 
vertex and bristles of occiput yellowish-white ; thorax destitute of black 
pile; knob of halteres brown, margined with yellow ; veins of wings 
largely yellow, stigma also yellow and indistinct. 
? differs from the 9 of ofzosa, besides in the particulars above 
mentioned, in that the front is destitute of the two round velvet-black 
spots, having instead a narrow, interrupted, dark-brown cross-band ; 
eighth abdominal segment opaque pollinose, its pile largely vellow. 
Length, Sto 11mm. Los Angeles County, California. Five males 
and one female. 
Thereva Johnsoni, n. sp. & black, base of third antennal joint, 
tibize, and base of tarsi, reddish. Head yellowish-gray pollinose, front 
with two transversely oval shining-black spots on its middle ; pile of head 
pale yellow, that of the front mixed with black, bristles of occiput and of 
the antenne black. First joint of antennee slender, scarcely wider than 
the second, third joint lanceolate, one and a-half times as wide as the 
second, three-fourths as long as the first joint ; style one-fifth as long as 
the third joint. ‘Thorax yellowish pollinose, marked with two light gray 
vitte, the sides a purer gray ; pile of thorax and scutellum pale yellow, 
less than half as long as the black bristles, a few black pile on the thorax; 
pleura gray pollinose and yellowish-white pilcse. Knob of halteres 
brown. Abdominal segments one to six uniformly yellowish-gray pol- 
linose and short yellow pilose, the seventh and following segments shin- 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOCIST. 201 
ing brown ; pile of abdomen erect and largely black. Front and middle 
femora destitute of bristles. Wings yellowish gray, a hyaline streak in 
base of marginal cell, a darker gray cloud in apex of first submarginal 
and along front edge of the second submarginal cell ; stigma and a small 
spot at base of the second submarginal and of each posterior cell, dark 
brown ; fourth posterior cell closed and short petiolate. 
Length, 10 mm. Washington. Received from C. W. Johnson, and 
collected by Prof. O. B. Johnson, after whom. the species is named. 
SOME NOTES ON MICHIGAN INSECTS, PRINCIPALLY 
COLEOPTERA, AFFECTING FOREST TREES. 
_ BY C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND. 
The following notes were presented to the Entomological Society of 
Washington, May 1, t8g9o0, under the title of ‘‘Some insects affecting cer- 
tain forest trees.” They are herewith somewhat revised and sifted for 
publication, since’the matter which follows is of some value. 
The paper furnishes a record of certain insects mostly coleopterous, 
which I found many years ago in Michigan affecting either the trunks or 
foliage of forest tress and shrubs and which I have since been able to 
identify in connection with my notes. All are southern Michigan 
records, and belong to the vicinity of Constantine. Many coleoptera 
found under dead bark, but which feed merely on decaying vegetable 
tissue, have been omitted. Such are Prionocheta, Scaphidium, Ditoma, 
Bactridium, Melanotus, Cis, Tenebrioides, Melandrya, Uloma, Platy- 
dema, Penthe, Cratoparis, and many others. 
COLEOPTERA. 
Brontes dubius, ¥.—Under bark of linden (fall) ; elm and butternut 
logs (May). 
Paromalus aequatis, Say.— Under bark of decaying butternut and linden 
logs (May). 
_ Hister lecontei, Mars:—In burrows under decaying bark of butternut, 
elm, and linden. 
Adelocera aurorata, Lec.—One under bark of old oak log (Jan.) 
Alaus oculatus, \..— Boring stumps and dead trunks of oak, hickory, 
poplar and linden, 

302 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 
Cardiophorus gagates, Er.—On oak leaves (May). 
Elater manipularis, Cand.—Under decaying linden bark (Nov.) 
Elater nigricollis, Hbst.—In hickory stump (Oct.) ; and poplar stump 
(Dec.) 
Llater linteus, Say.—In decaying poplar stump (fall). 
Elater apicatus, Say.—In decaying poplar stump (Dec ) 
Agriotes oblongicollis, Melsh.—On leaves of hazel (May); and beech 
(May, June). 
Limonius auripilis, Say.—On beech foliage (May, June). 
Limonius bastllaris, Say.—On new oak and beech growth (May, 
June). 
Acmeodera culta, Web.—On cut oak wood (July). 
Agrilus ruficollis, ¥., otiosus, Say, bilineatus, Web.—On cut oak wood 
and rails (July). 
Brachys ovata, Web —On foliage of beech and oak (May to July). 
Brachys aerosa, Meish.—Eating oak and hazel leaves (May) ; leaves 
of beech, elm, ironwood (Carfinus), (May, June). — 
Brachys aeruginosa, Gory.—On leaves of beech, elm, ironwood (Cer- 
pinus), (May, June). 
Thanasimus @ubius, F.—In numbers on piles of oak wood (May). 
In coitu (May 20). 
Thaneroclerus sanguineus, Say.— Under bark oak stumps (Oct.) ; under 
bark butternut log (May). 
Dichelonycha elongata, Fab.—On leaves of oak (May). 
Lachnosterna prunina, Lec.—On foliage of red oak (May, June). 
Lachnosterna crenulata, Froh.—On foliage of red oak (May). 
Lachnosterna tristis, ¥.—Swarming in red oaks (May). 
Anomala undulata, Melsh.—Swarming in red oaks (May). 
Strigoderma arboricola, F.—On red oaks (May). The last five ; 
species occur mostly in the evening. 
Cotalpa lanigera, L.—Eating leaves of dwarf willows (Salix cordata), 
(May, June). 
Parandra brunnea, ¥.—Under bark of linden and butternut logs. 
2 
] 
Smodicum cucujiforme, Say.—Many specimens found on a white oak 
fence post, beside small holes in post from which they had emerged 
(June, July). 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 203 
Dorcaschema nigrum, Say.—On hickory foiiage (May, June). 
Goes pulverulenta, Hald.— Dead beetle found in a cell in cut hickory. 
Liopus alpha, Say.—On oak rails, and on fence posts under red oak 
tree (June). 
Lepturges guerct, Fitch.—On oak posts of fence under red oak tree 
(June). 
[Ty perplatys maculatus, Hald. 
Same as preceding. 
Saperda vestita, Say.—In sapwood, also in bark of dead linden trunk 
in all stages (May). 
Saperda tridentata, Oliv.—Beetles and pup under bark of elm logs 
(May). 
Donacia flavipes, Kby.—Twenty-seven taken on leaves of new oak 
growth (May 23). 
Chlamys plicata, ¥.—On witch hazel (June). 
Exema gibber, Oliv.—On witch hazel (June). 
Cryptocephalus venustus, ¥.—On oak and hickory foliage. 
Lachybrachys othonus, Say, carbonarius, Hald., infaustus, Hald.— 
On oak foliage. 
LVoda ( Colaspis ? ) convexa, Say.—On beech foliage. 
Chrysomela scalaris, Lec.—On leaves of low sumac, hazel, linden. 
Chrysomela multipunctata, Say. var. bigsbyana, Kby.—On leaves of 
low sumac ( Rhus ). 
Lina lapponica, ..—In numbers eating leaves of dwarf willow (S. 
cordata), (May, June). 
Llepharida rhois, Forst.—On low sumac. 
FHlaltica inerata, Lec.—On foliage of ironwood ( Carpinus), beech 
and elm (May, June). 
Odontota rubra, Web.—On beech, elm and oak foliage (May, June). 
Diaperis hydni, ¥.—Twenty-five or thirty taken, Feb. 16, in groups 
in smal! passages in the inner wood of an old oak stump. Also found in 
same places later in the spring. When disturbed, they emit a yellowish 

204 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
fluid which stains the skin, has a pungent odour, and turns alcohol to a 
crimson colour. ‘The heads and legs of some worker termites dropped 
in the same alcoho! became of a deep violet colour, but the heads of 
soldier termites, from their harder integument, remained unstained. 
These beetles exhibited considerable variation in the disposition of the 
black markings on their orange-red elytra. I could find no communica- 
tion with their galleries from the outside. ‘Their social hibernation is 
interesting. 
Synchrva punctata, Newm.—Beetles and pupe under bark of linden 
and elm logs (May). 
Attelabus anatis, Ilig., dbipustulatus, ¥., rhois, Boh.—On leaves of 
young hickory. 
Magdalis armicollis, Say.—On elm foliage (June). 
Anthonomus crategi, W\sh.—On beech fohage. 
Mononychus vulpeculus, ®.—On wicch hazel (June). 
Celiodes acephalus, Say.—On witch hazel (June). 
Balaninus nasicus, Say, rectus, Say.— Very numerous under an isolated 
red oak (Sept. 15 to 22 only). 
Eupsalis minuta, Drury.—In dead oak and linden. 
Cossonus platalea, Say.—Fifty-four taken under bark of an old butter- 
nut log (May). 
Determinations of above coleoptera were made by Dr. Horn and Mr. 
Schwarz. 
LEPIDOPTERA.—A\ sesiid (.Sannina, sp.?) was bred from large knotty 
galls common on trunks of red oaks. These are rough excrescences of 
the bark and wood, frequently attaining a diameter of several feet. The 
moths are about the size of S. acernz. 
Dierera —The pine-cone gall of Cecid.  s.-strobiloides, O. S., occurs 
commonly on Salix cordata (June, July). It remains conspicuous 
through the winter, when these shrubs are otherwise bare. 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 205 
THE PHALANGINA OF THE UNITED STATES. 
BY NATHAN BANKS, SEA CLIFF, N. Y. 
The family Phalangidz is readily separable from the other families of 
Phalangida by having but one simple (not compound) claw at the end of 
each tarsus and having a claw at the end of palpus. The last (fifth) joint 
of palpus is nearly always longer than the next to last ; an exception is 
the male of Protolophus. Our species have been descr ibed by Say (Com- 
plete Writings), Wood (Bull. Essex Inst., 1868), Weed (Bull. Ill. State 
Lab. Nat. Hist., 1889, and various articles in Am. Nat., 1887-1893), and 
Banks (Trans. Ent. Soc., Wash., 1891). The genera known to me may be 
separated by the following key :— 
( Body with two rows of large tubercles, male with fifth 
| palpal joint shorter than fourth, female with third 
I { paipal joint forked.. . Protolophus. 
i Body without large tubercles, fifth palpal joint ‘alway S ‘longer than 
le the) fourth. tits ties « isi 2 
( A group of spines on fhe fronts margin ae ie pephalathora ce eye- 
2. tubercle with two rows of eae SPINGS2 ye nee ars Ate 
| Not with both of above characters. a Se ES nats et 
| Ue: large spines on the second oie an ine eyes ex- 
ceedingly large......... Stas tchenebanareratetets « sheen LAO} 
5} eet such spines, eyes normal . Sates: ESE El aathgsres, (et ad 
Femur I., much shorter than eae in the ee not as lene as 
A width of body. . BN NE ae ie NS a OE Ue Cea G 
Femur I., longer, or in some females but little ‘shorter than 
a body. . nee : ree . Liobunum. 
fae etateus 1 tient false articulations, fenten dad ee and 
( III. much thickened. getttcte PREVA Steyccas,. 
5) At least one false articulation in metatarsus a femora 
( AMY LUIS MORIA sm peychia 9 clee cece S «ii < cicway. cy wnseenvesye. «=e LC DLOCUIU Si 
«6 § Eye PRM ETE SIMOS Slay ae ctersy cules 0, oh ajok sR pene tote series SG LOD IDE Se 
le BVSsOMDEECleySMOOUN so tis. ches «oo. wo efon aa oe cele pe CLOUT VOMIUS- 
Second joint of palpus with prominent spines.................. 8 
7 {Seco joint of palpus without prominent spines............... 9 
No false articulation in metatarsus I., eye tubercle more 
| remote from the anterior margin. .... : jai ove 2'o LabClLALUS. 
At least one false articulation in metatarsus. ie ek 
ae tubercle farther forward. au yeaitea aha ess . Oligolophus. 
Femora as narrow as, or narrower ve eye- aherale) fifth joint of 
, palpus longer than the third and fourth together.............10 
Femora wider than eye-tubercle, fifth joint of palpus not 
a longer than the third and fourth focether sir. «2s .. Homolophus 

206 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
Femur I. longer than width of body.................Phalangium 
Femur I. not longer than width of body.................A@ttopus 
Trachyrhinus, Weed |[Am. Nat., 1892], is unknown to me ; it appears 
to be near Homolophus, but with more slender legs, more spinose palpi, 
with a different patella, and larger eye-tubercle. Wood’s description of 
P. favosum, however, reads much like A/ctopus biceps, Thorell. 
‘These genera | arrange in four tribes. 
PROTOLOPHINI. 
This embraces the single genus Protolophus, remarkable for the 
structure of the male palpi. 
Protolophus, gen. nov. 
In the male the second, third and fourth palpal joints are greatly en- 
larged, and the fifth joint is a little shorter than the fourth ; the claw at 
the end of the fifth is, however, distinct. ‘The female has the palpi more 
normal, the fifth joint longer than the fourth, the third joint is prolonged 
on the inner side, as in Prosalpia, and the fourth has a small projection 
at tip on the inner side. ‘The eye-tubercle is low, with two rows of small 
spines. The legs are short, femur II. being shorter than the body ; 
tibiz without false articulations. The dorsal parts of the first five 
abdominal segments are more united than those beyond, each of these 
five segments having a median pair of large tubercles. Two speciesiare 
known to me. 
Abdominal tubercles unarmed...... ...... wos wasae « sCUUCHCULALUS. 
Abdominal tubercles with a few apical spines...........simgularis. 
Protolophus tuberculatus, n. sp. 
Length, 8 mm. ; femur I., 2.3 mm. 
Colour—Gray to brownish, the cephalothorax gray, the dorsum of ab- 
domen darker, somewhat reddish-brown. Body with a broad, darker, 
median stripe, beginning at the anterior margin of the cephalothorax and 
extending to the sixth abdominal segment, narrower and darker on the 
abdomen than on the cephalothorax. Just below the front margin of the 
cephalothorax are two small median spines. The venter is pale grayish 
with a few brown spots near the sutures, the tips of the mandibles black, 
the coxe brownish, the trochanters yellowish, the femora, patelle and 
tibize reddish-brown, the metatarsi yellowish, the tarsi gradually becoming 
darker, the abdominal tubercles black. The legs are covered with small 
spines, on each side of the coxz there are rows of small black plates. 
The female is similar, but the dorsum is more reddish, the venter more 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 207 
mottled than in the male, and there are some brown spots on the basal 
joint of the mandibles above. 
Southern California. Not uncommon. 
Protolophus singularis, . sp. 
Similar to fuberculatus, but the abdominal tubercles bear from two to 
four spines. ‘The anterior margin of the cephalothorax is more spinose ; 
and the second and fourth joints of the palpi are much more enlarged 
than in that species ; the eye-tubercle is also more spinose. ‘The legs are 
more slender, especially the second pair. The body and legs are more 
brownish, and the palpi are mottled, the second joint of the mandibles 
very dark. 
Southern California. Collection of Dr. Geo. Marx. One male. 
CaDDINI. 
This tribe embraces only Caddo agilis, remarkable for its large eyes. 
It shows its relation,to certain genera of the next tribe in having spines 
on the second palpal joint. One young specimen has a white band 
above. I have it from N. Y. and D. C. 
OLIGOLOPHINI. 
The very spinose character of the members of this tribe distinguish 
them from all their allies. 
Oligolophus pictus, Wood. 
This occurs in the Eastern States. 
Lacinius ohtoensis, Weed. 
Ohio, N. Y. 
Lacinius texanus, Banks. Psyche, 1893. 
Texas. 
Mitopus biceps, Thorell. 
Described by Thorell in 1876 from Colorado ; I have received speci- 
mens from L. M. Cockerell. 
Phalangium cinereum, Wood. 
The northeastern parts of the United States and in Canada. |[A. D. 
MacGillivray ]. 
Phatlangium longipalpis, Weed. 
Arkansas. This would be called Cerastoma by some European 
authorities, 

208 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 
HOoMOLOPHUs, gen. nov. 
Quite prominent spines upon the cephalothorax and eye-tubercle, and 
with transverse rows on the abdomen. Legs thicker than usual, the 
anterior femora being much thicker than the eye-tubercle is wide, almost 
as thick as the basal joint of the mandibles ; femur L., is a little longer 
than the width of the body, tibiz without false articulations. The fifth 
joint of palpus is not quite as long as the third and fourth together. 
This genus is related to Phalangium, but the last joint of palpus is 
shorter, and the legs are shorter and stouter. 
flomolophus arcticus, N. sp. 
Length, 6.4 mm. ; femur I., 4.2 mm. 
Colour—Cephalothorax yellow-brown, black in the middle behind ; 
dorsum of abdomen black ; legs dark red-brown, yellow at extreme base 
of the femora and on the trochanters; venter brown. Eye-tubercle with 
two rows of a few spines ; cephalothorax with scattered spines, arranged 
mnch as in Phalangium cinereum; abdomen with six transverse rows of 
similar spines; posterior angles of the cephalothorax projecting and 
rounded with a few prominent spines. Legs stout, very spiny, having a 
few more prominent spines at tips of femora, patellz and tibie ; second 
pair of legs lost. 
Commander Island, Siberia. Collection of Dr. Geo. Marx. 
LIOBUNINI. 
This tribe includes the more typical and common members of the 
sub-family. 
GLOBIPES, gen. nov. 
The principal character of this genus is the enlarged femora and 
tibiz of legs I. and LIL., the eye-tubercle is low and with a few spines, 
legs short, but femur II. is longer than the body and more than twice as 
long as femur I. Metatarsus I. without false articulations. The palpi 
are normal. 
Globipes spinulatus, Ni. sp. 
Length, 3.5 mm.; femur I., 1 mm. 
Colour, brown or reddish-brown, tip of abdomen more gray, dorsum 
somewhat mottled with brown, coxee yellowish, trochanters and base of 
femora yellowish, remainder of femora, patelle and tibia reddish, metatarsi 
yellowish, tarsi a little darker, palpi pale, tips of mandibles black. The 
female has two median white spots near the tip of the abdomen, The 
\ 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 209 
palpi are very short, the patella and tibia somewhat enlarged, the fifth 
joint longer than the third and fourth together. The cephalothorax and 
abdomen are smooth ; the legs have many small spines, most prominent 
on the enlarged parts of legs I. and III. ; tibia II. has three false articu- 
lations. ‘The legs of the fernale are longer and more slender than those of 
the male. The abdomen of the female is larger and pointed behind, 
while that of the male is somewhat truncate, 
Southern California. 
EURYBUNUS, gen. nov. 
Eye-tubercle very low and smooth, cephalothorax with an elevation 
on the anterior margin bearing a few small spines. The segments of the 
dorsal shield of the abdomen are so closely united that their sutures are 
hardly discernible. The femora, patelle and tibiz of legs I. and III. are 
enlarged ; femur II. barely twice as long as femur I., and a little longer 
than the body ; metatarsus I. without false articulations. 
Eurybunus brunneus, n. sp. 
Length, 9 mm. ; femur I., 4 mm. 
Colour—Dorsum uniform brown, the margins of the abdomen a little 
white ; venter grayish-white ; coxe, trochanters and part of the femora 
yeliowish, a band near tip of femur brown, the extreme tip whitish ; base 
of patella brown, the tip white ; middle of tibia brown, the base and tip 
white ; same with the metatarsus, except that the brown is not as dark ; 
tarsi brownish; palpi and mandibles yellowish. Body very smooth, 
femora I. and III. with a few short scattered spines, similar spines on the 
under side of tibiz and metatarsi I. and III., tibia with three false articu- 
lations. 
Southern California. 
LEPTOBUNUS, gen. nov. 
Legs short, joints but little thickened, femur I. much shorter than the 
body; femur II. frequently not as long as the body.  Eye-tubercle 
narrow, usually smooth. JZ. cadifornicus is the type. In this species the 
palpal claw is smooth, and metatarsus I. has but one false articulation ; 
lateral pore is very large and looks outward. In the two other species 
the palpal claw is dentate, metatarsus I. has several false articulations, 
and the lateral pore is like that of Liobunum. For these reasons the last 
two species may form another genus, 

210 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
: ( Metatarsus I., with one false articulation..............californicus 
{ Metatarsi I., with several false articulations.............5-.++-+. 2 
: Dorm Smooth 2 ~~ said 40a dk pv eek Ge ke 6 Wino eeale eee RDOEAL ONE 
=). Dorsitin eraniilate.j.s0.5 ak Me «+ se eatns ole ee ele amemes aiee 
Leptobunus grande, Say. 
Liobunum similis, Weed. 
Var Ca Ohio; I. 
Leptobunus maculosum, Wood. 
Pa., W. Va:., Ohio. 
Leptobunus californicus, Ni. sp. 
Length, 6.6 mm. ; femur I.. 2.7 mm. 
Colour—white above, mottled with brown and black, the vase mark 
indefinite; beneath whitish, with a few brown spots; legs yellowish, with an 
apical brown ring on each joint. Eye-tubercle low and smooth ; body 
smooth ; legs smooth, except the tarsi, which have spines at each articu- 
lation. Legs quite stout ; metatarsus I. with one and tibia II. with two 
false articulations; palpi with the fourth joint longer than the third ; fifth 
joint about equal to the third and fourth together. 
Southern California (Davidson). 
LiozpunuM, Koch. ' 
Forbesium, Weed. 
The genus Forbesiunm is based on young forms of previously described 
species. Liobunum is very rich in species; many forms remain to be 
described. I will mention but one, readily recognized by having two 
large yellow spots, 
Liobunum bimaculatum, v. sp. 
Length, 4.2 mm. ; width of abdomen, 3.5 mm. ; femur L, 11.9 mm. ; 
femur [1 19.5 mm. 
Colour—dark brown, with two large yellow spots over the juncture of 
the cephalothorax and abdomen; the eye-tubercle black ; venter, palpi 
and legs yellowish ; patelle and tibiee at tip brownish ; metatarsi and tarsi 
somewhat brownish. Body short and broad; the end of abdomen bent 
under ; the side-pieces of tne sternum appear to be completely separated 
from the sternum proper; cox, venter and sternum with a few granules. 
Eye-tubercle moderately high ; more than its length from the anterior mar- 
gin, and with two rows of spines above. Abdomen with a few transverse 
rows of small, stiff hairs. Legs extremely long, with some small spines 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. V9 
and a few larger ones at the tips of the femora and patelle ; tibia I. with- 
out false articulations, tibia II. with several. Second joint of palpus with 
small spines beneath, the third and fourth joints about equal. 
Southern California. Kindly loaned to me for description by Dr. 
Geo. Marx. 
The remaining species of this genus are as follows :—Z. vittatum, 
Say, Z. dorsatum, Say, L. nigropalpi, Wood, L. extlipes, Wood, L. 
verrucosum, Wood, L. ventricosum, Wood, L. calcar, Wood, L. bicolor, 
Wood, Z. polttum, Weed, ZL. elezans, Weed, Z.-Jongipes, Weed, L. 
nigripes, Weed. All are from the eastern United States except Z. 
extlipes, from California ; this also occurs near Olympia, Wash. State 
(Trevor Kincaid). 
CORRESPONDENCE. 
UNIDENTIFIED BOMBYCIDS. 
Str,—In regard-to Mr. Smith’s note on page 164 in CANADIAN ENTO- 
MOLOGIST for June, I would say that I am the authority for the reference 
of Saligena personata to Raphia frater, and for the fact that now a 
series of specimens of Sphida obliguata are in Brit. Mus. Coll. under the 
label of ‘‘ Edema obliqua.” Ihave not the Brit. Mus. lists before me, 
but this series of apparently bred specimens of Sphida obliguata, which 
I found on my second, were not in Brit. Mus. Coll. at my first visit, 
when I examined the collection, with a specimen of the moth, for the ex- 
press purpose of identifying the species. They could not have escaped 
my notice. They must have been added subsequently to my visit and 
description. On this first occasion I discovered, quite misplaced, the type 
of the much more obscure species Arzama densa, Walk. ; without this 
identification the name Arzama would have hardly been placed in our 
catalogues. I recognized Sphida obliguata as allied to the type of 
Arzama densa ata glance. [examined the Wotodontide carefully, making 
several identifications, and the specimens now under Ldema obligua 
were not then there. A reference to our original paper in Tr. Am. Ent. 
Soc. Phil., will show that I examined the Notodontians carefully. The 
probability is, that the species must remain as catalogued by me, viz. : 
Sphida obliquata, G. & R., when the facts are all known. In cases where 
specimens are simply stuck without type labels under printed labels in 
Brit. Mus. Coll., they are not to be taken as Walker’s type, when in any 
way disagreeing with Walker’s descriptions. A. R. Grote, Bremen, 

212 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
A BLACK MALE OF PAPILIO TURNUS. 
Sir,—Having been a constant reader of the ENnromorocisr for the 
past ten or twelve years, I have never found anything published in your 
valuable journal as regards the capture of a black male of 2, apilio Turnus. 
In the annual report of the Entomological Society of Ontario, for 1889, on 
page 38, Mr, Fletcher writes at some length in regard to the Tiger 
Swallow-T ail buttertly (Papilio turnus). The statement to which I wish 
to call your attention is on page 39, on the eleventh line from top of 
page, where he says: ‘Vo specimen of the black male has ever been taken ; 
the only approach to this melanic form ts a beautiful suffused variety.” 
No doubt but the author was about nght, for I had examined other jour- 
nals and had failed to find any account bearing upon this subject, as I 
had one or two beautiful Papilios in my collection, and was uncertain as 
to what they were. The other day I was out collecting, and to my great 
surprise captured a beautiful ¢ and 2 of Zurnus in copulation, 
so you see there is no question as to their identity. This beautiful black 
male Zurnus resembles Papilio Troi/us in some respects, having i 
wings black ; primaries with a marginal row of nch cream-coloured spots, 
whereas in Zyot/us they are a light or pale yellow; secondaries with 
bluish lunules, while in 77o7/us they are green, running along the margin. 
The anal spot with a bluish crescent as in PP. Palamedes and in P. 
Cresphontes, while the anal spot in Zyoc/us is entirely orange. ‘Tails 
slender and black. After being a collector of insects for the past twenty 
years, both in the south and north, this was indeed the first golden opportu- 
nity and I had the pleasure of the capture ofa black male Zurnus. Its dis- 
tribution covers a wide area, reaching from the far north to the confines 
of the tropics, going by the variety name G/aucus in the south, just in the 
same manner as Papilio Machaon of the old world, which is to be found 
in England, France, Germany, Northern India and Japan, and a huge 
variety H//ppocrates, of Northeast China, while P. Polydorus and P. 
Alexanor, strictly of European origin, are limited to a much smaller 
territory than either Zurnus or Machaon. Whilst P. Autudus and its 
varieties Arizonensis and Ammoni, resembling in general appearance 
Turnus, but somewhat smaller, and being distinguished by its having 
the yellow band which runs along the posterior margin on underside of 
primaries unbroken, while in Tur: nus it 1s disconnected, is found through- 
out the Pacific states, P. Eurymedon, its var. Albanus, £. Daunus and 
P. Pilumnus, all of which belong to the yellow tribe of Papilios, range 
within the confines of the western states, while P. Gebalus, which bears a 
close resemblance to Zurnus except that the yellow shows a slight tinge of 
orange, is found in Mexico, and thus far, has never been found elsewhere 
even as a winged visitor. More fully will these matters be treated of in 
my forthcoming work on “The Geographical Distribution of Butterflies 
and Moths.” A. S. VAN WINKLE, Keota, Iowa. 
Mailed August 2nd, 

Pate * 
Whe anatliany ¥, sitomologist. 
“VOL. XXV. LONDON, SEPTEMBER, pie No 0: 
DESCRIPTION OF A PECULIAR NEW LIPARID. GENUS 
FROM MAINE. 
BY B NEUMOEGEN, NEW YORK. 
DYARIA, ov. gen. 
Head prominent, with a high vertical tuft. Front nearly square, 
rather higher than broad; slightly convex. Vertex small, with a low, 
conical central projection. Ocelli absent. Eyes large, naked, reaching 
as far as the front and above the vertex. Antenne inserted far apart, 
close to the margin of the eyes. In % lengthily bipectinate, the pec- 
tinations diminishing gradually, the distal third being bare. To judge 
from the fragments of a Q specimen with broken off antennz (only 6 
joints left to judge from), the ¢ antenne are 
apparently simple. Palpi exceeding front by 
two thirds their length ; second joint very 
large, third small. ‘Tongue weak, but 
moderately long, coiled. Thorax robust, 
about as broad as long. 
Primaries well drawn out, about twice as 
Neum. ¢. long as_ broad. Costa straight, apices 
(Enlarged about double its size.) pointed and exterior margins well rounded. 
Vein 1 free and straight, fureate at base. Median four branched. Vein 
2 arising very much beyond middle of cell; 4 and 5 approximate at 
their origin, at lower angle of cell. Cell closed, rather narrow and near 
to the costal edge. Cross vein bent inwardly at centre. A long, very 
narrow accessory cell, reaching from the’ apex of discal cell more than 
half way to apex of wing, its sides in apposition except at the two ex- 
tremities, so that it is closed for the greater part of its length. Vein 6 
from the under side of accessory cell, near its origin; 7 and 1o from the 
end of accessory cell, on each side of a stalk, which becomes furcate very 
close to the apex of wing, thus forming veins 8 and 9. Vein 11 from the 
subcostal beyond the middle of the discal cell, Vein 12 free from base, 
DYARIA SINGULARIS, 

14 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
—~ KR ‘ 
tea = \ J 
———— —_ —> “ ; 
\ 
= 
t = 
| ; 
\\ i 
\ 
\ / i \ 
\ ‘/ \. 
\, / Ay 
\ AY y 
\. 7 ‘ 
NS / 
/ YW 
U/ : 
Pood 
Sa 
Venation of wings and legs of Dyarta SINGULARIS, Neum, @. 
(Greatly Enlarged.) 
A furcate, false discal vein in discal cell, and a distinct submedian fold. 
Secondaries about as broad as long ; exterior margins well rounded, 
bluntly pointed at angle. Anal margins straight. Two internal veins. 
Median four branched, as in primaries. Vein 3 arising near lower angle 
of cell; 4 and 5 close together from the lower angle of cell, which is 
pointedly drawn out. Cell closed. Cross vein angulated, its lower, 
longer limb obliquely drawn out; its upper approximately at right angles 
to the subcostal. Veins 6 and 7 from the upper angle of the cell, 7 
united to 8 at a point about one-fifth of its length from origin, then free 
to exterior margin. Vein 8 free from base, except at its junction with 7, 
nearly straight, but slightly bent at the junction, not sinuate. Traces of 
a discal vein. 
Frenulum present; in 2 a long double spine; in ¢ a long spine 
fastened into a loop on the subcostal vein of primaries. 
Abdomen long and slender, exceeding secondaries by about one- 
fourth, thickest centrally, gently tapering ; slightly tufted. Legs long and 
slender ; the middle pair the longest, the others subequal. Anterior tibie 
unarmed, short, not longer than the first tarsal joint, with an epiphysis 
less than its own length, projecting with conical tip. Tarsi feebly spinu- 
lated, with terminal claws. Middle tibie with a pair of long, sharp 
apical spurs. Hind tibiz slightly enlarged centrally, quite long and 
thick, with submedian and apical pair of long spurs. 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 215 
Dedicated to my faithful co-labourer and friend Mr. H. G. Dyar. 
This is a very queer genus; although not a typical Liparid, I do 
not see any other way but to place it among the Liparide of our fauna. 
DvARIA SINGULARIS, mov. sec. 
Eyes black. Head, as well as hairy tuft on latter, yellowish-gray. 
Vertex between the stems of antenne blackish. Thorax yellowish-gray 
interspersed with black hair. 
Wings thickly scaled, whitish-gray with the following maculations in 
black or light brown :— 
Primaries: Three transverse lines in black. The t. a. line curving 
outwardly at centre. The basal space enclosed by it, densely scaled with 
blackish-brown hair from costa to interior margin. The t. p. line undu- 
lating, dented inwardly between median vein and interior margin. The 
cellular, as well as median space enclosed by the t. a. and t. p. lines, is 
whitish, densely dotted with black granules. A prominent black discal 
spot, tufted with yellowish hair. A subterminal line of black dots ; space 
between the latter and thet. p line of light brown. Subterminal space 
gray, with blackish shades along veins, and a terminal line of black dots 
at intersection of veins. Yellowish-brown fringes. 
Secondaries: An undulating mesial line, and a subterminal line of 
subtriangular dots, both of blackish colour. Mesian space light brown, 
subterminal space gray with black granules. A blackish terminal line, 
and a heavy tuft, along anal margin, of yellowish-gray. Fringes of the 
same colour. The basal space whitish with black grains. In the centre 
a distinct black discal spot, heavily tufted. Abdomen yellowish-gray, 
with black segmentary lines and white dorsal hair along latter. 
Below, both wings of lustrous yellowish-gray, showing blackish tints 
in apical part of submedian space of primaries, as well.as faint traces of 
the t. p. line. Very faint indications of transverse lines on secondaries. 
Lower part of thorax blackish. Legs yellowish-gray. Fore tibiz and 
tarsi blackish, the latter dotted with yellowish at sections. 
Expanse of wings, 26 mm. 
Length of body, 8 mm. 
Habitat: Bangor, Maine. 
Type: ¢@, coll. B. Neumoegen. 
Caught at electric light by Prof. Carl Braun, who also sent me the 
fragments of a 2 just good enough to make out the venation and to lead 
me to the belief that the @ antenne are probably simple. 
This is one of the most singular little Bombycids of our fauna, easily 
distinguished by its heavy scales and the hairy tufts on collar and discal 
dots. It resembles West Indian genera, as Prof. Smith nghtly remarked 
to me, but Prof. Braun assured me of its Maine origin, 

216 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 
THE, SPECIES ‘OF BUCOPTOCNEMIS,. 
BY A. R. GROTE, A. M., BREMEN, GERMANY. 
In 1874 I proposed the generic term Lucoptocnemis for the Heliophobus 
fimbriaris of Guenée, Noct. I., 172, whose statement that the species had 
two terminal spines on the anterior tibie rendered its reference to the genus 
ffeliophobus of Boisduval improbable. In reality our species appears not 
congeneric withthe European Hediophobus hispidus. Atthetime of proposing 
the genus I had no material. Later on I examined two or three specimens 
taken near the coast of Massachusetts, but they were so worn that I 
could not satisfactorily identify the species, while they probably belonged 
to Guenée’s fimbriaris. In a considerable collection from New York, 
which I have identified for the Bremen Museum, I find, however, quite a 
number of specimens which I determine as Guenée’s fimbriaris ; the 
material is generally well preserved, most of the insects are quite or 
sufficiently perfect, and both sexes are represented. An examination 
gives us the following structural characters:—The abbreviated anterior 
tibia show two longer terminal spines and a row of shorter spinules on 
each side. Besides the pair of calcaria, the inner “spur of which is 
shortest, the middle tibiz are also provided with svinules ; the hind tibie, 
with two pair of spurs, are also armed. ‘The testaceous legs are sparsely 
clothed with pale hair (allowing the armature to be easily studied), and in 
this respect showing affinity to our Western C/adocera niveivenosa, Grt. 
The antennz are long, in the male finely bipectinate, the pectinations 
gradually decreasing to the tips, in the female simple. The front is 
smooth, without tubercle. The palpi are somewhat divaricate, with short 
terminal article: The thorax is short and square, somewhat densely 
clothed with hair-like scales, pilose. The abdomen is comparatively 
short, not exceeding the secondaries, untufted, thinly scaled and rather 
weak. Wings broad, with the fringes long and even, unicolorous. Eyes 
naked, adorned with a variable pattern of black markings, unlashed. 
EUCOPTOCNEMIS FIMBRIARIS, Guen., V., 172 (/feliophobus ). 
Grt. Bull. B. S. N.S. L, (13), 1874, 
g9¢s,49s. Forewings broad, triangulate, silky, of a more or less 
determinate grayish-red, in some specimens the red is quite clear, some- 
what brickish in tint; this is the case in all the females examined. 
Maculation subobsolete. Orbicular reduced to a dark or blackish spot, 
Which in one or two individuals shows a few central pale scales. Reni- 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 217 
form upright, elongate, narrow, slightly constricted medially, yellowish, 
followed by a blackish arc and a more or less obvious blackish shading. 
Under the glass, the black scales are seen to extend along the folds and 
veins between the reniform and. the t. p. line, while the surface of the 
wing, generally, is seen to be sparsely peppered with black scales. ‘The 
reniform is also preceded by a curving black outline and the yellowish 
colour spreads a little above and below, so that Guenée’s comparison of 
its total shape to an elongated letter x becomes intelligible, though 
by no means obvious. These black markings tend to be lost in the rub- 
bed examples. The lines are seldom continuous and tend to become 
dotted or wholly lost, or are merely marked on costa. The t. p. line con- 
sists apparently of pale venular spots preceded by black dots. The t. a. 
line is in some specimens indicated, indented above and below, medially 
rounding outwardly. In one specimen the base of the wing shows a 
slight gathering or patch of black scales. Noticeably in the female speci- 
mens, which are perhaps fresher, the median lines appear as faint 
continuous black shades. The subterminal line is indicated by the slight 
difference in shade between the paler terminal and darker subterminal 
fields, the latter of which is marked on costa by a darker shading. A 
more or less obvious terminal line, sometimes well marked by interspaceal 
disconnected lunular marks. Hind wings variable in colour, usually 
quite pale with faint diffuse terminal shading, silky, in one male quite 
dark ; terminal line variable, occasionally absent. Palpi blackish out: 
wardly, and behind the eye usually some blackish scales. ‘Thorax like 
forewings ; front and collar somewhat paler. Abdomen quite pale or 
whitish. Beneath, the forewings are darker, the hind wings pale, the 
colours even, all markings lost. The male specimens vary in expanse 
from 28 to 36 mil. ; Guence gives 35 mil. The females average 33 mil., 
as near as may be. 
Var. SORDIDA. 
5 fs,4 Qs. The colour is entirely sordid grey, without trace of red. 
Under the glass I have, however, detected about costa a faint reddish tinge in 
some of thepaler specimens. Theyellowtinge of the reniform is less obvious. 
The lines are generally more distinct and continuous, and even the 
median shade line is often evident running near the reniform, which latter 
seems to indicate in this species the closure of the median cell, and is 
always the most prominent mark of fimériaris. In one specimen of 
sordida, the basal patch is marked. ‘There can be no doubt that. this is 

918 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
an extraordinary and easily recognizable colour variety of fimbriaris, 
although at first sight it might be taken for a distinct species. From the 
present collection it would seem to be as common as the typical reddish 
form. ‘Types in Mus. Brem. 
Eucoptocnemis fimbriaris would seem to be a local insect, since I have, 
with the one exception above noted, never before met with it in any collec- 
tion submitted to me, nor have I ever collected it myself. It would seem 
to be not only quite variable, but its scanty markings are also easily 
removed by attrition, when it presents a vague and pale appearance, only 
the reniform being indicated. ‘The insect is best known by its bipectinate 
male antennze, its pilose thorax and weak body parts, the armature of its 
thinly clothed legs, the well-developed fringes, silky and comparatively 
wide wings. Superficially it rather resembles some of the red species of 
Agrotis. It is probable that the median lines, if fully developed, would 
be double, with pale included shade, judging from those specimens in which 
they are marked on costa. ‘They would then correspond with the yellow- 
ish reniform, which appears as a broad abbreviated line or bar, edged 
with black. But, in the specimens before me, the lines are usually 
obliterate and, even in one fresh male, their location can be barely made 
out, though with the help of the microscope. I trust before long some 
locality will be found for this interesting noctuid, and its history be fully 
made out. 
NORTH AMERICAN THYSANURA.—III. 
BY ALEX. D. MACGILLIVRAY, ITHACA, N. Y. 
Synopsis Family JAPyGID&. 
The family Japygide has representatives in almost all parts of the 
world. Nearly a dozen species have been described, the majority of 
which are from Europe. The species are local and rare, and not usually 
found north or south of about 4o° of latitude. Only a single genus is 
known—/apyx. 
JAPYGID. 
Antenne multiarticulate; prothorax minute; tarsi biunguiculate ; 
claws equal ; abdomen with ten segments; segments one to seven with 
bristle-like rudimentary abdominal appendages ; caudal appendages un- 
segmented, horny, pincer-like. 
The characters of the single genus are the same with those of the 
family. 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 219 
The species can be easily separated by means of the following key :— 
A.—Right arm of the forceps with a single large tooth. 
B.—Antenne with forty-five to forty-eight segments............ 
SARS eae a AT oncie es Gitte Soke eee ce tee Saussuriz, Humbert. 
BB.—Antenne with about thirty segments.......swbterraneus, Pack. 
AA.—Right arm of the forceps with two large teeth; antennz with 
EWENty fOr SEMIMENES Wasccc.t os ece sacs cones americana, MacG. 
JSapyx Saussurit, Humbert. 
Head quadrangular, not broader than long; antenne 45—48-jointed, 
segments cylindrical ; prothorax very little more than half as broad as the 
head, truncate in front; abdomen broader behind, segments immaculate, 
segments one to four rounded on the sides behind, fifth and sixth with 
their hind angles obtuse, the seventh slightly broader than sixth, much 
broader and overtopping the eighth, emarginate behind, the posterior 
angles produced in long, slender spines, lateral margins broadly rounded, 
seventh and eighth subequal in length, the eighth broadly, deeply, acutely 
emarginate before, the posterior angles not produced, the sides straight, 
ninth one-third the length of the eighth, posterior angles not produced, 
tenth slightly shorter than the forceps, the tenth and forceps together 
slightly longer than the four preceding segments ; right arm of the forceps 
slightly broader than the left, inner margin concave, a large tubercle at 
middle, two smaller rounded tubercles before the larger tubercle, equi- 
distant from the larger tubercle and from each other; beyond the larger 
tubercle the inner margin is slightly convex, with smaller tubercles, which 
become smaller and smaller, from the large tubercle for two-thirds the 
remaining length of the arm, the remaining third smooth; the left arm is 
broadest at base, with a large tubercle just before the middle, a smaller 
tubercle midway between the base and the large tubercle, beyond the 
large tubercle for a short distance there are small rounded tubercles, 
beyond which the inner margin is crenulate, the apical half beyond the 
large tubercle is smooth; the antennz, underside of the legs, body and 
forceps covered with stiff yellow bristles ; segments 1-7 with rudimentary 
appendages, the apical bristle long, stout, apical half brown. 
Length, 20 mm.; length of the antenne, 8 mm.; length of the abdomen, 
13 mm.; length of the last abdominal segment and forceps, 5 mm. 
Habitat—Orizaba, Mexico (Lawrence Bruner), 
BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
Japyx, Haliday. 
1864.—Haliday, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., XXIV., 442; pl, XLIV. 

220 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
1873.—Lubbock, Monog. Collem. Thysan., 215. 
1887.—Karsch, Berl. Ent. Zeit., XXXI., 154. 
Saussurit, Humbert. 
1868 —/apyx, Humbert, Rev., et Mag. Zool., ; pl., XXIT., 1-5. 
1886.—/apyx, Packard, Amer. Nat., XX., 38 a 
1891t.—/apyx, MacGillivray, Can. ENt., XXIIL, 269. 
subterraneus, Pack. 
1874.—/apyx, Amer. Nat., VIII., sor. 
1891.—/apyx, MacGillivray, Can. Ent., XXIII, 2 
1893.—/apyx, MacGillivray, Can. Enr., XXV., 173 
americana, MacG. 
1893.—/apyx, MacGillivray, Can. Ent., XXV., 174. 
A. NEW SPECIES. OF) sVPOPTA. 
BY HARRISON G. DYAR, NEW YORK. 
An interesting species of Hypopta has been sent to me by Mr. 
T. D. A. Cockerell, from Las Cruces, New Mexico. It appears to be un- 
described. 
Hypopta THEODOR], 7. Sf. 
White ; head white, the large eves black; pectinations of antennz 
blackish ; collar white; thorax clothed with light gray hairs, mixed with 
white ; legs heavily clothed, obscurely annulate with gray near the tips. 
Abdomen banded with clouded pale gray above, white below.  Fore- 
wings white, the basal half immaculate except for a few minute black dots 
along the costal edge and internal margin. These dots become more dis- 
tinct toward the apex on costa. In the interspaces, and beyond the cell 
from vein 2 to apex of wing, is a series of diffusely clouded, strigose, 
pale purplish-gray patches, separated by a white space along the veins, 
and divided alsotransversely in a somewhat irregular manner. Along 
the discal cross-vein and near the origin of te discal and subcostal 
venules, the colour of these markings shades into blackish, where they 
abruptly terminate. ‘Terminally, they become more obscure and strigose, 
leaving the fringe white. Hind wings similarly marked, but the markings 
are entirely pale purplish-gray, and form a series of intervenular clouded 
spots in three or four indistinct rows between middle of wing and margin, 
Beneath the markings are repeated in a somewhat leaden gray, rather 
more diffusely than on upper surface. Coste of both wings with a row 
of gray dots and terminal dots on both. Fringe white, as above. Ex- 
panse, 29 mm. Length of body, 15 mm. 
Described from a single example taken July 16, at Las Cruces, New 
Mexico, ‘a dry, flat, sandy locality, with hardly any trees but cottonwood 
and cultivated fruits. Its altitude above the sea is 3,800 feet.” I have 
named the species in honour of Mr. Cockerell, whose labours in Usk ento- 
mological field are worthy of general recognition, 
9: 

Les, 
a 
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 221 
A NEW LECANIUM FROM CANADA. 
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, LAS CRUCES, NEW MEXICO. 
In a box of Canadian Coccide lately sent to me by Mr. J. Fletcher, 
there are several species of ZLecanium, including one which appears to be 
new, and is described herewith. 
Lecanium Fletchert, n. sp. 
Belongs to subg. Eu/ecanium. 
Q Scale dark reddish-brown, hemispherical, shiny, not at all elongate, 
more or less wrinkled or with depressions ; posterior cleft short, with one 
or two filaments of white secretion protuding from it. Length, 2 two- 
thirds mm., breadth nearly the same ; height, 114 mm. (apex depressed). 
Derm yellowish-brown (prepared by boiling in caustic soda); distinctly 
reticulate, reticulations mostly hexagonal and pentagonal. Gland pits 
distinct towards the margin, numerous, large, sometimes in pairs. Mar- 
gin with short simple spines, not very numerous. 
Legs very small, ordinary ; femur longer than tibia; tibia about 
longer than tarsus, ‘Tarsal knobbed hairs very long and slender, with 
distinct though small knobs. 
Antenne 7-jointed ; 1 longer than broad, 2 shorter than 1 or 3, 3 and 
4 about equal, hardly equal to 1; 5 and 6 equal, and much shortest; 7 
about or nearly as long as 5 + 6, and about as‘long as 2, or a little 
shorter. Formula r (34) (27) (56). The seventh joint has a false joint 
about its middle, which in one antenna was €o distinct that it was difficult 
not to believe it a true joint. First joint with a long hair, second with 
two hairs, 4 and 5 each with a hair, 6 with two, 7 with three distinct hairs. 
Larva: Of the usual shape, pale-yellowish ; caudal filaments nearly 
straight but with an outward curve, the ends usually bending inwards and 
crossing. Each side of the abdomen with 7 short hairs. Last joint of 
antenne emitting four long hairs. Legs with clubbed digitules about twice 
as long as the claw, and long tarsal clubbed hairs. 
Food-plant : The specimens are labelled, “ on Thuja, ‘ cedar.’ ” 
Hab. : No locality is given by Mr. Fletcher ; very probably the speci- 
mens were on a cultivated tree at Ottawa. 
L. Fletcheri differs decidedly from any species hitherto found on 
coniferous plants, and seems most nearly allied to Z. guercitronis, which 
it much resembles. Mr. Fletcher sent me some scales on Quercus Coccinea, 
which I believe to be Z. guercitronis, Fitch. Z. /etcher’, compared with 
these, is shorter and more globose,and the posterior cleft is decidedly shorter, 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
bo 
bo 
bo 
arasite: In a scale of “LZ. /letchert I found three specimens of a 
Chalcidid parasite. Ihave not identified the species (very likely it is 
undescribed), but the following descriptive notes will probably suffice for 
its recognition :— 
Head and thorax dark metallic green; abdomen brown, shovel-shaped ; 
Ovipositor just projecting. Eyes hairy. Antennz brown, with the two 
joints before the club white. ‘Tarsi 5-jointed, first joint of middle tarsus 
longer than 2+ 3+ 4, last longer than 3+4. Middle tibia with a very 
stout, straight spur, but front tibia with a smaller curved spur. Front 
femora brown, with the end white ; middle femora whitish tinged with 
brown ; hind femora all brown, Front tibiz brown, with the end white ; 
middle tibiz white, with a brown cloud on proximal half; hind tibie 
brown, with both ends white. ‘Tarsi all white. Wings hyaline; stigmal 
club bifid. A hairless line springs from near stigmal vein and proceeds 
obliquely downwards and inwards. Three long hairs spring from a point 
on the side of the abdomen. 
SYNOPSIS OF THE DIPTEROUS GENUS PSILOCEPHALA, 
BY D. W. COQUILLETT, LOS ANGELES, CAL. 
The following table contains all the species of Psz/ocepha/a known to 
me as occurring in America, north of Mexico, with the addition of one 
species from Jamaica, West Indies. «The Z/ereva crassicornis, Williston 
(Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XIIIs, 293, vo Bellardi), is a true Pszlocephada ; 
California specimens collected by Mr. O. T. Baron were submitted to me 
by Mr. J. M. Aldrich, of Brookings, South Dakota, who kindly placed his 
Therevide at my disposal. ‘The Zzhereva tergissa, Say, is also a Psiloce- 
phala; specimens from Florida, the habitat of Say’s original specimens, 
were contained in a very interesting collection of Therevidz sent me by 
Mr. C. W. Johnson, of Philadelphia, Pa., who had identified the specimens 
in question as probably belonging to Say’s species. As I cannot find that 
Say’s name had previously been used in this genus, I have adopted it in 
preference to the later one, corusca, proposed by Wiedemann. Pszloce- 
phala erythrura, Loew, is evidently a synonym of pictipennis, Wied. 
The Zhereva nigra of Say, although placed in Pszlocephala by Osten 
Sacken (Catalogue of the described Diptera, page 95), is a true Zhereva; 
in his original description, Say distinctly says: ‘‘ Hypostoma and all be- 
neath with gray minute hair.” [I have a ZAereva from Southern California 
which agrees in all respects with Say’s description, and as other species 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
of this family are known to extend across the continent (I have examined 
specimens of TZzereva comata from California and New Hampshire, 
Psilocephala haemorrhoidatis from New Jersey to Arizona), there is strong 
reason for believing that this is the true Zhereva nigra of Say. For the 
species that has hitherto borne Say’s name in collections, I have adopted 
Macquart’s name of haemorrhoidalis (described under Zhereva), since it 
is very probable that this author had specimens of the present species 
before him when drawing up the description to which the above name is 
attached. 
Psilocephala melampodia, platancala, variegata and levigata are un- 
known to me except from the descriptions ; of the remaining species I 
have seen only males of me/anopfrocta and notata, and only females of 
rufiventris and scutellaris. 
The table of species is as follows :— 
t. Fourth posterior cell open ; front wholly opaque and covered with 
pollen .. Ms Wieike 2 
Fourth pasteriot cell areted anak tisttalty metinlatels Easel a HO 
2. Femora black, or REECE BMSw RR LitateE, CNL. eile gost 3 
Femora and knob of halteres yellow,........ | Slossoni, N. SP. 
montivaga, N. Sp. 
3. Wings destitute of blackish spots, except sometimes on the cross- 
veins. Miatlsaens ; 4 
Wings maried eine over a haere blackish spate, many Co eine are 
not situated on the cross-veins ; abdomen wholly opaque ; anten- 
nal style nearly half as long as the third joint....... tergissa, Say. 
4. Knob of halteres blackish-brown. Be: 5 
Knob of halteres, and Eepopyeiur of ales yellow: feet aie Wicd 
antennal joints subequal in length, the a nearly half as long 
asmtmerthineseyommtrsiscrsd .<n2 ele! ; ieipehee MOLALE,, Tk SP. 
5. Thorax marked with light and dark colotiveldl vittee . RAN CGE uote © (05 
AOR AKMING BH VATEALS Sere ek 12. eNO dre Salake:s een CO em saithet hay 8 
6. Tibiz yellow. . dale : : ER Nt oak 
Tibiz black, aieonten af feitilie leeern cknices i ae Loew. 
7. First joint of antenne much longer than the third, and extremely 
robust ; California species. A acy we... .crassicornis, Will. 
First joni of antenne oa banter Even the third and not 
unusually robust ; Florida species.......-.. . festina, n. sp. 
8. Tibiz black, cross-veins of the wings not hoedened with brown ; 

224 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
Se = —————__. 
Garonne Species: :....s. <2 %kus-% .Ne ee eee ele) 
Tibiz yellow, cross-veins of wings bordered with nto n; Eastern 
SPR CLES mend oy: mica aieey. alae eae ee pee Loew. 
9. Third joint of antenne re longer chan ihege pile in front of 
the halteres, and on the abdomen and legs, wholly 
MGC a a oe: 30d ero, eR ek eae ek ee ..baccata, N. sp. 
Third joint of antennze twice as long as ee pits in front of the 
halteres,and on the abdomen and legs, largely black.pavida, n. sp. 
10. Scutellum black. caged tae Gotiag Mine we we: mrt | 
Scutellum orange- set wings Herontl ie mada maplad tae two | 
dark gray cross-bands..... eke, Ss tis hies dee SEULOLLOF ES, COem, 
11, Abdomen black. rete ee : Phi ena | 
Abdomen etree orange-red, wings bes Jaa ce aniale eee | 
with two dark-gray cross-bands..............rufiventris, Loew. 
12. Wings destitute of dark-gray cross- bane: Say Meee rigs ai oat 
Wings beyond the middle marked with two aura gray cross- Banas 
much abbreviated in the male ; two widely separated thoracic 
vitte, and the apex of the scutellum, deep velvet 
lace eth Be onde ene etnenaded . .pictipennis, Wied. 
13. Front wholly opaque antl Begered with sotien, tibize largely, 
VONOW ge c-uvs «niche in cheilde, £2 anntuly. Saas, 2g eee ene eee ee 
Bront panily SHO < «an.4 ce Se es ey ae ie a ee 
14. Knob of halteres, proboscis and ame eelloae. aera Rr ene. 3) A | 
Knob of halteres, proboscis, palpi and Lone ium of the male, | 
black ; eastern species...................melanoprocta, Loew. 
15. Antenne yellow ; California ony ind sce ave gen sey (Oe GO A ee 
Antenne black ; Jamaica species..................0bscura, 1. Sp. 
TG... Vibise largely or wholly yerlow. isa» on Sales ak iene ee 
Tibize and marginal cell wholly vee coors species. costa/is, Loew. 
$72. Knob of halterées) blackish). 1. 5. wade cc alan Ava .19 | 
Knob of halteres and een ee of male yellow, ent shining 
except on its lower corners. eae siete aie FO 
18. First joint of antennz three- (cuits as Gione as the third, wings 
hyaline, the veins never clouded with brown.....A/drichii, n. sp. 
LOe Femora blackish: ant. Su: detec udtetcdyath tsa oS Gee See eee 
Femora yellow.. daha Ge S les he wield a per eee ees ae gee 
20. Pollinose spots on lower corners of the front contiguous ; wings 
nearly hyalime! ye vss gine 5a ec ome ade arate gual ee ee BRO EIE IeEs 
? ? 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 205 
—___ 
Pollinose spots separated by a wide interval; wings smoky- 
brown. B ise: BP Bek SS Ue CNR eae ae . Johnsoni, n. sp. 
. Front chinine oxcent on each tower corner. Si hie geMeea Set alcake 22 
Front having the lower third opaque ouiinaSeee Wien. munda,; Loew. 
22. Costal cell blackish-gray, veins bordered with Sees Loew. 
Costal cell hyaline, veins not bordered. ns Say Raa : #28 
23. Pollinose spots on lower corners of the fiat contiguous. aon Sidied: 
Pollinose spots separated by a wide interval. .aemorrhoidalis, Macq. 
Psilocephala festina, n. sp.— ~ Black, the abdomen brownish, the 
tibie and base of tarsi yellow. Front and face silvery-white pollinose, 
eyes narrowly separated by a white pollinose interval ; first antennal joint 
two-thirds as long as the third, style slender, cylindrical, nearly half as 
long as the third joint, the latter one and one-fourth times as wide as the 
second joint ; bristles of antenne and of upper pert of occiput black, 
pile of lower part of occiput and of the mouth parts white. Thorax 
lightly white pollinose and with three grayish-black vitte, pile very short, 
mixed white and black, bristles black, pleura and scutellum white 
pollinose, scutellum bearing only two bristles. Abdomen wholly silvery- 
white pollinose and sparse white pilose, that on the hypopygium and on 
the fourth and following segments of the venter largely black ; wings 
hyaline, apex of subcostal cell yellowish, fourth posterior cell broadly 
open. 
@ Same as the ¢, except: Front grayish-white pollinose. Abdomen 
shining, except a white pollinose spot on each side of the first, fifth and 
sixth segments and a crossband on the posterior margin of the second and 
third segments. Length, 6 to 7 mm. Florida (Johnson). 
Pstlocephala morata,n. sp.— ¢ Same as festina, with these exceptions : 
Palpi, knob of halteres and hypopygium yellow ; upper third of the front 
brown pellinose, eyes not separated by a white interval ; first antennal 
joint nearly as long as the third, the latter nearly twice as wide as the 
second. ‘Thorax opaque, grayish-biack pollinose. Scutellum bearing 
four bristles. Pile of entire venter white. 
9 Same as the ¢, except: Lower third of front white pollinose, the 
remaining portion blackish brown pollinose. Abdomen shining black, 
first segment and posterior margins of the second, third, fifth and sixth 
segments white pollinose, the narrow hind margins of the first three seg- 
ments white; sparse pile of abdomen and venter largely black, except 
that of the first segment, which is light-coloured. Wings gravish-hyaline, 

226 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
the stigma yellowish. Length, 6 to 7 mm. New Jersey, Florida 
(Johnson). 
Psilocephala baccata, 0. sp.— g Wholly black, including the tibia, 
halteres and hypopygium ; posterior margin of the second and third abdo- 
minal segments, both dorsally and ventrally, sometimes narrowly white. 
Pollen of face gravish-white, that on the lower half ‘of the front somewhat 
brownish, on the upper half black ; pile of head white, a few on the front 
and vertex black, bristles of occiput and of antenne black. First joint 
of antennz nearly twice as long as broad, the third joint once and a-half 
as broad as, but not quite as long as, the first, being scarcely longer than 
broad. Thorax very lightly gray pollinose, not vittate, the pile and 
bristles black, the surface sparsely covered with appressed light-yellow 
tomentum. Pleura, abdomen and venter densely silvery-white pollinose 
and white pilose, pile of abdomen appressed. Pile of femora and coxe 
white, the bristles, as well as those of the tibiz and tarsi, black. Wings 
hyaline, stigma brown ; fourth posterior cell open. 
2 Same as the ¢, with these exceptions: Pollen on upper three- 
fourths of front brownish-gray, that on the lower fourth white and with a 
round black spot next each eye at the junction of these two colours, 
Abdomen and venter shining black, the posterior margin of the second, 
third and fifth segments silvery-white pollinose, broadest on the fifth, 
Length, 5 to 7mm. Los Angeles and San Bernardino Counties, 
California. Twelve males and two females, in May. 
Psilocephala pavida, n. sp.— ¢ Differs from the above description of 
baccata only as follows: Third joint of antenn twice as long as broad. 
Pile in front of halteres largely black ; pollen of abdomen black, that on 
posterior margin of the second and third segments light-gray ; pile of 
abdomen black, that on the first segment and apices of the rema‘ning 
segments whitish. Pile of coxe and femora largely black. 
Length, 6 mm. Los Angeles County, California. A single specimen; 
in April. 
Psilocephala montivaga, 0. sp.— Black, the knob of the halteres, 
femora, tibize, and base of the tarsi, yellow. Front brown pollinose, that 
next the antennz yellow, a spot on each side next the eyes and a median 
triangle, black pollinose; face yellow pollinose; pile and bristles of 
antenne, pile of front and bristles of occiput, black, pile of occiput and. 
of mouth parts white. Antennze of nearly an equal width, the third joint 
tapering slightly to the apex, first joint three-fourths as long as the third, 

es 
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 227 
style one-fifth as long as the third antennal joint. ‘Thorax yellow polli- 
nose, that each side more gray, marked with three broad black stripes ; 
pile of thorax short, sparse, mixed black and yellow, the bristles black ; 
pleura gray pollinose, its pile white. Scutellum black pollinose, that on 
the margin grayish-yellow, its pile sparse, yellow, the four bristles black. 
Abdomen shining, except the first segment, base of the second and sides 
of the first four segments, which are gray pollinose ; pile of the first four 
segments mixed yellow and black, that on the remaining segments wholly 
black. Wings grayish-hyaline, stigma yellow, fourth posterior cell broadly 
open. 
@ Same as the 2, except that the abdomen is wholly silvery-white 
pollinose, its pile wholly yellow ; hypopygium yellow, its pile yellow and 
black. Length, 10 to 13 mm. Los Angeles County, Cal. One male and 
two females, in June. 
Psilocephala Slossoni, n. sp.—@ Black, the palpi, halteres, femora, 
tibize, and base of tarsi, yellow. Face and front grayish-brown pollinose, 
front with two velvet black spots at its middle adjacent to the eyes ; pile 
of front, occiput, mouth parts and of antennz whitish, bristles of antenne 
and of upper part of occiput black ; third antennal joint three-fourths as 
long as the first, scarcely wider than the second, first joint nearly twice 
as wide as the second, the style one-third as long as the third joint. 
Thorax brownish-gray pollinose, marked with two narrowly separated 
median grayish-black vittee and with a much broader lateral one ; pile of 
thorax light-yellow, the bristles black ; pleura whitish pollinose and white 
pilose. Scutellum brownish-gray pollinose, white pilose, its four bristles 
black. Abdomen grayish-brown pollinose, that on apex of each segment 
broadly light-gray, the pile whitish. Wings gray, lighter in the middle of 
the cells, leaving a dark-gray border to the veins ; stigma brown, fourth 
posterior cell broadly open. 
Length, ro mm. New Hampshire (Johnson). A single female speci- 
men, collected by Mrs. A. T. Slosson, after whom the species is named. 
Psilocephala Aldrichti, n. sp.— & Black, the knob of the halteres, 
hypopygium, tibiz and base of tarsi yellow, posterior margin of the 
second and third abdominal segments white. Front shining, its lower 
comers, not extending halfway to base of antennee, white pollinose, like 
the face. Pile of mouth parts and of occiput white, that of the cheeks 
largely black, bristles of upper part of occiput and of the antennz also 
black. First joint of antenne three-fourths as long as the third, the 

228 THE CANADIAN ENTCMOLOGIST. 
latter narrowly lanceolate, six times as long as the style. ‘Thorax some- 
what shining, marked with two white pollinose vitte scarcely half as wide 
as the interval between them, and sometimes indistinct; pile of thorax 
and of scutellum whitish or yellow, that of the pleura white ; scutellum 
bearing four black bristles. Abdomen lightly white pollinose, its sides, 
except on the first segment, shining, the pile white, that near the apex 
below and on the hypopygium sometimes partly black. Wings hyaline, 
the veins and stigma light-yellow ; fourth postericr cell closed and 
petiolate. 
? Same as the ¢, except that the abdomen is not wholly pollinose,and 
its pile is largely black. Length, 7 to8 mm. New Jersey (Johnson), 
Montana, Wyoming (Aldrich), aod California. Four males and one 
female, in July. I take pleasure in naming this species in honour of Mr. 
J. M. Aldrich, from whom one of the specimens was received. 
Psilocephala Johnsoni, n. sp.—@Q Black, the femora, tibiz, base of 
tarsi1, and posterior margin of the second, third, fourth and fifth ventral 
segments, yellow. Front shining, each lower corner and the face white 
pollinose ; bristles of antennze and of upper part of occiput black, pile of 
lower part of occiput and of the mouth parts white ; first antennai joint 
slightly longer than the third, the latter one-fourth wider than the second, 
style one-fifth as long as the third joint. Thorax grayish-brown pollinose, 
marked with two widely separated light-gray pollinose vitte, the sides 
broadly shining ; pile of thorax short, and like the bristles, black ; pleura 
white pollinose, its pile white. Scutellum shining, except the gray polli- 
nose margin, its bristles black. Abdomen shining, the first segment 
lightly white pollinose, posterior margins of the second and third segments 
white, a large white pollinose spot on each side of the fifth segment, the 
two spots almost contiguous ; pile of abdomen mostly black; venter 
white pollinose, pile of the first three segments white, the rest black. 
Wings smoky-brown, the middle of some of the cells lighter, stigma 
darker brown, fourth posterior cell closed and petiolate. 
Length,g mm. Florida. A single specimen received from Mr. C. W. 
Johnson, to whom it gives me pleasure to dedicate this interesting 
species. 
Psilocephala marcida, n. sp.— 3 Black, the antenne, proboscis, palpi, 
halteres, hypopygium, femora, tibiz except apex of each, and base of 
tarsi, yellow, the femora and abdomen sometimes brown ; posterior margin 
ef the second, third, fourth and fifth abdominal segments, both dorsally 
Stns cer & 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 929 
and ventrally, white. Head (usually) and entire body densely white polli- 
nose, but that of the head sometimes yellow ; the pile white. Antenne 
having the first joint once and a-half as long as broad, slightly shorter 
than the third joint, the latter nearly as broad as long. Wings whitish 
hyaline, stigma yellow; faint clouds are perceptible on the cross- 
veins ; fourth posterior cell closed and petiolate. 
Length, 8 mm. Los Angeles and San Diego Counties, California. 
Two specimens. 
Psilocephala obscura, n. sp.— 2 Black, the palpi, proboscis, tibiz, 
base of tarsi, knob of halteres, posterior margins of the second, third 
and fourth abdominal segments, and the greater portion of the three 
following segments, yellow. Front and face brownish-gray pollinose, 
short pile of front, bristles of antennz and of upper part of the occiput, 
black, pile of lower part of occiput and of the mouth parts white ; first 
and third antennal joints subequal in length, style one-third as long as the 
third joint, the latter nearly twice as wide as the second joint, Thorax 
grayish-brown pollinose and with two widely separated light-gray pollinose 
vittee ; pile of thorax mixed yellow and black, the bristles black ; pile and 
pollen of pleura white, scutellum grayish-brown pollinose, that around 
the margin light-gray, the four bristles black. Abdomen shining, the first 
segment lightly pollinose, posterior margins of the second, third and 
fourth segments, and greater portion of the fifth and sixth, white pollinose; 
pile of first two segments yellowish, that on the remaining segments and 
on the venter largely black. Wings hyaline, stigma yellow, fourth 
posterior cell closed in the margin. 
Length, 7 mm. Kingston, Jamaica (Johnson). A single specimen. 
ON SOME LEPIDOPTEROUS LARV4 ON ALFALFA. 
BY C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND, KINGSTON, JAMAICA, W. I. 
During the last two years a considerable number of rather small 
lepidopterous larve have been found on alfalfa (Medicago sativa) in 
Southern New Mexico. In the material collected there are nine distinct 
species represented. None of them have beenbred. These larve are of 
considerable economic importance, as they occasion a certain amount of 
injury to the alfalfa crop, which is the surest and most paying crop of the 
Mesilla valley. They are of some scientific interest also, since hardly 
anything is recorded of alfalfa insects. It is therefore thought advisable 
to publish the following descriptions of these larvae, which were made 

230) THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 
some time ago, and which will serve to identify them on the alfalfa plant 
hereafter, besides giving an idea of the forms which occur: on alfalfa in 
this locality. They were all collected in Las Cruces. The figures in 
parentheses refer to the alcoholic specimens of the species in the ento- 
mological collection of the New Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station. 
(a).—SMALL, BROWNISH AND BRISTLY LARVA. 
Stage 2.—Length, 2 to 214 mm. Brownish or blackish. Five pairs of 
prolegs on segments 7 to 10 and 13. Head distinct, chitinous, shining pol- 
ished black ; dorsum of prothorax also chitinous, emarginate behind, black- 
ish. Rest of larva brownish, each segment with twelve circular dot-like 
raised blackish papille in an irregular transverse row, each papilla bearing: 
a black hair. Rows on thoracic segments straighter. Head and _ pro- 
thorax also hairy. It is barely to be perceived that the whole integument 
is covered with microscopically short, bristly pubescence. Ten specimens. 
Stage 3.—Length, 3 to 4mm. _ Ffead black, variegated with brownish, 
or wholly’ very light, even pale-yellowish. Proscutum black. Ground 
colour of larva about same as in preceding stage ; tubercles a little more 
conical in form, black. The spiracles must not be mistaken for tubercles, 
the former being smaller and showing on most of the segments in all the 
stages. Microscopic bristly pubescence of integument slightly more 
evident. Seventeen specimens. ’ 
Stage 4,—Length, 5 to 5% mm. Head usually very light, with four 
faintly mottled areas of brownish; prothorax rather light, but oftener 
of the brown colour of rest of body. ‘Tubercles more strikingly conical. 
The integument shows very plainly the short, stubby, whitish and brownish 
bristles, usually in longitudinal whitish and brownish rows. Nine speci- 
mens. 
Stage 5.—Length, 51 to 7 mm. Head large, very pale-yellowish, 
only three of the mottled faint brownish areas, the one near oral margin 
being more or less obsolete. Black tubercles or papilla very conical ; 
hairs longer and stouter, the larva therefore appearing somewhat more 
bristly. “The stubby, bristly growth of integument is very apparent in its 
narrow, longitudinal, alternating white and brown rows. Eight specimens. 
Stage 6.—Length, 7% to 9 mm. Head about same as preceding 
stage. Prothorax darker. The white longitudinal rows of stubby bristles 
showing most plainly in the median region, and on each side. Five 
specimens. ; 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 931 
Stage 7.—Length, 9% to 1omm. Larger, brownish in general colour, 
broadly whitish laterally on sides, and the stubby bristles of integument 
showing very plainly, the white rows mostly on median region. Three 
specimens. 
The above stages have heen separated solely by examination, but are 
probably approximately correct. Described from alcoholic specimens, 
swept from alfalfa May 28, 1891. Specimens of the same larva, from 3 
to 7 mm. long, had been previously swept from alfalfa, May g to 12. 
General colour noted in life. (Nos. 18, 30.) 
(6).—YELLOWISH LARVA, WITH BLACK WARTS OR TUBERCLES. 
Length, nearly 7 mm. Five pairs of prolegs, on usual segments. 
Hardly any hairs above, rather long hairs on sides and below, all these 
hairs directed downward. Head black, with a yellow triangular area in 
middle, and with yellowish oral region and antenne. Prothorax with 
six black spiniferous tubercles in a transverse row, and two, blackish 
markings on posterior border. Other thoracic segments with the same 
six black tubercles, and also with two similar but somewhat smaller 
yellowish tubercles, one on each side of the median pair of black ones. 
All the abdominal segments, except the anal, with the same tubercles as 
last two thoracic segments, but each in addition with a median anterior 
pair of small blackish tubercles situated between and slightly anterior to 
the median large pair. 
One specimen, swept from alfalfa May 12, 1891. Colour noted in life. 
(No. 79.) 
(c).— PALE GREENISH, NEARLY BARE’ LARVA. . 
Length, 8 mm, Light-greenish, inclining to brownish posteriorly, with a 
whitish stripe on each side of the body. Five usual pairs of prolegs. Integu- 
ment bare and without hairs,except on venter. Head and feet lightcoloured, 
pale-yellowish. Methorax with a pair of black spots on dorsum, each spot 
just inside the lateral white stripe. Fifth (first abdominal) segment with 
a pair of larger black spots, one on each side just outside or below the 
lateral whitish stripe. Each of the lateral whitish stripes with two narrow 
brown lines running its whole length and more approximated to lower 
border. The greenish median portion has three lighter narrow longitu- 
dinal lines, one being median, and the outer ones very closely approxi- 
mated to the lateral whitish stripes. 
One specimen, swept May 9, t89t. Colour noted after a few days’ 
immersion in alcohol, (No. 29.) 

939 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
(@).—PALE-VELLOWISH, RATHER STOUT AND QUITE HAIRY LARVA, WITH 
BROWNISH STRIPES. 
Length, ro mm. Ground colour very pale-yellowish or whitish. Five 
usual pairs of prolegs. Head, prothorax, anal segment and whole ventral 
surface especially pale. A lateral rather wide stripe on each side encloses 
the spiracles ; each section of it, corresponding to an abdominal segment 
(except on anal), marked by the spiracle in the centre, and extended into 
a sharp prolongation dorsad, ventrad and caudad (especially the first two), 
bearing a small dark papilla from which springs a long hair; a similar 
papilla below the sections bears a similar hair. Dorsum of larva with 
three pairs of brownish longitudinal lines, a median and two lateral ones. 
Between these are whitish and pale-brownish lines, the dorsal integument 
being covered with short, stubby bristles of these colours; and each seg- 
ment with two pairs of light, smooth and naked tubercles, each bearing a 
rather long hair, the anterior pair of tubercles more approximated to each 
other than the hind pair. The head and prothorax also bear hairs. 
One specimen, swept May 28th, r89t. (No. 228) 
(¢).—GREEN LARVA, WITH A WHITISH LINE ALONG EACH SIDE OF BODY. 
Length, 14 mm. Venter light. Usual five pairs of prolegs. Whole 
surface of body, both above and below, evenly and quite thickly clothed 
with fine, short hairs. Head concolorous, similarly clothed with hairs. 
Hairs arising each from a small, black, dot-like tubercle, which occupies 
the centre of a circular naked areole, the rest of the epidermis being 
covered with microscopic black spines which appear only as_ closely 
approximated minute specks under a high power lens. These areoles are 
particularly distinct on dorsal regions, somewhat less so on sides of 
venter, the median ventral region and head not showing the microscopic 
epidermal specks. The dots from which the hairs arise are also absent 
on median ventral region. The principal segments show five transverse 
wrinkles or folds above, dividing the dorsum of the segment into six 
transverse sections ; each section usually bears a row of areoles, though 
some have additional ones irregularly interspersed, which are usually: 
smaller. These transverse wrinkles stop at the whitish Jateral line on, 
each side, which defines the lateral edge of dorsum. 
One specimen, swept May 12, 189t. Colour noted in life. (No. 78.). 
(/).—GREEN LARVA SIMILAR TO PRECEDING. 
Length, about 23 mm. This exactly resembles the preceding (e), 
except in one or two details, which may indicate its distinctness, or may 

—ao 
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLCGIST. 233 
indicate only a greater number of moults. If it is not the same, it isa 
very closely allied species. Colour 1s green, with two lateral longitudinal 
narrow whitish stripes, one marking the lateral edge of dorsum on each 
side and enclosing the spiracles, and in addition a median dorsal pair of 
similar stripes. Head is lighter than dorsum, approaching more nearly 
the colour of the stripes ; venter light. The same microscopic black 
epidermal specks or spines are present, and the same naked areoles with 
dot-like tubercles in the centre, but the portion of the integument covered 
by the dorsal stripes has lost both apparently. These are shown, how- 
ever, to be lost only in colour, the microscopic spines being apparent in 
the stripes where the integument is transversely folded, but they are con- 
colorous instead of black. Their colour is also nearly lost on anal 
segment. Dot-like hair tubercles of head brown. 
One specimen, swept Oct. 24, 1892. General colour noted in life. 
(No. 365.) 
(g).—-VERY SLENDER AND ELONGATED BROWNISH SPAN-WorM. 
Length, 9 mm. Two pairs of proportionally large prolegs, on seg- 
ments 12 and 13. Colour brownish, with a somewhat lighter ventral line, 
and a pale lateral stripe or line on each side. Head, prothoracic seg- 
ment and anal extremity light. Abdominal segments very elongated, 
almost bare, with some sparse minute tubercles giving rise to hairs. The 
main abdominal segments are more noticeable for being divided by 
minute transverse constrictions or wrinkles extending completely around 
the body into something like thirty or more transverse sections to the 
segment. : 
One specimen, swept May 28, 18g1. Colour from alcoholic speci- 
men. (No. 229.) 
(4 ).—PALE COLOURED FALSE SPAN-WORM. 
Length, 4mm. Three pairs of prolegs, on segments 9, 10 and 13. 
Light or pale coloured, with small brownish warts and hairs. Somewhat 
elongate, and rather slender. Segments not elongate. Head nearly con- 
colorous, slightly more yellowish and polished. About twelve small, 
flattened-conical tubercles to each abdominal segment, each tubercle 
bearing a hair, and some smaller ones on ventral surface below. 
Tubercles in an irregular transverse row. Except the tubercles, the inte- 
gument is apparently naked under the lens. 
One specimen, swept May 28, 1891. Colour noted in life, (No. 230.) 

234 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
(?).—LIGHT GREEN FALSE SPAN-WORM. 
Length, 7 to$ mm. ‘Three pairs of prolegs, on segments 9, 10 and 
13. Elongate and rather slim, light green in colour. Segments not 
longer than wide; with but very few short hairs, each arising from a 
minute pale brownish dot in centre of a rather indistinct tubercle, a dozen 
or so to each principal segment. Head likewise with hairs, which arise 
from less plain dots. In addition to these, there is on each side of seg- 
ments 5 to 11 a conspicuous black tubercle bearing a hair, these tubercles 
being of same form as the others, but appearing much more conspicuous 
and larger because of the black pigment they possess. 
Two specimens, swept May 12, 1891. (No. 80.) 
Note.—The measurements given above were made from the alcoholic 
specimens, and are somewhat (usually a millimeter or so) less than what 
the same specimens measured in life. 
CORRESPONDENCE. 
REARING SPHINX CHRYSALIDS. 
Sir: On the 30th of July, 1892, I saw a Sphinx larva digging into the 
ground at the foot of an ash tree, evidently with the intention of burying 
itself preparatory to transforming. I put it into a box I had in my 
satchel, and forgot it until three days after. When t opened the box there 
was a perfectly formed chrysalid instead. I placed it on the same bed 
that the Quinguemacu/ata of my former record had matured upon (CAN. 
Ent., Vol. 24, p. 237), and paid no further attention to it. On the 2oth 
of June, 1893, that chrysalid gave forth a Sphinx chersis, Hub., large in 
size, perfect in form and rich in colouring. This surely proves that mois- 
ture is not an absolute necessity for the maturing of Sphinx pupe, of 
these kinds at least. 
In my earlier efforts to obtain moths from Sphinx pupee I had no 
success. Being under the impression that moist soil was necessary for 
their maturing, all the careful attention I could give them was unavailing ; 
they invariably died. Observing that soil getting between the segments 
of the abdomen irritated them greatly, and kept them constantly wriggling, 
I got some growing moss, put it on a plate, placed the chrysalids on it, 
moistening it slightly, when all my troubles with them disappeared,—no 
more moulding or drying up, they matured without fail, and the moths 
emerged in perfect condition. This simple method was to me a most 
gratifying success. I could now obtain the moths with no special attention 
required for the chrysalids, 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 235 
In nature, the larva makes a cavity in the soil to. transform in, press- 
ing the soil firm and making the inside of the cavity as smooth as that 
of a silken cocoon. So that the pupa lies perfectly free, which will 
account for the fact that when placed in soil they always work themselves 
to the surface. Freedom from irritating matter is then, I suspect, one of 
the principal factors for successful maturing of them. And to those that 
have passed the winter in natural conditions, moisture may be another, 
but those that have begun their pupal existence in unnatural conditions 
do not seem to feel the need of it. 
We know that it is comparatively an easy thing to get the pupa from 
a sphinx larva, besides getting the imago from the pupa; if, then, such 
pupz can be matured without the labour and care required to get up and 
maintain “natural conditions,” with the. probability of a disappointing 
failure at the end of it all, what an inducement it would offer to many to 
undertake the rearing of them who are now prevented from attempting it 
by the elaborate preparations that seem required to ensure success. 
Whilst, if safety and a soft bed is all that is required for success, many a 
valuable chrysalid that is now rejected or neglected, under the impression 
that it would be hopeless to attempt to rear it with the means they have 
on hand, might be reared to add rare forms to a collection, or even to 
aid in the identification of earlier stages of some of the species. An ex- 
periment on an extensive scale in this direction is well worth the making. 
J. Atston Morrar. 
BOOK NOTICE. 
BRIEF GUIDE TO THE COMMONER BUTTERFLIES OF THE NORTHERN UNITED 
STATES AND CANADA: by'S. H. Scudder. Henry Holt & Co., 
r2mo., pp., XI + 206., 1893. 
It has been known for some time that Mr. Scudder has in preparation 
a Manual of the Butterflies of the Northern United States and Canada, 
similar to Gray’s Manual of Plants, and all must agree that such a work 
is much needed. The present “ Brief Guide” has, however, been pro- 
duced in the meantime to meet a demand for something even less 
technical, by means of which boys and girls might be tempted to enter 
the ever charming fairy-land of science by having an easy way laid open 
before them. ‘There are few objects in nature which so soon thrust 

236 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
themselves upon the notice of young people as flowers and insects, and of 
these none have been so useful as a first stepping-stone or allurement to the 
ee 
realms of Natural History as butterflies,—‘‘ those winged creatures of 
beauty which add such a charm to the summer landscape.” 
There was not, however, until now any work which could be placed 
in the hands of bovs or girls who had caught a common butterfly, by 
means of which they could identify and find out something of the life- 
history of their newly-found treasure. This want Mr. Scudder has filled 
with his Brief Guide, in which he treats chiefly of “ those butterflies—less 
than a hundred of them—which would almost surely be met with by any in- 
dustrious collector in the course of a year’s or two years’ work in the 
more populous Northern States and in Canada.” Should a young 
collector, therefore, be lucky enough to capture a butterfly not mentioned 
in the book, he may be sure that he has taken a rarity, which, as the 
author remarks, is ‘‘a discovery not always distressing to the amateur.” 
The introductory chapters, upon some of the points which will at once 
present themselves to a beginner, are excellent—concise, clearly expressed 
and accurate, and treat of such subjects as :—What are butterflies? theit 
structure, habits, variations, and life-histories. There are three keys for 
identification, based on the perfect insect, the caterpillar and the egg, and 
pages 63 to 174 are taken up with short accounts, systematically arranged, 
of the insects treated of. There is a short glossary and an appendix 
giving instructions for collecting, rearing and studying butterflies. 
On the whole this is a very useful little work, well prepared, con- 
venient in size, well printed and well got up. It is, of course, arranged 
after the same system as Mr. Scudder’s great work, “ The Butterflies of 
the Eastern United States and Canada,” and many of the views there ex- 
pressed are repeated here. The nomenclature is also the same, but the 
names more frequently used by other authors are also given. A good 
feature of the work is that the proper pronunciation of every name 
is shown by accents, and a popular English name is given for each 
species. The author’s observations on dimorphism of some species, as 
of Colias Eurytheme and Papilio Ajax, do not seem quite to agree with 
those published by Mr. W. H. Edwards. It would be difficult, however, 
to treat such subjects fully in the space allotced to each species in this 
Brief Guide, which, we think, all who use it will agree is too brief, and 
they would like much more of it, of the same style.—J. F. 
Mailed September 9th, 

——  ——————————— Cl 
Be hae 
Che Canatiay Hentomologist 
MOL! KOR. LONDON, OCTOBER, 1893. 
No. to. 
WASHINGTON TENTHREDINIDA AND UROCERID-. 
BY ALEX. D. MACGILLIVRAY, ITHACA, N. Y. 
The specimens on which the present paper has been based were 
collected by Mr. Trevor Kincaid, of Olympia, Washington. They were 
all collected near that city except a few, which were taken along the 
Skokomish River. Great credit is due Mr. Kincaid for bringing together 
so large a collection. The specimens are deposited in the entomological 
collection of Cornell University. 
TENTHREDINIDA. 
Trichtosoma ~triangulum, Kirby. 
36 6, June 6, 22, 23, 1892. They agree perfectly with Norton’s 
description of this species, except the apical segments of the antenne, 
which are entirely black. 
Zarea americana, Cress. 
292 9, April 17 and May 23, 1892. 
Lylotoma abdominalis, Leach. 
192, May 3, 1892. Skokomish River. 
Lylotoma Macleayi, Leach. 
r 9 May 11, 1892. 
Euura abbiricta, Cress. 
12, Skokomish River, May 8, 1892, 
Nematus castaneus, Kirby. 
A single female, which in all probability belongs to this species, has 
two broad black bands on the lateral lobes of the mesothorax and two 
less distinct bands on the median lobe ; the square spot on the vertex is 
fuscous, a small spot between the antennz and the base of the sinus from 
+ The following is omitted from Cresson’s synopsis. It will probably prove to be a 
variety of ¢-zangulum and not the European species. 
vitellina, Linn. 
1882. Zrichtosoma, Kirby, List Hymen., Brit. Mus., I., ro. 
Habitat.—-Vancouver’s Island, Rocky Mountains, (Europe), 

lo 
SO 
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
above the antennee to the clypeus is black ; the clypeus is distinctly emar- 
inate, and just beyond the middle of the.second submarginal cell there 
is a small fuscous speck. 
Nematus luteolus, Nort. 
Two males, which I think belong here, have a broad margin to the 
abdominal segments; the margin is broadest on the middle segments, 
almost interruptedly transversely fasciate, the apex of the abdomen and 
the entire venter honey-yellow. 
Nematus, Sp. 
There are six species in the collection which are probably new ; in the 
present state of the genus it seems best to leave them undescribed. 
Messa atra, Sp. nov. 
Head, labium, mandibles, antennz, thorax, abdomen, cox except at 
apex, and femora at middle, black; clypeus acutely emarginate, labium 
broadly rounded ; head and thorax sericeous ; middle mesothoracic lobe 
with a central groove on its anterior half; abdomen black, apical seg- 
ment above slightly rufous ; coxz black, at apex fuscous ; femora at base 
and apex white, with a broad median black band; anterior and middle 
tibiz fuscous, darker beneath, hind tibia black, at base white; spurs 
fuscous ; anterior and middle tarsi at base fuscous, apex black, hind tarsi 
black ; wings hyaline, veins piceous, stigma lighter at base. Length, 7 mm. 
19, April 14, 1892. Related to sa/icis, Ashm., but differs by its 
rounded labium and black abdomen. 
Dolerus borealis, sp. Nov. 
Body stout, black, except the two lateral lobes of the mesothorax, which 
are reddish-brown ; head, thorax and pleurz densely coarsely punctured ; 
antenne slender, third and fourth joints subequal ; clypeus deeply emar- 
ginate ; two feeble longitudinal sinuses on the vertex each side of the 
ocelli ; body densely sericeous, especially around the mouth and on the 
legs ; inner tooth of claw stout, distinct ; wings slightly fuscous, veins, 
costa and stigma black. Length, 11 mm. 
29 9, May 22, 1892. 
Dolerus sericeus, Say. 
32 2, May 11, June 6, 1892, and April 20, 1893. This last speci- 
men measures 12 mm., and the wings are clearer than in typical speci- 
mens, but otherwise I can find no distinguishing character. 

> ee 
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 259 
Blennocampa atrata, sp. nov. 
Shining black ; antenne as long as head and thorax, third joint more 
than twice as long as fourth; clypeus truncated, labium small, triangular ; 
femora at apex, front and middle tibia before, hind tibia, except at apex, 
and basal membrane, smoky white ; wings transparent, slightly washed 
with yellowish, veins, costa and stigma black, transverse marg'nal nervure 
received a little beyond the middle of the third submarginal cell. 
Length, 7 mm. 
ro, May 7.) 1593- 
Monophadnus atracornus, sp. nov. 
Shining black, impunctate; head entirely black, apex of clypeus 
slightly emarginate ; antenne as long as head and thorax, third joint one- 
third longer than fourth; tegula, apex of all the femora, the tibize and 
front and middle tarsi, except at apex, white; apex of al! the tibiz, the 
apex of the front and middle tarsi and the whole of the hind tarsi, 
infuscated or black ; wings hyaline, slightly smoky, iridescent, costa and 
stigma brownish ; transverse marginal nervure bowed, received near the 
apex of the third submarginal cell. Length, 7 mm. 
29 9, May 18, 1892; April 30, 1893. Most closely allied to J. 
tilie, Nort. 
floplocampa pallipes, sp. nov. 
Head ferruginous; antennz, small square spot between antenne, apex 
of mandibles, spot at ocelli, black ; clypeus emarginate, labrum rounded ; 
antennee not pilose or hairy ; thorax light ferruginous, prothorax and collar 
narrowly margined with black, tegule and pleure testaceous ; abdomen 
short. broad, broadest at middle ; the basal plates, the venter, a narrow 
lateral margin, and the three apical segments ferruginous, the remainder 
of the dorsum black, in one specimen the basal plates are black ; legs 
entirely ferruginous, sericeous ; wings hyaline, veins luteous. Length, 5mm. 
32 9, Skokomish River, May 8th. 
Monostegia Kincaidii, sp. nov. 
Head, antenne, labium and mandibles black; face sericeous ; 
antennze reaching to base of thorax, flattened, third joint scarcely longer 
than fourth; clypeus slightly emarginate; thorax black, prothorax 
narrowly margined with white; abdominal segments one to five with 
basal whitish bands, broadly interrupted at middle, segments three to 
six very narrowly tipped with white ; legs black, apex of anterior femora 

240) THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
and tibia beneath white, middle and posterior tibiae densely sericeous ; 
wings hyaline, slightly obscure, veins black, costa and stigma brownish, 
first branchial and second submarginal cells with a black dot. Length, 
7 mm. 
16,79 ¢, April 17, 1892, on the catkins ef Salix flavescens, and 
May 7th, 18¢43. ‘Two specimens with the venation of //arpiphorus 
probably belong here. 
Labidia opimus, Cress. 
rd, June 25, 1892. 
Macrophya californica, Nort. 
Three females, two from the Skokomish River, May sth, on Azdes 
bracteosum. These specimens do not agree perfectly with Norton’s 
description, but they differ more among themselves than from the 
description. ‘The interrupted band on the abdomen and the black spot 
on the hind coxe are wanting, in one specimen the abdomen is reddish- 
brown, and the antennz, except the basal segment, entirely black. 
Macrophya oregona, Cress. 
1 9.—Differs from Cresson’s description only in having a small white 
spot on basal plates. ’ 
Macrophya magnifica, Sp. nov. 
Black ; labrum, clypeus, mandibles, except at tip, palpi, cheeks, 
an elongate spot on inner orbits above the antennz, spot beneath the 
antenne, the carina above the base of the antenna, tegule, a broad band 
on collar, subinterrupted at middle, a Jarge spot on each thoracic pleura, 
the scutellum, lines on the sides of the thorax and at the base of the 
wings, the edges of the basal plates, a band extending along the edge of 
the abdomen from the basal plates to the apex of the seventh segment, 
band broadest on the venter, legs, except a line above and the apex of 
the posterior femora, which are black, olive-white ; antenne, sternum, 
venter except the lateral yellow band, and back of the head, black ; the 
five apical segments of the abdomen and the saw reddish-brown ; the 
basal segment of the antenne large, globular, the third as long as the 
fourth and fifth together ; wings slightly infuscated, veins black, the costa 
and stigma at base brownish ; lanceolate cell with a straight cross-nervure, 
Length, 12 mm. 
19, June 4, 1892. 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 241 
Strongylogaster pacificus, sp. NOV. 
Female.—Black ; head and pleurve covered with a dense sericeous pile; 
third and fourth antennal joints subequal ; sinus at sides of ocelli almost 
reaching the back of the head; head and thorax remotely and coarsely 
punctured, the palpi, the tegulz, the front angles of the thorax, the coxz 
except at base, the trochanters, the front femora, the apical half of the 
middie and hind femora, the front and middle tibiz, the basal half and 
apex of the hind tibia, and the front and middle tarsi, white ; abdomen, 
except the basal plates and the first segment, which are black, honey- 
yellow ; apex of the abdomen with a whorl of black hairs, concealing the 
saw, the venter honey-yellow, with a narrow black band along each side ; 
wings transparent, their base and the costa yellow, the stigma brown, its 
lower edge lighter, lanceolate cell without oblique cross-vein, hind wings 
with two middle cells. Length, 6-8 mm. 
. Var.— Black markings of the legs less distinct, dorsal abdominal seg- 
ments 3-5 with a small fuscous spot at middle, segments 6-9 with a 
transverse black band, covering almost the entire segment, apex black. 
Male.—Does not differ except in wanting the whorl of hairs at the 
apex of the abdomen and in having all the legs white. 
iad oy 3\0"9 3 May 18-22, 1892 5 April'30, May 7, 1893; a single 
male from the Skokomish River. 
Strongylogaster primativus, sp. Nov. 
Female.— Black, antenne short, third and fourth joints subequal ; cly- 
peus and labrum dirty white ; head sparsely punctured, thorax impunc- 
tate ; the tegule, the front angles of the thorax the cox except at base, 
the trochanters, the apex of the femora, the front and middle tibize (in 
some specimens slightly clouded), the base of the posterior tibia, and the 
base of the front and middle tarsi, waxen white ; abdomen black, venter 
and pectus black, the venter margined each side with a yellow band, in 
some specimens these bands coalesce on the venter and form a narrow 
margin on the dorsum ; wings hyaline, yellowish at base, veins black, the 
apex of the costa and stigma black, lanceolate cell open, with a perpen- 
dicular cross-nervure, in some wings the cross-vein is represented only by 
points on the longitudinal veins, hind wings with two middle cells. 
Length, 9 mm. 
Male.—Smaller, not so robust, legs whitish-yellow, except the pos- 
terior tibiz and tarsi, which are fuscous ; a narrow margin to abdominal 
segments 2-5, and the apex of the abdomen yellow. 
1g andrs5 3 9, April 20 and May 19-23, 

2492 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
Tenthredo Barnstonii, Kirby. 
1 ¢, poor condition; the legs are entirely ferruginous, the hind legs 
are darker than the anterior ones. 
Tenthredo nigricostata, Prov. 
1 @, July 22, 1892. This is probably the same as erythromera, 
Prov; 
Tenthredo xanthus, Nort. 
19, May 21st. The light spot above the cox and the black lines 
on the tergum are wanting. ‘There is a black dot above the base of the 
antennie. 
Tenthredo scaevola, Cress. 
29 9, May 7, 1893. 
Tenthredopsis transversa, Sp. NOv. 
Black ; clypeus white; palpi, tegula, collar, narrow elongated spot 
from tegulz, apices of the cox, the femora, except a black line above, 
the front and middle tibia, a line on the hind tibia beneath, the front and 
middle tarsi beneath, the venter, a narrow margin to abdominal segments 
2-5, and the apex of the abdomen, yellow; the basal membrane and 
very narrow margin to abdominal segments 6-8, white; the clypeus 
slightly emarginate, the vertex finely punctured ; the thorax impunctate ; 
antenne long, slender, black, segments 3-5 equal; wings transparent, 
veins black, costa and stigma lighter at base ; hind wings with two dis- 
tinct middle cells. Length, 8 mm. 
2¢ ¢, Mav 18, 1892; May 7, 1893. 
Tenthredopsis ruficorna, sp. Nov. 
Black ; the clypeus, the labrum, the mandibles, except at tip, a spot 
between the antennz, two spots above the antenne, the cheeks, a broad 
postocular band, an interocular band, broader from opposite antennz 
below, continued narrowly to the postocular band, the prothorax, tegule, 
a spot below the tegule, a trapezoidal spot on pleure, a spot above pos- 
terior cox, a slender line above this spot, front and middle coxz, and 
posterior coxie, except two longitudinal black lines, waxen white ; 
antenne, except two basal joints, black, honey-yellow above ; cenchri, 
abdomen, except immediate base of basal places, and legs, except coxe, 
honey-yellow ; clypeus scarcely emarginate, labrum rounded; segments 
3-5 of antennze subequal ; wings yeliowish-hyaline, veins fuscous, costa 
and stigma honey-yellow ; hind wings with one or two middle cells, 
Length, rr mm. 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 243 
19, May 22, 1892. This may prove to be a variety of Zenthredo 
rujicoxa, Prov. 
Lyda olympia, sp. nov. 
Ferruginous, shining ; segments 10-24 of antennz, spots at base of 
antennz and narrow line between, beneath the ocelli, prothorax, meta- 
thorax above and on sides, basal plates, the sutures of the venter, and 
the apex of the abdomen, black ; cheeks, clypeus, interior orbits and 
between the antenne, vellowish ; antenne twenty-four-jointed, first and 
third segments subequal, third segment three times as long as fourth ; 
posterior femora infuscated at base, otherwise the legs entirely ferruginous ; 
front tibia with a single side spur ; wings yellowish-hyaline, veins yellow- 
ish, stigma darker at base, third submarginal cell broader and slightly 
longer than second, second branchial cell without cross-nervure ; hind 
wings with apparently tnree closed cells. Length, 14 mm. 
If, June 11, 1892. This may be ducephada, Cress. 
UROCERIDA. 
Oryssus occidentalis, Cress. 
12, the head is wanting, but the specimen without much doubt 
belongs to this species. The two basal abdomina] segments are black. 
Urocerus albicornis, Fabr. 
t Female. 
Urocerus apicalis, Kirby. 
1f. The last dorsal abdominal segment is flattened. 
Urocerus Behrensii, Cres. 
1%, probably belongs here, the wings are entirely fuscous, the apex 
of the antennz and all the tarsi are yellow. 
Urocerus flavipennis, Kirby. 
32 ¢. One from the Skokomish River, Aug. 7. Only one specimen 
has the spots on the side of the abdomen, another has the antennz en- 
tirely yellow. 
Urocerus indecisus, sp. NOV. 
Antenne, head, thorax, basal plates, first and apex of the last abdo- 
minal segment, a band each side below, and all the legs except the two 
apical segments of the tarsi, black ; the remainder of the abdomen and 
tarsi brown; antenne twenty-two-jointed ; wings slightly fuscous, the 
veins black, the second transverse cubital vein with a stump of a vein on 
the inner side; cornus long, suddenly narrowed at apex, apex with several 
teeth. Length, 16 mm.; alar expanse, 26mm. 1%. 

244 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
Urocerus riparius, sp. Nov. 
Black ; clypeus, labrum, mandibles except at tip, spot behind the 
eye, joints 3-9 of the antenne, prothorax, apex of the front and middle 
femora, their tibia and tarsi, the base of the hind tibia and metatarsus, 
the two apical segments of their tarsi, and abdominal segments three to 
six, yellow ; antennc twenty-one-jointed, the yellow band on the antenne 
is clouded with fuscous and varies in width; wings yellow, slightly 
clouded, veins black. Length, 22 mm.; alar expanse, 33 mm. Two 
males, one from Skokomish River, May 3. 
DESCRIPTIONS OF THE. LARVA OF CERTAIN 
TENTHREDINID. 
BY HARRISON G. DYAR, NEW YORK. 
Hemichroa americana, Provancher. 
(The alder saw-fly). 
Described as a Dineura, but the lanceolate cell is contracted in the 
middle, not petiolate. The second recurrent nervure is received very 
near the end of the second submarginal cell, almost at the intersection of 
second and third submarginal cells. 
¢.—Shining black, the legs brownish-yellow, all the coxz, the apical 
third of posterior tibiz and posterior tarsi black. Wings smoky, ‘but 
nyaline along the outer margin. Nervures and stigma black. 
2 .—Head and body yellowish-brown; antenne, eyes, metathorax 
and legs as in the ¢, black, or all the femora more or less black. Black 
markings somewhat variable. 
A smoky spot in the centre of the second submarginal cell in both 
Sexes. 
15 ¢ 6,8 @ 9.—Bred from larve on d/nus serrudata, at Woods’ 
Holl., Mass., and Rhinebeck, N.Y. 
Eggs.—Laid in saw cuts opening below on the petiole and base of 
midrib of a leaf. The cuts are in one or two rows, along one or both 
sides of the rib, nearly contiguous. 
First stage.—Eating a little hole or slit through the leaf. Head 
rounded, higher than wide, pale brown, eye black; width, 0.3 mm. 
Body curved into an S shape outside of the hole in the leaf, through 
which the larva readily moves. Translucent honey-yellow, annulate, 
scarcely shining; the alimentary canal gives a greenish tinge by trans- 
parency. 

EE ———————<«— = 
Or 
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 24 
Second stage-—Much as before. Width of head, 0.4 mm. Body 
rather dark honey-yellow, greenish tinged. Two transverse rows of sub- 
conical tubercles are seen on each segment, bearing minute setze which 
are blackish. 
Third stage.-—Head brown, shining, eye black, mouth dark ; width, 
0.55 mm. Body greenish-yellow, rather sordid and only slightly shining. 
Thoracic feet slightly marked with black and traces of lateral and broken 
substigmatal black lines appear, most distinct centrally. Setiferous 
tubercles blackish. 
Fourth stage -—WHead minutely pilose, blackish-brown, eye black ; 
width, 0.75 mm. Thoracic feet pale. Body marked as in the next stage, 
but the tubercles are larger in proportion, and the subventral black 
patches are rounder and more evidently cover the anterior and posterior 
patches of tubercles. 
fifth stage-—Head brownish-black ; width, 1.0 mm. Practically as in 
the next stage. The body tubercles are tinged with brownish. 
Sixth stage.—Head well-rounded, slightly acute at vertex, not con- 
spicuously flattened before ; shining black, sparsely pilose ; width, 1.4 mm. 
(or as jarge as 1.7 mm. in some ? ¢). Thoracic feet spreading, black, 
pale at the joints. Abdominal feet present on joints 6-12 and 13 pos- 
teriorly (22 feet). Body smooth, subannulate or creased, not shining. 
colour subtranslucent greenish-ochre,with an even, continuous, black lateral 
‘line, and a geminate interrupted subventral one. Two transverse rows 
r)} 
of smooth, inconspicuous, concolorous, setiferous tubercles on each seg- 
ment, of moderate size and arranged subventrally in the black patches 
in clusters. Venter pale. Joints 2 and 13 posteriorly of a darker ochre, 
The larvee rest on the edge of a leaf, and lash the posterior part of their 
bodies vigorously when disturbed, holding on to the leaf by the thoracic 
feet. , 
Seventh stage.—The larve do not feed in this stage, but enter the 
ground soon after moulting. Head as before, its width the same (1.4-1.7 
mm.) Body much the same, but smooth. ‘The tubercles are represented 
by elliptical watery areas in three rows on each segment, with rudimentary 
sete. The colour is a rather opaque yellow, with no shade from the 
alimentary canal. The black marks are the same. 
Cocoon.—Formed beneath the ground ; thin, crusty and brittle ; ellip- 
tical and of uniform texture, brown in colour. Size, 8x4 mm. 

246 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 
Pupa.—Much like the mature insect, but with rudimentary wings. 
All brownish-yellow, the legs, cases and antenne darker, eyes blackish. 
The flies emerged in August. 
Cresus latitarsus, Norton. 
(The white birch saw-fly.) 
Hgegs.—\aid closely along the midrib or larger veins on the under 
side of the leaf, about half enclosed in median saw-cuts which are dis- 
tended by the eggs so that they le obliquely in contact. Soft, translucent 
white ; seen to be very minutely punctured under a magnification of 60 
diameters. Size, 1.4x.6 mm. 
First stage.—Eating holes through the leaf, which soon become con- 
fluent; lashing the body. Head round, a little higher than wide, full at 
vertex ; shining black; width, o.4 mm. Body light shining greenish. 
Tubercles very obscure, not setiferous, only the subventral ones distinct 
and nearly concolorous. ‘Thoracic feet blackish; the segments of body 
obscurely annulate. 
Second stage-—Head very smooth, even brownish-black, pale above 
the mouth; width, 0.55 mm. Body olive-green, the subventral ridge 
and feet blackish. No setz seen. 
‘ 
Third stage-—Head black ; width, 0.75 mm. Much the same. 
Fourth stage.-—Head, 1.05 mm. wide. Markings much as before. 
Fifth stage.—Head round, full at vertex, well rounded, not pointed, 
without trace of sutures ; flattened in front over clypeus, with a few slight 
clypeal dents. Entirely shining black; width, 1.6 mm. Body indistinctly 
4-annulate, watery shining smooth; no dots, but minute black sete 
represent them. Thoracic feet large, spreading, black, pale centrally. 
Abdominal feet present on joints 6-11 and 13 (20 feet), with a medio- 
ventral eversible gland, posterior to each pair on joints 6-1ro. These 
glands are longer than the feet, when everted, are coloured rather darker 
than the body. When disturbed the larva throws its body up over its 
head and the ventral glands are quickly everted and retracted. Ground 
colour honey-yellow heavily shaded with greenish black, the yellow 
appearing On joint 2 anteriorly, stigmatally and on the abdominal feet. 
Sixth stage-—Width of head, 2.2 mm. As before, but smooth; no 
sete seen. Joint 2, the dorsal and stigmatal irregular bands and abdom- 
inal feet honey-yellow, leaving the black shading most distinct subdorsally 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 247 
and substigmatally, forming a series of very black subdorsai patches or 
spreading largely over the body. At the end of this stage the larva enters 
the earth without moulting. 
Cocoon.—Formed beneath the ground; elliptical, rather thick, firm, 
opaque, black. Size, 11 x 4.5 mm. Imagos appeared August 1. Larvae 
found on the leaves of Betula populifolia at Woods’ Holl., Mass., and 
Plattsburgh, N. Y. 
Fenusa varipes, St. F. 
(The imported alder leaf-miner.) 
Abundant on Alnus serrulata at Woods’ Holl., Mass., causing the 
leaves to turn brown and fall. c 
Fgg.—A slight circular swelling in the leaf, visible on both surfaces, 
0.5 in diameter. ‘The egg is thin, delicate, milky white, about o.3 mm 
in diameter, inserted under the epidermis by a saw cut. 
First stage.—Mines under the upper epidermis usually less than 1 mm. 
in diameter, rarely as large as 1.5 mm., starting from the egg puncture. 
Head much flattened, broader than long, mouth parts projecting, the 
lateral lobes bulging, pale watery brownish; width, 0.25 mm. Body 
flattened, deeply incised, joint 2 wide, joints 3-4 rapidly tapering, the 
rest of even width, joint 13 rounded. Feet imperceptible with a lens. 
Colour translucent watery, scarcely whitish, alimentary canal green. 
Length, 1 mm. 
Second stage.—Laike the preceding stage, but thoracic segments larger 
and body more deeply incised. Milky translucent, the alimentary canal 
green, head brownish, 0.3 mm. wide. Feet very rudimentary, but visible. 
Cervical shield present, large, not very distinct. Burrow about 3 mm. 
diameter. 
Third stage.—As before. Width of head, o.4 mm.; diameter of bur- 
row, about 6 mm. 
Fourth stage——Much as in the next stage. Cervical shield covering 
the anterior half of joint 2, very faintly brownish, as are the thoracic feet. 
Head rather paler than in the next stage, 0.55 mm. wide. Burrow about 
To-12 mm. in diameter. 
Fifth stage.— Head much flattened, mouth projecting in front, clypeus 
occupying the central third of what is the upper surface ; lobes rounded, 
projecting laterally ; ocellus nearly central. Colour honey-brown, paler, 
almost whitish toward vertex, which is withdrawn beneath joint 2 ; mouth 
dark brown, eye black ; width, 0.75 mm. Abdominal feet very rudi- 

245 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
mentary, present on joints 5-12 (none on joint 13). Thoracic feet small, 
almost lateral, indistinctly jointed, faintly brownish, not used. Body 
flattened, rounded, of nearly even width, segmental incisures distinct and 
broad, segments faintly 3-annulate. Colour shining whitish, subtrans- 
lucent, the alimentary canal green. No anal plate, but a very large, 
bisected, brownish cervical shield. No tubercles nor sete distinguishable. 
Burrows large, spreading from 28-35 x 14-9 mm., often becoming confluent 
with others over the whole leaf, transforming the upper surface into one 
continuous brown blister. 
Sixth stage—On attaining this stage the larva burst through the 
upper epidermis and fall to the ground, eating nothing after the moult. 
Head slightly darker than body, shining, mouth brown, eye dark brown ; 
width, 0.75 mm. Body shining pale yellowish-white, with no discolorous 
shade from the alimentary canal. On joints 5-12 two watery transverse 
areas on each segment, the anterior composed of two dorsal dots, the 
posterior of two elongate pyriform subdorsal patches, slightly elevated 
and connected over the dorsum. Feet concolorous. Length, about 
5.5 Mm. 
Pupa.—Yormed in an elliptical cell in the ground ; entirely pale 
yellowish, the eyes brown-black. 
(TO BE. CONTINUED.) 
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREPARATORY STAGES OF NEME- 
OPHILA SCUDDERI, PACK. 
BY H. H. LYMAN, MONTREAL. 
Eggs laid July 9-10. Round, considerably flattened at base, honey- 
yellow, shining, under a microscope very slightly and irregularly pitted, 
viéa Of an inch in diameter. 
Hatched July 17-18, egg period eight days. 
Young larva.—Length, about one-tenth of an inch. Head brown, 
rather lighter below. Body, dull greenish-yellow, with lead coloured 
warts and long hairs of a brown colour. 
I failed to observe the first moult, but the following description was 
taken on August 16th, just before what I believed to be the second 
moult. Length, i’ to 36 inch. Head small, slightly and obtusely 
bilobed, black and shining, with a few hairs about mouth parts. 
Body above generally dark, but occasionally rather light in colour, with 
Io or 12 warts on each segment. ‘These warts are round, black and 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLCGIST. 249 
shining, clothed with dense tufts of black hairs, mixed with reddish- 
brown ones on the top of the sth to the gth segments. Below greenish- 
black, feet and prop-legs concolorous and semi-transparent. 
After second moult.—Length, 34 to = inch. Same as before, except 
that the skin is blacker and there are some rather long tufts or pencils of 
hair on the hind segments, and there is a patch of foxy hair on the top of 
the 5th, 6th and 7th segments. Feet black. 
After third moult.—Length, 5% to tt inch. Head black, slightly and 
obtusely bilobed. 
Body black, the warts, 10 or 12 on each segment, are black and 
shining, and arranged in a transverse row of 10, with two in front of the 
general line in: the middle, thus... . . . oi hh ae ae The warts are fur- 
nished with radiating tufts of bristles, which are either black, foxy-red or 
yellowish, according to their position. Those on the top of the 5th, 6th and 
7th segments are foxy-red, and those on the two lowest lateral rows of 
warts and the lower hairs of the third row are of a yellowish-brown colour. 
The rest of the hairs are black, and those towards the anal extremity are 
rather longer than the others. Feet black, prop-legs dark, with a small 
wart, with a few short bristles on the outside of each ; segments without 
prop-legs have small warts underneath. 
Passing 4th moult September 6th.— 
After fourth moult.—Length at rest, 34 inch; in motion, 7 inch. 
Colours the same as before, but with more foxy-red, which now extends 
from the 5th to gth segments inclusive, and is not confined to the top, but 
extends down to meet the lighter coloured hairs along the sides, so that 
the black hairs are confined to the upper part of the 2nd to 4th and 1oth 
to 13th segments, and a few along the sub-dorsal region on the 7th to oth 
segments. 
Began spinning up about 14th September.- A very slight cocoon is 
made by drawing together leaves or frass with a few threads, and some 
of the hairs from the body woven in. In this the caterpillar lies slug- 
gishly for several days. before casting its skin and becoming a pupa. 
Pupa.—Length, 4% to 54 inch, rounded head and pointed tail, dark 
brown in colour. 
So slight were the cocoons that nearly all the pup slipped out of them. 
Though most of the larve went on to pupation, a few seemed deter- 
mined to hibernate full grown, and so were placed in a box in an out- 
house, but did not survive. 

250 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
On gth October I left home for a few days, but before deing so placed 
the pupze in the cellar, as I did not expect the imagos to emerge till 
spring ; but on examining the cage on 22nd October, after my return, I 
found that two or three had emerged in a crippled condition. I thought 
this might be caused by the dryness of the house, so tried to moisten the 
air by putting a wet sponge in the cage and in other ways, but they still 
continued to emerge crippled, and some only partially emerged. 
On the 29th October I found one which had emerged, but the right 
wing cover was still adhering to the wing. I removed it with difficulty, 
many of the scales coming off with it, but none of the wings developed 
at all. 
Mr. Winn suggested that perhaps the trouble arose from the absence 
of the cocoon, slight as it is, and I therefore tried the experiment of 
placing the pup in empty cocoons of /alesidota carye. This seemed 
to improve matters, and I succeeded in getiing a few perfect specimens. 
One perfect female emerged and was left in the cage with two males for 
two days, in the hope of securing another lot of eggs, a large box of 
plantain having been brought into the house for feeding purposes. I was 
unable to watch these specimens, but as I did not suppose that a virgin 
female could pass two days with two males without being impregnated, 
I put the males in a cyanide bottle and the female ina pill box. A supply 
of eggs was secured, but they proved to be sterile. 
About a dozen of the pup enveloped in the Halesidota cocoons, 
showing no sign of disclosing the imagos, were later placed again in the 
cellar in the hope and expectation of their maturing in the spring, but all 
were found to be dead on the return of that season. The larve fed 
readily on plantain, but were at all times very slugglish. Unlike most 
larvee with which I have had anything to do, the faces were not cast in 
moulting in the usual manner, but remained attached to the skin. 
In one case which was watched, the skin split along the side of the 
fore-part of the body. The larva rested for a time, and gathered strength 
fora further effort. The skin split further along and the larva again 
rested. Another effort, and the head was withdrawn, and then the cater- 
pillar struggled out of the old skin. Immediately after the casting of the 
old skin the head and warts are honey-yellow, the latter with black points, 
and the skin is translucent, but dark in colour. The bristles are rather 
matted together, the tufts on top usually crossing each other, the under 

——————— —— VS -rmLlrl Tl 
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 251 
surface is decidedly light. The hairs, which later became foxy-red, are then 
light-coloured. 
This species was described as Nemeophila Selwynii, by the late Henry 
Edwards, in Can. Ent., XVII., 65, but there can, I think, be no doubt 
that it is identical with that described in Proc. Ent. Soc., Phil., III., 113, 
by Dr. A. S. Packard, underthe name of Plactarctia Scudderi, as 
follows :— 
‘* ¢,—Brownish-black. Sides of the prothorax, orange. Two whitish 
bands on the forewing ; one lying just under the base of the median ner- 
vure, as long as the thorax ; the other transverse running from just above 
the internal angle to the outer third of the costa. The middle of the 
patagia is whitish, and there are two curved narrow lines on each side of 
thc meso-scutum. The tips of the palpi, and the ends of the femora above, 
and the tibiz and tarsi are very pale yellowish-white, concolorous, with 
the bands on the thorax and primaries. 
Secondaries entirely brownish-black, and concolorous with the fore- 
wings. 
Length of body,.45 ; lergth of primaries, .65 inch.” 
Mr. Scudder’s specimens were collected on the Saskatchewan River, 
but the best known locality is Nepigon, on the north shore of Lake 
Superior. 
When I visited that place in 1890, July 9-11, in company with Mr, 
Fletcher, this species was just in season and fairly abundant, and I ob- 
tained over a dozen specimens in fine condition. 
It is, however, a most difficult species to collect in good order, as the 
scales come off so easily that if two are in the cyanide bottle together, 
they damage each other immediately. 
I do not think that the fact of so many of these larvee passing through 
all their stages during the one season at all indicates a second brood under 
natural conditions, as their transformations were doubtless accelerated by 
being brought to a milder climate and kept in the house. 
Last year Mr. Fletcher again visited Nepigon and secured eggs of this 
species and bred it to imago, and has informed me that while one speci- 
men completed its transformations that season and gave the moth in the 
autumn, the rest of them hibernated when two-thirds grown on the surface 
of sod merely hidden beneath the leaves, close to the ground, but without 
any silken tent or cocoon. After awakening in the spring and before 
eating they measured exactly 5g of an inch (average). 
Mr. Samuel Henshaw kindly compared for me a specimen from Nepi- 
gon with the specimens in the Cambridge Museum, and found thay whii¢ 

252 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
the specimens varied slightly in regard to the whitish transverse band on 
primaries, which is a variable feature, in other respects, both colorational 
and structural, as far as they could be compared they did not differ. 
In extenuation of the insufficiency of my notes on the earlier stages, 
I would say that the larvee were carried all across the continent and back 
again to Montreal. 
A NEW SPECIES OF OLIGOLOPHUS. 
BY NATHAN BANKS, SEA CLIFF, N. Y. 
Very few Phalangids have been collected on our mountains, and so it 
is not surprising that a new species of a genus which in Europe lives in 
high altitudes should be found on Mt. Washington, New Hampshire. 
Early in September, 1893, Mrs. Annie T. Slosson kindly sent me several 
vials of arachnids from the White Mts., and among them a vial from Mt. 
Washington containing six specimens of a beautiful new species of 
Oligolophus. It differs from the other American species which have 
been referred to that genus in lacking spines to the femur of the palpus, 
thus resembling some alpine European forms. 
Oligolophus montanus, NOV. sp. 
Length— g, 4.5 mm.; ?, 7. mm.; femur I., 2.5 mm.; femur II.,°5. 
mm: ; leg IT...45 20: mm.> o, 27. mm: > 
Cephalothorax without the median points, but with some small denti- 
cles in front of the eye-tubercle, a sublateral row each side, a few just 
behind the lateral pore, two or three on the margin a little further along, 
some at the posterior angle, one or two at the side of the eye-tubercle, a 
transverse row on an elevated ridge just behind the eye tubercle, and on 
each abdominal segment about nine denticles. All these denticles are 
black and arise from little white pits. The eye-tubercle is not large, 
canaliculate, and with two rows of about five denticles above. The palpi 
are clothed with short, stiff, black hairs, but no spines. The femur 
cylindrical, slightly curved, and enlarged at tip on the inner side ; patella 
about half as long as femur, but broader and a little swollen at tip ; tibia 
similar to patella, but a little longer ; tarsus much more slender, a little 
curved, and about as long as tibia and patella together, claw smooth. 
Legs short, the fourth pair about as long as the second, no false 
articulations in any of the tibiz ; metatarsus I. with two false articu- 
lations ; the superior edges of coxe I., II. and III. each bear a spine ; 
the trochanters have some denticles on the anterior and posterior sides, 
the femora have about five rows of denticles ; and there are two rows on 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 253 
the under side of tibia I. in the ¢; the legs have many short hairs, and 
there are small spines at the ends of the joints. 
The dorsum is dirty-white or gray, with a broad brown or blackish 
vase-mark. On the cephalothorax, the vase-mark covers nearly the whole 
surface ; on the abdomen it grows narrower on the second and quite 
suddenly enlarging on the third segment ; then gradually narrowing to 
the tip of the abdomen. The white or gray of the Sides contains a few 
black spots. Venter dirty-white, with black spots ; legs pale yellowish- 
brown ; mandibles white, with a large brown spot above on the basal 
joint, and some smaller ones on the second joint. Femur of palpus 
almost wholly brown, some small spots on patella and tibia, tarsus pale. 
The outline of the vase-mark from the cephalothorax to the enlarge- 
ment on the abdomen is very sharp and distinct, and in the darker speci- 
mens it is bordered with white. Sometimes there is a paler stripe 
through the vase-mark. 
Locality—Mt. Washington, New Hampshire; collected by Mrs. 
Annie T. Slosson. 
NOTESJON A POLYMORPHIC. PAPILIO. 
BY WM. H. EDWARDS, COALBURGH, WEST VA. 
For two or three years past Mr. David Bruce, in S. W. Colorado, has 
been taking Papilio Bairdii in company with a very different form, P. 
oregonia, as we have called it, and also with the form I described recently 
as P. Hlollandii, which last is in general like Auzrdiz, but has the abdo- 
men either with a broad stripe of yellow or almost completely, yellow, 
instead of spotted yellow in rows, as in the Asterias group, and as in 
typical Bazrdiz. And from what Mr. Bruce has seen on the ground, he 
has become satisfied that all these three forms are but one species. It is 
a remarkable case of polymorphism, the more so that it 1s not confined to 
one sex only, and that the two main forms belong to what have been 
considered two different sub-groups, namely, 4azrdi to the Asterias 
group, and this Oregonia to the Zolicaon and Machaon group. Of course, 
breeding is the final test in such a case. In 1892, Mr. Bruce obtained 
a large number of eggs froma 9 of Laird confined over the food plant. 
This, by the way, is not one of the umbelliferze, but of the composite, a 
strange plant for butterflies of either of these sub-groups to deposit their 
eggs on, Artemisia dracunculoides. And both these forms lay on it, 
passing by the umbelliferee every time. Yet, the larve in confinement 

ZA THE CANADIAN ENTGMOLOGIST. 
have been reared on carrot, fennel and parsnip. The eggs spoken of 
hatched before Mr. Bruce left Colorado in September, and he brought 
the larve to his home at Brockport, N. Y., and enclosed them over a bed 
of growing carrots in his garden, under a wire gauze screen or box. In 
this way he got upwards of forty pup, but discovered soon that almost 
all had been stung by Astevtas parasites. Out of the lot there were but 
three healthy pup, two of which produced Gairdi in the spring of 
1893, and one a @ Ovegonia, which Mr. Bruce sent me. But a few of 
the larvee when half grown had been sent to Mrs. Peart, near Philadelphia, 
and from these she got four pupe. These yielded in spring of 1893 
one Pairdii and one very large and well-marked 2 Ovregonza, which also 
I now have. The other two pupe are going over to 1894, as is often the 
case with the western Papilios, they running in the pupa stage for two 
years. 
In 1893 Mr. Bruce was again upon the ground, and devoted his time 
largely to getting at the facts in this case. On the 23rd July he sent me 
two eggs of the Oregonia, as before, laid by a confined female. I sent 
one to Mrs. Peart, and she reared the larva and got a pupa 23rd August. 
Out of this, 8th September, came a ¢ 4airdii. The other egg produced 
a larva which died soon after third moult. 
On 7th August, Mr. Bruce sent me twenty-four eggs of the Oregonta. 
obtained as before. The larve from these died off rapidly, and at all 
stages: seemed not to like their food. I treated them exactly as I have 
heretofore treated larve of Papilio, but I obtained only five pup. Some 
of the larvee were certainly killed by the others, their bodies sucked dry, and 
this indicated, I think, a dislike to the food given. From the five pupz 
up to date (21st September) have emerged four Gardai imagos, 2¢,22. 
Thus imagos of Bairdii have come from eggs laid by the Ovegonéa,and 
in two instances Oregonias have come from eggs laid by Bazrdiz. As to 
Hollandii none of the Bairdii so far obtained are of that form, and its 
relationship to Bairdzi is still but a matter of conjecture. 
I am not satisfied that the form we are calling Oregonia is identical 
with the type form found in Oregon and Washington; am inclined to 
think it is not, and intended to propose the name Lrucez for it. But, until 
more examples of the real Oregonza can be seen, I can come to no final 
conclusion. 
I must not omit to say that at all stages the larve of these two forms 
are indistinguishable. 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 255 
THE CLOVER-LEAF WEEVIL, PHYTONOMUS PUNCTATUS 
(EABR.) IN ETAY, 
BY F. M. WEBSTER, WOOSTER, OHIO. 
When Dr. J. A. Lintner prepared his first annual report in 1882, he, 
with the aid of Drs. Hagen and Le Conte, failed to discover any record 
of the clover-destroying habit of this species in Europe, and it was sup- 
posed at that time that this was a newly acquired habit, and occurring 
only in this country. Indeed, Dr. Le Conte failed to learn anything 
whatever in regard to the food habits of this species. As it has now 
entered into the Mississippi Valley and is rapidly pushing its way west- 
ward, it will be of interest to those who will have to deal with it in future 
to know that its taste for clover was not of American origin, but had been 
observed in its native home many years ago. It is a matter of surprise 
to me that nothing is said, by Italian observers, that gives the least hint 
of injury by the larva, which is, with us, by far its most destructive 
stage. Nor do I find that Sig. Piero Bargagli, from whose very useful 
work, Rassegna Biologica di Rincofort Europei, | have taken the follow- 
ing extract, anywhere mentions the larva of this species, which he con- 
siders under the name //yfera punctata, Fab. 
Here in Ohio, I find that the larvee prefer the white clover to the red, 
and some unsatisfactory observations of mine, made quite recently, 
make me feel rather suspicious that the food of the adult may include 
plants other than clover. At Chautauqua Lake some years ago, I 
observed the adults in quite numbers floating about in the water, into 
which I supposed they had either dropped or been blown from the trees. 
But if this were so, what were they doing there ? 
(From Rassegna Biologica di Rincofori Europet, p. 97-8, 1883-87. ) 
During the years 1867-70, Medicago sativa and Trifolium were very 
much damaged in Lombardy and Bologna by this insect; and on the 
4th of June, 1868, Mr. Antonio Villa, in Relazione sugli insetti che de- 
vastano tl Trifoglio, Milano, 1868, and again in Sul’ tnsetto distruttore 
del Trifoglio, Milano, La Lombardia, 73 giugno, 1868, directed the at- 
tention of the agriculturists of the district of Milan to thé damage proven 
to have been done in the districts of Melegnano and Creme, attributing 
the extraordinary development of this species to the remarkable drouth, 
followed by excessive heat, causing the destruction of carnivorous insects 
which were hostile to this and other species. Various remedies were 

256 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
employed for destroying the pests, among the most successful being the 
flooding of the meadows, rolling after the cutting of the clover, and, 
finally, collecting with small bags or nets. 
In his second article, the eminent Mr. Villa stated the fact that, in the 
appendix to the work of Géne (De guibusdam insectis Sardini« novis au. 
minime cognitis, Mem. R. Accad. Sc. Torino, Ser. 1., Vol. 39, Ser. 11, Vol. 
Z.), which had been prepared by Prof. Moretti, this species had been 
mentioned as among those having damaged clover. In pointing out how 
this insect had destroyed clover, Mr. Villa expressed the belief that an 
earlier attack had occurred, between the years 1834-35, in which the 
injuries done were similar in character to that of this species. |The 
Station of Agricultural Entomology at Florence received notice, in June, 
1879, that this insect had, in the Commune of Ferrara Erbagnana, de- 
stroyed a field of 5 ettari (about 111% acres) in extent. (See Re/azione 
intorno at lavort della Stasione Entomologica agraria di Firenze, by At 
Targioni-Toszetti, in Annali di Agricoltura del Ministero di Agricoltura 
e Commercio, Roma, 1879.) 
In the neighbourhood of Florence, besides having been found in the 
clover in spring, it was, nevertheless, observed in the winter among moss 
at the base of trees, and, though hibernating, during warm, sunny days 
would come forth and bask in the sun. ’ 
CORRESPONDENCE... 
CHALCID PARASITE. 
Sir,—I would like to record the occurrence of the following Chalcid 
parasite :-— 
Bred from eggs of Zanassa lignicolor, Walker, on oak ( Quercus alba) 
forty-five examples of 
CHAETOSTICHA PRETIOSA, Riley. 
1879, Riley, Can. ENT., xi, 161. 
minutissimum, Packard. 
1953, Pack, Proc..Bost, Soca Nat Hist... xxi.,37- 
The insects varied in length from .35 mm. to .65 mm. In the males 
the abdomen was often black banded above or largely black. They 
appeared during the first part of August. Bred at Woods’ Holl., Mass. 
Harrison G, Dyar, 

7 
: 
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 257 
CARTEROCEPHALUS PALAMON. 
_ Sir,—Mr. Thomas E. Bean, in an interesting article in the June number 
for this year, points out the identity of Carterocephalus mandan, Edw.., 
and C. palemon, Pall. I think he has well prover his position, and in 
the proper way, which is by a study of the geographical distribution, 
which will always show the intergrades between the two extremes of the 
series. The Palemon of Middle Europe and the J/andan of the White 
Mountains of N. H. look different enough, but when the series is completed 
by material found between the two extremes there can no longer be a 
doubt as to their identity. In the species that fly from the Atlantic to 
the, Pacific, and that also exist in Europe, it will be found that the Pacific 
Coast examples are far closer to the European ones than those individuals 
found on the Atlantic slope. (See Ent. News, Vol. I, p. 84.) 
The fact that Mandan was identical with Palemon was pointed out by 
Moschler in Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-botanischen Gessellchaft in 
Wien, Vol. 34, 1884, p. 283. My attention was called to this synonymy 
by Prof. E. Bergroth, of Tammerfors, Finland. 
Dr. Henry SKINNER, Philadelphia, Pa. 
VARIETY OF PRIONOXYSTUS ROBINIZ. 
Sir,—In looking over my specimens of this common moth, I find a 
singular form that I never met with before, nor do I know of any descrip- 
tion that has appeared in any entomological publication of a varied. form 
of P. ( Cossus) robinie, unless it may be Walker’s p/agzatus, of which I 
have not seen the original description. The example that I wish to make 
note of is a female, and differs from the regular form only in the follow- 
ing respects :—The whole of the sub-central inner space of the second- 
aries, ‘‘edging on the discoidal cell,” is semi-transparent orange, similar 
to that which is so characteristic of the male, but it is not quite so intense 
in brightness of colour. The specimen is in fine condition, and is unique 
in appearance, when I compare it with the many examples that I have. 
taken during the past season and previously ; hence I feel convinced that 
the form is remarkable enough to be burdened with a name of its own. 
I propose, therefore, to give it the name /. rodinie, var. guercus, because 
the species is not restricted to the extermination of Rodinia pseudacacia 
alone, but also does great damage to Quercus alba, rubra and coccinea. I 
have also found the pupa shells protruding from the trunks of Araxinus 
sambucifolia in the same locality. 
GrorRGE A, EHRMANN, Pittsburgh, Pa, 

258 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
OCNERIA DISPAR. 
Sir,—I wish on behalf of the Entomological Society of Ontario to 
acknowledge the receipt of a box from Prof. C. H. Fernald, Ph. D., con 
taining a complete life series of the Gypsy moth, Ocneria dispar, Linn., 
which the State of Massachusetts is making such a praiseworthy and 
heroic effort to exterminate. ‘The exhibit is gotten up under the direction 
of Prof. Fernald, by order of the Gypsy Moth Committee, with a view 
to extending a knowledge of this most destructive insect. It consists of 
an egg mass as deposited by the female moth on the twig of a tree ; two 
eggs exposed to view ; six caterpillars, ranging from one that had just 
escaped from the egg to the full-grown larva, beautifully mounted; a 
male and a female pupa; a male moth with the wings spread, also one 
with the wings unspread ; a female moth with the wings spread, and one 
unspread. A most instructive and important contribution to the Society’s 
collection. J. Atston Morrat, Curator. 
NEW LOCALITIES FOR PAPILIO HOMERUS. 
Sir,—It will doubtless interest your readers to know that, notwith- 
standing the fact that Papz/io homerus has thus far only been accredited 
to a very limited habitat in the island of Jamaica, mainly along the 
valleys of the Sulphur and Devil’s rivers, I have recently seen it in several 
localities in the ¢evra ¢ucognita in the highland regions of the republics of 
Haiti and Santo Domingo. ‘The mountain regions of the island known to 
Columbus as Espanola, or Hispanola as we have it, and which is now with- 
out a name as a whole—Haiti being the name of the French-negro 
republic to the west and Santo Domingo of the Spanish-negro republic to 
the east—-are practically unknown to whites, many considerable areas 
never having been trodden by white men since the sanguinary expulsion 
of the French a century ago. 
On a recent trip through this interior, in the interests of a newspaper 
syndicate, I visited a number of localities where there was growing the 
large creeper, apparently belonging or allied to the genus /fome@a, which 
I had previously discovered was the food-plant of Hfomerus, and I was 
not, therefore, at all surprised to occasionally see examples of this most 
magnificent member of its genus sailing grandly overhead. I have no 
doubt that the patient collector who will go up into the Cibas range and care- 
fully explore the deen ravines of the western slopes will be rewarded with 
a goodly number of this valuable species. //omerus is most difficult of 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOUIST. 259 
capture, its high flight and grandly rapid movements making it more of a 
problem in that respect than most of its moisture-seeking congeners. But 
the market value of the insect is such’ that, taken in connection with 
others to be captured in that region (P. Machaonides being among them), 
patience and hard living are sure to be well paid for. Should any col- 
Jector feel like attempting such a trip into the heart of that Vaudoux- 
ridden region, I shall be glad to offer such suggestions as may occur to 
me as useful to him. I shall also be glad to hear from entomologists who 
are interested in the insect fauna of the Andean water-shed of the Amazon 
tributaries, in Bolivia, Peru and Brazil, a region which I propose visiting 
at an early date. Letters addressed as below will be promptly forwarded 
to me. | EUGENE Murray AARON, 
Care of Geographical Magazine, 
79 Nassau St., N. Y. 
ARGYNNIS EGLEIS. 
Sir,—With this I send you a piece of pine-cone with an egg of Argyn- 
nis Egleis on it. Yesterday, August 8th, being an unfavourable day for 
collecting Parnassius Clodius, | went in an aimless way to find a new col- 
lecting ground. When passing along the brow of a rocky slope, I came 
toa Pinus Murrayana tree (also called P. Contorta), and saw a female 
A. Egleis walking over sticks and burs that were lying on the ground 
beneath this tree. I halted fora moment to watch her, as she gave all 
the outward signs of a desire to oviposit ; I had not to wait long, for she 
walked to a pine-cone and, seizing it with her legs, curled her body and 
fastened on an egg as far under the cone as she could reach. She then 
flew about two feet and oviposited twice in succession under a stick on a 
small stone, and on the piece of cone that I am sending you herewith, 
As I was standing almost directly over her, she flew to my left foot and 
oviposited several times under the shadow of my instep ; she came and 
went several times to repeat her work.. I lost a day’s collecting, but felt 
amply repaid by the novelty of the knowledge I acquired. What the 
next female will teach me I cannot conjecture, but trust it will be no less 
surprising and interesting to the butterfly-loving world. 
J. B. LemMBert, 
Summit of the Sierra Nevada, Cal. 
[The egg arrived safely and duly hatched out ; it will evidently hiher- 
nate without feeding.—Ed. C. E.| 

260 THE CANADIAN EN'TOMOLOGISY. 
PAPILIO CRESPHONTES. 
I was much surprised at capturing a specimen of this Southern butter- 
fly at Roach’s Point, Lake Simcoe, on the 28th of August. The locality 
is about fifty miles north of Toronto, and is probably the most northern 
point that the butterfly has reached. The specimen was worn and some- 
what damaged, but another nearly perfect one was seen and chased, but 
escaped capture. C. J. S. BETHUNE. 
THE GOLDEN HEPIALUS. 
Sir,—I have made one very interesting capture this season —Hepialus 
auratus, Grote. This rare moth was taken early in July, at Lonesome 
Lake, in the Franconia Mountains, about 3000 feet above the sea. 
In this quiet, lonely spot Mr. William F. Bridge and Dr. W. C. Prime 
have a log cabin on the bank of the lake. It was in the twilight, after 
the sun had gone down, that my golden prize came fluttering by the open 
window of the cabin, and was soon in the poison bottle. It is a fine 
specimen, unbroken, but with some of the scales rubbed from its delicate 
wings. Mr. Grote described this moth in Can. Ent., Vol. X., p. 18, 
from a specimen taken in the Adirondacks by Mr.W.W. Hill, in July, 1877. 
Ten years later Mr. E. P. Van Duzee, our well-known Hemipterist, took 
a specimen at Lancaster, N. Y., not far from Buffalo, and recorded the 
capture in Entomologist, Vol. XX., page roo. I have seen no record of 
any other capture, though it is of course possible that the moth is included 
in private collections of which I know nothing. At any rate it is among 
our very rarest moths, and I am glad and proud to include it in our 
Franconia list. ANNIE TRUMBULL SLOSSON. 
OMISSION. 
On page 224 of our September issue, between the fourth and fifth 
lines from the bottom of the page, the following lines were unintention- 
ally omitted : , 
First and third antennal joints subequal in length, some 
of the veins coloured with brown. ............06. wees levigata, Loew. 
The Annual Meeting of the Entomologicai Society of Ontario will be 
held in the rooms, Victoria Hall, London, on Wednesday, October rrth, 
at 3 o’clock p.m., and also at 8 p.m. . 
Mailed October 5th. 

5 
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THE LATE RROFESSOR WESTWOOD. 

a anata sma 
“VOL XXV. LONDON, NOVEMBER, 1893. Noe Il. 
“THE ae ATE PROFESSOR W ES WOOD. 
We are much pleased to be able to give in this issue a likeness of the 
very eminent entomologist, Professor Westwood, for which we are in- 
debted to the kindness of the publishers of the ///ustrated London News. 
John Obadiah Westwood, M.A., F.L.S., etc., was born at Sheffield, 
England, on the 22nd of December, 1805, and died shortly after com- 
pleting his 87th year, on the 2nd of January last. His father was a die- 
sinker at Sheffield, but afterwards removed to Lichfield. -When nearly 16 
years of age, he went to London to be articled to a solicitor, and though 
he devoted his attention more to the study of natural history than of law, 
he was admitted as a solicitor and became partner in a firm. Having 
some private means, which he augmented by writing and drawing, he was 
enabled to neglect his profession and give himself up almost entirely to 
entomology and archeology. 
To quote Mr. McLachlan’s obituary notice in Zhe Entomologists 
Monthly Magazine, ‘‘it was probably by his rare, artistic talent that he 
acquired much of his justly great reputation. His drawings of insects 
were masterpieces of accuracy without the slightest attempt at effect, and 
rapidly executed ; few have equalled him in correct delineation. There 
certainly never has been an entomologist who left behind him so much 
evidence, in practical work, of his ability to delineate insects, even to the 
most minute dissections. But Westwood was much more than an artist 
in entomology. There probably never has existed, and, in the present 
state of the science, there never cin again exist, one who had so much 
general knowledge, both from personal investigation and a study of the 
works of others ; one who was less of a specialist in the modern accep- 
tation of the term. It is true he was a specialist, but it was in the way 
of taking up small groups in all orders, and working them out thoroughly, 
his artistic talent giving merit and force to those small monographs. 
Under a somewhat brusque manner was concealed a hearty sympathy for 
all real workers, and, if he offended, it was commonly in the way of 
pointing out to would-be introducers, etc., of supposed novelties that 
some one or other had already made similar observations, his vast mem- 

962 THE CANADIAN ENSFOMOLOGIST. 
ory rendering him very dangerous in this respect. In society there could 
be no more genial companion, full of anecdote, but with small apprecia- 
tion of humour. At home there could be no more generous host.” 
Professor Westwood was best known on this side of the Atlantic from 
his admirable work—‘‘An Introduction to the Modern Classification of 
Insects,” which was published in two volumes in 183g and 1840. Every 
entomologist, worthy of the name, has no doubt made a study of this 
book, which still continues to be the best text-book on the subject in the 
English language. His sumptuous works on exotic insects, such as his 
“ Arcana Entomologica,”.‘ Oriental Entomology,” and his edition of 
Drury’s ‘“ Exotic Insects,” are also widely known, but his numerous con- 
tributions to various Natural History periodicals, a mere list of which 
would fill a volume, are not so familiar to our students. He was a most 
industrious and prolific writer, and made investigations in almost every 
family of insects in all the orders. His work is always characterized by 
its marvellous accuracy and patient elaboration of details both of struc- 
ture and habit. Very rarely was he ever known to make a mistake. 
He was actively associated with the Entomological Society of London 
from its foundation in 1833, and was for many years its Secretary. Sub- 
sequently he was elected President at three periods of two years eagh, 
and was made Honorary Life President when the Society celebrated its 
jubilee in 1883. He was a Fellow of the Linnzan Society from 1827, 
and an Honorary or Corresponding Member of Scientific Societies all 
over the world, 
In 1858 the Rev. F. W. Hope, a wealthy amateur, who had been for 
years a warm friend and patron of Westwood, and had purchased his 
collections, gave them and his own to the University of Oxford, and 
founded a Professorship of Invertebrate Zoology, which bears his name, 
Westwood was appointed the first Hope Professor, and, in consequence, 
removed to Oxford, where he was a conspicuous figure in the University 
for five and thirty years. 
Besides his Entomological work, he was a distinguished Archzolegist 
and was widely known amongst those of kindred tastes by his investiga- 
tions of the ‘“‘ Palzographia Sacra Pictoria,” his ‘ Lapidarium Walhe,”’ 
and “Fac Similes of the Miniatures and Ornaments of Anglo-Saxon and 
Irish Manuscripts.” He formed a remarkabie collection of carved ivories 
and inscribed stones, as well as of insects. In all respects he was a 
remarkable man, and accomplished, by dint of steady industry and 
enthusiastic perseverance during a long life, an amount of vaiuable scien- 
ufic work that has rarely, if ever, been excelled. 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 263 
THE FIFTH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE ASSOCIATION OF 
ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGISTS. 
ABSTRACTED FROM THE OFFICIAL MINUTES BY L. O. HOWARD, FOR THE 
CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
The fifth annual meeting of the Association of Economic Entomolo- 
gists was held at Madison, Wisconsin, in the Science Hall of the 
University of Wisconsin, on August 14, 15 and 16, 1893. 
Sixteen members were present, as follows :——President S. A. Forbes, 
Second Vice-President J. B. Smith, Secretary H. Garman, J. M. 
Aldrich, G. F. Atkinson, G. C. Davis, C. P. Gillette, A. D. Hopkins, L. O. 
Howard, M. E. Murtfeldt, H. Osborn, C. V. Riley, P. H. Rolfs, H. E. 
Summers, F. M. Webster and H. E. Weed. A number of visitors and 
members of other scientific associations were present during the sessions, 
making rather a large attendance. 
The following papers were presented, among them several from 
foreign entomologists, and the discussions were of the greatest interest. 
I shall briefly mention the papers in the order of their presentation :— 
The annual address of President S. A. Forbes reviewed the 115 
economic articles containing new matter published by members of the 
Association since the last meeting. These articles he grouped by subjects 
and by nature of outcome, thus giving an admirable idea of the work of 
the year in shape for the drawing of conclusions. He called attention to 
a narrowness of view and consequent inadequacy in the treatment of 
general questions, due to the want of comprehensive organization and 
systematic co-operation. In his opinion the methods of publication and 
enforcement of results now in general use fall far short of their final end. 
As a result the farmer has not responded to the suggestions of the inves- 
tigating entomologist as might be anticipated. He suggested that more 
attention might be paid to describing the effects of the insect work than 
to the insects themselves, subordinating the account of the insects. He 
insistéd that instead of making an entomologist of the farmer we should 
make a farmer of the entomologist. He suggested distinguishing between 
the temporary and permanent presentation of facts in economic publica- 
tions, advising the preparation of special economic summaries or mono- 
graphs of all insect injuries to each of the various crops, and printing 
and distributing these summaries in great numbers. Co-operation in this 
particular line was urged. Addresses to Farmers’ Institutes should be 
accompanied by a printed résumé to be distributed among those present. 

264 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
He spoke of the fact that the boundaries of the States represented by 
official entomologists are artificial, and that in consequence matters of 
distribution and other broad questions are seldom touched. ‘This fact 
and the danger of unnecessary duplication of work, and other reasons, 
called for organziation, and this organization should be of flexible form, 
leaving each individual free to meet the special requirements of his indi- 
vidual work, and at the same time helping to concentrate the surplus effort 
which should be contributed to the accomplishment of common ends. 
He suggested that a committee on co-operation propose a list of subjects 
in which co-operative effort is desirable. These subjects should then be 
attacked by volunteers, who should report to the committee. In this way 
he thought that the benefits of organization might be obtained without 
the surrender of individual initiative. 
The address was discussed by Messrs. Osborn, Smith and Webster. 
Messrs. Osborn, Smith and Garman were appointed a committee of three 
to consider the recommendations contained in the address. 
Messrs. Edward H. Thompson, of Tasmania, R. Allan Wight, of New 
Zealand, and G. C. Davis, of Agricultural College, Michigan, were elected 
to membership. 
Mr. Osborn presented a paper entitled ‘‘ Methods of Treating Insects 
affecting Grasses and Forage Plants.” In this paper he considered the 
insects affecting these crops by groups arranged according to the 
method of treatment, discussing particularly climatic conditions, natural 
enemies, agricultural methods and the direct method. He presented a 
most interesting table of insects, showing in horizontal columns the food- 
plants, number of annual broods, and the condition in which the species 
is to be found during any month in the year. The paper was discussed 
by Mr. Hopkins. 
The next paper, by Mr. Howard, was entitled “ Notes on Methods of 
studying Life-histories of Injurious Insects,” in which he described the 
vivarium methods in use in the Division of Entomology of the U.S. De- 
partment of Agriculture, but insisted that outdoor work is preferable 
where feasible. ‘The question of methods of ventilation of the insectary 
and kindred topics were discussed by Messrs. Forbes, Garman and How- 
ard. Mr. Forbes thought that indoor work on life-histories should always 
be verified by outdoor observation. 
Under the caption *‘ Another Mosquito Experiment,” Mr. Howard de- 
tailed his experience with the use of kerosene on the surface of mosquito 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLCGIST. 265 
breeding pools since his announcement of his first experiment a year ago. 
Mr. Smith in discussion mentioned two cases where this remedy had been 
applied effectually on Long Island. Mr. Webster thought that further 
experimentation was needed on the line as to the office of mosquito 
larve in destroying organic matter in water, which might otherwise be- 
come Offensive. 
The Secretary read a paper by Dr. Ritsema Bos, on “ Prytomyza 
affinis, Fall., asa Cause of Decay in Clematis.” The larvee of this little fly 
he had found to produce a disease spot on the stem a little above the 
level of the ground, causing the subsequent drying up of the stem. He 
found two generations of the fly each year, and advised the cutting off and 
burning of decaying stalks in early summer. Messrs. Hopkins and Gar- 
man reported similar appearances in potato stalks and the terminal twigs 
of apple, which were probably due to a closely allied insect. 
Mr. Smith read a paper on “ Farm Practice and Fertilizers as Insecti- 
cides.” The nature of the paper is well indicated by its title. A number 
of instances were pointed out where variation in farm practice produces 
excellent insecticide results, and others in which commercial or artificial 
fertilizers destroy subterranean insects as well as invigorate the crop. 
The intelligent use of fertilizers combined with other intelligent farm prac- 
tice, in his opinion will in the future prove the main reliance of the farmer. 
He showed, however, that the phosphates form a group of fertilizers 
which have no insecticide value. 
Messrs. Garman and Webster discussed this paper, and agreed that 
the main beneficial results in the use of artificial fertilizers are due to the 
increased vigour of the plant, enabling it to better resist the attacks of 
insects. They doubted the primary insecticide effect of these compounds. 
The above papers were all read at the first session of the Association, 
on the afternoon of August 14. At the second session, on the morning of 
the 15th, letters were read from certain foreign entomologists regretting 
their inability to attend the meeting. 
Mr. Garman presented a paper on the “ Preservation of Larve for 
Study.” He drops the larva into water heated to the boiling point, leav- 
ing it for r5 seconds. ‘Then, when the body wall is somewhat rigid, he 
takes it up with the forceps, and with a fine sharp scissors cuts a slit 
along the underside of the body, dropping it into the water again for a 
few seconds longer. Itis then transferred to 50// aicohol, and in 12 hours 
/ 
to 70%, and in r2 hours afterwards to 957 
/o) 
for permanent preservation, 

260 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 
Shape, colours and structure are well preserved in this way. As a substi- 
tute for alcohol he recommends :—boiling water, 250 cc.,; common salt, 
3 teaspoonfuls ; powdered alum, one teaspoonful ; pure carbolic acid, 5 
drops ; filter. 
Mr. Forbes spoke of the preservation of fruits at the World’s Fair, and 
suggested that plants injured by insects may be preserved in the same 
way. Mr. Summers had found nothing which would satisfactorily pre- 
serve fruits. Mr. Osborn thought that aqueous preparations would freeze. 
Mr. Smith has employed with success methods similar to those of Mr. 
Garmar. 
A paper by Mr. Cockerell, entitled ‘‘ The Distribution of Coccide,” 
was read by the Secretary. He compared the Coccide of the West India 
Islands with the adjoining mainland, and spoke of the further distribution of 
a number of species which he had studied in Jamaica. Of 18 species 
found on that Island all but 3 are known elsewhere, and rt have been 
detected outside of neotropical regions. 
Mr. Hopkins presented his views on “ Note and Record-keeping for 
the Economic Entomologist.” He described the system which he has 
worked out and adopted, and which he has proved to be well adapted to 
the requirements of his work. _ The system consists of an accession cata- 
logue and a species catalogue. Specimens of his cards or note pads were 
exhibited, and Messrs. Smith, Osborn and Webster discussed the paper, 
Mr. Webster giving in full his own system of note-keeping. Messrs. 
Smith and Osborn objected to the use of check-list numbers alone for 
species as adopted by Mr. Hopkins. 
Mr. Garman’s paper on “ Illustrations for the Economic Entomolo- 
gist” was next presented. He considers that the object of illustrations 
is to convey information and to save time in description, finish and tech- 
nique, being, therefore, matters of secondary importance. The different 
methods of reproducing drawings was very carefully and fully discussed. 
Etching was considered in general impracticable, as calling for a special 
method of drawing. Lithography was considered too expensive, and 
wood engraving is subject to lability of the engraver to misinterpret 
certain details of the drawing ; but at the same time it was admitted that 
of our published figures wood-cuts are the best. In spite of its disadvan- 
tages, it is the most satisfactory method, although somewhat expensive. 
Cheap process figures are excellent for newspaper and other transient 
literature. ‘Their right in permanent literature, and especially in scientific 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 267 
writings, is questionable at the present time. No cheap process known 
to the writer gives good results in shaded figures. ‘These figures give 
promise of something better in the near future. If it were not, however, 
for this hopeful outlook, it would be well to return to wood-engraving, 
Entomologists were urged to make their drawings with extreme care and 
to adapt them to a particular process, and not to rest satisfied with inferior 
reproduction. The paper was discussed by Messrs. Osborn,Weed, Smith, ° 
Hopkins, Gillette, Forbes and Howard. 
Mr. Gillette read a paper on “ The Arsenites and Arsenical Mixtures 
as Insecticides.” The article comprised a general summary, historical 
and critical, of the use of these substances in their different combinations. 
The paper was discussed briefly by Messrs. Beal, Wood and Galloway, 
all of whom were present at the meeting, although not members of the 
Association. 
Upon invitation, Mr. B. T. Galloway, Chief of the Division of Vege- 
table Pathology of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, gave a short 
account of some recent work done in his division upon a bacterial disease 
of melons and other cucurbits, which had been found to be largely dis- 
seminated by the agency of insects, particularly of Déabrotica vittata 
and D. 72-punctata. Messrs. Webster, Smith and Garman had seen the 
same disease in their respective localities. 
At the third session, held in the afternoon of August 15, an amend- 
ment to the constitution was adopted levying annual dues of fifty cents 
upon each member of the Association, and a resolution was passed 
authorizing the publication of the whole proceedings in Zysect Life, and 
the sending of an abstract to the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
Messrs. Osborn, Webster and Weed were appointed a committee on 
nomination of officers. 
Mr. Hopkins read a paper on * Destructive Scolytidz and Their Im- 
ported Enemy.” He gave a summary of the damage done by bark-boring 
bettles in West Virginia and other portions of the country, and his in- 
vestigation of this damage in the former State. He further described his 
trip to Germany during 1892, and the collection of about 1,000 specimens 
of Clerus formicarius, which he brought alive to this country. He de- 
scribed the placing of the insects and their over-wintering. Up to the 
time of presentation of the paper no means of ascertaining to what ex 
tent the insects have multiplied had been found, 

268 THE GANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
Mr. Riley presented a communication entitled ‘‘ Parasitic and Preda- 
ceous Insects in Applied Entomology.” He indicated the utility and 
importance of the subject, and pointed out the dangers and disadvantages 
resulting from false and exaggerated opinions. He gave an extended 
summary of the methods in which insect enemies -of insects may be 
utilized ; and followed with a chronological and detailed account of the 
suggestions and attempts, successful and otherwise, to introduce parasites 
and predaceous insects into one portion of a country from another, or into 
one country from another. He showed that the general laws governing 
the interactions of organisms, however, are such that we can in only very 
exceptional cases derive benefit by interference with them. The indi- 
genous enemies of an indigenous insect are better qualified to keep it in 
check than an imported species. Where the injurious insect is a foreigner, 
however, and has been brought over without the enemy which keeps it in 
check in its native home, then the introduction of these enemies will be 
advisable. Thus the introduction of the European parasites of the Gypsy 
Moth would be advisable. Such an introduction could do no possible 
harm, and may be productive of lasting good. 
Mr. Smith followed with a paper in the same line, called ‘“ The 
Economic Value of Parasites and Predaceous Insects.” The writer, while 
realizing the importance of parasites in maintaining the balance of nature, 
felt that their economic value has been grossly over-estimated. He 
showed that parasites simply reduce excess, but only after damage to 
crops has been done. ‘The practical uulization of parasites is more or 
less a myth, except in very exceptional cases like that of Vedalia and 
Icerya. An injurious insect which under natural conditions is abundant 
each year, must be dealt with without regard to parasites or natural 
enemies, 
Mr. Webster read a paper on ‘‘Insect Foes of American Cereal 
Grains, with Measures for Their Prevention or Destruction.” In the main 
the author insisted upon the importance of proper farm practice. He 
knows of no better insecticide than good farming. Four-fifths of the 
injury done by the Hessian Fly may be prevented by a better 
system of agriculture. The same point was elaborated with regard 
to other grain insects, and the serious ravages of a number of the 
most important pests were pointed out, and general consideration of the. 
proposed direct remedies was entered into. In the opinion of Mr, Web- 
ster, the field of the economic entomologist is poorly defined at present, 

——— 
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 269 
and too much is expected from him. The science of applied agriculture 
should relieve him of some of his duties.. This paper was discussed in 
some of its details by Messrs. Riley, Forbes and Howard. 
The fourth session was held on the morning of August 16. The Com- 
mittee on the President’s Address reported in favor of the adoption of 
his recommendations and the appointment of a standing committee to 
present a detailed plan for co-operative work among members, and to 
make recommendations concerning legislation. The report was adopted, 
and Messrs. Osborn, Smith and Garman were appointed as a committee, 
Mr. Forbes read a paper by H. Du Buysson upon * Fumigation with 
Carbon Bisulphide for the complete and rapid destruction of Insects 
which attack Herbaria, Furrieries and Woollen Stuffs.” In this article a 
very ingenious and interesting water joint for the box used for fumigating 
purposes was described, and the best method of employing the box for 
the different classes of objects mentioned in the title was given. Mr. 
Atkinson stated in discussion that he had used a very similar box in 
fumigating objects infested by insects. Mr. Garman stated that at Cam- 
bridge a zinc-lined case was constantly used for disinfecting bird and 
mammal skins. Mr. Riley had used the bisulphide in the insect collec- 
tions of the National Museum. Mr. Smith had used it against ants and 
Mr. Garman against the melon louse. The latter gentleman rolls the 
melon vines up into a heap, inverts a tub over them, and places a little 
bisulphide in a saucer under the edge of the tub. 
Mr. Atkinson read a paper by Dr. J. Ritsema Bos, on “ Aphelenchus 
olesistus, nov. sp., a nematoid worm, causing Leaf-sickness in Begonia 
and Asplenium.” He referred to a note by Mr. Atkinson, read at the 
preceding meeting of the Association, in which an Anguillulid is described 
as affecting leaves of Chrysanthemum and Coleus, making no swelling or 
deformity, but causing brown patches on the leaves. The author having 
studied and described Aphelenchus olesistus in Europe, where it causes 
almost precisely the same trouble with Begonia and Asplenium, he is in- 
clined to think that the species previously mentioned by Mr. Atkinson is 
identical. In the discussion, Mr. Atkinson stated that while there were 
characters in the form studied by him which seemed to place it in the 
genus Tylenchus, he thought that careful comparison of types might show 
the two to be identical. 
Mr. Osborn presented a paper on “ Methods of Attacking Parasites 
of Domestic Animals.” The preventive measures consisted in the ex- 

270 TIE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
amination of the introduced animals and the application of the usual 
direct. methods. A critical, summary of all the proposed remedies 
followed. The paper was briefly discussed by Messrs. Gillette, Aldrich, 
Riley, Hopkins, Weed and Howard. Mr. Riley, in speaking of the 
alleged poor success on the part of certain individuals in the use of 
kerosene emulsion, said that the difficulties of making a good emulsion 
and of getting intelligent farmers to use it safely are unnecessarily mag- 
nified. He further stated that he could not accept the opinion that in the 
case of two given remedies the poorer one was to be recommended, 
because the better one required a little more care and intelligence in 
making and using. 
In the paper by Mr. Weed on “ Remedies for Insects Injurious to 
Cotton,” the author discussed the application of Paris green against the 
Cotton Worm by means of bags at the extremities of a long pole, carrried 
by a “‘darkey”” ona mule, going at a brisk trot between the rows. This 
he considered to be the most simple apparatus which he had seen for dis- 
tributing dry poisons. For the Boll Worm, he considered the best 
application to be the planting of a row of corn about every tenth row 
through the cotton field at such a time that it will mature early in 
September. 
In Miss Murtfeldt’s paper on ‘‘ The Cheese or Meat Skipper,” which 
followed, the author drew an interesting parallel between the tendency of 
the farmer to exaggerate his losses from insect damage and that of the 
commercial man to underestimate this damage and to conceal it because 
of its possible influence upon his trade. She reviewed the literature of 
Piophila casei,and said that accounts of its life-history are not readily 
accessible in this country. She gave a popular synopsis of her personal 
observations upon the species, particularly as injuring hams. ‘The larvee 
feed principally around the bony ends among the tendons, and in the fat 
and in the oil-saturated folds of the canvas wrappers, Hibernation is in 
the adult stage. About thirty eggs are laid by each female. The larval 
stage lasts from seven to eight days, and the puparium state about ten 
days. There is no definite succession of broods, and the insect may be 
found in all stages from May until November. ‘The flies are readily killed 
by the fames of burning sulphur or pyrethrum powder. The covering of 
windows with a light domestic is advised, as the flies will get through ordi- 
nary wire screens, The paper was briefly discussed by Messrs, Aldrich 
and Riley. 
a a 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 21 
Mr. Coquillett’s paper, entitled ‘*‘ Hydrocyanic Acid Gas as an Insec- 
ticide,” was read by the Secretary. The paper consisted of an _ historical 
review of the use of this gas in California, together with an account of 
the methods in use at the present time, and some slight consideration of 
its effect upon different insects. ‘lhe cost of fumigating a tree varies 
from five cents to one dollar, and even at the latter rate figures were pro- 
duced to show that it is economical. 
A paper by Dr. J. A. Lintner, on “ Arsenical Spraying of Fruit Trees 
while in Blossom,” was read by Mr. Smith. The author reviewed the ex- 
periments by Mr. Webster, and tae statements by Mr. Cook, and 
suggested that the whole question can be settled by confining a hive of 
healthy bees to blossoms sprayed with Paris green, and afterward testing 
the stomach for arsenic. The law against spraying while trees are in 
blossom, as passed by the Legislature of Ontario, was reviewed, and a 
long list of the insects which might be satisfactorily treated by arsenical 
spraying at the time of blossoming was given. Further experimentation 
was strenuously urged. Some discussion followed by Messrs. Webster 
and Garman. 
The fifth session was held in the afternoon of the 16th August. The 
following officers for the ensuing year were elected :— 
President, L. O. Howard. 
First Vice-President, J. B. Smith. 
Second Vice-President, F. L. Harvey. 
Secretary, C. P. Gillette. 
Three papers on the insects of the season in their respective localities 
were read by Messrs. Webster, Smith and Osborn, and were discussed 
by Mr. Riley. 
A paper by Mr. R. Allan Wight, of Auckland, New Zealand, was read 
by Mr. Osborn; it was entitled “Zcerya purchasi and Vedalia cardinalis in 
New Zealand.” ‘The paper consisted of a condensed summary of the 
history of these two insects in New Zealand and their inter-relations. 
This paper was discussed by Mr. Riley. 
Mr. Smith then read a paper by Mr. F. W. Urich, of Port of Spain, 
Trinidad, consisting of ‘* Notes on Some Insect Pests of Trinidad, B. W. 
I.” The paper was an interesting summary of Mr. Urich’s observations 
on the injurious insects of that Island, and referred mainly to Coccide and 
their natural enemies, a leaf-cutting ant (4¢Za sexdens), a longicorn beetle 
(Stetrastoma depressum) and certains Acridiide. Especial mention of a 
little Cyprinodont fish was made. ‘This fish is found commonly all 
through Trinidad, and feeds upon mosquito larve. Mr. Urich suggest 
ed its introduction into America for use in tanks and ponds. 
The Secretary then read a ‘“* Note on Slip-records,” by Mr. Cockerell. 
The author suggested the use ofa uniform system of notes upon slips of a 
uniform size by all entomologists, and submitted samples. The question 
was discussed by Messrs. Hopkins, Summers and Riley. 
The Association then adjourned subject to the call of the Executive 
Committee. 

979 
4/4 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
LIST OF COLEOPTERA TAKEN AT SPARROW LAKE, ONT. 
BY JOHN HAMILTON, M. D., ALLEGHENY, PA. 
Sparrow Lake is an expansion of the Severn river, situate a little south 
of lat. 45° and east of 80° longitude. Geologically, this part of Ontario 
belongs to the Laurentian formation, and that of a very rugged type. 
The southwest side of the lake, where these coleoptera were taken, save 
in a few spots among the rocks, is wholly uncultivated and uncultivable to 
the Georgian Bay, a distance of from 20 to 30 miles. Till recently it 
sustained an immense forest growth, mostly pine, which has now disap- 
peared, and has been succeeded by a dense and almost impenetrable 
jungle of briars and bushes of many deciduous species. 
So far as coleoptera are concerned, a large majority of the species 
inhabiting this district must be considered autocthonous, and it is not 
difficult to determine approximatively such as are following the little 
spots of cultivation that are being interjected. The collecting was done 
from July 2zoth to August 15th. That the list is no longer is not alto- 
gether the fault of the collector ; in fact, in addition to the paucity of 
species, while some are in great abundance, the majority are each repre- 
sented by from one to three examples only. 
As this part of Ontario is in a comparatively primitive condition, and 
no record of the coleoptera inhabiting it has been observed, the sub- 
joined list may be of some interest:— 
Cicindela repanda, De. 
var. 12-guttata, Dez. | 
Cychrus Lecontei, De/. 
Carabus sylvosus, Say. 
Pterostichus corvinus, De/. 
erythropus, De7. 
Amara exarata, De. 
pallipes, Avrdy. 
| 
Calosoma scrutator, /aé. 
Wilcox, Lee. 
calidum, Fad. 
Elaphrus ruscarius, Say. 
Loricera cerulescens, Zin. 
Nebria pallipes, Say. 
Scarites subterraneus, /ud. 
Dyschirius nigripes, Zee. 
Bembidium patruele, De/. 
versicolor, Zee. 
Sp. undetermined. 
rubrica, Hla/d. 
Calathus gregarius, Say. 
_ Platynus sinuatus, Dey. 
extensicollis, Say. 
atratus, Lec. 
melanarius, De. 
corvus, Lee. 
placidus, Say. 
Bogemanni. Gy//. 
ruficornis, Lec. 
Galerita janus, 7a. 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 273 
Tachys nanus, Gy//. 
flavicauda, Say. 
Patrobus longicornis, Say. 
Pterostichus honestus, Say. 
coracinus, Vewm. 
stygicus, Say. 
lucublandus, Say. 
caudicalis, Say. 
luctuosus, Dez. 
Agonoderus pallipes, Fad. 
Harpalus erraticus, Say. 
viridizneus, Beauv. 
Sp. undetermined. 
pennsylvanicus, De G. 
fallax, Lec. 
pleuriticus, Azrby. 
viduus, Lec. 
Stenolophus plebeius, De. 
conjunctus, Say. 
Anisodactylus Harrisii, Zec. 
interstitialis, Say. 
Ilybius biguttalus, Germ. 
Hydaticus stagnalis, /ad. 
Dytiscus fasciventris, Say. 
Gyrinus canadensis, Reg. ? 
analis, Say. 
Berosus striatus, Say. 
Philydrus perplexus, Lec. 
Hydrobius fuscipes, Lenn. 
Creniphilus sub-cupreus, Say. 
Cercyon. pygmeum, /7/. 
Necrophorus vespilloides, /és¢. 
Silpha Americana, Lizz. 
Pederus littorarius, Grav. 
Sunius longiusculus, Jann. 
Tachinus repandus, “orn. 
fimbriatus, Grav. 
Erchomus ventriculus, Say. 
Lebia viridis, Say. 
Metabletus americanus, De/. 
Cymindis pilosa, Say. 
Brachynus cyanipennis, Say. 
Chlenius sericeus, /ovst. 
vennsylvanicus, Say. 
Anomoglossus emarginatus, Say. 
Brachylobus lithophilus, Say. 
Liodes discolor, AZe/s. 
Homalota trimaculata, 27. 
Bolitochara picta, Fauv. 
Aleochara bimaculata, Grav. 
graciliformis, azz. 
Gyrophena vinula, +r. 
Quedius fulgidus, ad. 
levigatus, Gy//. 
Listotrophus cingulatus, Grav. 
Creophilus maxillosus, Zin. 
Staphylinus violaceus, Grav. 
Philonthus pclitus, Zz. 
longicornis, Steph. 
micans, Grav. 
cyanipennis, /aé. 
sordidus, Grav. 
Sp. undetermined. 
Xantholinus obsidianus, J7e/s. 
emmesus, Grav. 
obscurus, £7”. 
N.S. (found here). 
Baptolinus longiceps, /azvz. 
Stenus—3 sp. 
Lathrobium punctulatum, Zee. 
bicolor, Lec. 
Stilicus, sp. 
Histerdepurator, Say. 
sedecimstriatus, Say. 
carolinus, Pay. 
Lecontel, JZaz's. 

THE CANADIAN 
Conosoma pubescens, ay. 
Boletobius cincticollis, Say. 
Olistherus substriatus, GyZZ. 
Oxyporus femoralis, Grav. 
rufipennis, Lec. 
Oxytelus sculptus, Grav. 
pennsvlvanicus, £7. 
insignitus, Grav. 
Trogophlceus 4-punctatus, Say. 
Scaphisoma convexum, Say. 
Hippodamia 13-punctata, Lenz. 
Coccinella trifasciata, Zz. 
Chilocorus bivulnerus, JZz/s. 
Psyllobora 20-maculata, Say. 
Hyperaspis signata, O/7v. 
Scymnus lacustris, Lec. 
Endomychus biguttatus, Say. 
Tritoma thoracica, Say. 
Silvanus bidentatus, /ad. 
Lemophleus fasciatus, J7e/s. 
Calopteron terminale, Say. 
Calochromus perfaceta, Say. 
Ellychnia corusca, Zev. 
Telephorus lineola, /ad. 
scitulus, Say. 
Collops tricolor, Say. 
Trichodes Nuttalli, Avvdy. 
Hydnocera pallipennis, Say. 
longicollis, Zzeg. 
Cis fuscipes, J7e/Z/ie. 
Canthon levis, Drury. 
Onthophagus Hecate, Pans. 
Dialytes striatulus, Say. 
Ulkei, Horn. 
Aphodius fossor, Zznzz. 
fimetarius, Zznv. 
ruricola, JZe/s. 
leopardus, Horn. 
ENTOMOLOGIST. 
Kpurrea Erichsonu, fect. 
Sp. 
Ips fasciatus, O/7v. 
Stephostethus liratus, Zee. 
Corticaria pusilla, JZann. 
pumila. Zee. 
Tenebrioides corticalis. J7e/s. 
Cyphon obscurus, Giver. 
Deltometopus amcenicornis, Say. 
Dromaeolus Harringtoni, Horn. 
Alaus myops, /aéd. 
Agriotes fucosus, Lec. 
Sp: 
Melanotus castanipes, Pays. 
fissilis, Say. 
Corymbites medianus, Germ. 
propola, Lec. 
Dicerca tuberculata, Chev. 
Sp. undetermined. 
Buprestis rusticorum, A7rdy. 
fasciata, Fad. 
Agrilus ruficollis, Fad. 
Valgus canaliculatus, Fad. 
Hylotrupes bajulus, Zznz. 
ligneus, /aé. 
Calloides nobilis, Say. 
Arhopalus fulminans, dé. 
Xylotrechus sagittatus, Germ. 
Clytanthus ruricola, O/7v. 
Euderces picipes, Fad. 
Desmocerus palliatus, Fort. 
Centrodera decolorata, Harr. 
Gaurotes cyanipennis, Say. 
Typocerus sparsus, Lec. 
velutinus, O/7v. 
Leptura nitens, /orst. 
canadensis, O/7v. 
vagans (var. brevis, Az7éy ) 

THE CANADIAN 
Aphodius lentus, /forn. 
Geotrupes splendidus, /zé. 
Anomala lucicola, ad. 
Ligyrus relictus, Say. 
Euphoria fulgida, /ad. 
Osmoderma scabra, Beauv. 
Trichius affinis, Gory. 
Pachybrachys femoratus, O/zv. 
hepaticus, J7Ze/s. 
Monachus saponatus, /a@é. 
Diachus auratus, /ad. 
Adoxus obscurus (var. vitis, /ad.) 
Xanthonia 10-notata, Say. 
Typophorus canellus (var. aterri- | 
mus. ) 
Chrysochus auratus, /ad. 
Rhabdopterus picipes, O/7v. 
Doryphora ro lineata, Say. 
Chrysomela bigsbyana, Kzrby. 
Galerucella nymphee, Zznn. 
Diabrotica r2-punctata, Fad. 
Ee vittata, Lad. 
Phyllobrotica decorata, Say. 
Cerotoma 3-furcata, /orst. 
Dysonycha pennsylvanica, ///ig. 
Haltica ignita, ///ig. 
Crepidodera helxines, Zev. 
Epitrix cucumeris, //arris. 
Systena hudsonias, /orst. 
marginalis, ///zg. 
Nyctobates pennsylvanica, De G. 
Xylopinus saperdioides, O/cv. 
Loricera cerulescens, Zinn. (pilicornis, Fab). 
ENTOMOLOGIST. 
Monohammus confusor, Avrédy. 
Urographis fasciatus, De G. 
Saperda vestita, Szy. 
3-dentata, Of. 
Amphionycha flammata, ews. 
Donacia palmata, O/iv. 
piscatrix, Lac. 
proxima, A7rdy. 
2 sp. not determined. 
* Tenebrio molitor, Zinn. 
Blapstinus interruptus, Say. 
Uloma impressa, JZe/s. 
Diaperis hydni, Fad. 
Boletotherus bifurcus, ad. 
Cistela sericea, Say. 
| Penthe pimelia, /ad. 
Eustrophus confinis, Zec. 
Canifa pallipes, JZe/s. 
Stenotrachelus arctatus, Say. 
Anaspis rufa, Say. 
Mordella melena, Germ. 
marginata, Me/s. 
Xylophilus tuberculifer, (2/ra.) 
Epicauta pennsylvanica, De G. 
Attelabus bipustulatus, /@é. 
Ithycerus noveboracensis, orst. 
Lissorhoptrus simplex, Say. 
Magdalis armicollis, Say. 
Orchestes niger, /Zorn. 
Gymnetron tetrum, ad. 
Balaninus uniformis, Zec. 
Eupsalis minuta, Drury. 
Dryoccetes, n. sp. 
A few examples of this 
interesting beetle were taken on the margin of the lake under pieces of 
It seemingly avoids muddy places. 
A variety, or rather individuals of this 
species, occurred with the margins of the elytra bordered with rufous like 
drift partly immersed in the water. 
Chlenius pennsylvanicus, Say. 

278 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
in ¢ércumcinctus, but which lack the smooth facets of the thorax of that 
species. ‘This is the crcumcinctus seen in some Canadian lists, but the 
true cércumcinctus does not inhabit Canada. 
Aleochara graciliformis, /auv. This species, though named many 
years ago by Mr. A. Fauvel (as I am informed), has never found a place 
in our catalogue. It has been in my collection from various places in 
Ontario for several years. It is a very pretty species, black, thorax with- 
out impression, legs and elytra bright rufous ; an occasional individual has 
the sides of the elytra narrowly black, and while such are more finely 
punctate and have darker legs they are not considered distinct. 
Philonthus politus, Zzzxz. (aeneus Rossi). This species was cor- 
rectly determined by both Kirby and Macklin. It is nearly cosmopolite. 
The folitus of our catalogue must be changed to /uscipennis, Mann. 
These are the latest decrees of synonymists. 
Creophilus maxillosus, Zev. Systematists now recognize but one 
species of creophi/us as inhabiting North and South America, Asia, 
Northern Africa and Europe. It exists in about ten named varieties or 
variations, vid/osus, Grav., and dicinctus, Mann., being the American forms. 
Bolitochara picta, Hauv. ‘This species was as abundant as in Penn- 
sylvania, being gregarious on mushrooms. My types of this species dre 
from Mr. F. Blanchard, for whom it was determined by Mr. A. Fauvel. 
It has the habit of a Gyrophena. ‘The antennz, head, thorax, and last 
segments of the abdomen are dark; the legs, 3 to 4 segments of the 
abdomen, and pro and mesothorax are pale ; the elytra are pale, with an 
ill-defined triangular space posteriorly and sometimes a spot around the 
scutellum dusky. There is at the middle of the base of the thorax a cir- 
cular depression marked anteriorly with two comma-like impressions. 
Length, .10 inch. 
Baptolinus ? longiceps, “awv. As Mr. A. Fauvel has stated that he 
had seen examples of /ongiceps from Canada, special search was made for 
that species, resulting in the taking of four examples, which. while not 
agreeing with Mr. Fauvel’s characters of /ongiceps in every respect as 
given in his synopsis (‘‘’Téte alongée, non transverse, un peu plus etroite 
que le corselet ; corps brun; élytres ponctuées”), probably do not vary be- 
yond specific limits ; the elytra are rather alutaceous than punctured ; the 
form of the head—‘‘ long or transverse ”—is opinionative ; the colour 
of the elytra, thorax and head, piceous. One example taken here 
and two others at Ligonier, in the Alleghanies, are in every way identical 

— = 
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 214 
Mr. A. D. Hopkins, Entomologist of the West Virginia Agricultural Ex- 
periment Station, to whom one of the Canadian examples was submitted 
for comparison, kindly states that there is ‘little perceptible difference ” 
between it and that named J/ongiceps for him by Dr. Riley through the 
National Museum. In the seven examples seen no sexual differences are 
observable in the head or abdomen. I have examples of a species 
occurring in the White Mountains of New Hampshire, which is quite 
different, having a very large head, especially the ¢. It has received the 
name macrocephalus, Nord, but from which it differs by not having 
the 6th ventral segment of the g$ emarginate and the thorax tri- 
punctate (Mannerheim’s description). I have two female examples 
from Alaska—one from Wrangel with the thorax tripunctate (macro- 
cephalus) agreeing in every other essential point with the New 
Hampshire females; and one from Prince of Wales Island, with the 
thorax bipunctate, entirely pallid, and .15 inch long, but otherwise agree- 
ing with the Wrangel example ; more material, however, must be seen be- 
fore their identity can be assured. ‘Thus it appears there are at least 
three distinct species of Baptodinus inhabiting North America, whatever 
may be said ofnames. This is the species mentioned as f7z/icornis in CAN. 
Ent., XXIV., 293, but more material shows that the head is smaller than 
in that species, the description of which otherwise is fairly applicable ; 
and it is in many ways different from the New Hampshire species. In 
the article referred to, read (Rev. Entomol., VIII, 117)., B. dongiceps, 
Fauv., instead of as in lines 28-29. Mr. F. Blanchard mentions (7 /it?) 
an example with the head scarcely punctured, taken by him in North 
Carolina, which probably belongs here. 
Dicerca, sp. Two examples, ¢ and 9, were taken in the lake, which 
seem to be nondescript ; in size and sculpture they resemble Chrysea, 
Mels., to which they were about to be referred till the terminal ventral 
segment of the @ was observed to be rounded ; the same segment of the 
¢ is truncate and rectangularly emarginate, and the middle tibia toothed. 
Other examples were subsequently seen in another collection, and it is 
possibly confused in northern cabinets with chvysea, from which it seems 
best separated by the sexual characters of the female. 
Aphodius leopardus, //orn, This species occurred in some abund- 
ance, as it likewise did at Parry Sound on the Georgian Bay, and at inter- 
mediate points. It was not taken with the other species about cow-yards, 
but on paths through the forest, Before the introduction of domestic 

278 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
cattle it probably lived in the ejectamenta of deer, moose and other wild 
animals ; only one example of /entus was taken, and that in the forest ; 
fossor was common, and whether it was originally introduced into America 
from Europe is not free from doubt—it seems to inhabit the colder and 
mountainous regions, and in Pennsylvania is not uncommon in the 
Alleghanies. Rurico/a and fimetarius were excessively abundant every- 
where, and seem to follow cultivation. /zguinatus has not as yet appeared 
in this district. 
Dialytes Ulkei, Horn. ‘Two examples were taken at Sparrow Lake 
and another at Rosseau, about 50 miles northward. The type of the 
species was taken at Deer Park, Maryland, and it is not known to me 
whether it has ever been duplicated. 
Leptura Canadensis,O//v. Occurred in some abundance ; it breeds in 
the bark of dead pine trees like Urographus fasciatus does in that of oak, 
without entering the wood. All the females seen had the base of the 
elytra red; there is no uniformity in the coloration of the outer joints 
of the antenne of the @; the 3rd joint is usually black, with sometimes 
a pale spot at base ; the 4th is commonly pale at base for half its length, 
sometimes the lower side is pale for its whole length and the upper black, 
or again there is merely a pale spot at base ; the 5th is mostly half black, 
but sometimes with only a pale basal spot; the 6th may be altogether 
pale, or with the apex black, cr with it spotted on one side or on both ; 
the 7th is altogether black, but exceptionally with a pale basal spot ; the 
Sth is altogether pale, with the apex sometimes black ; the gthis as the 7th; 
the roth is usually pale at base, but sometimes altogether black. The 
antenne of the ¢ are black, but in some examples there is a pale spot at 
the base of joints 6 and8. ‘These pariiculars have been entered into to 
show that antennal colour variation cannot be used to separate into 
species the variable forms now included in Canadensis. 
Leptura vagans, O/?v. (var. brevis, Kirby). This variety should be 
placed in our catalogue, inasmuch as it exists locally of a fairly constant 
type ; that is, with dark elytra with a sulphur-yellow discal vitta on each ; 
this was absent in one example, which was entirely black. The vagans 
form has usually yellow elytra, some examp!'es being marked with brown 
indefinitely. Without notice it requires some research to discover that 
brevis 1S vagans. 
Adoxus obscurus, Zivn. (var. vitis, Fab). This was beaten in great 
abundance mostly from willow, though that this is its only food-plant is 

—- - — 
~y 
© 
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 2 
—._- = 
not affirmed. ‘The variety v7t/s is light brown, very constant in colour, 
and so far the only form occurring in Canada. The variety odbscurus is 
taken abundantly in places throughout the Rocky Mountains to Arizona 
and New Mexico; typically it is black, but many of the examples are 
rufous, and in some of these the rows of punctures on the elytra are biack, 
causing a vittate appearance. ‘This rufous form is readily distinguished 
from vétis by the greater intensity of the colour and the much coarser 
punctostriation of the elytra. These two forms likewise occur in Northern 
Asia and Europe, as well as three other named varieties. 
Dysonycha pennsylvanica, //dig. (var. dimbicollis, Lec.) was taken in 
great numbers from Polygonum hydropiper, which it‘had nearly defoliated. 
Systena marginalis, ////g., was beaten in great abundance from the 
dwarf oaks growing among the highest elevated rocks. 
Xilophilus, n. s. About a dozen examples of this were taken at one time 
by bush-beating, but owing to their minuteness only two were found in the 
bottle,which contained many other insects. It is about halt the size of pzceus, 
which it resembles in colour, and in having a transverse basal impression 
on the thorax, though deeper ; the elytra are deeply circularly impressed 
at base, giving rise to two tubercles well separated by the suture ; the 
punctuation of the head and thorax is fine and dense, that of the elytra 
coarser ; between each facet of the eye may be seen a clavate bristle, not 
extending beyond the facet. The first three joints of the antenne and 
the tarsi are pale. ‘The insect is piceous-black, finely cinereo-pubescent, 
.045 to .o5 inch long, and may be called tudercudlifer, to preserve it from 
the oblivion often incidental to such small things. 
? Dryoccetes, Sp. This is probably the species cited in Packard’s 
Forest Insects, p. 810, (5th Rep. U. S. Commission), as Dryocetes, 
2? affaber, found by Mr. W. Hague Harrington in the cones of Pinus re- 
sinosa. This insect by difference of antennal club and tibial form does 
not appear to be a true Dryoccetes ; neither by colour nor elytral stria- 
tion and punctuation does it conform to Mannerheim’s description of 
affaber. Examples were sent to Prof. A. D. Hopkins, of the West Vir- 
ginia Experiment Station, for comparison with affaber as determined by 
Mr. Eichoff, who writes, “I have compared it with my examples of 
Dryocetes, and find it quite a different thing from any of them ; in fact, it 
differs so widely that I would pronounce it a new species. * *In the 
club of the antenna and tibia it differs from the other species so much 
that we might say it belonged to another genus.” This species breeds 
in the cones of Pinus strobus, which grow to the length of 6 or 7 inches ; 
the eggs are probably deposited in the young cones early in the season, 
the vitality of which becomes so much impaired by the larve that they 
drop to the ground when 3 or 4 inches long. Several of these collected 
the last week in July contained larve apparently full grown. Cones 
opened Sept. roth contained the perfectly chitinized and maturely 
coloured beetles—z2o or more in each. ‘Therefore the pupa state must 
have been brief. 

280 THE CANADIAN EN'TOMOLOGIS'. 
NEW NORTH AMERICAN HOMOPTERA.—NO. VI. 
BY E, P, VAN DUZEE, BUFFALO, N. Y. 
1. AMALOPOTA FITCHI, 2. sf. 
Closely allied to A. Uhlert. Smaller; elytra smoky, about twice 
banded with white; nervures carmine, ocelli apparently wanting. 
Length, 6 mm. 
Male: Vertex shorter and broader posteriorly than in Ufderi, hind 
margin very feebly emarginate, apex of the pronotum not advanced be- 
yond the base of the lateral keels; frontal keel, viewed from the side, 
broader and more strongly rounded, with a more conspicuous notch at 
the base of the clypeus than in UZ/er7. Antennz ligulate, slightly nar- 
rowed at base, the sides thickened and parallel beyond, setigerous notch 
deeper than in Uf/er:. Eyes very feebly emarginate below. Pronotum, 
viewed from above, less acutely angled before and exhibiting a slightly 
thicker edge than in U#/er7, the expanded sides subquadrate with rounded 
angles. Rostrum only attaining the apex of the hind cox. Elytra 
similar in form to those of U/erz, the neuration nearly the same but with 
fewer apical areoles, these being ten in number from the tip of the clavus 
to the apex of the subcostal nervure ; subapical areoles six, of which the 
first (outer) is large and oblong, the second small and triangular, and the 
third the longest ; basal nervures four, long. 
Colour pale yellowish-white, more obscure on the mesonotum and 
abdomen ; sides of the face with a transverse carmine band between the 
base of the antennz and the eye which is extended along the sides of 
the thorax where it becomes darker ; abdomen sanguineous above, the 
genital segments brown. Eyes and tip of the rostrum black ; antenne 
reddish-brown, the thickened edges darker. Elytra blackish-fuscous ; a 
basal elongated yellowish spot on the costa including the rounded elytral 
appendage ; beyond this are two rounded dots, a broad transverse median 
band not touching the costa, and a large angular spot on the third and 
fourth subapical areoles sending a branch to the apex of the costa 
and another to the middle of the apical margin, whitish-hyaline ; narrow 
costal area white with four brown spots, the stigmatal deeper and crossed 
at apex by a heavy carmine veinlet; nervures carmine-red, heavier 
about the stigmatal region, around the apex alternated with white ; costa 
and a line on the commissure near the apex of the :clavus, yellowish. 
Wings whitish-hyaline, with slender sanguineous nervures. 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 281 
New York. Described from a single example beaten by me from a 
tree of the wild black cherry among the hills about twenty miles south of 
this city, on July 28th, 1892. ‘This delicate little creature is a very inter- 
esting addition to our list of North American Derbide. Though quite 
distinct it is closely allied to the A. Uhlert, described in 1889, from 
Western New York specimens. (See Can. Ent., Sept., 1889). The 
characters of genus Ama/ofota, founded by me for the latter species, must 
be somewhat modified for the reception of /7fchi, as in this species the 
ocelli seem to be wanting, while in the Uf/eri they are quite distinct, 
though small and but poorly defined. This genus, though certainly valid, 
is very near Anotia, and forms a connecting link between it and Ofvocerus. 
2. CICADULA SLOSSONI, 7. Sp. 
Form and ornamentation of C. varéata nearly, but much smaller, with 
the vertex shorter and the black markings more elaborate. Length, 2%4 
toz3mm. — 
Vertex 1 longer on the middle than next the eye, blunter before and 
more rounded in both directions than in variata. Whole head much 
more deeply and coarsely punctured, the clypeus a little more narrowed 
apically, and the outer margins of the cheeks under the eyes shorter and 
more deeply excavated, with the outer angles more prominent than in 
variata. Pronotum distinctly transversely wrinkled, omitting the broad 
posterior margin which is closely punctured ; in varzata the pronotum is 
nearly smooth and more convex. Sides of the pronotum shorter, with the 
lateral angles more rounded and the latero-posterior edges more oblique 
than in variata. Last ventral segment of the female long, closely 
appressed over the base of the pygofers, the hind margin slightly waved, 
not distinctly notched on the middle as in varéata. Valve of the male 
shorter than in variata, with the apical margin but feebly arquated ; the 
plates longer and with their attenuated points longer and less recurved 
than in the larger species. 
Colour: Head yellow ; vertex with a large oval black spot on each 
side including a yellow dot and sending a branch anteriorly to the eye, 
apex with two large transverse black spots ; about four broken arcs on 
the base of the front, a cloud beneath the eye, all the sutures of the face 
and the median line black, the latter expanded on the apex of the clypeus 
and the disc of the front. Antenne dusky. Pronotum tinged with 
yellow anteriorly and marked with black along the fore border, and a 
double brown longitudinal median band widening on the hind margin. 

282 THE CANADIAN ENTCMOLOGIST. 
Scutellum black, with the tip, the lateral margins anteriorly, and a 
median line reaching only to the transverse impressed line, yellow. 
Elytra white, dusky toward the apex, marked as in varata, with oblique 
brown bands forming a lozenge anteriorly, including a pale commissural 
spot, and an x posteriorly with the tip of the clavus as its centre, the 
median bands being common to both marks. These brown bands do not 
attain the costa! margin, and are more strongly distinguished than in 
variata. Abdomen and pleural pieces deep black, the margin of the 
tergal pieces slenderly yellow, venter sometimes yellow with the segments 
and connexivum bordered within their margins with blackish. Legs 
brown, the joints and tibial spines pale. 
New York; New Hampshire. Described from three examples ; one 
male taken by me at Lancaster, N. Y., July 12th, 1889, a female taken at 
‘High Bridge,” New York City, in June, by Mr. E. B. Southwick, and a 
second female taken on the summit of Mt. Washington by Mrs. Annie 
Trumbull Slosson, to whom I take pleasure in dedicating this pretty little 
species as a slight tribute to her persevering devotion to the study of 
entomology. 
3. CHLOROTETTIX NECOPINA, 2. Sf. 
Form and size of ferxgafus nearly. Vertex with a black transverse 
band between the eyes. Colour above greenish-testaceous, marked and 
clouded with brown ; elytra fuscous, with strong white nervures. Length, 
7 mm. 
Vertex a little more produced than in ¢ergatus, and the front propor- 
tionately longer and narrower ; ocelli contiguous to the eyes. Last ven- 
tral segment of the female thin, broadly and deeply cleft nearly to its 
base ; this incisure at its apex armed with a small blunt tooth, the lateral 
lobes ovate, in one example feebly angled at apex. Pygofers stout, very 
slightly exceeded by the oviduct, and armed with a few stout brown 
bristles. Other characters about as in fergatus. | 
Colour: Beneath pale greenish tinged with testaceous, especially on 
the front, which is marked on the sides by about ten nearly obsolete 
brown arcs, and two brown dots are at the base of the clypeus ; eyes 
dark brown edged with pale. Vertex with a broad transverse blackish 
band just behind the ocelli. Pronotum testaceous, pale before and on 
the median line, either side of which is a brown cloud, and a smaller one 
occupies the latero-posterior angle, transverse wrinkles less distinct than 
in fergatus. Scutellum marked with a piceous triangular spot within the 

Tle) CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 283 
basal angles, the median line, a dot on either side, and the impressed line 
brown. Tergum fuscous, testaccous on the sides, the segment, edged 
with pale. Elytra fuscous-brown, nervures conspicuous, white, brown at 
apex. Wings smoky, iridescent, nervures brown. Legs pale testaceous, 
claws and tip of the rostrum piceous. 
Mississippi. Described from two female examples kindly sent me by 
Mr. Howard Evarts Weed. 
This very distinct species is quite anomalous in the genus in which I 
have placed it by its dark colouring and conspicuous markings, thus 
allying it with Zzmotettix parallelus. In most of its characters, however, 
it is closely related to Chlorotettix tergatus, near which it must be placed. 
4. ATHYSANUS EXTRUSUS, 7. sp. 
Form of 4. variegatus, Kirschb., broad and short; pale greyish-yel- 
low, vertex with a transverse blackish band, elytral nervures pale. 
Length, 4% mm. 
Vertex longer and more pointed than in oésoZetus, nearly 4% longer on 
the middle than next the eye ; a broad transverse band on the disc and 
an angular spot at apex blackish, each bisected by the longitudinal 
median pale line. Face pale, front black with about eight pale arcs or 
pale with as many blackish arcs, sutures of the face and a double longi- 
tudinal line on the middle of the clypeus black; antenne pale, set on a 
black cloud. Clypeus slightly narrowed to the truncated apex, its base 
arquated. Cheeks feebly angled without, exterior to the outer line of the 
lore longitudinally wrinkled; tip of the rostrum black. Pronotum 
hardly longer than the vertex, mottled with dusky and showing four or 
five pale longitudinal lines, more or less obsolete ; hind edge strongly 
concave, surface transversely wrinkled, broad anterior margin smooth and 
calloused ; sides longer than in odso/etus, carinated ; latero-posterior mar- 
gins very oblique, almost continuous with the posterior margin. Scutelum 
with four or five brown spots, the posterior sometimes obsolete. Elytra 
short and broad, hardly exceeding the tip of the abdomen, pale, the 
areoles more or less heavily edged with.fuscous. Abdomen brown or 
almost black, edge fulvous, with a few fulvous clouds beneath ; pleural 
pieces brown, pale margined ; legs pale, the femora banded with brown 
and the tibiz dotted at the base of the spines. Valve of the male broad’y 
triangular, apex obtuse ; plates irregularly quadrangular, widely spreading, 
touching only at base ; outer angles produced, subacute, armed with a 
‘few long bristles ; inner angles rounded ; styles very long, extending: for 

Io4 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
—— - ace coef ca 
half their length beyond the apex of the plates, ligulate in form and 
curved downward and outward at apex; pygofers rounded at apex, 
almost equalling the plates, the small anal aperature placed superiorly. 
New York; Connecticut. Described from three males. One taken 
at Portage Falls, N. Y., May 30th, 1888. The other two specimens were 
taken by me in Connecticut in the spring of 1883. One of these was 
swept from weeds and bushes on the hills about Northford, June 26th ; 
the other, a very deeply coloured example, I found in a grove on Prospect 
St. in New Haven, June 4th. The long extruded styles of the males will 
at once distinguish this from any other of our described species of 
Athysanus. 
5. ATHYSANUS INSTABILIS, 7. SP. 
More elongated than most of our species of this genus. Black, 
irrorated and finely marked with pale yellow. Elytra pale, the areoles 
edged with fuscous. Length, 4-4’ mm. 
Head obtusely pointed before ; vertex about % longer on the middle 
than next the eye, passage to the front well rounded, base with a few im- 
punctured areas. Ocelli large, fulvous, distant from the eyes ; temples 
broad ; front convex, the sutures arquated at the antenne and incurved 
at apex ; clypeus feebly narrowed towards its slightly rounded apex ; 
cheeks rather narrow, but feebly angled, not exceeding the clypeus. Pro- 
notum rather long, with the sides long and carinated, latero-posterior 
edges straight, angles prominent, obtuse, surface strongly punctured or 
shagreened. Elytra long, with the appendix well developed. Valve of 
the male short, obtuse at apex; plates forming an equilateral triangle, 
fulvous clouded with dusky, their edges nearly straight, fringed with pale 
bristles. Last ventral segment of the female slightly produced and 
rounded on the middle, feebly arquated either side within the short sub- 
acute lateral angles; pygofers rather small, slightly exceeded by the 
oviduct. 
Colour black. Base of the vertex, outer edge of the cheeks, and mar- 
gins of the eyes slenderly yellow. ‘Two transverse spots on the disc 
of the vertex near its base, two lines anterior to these, one or two dots 
near each eye, an angled slender line on the apex including a dot behind, 
a dot on the temples, about six arcs, a basal spot and a longitudinal line 
on the front, the latter expanded against the base of the clypeus, and 

—————————— CC rt—(CO 
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 285 
a spot on each lora, fulvous-yellow; disc of the cheeks with a pale 
cloud which sends a branch along the upper edge of the lora to the front. 
Antenne black, base of the seta pale. Pronotum irrorate and narrowly 
edged with pale, with a few irregular yellowish marks along the anterior 
border. Middle line of the scutellum, a curved markeither side of this 
on the basal field and the margins yellow, the latter interrupted at their 
middle. Narrow edges of the abdominal segments and the spines of 
the pygofers pale. Femora with a fulvous band ; hind tibiz yellow, 
dotted with piceous, the spines and claws whitish. | Elytra soiled white, 
smoky at tip, nervures concolorous broadly bordered with fuscous, the 
costal and commissural pale. 
Michigan ; Colorado. Described from one male and three female 
examples taken at Agricultural College, Michigan, by my friend Mr. G. 
C. Davis, and another female received from Prof. C. P. Gillette, taken in 
Colorado. 
This insect is nearly allied to the species described by me as A¢hy- 
sanus striatulus, Fall. (?), in Ent. Am., vi., p. 134, like which it has a well- 
developed elytral appendix. Two of the specimens before me have a 
second transverse nervure between the first and second sectors of the 
elytra, thus allying them to De/tocepha/us, but for the present it seems 
better to place them in genus Afthysanus. 
Our described North American species of Athysanus may be - 
arranged as follows :— 
A. Stout species with a short vertex and abbreviated elytra, without an 
appendix :— 
1. m4. gbsoletus, Kirch. “2. A: extrusus,, Van D:~ 3% Avcomma, 
Van D. 4. A. plutonius, Uhler. 
B. Smaller, more elongated species, with more produced subconical 
heads and longer elytra without an appendix :— 
5. A. Curtisit, Fitch. 6. A. bicolor, Van D. 7. A. obtutus, Van D. 
C. Species similar in form to those of the last section, but with a shorter 
head, flatter vertex, and longer elytra with a well-developed ap- 
pendix :— 
8. A. instabilis, Van D, 9. A. striatudys, Fall. (?). 

ISG TIE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
NOTES ON A POLYMORPHIC BUTTERFLY, SYNCHLOE 
LACINIA, GEYER (IN HUB. ZUTR.), WITH DES- 
CRIPTION OF ITS PREPARATORY STAGES. 
BY W. H. EDWARDS, COALBURGH, WEST VA. 
“Godman and Salvin, Rhopal. L, p. 177, 1882, under the specific 
name Lacinia, place Saundersii and Te/lias, Bates; Quehtela and Ar- 
dema, Reakirt; Paupera, Felder; AMfediatrix and Muisera, R. Felder ; 
Pretoria, Boisduval; Crocale, Edwards; Adjutrix, Scudder, and Adelina, 
Staudinger ; all of which they consider but inconstant forms of one species. 
From their works we quote: ‘Between these extremes, Ade/ina and 
Saundersii, every gradation of colour can be traced, and ail the rufous 
markings, as well as the yellow ones of the under side, can be exhibited 
in different individuals from their maximum development till they vanish 
altogether. . . . In the Southern States of North America, a form 
occurs which is very like Sawndersi7, and is prevalent in Texas. This is 
Adjutrix, Scudder, but we doubt the possibility of maintaining its dis- 
tinction. In Arizona another form occurs, Croca/e, Edw., which we take 
to be undistinguishable from Ade/:na, and therefore connected with the 
whole series.’” Quoted from E. M. Aaron, in Papilio IV., p. 177, in his 
paper entitled List of a Collection of Diurn. Lepid. from Southern Texas. 
Mr. Aaron adds: ‘‘Among these Texas captures were Saundersit, 
Adjutrix and Mediatrix ; the latter two were taken in copulation.” 
I have not access to the works of Godman and Salvin, but Dr. Skinner 
informs me that they figure eleven forms of this species, and its localities 
extend even to Peru and Bolivia. ‘These authors based their opinion as 
expressed not at all, so far as appears, from rearing the larvae. Indeed, 
until recently, no one seems to have been acquainted with any of the pre- 
paratory stages, not only of Zacinza, but of any species of the genus 
Synchloe. In 1892, Prof. Packard sent me in a tube with alcohol an 
adult larva and pupa, received by him from Prof. Tyler Townsend, of Las 
Cruces, N. M. In 1893, by the aid of Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell, also of 
Las Cruces, I have been able to study all the stages from egg to pupa. 
He wrote 7th July: ‘I sawa black and white butterfly, rather like a 
small Limenitis (was it not Synchloe Croca/e?) settle on two or three 
leaves of a sunflower.” On 26th July: ‘ Yesterday, Prof. Owen took me 
to his ranch, a short distance from Las Cruces, and I got there some 
Crocade Jarvee, which I send herewith. I find that the young are gre- 
garious, feeding as closely as they can stand on the upper side of a leaf of 

ney 
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 28 
Helianthus, which they skeletonize, instead of devouring the whole 
thickness, as older ones do. They remind me of the young larve of 
Vanessa Urtice. The older larve I send are of a red variety. The 
larvee are trimorphic, with forms as follows : 
I. nigra, a black form. 
2. bicolor, black with broad red dorsal stripe. 
3. rufa, red form.” 
Again: ‘The Helianthus appears to be the common H. annuus. 
One finds several larvz (adult) on one plant. Each has a leaf to itself, 
and they select the large leaves, not the young tops. They rest on the 
middle of the leaf, feeding by day, exposed to the sun. ‘They must be 
inedible to birds, as they are very conspicuous. They gnaw holes out of 
the middle of the leaf. I could not see that they make any sort of web, 
and when alarmed they drop to the ground. At one place I found three 
or four, all black. One larva found on a narrow-leafed composite (not in 
flower) was about to pupate. It may have wandered from a sunflower, 
though there was none nearer than several yards. It was pupating quite 
exposed on the leaf.” 
On July 29th: ‘‘ Yesterday, I found some batches of larve about 
one-half grown, still gregarious, and for the most part on the under side 
of the leaves. One batch was entirely of black larvee, but another, to my 
surprise, contained all the variations mentioned in former letter. In the 
majority of cases a brood is all of one colour, but at least sometimes the 
three colours may all appear in one brood. I also enclose a Crocade 
butterfly which was caught and killed by a large Asilid fly (Proctacanthus 
Philadelphicus, Mocq.)” 
Aug. 27th: ‘Yesterday I was in Juarey, Mexico (across the river 
opposite El Paso), and got a lot of insects. Among them both typical 
Crocale and the orange-shaped Adjutrix, as also a very pretty aberration, 
rufescens. I send all these herewith, as also what I call ab. nzgrescens, 
an unusually black form of Crocade proper, which I bred here in Las 
Cruces.” 
There came two labelled +zfescens and considerably unlike. One has 
a broad red band across both wings reaching nearly to costa of primaries, 
with marginal red spots on both wings ; the other has the red band on 
hindwings one-half wider than usual and of deep colour, but there is noth- 
ing of it on forewing, nor are there marginal red spots. Both these 
varieties, I doubt not, hive received species names. The bred nigrescens 

288 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
has the spots that compose the white mesial band on hindwings reduced 
to mere streaks of white on the nervules. No doubt this has received a 
species name. But one of the Juarey exampies is plainly Ardema, of 
Reakert: ‘‘ hindwings black, with an indistinct orange-brown shade across 
the disk.” 
Mr. Cockerell wrote 9th Sept.: ‘On the college farm, yesterday, I 
found a batch of Synchloe eggs on the under side of a sunflower leaf. 
They are like the eggs I sent before. ‘They are like the eggs of Melitza, 
as figured by you in Butt. N. A. Synchloe seems to be practically a 
Meliteea in its earlier stages. I send one example of iarva, black with 
numerous yellow-white dots, a sub-variety of the black type. I found 
several such.” 
During the season I had also received several batches of larve of 
Phyciodes Cav/ofa, from Montana, and eggs of same from Colorado, and 
the larvee from the Croca/e eggs were reared at same time with the others, 
so that I was able to compare the two species step by step. The eggs of 
the two are in no way distinguishable, nor are the larvz in the first two 
stages ; as regards shape and armature they are alike in the succeeding 
stages, but differ in ccloration, But the pupa of the Synchloe is not like 
that of Car/ota, which is of the typical Phyciodes shape and appearance, 
and like Zzaros, but is closely like the pupa of Meliteea Baroni, as given 
in Butt. N. A., Vol. IIL, pt. 3. The stages are described as follows :— 
Ecc.—Similar to Phyciodes Zzaros: obovoid, truncated at top, 
rounded at bottom, the lower three-fifths, or about that, examples varying, 
covered with irregular shallow indentations ; the upper part ribbed, about 
twenty-four ribs, not much elevated, not sharp, the interspaces roundly 
and shallowly excavated ; top slightly depressed ; colour when first laid 
pale green, later changing to green-yellow. Laid in close clusters side by 
side in several rows. In the cluster under view each complete row (4) 
contained just nine eggs, and there were shorter rows on either side of 
these ; on-the top was part of another layer, placed irregularly and more 
or less on their sides. These eggs were believed to have been laid 8th 
Sept., or on the day when found, and hatched on 15th, or after six days, 
YounG Larva.—Length at one day from egg, .o6 inch; cylindrical, 
even, each segment wel! rounded ; furnished with many tapering black 
hairs, or processes, of which those on segments 3 and 4 are in cross line 
on the middle, four on either side above the spiracular line; on 2 is a 
black oval chitinous patcn on top of dorsum, on which are six shorter 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 289 
processes in line, and another on each side just below the patch ; also 
two others in vertical row to the front and opposite the spiracle , on seg- 
ments 5 to 12 inclusive six processes, three on either side, arranged in 
triangle as usual in the family ; on the front of 13 are six in cross line, 
and the triangle on either side to the rear; along base of body one 
similar short process over each foot, two on 5 and 6 each, and one each 
to the remaining segments up to 12, in addition to which is a still shorter 
process over base of each proleg, and on 5, 6, 11 and 12 below the other; 
colour green, with a brown tint ; head scarcely broader than 2, obovoid, 
slightly bilobed, shining black-brown, with scattered short processes over 
the face like those of body. Duration of this stage three days. 
After first moult: Length at one day,.1 inch ; colour variable, some 
examples being light brown with a green tint, some of brown of darker 
shades ; the spines as in Phyciodes, rather short, slender and _ tapering, 
glossy black, with short bristles about them at a small angle, and rising 
from shining black tubercles; head cordate, glossy black, with many 
curved processes on the front. Duration of this stage, three days. 
After second moult: Length at one day, .14 inch; colour variable, 
some larvee being wholly black, some rust yellow, some of this last have 
on dorsum and lower half of side, a dark brown sub-dorsal band _inter- 
vening; the spines rather longer in proportion than before, otherwise 
similar ; head as before. Duration of this stage, three to four days. 
After third moult: Length at one day, .3 inch; shape and spines as 
before ; the colour as before, but the russet more red, and on those which 
are wholly russet are two black cross lines to each segment, one on the 
rear, the other at the junctions ; head as before. To next moult, about 
four days. 
After fourth moult: Length at one day,.52 inch ; variable as before, 
the rust colour deepened into red-fulvous. At about six days was full- 
grown. 
Mature Larva.—Length, .1 to 1.2 inch. Cylindrical, even ; colour 
very variable, some being bright red-fulvous ; at the junction of the seg- 
ments a stripe of glossy black, and on 4 to to inclusive a narrow, dull 
black stripe near the rear of each ; under side greenish-brown, as is also 
the front of 2; on the middle of 2 a dorsal chitinous collar, on which are 
six small spines, three on either side the mid-dorsal line; a little below 
these another ; a long spine below the spiracle; the spines on the suc- 
ceeding segments arranged as in Melita, black, shining, not long in pro 

290 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
portion to the size of the body, rising from shining black tubercles, taper- 
ing to an irregular top, and surrounded by many short black bristles set 
at a small angle ; head cordate, black, glossy, with many tapering hairs 
or processes on the face. Other examples are yellow-fulvous ; others 
have a continuous red-fulveus band on dorsum, rather wider than the 
tubercles of the dorsal row of spines ; or this band is macular, a rectan- 
gular spot being on each segment, bearing the spine ; the lower part of 
side is also red-fulvous, and the intervening space is dark-brown, forming 
a sub-dorsal band the length of the body. The red on dorsum is some- 
times reduced tu a small patch on each segment, on rear. Others are 
black throughout, except that over the upper part are specks and minute 
spotes of white or yellowish ; others are black, but from the second lateral 
row of spines to basal ridge is a band of greenish-white and biack, mot- 
tled, and sometimes the upper edge of this band shows a macular fulvous 
line. In all, the spines are black. There aye at least three distinct types 
of larva: 
tst.—All red- or yellow-fulvous. 
2nd.—The dorsum and lower part of side fulvous ; the subdorsal 
area dark-brown. 
3rd.—All black, or black with a greenish band on side. 
From fourth moult to pupation, about seven days. 
CurysaLis —Length, .45 to.52 inch 6; .55 to.64 inch 9. In an 
example of which the length was .52, the breadth both at mesonotum and 
abdomen was .2 inch; cylindrical, shape of Melitwa ; head case short, 
narrow at top, and a very little incurved, the sides excavated ; meso- 
notum rounded both ways and rising to a slight prominence on the rear, 
but not carinated, followed by a slight depression ; abdomen conical ; 
the wing cases somewhat elevated, bevelled down to the abdomen on the 
margin ; colour the first day white, pink-tinted, then becoming ivory- 
white, specked and spotted with black, with some black bands or stripes; 
a stripe across the top of head case, a band from end to end on the 
ventral side ; some spots on the head case ; on mesonotum two spots in 
front, tvo on rear, one on either side (at the tubercle); in some ex- 
amples these are mere points, but in others large, and form a ring around 
the middle of the mesonotum ; on the abdomen a black crescent on the 
anterior side of each tubercle ; on middle of wing case a bent bar, two 
patches at hind margin, and several dots ; the tubercles correspond to 
the spines of the larva, and are low, conical, orange. But there is great 
sor 

THK CANADLAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 291. 
variation in the size of the black marks, and there is every grade to a 
nearly black pupa, black marked with white. No two of the melanic 
examples were alike. Duration of this stage, five to seven days. By 
the above, it will appear that the pupz also are polymorphic, some being 
almost wholly white, some almost wholly black, with all sorts of intergrades. 
These resulted from the pupz reared in July and August imagos 
which came out between 2nd August and roth :— 
1st.—From all red larva..............000+ 00663 orange banded, or Adjutrix 
8 white banded, or Cvroca/e 
2nd.—From all black larve ...............08. Tile caste sth. ances om sar Adjutrix 
Ris Sestadeelveawe stetiagae sees Crocale 
From pupz of the succeeding brood of larve, the imagos out between 
29th August and 8th September :— 
BS ie AM TCC IAT Veeco uiae vo sicavisjcusinn's ses Sec a el aA uedacsslitiesge eliu vere sieee eae FOCALE 
oes Alle Dla Che taiVitec cner ssa cine canon csaccssen 2 \seesesees ScovnnsneedesaeOHOCale 
Ares Sete cabiitews ons AOUUEEIA 
3rd.— Red backed larvae.......c+..seee Sede.n00s WeQpemenicaey ute cetseecceesia OGOCILE 
Bras : nee 
I he avery walight orange tint. 
rt very red and broad band. 
The last brood of larve of the year, out of eggs hatched Sept. 15th, 
hibernated after third moult early in October. As this is exactly the 
habit of the Phyciodes (as Vyctezs and Carlota), we may assume that 
the larve on their waking up early in spring, (Feb. or March, no doubt, 
at Las Cruces), would be in pupz within two weeks thereafter, to give 
imagos a few days later. Probably, therefore, the butterflies are on the 
wing by April, and thereafter a brood will appear at least monthly. If 
this is so, the first larvee received by me, in July, would have come from 
the third generation of butterflies of the year, ‘This generation, from 29 
pupe, gave 18 Adjutrix imagos to 11 Crocale, or 62 per cent, Adjutrix, 
and 38 per cent. of Croca/e. ‘The following generation, from August 
larve, out of 28 pupe gave 19 Crocale to 9 Adjutrix (including all red- 
banded), or 68 per cent. Croca/e and 32 Adjutrix. The proportions in 
the two generations were nearly reversed, and as the season goes on there 
would seem to be a tendency to produce the white banded form. It will 
be of interest to watch the outcome of the hibernating larve, and I hope 
by Mr. Cockerell’s aid next season to learn which form prevails in the 
two or three earliest generations. 
As Lam correcting the proof of this paper, I can add from a letter of Oct. 21st, 
from Mr. Cockerell ;—‘‘ The Synchlee is still flying here in fair numbers. I find that in 
a state of nature the larve hibernate gregariously in the dead, curled up leaves of the 
sun-flower. 

29” TITER CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
ON A SEEMINGLY MICROLEPIDOPTEROUS LEAF-MINER OF 
THE NARROW-LEAFED COTTONWOOD. 
BY C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND, KINGSTON, JAMAICA, W. I. 
In the same leaves of Populus angustifolia in which were found the 
tenthredinid (lepidopterous ?) leaf-miners,* in the Canada Alamosa, north- 
ern Sierra county, N. Mex., in June, 1892, there were also found specimens 
of a very distinct leafminer. It bears a striking resemblance to the leaf- 
miner of the vine found in the Mesilla valley of the Rio Grande. It 
possesses the sucker-like mouth of that miner. After being mounted in 
glycerine on a slide for several days, however, the outer portion of the 
distended sucker-like organ became transparent, exposing within what 
appear to be two stout rounded mandibles with teeth on their inner 
edges. 
Since this miner is footless, and yet possesses toothed mandibles, I 
infer that it is micro!epidopterous. It mines on the lower side of the 
leaf, not being visible from above. 
Description of miner.—Length, 3% mm. Colour entirely white. 
Whole larva fleshy, consisting of thirteen segments. Widest anteriorly, 
narrowing posteriorly. Segments laterally rounded, the anterior ones 
especially projecting on sides, the body being laterally deeply incisediat 
sutures. Head rather triangular in snape, running to a blunt point an- 
teriorly, widest behind—wihere it is less than 23 the width of protheracic 
segment. Anterior end of head terminated with a sucker-like organ 
distally distended, constricted at base into a neck-like junction with the 
head, enclosing and concealing a pair of apparently corneous jaws or 
mandibles. Mandibles are a little longer than wide, rounded-oblong, 
furnished on inner edge with three recurved or posteriorly directed teeth. 
Antenne springing from anterior lateral edge of head just posterior to the 
neck-like constriction of the sucker-like capsule which encloses the mouth- 
parts. ‘The antenne are apparently 4-jointed, but possess some super- 
numerary bud-like joints. First two joints about same length, the basal 
one slightly thicker ; third joint less than half as thick and shorter than 
second, accompanied by two slender bud-like or tooth-like joints which 
spring from the second joint and are shorter and narrower than third 
joint. Fourth joint a little shorter and smaller than third, about size of 
the supernumerary joints just described, accompanied by a shorter super- 
*See article ‘‘ Another leaf-miner of Populus,” in Journ, N. Y. Ent. Soc., Vol. I, 
’ 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOiCGIST. 293 
numerary joint which is terminated by a bristle. Eyes situated imme- 
diately behind base of antennz, on outer edge of head, appearing asa 
black dot with three other dots in a row behind. Prothoracic segment 
widest ; mesothoracic and metathoracic segments about same width, and 
a little narrower ; segments 5 to 7 about equal, and much narrower than 
thoracic segments ; 8 to 11 successively and gradually narrowing, 12 a 
little longer than 11; 13 widened, especially posteriorly, narrowing an- 
teriorly, incised on lateral edge. All the segments nearly the same length, 
the posterior ones more elongate for their width, head longer than pro- 
thoracic segment. Surface of body very thinly clothed with a few fine 
moderately long hairs, some on head. Feet and legs entirely absent. 
Described from an. alcoholic specimen in a glycerine mount. A 
second specimen, about the same size, has the segments more approxi- 
mated, body hardly as tapering posteriorly, lateral incisures hardly as 
deep, and the anal segment not widened. It is, perhaps, the same species. 
Canada Alamosa, June 17. 
ANNUAL MEETING OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 
OF ONTARIO. 
The annual meeting of the Society was held in its rooms in Victoria 
Hall, London, on the 11th and rz2th of October, the vice-president, Mr. 
J. M. Denton, occupying the chair in the absence of Mr. Harrington, the 
president, who was unfortunately unable to be present. The reports of 
the treasurer, librarian and curator, the council, the botanical, ornitholo- 
gical, geological and microscopical sections were read and approved 
Several interesting papers were read and addresses delivered. A number 
of rare and remarkable specimens were exhibited. Full reports of the 
proceedings will be published in the forthcoming annual report to the 
Legislature of Ontario. 
The following gentlemen were elected officers for the ensuing year :— 
President—W. Hague Harrington, Ottawa. 
Vice-President—J. Dearness, London. 
Secretary—W. E. Saunders, London. 
Treasurer—J. A. Balkwil!, London. 
Directors—Division 1—James Fletcher, F. L. S., F. R. S. C., Ottawa. 
. 2—Rev. C. J.S. Bethune, F. R. S. C., Port Hope. 
3—Gamble Geddes, Toronto. 
««  4—A. H. Kilman, Ridgeway. 
RS 5—R. W. Rennie, London. 

294 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
Librarian and Curator—J. Alston Moffat, London. 
Editor of the CANADIAN EnromoLocist—Rev. C. J. S. Bethune, M.A., 
DD GALaPort bape. 
Editing Committee—J. Fletcher, Ottawa ; H. H. Lyman, Montreal ; 
Rev. T. W. Fyles, South Quebec; J. M. Denton and J. H. Bowman, 
London. 
Delegate to the Royal Society—Rev. T. W. Fyles, South Quebec. 
Committee on Field Days—Dr. Wolverton, Messrs. Clement, Elliott 
and Stevenson, London. 
Auditors—J. H. Bowman and J. M. Denton, London. 
HYBLGAA PUERA, CRAMER. 
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, LaS CRUCES, NEW MEXICO. 
Mr. Butler (P. Z. S., 1892, p. 133) remarks concerning the Wyb/eide 
(Hybleine, | would rather write) as follows :— 
“The position of this family is somewhat doubtful ; the aspect of the 
species forcibly reminds one of the Tortrices, but the neuration does not 
altogether correspond with that of the Zortricidw ; at the same time the 
Hybleide do not appear to be true Noctuites.” How this may be, I can- 
not venture to judge, but HZ puwera is very common in Kingston, Jamaica, 
and as I have bred it, a description of the larva may help to decide the 
question. 
Larva: about 19 mm. long, rather reminding one of the megacephala 
group of Acronycta. Body cylindrical, with sparse hairs of moderate 
length Head shining pitchy-black Body black above, with a more or 
less interrupted red dorsal stripe ; and very narrow subdorsal white stripes, 
much broken into spots. The black continues as far down as the spira- 
cles, but just above the spiracles is another broken white line, like the 
subdorsal. There is a narrow yellowish-white band along the lower mar- 
gin of the black, and below this the body is marbled with grey and pale 
reddish- brown, a small hair-patch below each spiracle being ringed with 
white. Abdominal legs pale brown. ‘Thoracic legs shining red- brown. 
The first 3 and the last body-segments are almost entirely black beneath. 
Lives in curled-up leaves of Cata/pa, in which it pupates. 
Pupa bright red-brown. 
Larva and pupa found in Kingston, May 3, 1892. Three moths 
emerged on May to. 
Mr. J. J. Bowrey has briefly referred to the larva in Handbook of 
Jamaica, 1881, p. 118. Moeschler, in his Porto Rico work, says the larva 
is found on Crescentia and Zecoma. ‘The distribution of the insect is 
extraordinary—West Indies, Brazil, Java, Ceylon, Nepal, China, 5S. 
Africa, Madagascar, Mauritius, etc. 
jl ae ee age 

bo 
co 
ol 
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
BOOK :NOTICES. 
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS: REPORTS FOR 1892. Printed by order of Par- 
lament: Ottawa, 1893. 
This valuable “ Biue-book” has been before us for some time, having 
been distributed in April jast, but various circumstances have prevented 
us from noticing it and several other publications, for which we are in- 
debted to the courtesy of the authors. Our readers will, of course, be 
chiefly interested in the report of Mr. James Fletcher, the Entomologist 
and Botanist of the Central Experimental Farm at Ottawa, which occu- 
pies twenty-four pages of the volume. After mentioning the chief insect 
attacks of the year, Mr. Fletcher gives an interesting and valuable 
account of the life-histories of the Hop-vine Borer (Aydrecia immanis, 
‘Guén.), the Red Turnip-beetle ( Zxtomoscelis adonidis, Fab.), the Western 
Blister-beetle ( Cantharis Nuttadli, Say), and the Birch Bucculatrix (2. 
Canadensisella, Chamb.); in these there is much new and original matter, 
as well as a summary of the previous observations of others. The iden- 
tification of the hop insect, which is also called, from its mode of attack, 
the “Collar-worm of the Hop,” is particularly interesting. Its injuries 
have been observed for more than twenty years, but it was a long time 
before the moth was reared from the destructive larve and its identity 
established. The most effective remedy for this insect appears to be the 
encouragement of the unsavory skunk in the hop-yards ; in the northern 
part of the State of New York and in Wisconsin, this animal has been 
found most useful from its habit of digging round the infested plants and 
devouring the worms. The turnip and blister-beetles referred to have 
been very destructive in the Northwest Territories, the latter attacking 
the Windsor Bean, while the Birch Bucculatrix has infested the trees in 
the neighbourhood of Ottawa. Mr. Fletcher also describes several useful 
parasites which serve to keep in check the currant and willow saw-flies 
and other injurious insects. The remainder of his report is devoted to 
an account of the potato-blight which affects the leaves of the plant, and 
the potato-rot affecting the tubers, anda chapter on lawn grasses and 
fodder plants. 
CATALOGUE OF THE LEPIDOPTEROUS SUPER-FAMILY NOCTUID& FOUND 
IN BoreAL AMERICA: By John B. Smith, Sc. D.: (Bulletin No. 44 
of the United States National Museum). Smithsonian Institution, 
Washington, 1893. 
This volume of four hundred and twenty-four pages will be heartily 
welcomed by every student of the Noctuide of North America. It is 
not a mere list of species, but a complete bibliographical and synonymical 

296 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 
catalogue. ‘The authority, date and reference are given for each genus, 
and under each species are given the date, author and place of publica- 
tion of the original description, followed by any other published refer- 
ences, the synonymy, habitat, and where the type can be found. Anyone 
who has attempted to keep a record of the published references to our 
Lepidoptera—and we have all been compelled to do so in some form or 
other—will appreciate the immense amount of labour that Prof. Smith 
has performed in the preparation of this work, and must feel heartily 
grateful that he has now relieved us of a task that few are competent to 
accomplish satisfactorily. The saving of time, and the satisfaction of 
knowing that one is not now likely to overlook anything that has been pub- 
lished regarding a species, are no small boons to the student. For a full 
explanation of the origin and purpose of the work, we must refer the 
reader to Prof. Smith’s somewhat lengthy preface, which will be found 
well deserving of careful perusal. The general index at the end of the 
volume makes the work complete, and we have no hesitation in saying 
that it is the most useful publication on the North American Noctuide 
that has yet been issued from the press. We trust that the author will 
before long be able to lay us under still greater obligations to him by the 
publication of his contemplated monograph of the whole of this family 
of moths, 
CORRESPONDENCE. 
CORRECTION, 
Sir,—In my last paper, ‘‘ Washington Tenthredinide, etc.” I find that 
I have made the following mistakes :—Page 238, line 13 from top, 23 
from top, and page 239, line 6 from bottom, the word /Zadzwm should in 
each case be /abrum. A. D. MacGILiiveay. 
CALLIDRYAS EUBULE. 
Sir,—On the 5th of October last I observed a bright yellow butterfly, 
much larger than any of our species of Colias, flying in the street here, 
but it soon passed out of sight over some houses. On the oth inst. I 
observed some others, and at last succeeded in capturing what proved, 
to my great delight, to be a specimen of Cad/idryas Eubu/e, the first 
taken in the State of Iowa. Hitherto it has not been seen north of 
Missouri ; though I have collected in this State for ten years, I have never 
met with this butterfly before, but now I have taken no less than four 
specimens, all females, and so fresh that they look as if they had just 
emerged from the chrysalis. Keota is built upon ‘‘ the divide,” and is ten 
miles either north or south from any heavy belt of timber, or any large 
stream of water. These specimens must therefore be “ wind-visitors,” as. 
Mr. Grote terms them, and have been wafted here by the air-currents from 
the south. A. S. VAN WINKLE, Keota, Iowa. 
Mailed November 4th. 

SS ——_-— 
The anatiay myatomologtst. 
OL xy, i 3 
- LONDON, DECEMBER, 1893. No. 12. 
NOES ON TEE, OCCURRENCE OF HEPIALUS THULE; 
STRECKER, AT MONTREAL.* 
BY H. H. LYMAN, M. A.. MONTREAL. 
In the part of Mr. Strecker’s Lepidoptera, Indigenous and Exotic, 
dated Feb. 22nd, 1875, is the description, and on the accompanying 
plate an excellent figure, of this species from a female sent to that author 
by the late Mr, Cauifield, and which was probably taken in the previous 
summer. The specimen was found in Phillips Square, which is about two 
miles from its nearest known locality, by the caretaker, from whom it 
passed to the taxidermist of the Natural History Society, who gave it to 
Mr. Caulfield. 
From that time I can find no further record of its capture till that 
given in the Feb., 1884, number of the Canapian ENtTomo.ocist (Vol. 
XVI., 39), by the late Mr. Bowles, who recorded having received a speci- 
men of it during the previous year, 1883. He also stated in the same 
note that Mr. J. G. Jack, of Chateauguay Basin, P. Q., had also a 
very beautiful specimen of this moth, presumably taken in that locality. 
In 1889, when looking into this matter, I wrote to Mr. Jack, at 
Jamaica Plain, informing him that I had found it recorded in the old 
minute book of the Montreal Branch that he had found the larva of what 
was probably a large species of Hepialus at Chateauguay, and asking him 
for particulars about this matter, and especially whether he had ever 
succeeding in rearing the larva to imago, or had taken this species there, 
and mentioning what Mr. Bowles had published in 1884. To this letter 
Mr. Jack replied that for two or three years in succession he had found 
a larva which he believed to be a Hepialus in the stems of Acer Spicatum, 
and one in a stem of A. Rubrum, and another in that of A. Pennsylvani- 
cum ; that the stems in which they were found were from one to two 
inches in diameter ; that the borings extended from about a foot above the 
surface of the ground down into the rootstock, and that the point of exit 
* Read before the meeting of the Entomological Club of the American Association 
for the Advancement of Science, at Madison, Wisconsin, August, 1893. 

295 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
was usually but a few inches above the surface of the ground ; that the 
larvae were searched for and found in late fall or early winter, and that 
though about a dozen were found he did not succeed in breeding the 
imago ; and finally that he never took 47 Zhule anywhere, but exchanged 
with the late Mr. Shaw, of Montreal, for a nice specimen which he after- 
wards gave to the Museum at Cambridge, Mass. 
No further specimens, so far as I have been able to ascertain, were 
taken till 1885, in which year Mr. Shaw was so fortunate as to secure 
nine specimens. Mr. Shaw, to the great regret of our members in the 
Montreal Branch, died in 1886, and I was therefore unable to learn any 
further particulars from him. 
In 1887 I searched in vain for the species, but in 1888 I was success- 
ful in discovering it, and took twelve specimens. 
The locality where I discovered it, and which was probably the same 
as where Mr. Shaw had found it, is the brow of the old sea terrace of the 
post-pliocene period which extends for some miles east and west of Mon- 
treal, at a point in the municipality of Cote St. Antoine on the western 
outskirts of Montreal, and just above the St. Henry Swamp. I only found 
it in a very limited portion of this locality, not more than 4o0o or 500 feet 
in length, and supposed it was restricted to this very small area. 
In 1889 I only secured six specimens, though I visited the locality 
much oftener, and in 1890 one just before starting on a trip across the 
continent, while in 1891 I only obtained two, and one other was taken by 
Mr. Winn. 
From these facts I feared it was doomed to extinction in this locality, 
as the Canadian Pacific Railway runs along the brow of the terrace, and 
the swamp at its base is being drained and cultivated, and will be built 
over in a few years. 
But last year we learned from one of our members that he had taken 
the species about three miles further west, but on the level swampy tract 
below the terrace, and some of our members went out on 15th July and 
two specimens were secured. This year Mr. Winn has traced it out all 
along this terrace, so that its range is much more extensive than we 
supposed. 
The earliest date upon whicn I have taken it is 6th July, and the latest 
upon which I have heard of its being taken is 20th July of this year, but 
the specimens were worn and ragged. 
The species seems to fly only for about fifteen to twenty minutes in 
Ain 

eer eee 
—e 
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 299 
the twilight, as I have never taken it before ten minutes past eight, nor 
ever after half-past eight. Bright, clear evenings I have found much more 
favourable than cloudy ones, though J have visited the locality on many 
evenings without seeing one. 
I have never succeeded in seeing where they came from, though I 
have stood watching intently for them for fifteen minutes or more before 
they appeared, but suddenly two or three would be in the air together, 
often out of reach of the net, swinging back and forth in their peculiar 
oscillating manner, though single individuals have been taken by others 
while flying along near the ground. 
_ If touched by the net without being caught, they would drop into the 
grass apparently quite helpless. Six-sevenths of those which I have taken 
were males, but others have secured a more even division of the sexes. 
One of the specimens taken in 1891 was a female, which I kept alive 
in order to secure eggs. It laid freely an enormous number, and I do not 
know whether it might not have laid more had it been kept alive longer. 
It was kept alive for two days in a wooden box, with gauze over the top, 
and seemed to hang perfectly quiet and to allow the eggs to run from her, 
as they were not attached, but loose in the bottom of the box. At the 
end of this time she was found to have been knocking about and spoiling 
her wings, and so was killed. The eggs were counted very carefully, and 
were found to amount to the enormous number of 2,151. 
The following description was taken :— 
Length, .o27 of an inch. 
Breadth, .o22 of an inch. 
Even oval, slightly flattened on lower side, perfectly smooth, but dull, 
like unglazed porcelain. i 
Colour, a pale honey-yellow when laid, soon turning black. 
This female, however, must have been virgin, as the eggs speedily 
shrivelled, so that I was unable to obtain the young larve, or to make 
any of the experiments which I had contemplated in the direction of 
placing the eggs upon any likely food-plant. In connection with this 
subject several questions of great interest arise. It is well known that 
the moths of this family are very abundant in the Old World, one espe- 
cially, Hepia/us Vel/eda, swarming in Scotland in myriads, yet though we 
have a great many species on this continent, I do not think that any one 
can be considered other than very rare, except AH. Mustelinus, which 
Packard reported (Proc. Ent, Soc., Phil., III., 394), as not uncommon at 

500 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
Brunswick, Me., at light, and 47. Argenteomaculatus, which is stated to 
be pretty generally distributed, though it is certainly not common in the 
imago state.* 
Now, if the females in this genus produce over two thousand eggs 
each, it can be easily understood why they are so abundant in Europe, 
but why are they so rare on this continent ? 
Mr. D. S. Kellicott, who discovered the larva and pupa of 7. Argen- 
teomaculatus, found that that species bored in the roots of Alnus incana, 
but came up into the stem when mature, and Prof. J. B. Smith stated that 
it bred also in oak, willow and poplar. Mr. Kellicott stated in his paper 
upon this subject, which he read before this club at the Cleveland meeting, 
that after these nearly mature larve had come up into the stem, large 
numbers of them were destroyed by woodpeckers. 
Upon reading this, it occurred to me that possibly this furnished the 
key to the mystery of the scarcity of these moths on this continent, and I 
therefore wrote to an ornithological acquaintance to ask if woodpeckers 
were more abundant on this continent than in the Old World. This 
gentieman replied that while he had no definite knowledge upon that 
question, he should judge that we had in Canada ten to twenty times as 
many woodpeckers to the square mile as they had in England. 
I must, however, confess that even if this estimate be correct it is not 
an entirely satisfactory explanation, as there are on this continent a num- 
ber of small species in this genus which no doubt feed in the roots of 
shrubs or herbaceous plants where woodpeckers would not be likely to 
find them, which are quite as rare as the larger species. I also wrote to 
Dr. Strecker to learn whether, so far as he knew, Thule had ever been 
found in any other locality than Montreal, to which he replied as 
follows :—‘‘ Some years since, an example of f[epialus Thule was taken 
somewhere in Wisconsin, I don’t recollect where or by whom, but a 
sketch was sent me at the time for identification, which I immediately 
recognized as that species.” 
In regard to the life-history of the species in this genus, the English 
entomologists ta whose works I have access are extremely vague. Stain- 
ton, in his Manual I., 109, says of the genus, ‘“ Larva feeding on the 
roots of plants,” which leaves it very indefinite as to whether he means in 
the roots or tunneling in the earth and feeding on the roots. He even 
says that the larva of H. Hectus feeds on the leaves of dandelion, and F. 
O. Morris says “on the dandelion.” Newman, “ British Moths,” does 
not commit himself as to Hectus, but of most of the cthers he says ‘on 
roots,” but of H. Velleda he says “in thesubterraneous rhizome of the 
common brake, ( Preris aguilina ).” 
In spite of the very loose statements of English entomologists, I think 
there can be no doubt that the larve of this genus are internal feeders, as 
stated by both Harris and Packard. 
*Since writing this paper Prof. J. B. Smith has called my attention to the fact 
that 47, McGlashanz is very abundant. See Ent. Amer., II., 15. 

— a 
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 301 
ON SOME UNDETERMINED BOMBYCES. 
BY HARRISON G. DYAR, NEW YORK. 
Tuia (THELETHIA) EXTRANEA, Hy. Edw. 
Mr. Andrew Bolter, of Chicago, has kindly sent me the type of this 
species for examination. It proves to belong to none of our families of 
Bombyces, as I had suspected. (See Journal N. Y. Ent. Soc., I., 98). 
On comparing the venation with Pseudanaphora arcanella, Clem.,* I 
find it to be essentially the same, differing only in details. Vein 2 of the 
secondaries is more remote from vein 3 in Thia than in Pseudanaphora, 
the lower fork of the discal vein ends between veins 4 and 5 instead of 
at origin of vein 4, and veins 5 and 6 arise from a common point instead of 
being well separated. Vein 8 (cosial) present in both, strong, distinct, free, 
not ‘apparently none.’ On the fore-wings the venation is very similar in 
both. The second internal vein (submedian) is weak ; the first strongly 
furcate at base. A!l the venules free, unbranched. Subcostal vein very 
remote from the costa, all closely as in Pseudanaphora. 
The fore-wings of this little moth are closely and heavily scaled 
above, glossy black ; below of a gray brown, the veins slightly discolor- 
ous, the costa and fringe black. Hind-wings nearly hyaline, with but a 
few scattering scales ; the fringe well developed, black. 
Body parts black, the tongue pale, contrasting. 
As the name Thia has been used before in entomology, the present 
Tineid genus may be known as Zhelethia. 
CISTHENE (CLEMENSIA) LACTEA, Stretch. 
Mr. Beutenmiiller has discovered a specimen of this species in the 
Edwards collection, without label. So far as I have been able to examine 
it, it does not violate the characters of Cisthene, but its coloration is so 
different from the other species of the genus that I would prefer to place 
it in Clemensia, with which it agrees perhaps equally well structurally. 
PSEUDOPSYCHE (OkDONIA) ExIGUA, Hy. Edw. 
According to the present arrangement, the synonymy of this species 
is as follows :— 
Family, Psycuipa&. 
Genus, Oeponta, Avrby. 
“Determined by Prof. C. H. Fernald, 

302 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
1893, Kirby, Cat. Lep. Het., I. 524. 
|| Pseudopsyche, Hy. Edw. 
1882, Hy. Edw., Papilio, II., 124. 
QO. ExiGuA, //y. Ldwards. 
1882, Hy. Edw., Papilio, II, 125. 
No characters have been published which would allow of giving the 
genus Oedonia a family location. Its reference to the Psychide is pro- 
bably due to its colour only. The statement that the pectinations of the 
antenne are furcate at the tips I am unable to verify, and I regard it as 
erroneous. ‘The other characters which have been given are general 
ones. 
I have examined Mr. Neumoegen’s specimen, by the kind permission 
of that gentleman, and present my notes on the venation, as they may be 
of assistance to some one :— 
Primaries.—Vein 1 free, straight, simple, not furcate at base, remote 
from internal margin ; median vein 4-branched, vein 2 arising beyond 
the middle of cell; all the venules, veins 3 to 11 inclusive, simple, un- 
branched, arising independently and nearly equidistant from each other 
from the end of the cell. The cell is oval in shape, pointed at base. 
Vein 12 from the base of wing, free, about midway between the sub- 
costal vein and costa. 
Secondaries.—Three internal veins. (I am unable to make out vein 
Ia positively, owing to the condition of the specimen and to the fact that 
I cannot bleach the wing. Veins 1b and rc are present, the latter in the 
normal position of the submedian fold). Median vein 4-branched, cell 
closed, the cross vein angulated between veins 5 and 6, with a discal fold 
from the angulation. Vein 6 arises half way from the angulation to the 
apex of cell, vein 7 from apex of cell; vein 8 free from base, straight. 
The frenulum consists of a minute spine, apparently without any costal 
loop on primaries. The exact location of this genus I will leave to 
students of the Microlepidoptera. One of the type specimens is in the 
Edwards collection in the American Museum of Natural History, New 
York, the other in the collection of Mr. B. Neumoegen. 
LIMACODES FERRIGERA, Walker. 
Mr. A. G. Butler has very kindly sent me a good coloured figure of 
the type in the British Museum, and it proves to be Adoneta spinuloides, 
Clem. 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 303 
GLUPHISIA SEPTENTRIONALIS, Walker. 
DASYCHIRA CLANDESTINA, Walker. 
Both these names refer to G. ¢rz/ineata, Pack., and both antedate it. 
Mr. Butler has sent me a sketch of sepfentriona/is and notes on it, and 
Mr. J. A. Moffat has compared the type of c/andestina with specimens of 
trilineata, and writes me that “it is, so far as I can make out, almost 
identical with what we have under the name of Gluphiséa trilineata.” 
The synonymy will be :— 
G. SEPTENTRIONALIS, Walker. 
1855, Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., IV., 1038, Gluphisia ? 
1882, Grote, check list, p. 18, pr. syn. trilineata ? 
clandestina, Walker. 
1861, Walker, Can. Nat. & Geol., VI., 36, Dasychira. 
1877, Grote, Can. Ent., [X., 21, Gluphisza. 
trilineata, Packard. 
n904.. Packard.) broc.-Ent..soc. Phil., 1EH., 355. 
ICHTH\URA APICALIS, Walker. 
As suggested by Dr. Packard (Ent. News, IV., 79), this species proves 
to be /. vaw. Mr. Butler has sent me a coloured figure of it. The name 
takes precedence, and we have :— 
I. aprcaLis, Walker. 
1855, Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., V., 1058. 
vau, Fitch. 
1859, Fitch, 5th Rept. Nox. Ins. N. Y., 65. 
indentata, Packard. 
nod back, Proce Entssoe. Phil: IIL.; 352. 
ornata, Grote and Robinson. 
1868, G. and R., Trans. Am. Ent..Soc., II., rgrt. 
incarcerata, Boisduval. : 
1868, Boisd., Am. Soc. Ent. Belg., XII., 86. 
Not to mention the synonymy of the paler form. 
CERTILA FLEXUOSA, Walker. 
I have shown Mr. Butler’s figure of this to Prof. J. B. Smith, and he 
feels sure that it represents Raphia frater. This removes the name from 
the list of undetermined Bombyces. 
Mr. Butler deserves hearty thanks for his kindness in assisting us to 
determine these names. 

304 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
THE MESILLA VALLEY COTTONWOOD LEAF-MINER 
DETERMINED. 
BY C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND, KINGSTON, JAMAICA. 
Among the first insects which I found upon my arrival in the Mesilla 
Valley of New Mexico, in March, 1891, was a small sawfly. My notes 
on this species were made as follows at the time :— 
March, 1891.—Specimens of a small yellowish and brownish sawfly 
were found quite abundant flying everywhere from middle to last of 
March. ‘They were not found on any plant, but their numbers make it 
probable that they will turn up as injurious to some plant. Det. by Dr. 
Riley as Llennocampa, nov. sp. 
In an article in Zoe., vol. iii., p. 234-6, Oct., 1892, under the title of 
a leaf-miner of Populus fremontii, | described the larvee, there supposed 
to be tineid, and gave an account of their great destructiveness to the 
foliage of these trees in the Mesilla Valley in 1891 and 1892. All 
attempts to breed the miner were futile. 
However, in April, 1893, the trees were watched carefully during the 
time when the leaves were opening. ‘The result was that on April gth, 
adult sawflies were found very numerous on the cottonwoods, flying about 
and (apparently) ovipositing in the partially opened leaf bunches. The 
leaves were one-third to one-half opened at the time. ’ 
Specimens of these sawflies were captured on the spot. On being 
carefully compared with the specimens taken in March, 1891, which, as 
above mentioned, had been determined by Dr. Riley as a new species of 
Blennocampa, they were found to be the same. Dr. Riley has since ex- 
pressed doubt ¢z /¢¢. that the two were the same. Though I did not 
breed the species, | am sure quite beyond any doubt that the sawflies 
caught April 9, 1893, are the adults of the leaf-miner referred to as 
described in Zoe. Iam quite as certain also of the identity of these saw- 
fijes with the Blennocampa, n. sp., determined in 1891 by Dr. Riley. 
Dr. Riley has given me zz /¢t. the MS. name Alennocampa popult- 
foliella to use for this species. I therefore place these notes on record, 
so that my stand in the matter may be known. It appears that the pre- 
cise name of the cottonwood of the Mesilla Vailey is Populus fremontii, 
Watson, var. wés//zeni, Watson, as Prof. Ceckerell has pointed out to me. 
(See Bull. 2, Forestry Division, U. S. Dept. Agric., 1889, p. 188). 
I should also point out that | found in New Mexico other tenthredinid 
(?) leaf-mining larve in Fopulus angustifolia, in the Canada Alamosa 
(see Journ, N. Y. Ent. Soc., i, No. 2),‘which belong to a different genus 
without doubt. 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 305 
DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME SPECIES OF COLEOPTERA 
OCCURRING NEAR ALLEGHENY, HERETOFORE 
UNDESCRIBED. 
BY JOHN HAMILTON, M.D., ALLEGHENY, PA. 
Preparatory to the publication of a list of the Coleoptera of this vicin- 
ity, ithas been thought proper to characterize and name the following 
forms :— 
Bembidium postfasciatum.—Coppery-bronzed, dark beneath, elytra 
pallid, two dark fasciz. Head convex, impunctate, longitudinally 
impressed on each side between the eyes, coppery-bronzed ; antennz 
with three basal joints pale, the others fuscous ; thorax quadrate, base 
and length equal, wider at middle, base truncate, basal strize double, hind 
angles rectangular, carinate, dorsal line deep, coppery-bronzed, often 
tinted green in the basal impressions ; elytra pallid, silvery white in life, 
elongate oval. brcadly deeply impressed transversely behind scutellum, 
deeply striate, striz dilated before middle and coarsely punctured, punc- 
tures finer towards apex, intervals convex, third bipunctate, a broad un- 
dulated dark fascia behind middle, another before apex sometimes inter- 
rupted at the suture and sides ; underside dark, often with a greenish 
reflection ; legs entirely pallid. Length, .18-.21 inch. Characterized 
from 8 examples. Habitat: Palludial places along streams ; not common, 
but abundant when found. This species has been distributed as a variety 
ot dorsale, Say, from which it is abundantly distinct ; in that species the 
head and thorax are brilliant green, the impressions of the thorax less 
dilated, the strize of the elytra finer, not dilated near base and with finer 
punctures, the intervals flat ; the fascia narrower and less conspicuous, a 
greenish space around the scutellum and scarcely evidence of a trans- 
verse impression. 
Platynus parmarginatus.— Elongate, depressed, dark above, antenne, 
mouth parts, underside, epipleure and reflexed margins of thorax ferru- 
gineous, with a tendency to piceous on the abdomen. Head with deep 
frontal impressions, a little narrower than the thorax within the marginal 
reflexions ; thorax quadrate, widest at middle, narrowed to apex and 
base by a curved line, anterior angles prominent, obtusely rounded, 
posterior obtuse, side-margins uniformly and widely reflexed, discal line 
fine not reaching base, length and greatest width equal ; elytra deeply 
sinuate at apex, striate, intervals convex, the third with four punctures. 
Length, .30-.38 inch. Characterized from 30 examples. Habitat : 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
Su) 
S 
oO 
Channels of spring runs on hills dry in summer; not common, but 
abundant when found. This has been distributed as a variety of reflexus, 
Lec., from which it is very distinct, the latter being much larger, with a 
more elongate and differently shaped thorax, tripunctate elytra, and 
piceous underside and legs. . cinctus has the same form of thorax with 
parmarginatus, but the reflexed margin of the thorax is much narrower 
anteriorly than posteriorly ; the thorax of reflexus is perceptibly longer, a 
little coarctate on the sides before base, widest one-third from apex, and 
may be termed lyriform. 
Stenelophus humidus.—Piceous black, shining, basal joint of antennz 
and feet pale. Head short, two-thirds as wide as thorax, smooth, 
antenne brown except basal joint, very pilose ; thorax quadrate, a little 
narrowed behind, sides curved, basal angles rounded, scarcely obtuse, 
impunctate, discal line fine, sometimes obsolete, basal impressions shallow, 
impunctate, often with minute rugee, lateral edge narrowly ferrugineous ; 
elytra with impunctate striz, intervals scarcely convex, the third with a 
minute puncture at apical third, somewhat iridescent, extreme sutural and 
marginal edge sometimes pale ; scutellar striz at most rudimentary, fre- 
quently invisible ; in the ¢, middle and anterior tarsi have the fourth 
joints deeply bilobed. Length, .18-.20 inch. Characterized from 15 
examples. Habitat: Grassy swampy places in meadows and abott 
springs. Abundant. Distinct from S. p/edbeius, which it closest resem- 
bles, by its smaller size, less rounded thorax, obsolete scutellar striz, and 
other characters seen on comparison. This species has been distributed 
as Stenelophus, N.S. 
Soronia substriata.—Oval, length twice the width, much depressed, 
pubescent, sordid, rufescent. 
Head finely punctulate, a transverse row of minute tubercles and some 
Scattering ones, antennze brown, fourth joint scarcely shorter than third, 
antennal grooves nearly parallel; thorax two and one-half times wider 
than long, apex deeply emarginate, base truncate, sides regularly curved, 
incurved a little at base, side margins widely explanate and moderately 
reflexed, medial line indistinct, surface not indented, densely finely punc- 
tured to the extreme margin, pubescence fine and matted together on the 
disk with a brown indument producing a granulated appearance ; elytra 
widest at the base, sides forming with those of the thorax, except the 
sinuation at base, a regular oval curve and with continuous broad reflexed 
margins, feebly costate or substriate, densely finely punctured, setose, 
~ 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 507 
pubescence dense, very short and matted on the disk with indument, the 
margins translucent when cleaned ; beneath shining, rufopiceous, under- 
margin of thorax and elytra very broad and smooth, and with the venter 
very densely, scarcely visibly punctate. The mentum and its appendages 
are different from those in the other species, but to be understood a figure 
is necessary ; the strial arrangement is more distinct than in wdu/ata or 
the European grisea; there is no appearance of maculation except from 
abrasion. The indument, whether natural or acquired, could probably be 
removed like that on gvisea by washing with ammonia, and when cleaned 
the surface would be rufous. Only two examples occurred in May under 
maple (acer rubrum ) bark. 
Corymbites elongaticotlis.—Black, sericeo-pubescent ; head coarsely 
confluently punctured, front a little depressed, antenne, ¢ a little longer 
than head and thorax, ? a little shorter, serrate from the second joint, 3rd 
scarcely longer than 4th, 11th constricted slightly near tip ; thorax one-half 
longer than wide, not very convex, a little roundly narrowed from middle 
to apex, slightly constricted before the hind angles which are divaricate 
and carinate, obsoletely canaliculate at base or not, finely and closely 
punctured especially on the sides, a little shining when the pubescence is 
rubbed off ; elytra not wider than thorax than which they are twice longer, 
uniformly narrowed from base, strie of moderate depth, intervals convex 
and closely punctured with fine punctures causing a rugous appearance, 
finely sericeo-pubescent ; femora and tibiz piceous; tarsi rufescent 
beneath, very slender, rst joint just perceptibly longer than 2nd, 5th as 
long as 3rd and 4th conjointly ; abdomen sericeous, finely densely punc- 
tulate, protborax and side pieces more coarsely. Length, .32-.45 inch. 
Described from six examples ; not uncommon in Western Pennsylvania, 
and I took an example at Parry Sound, Ontario. It varies greatly in size. 
In the series it should be placed near ¢arsadis or mendax. 
Hemiptychus castaneus.—Elongate-oval, widest at base of thorax and 
elytra, rufocastaneous, pruinosely pubescent, excessively finely punctulate; 
thorax at base sinuate each side of middle, obliquely truncate and sepa- 
rated externally from the base of the elytra by an indentation for the 
knees of the middle feet, external two strie finely impressed from the 
middle continuously around the apex uniting with the short apical im- 
pressions of the rst and 2nd striz, and in two examples traceable an- 
teriorly to the humerus, from which in one of these is an evident third 

308 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
stria ending at the middle; as indistinctly punctulate below as above. 
Length, .o5 to.o8 inch. Described from 4 examples. 
The pubescence is excessively fine, pruinose in appearance and lightly 
attached ; when removed the surface seems highly polished, but with a 
good glass is seen to be densely punctulate. The smooth species of 
Hemiptychus; while readily separable by the eye, are not easily made 
known by description. 
This species is next to xéyritudus, the most common near Allegheny 
and Pittsburg. On vaccinee and other low bushes; June, July; not 
abundant. 
/somira ruficollis—Piceous black, thorax, mouth parts, tibie and 
tarsi ferrugineous. Head densely finely punctulate, transversely impressed 
between the antenne, antennz brown, one-third longer than head and 
thorax, in both sexes, third and fourth joints subequal, each not much 
longer than one of the following ; thorax at extreme apex as wide as long, 
twice wider at base, very graduately narrowed from base to near apex and 
then suddenly incurved, margin exceedingly fine, base not or slightly 
sinuate each side of middle, hind angles slightly acute, dorsal line often 
scarcely evident, two or more vague discal impressions sometimes 
present, punctulation exceedingly fine and dense, dull from a dense 
microscopic pubescence ; elytra at base scarcely wider than the thorax, 
slightly dilating to apical fourth, sutural stria not impressed before 
middle, 2nd not evident beyond apical 3rd and no traces of the others ; 
closely, moderately, coarsely, uniformly punctuate over the whole surface, 
each puncture bearing a short inconspicuous hair, shining ; underside 
punctulate like the upper, metasternum and side pieces more coarsely ; 
length, .17-.21 inch. Described from eight examples. 
Not rare on bushes near wet places. The elytra at full maturity are 
shining black, more or less brownish when immature. In some examples 
there is an undefined dark spot on the disk of the thorax. In this species, 
as well as in many other Cistelides, the antenne differ much in length 
among individuals of either sex, also in the length of the joints; and the 
same is true in regard to the distance between the eyes ; therefore, these 
characters are of little value for the separation of the species. 
Acalles curtus,—Inflated, without erect setze, unicoloured, cinereous. 
Head and heak, except at tip, finely granulato-punctate, punctures con- 
cealed by indument; thorax equally wide at apex and base where the 
width and length are subequal, one-fourth wider at middle, sides arcuately 

stl er or 
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 309 
rounded, disk notably depressed before the scutellum. Surface, when de- 
prived of concealing indument, granular from the density of the punctua- 
tion, and with a polished dorsal line , elytra convex, inflated at middle, 
measured across the convexity as wide as long, roundly contracted from the 
middle to base where the width equals that of the thorax, posteriorly strongly 
declivous, deeply and widely striate, punctures large and distant, intervals 
convex and narrow with a crenate appearance ; legs granulato-punctate 
and coated like the head and thorax. ‘The punctures contain exceedingly 
short curved bristles visible only when sought for. Length, .o8-.10 inch. 
Described from 4 examples. Easily known from all our species as yet 
described, by the absence of erect setee and patches of scales on the elytra, 
as well as more globose form. Occurs near Allegheny, Pa., in April, 
about beech trees (Fagus ferruginea), under stones where it has _hiber- 
nated, but is not often found. 
Pachybaris strigapunctus.—Bariform, black, shining, tarsi piceous. 
Beak polished, slender, long, arcuate ; that of ¢ punctate at base and 
finely irregularly lineate to apex when carefully viewed; that of ? 
scarcely longer, punctate and lineate at base to the insertion of the an- 
tenne ; first joint of antenne nearly three times longer than second, 
which is one-half longer than third, 3 to 7 equal in length but increasing 
in thickness, the 7th rather suddenly ; thorax wider than long, convergent 
from base forward, suddenly constricted at apex fur the insertion of the 
head, base with a long scutellar-lobe on each side of which it is slightly . 
sinuate, finely, closely strigate in longitudinal wavy lines, scatteringly 
punctured especially near the apex, a fine median line from apex to 
scutellum ; elytra a little wider than the thorax, twice longer, widest at 
middle, finely striate, strie not obviously punctured, intervals flat, 
uniseriately punctured, each puncture containing a white scarcely project- 
ing hair or seta ; underside, pro- and meso-thorax and legs rather coarsely 
closely punctured, venter more finely, white sete of the punctures more 
conspicuous than above ; tibiz roughly striate and punctured. The ¢ 
has an acute tubercle before the anterior cox, in one example a spine as 
in some Centrinus; the anterior coxz are not widely separated, the 
prosternal cavity is well marked but not incised. Length, .12 to.15 inch. 
Characterized from 3 g and 3 9 examples. Occurs in May and June on 
Crategus, but not abundantly. 
Balaninus confusor.—F¥orm, colour and vestiture the same as in 2. 
nasicus. Rostrum in both sexes thickened and punctured at base, that of 

310 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
the female not exceeding three-fourths the length of the body, and the 
antennal scape equaling the three basal joints. Hind femur with an 
oblique medium-sized tooth ; claws with appendices acute. Length, .24 
tu .28 inch. Described from 5 ¢ and 5 9 examples. The foregoing 
characters will readily separate this species from any with which it is 
likely to be confused:—The oblique femoral tooth and acute claw 
appendix, from 4. zasicus which it most resembles; the longer antennal 
scape of the 9 and the beak thickened and punctured at base in both 
sexes, from 2. uniforms; the acute claw appendices, denser véstiture 
and wasicus shape, from odtusus. Abundant in western and scuth- 
eastern Pennyslvania, West Virginia, south-eastern Ohio, Massachusetts, 
and North Carolina. Blanchard. For further comparative characters, see 
CAN. ENT, XX11; 7: 
I have obtained this species from the acorns of Quercus ilicifolia, but 
it probably depredates on the fruit of other species of oak. An example 
was also obtained from one of the large apple-galls of Solidago nemoralis; 
these galls are composed of a compact porous mass caused by the larva 
of a fly named by Fitch Acnia solidaginis (Rep. 1st). The gall con- 
tained three coleopterous larvee after the fly escaped, one of which 
developed the next year and turned out to be this species. Oviposition 
on this gall can scarcely have been otherwise than a mistake on the part 
of the parent. 
NOT ES AND QUERIES. 
BY REV. W. J. HOLLAND, PH. D., ALLEGHENY, PA. 
I have just received a specimen of an Erebus odora, which was cap- 
tured Jast Wednesday evening (Sept. 27th) in the lecture-room of the 
First United Presbyterian Church, in the city of Allegheny, where its 
appearance caused no little consternation among the devout “ mothers in 
Israel” who were at praver meeting, and who thought it was a bat, of 
which evil things are said by the unsophisticated. It is a male in good 
case. This is the third specimen I have received this summer. The 
first was taken about four weeks ago in the cellar of my father’s residence 
in Bartholomew County, Indiana. The second was taken at Jeannette, 
Pa., near a spring-house. All three specimens are fresh in appearance, 
as if not long from the chrysalis. Undoubtedly this great moth is more 
than an occasional visitor from the tropics, and should be reckoned as 
belonging to our fauna, though scarce. Its capture has been recorded 
north of the Ohio and Potomac many scores of times, and it has been 
taken repeatedly in Canada. 
_ 

re 
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. et ial 
Papilio Cresphontes, for the first time, has been taken this summer 
in the neighborhood of Pittsburgh, and in considerable numbers. One 
collector obtained four specimens in one locality. The food-plant is 
Zanthoxylum and Ptelea in these parts. In Florida its larva is abundant 
upon the orange and lemon trees. 
One of the commonest of our Papilios is Philenor. Here its larva is 
found upon Aristolochia. In southern Indiana, in Bartholomew county, 
I have observed it summer after summer, sometimes in immense num- 
bers. It is one of the commonest butterflies there, as here. But, with 
the exception of one or two specimens of Aristolochia growing about 
verandahs in the village of Hope, I think I may safely say there is nota 
plant of Aristolochia within many miles of the fields in which I have 
counted the perfect insects by the score. What is the other focd plant 
upon which the larva feeds ?_ It runs in my mind that I have read that 
the caterpillar has been found upon the smart-weed (Polygonum hydro- 
piper), but I cannot recall where I have seen this statement made. I 
have never been able to verify it by observation. Perhaps some reader 
of the CanapIAN ENTOMOLOGIST may be able to throw light upon the 
subject. 
The banana merchants in our town have proved themselves possessed 
of curious entomological stores. I have received from them a couple of 
living tarantulas, and not long ago a living specimen of Caligo Teucer, 
which had emerged from a chrysalis hidden in a bunch of bananas. The 
insect had been transported by sea and land from either Honduras or 
some port in the northern portion of South America, a journey of several 
thousand miles. This reminds me that in several consignments of eastern 
Lepidoptera I have found our Danais plexippus, Linn. One of the 
sendings was from Borneo, the other from Java. We shall soon hear of 
its domestication on the mainland of Asia, and it will probably spread all 
over China and Japan. ‘The insects taken by the U.S. Eclipse Expedi- 
tion of 1889, at the Azores, numbered among them two specimens of 
this butterfly. There were only about a dozen specimens of insects 
taken at the Azores by the industrious? naturalists of the party, and I 
judge that it must be common there. Why we have not yet heard of its 
domiciliation on the African continent isa mystery to me. It will no 
doubt get there before long. 
I have a specimen of Limenitis taken in Warren county, Pa., this 
summer, which is most remarkable. It has all the markings of L. ursula, 

12 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
but both the primaries and secondaries are crossed by very broad, white 
bands, as in L. arthemis. It is, however, larger than any specimens of 
Arthemis I have ever seen, and exceeds the majority of L. ursula in size. 
It has the white spots in the cell of the primaries which appear in some 
female specimens of L. Weidemeyeri. It is altogether a queer beast 
combining the characteristics of three of cur species. No doubt they 
all sprang from a common ancestry, and this specimen reveals the force 
of atavism. 
EXOCHILUM MUNDUM, SAY, ATTACKING THE FALL 
WEB-WORM. 
BY A, H. KIRKLAND, ASSISTANT IN THE AMHERST, MASS., INSECTARY. 
One hot afternoon in the early part of August, 1893, while out collect- 
ing, | found a large web of the Fall Web-Worm ( //yphantria cunea, Drury), 
on a young apple tree. Reaching up to cut off the twigs to which the 
web was attached, my attention was attracted by an unusual disturbance 
among the inmates of the web. Closer inspection revealed the fact that 
a medium-sized Ichneumon fly had intruded within the family circle, and 
was proving herself a most unwelcome visitor. Tearing into the web with 
her feet she would force her way along until she arrived under the 
skeletonized leaves upon which the larvz were resting and through which 
. = . bes ’ ‘ 
they were plainly visible. When her presence was noticed by the larve 
lying on a large leaf nearest the intruder, they raised their heads and 
swung them rapidly from side to side, and at the same time each one 
emitted a drop of greenish fluid from its mouth. Meanwhile the Ichneu- 
monid had crept up under the leaf, and bending the posterior segments of 
her abdomen until the partly exserted ovipositor extended forward between 
the feet and beyond the head, she poised herself for a moment as if to 
take aim, then with lightning rapidity she darted her abdomen and ovi- 
positor still farther forward and struck through the leaf into the body of a 
larva, which at once commenced to writhe and twist as if in great pain. I 
watched this operation continue for about half an hour and did not observe 
the Ichneumonid sting any larva more than three or four times, usually 
but once. 
Upon attempting its capture it broke out of the web and flew off. 
Soon, however, it returned, and after circling about for a short time as if 
to select a favorable place for renewing cperations, it alighted and again 
forced an entrance into the web. This time my efforts were successful, 
and my capture, as kindly determined by Prof. Fernald, proved to be 
Exochilum mundum, Say. ‘The larve that had been stung were brought 
to the Insectary for the purpose of obtaining more specimens of this 
interesting _Ichneumonid. 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 313 
NORTH AMERICAN THYSANURA—IV. 
BY ALEX. D. MACGILLIVRAY, ITHACA, N. Y. 
Most modern European writers follow Tulleburg in placing all the 
Collembola in the family Poduride, and including the Poduride, Lipurt- 
de and Anouride of Lubbock in the subfamily Zépurine. It would 
seem more natural to restrict the name Podurvide to those genera bearing 
the saltatory apparatus on the antepenultimate abdominal segment, in- 
stead of the penultimate, and then to include those genera in which the 
saltatorial apparatus is wanting under the name Aphoruride.”* 
APHORURID#, nom. nov. 
Body naked, generally small ; antennz four-jointed ; ocelli present or 
absent ; postantennal organ usually present ; tarsi with one or two claws ; 
furcula wanting. 
The genera belonging to this family can be readily separated by 
means of the following table :— 
A. Mouth parts not produced cone-like beneath the head. 
B.. Narsi with two distinct clawSi.....5.:ce.ss .-ssernes locorcan ADLOTUTEL 
BB.  Tarsi with a single stout claw. 
C. Postantennal organ wanting, ......0c...secseee sees oee DOUrlELIA. 
CC. Postantennal organ present. 
D. Anal spines present; postantennal organ trans- 
VEUS Cte eet coat aa seoesaga tej tacecknlcc eersey aces ase LOE roeas 
DD. Anal spines wanting; postantennal organ circu- 
Faleaeeee Serer oc coeenae Sate) ARES a rene Sameertaa Anurida. 
AA. Mouth parts produced cone-like beneath the head. 
B. Ocelli present, three on each side of the head...... Neanura. 
ery wOcelli, ‘Wantttige.sdeersy sce cccvcrceoeees Secon Mcrae snes Aphoromma. 
Aphorura,t gen. nov.—Ocelli wanting ; antennz four-jointed ; post- 
antennal organ present; ocellate punctures at base of the antenne 
present ; lower claw of tarsi distinct. Type, Podura ambulans, Linn. 
Proposed for Lipura, Burm., which is preoccupied in Mammology. 
Bourletia, gen. nov.—Ocelli sixteen, eight on each side of the head ; 
antenne four-jointed; ocellate punctures, postantennal organ, anal 
spines. and lower tarsal claw wanting. Ty pe, Anur ophoru us lari ‘cls, ING: 
*Lipura and Anura are both preoccupied in zoology. 
ta, priv. ; opos, ferens ; ovpa, cauda, 

314 THE CANADIAN ENTCMOLOGIST. 
Tullberg uses Anurophorus, Nic., for this species, but both Anuro- 
phorus and Adicranus, Bourl., have Podura fimetaria, Linn., as type, 
which belongs to Zépura, Burm. ‘The genus is named for the Abbe 
Bourlet, a well-known writer on Thysanura. 
Tullbergia, Lubbock.—Ocelli wanting ; antenne four-jointed ; post- 
antennal organ present ; lower claw of tarsi wanting; anal spines large, 
stout ; body elongate. Type, Zul/bergia antarctica, Lub. 
Anurida, Laboulb.—Ocelli ten, five on each side of the head ; anten- 
ne four-jointed ; postantennal organ present; ocellate punctures, lower 
claw of tarsi, and anal spines wanting. Type, Achorutes maritimus, Guer. 
Anurida maritima, Guer.—Body plumbeous, sparsely covered with 
long hairs; head triangular, produced between the antenne, broadly 
truncate in front, broadly emarginate behind; antennz shorter than the 
head, basal segment large, globular, one-half broader than the other seg- 
ments, second segment a little longer than the first, the third and fourth 
closely joined, as long as the first and second together ; eyes five, two in 
front and three behind ; postantennal organ with seven prominences, ar- 
ranged in the form of a circle; legs short and stout, covered with long 
stiff bristles ; claws long, blunt, one-half the length of the tibia. Length, 
3 mm. : 
Habitat : Eastern coast of the United States, Europe. 
Neanura, gen. nov.—Ocelli six, three on each side of the head; an- 
tenne four-jointed ; postantennal organ present or wanting ; ocellate 
punctures, anal spines, and lower claw of tarsi wanting ; mouth parts 
produced cone-like beneath the head. Type, Achorutes muscorum, Temp. 
Proposed for Anoura, Gerv., which is preoccupied in Mammology. 
Aphoromma,{ gen. nov.—Ocelli wanting ; antennze four-jointed ; 
postantennal organ present ; ocellate punctures, anal spines, and lower 
claw of tarsi wanting ; mouth parts produced cone-like beneath the head. 
Type, Anoura granaria, Nic. 
e 
PODURID&. 
Body cylindrical, naked, usually small ; antennze four or five-jointed ; 
eyes present, with ten to thirty ocelli ; postantennal organs usually want- 
ing ; tarsi with one or two claws ; furcula present, attached to the fourth 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 25) 
The genera belonging to this family, as restricted above, can be 
separated as follows :— 
A. Mouth parts not produced cone-like in front of the head. 
B. Antenne four-jointed. 
C. Tarsi with two claws. 
D. Abdomen without anal spines.............20<+ ..» Achorutes. 
DD. Abdomen with anal spines. 
E. Abdomen with two anal spines...............Schoturus. 
EE. Abdomen with four anal spines... Zetracanthella. 
CC. Tarsi with a single claw. 
D. Ocelli twenty-eight or thirty, fourteen or fifteen on each side of 
the: heads: anal spies, Wanting: «<tee<sececn.crcees Podurhippus. 
DD. Ocelli less than twenty-eight. 
E. Anal spines wanting. 
F. Furcula long, reaching beyond the apex of the abdo- 
WET GALCH ALC a a eee ewe oe SS s we ales Caen Podura. 
FF. Furcula short, never extending beyond the apex of the 
abdomen, not arcuate. 
G. Legs long, distinctly visible from 
ADO Gitemese= taenpaclentcectenls cane & SOMMECHOR ULES. 
GG. Legs extremely short, not visible from 
aDOMem tar. sect edonan se toes waltemaieat es Brachystus. 
EE. Anal spines present. 
BR. Wath twosanal’spines: 235.225. a0ss do same cM CHEV LEE. 
FF. With more than two anal spines. 
G. With three anal spines../...... S idcigo ceed L #ROMGe 
GG.)> With four analispines! ys22 3262.4 Oudemansia. 
Bb." “Antennze -five-jointed’.|..1.:-barmetecetses scenes. bevas tae Lubbockia, 
AA. Mouth parts produced cone-like in front of the head. Guathocephalus. 
Achorutes, Temp.—Ocelli sixteen, eight on each side of the head ; 
postantennal organ wanting; antenne short, four-jointed; body cylin- 
drical, segments sub-equal ; tarsi with two claws ; anal spines wanting. 
Type, Achorutes dubius, Temp. 
Achorutes longispinus, sp. nov.—Body cylindrical, purplish-black, 
hairy ; head large, rounded in front, truncate behind, prolonged between 
the antenne, acutely triangular; eyes on a small black patch almost 
directly behind the antennz in the middle of each lateral half of the head ; 
antenne about as long as the head, basal joint globular, minute, incon- 

316 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
spicuous, set in an excavation beneath the frontal projection, second and 
third joints subequal, globular, fourth joint elongate, as long or longer 
than the three basal joints, cylindrical, pointed, the inner side at apex 
appearing truncated ; legs stout ; claws large, inner claw more than half 
the length of outer, outer with a denticle at base; furcula elongate, 
reaching the hind pair of legs; manubrium large, reaching beyond the 
apex of the abdomen, sides straight, sub-parallel ; dentes elongate, as 
long as the manubrium, broadest at middle, underside with two or three 
rows of stiff spines ; mucrones short, not longer than broad, with an 
apical and a preapical tooth. Length, 1-1.25 mm. 
Habitat: Alameda, near Las Cruces, New Mexico. 
Received from Mr. Theo, D. A. Cockerell, who had received them 
from Mr. E. VanPatten, ‘‘who found them in immense numbers at 
Alameda.” 
Schoturus,|| gen. nov.—Ocelli sixteen, eight on eaeh side of the head ; 
postantennal organ wanting ; antenne short, four jointed ; body cylin- 
drical, segments sub-equal ; tarsi with two claws; anal spines present, 
two. Type, Fodura nivicola, Fitch. 
This genus is proposed for those species at present placed in the 
genus Achorutes and which have anal spines. ’ 
Tetracanthella, Schott.—Ocelli sixteen, eight on each side of the 
head; postantennal organ present ; antenne four-jointed ; tarsi with two 
claws ; anal spines present, four, arranged in two rows; furcula short. 
Type, Zetracanthella pilosa, Schott. 
Entom., Tidsk., XII., 1891, 191 ; fig. 
Podurhippus, Megnin.—Ocelli twenty-eight or thirty, fourteen or 
fifteen on each side of the head ; antennz four-jointed ; tarsi with a single 
claw ; furcula short, slender; ventral tube tuberculate, bilobed. Type, 
Podurhippus pityriasious, Megnin. 
Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr, (5), VIIL, 1878, p. cxxxy. ; Les Parasites, 1380, 
Pe rod sige A2. 
Podura Linn.—Ocelli sixteen, eight on each side of the head ; post- 
antennal organ wanting ; antenne four-jointed ; tarsi with a single claw ; 
furcula long, slender, arcuate; anal spines wanting. Type, Podura 
aguatica, Linn. 
Podura granulata, sp. nov.— Body, legs and antennz bluish-black ; 
a + 
£ \|7xo70s, obscurus ; ovpa, cauda. 
& 2 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Balti 
antennz long and slender, longer than the head; head with a quad- 
rangular tubercle between the eyes ; thorax slender, much narrower than 
the head ; legs short and stout ; claws long and slender, as long as the 
tibia and tarsus together ; tenant hair present ; furcula long and slender, 
reaching the first pair of legs, densely covered with closely placed, blunt, 
spiny tubercles, the tubercles arranged in transverse rows around the 
spring, giving the spring a striated appearance with a low objective ; 
manubrium short and stout, apex produced between the dentes broadly 
triangular ; dentes long, slender, a few scattered hairs, and indications of a 
transverse suture at middle; mucrones short, pointed, with a triangular 
tooth at base. Length, 1.25 mm. 
Habitat : Tennessee. 
Collected in great numbers by Prof. H. E. Summers from the surface 
of thin, slimy mud. 
Pseudachorutes, Tullb.—Ocelli sixteen, eight on each side of the 
head ; postantennal organ wanting ; antenne conical, four-jointed ; tarsi 
with a single claw ; furcula short, reaching the apex of the abdomen ; 
anal spines wanting. Type, Pseudachorutes subcrassus, Tuilb. 
Brachysius,§ nov. gen.—Ocelli sixteen, eight on each side of the 
head ; postantennal organ wanting ; antennz short, not longer than the 
head is broad, four-jointed ; tarsi with a single claw ; furcula short, not 
reaching the apex of the abdomen nor the ventral tube; anal spines 
wanting ; legs short and stout, not reaching the side of the body. Type, 
Brachysius dilatatus, sp. nov. 
Brachysius dilatatus, sp. nov.—Bluish mottled with gray; antenne 
short, not much longer than the head, first joint very small, second and 
third subequal, fourth almost as long as second and third together ; body 
long and slender, broader towards the caudal end ; legs short and slender, 
not extending beyond the side of the body; furcula short and slender ; 
anal papillae small, not divided, covered with stiff bristles. Length, 2 mm. 
Habitat : Ithaca, N. Y. 
This species has the habitus of those of the genus Veanura, but can 
be readily distinguished by the number of ocelli and by the presence of 
the furcula. 
Xenylla, Tullb.—Ocelli ten, five on each side of the head ; postanten- 
nai organ wanting ; antennez four-jointed ; body cylindrical ; tarsi with a 
single claw; anal spines present, two. Type, Xeny//a maritima, Tullb. 
§Bpaxvs, brevis ; toads, jaculum, 

Ww 
— 
CO 
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
Triena, Tullb.—Ocelli sixteen, eight on each side of the head ; 
postantennal organ wanting ; antennee four-jointed, conical; tarsi with a 
single claw; furcula extremely small, papilliform; anal spines present, 
three. Type, Zrvena mirabilis, Tullb. 
Oudemansia, Schott.—Ocelli sixteen, eight on each side of the head ; 
postantennal organ wanting ; antenne short, four-jointed ; body cylindri- 
cal, segments subequal ; tarsi with two claws; anal spines present, four, 
arranged in a circle around the apex of the abdomen; furcula not attain- 
ing the ventral tube. Type, Oudemansia cerulea, Schott. 
Entom. Tids., XIV., 1893, 174; pl., II., 1-7. 
Lubbockia, Haller.—Antenne five-jointed, longer than the body ; all 
the tarsi with tenant hairs, small on the front and middle pairs ; anal 
spines present, two ; furcula small; body cylindrical, segments subequal. 
Type, Lubbockia cerulea, Haller. 
Mittheil. Schweiz. Entom. Ges., VI., 1880, 4. 
Gnathocephalus,* gen. nov.—Ocelli sixteen, eight on each side of the 
head ; postantennal organ wanting ; antennee short, conical, four-jointed ; 
body cylindrical; tarsi with a single claw ; anal spines wanting : furcula 
short, not attaining the ventral tube ; mouth-parts folded together in the 
form of a tube and projecting in front of the head. Gzathocephalus com- 
plexus, Sp. NOV. . 
Gnathocephalus complexus, sp. 20v.—Body robust, broadest behind, 
bluish-black, a row of paler spots down each side, and a few scattered 
hairs on the caudal end; head small, triangular, strongly produced 
between the antenne, broadly truncate in front; eye spot small, on a 
raised tubercle ; antennz slightly longer than the head, basal segment a 
little longer than broad, broadest at middle, second segment as broad as 
the first and slightly shorter ; third and fourth segments sub-equal, longer 
than the first and second, and much narrower, the suture between them 
not distinctly indicated ; legs long and slender, with lighter markings and 
scattered regularly placed bristles; tenant hairs wanting; claws stout ; 
furcula short, stout ; manubrium half as broad as the abdomen, nearly as 
broad as long, slightly incised between the dentes; dentes two-thirds the 
iength of the manubrium, cylindrical, narrowed at apex; mucrones one- 
half the length of the dentes, slightly arcuate, without teeth. Length, 
3-4 mm. 
Habitat: Olympia, Washington. (Trevor Kincaid, collector.) 
*Tvados, maxilla; KefauAdds, caput. 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 319 
ON THE EUDRIINA. 
BY A. R. GROTE, A. M., BREMEN, GERMANY. 
In an original memcir on the Zygaenide, published by the Essex 
Institute, Dr. Packard explained the relation of Castnéa and allied genera 
to the European genus Zygaena, and contended for the solidarity of the 
group as the equivalent of the large family of Bombycide in the Latreil- 
lean sense. The view, advocated by Agassiz, that form was a family 
criterion, not only form in general, but form of parts underlying 
form in general, obtained. Of a truth Dr. Packard’s “ family,” 
Zygaenide, contained genera more or less evidently related in one or 
other of their stages, and the agreement which Dr. Packard found in the 
form of the clypeus authorized their being brought together in a family 
group. ‘This view has been followed by me in my papers and lists, and 
any adverse criticism of my particular course with regard to these insects 
is consequently ill-founded ; while the inherent want of precision which 
our classifications must present allows of a shifting opinion, within limits, 
as this or that character appears in turn to be the decisive one, and 
renders such criticism unnecessary. The tendency of classificators 
latterly has turned in the direction of a breaking up of these ‘“ families” 
into smaller groups still called ‘‘ families,” but based rather upon ultimate 
peculiarity than “‘form.” Under the vague term ‘ Bombyces,” the 
various new families of the Spinner moths are still kept together, in 
recognition of a less tangible relationship which nevertheless is still held 
to exist; while the view, that the present representation of these families 
is the modified survival of the roots of the lepidopterous tree, is being 
seriously considered by students of phylogeny. Classificators of the 
lepidoptera who seize only upon ultimate peculiarities of a common and 
essential part of the perfect insect, will, in the nature of things, eventually 
come to grief. Such modifications we may use to separate species, and, 
when so evident as to be of practical service, in the more artificial region 
of generic division ; but, as we ascend higher, they diminish in import- 
ance and are superseded by characters of development, persistent or 
evanescent, offered in different stages of growth of the species. By these 
characters indications as to the truer affinities of the insect are given. 
The time is perhaps going by when lepidoptera are to be solely classified 
by final peculiarities of the legs, wings or tails of the perfect insect. 
Still, there will always be those whose observations in these directions 
wil] seem to themselves of prime importance, while, in the end, the value 

520 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
of their observations will be differently expressed in our classifications. 
The family “ Zygaenide” has shared the fate of disintegration with the 
family ‘‘ Bombycide.” Dr. Packard now recognizes three family groups : 
Agaristide, Castniide and Zygaenide. The sub-family Ludriine, as I 
would consider it, the subject of the present notice, belongs, with the 
sub-family AZypiine, to the Agaristide. ‘The present sub-family seems to 
be exclusively American ; at least I have met in literature with but one 
extra limital form, the African genus Ovzos, which may possibly belong 
here. The general form of the perfect insect recalls that of the /Voctuzde, 
so that Hubner considers it one, while Boisduval proposes the genus 
Eudryas for the typical generic group and apparently recognizes its struc- 
tural affinities to Castnia. The larva, as we now know, is closely allied 
to that of A/ypia. The genera of the Eudriine may be briefly distin- 
guished as follows :— 
1. Structure of the male wings normal, Zs 
Structure of the male wings abnormal. uscirrhopterus, Grt. 
2. Male antennz simple, 3. 
Male antennie pectinate. Crys, Grt: 
3. Front smooth. Ludryas, Boisd. 
Front horned. Copidryas, Grt. ; 
With regard to the geographical distribution Zwdryas occurs in North 
America (east and west coast), and in South America (Paraguay), 
Copidryas in North America (New Mexico, Texas) and in South America.* 
(? Buenos Ayres). Luscirrhopterus is Cuban and Cris is from Texas. 
With regard to the species, it is not entirely impossible that Walker’s type 
of Eudryas Ste. Johannis represents a Florida species else unknown. It: 
is pronounced by Prof. Smith to be an aberration of 2. grata, and its 
divergence from the type to have been probably produced by the “ vicis- 
situdes of the voyage.” ‘The former statement may not improbably be 
the true solution of the matter, since so prominent an insect should have 
been turned up by collectors in Florida ere this, one might think. But the 
cause assigned for such an aberration I am unable to follow, or even to 
understand. What is meant by “ vicissitudes of the voyage?” The 
pupa (?) could not have suffered shipwreck or been washed ashore ! 
What records are there in literature of extraordinary variations being pro- 
duced through ordinary transportation by sea? The chances against the 
See Papilio 3,106. Berg’s Platevszs, as I understand his remark as to the front, 
probably belongs to Cofzdryas, 

| 
| 
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. o2k 
unprotected survival during the voyage, that this pupa should produce an 
unique variety, the capture of the perfect moth on a Church step in Eng- 
land, its delivery at the British Museum, taken altogther seem enormous. 
The fact that the hind-wings are unbanded is paralleled in the case of a 
new species from South America, which I describe here. According to 
Mr. Tutt’s kind communication: There is a place in Southwark, one of 
the London districts close by London Bridge, called ‘‘Horselydown,” and 
there is a church there called St. John’s. As this is very near the river 
an imported insect might be found there if we suppose it to escape from the 
shipping on the Thames. But there is also a place called “ Horsley” in 
Surrey, and there are some well-known ‘* Downs” there which have been 
entomologically worked over from a long period. But there is no St. 
John’s Church there, and under the theory that Walker named the insect 
from the Church in England, and not, as I had imagined possible, from the 
St. John’s River, Florida, where Doubleday collected, the Surrey locality 
must be abandoned. We are, therefore, driven to the conclusion that if 
the label is genuine, the specimen was really captured at “ Horselydown,” 
and that “Horsley Downs” is a mistake for the former on the label. Ifa 
normal specimen of Zudryas grata had been stated to have been caught 
in England, while still extraordinary, there would have been nothing so 
very improbable in the fact, since, according to Wood and other English 
authors, Drasteria, Eustrotia and other American moths have been so 
taken (?); I myself took a specimen of a South American species of 
Noctuidz on the Battery in New York. But that this particular specimen 
should belong also to a very remarkable variety, never observed in America, 
increases the chances against the story (which may nevertheless be 
a true one) enormously. udryas, we may concede, might stand the 
voyage as a pupa and also escape as a moth in London, but how a Sve. 
Johannis could have been turned out of a grata caterpillar or pupa owing 
to the “vicissitudes of the voyage” I do not comprehend. The type 
which I saw in 1868 differed not only from grata in its unbanded 
secondaries, but also by its differently coloured and perhaps marked 
primaries. While I recognized it as allied to grata, I could not help sup- 
posing it a distinct species, since I had never known grata to vary in 
that manner. In fact, that it might be a variety did not, I think, occur to 
me. I did not visit the Museum for the express purpose of studying Sve. 
Johannis. 1 took it in rapidly and saw that it was an Ludryas and 
differed from both our common species, gvata and uzo, and simply re- 

LS 
bo 
bo 
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
corded the fact that it impressed me as a distinct and even larger species. 
It may be that we are already in possession of the final solution of this 
little entomological mystery, and that Ste. Johannis is really an extraordi- 
nary variation of grata, captured on the Church door of St. John’s, in 
Horselydown, London, England. But it will nevertheless remain an 
interesting subject until we find specimens in America of the aberration, 
which ought to occur there also, or until we send grata pupa across the 
Atlantic and observe the effects of the ‘ vicissitudes of the voyage.” If 
any of these latter evolve as Ste. Johannis, the mystery would be solved, 
and an important phase in the general subject of variation opened up. 
But I cannot think it. The aberration, if one, must have a cause inde- 
pendent of the mere voyage. Moisture, temperature, might possibly 
darken the primaries, but how are we to account for the secondaries, 
which so far from being “suffused,” have no band at all, the usual ground 
colour obtaining over the whole surface ? Here is a specimen which on 
the fore-wings is to show the effects of melanism, and on the hind-wings 
of albinism. The type of Ste. Johannis is, under the circumstances, one 
of the most extraordinary specimens, | think, in the British Museum col- 
lection, whatever view we take of the matter, and the question before the 
American collector now is the range of variability in 2. grata, and whether 
this shows any steps in the direction of a darkening of the fore-wings and’ 
obliteration of the marginal band on secondaries. Thus, quite inde- 
pendent of mere controversy as to the origin of the type, the subject is 
eminently one for scientific.enquiry and experiment. 
Eudryas Cypris, n. s. 
The hind-wings with the fringes are pale vermillion-red above and 
below, immaculate, without band or markings. Fore-wings beneath of 
the same red, immaculate. Above the fore-wings have the main central 
portion creamy, not pure white as in allies, shading inferiorly to ochrey - 
olivaceous, and there is an olivaceous shade patch over the median ner- 
vules edged outwardly narrowly with whitish and deepening in colour in- 
feriorly. A brownish terminal band, best marked superiorly on costa, 
and showing a lilac reflection. From opposite the cell to anal angle this 
band is indented by the pale red terminal edge of the wing. The some- 
what olivaceous iringes show a darker median line. The costal edge 
towards apices is faintly red. The costal and internal shading recalls 
grata, but there is less trace of the reniform than in the N. American 
form ; in cypris the traces of the reniform (perhaps variable) are fragment- 

pS) 
bo 
[SS) 
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
ary, asin wazo. Abdomen red on the sides; venter pale. Antenne 
simple. Front not tuberculate. One female from Assumption (So. 
America, coll. Consul Mangels) in Mus. Bremen. 
This species is perhaps a little smaller than grafa, very different from 
both N. American species by the darker creamy shade, not white, of the 
median field of primaries, by the red tolour of hind-wings and under- 
surface, by the red abdomen and unbanded secondaries. It is, in shape 
of primaries and in their style of ornamentation, nearer grata than uzo. 
The discovery of a South American representative of grata, with un- 
banded secondaries, is interesting. The latter character is only found in 
E. Stae. Johannis, where the yellow hind-wings are without band. 
Although on this account alone the specific value of the latter may not 
be adequately defended, yet the probabilities in favour of this view may be 
considered to become somewhat heightened in view of the discovery of 
the South American species. The terminal bands of the hind-wings in 
grata and unio are decidedly characteristic, and one is unprepared for 
their absence in Stae. Johannis, unwilling to consider so marked a modif- 
cation merely varietal. 
The following is a list of the Eudrizine :—** 
ELudryas, Boisd. Copidryas, Grt. 
r. unio, AW7bn. 5. Gloveri, G. & &. 
var. brevipennis, Stretch. 6. platensis, erg. 
2. grata, Fadbr. 
assimilis, Boisd. 
ab? Stree. Johannis, Wa/k. Euscirrhopterus, Grt. 
3. Cypris, Grt. 7. Poeyi, Gre. 
Ciris, Gre: disparilis, H.-S. ; 
4. Wilsoni, G77. 
The North American Agarvistide apparently fall into two sub-families, 
the Eudriine, above catalogued, and the A4/ypiine, containing AZyPpia, 
Androloma, Pseudalypia, Edwardsia, and Psychomorpha. The Castnii- 
d@@ are apparently not represented in the North American fauna. ‘The 
Zygenide are now restricted by Dr. Packard so as to include Horama, 
Burtia and allies, with Ctenucha and Scepsis in one sub-family group, 
while Procris, Harrisina and their allies fall into the typical sub-family, 
being more intimately related with the Kuropean Zygena,a genus not 
represented with us. From this it will appear that a belief in the stability 
of the rearrangement of the Zygenide in the Philadelphia List will 
probably prove illusory. The genus Qe?¢a, Grt., should be removed to 
the Zineide, as indicated by Zeller. 
ES eR ICO NE IES NIG EE ON ee Se 
**For a list of our species consultalso Papilio I., 177. I have never seen a Californian 
specimen, and am quite doubtful as to drevdfennds being a variety of «zo. Stretch’s 
figure and description were made from an imperfect example. The Cuban &, Poey? was 
subsequently described by Herrick-Schaeffer as Heterandra disparilis ; on comparison 
of the dates of issue of the two publications, which appeared nearly at the same time, 
the Philadelphia paper has priority. 

324 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
LIST OF COLEOPTERA TAKEN AT SPARROW LAKE, ONT. 7 
BY JOHN HAMILTON, M. D., ALLEGHENY, PA. 
[In our last number, pages 272-5, the lists of Coleoptera were unfortu- 
nately disarranged in making up the forms. We accordingly reprint them 
in their proper order.—-Ep. C. E.] 
Cicindela repanda, De/. | Platynus melanarius, Dey. 
var. 12-guttata, Dez. corvus, Lee. | 
Cychrus Lecontei, De. placidus, Say. 
Carabus sylvosus, Say. Bogemanni. Gy//. 
Calosoma scrutator, /@é. ruficornis, Lec. 
Wilcoxi, Lee. Galerita janus, Fad. 
calidum, Fad. Lebia viridis, Say. 
Elaphrus ruscarius, Say. Metabletus americanus, De/. 
Loricera cerulescens, Zinn. Cymindis pilosa, Say. 
Nebria pallipes, Say. Brachynus cyanipennis, Say. 
Scarites subterraneus, /wdé. Chlenius sericeus, /ors?. 
Dyschirius nigripes, Zee. vennsylvanicus, Say. 
Bembidium patruele, De/. Anomoglossus emarginatus, Say. 
versicolor, Lec. Brachylobus lithophilus, Say. 
Sp. undetermined. . Agonoderus pallipes, /aé. 
Tachys nanus, Gy//. Harpalus erraticus, Say. 
flavicauda, Say. viridizneus, Beauv. 
Patrobus longicornis, Say. | Sp. undetermined. 
Pterostichus honestus, Say. pennsylvanicus, De G. 
coracinus, Vews. fallax er 
stygicus, Say. pleuriticus, Avrby. 
lucublandus, Say. viduus, Lec. 
caudicalis, Say. Stenolophus plebeius, De/. 
luctuosus, De. conjunctus, Say. 
corvinus, De/. Anisodactylus Harrisi, Zec. 
erythropus, De7. interstitialis, Say. 
Amara exarata, De.  Llybius biguttatus, Germ. 
pallipes, Avrdy. Hydaticus stagnalis, Fad. 
rubrica, Hadd. Dytiscus fasciventris, Say. 
Calathus gregarius, Say. Gyrinus canadensis, Reg. ? 
Platynus sinuatus, De/. analis, Say. 
extensicollis, Say. _ Berosus striatus, Say. 
atratus, Lec, | Philydrus perplexus, Lec, 

THE CANADIAN 
ENTOMOLOGIST. 325 
Hydrobius fuscipes, Zin. 
Creniphilus sub-cupreus, Say. 
Cercyon pygmeum, ///. 
Necrophorus vespilloides, /7és7. 
Silpha Americana, Linz. 
Liodes discolor, AZe/s. 
Homalota trimaculata, 7”. 
Bolitochara picta, Hauv. 
Aleochara bimaculata, Grav. 
graciliformis, /auv. 
Gyropheena vinula, +. 
Quedius fulgidus, Awd. 
leevigatus, Gyd/. 
Listotrophus cingulatus, Grav. 
Creophilus maxillosus, Zz772. 
- Staphylinus violaceus, Grav. 
Philonthus pclitus, Zzz7. 
longicornis, Step/. 
micans, Grav. 
cyanipennis, Fad. 
sordidus, Grav. 
Sp. undetermined. 
Xantholinus obsidianus, J7Ze/s. 
emmesus, Grav. 
obscurus, £7. 
N.S. (found here). 
Baptolinus longiceps, Hauv. 
Stenus—3 sp. 
Lathrobium punctulatum, Zec. 
bicolor, Lec. 
Stilicus, sp. 
Pederus littorarius, Grav. 
Sunius longiusculus, JZanzn. 
Tachinus repandus, Yorn. 
fimbriatus, Grav. 
Erchomus ventriculus, Say. 
Conosoma pubescens, Pays. 
Boletobius cincticollis, Say. 
| 
| 
Olisthzerus substriatus, Gy//. 
Oxyporus femoralis, Grav. 
rufipennis, Lec. 
| Oxytelus sculptus, Grav. 
pennsylvanicus, £7. 
insignitus, Grav. 
Trogophlceus 4-punctatus, Say. 
| Scaphisoma convexum, Say. 
| Hippodamia 13-punctata, Lenz. 
Coccinella trifasciata, Zzzn. 
Chilocorus bivulnerus, 4/z/s. 
Psyllobora 20-maculata, Say. 
Hyperaspis signata, O/7v. 
Scymnus lacustris, Zec. 
Endomychus biguttatus, Say. 
Tritoma thoracica, Say. 
Silvanus bidentatus, Fad. 
Lzmophleus fasciatus, J7ed/s. 
Hister depurator, Say. 
sedecimstriatus, Say. 
carolinus, Pay. 
Lecontei, Jars. 
Epurea Erichsonii, /e/¢. 
Sp. 
| Ips fasciatus, Odzv. 
Stephostethus liratus, Lec. 
| Corticaria pusilla, JZann. 
pumila, Lec. 
Tenebrioides corticalis, JZé/s. 
Cyphon obscurus, Guer. 
Deltometopus amcenicornis, Say. 
Dromaeolus Harringtoni, //orn. 
Alaus myops, /adé. 
Agriotes fucosus, Lec. 
Sp. 
Melanotus castanipes, Pays. 
fissilis, Say. 
Corymbites medianus. Germ. 

326 THE CANADIAN 
Cormybites propola, Lec. 
Dicerca tuberculata, Chez. 
Sp. 
Buprestis rusticorum, Avrby. 
fasciata, Jab. 
Agrilus ruficollis, ad. 
Calopteron terminale, Say. 
Calochromus perfaceta, Say. 
Ellychnia corusca, L277. 
Telephorus lineola, Fad. 
undetermined. 
scitulus, Say. 
Collops tricolor, Say. 
Trichodes Nuttalli, Av7dy. 
Hydnocera pallipennis, Say. 
longicollis, Zeg. 
Cis fuscipes, JZeZ/re. 
Canthon levis, Drury. 
Onthophagus Hecate, Pans. 
Dialytes striatulus, Say. 
Ulkei, Horn. 
Aphodius fossor, Lez. 
fimetarius, Z777. 
.  ruricola, AZe/s. 
leopardus, /forvn. 
lentus, Zor. 
Geotrupes splendidus, /wé. 
Anomala lucicola, /@é. 
Ligyrus relictus, Say. 
Euphoria fulgida, /a@é. 
Osmoderma scabra, Beauv. 
Trichius affinis, Gory. 
Valgus canaliculatus, /a@dé. 
Hylotrupes bajulus, Zznz. 
ligneus, Fad. 
Calloides nobilis, Say. 
Arhopalus fulminans, /aé. 
Xylotrechus sagittatus, Germ. 
Clytanthus ruricola, O/7z, 
| 
ENTOMOLOGIST, 
Euderces picipes, Fad. 
Desmocerus palliatus, /ors?. 
Centrodera decolorata, //arr. 
Gaurotes cyanipennis, Say. 
Typocerus sparsus, Lee. 
velutinus, O/iv. 
Leptura nitens, Fors?. 
canadensis, O/7v. 
vagans (var. brevis, Azrby ) 
Monohammus confusor, Avrdy. 
Urographis fasciatus, De G. 
Saperda vestita, Szy. 
3-dentata, Oliv. 
Amphionycha flammata, Vez. 
Donacia palmata, O/7v. 
piscatrix, Zac. 
proxima, A7zrdby. 
2 sp. not determined. 
Pachybrachys femoratus, O//v. 
hepaticus, J7e/s. 
Monachus saponatus, /ad. 
Diachus auratus, /wé. 
Adoxus obscurus (var. vitis, Fad.) 
Xanthonia 10-notata, Say. 
Typophorus canellus (var. aterri- 
mus. ) 
Chrysochus auratus, /ad. 
Rhabdopterus picipes, O/v. 
Doryphora to lineata, Say. 
Chrysomela bigsbyana, Av7dy. 
Galerucella nympheex, Zznzn. 
Diabrotica 12-punctata, Fad. 
oe vittata, Fad. 
Phyllobrotica decorata, Say. 
Cerotoma 3-furcata, Forst. 
Dysonycha pennsylvanica, ///ig. 
Haltica ignita, ///zg. 
Crepidodera helxines, Zznn, 
. 

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLCGIST. a2 
Epitrix cucumeris, Harris. me Anaspis rufa, Say. 
Systena hudsonias, /or's¢. | Mordella meleena, Germ. 
marginalis, ///zg. | marginata, JZe/s. 
Nyctobates pennsylvanica, De G. | | Xylophilus tuberculifer, (2x/ra.) 
Xylopinus saperdioides, O/v. | Epicauta pennsylvanica, De G. 
Tenebrio molitor, Zin. Attelabus bipustulatus, 4ad. 
Blapstinus interruptus, Say. | Ithycerus noveboracensis, /orst. 
Uloma impressa, JZe/s. | Lissorhoptrus simplex, Say. 
Diaperis hydni, ad. Magdalis armicollis, Say. 
Boletotherus bifurcus, /a@é. Orchestes niger, orn. 
Cistela sericea, Say. Gymnetron tetrum, Fad. 
Penthe pimelia, /ad. Balaninus uniformis, Zec. 
Eustrophus confinis, Lec. Eupsalis minuta, Drury. 
Canifa pallipes, JZe/s. Dryoceetes, n. sp. 
Stenotrachelus arctatus, Say. 
CORRESPONDENCE. 
NOTES ON HEPIALUS. 
In Can. Enrt., Vol. XXV., p. 124, Mr. Neumoegen and myself referred 
Hlepialus quadriguttatus as a synonym of AZ argenteomaculatus, and 
described the salmon-colored form as a new variety. To this Mr. Grote 
objected (Can. Ent., XXV., 186) and also Dr. Strecker, Proc. Acad. 
Sci. Phila., p. 282). In view of these opinions, it seems probable that we 
were wrong, and I correct the synonymy below. In the same paper, Dr. 
Strecker describes as new Hepialus fos. I cannot see in his description 
anything but a form of argenteomacudatus, wanting one of the basal silver 
spots and possessing some additional spots subapically, such as we often 
see in guadriguttatus. J have had in my collection for some years a 
specimen more extreme than this seems to be, for it has none of the silver 
spots, being otherwise normally marked. I would propose for it the 
name ferdita. 
Our species of Hepialus of large size, with the apices of primaries 
rectangular, may be arranged as follows, and the generic term Stenopis, 
Pack, may be retained for them :— 
S. ARGENTEOMACULATUS, Harris. 
argentatus, Packard. 
alni, Kellicott. 
var. purpurascens, Packard. 

328 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
var. los, Strecker. 
var. perdita, Dyar. 
var. quadriguttatus, Grote. 
semiauratus, Neumoegen and Dyar. 
S. THULE, Strecker. 
S. AURATUS, Grote. 
Dr. Strecker objects to the reference of guadriguttatus as a variery of 
argenteomacidatus, and would consider it a distinct species; but I am 
unable to find a good specific character. I should hesitate to rely on 
the colour alone in this genus, and have preferred to follow Prof. Smith’s 
cc ist.” Harrison G. Dyar. 
ALEXICLES ASPERSA, Grote. 
As pointed out by Prof. Smith, the original description of Alexicles is 
entirely inadequate. In fact, no characters are given which will deter- 
mine its family position, the author going as far as to partially retract his 
own opinion as to its location. I have before me the type, very kindly 
forwarded to me for examination by Mr. W. A. Snow. It is a true Arc- 
tian apparently most nearly allied to Leptarctia. Head moderately 
prominent, tongue imperceptible ; median spurs of hind tibia wanting ; 
anterior tibia armed at tip with a stout, slightly curved spine or claw. 
@ frenulum a long spine, hooked into a loop on subcostal vein of prim- 
aries. Venation arctiiform ; one internal vein on primaries, two on 
secondaries ; median veins four-branched, normal; cells closed ; vein 
8 of secondaries from the subcostal more than one-third the length of 
cell from base. On primaries no accessory cell; veins 7-10 stalked; 8 
and 9g forming a short furcation near apex of wing ; 7 nearer the furcation 
and to rather near the cell, leaving a long stalk between their origins ; 
vein 11 from the subcostal near end of cell; vein 12 from the base half 
way between the subcostal vein and costa, 
Fore-wings narrow, costa straight, apex rounded ; hind-wings oval. 
It is scarcely necessary to add anything to Mr. Grote’s description of 
the species. Though short, it is excellent, as are nearly all of Mr. Grote’s 
specific descriptions. Mr. Grote gives the expanse as 32 mm.; but in 
the type, mounted as usual, the wings reach 36 mm. 
Harrison G. Dyar, 
DR. HAGEN. 
We deeply regret the loss of our old friend, Dr. Hermann August 
Hagen, Professor of Entomology in Harvard University, who died, after 
a long illness, at Cambridge, Mass., on the gth of November, in the 
seventy-seventh year of his age. 

INDEX TO VOLUME XXV. 
Aaron, E. M , article by, 258. 
Acalles Curtis, n sp., 308. 
Acalyptrate Muscidee, larval food habits 
of, 10. 
Acorutes longispinus, nN sp., 315. 
Acutalts apicalis, n. sp., 53. 
SM CHU uicaa en. SD, 53 ~ 
Adelura tibiales, n. sp., 79. 
Adoneta spinuloides, 302. 
Adoxus obscurus, 278. 
African butterflies, new species of, 1, 
Agassiz Association, 188. 
Agnomonia anilis, 156. 
pe erasa, 156. 
ne obsoleta, 156. 
quadrifilaris, 156. 
Agrotids taken at trap lanterns $2. 
Aldrich, J. M., article by. 25. 
Aleochara graciliformis, 276. 
Alexicles aspersa, 326. 
ce 
Alfalfa, lepidopterous larvee on, 229. 
Alucita Elliotti7, n. sp , 95. 
ee 
Eupatoriz, n sp., 96. 
Fishit, n. sp., 95. 
Amalopota Fitchi, n. sp., 280 
Ammalo helops, 12. 
“ce 
Anisopogon, synopsis of asilid genus, 20, 
ut ludius, 1. Sp., 20. 
of patruelis, 1. Sp., 21. 
rubtdus, DN. Sp. 21. 
Anoura magna, Nn. sp., 128. 
Anurida maritimia, 314. 
Aphelenchus Olesistus, 269, 
Aphodius leopardus, 277. 
Aphoromma, n. gen., 314. 
Aphorura, n. gen., 313. 
Anhoruridee, table of genera, 313. 
Archilithobius Brunert, n sp., 162. 
ce dorsospinorum, N. Sp., 162. 
Matterrts, n. sp., 161. 
Nebrascensts, n. sp., 161. 
oe 
ee 
ee 
Argynnis amphilocus, 186, 
a Astarte, 186. 
ue Egleis, 259. 
ng Victoria, 186, 
Artaxa ingenita, 121, 
Ashmead, W, H., article by, 67. 
Astatus bicolor, 27, 44. 
“*  pygidialis, 27, 44. 
Aterica fuliginosa, 0, Sp., 2. 
Athysanus extrusus, 1. sp., 283. 
oe tustabilis, n. sp., 284. 
table of species, 285. 
Automeris Io., var. Argus, n. var,, 123. 
ae 
Balaninus confusor, n. sp.. 309. 
Banks, N., articles by, 27, 64, 205, 252. 
Baptolinus ? longiceps, 276. 
Bean. T. E., article by, 145. 
Bembidium postfasctatum. n. sp., 305. 
Bethune, C J. S., articles by, 260, 261, 
205. 
Blacodes, synopsis of asilid genus, 33. 
Se CLACESUSs TM. SP.4134)- 
cristatus 0. Sp. 33. 
trumcus, 0. Sp. 34. 
Blapstinus auripilis, 35. 
Blatchley, W. S., article by, 89. 
Blennocampa atrata, n. sp., 239. 
‘ pofulifoltella, n. sp., 304. 
Blissus leucopterus, 35. 
Lolbonota bispinifera, n. sp., 55. 
Bolitochara picta, 276. 
Bombycids, unidentified, 125, 164, 18S, 
211, 30%. 
Book notices, 27, 86, 235, 295. 
Bourletia, n. gen., 313. 
Brachystus, n. gen., 317, 
ef dilatatus, n. Sp , 317. 
Bracon lixt, n. sp., 67. 
“ rufomarginatus, N. sp., 68. 
Braconids, descriptions of new, 67. 
Butterflies, new African, I. 
Butterflies of Grand Rapids, Mich., 98. 
5 ** Laggan, 145. 
BY ** North America, Edwards 
SO. 
Butterflies, Scudder’s Brief Guide to, 235. 
Butterfly larvee not hitherto described, 93. 
** Notes on a Polymorphic, 286, 
¢ 
? 
Cenophanes anthaxt@, Nn. Sp., 77. 
oy hylotrupidis, n. sp., 78. 
languria, 0. Sp., 77. 
2s pityophthori, n. sp., 78. 
oi table of species, 74. 
Calandra oryzae, 306. 
Caligo Teucer, 311. 
Callidryas Eubule, 296, 
oe 

330 
Can the Diptera be considered the high- 
est insects, 7, 25, 135. 
Carterocephalus mandan, 145, 257. 
rs palzemon, 145, 257. 
Catocaline moths from Georgia, 153 
Certila flexuosa. 303. 
Cheetosticha pretiosa, 256. 
Chalcid parasite, 256, 
Chelanops grossus, n. sp , 65. 
a fatus,n. sp.. 64. 
pallipfes, n. sp., 64. 
Chernetidz, new from the U. States, 64. 
Chionobas subhyalina, 137. 
Chlzenius Pennsylvanicus, 275. 
Chlorotettix necopina, n. sp.. 282. 
Chrysomela exclamationis, description of 
grubs, 168, 
Chrysophanus dione, larva and chrysalis 
Oty22t 
Chthonius spinosus, n. sp., 67. 
Crcadula Slossont, n. sp., 281. 
Cisthene lactei, 301. 
Clerus formicarius, 267. 
Clisiocampa, additions to genus, 4. 
a ambistmilis, nN. Sp., 40. 
Americana, taken at 
lanterns, St. 
Azteca, N. sp., 5- 
fragilis, 112. 
larvee of, 37. 
mus, Ne SP. 4. 
a ** var. discolorata; n. var. 
4. 
pluvialts, n. sp., 42. 
Clover-leaf weevil in Italy, 255. 
Cockerell, T. D. H., articles by, 26, 112, 
ISI, 221, 294. 
Celinius Hopkinsit, n. sp , 77. 
Coleocentrus Canadensis, n. sp., 29. 
vy Pettitiz, n. sp., 30. 
table of species, 30. 
Coleoptera affecting forest trees, 201. 
trap- 
se hints on collecting in winter, 
97. 
e new arrangement of, 9. 
a occurring near Allegheny, 
7 Pa., descriptions of. 305. 
taken at Sparrow Lake, 272, 
a 324, 
Colias Behrii, 158. 
**  Philodice, 104. 
oy ms var. Jetettincta, Nn. var., 
104. 
Conocephalus palustris, n. sp., 89. 
Copimamestra, note on, 184. 
Coquillett, D W., articles by, 20, 33, 80, 
118, 175, 197, 222, 260. 
Coriscium cuculipenellum, 96, 
INDEX TO VOLUME XXV. 
Cornell Insectary, notes from, 81. 
Corrections 25, 56, 260, 296. 
Corymbites elongaticollis, n sp., 307. 
Cotton-wood leaf miner, 304 
Creesus latitarsus, 246. 
Cramébus albilineellus, n. sp., 94. 
- Coloradellus, n. sp., 95. 
Creophilus maxillosus, 276. 
Crocota rosa, female of, 25. 
Crossidius, some interesting colour varie- 
ties in genus, 189. 
Cucullia, revision of genus, 45. 
Cyenia dubia, suggestion as to the iden- 
tity of, 180. 
Cynipids, two 
State, 110. 
new, from Washington 
Daleerides, n. gen., 121. 
Dasychira clandestina, 303. 
Davis, W. T., article by, 108. 
Dialytes Ulkei, 278. 
Diastrophus Kincaidiz, n. sp., 110. 
Dioctria parvulus, n. sp., 80. 
fe rubtdus, n sp., 80. 
Synopsis of asilid genus, 8o. 
Diptera from San Domingo, 170 ; 
Dolerus borealis, n. sp., 238. 
‘¢ sericeus, 238. 
Dryoccetes affaber ? 279. 
Dyar, H.. G., articles by, 27, 28; 37; 93, 
121, 158, 180, 185, 188, 195, 22b, 
244, 256, 301, 327, 328. 
Dyavia, n. gen., 213. 
‘*  stngularis, n. sp., 215. 
Dysonycha Pennsylvanica, 279. 
“se 
Ecthrus Provancheri, 32, 57. 
‘© rufopedibus, n. sp., 31. 
table of species, 31. 
Economic Entomologists, 
meeting of, 263. 
Edwards, W. H., articles by, 137, 253; 
286. 
Efferia, n. gen., 175. 
oe 
fifth annual 
‘© candida, n. sp., 176. 
SS) perniets, DR. SP., 175: 
oe 
rava, Ni. sp., 176. 
Ehrmann, G. A., article by, 257. 
Elwes, W. J., article by, 186. 
Emphytus multicolor, 59. 
Entomological Society of Ontario, an- 
nual meeting of 293. 
Erax, new asilid genus related to, 175. 
Erebus odora, 310. 
Euchophyllum Rileyt, n. sp., 56. 

INDEX TO VOLUME XXV. 331 
Eucoptocnemis fimbriaris, 216. 
« var. sordida, n. var., 217. 
ns the species of, 216. 
Eudriinz, on the, 319. 
Eudryas Cypris. 0, sp., 322. 
ah grata, 320. 
Stee. Johannis, 320. 
unio, 321. 
Eulepidotis, note on, 184. 
Eumelia Danbyi, 25. 
Euphadra imitans, n.sp., 3. 
Lurosta bigelovie, n. sp., 49. 
Eurybunus, n. gen,, 209. 
oe brunneus, N. Sp., 209. 
Euryphene castanea, n. sp., I 
s Suffumigata, N. Sp., 2. 
Exochilum mundum attacking fall web- 
worm, 312. 
Experimental Farms, report of, 295. 
te 
ee 
Felt; KE. P:, article by, 120: 
Feltia jaculifera, 82. 
** ~ subgothica, 82. 
Fenusa varipes, 59, 247. 
Fernald, C. H , article by, 94. 
Field notes from Texas and Louisiana, 
130. 
Field, W. L. W., article by, 88. 
Fitch’s types of N. American Membra- 
cide, 171, 196, 
Fletcher J., articles by, 86, 163, 235. 
Ford, A., article by, 97. 
Forest trees, insects affecting, 201. 
Fox, W. J , articles by, 44, 113. 
French, G, H., article by, 25. 
Fyles, T. W., articles by, 23, 107, 109, 
Gastropacha, a new, 144. 
Gibb, L., articles by, 88, 177. 
Gillette, C. P , article by, 110. 
Globipes, n. gen., 208. 
spinulatus, 0 SEs 
Gluphisia clandestina, 303. 
ih septentrionalis, 303. 
trilineata, 303. 
Guathocephalus, n. gen., 318. 
complexus, nN. sp , 318. 
Goding, F. W., articles by, 53, 171, 196. 
Gor -ytes dentatus, n. sp., 116. 
Grammodes concolor, n sp., 
ee consobrina, 154. 
similis, 155. 
Smithii, 154. 
Grote, A. R., articles by, 45, 56, 
184, 186, 211, 216, 319. 
208. 
ee 
155. 
153, 
Hagen, Dr. H. A., death of, 328. 
Halisidota macularia, 27. 
oe megapyrrha, 27. 
Hamilton, J., articles by, 272, 305, 324. 
Harpiphorus tarsatus, 59. 
Harrington, W. H., articles by, 
Hart; CG; -Avspanticlesby,727,. 
Helcon occidentalis, 78. 
Heliophobus fimbriaris, 216. 
Hemichroa Americana, 244. 
Hemiptychus castanéus, N Sp., 307. 
29, 57: 
Hepialus argenteomaculatus, 124, 186, 
300, 327. 
fe auratus, 260, 327. 
ihe los, 327. 
Se McGlashani, 300. 
a mustelinus, 299. 
Ses | Dera7ta, M, Vartgas2 inc 
ee quadriguttatus, 125, 186, 327. 
es rosetcapul, N. Sp., 125. 
fs thule, occurrence of, at Mon- 
treal, 297. 
So velleda, 299. 
Histoire Naturelle des Araignees : Simon, 
a 
Holland, W. J., articles by, 
Homolophus, n. gen., 208. 
OY arcticus, N. Sp., 208. 
Homoptera, new N. American, 280. 
Honey-bee or house-fly, 7, 25, 135. 
Hoplocampa pallipes, n. sp., 239. 
Howard, L. O., article by, 263. 
Hudson, G H., article by, 24. 
Hybleea puera, 294. 
Hymenoptera, Canadian. 29, 57. 
if new species of fossorial, 
113. 
Hyperchiria Io., var. Avgzs, n. 
Hyphantria cunea, 312. 
Hypoprepia miniata, var. 
var., 124. 
table of species, 124. 
Hypopta Theodor, n. sp., 220. 
I, 310. 
var., 123. 
subornata, 0. 
ce 
Ichthyura apicalis, 303. 
*) itable ‘of species, 122} 
£ vau, 159, 185, 303. 
Tdeoroncus obscurts, 0. Sp., 66. 
Isomiva ruficollés, n. sp., 308. 
Jack, J. G., article by, 183. 
Japyx Americanus, n. Sp., 174, 219. 
‘© Saussurii, 219, 
‘© subterraneus, 173, 219. 
Kenyan, F. C., article by, 161. 
Kirkland, A H., article by. 312, 

INDEX TO 
Labida 
195. 
Lachnosterna taken at trap lanterns, 83. 
Lac-insect, new, from Jamaica 181. 
Larvee, preservation of, for study, 265. 
Larvophagous caterpillars, 88, 
Leaf-miner of cotton-wood, 292. 
opimus, var, d¢gemzna, n. var, 
Lecantum Fletchert, i. sp., 221. 
Lembert, J. B., article by, 259. 
Lepidoptera, additions to list of Can- 
adian, 149. 
Lepidoptera, descriptions of new forms, 
12%. 
gaa: ra, 
Catalogue of, Kirby, 28. 
Lepidopterous larvee, descriptions of, 37, 
ce 
93, 109, 133, 158, 185, 229, 248, 
288, 292, 294. 
Leptobunus, n. gen., 209. 
ee 
Californicus, n. sp., 210. 
Leptura Canadensis, 278. 
‘ vagans, 278. 
Leucania pseudargyria, 100. 
Limacodes ferrigera, 302. 
Limenitis Arthemis, 312. 
ve Ursula, 311. 
Weidemeyeri, 312. 
Liobunum bimaculatum, n. Ss). 210. 
Liparid genus, description of a new, 2 
Lithobtus sexdentatus, n. sp , 152. 
Lithophane oriunda, 186, 
Locustidze, some new, from Indiana, So. 
Loricera cvwrulescens, 275. 
Lubbockia cerulea, 318. 
Luminous worms, 8S. 
lyda Olympia, n sp., 243. 
Lyman, H. H., articles by, 248, 297. 
Lysttermus Scolytictda, n. Sp., 74. 
ee 
S. 
ae ae AL HOM articles bys) 27, 
173, 218, 237, 206, 313. 
Macrophya  albtlabris, on. sp., — 60, 
Californica, 240. 
es MaALNIf~ica, DN. SP. 240. 
se 
Oregona, 240, 
Mallophora Megachile, n. sp., 118. 
ay Synopsis of the asilid genus, 
118, 
Melalopha alethe, n. sp., 122 
Melanchroia cephise, 2 
Meha Danbyi, 25. 
Membracide of N, America, 171, 196. 
oe ** St. Vincent Island, 53. 
Messa atra, n. sp., 238. 
Microlepidoptera, new N. American, 94. 
Mimesa maculipes, 0. Sp.. 117. 
yao 
VOLUME NXXY. 
Moffat, J. A., articles by, 149, 186, 234, 
258. 
MMonophadnus alracornus, Ns SPs 239. 
Dionietened Atne aidai?, 
6% 
n. Sp , 239. 
maculata, 59. 
Myriapoda of Nel sraska, 161, 
Mysine thoracica, n. Sp., 113. 
Neanura, n. gen., 314. 
Nematus castaneus, 237. 
“* lineatus, n. sp., 59 
luteolus, 238. 
ritfoctnctus, 1 Sp., 59. 
thoracicus, N. Sp., 58. 
Nemeophila Scudderi, preparatory stages 
of, 248. 
Neumoegen, B., articles by, 4, 6, 25, 
121, 213; 
Nicocles argentatus n. sp. 119. 
** Synopsis of the asilid genus, 118 
Noctuidae, Catalogue of N, American : 
Smith, 295. 
Nomophila noctuella, 120. 
Notes and Queries, 310. 
Ocneria dispar, 258 
(]¢dematophorus cretidactylus, 96. 
os occidentalis, y6. 
(I’donia exigua, 302. ‘ 
Oligolophus montanits, N. Sp. 252. 
Olptum obscurum, n. sp., 65. 
Orchelimum Brunert, n. sp., 92. 
hg canipestre, N sp., QI. 
Lndianense, 0. Sp., OC. 
Oudemansia cerulea, 318. 
cc 
Pachybarts strigapunctis, 
Pachyprotasis delta, 60. 
ut omega, 60, 
varipicta, 60. 
Packard, A 5., article by, 
am philus cinctlus, N. sp 
oe 
n. sp., 309 
ce 
Siti 
Oz, 
fascipennis, 62. 
ruficeps, nN. sp, 
P apilio Bairdii, 253. 
G resphontes, 260, 311. 
uc 
62. 
‘*  Hollandii, 253. 
‘* Homerus, new localities for, 258. 
‘* Notes on a polymorphic, 253. 
“*  Oregonia, 253. 
“_ -Philenor, 318. 
Sr a larvee becoming larvo- 
phagous, 17. 
oe 
Turnus, black male of, 122. 

NN ii i 
INDEX TO VOLUME XXV. 333 
Parnassius Clodius, 163. 
aig Smintheus, 163. 
Patton, W. H., article by, 9. 
Phalangine of the U States, 205. 
Philonthus politus, 276. 
Phlceotribus liminaris, 111. 
Phurys flavistriaria, 157. 
MEE PERDIEXa,, TiS iq. 
Phyciodes Carlota, 93, 99 
Phyllodesma Dyari, nN sp., 144. 
Phytomyza affinis, 265. 
Phytonomus punctatus, 255, 
Piophila casei, 270. 
Planiceps calcaratus, n sp., 115. 
Platynus parniarginatus, N. Sp , 305. 
Platypteryx arcuata, 24. 
as genicula, 24. 
Podura granulata, n. sp., 316. 
Podurhippus, 316. 
Poduride, table of genera, 315. 
Ponipilus posterus, N. Sp., 115. 
a8 relativus, N. Sp, 114 
Prionia, a new form of, 24. 
SO UZOLS ESP 2Ae 
Prionoxystus robinix, varieiy of, 257. 
ce 
Protolophus, n gen., 206. 
stneularis, 1. Sp , 207. 
tuberculatus, Nn. sp., 200. 
Pseudachorutes subcrassus, 317. 
Pseudanaphora arcanella, 301. 
Pseudopsyche exigua, 301. 
Psilocephala Aldrichiz, n. sp., 227. 
Ss baccata, n. sp., 226. 
Sestina, N. Sp., 225 
iad 
se Johnsoni, n sp., 228. 
oe marceda, ND. Sp., 228. 
cs montivaga, 0. Sp., 226. 
ie morata, N. Sp., 225. 
sf obscura, N, sp, 229. 
os pavida, n sp , 226. 
se Nlossont, nN sp , 227. 
oe 
Synopis of genus, 222. 
Raphia frater, 303. 
Rhysipolis biformis, n. sp., 68. 
Khyssalus pityophthori, n. sp., 69. 
Rivers, J. J., article by, 144. 
Roncus pacificus, n. sp., 66. 
Schizocerus tristis, 
var., 195. 
Schoturus, n. gen., 316. 
Scudder’s Brief Guide to Butterflies, 235. 
Sesiiadze, notes on collecting in England, 
177. 
var. fumipennis, n. 
Sitotroga cerealella, 36. 
Skinner, H., articles by, 22, 257: 
Slosson, Mis., articles by, 152, 260, 
Smith, J. B., article by, 164. 
Smynthur us floridanus, n. Sp., 127. 
Oe Spinatus, Nn. SD., 127. 
Song of Thyreonotus, 108. 
Soronia substriata, n. SP. 306. 
Spathius brachyurus, 0. Sp. 73 
Sotoinis, Nn. SPs, 72s 
“pallidus, n. sp., 74: 
stmillimius, Nn. Sp., 73- 
table of species, 70. 
unifascratus, N. Sp., 72. 
Sphinx caterpillars, rearing, 234. 
Sphongophorus albofasctata, n sp., 54. 
Se vextllifera, . Sp., 53. 
Spilosoma virginica, 180, 
Stenelophus humidus n. sp., 306. 
Sthenopis argenteomaculatus, var. sevz?- 
auratus, N. var., 124. 
Strecker, H.. article by, 163. 
Strongylogaster pacificus, n. Sp., 241. 
primativus, n. sp., 241. 
soriculatus, 61. 
Synchloe adjutrix, 286. 
By crocale, 286. 
lacinia, 286. 
Synergus Garryana, n. sp., 110. 
Systena marginalis. 279. 
ce 
“cc 
Tachardia gemmifera, n. sp., 181. 
Tachinidze, comments on Mr. Van der 
Nulp’s diagnoses of new Mexican 
species, 165. 
Taxonus dubitatus, 184. 
‘* nigrisoma, 183. 
Tenthredinidz. descriptions of larvee, 
244. 
- from Washington, 237. 
bt from Yo Semite, Cal., 
195. 
Tenthredo Barnstonii, 242. 
ot basillaris, 61. 
e grandis. 61. 
€ PIGEEOStAte 242. 
se xanthus, 2 
Tenthredopsis eee n. sp., 61, 
mC Evansii, 61. 
a riuficorna N. Sp, 242. 
eS transversa, N. Sp., 242. 
Tetracanthella pilosa, 316. 
Texas, notes on injurious insects of, 35. 
Thecla grunus, 94. 
Thereva duplicts, n. sp., 199. 
‘  fohnsont, n. sp., 200. 

334 INDEX ‘TO VOLUME XXV. 
Thereva nigra, 222 
‘novella, n sp., 200 
‘¢ ottosa. N Sp., 199 
‘© semttaria, n sp, 198. 
‘© Synopsis of the dipterous genus, 
197 
Theletia extranea, 301. 
Thia extranea, 301. 
Thyreonotus pachymerus, 108. 
Thysanura. North American, 127, 173, 
218, 313 
Tolype, Eeriotion of anew, 6 
‘© tollteca, n sp, 
Townsend, C. H. T, articles by, 7, 10, 
48, 135, 165, 168, 201, 229, 292, 
304. 
Trap-lantern experiment, results of, 81. 
Tremex columba, 64. 
Trina mirabilis, 318. 
Trypetid bred from galls on Bigelovia, 48, 
Lie; 
Tryphon flavifrons, sp. 107. 
Tullbergyia antarctica, 314. 
Unidentified Bombycids, 125 164, 188, 
211, 301. 
Urocerus indecisus, n. Sp, 243. 
‘*  riparius, N. Sp., 244. 
Uroceridz from Washington, 237 
Van Duzee FE. P. article by, 250. _ 
Van Winkle, A. S . articles by 212, 296 
Varina ornata, systematic position of, — 
Chis - 
Webster. F M. articles by 35 ‘11, 255. 
Westwood, the late Professor, 261. 
Which side of the tree does Phlceotribus 
liminaris attack 2? TT. 
Wickham H. F.. articles by, 139 189. 
Williston S. W. articles by. 170. 
Winter collecting of coleoptera, 97. 1. 
Wolcott, Ro H . article by, 98 ; 
ee maritima 317. 
Xilophilus tuberculifer, 0. Sp. 279. 
Niphydria Canadensis, 63. 
rufiventris. 63, 
Xyela minor, 62. Pm 
Zareea Americana, noteson, 23. 
ERRATA. an 
Page 6, 3d line, for P. ¢olteca read 7. : 
tolteca. 
Page 161. 20th line, for ‘‘Archilithabius” 
read ‘Archilithobius.” 
a : 



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