Internet address: http://stats.bls.gov/newsrels.htm Technical information: (202) 606-6378 USDL 98-258 For release: 10:00 A.M. EDT Media contact: 606-5902 Thursday, June 25, 1998 EMPLOYMENT SITUATION OF VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS Veterans of the Vietnam era who actually served in Southeast Asia had higher unemployment rates than veterans of that era who served outside the Vietnam war theater or their nonveteran peers, according to the results of a September 1997 survey issued by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor. The survey also showed that about 12 percent of Vietnam-era veterans had a service-connected disability and about half (49 percent) had participated in special education and training programs. The survey of veterans was conducted for the Bureau of Labor Statistics by the Bureau of the Census as a special supplement to the September 1997 Current Population Survey (CPS). It was co-sponsored by the U.S. Department of Labor’s Veterans Employment and Training Service and the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. For a description of the survey, including a definition of terms used in this release, see the Technical Note. ----------------------------------------------------------------------- | Revisions in Definitions and Population Controls | | | | The estimates pertaining to Vietnam-era veterans in this release | |differ somewhat from estimates from previous supplements. In the | |September 1997 supplement, the definition of Vietnam-era veterans | |was modified to include veterans who served in the war zone before | |the era's former official start (August 5, 1964). This change was | |in accordance with recent legislation that moved back the beginning | |date of the Vietnam era for those who were in Southeast Asia. | |Specifically, in the supplement, veterans who were stationed in | |Vietnam, Cambodia, or Laos between February 28, 1961, and August 4, | |1964 are counted as Vietnam-era veterans. This difference in | |definition adds about 150,000 to the population of Vietnam-era | |veterans. | | | | A recent review of the veterans population controls used in the | |Current Population Survey revealed that, beginning in August 1995, | |there was an understatement in the number of peacetime veterans, | |specifically those who had served in the Armed Forces since 1990, | |and a corresponding overstatement in the number of nonveterans. As | |a result, data from the August 1995 veterans supplement, which were | |issued on August 30, 1996 (USDL 96-353, "Employment Situation of | |Vietnam-era Veterans"), have been revised. Tables showing the | |corrected data for August 1995 are available from BLS by calling | |202-606-6378 or through the Internet (http://stats.bls.gov/cpshome.htm)| |(Data for veterans of the Vietnam era and other war periods were | |not affected by these revisions.) | | | | For August 1995, the corrected controls raised the population of | |all veterans and peacetime veterans by 1,120,000 and lowered the | |population of nonveterans by the same magnitude. This resulted in | |an increase in the number of veterans in the labor force of | |1,026,000, in employment of 974,000, and in unemployment of 53,000. | |Unemployment rates were not significantly affected for either | |veterans or nonveterans. | | | | In addition to the data from the August 1995 supplement, monthly, | |quarterly, and annual average veterans data from the basic survey | |were affected through February 1998. BLS is in the process of | |preparing corrected estimates from the basic survey for the time | |period August 1995 to February 1998. For more information, contact | |the Division of Labor Force Statistics at 202-606-6378. | ----------------------------------------------------------------------- - 2 - Characteristics of Vietnam-era Veterans In September 1997, there were about 8.2 million male veterans of the Vietnam era; most (83 percent) were 45 to 64 years of age at the time of the survey. About 9 percent of all Vietnam-era veterans were black, and 4 percent were Hispanic. (See tables 1 and 2.) (Information on female veterans and male veterans who served either before or after the Vietnam era also was collected in this special supplement; a summary of the results is presented later in this release.) Vietnam-theater Veterans About 3.9 million, or nearly half of all male Vietnam-era veterans, reported that they served in Southeast Asia. The labor force participation rate for Vietnam-theater veterans was 79.8 percent in September 1997. This was lower than the rate for male veterans who served outside the theater (85.9 percent) and about the same as that for their nonveteran peers age 45 to 64 (81.8 percent.) The unemployment rate for male Vietnam-theater veterans (4.0 percent) was higher than the rates for those who served outside the Vietnam theater (2.1 percent) and those aged 45 to 64 who never served in the Armed Forces (2.6 percent). (See table 2.) Disabled Veterans of the Vietnam era In September 1997, about 12 percent of male Vietnam-era veterans (about 972,000) reported having a service-connected disability; almost 7 in 10 of them served in the Vietnam theater. Veterans with a service-connected disability are assigned a disability rating of between 0 and 100 percent, depending on the severity of the condition. About half of all male disabled Vietnam-era veterans reported a disability rating of less than 30 percent. About 22 percent had a rating of 60 percent or higher. Sixty-two percent of disabled male Vietnam-era veterans were in the labor force in September 1997. This was much lower than the rate for nondisabled veterans (86.8 percent). In addition, nondisabled veterans had a lower unemployment rate than their disabled counterparts, 2.7 versus 4.9 percent. Of the veterans reporting a disability rating of 60 percent or more, only about 3 in 10 were in the labor force. (See table 4.) A higher proportion of employed disabled Vietnam-era veterans (12.9 percent) worked part time compared with their nondisabled counterparts (4.3 percent). Twenty-one percent of the disabled and about 8 percent of the nondisabled male Vietnam-era veterans were employed by the federal government. Among their nonveteran counterparts, the proportion in federal employment was about 2 percent. (See table 5.) Among those male disabled Vietnam-era veterans who were unemployed or not in the labor force in September 1997, nearly half reported that their disability prevented them from obtaining or keeping a job. (See table 7.) About 1 in 5 of those currently employed reported that their disability had prevented them from obtaining a job in the past. - 3 - Use of Veterans Programs by Vietnam-era Veterans As of September 1997, about one-half of the male veterans from the Vietnam era had participated in special education or training programs following their military discharge. Sixty-four percent of the disabled and 46 percent of the nondisabled participated in such programs. A large percentage of all those who reported using a specific program used the GI Bill. (See table 6.) Veterans of Other Service Periods A total of 24.2 million men reported they had served in the Armed Forces. About 2 out of 3 veterans served before or after the Vietnam era, including approximately 9 million men who served in earlier wars, primarily World War II and Korea. The relatively low labor force participation rate for male veterans of other wars (21.5 percent) reflects the fact that nearly 9 out of 10 were at least 65 years old. About 9 percent of the male veterans of other wartime periods had a service-connected disability. (See tables 2 and 4.) There were 7 million male peacetime veterans (serving mainly between the Korean and Vietnam wars and since Vietnam) in September 1997. About 7 percent of them reported a service-connected disability. The labor force participation rate for the disabled peacetime veterans was 80.7 percent, compared with 84.3 percent for the nondisabled. (See table 4.) Female Veterans There were 178,000 female Vietnam-era veterans in September 1997. Of this number, about 20 percent served in the Vietnam theater. The labor force participation rate of female Vietnam-era veterans was 72.6 percent, and their unemployment rate was 1.4 percent. (See table 8.) At the time of the survey, there were 929,000 female peacetime veterans. Their labor force participation and unemployment rates were 71.6 and 4.1 percent, respectively. About 70 percent of female peacetime veterans served in the post-Vietnam period. These veterans (age 25 to 44) had a labor force participation rate (78.8 percent) and an unemployment rate (4.4 percent) similar to their nonveteran peers. About 9 percent of all female veterans reported having a service- connected disability; their labor force participation rate was 58.2 percent. Veterans Recently Discharged from Active Duty A total of 896,000 veterans were discharged from the Armed Forces between 1994 and 1997. Women composed about 15 percent of all veterans who were recently discharged, while blacks and Hispanics constituted 14 and 8 percent, respectively. The proportion in the labor force was about the same for blacks (87.7 percent) as for whites (89.5 percent), while the labor force participation rate for recently discharged Hispanic veterans was somewhat higher at 96.4 percent. The jobless rate for recently discharged blacks was slightly higher than that for whites. (See table 9.) Technical Note The estimates in this release were obtained from a supplement to the September 1997 Current Population Survey (CPS), a monthly survey of about 50,000 households, which provides the basic, national data on employment and unemployment. The CPS is conducted by the Bureau of the Census for the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The supplement, which was sponsored jointly by the U.S. Department of Labor's Veterans Employment and Training Service and Bureau of Labor Statistics and by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, included special questions asked of persons 18 years of age and older regarding their prior service in the Armed Forces and whether they had a service- connected disability. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-606-7828; TDD phone: 202-606-5897; TDD message referral phone number: 1-800-326-2577. Reliability of the estimates Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90- percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. For a full discussion of the reliability of data from the CPS and information on estimating standard errors, see the "Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error" section of the February 1994 and subsequent issues of Employment and Earnings. Definitions The definitions underlying the data in this release are as follows: Veteran status is provided from responses to the question, "Did you ever serve on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces?" Period of service is provided from answers to the question asked of veterans, "When did you serve?" The following service periods are identified: Vietnam era - February 1961-May 1975 Korean war - June 1950-January 1955 World War I - September 1940-July 1947 World War II - April 1917-November 1918 Peacetime - All other periods Vietnam-era veterans are those who served anywhere between August 1964 and May 1975, plus those who were in Southeast Asia between February 28, 1961, and August 4, 1964. Vietnam-theater veterans are those who served in Vietnam, Laos, or Cambodia, or in the nearby waters or airspace between February 28, 1961, and May 7, 1975. Presence of service-connected disability is provided by answers to the question, "Has the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) or the Department of Defense determined that you have a service-connected disability; that is, a health condition or impairment caused or made worse by military service?" Effect of service-connected disability on veterans’ employment experience is determined by answers to the questions, "Did your service-connected disability ever prevent you from getting or holding a job in the past?" and "Does this disability currently keep you from getting or holding a job?" The first question was asked of all disabled veterans; the second was asked only of those who were either unemployed or not in the labor force. Service-connected disability rating is based on answers to the question, "What is your current service-connected disability rating?" Answers can range from 0 to 100 percent. Ratings are determined from a rating schedule published in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 38, "Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans Relief," Part 4--"Schedule for Rating Disabilities." The rating schedule is "primarily a guide in the evaluations of disability resulting from all types of diseases and injuries encountered as a result of or incident to military service. The percentage ratings represent, as far as can practicably be determined, the average impairment in earnings capacity resulting from such diseases and injuries and their residual conditions in civil occupations." Part 4 contains a listing of hundreds of possible disorders and assigns ratings of 0 through 100 percent in steps of 10 percent for each, with instructions for rating multiple disorders. Use of veterans’ education and training programs is based on answers to the question, "Have you ever used any of the following programs?" Under the GI Bill: Education assistance On-the-job training Apprenticeship Montgomery GI Bill or Veterans’ Educational Assistance Program (VEAP) VA Vocational Rehabilitation Under U.S. Department of Labor-sponsored programs: Transition Assistance Program (TAP) Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA) or Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (CETA) Job Service/Unemployment Insurance/Veterans' Representatives Table 1. Employment status of men 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, race, and Hispanic origin, September 1997, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | Civilian labor force | ______________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | Veteran status, period of service, | Civilian | | | | Unemployed | Not in _____________________ race, | noninsti-| | Percent | | | labor and Hispanic origin | tutional | | of | | | | force |population| Total | populati-| Employed | | Percent | | | | on | | Number | of | | | | | | | labor | | | | | | | force | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | TOTAL | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Total, 18 years and over................| 93,851 | 71,483 | 76.2 | 68,543 | 2,940 | 4.1 | 22,368 | | | | | | | Veterans(1)...........................| 24,171 | 14,571 | 60.3 | 14,057 | 514 | 3.5 | 9,600 | | | | | | | War veterans........................| 17,175 | 8,719 | 50.8 | 8,460 | 258 | 3.0 | 8,457 Vietnam era.......................| 8,170 | 6,781 | 83.0 | 6,579 | 201 | 3.0 | 1,390 Vietnam theater.................| 3,906 | 3,119 | 79.8 | 2,994 | 125 | 4.0 | 787 Outside the Vietnam theater.....| 4,264 | 3,662 | 85.9 | 3,585 | 76 | 2.1 | 602 Other war veterans................| 9,005 | 1,938 | 21.5 | 1,881 | 57 | 2.9 | 7,067 Peacetime veterans..................| 6,996 | 5,852 | 83.7 | 5,597 | 256 | 4.4 | 1,143 | | | | | | | Nonveterans...........................| 69,680 | 56,912 | 81.7 | 54,486 | 2,426 | 4.3 | 12,768 | | | | | | | White | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Total, 18 years and over................| 79,524 | 61,027 | 76.7 | 58,870 | 2,157 | 3.5 | 18,497 | | | | | | | Veterans(1)...........................| 21,389 | 12,742 | 59.6 | 12,350 | 391 | 3.1 | 8,647 | | | | | | | War veterans........................| 15,500 | 7,852 | 50.7 | 7,654 | 199 | 2.5 | 7,648 Vietnam era.......................| 7,214 | 6,045 | 83.8 | 5,894 | 151 | 2.5 | 1,169 Vietnam theater.................| 3,405 | 2,765 | 81.2 | 2,682 | 84 | 3.0 | 640 Outside the Vietnam theater.....| 3,809 | 3,280 | 86.1 | 3,212 | 67 | 2.1 | 529 Other war veterans................| 8,286 | 1,807 | 21.8 | 1,760 | 48 | 2.6 | 6,479 Peacetime veterans..................| 5,889 | 4,890 | 83.0 | 4,697 | 193 | 3.9 | 1,000 | | | | | | | Nonveterans...........................| 58,134 | 48,285 | 83.1 | 46,520 | 1,765 | 3.7 | 9,849 | | | | | | | Black | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Total, 18 years and over................| 10,148 | 7,284 | 71.8 | 6,664 | 620 | 8.5 | 2,864 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Veterans(1)...........................| 2,250 | 1,487 | 66.1 | 1,386 | 101 | 6.8 | 763 | | | | | | | War veterans........................| 1,341 | 705 | 52.6 | 655 | 50 | 7.1 | 636 Vietnam era.......................| 739 | 590 | 79.9 | 549 | 41 | 6.9 | 149 Vietnam theater.................| 389 | 289 | 74.3 | 257 | 32 | 11.2 | 100 Outside the Vietnam theater.....| 350 | 301 | 86.0 | 292 | 9 | 2.9 | 49 Other war veterans................| 602 | 115 | 19.1 | 106 | 9 | 8.1 | 487 Peacetime veterans..................| 909 | 782 | 86.0 | 731 | 51 | 6.5 | 127 | | | | | | | Nonveterans...........................| 7,898 | 5,797 | 73.4 | 5,278 | 519 | 8.9 | 2,101 | | | | | | | Hispanic origin | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Total, 18 years and over................| 9,807 | 8,137 | 83.0 | 7,629 | 508 | 6.2 | 1,670 | | | | | | | Veterans(1)...........................| 881 | 624 | 70.9 | 574 | 51 | 8.1 | 257 | | | | | | | War veterans........................| 557 | 322 | 57.8 | 303 | 19 | 5.8 | 235 Vietnam era.......................| 341 | 279 | 81.8 | 260 | 19 | 6.7 | 62 Vietnam theater.................| 169 | 134 | 79.2 | 129 | 5 | 3.5 | 35 Outside the Vietnam theater.....| 171 | 145 | 84.4 | 131 | 14 | 9.6 | 27 Other war veterans................| 216 | 43 | 20.0 | 43 | - | (2) | 173 Peacetime veterans..................| 324 | 303 | 93.3 | 271 | 32 | 10.6 | 22 | | | | | | | Nonveterans...........................| 8,926 | 7,513 | 84.2 | 7,056 | 457 | 6.1 | 1,414 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 Because of the aging of the population, there are no longer any Vietnam-era veterans under 35 years of age or any other war veterans under 55 years of age. 2 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000. NOTE: Male veterans are men who served in the Armed Forces during the Vietnam era, the Korean war, World Wars I and II, and all other service periods. Nonveterans are men who have never served in the Armed Forces. Information on specific periods of service appears in the Technical Note of this release. Detail for the above race and and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. Data for total persons, 18 years and over, and nonveterans reflect revised population controls used in the Current Population Survey effective with January 1997 estimates. Dash represents zero. Table 2. Employment status of men 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and age, September 1997, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | Civilian labor force | ______________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | Civilian | | | | Unemployed | Not in _____________________ Veteran status, period of service, and | noninsti-| | Percent | | | labor age | tutional | | of | | | | force |population| Total | populati-| Employed | | Percent | | | | on | | Number | of | | | | | | | labor | | | | | | | force | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | VETERANS | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Total, 18 years and over................| 24,171 | 14,571 | 60.3 | 14,057 | 514 | 3.5 | 9,600 18 to 24 years......................| 214 | 197 | 91.9 | 174 | 23 | 11.7 | 17 25 to 34 years......................| 2,020 | 1,920 | 95.0 | 1,855 | 64 | 3.3 | 100 35 to 44 years......................| 2,918 | 2,699 | 92.5 | 2,558 | 141 | 5.2 | 219 45 to 54 years......................| 5,790 | 5,160 | 89.1 | 5,011 | 149 | 2.9 | 630 55 to 64 years......................| 4,583 | 3,026 | 66.0 | 2,934 | 92 | 3.1 | 1,557 65 years and over...................| 8,646 | 1,570 | 18.2 | 1,526 | 45 | 2.8 | 7,076 | | | | | | | War veterans | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Total, 35 years and over................| 17,175 | 8,719 | 50.8 | 8,460 | 258 | 3.0 | 8,457 35 to 44 years......................| 978 | 890 | 91.0 | 855 | 35 | 4.0 | 88 45 to 54 years......................| 5,341 | 4,772 | 89.3 | 4,638 | 134 | 2.8 | 569 55 to 64 years......................| 2,562 | 1,588 | 62.0 | 1,544 | 45 | 2.8 | 974 65 years and over...................| 8,294 | 1,468 | 17.7 | 1,424 | 45 | 3.0 | 6,826 | | | | | | | Vietnam era | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Total, 35 years and over................| 8,170 | 6,781 | 83.0 | 6,579 | 201 | 3.0 | 1,390 35 to 44 years......................| 978 | 890 | 91.0 | 855 | 35 | 4.0 | 88 45 to 54 years......................| 5,341 | 4,772 | 89.3 | 4,638 | 134 | 2.8 | 569 55 to 64 years......................| 1,437 | 1,067 | 74.2 | 1,039 | 28 | 2.6 | 370 65 years and over...................| 414 | 52 | 12.5 | 47 | 5 | (1) | 363 | | | | | | | Vietnam theater | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Total, 35 years and over................| 3,906 | 3,119 | 79.8 | 2,994 | 125 | 4.0 | 787 35 to 44 years......................| 286 | 262 | 91.7 | 249 | 13 | 5.0 | 24 45 to 54 years......................| 2,698 | 2,358 | 87.4 | 2,264 | 94 | 4.0 | 341 55 to 64 years......................| 662 | 462 | 69.8 | 449 | 13 | 2.9 | 200 65 years and over...................| 260 | 37 | 14.2 | 32 | 5 | (1) | 223 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Outside the Vietnam theater | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Total, 35 years and over................| 4,264 | 3,662 | 85.9 | 3,585 | 76 | 2.1 | 602 35 to 44 years......................| 692 | 628 | 90.8 | 606 | 22 | 3.5 | 64 45 to 54 years......................| 2,642 | 2,414 | 91.4 | 2,374 | 40 | 1.7 | 228 55 to 64 years......................| 775 | 605 | 78.0 | 591 | 14 | 2.3 | 170 65 years and over...................| 155 | 15 | 9.6 | 15 | - | (1) | 140 | | | | | | | Other war veterans | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Total, 55 years and over................| 9,005 | 1,938 | 21.5 | 1,881 | 57 | 2.9 | 7,067 55 to 64 years......................| 1,125 | 521 | 46.3 | 504 | 17 | 3.3 | 604 65 years and over...................| 7,880 | 1,417 | 18.0 | 1,377 | 40 | 2.8 | 6,463 | | | | | | | Peacetime veterans | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Total, 18 years and over................| 6,996 | 5,852 | 83.7 | 5,597 | 256 | 4.4 | 1,143 18 to 24 years......................| 214 | 197 | 91.9 | 174 | 23 | 11.7 | 17 25 to 34 years......................| 2,020 | 1,920 | 95.0 | 1,855 | 64 | 3.3 | 100 35 to 44 years......................| 1,940 | 1,808 | 93.2 | 1,703 | 105 | 5.8 | 132 45 to 54 years......................| 449 | 388 | 86.5 | 373 | 15 | 4.0 | 61 55 to 64 years......................| 2,021 | 1,438 | 71.1 | 1,390 | 48 | 3.3 | 583 65 years and over...................| 352 | 102 | 28.9 | 102 | - | - | 250 | | | | | | | NONVETERANS | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Total, 18 years and over................| 69,680 | 56,912 | 81.7 | 54,486 | 2,426 | 4.3 | 12,768 18 to 24 years......................| 12,273 | 9,147 | 74.5 | 8,193 | 954 | 10.4 | 3,127 25 to 34 years......................| 17,348 | 16,086 | 92.7 | 15,481 | 605 | 3.8 | 1,262 35 to 44 years......................| 18,838 | 17,575 | 93.3 | 17,085 | 491 | 2.8 | 1,263 45 to 54 years......................| 10,603 | 9,439 | 89.0 | 9,186 | 254 | 2.7 | 1,164 55 to 64 years......................| 5,753 | 3,938 | 68.4 | 3,847 | 91 | 2.3 | 1,815 65 years and over...................| 4,864 | 727 | 15.0 | 695 | 32 | 4.4 | 4,137 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000. NOTE: Male veterans are men who served in the Armed Forces during the Vietnam era, the Korean war, World Wars I and II, and all other service periods. Nonveterans are men who have never served in the Armed Forces. Information on specific periods of service appears in the Technical Note of this release. Data for nonveterans reflect revised population controls used in the Current Population Survey effective with January 1997 estimates. Dash represents zero. Table 3. Employed men 18 years and over by occupation, veteran status, and period of service, September 1997, not seasonally adjusted (Percent distribution) __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Veterans | ______________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | War veterans | | ____________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | Nonvet- Occupation | | | Vietnam era | | Peace- | erans __________________________ | Total | | | | time | | | | | | | Other |veterans| | | Total | | | Outside| war | | | | | Total | Vietnam| the |veterans| | | | | | theater| Vietnam| | | | | | | | theater| | | __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Total, 18 years and over (thousands)......................| 14,057 | 8,460 | 6,579 | 2,994 | 3,585 | 1,881 | 5,597 | 54,486 Percent..............................................| 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | | | | | | | | Managerial and professional specialty..................| 28.4 | 31.8 | 31.7 | 29.2 | 33.8 | 32.3 | 23.3 | 28.2 Executive, adminstrative, and managerial............| 17.2 | 19.6 | 19.8 | 18.3 | 21.0 | 18.8 | 13.5 | 14.8 Professional specialty..............................| 11.3 | 12.3 | 11.9 | 10.9 | 12.7 | 13.5 | 9.8 | 13.4 | | | | | | | | Technical, sales, and administrative support...........| 21.2 | 22.1 | 21.7 | 21.2 | 22.2 | 23.4 | 19.7 | 19.2 Technicians and related support.....................| 3.3 | 2.9 | 3.3 | 3.5 | 3.1 | 1.6 | 3.9 | 3.0 Sales occupations...................................| 10.9 | 12.5 | 11.1 | 10.9 | 11.3 | 17.4 | 8.5 | 11.1 Administrative support, including clerical..........| 7.0 | 6.7 | 7.4 | 6.9 | 7.9 | 4.4 | 7.3 | 5.1 | | | | | | | | Service occupations....................................| 9.3 | 7.7 | 7.1 | 8.3 | 6.1 | 9.8 | 11.7 | 10.2 Protective service..................................| 4.3 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.7 | 3.1 | 2.8 | 5.9 | 2.3 Other service occupations...........................| 5.0 | 4.4 | 3.7 | 4.6 | 3.0 | 6.9 | 5.8 | 7.9 | | | | | | | | Precision production, craft, and repair................| 19.7 | 17.9 | 20.3 | 21.5 | 19.4 | 9.2 | 22.6 | 18.3 Mechanics and repairers.............................| 8.4 | 7.6 | 8.6 | 8.8 | 8.4 | 4.4 | 9.7 | 6.2 Construction trades.................................| 7.1 | 6.4 | 7.4 | 7.3 | 7.5 | 2.8 | 8.2 | 7.5 Other precision production, craft, and repair.......| 4.2 | 3.8 | 4.4 | 5.4 | 3.5 | 2.0 | 4.7 | 4.5 | | | | | | | | Operators, fabricators, and laborers...................| 18.4 | 16.9 | 17.3 | 17.6 | 16.9 | 15.6 | 20.6 | 19.7 Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors.......| 6.3 | 4.9 | 5.7 | 5.5 | 5.8 | 2.2 | 8.4 | 7.4 Transportation and material moving occupations......| 8.5 | 8.7 | 8.5 | 8.6 | 8.3 | 9.4 | 8.3 | 6.6 Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers.| 3.6 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 3.5 | 2.8 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 5.8 | | | | | | | | Farming, forestry, and fishing.........................| 3.0 | 3.6 | 1.9 | 2.1 | 1.7 | 9.8 | 2.1 | 4.4 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ NOTE: Male veterans are men who served in the Armed Forces during the Vietnam era, the Korean war, World Wars I and II, and all other service periods. Nonveterans are men who have never served in the Armed Forces. Information on specific periods of service appears in the Technical Note of this release. Data for nonveterans reflect revised population controls used in the Current Population Survey effective with January 1997 estimates. Table 4. Employment status of male veterans 18 years and over by period of service, presence of service-connected disability, and reported disability rating, September 1997, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | Civilian labor force | ______________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | Civilian | | | | Unemployed | Not in _____________________ Period of service, presence of disability, and | noninsti-| | Percent | | | labor reported disability rating | tutional | | of | | | | force |population| Total | populati-| Employed | | Percent | | | | on | | Number | of | | | | | | | labor | | | | | | | force | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | VETERANS | | | | | | | | | | | | | | With service-connected disability.................| 2,263 | 1,091 | 48.2 | 1,048 | 44 | 4.0 | 1,171 Less then 30 percent disability rating.......| 1,236 | 688 | 55.7 | 667 | 21 | 3.0 | 548 30- to 50- percent disability rating.........| 450 | 230 | 51.2 | 208 | 23 | 9.9 | 220 60 percent or higher disability rating.......| 371 | 84 | 22.6 | 84 | - | - | 287 Disability rating not reported...............| 205 | 89 | 43.1 | 89 | - | - | 117 Without service-connected disability..............| 19,816 | 12,195 | 61.5 | 11,769 | 427 | 3.5 | 7,621 Presence of disability not reported...............| 2,092 | 1,284 | 61.4 | 1,241 | 44 | 3.4 | 808 | | | | | | | War veterans | | | | | | | | | | | | | | With service-connected disability.................| 1,794 | 713 | 39.8 | 683 | 30 | 4.3 | 1,081 Less then 30 percent disability rating.......| 947 | 424 | 44.8 | 415 | 9 | 2.1 | 523 30- to 50- percent disability rating.........| 369 | 163 | 44.3 | 142 | 21 | 13.1 | 206 60 percent or higher disability rating.......| 326 | 70 | 21.6 | 70 | - | (1) | 256 Disability rating not reported...............| 152 | 55 | 36.4 | 55 | - | (1) | 96 Without service-connected disability..............| 13,984 | 7,281 | 52.1 | 7,074 | 206 | 2.8 | 6,703 Presence of disability not reported...............| 1,398 | 725 | 51.8 | 703 | 22 | 3.0 | 673 | | | | | | | Vietnam era | | | | | | | | | | | | | | With service-connected disability.................| 972 | 604 | 62.1 | 574 | 29 | 4.9 | 369 Less then 30 percent disability rating.......| 477 | 357 | 74.9 | 348 | 9 | 2.5 | 120 30- to 50- percent disability rating.........| 225 | 144 | 63.9 | 123 | 20 | 14.2 | 81 60 percent or higher disability rating.......| 217 | 61 | 28.2 | 61 | - | (1) | 156 Disability rating not reported...............| 54 | 42 | (1) | 42 | - | (1) | 12 Without service-connected disability..............| 6,460 | 5,605 | 86.8 | 5,452 | 153 | 2.7 | 855 Presence of disability not reported...............| 738 | 572 | 77.6 | 553 | 19 | 3.4 | 165 | | | | | | | Vietnam theater | | | | | | | | | | | | | | With service-connected disability.................| 664 | 402 | 60.5 | 390 | 12 | 2.9 | 262 Less then 30 percent disability rating.......| 318 | 240 | 75.3 | 240 | - | - | 79 30- to 50- percent disability rating.........| 156 | 93 | 59.7 | 82 | 12 | 12.4 | 63 60 percent or higher disability rating.......| 156 | 45 | 28.6 | 45 | - | (1) | 112 | | | | | | | Disability rating not reported...............| 34 | 24 | (1) | 24 | - | (1) | 10 Without service-connected disability..............| 2,887 | 2,473 | 85.6 | 2,373 | 100 | 4.0 | 415 Presence of disability not reported...............| 354 | 244 | 68.9 | 230 | 14 | 5.8 | 110 | | | | | | | Outside the Vietnam theater | | | | | | | | | | | | | | With service-connected disability.................| 308 | 202 | 65.5 | 184 | 18 | 8.9 | 106 Less then 30 percent disability rating.......| 159 | 118 | 74.1 | 109 | 9 | 7.6 | 41 30- to 50- percent disability rating.........| 69 | 51 | (1) | 42 | 9 | (1) | 18 60 percent or higher disability rating.......| 61 | 17 | (1) | 17 | - | (1) | 44 Disability rating not reported...............| 20 | 17 | (1) | 17 | - | (1) | 3 Without service-connected disability..............| 3,573 | 3,132 | 87.7 | 3,079 | 53 | 1.7 | 441 Presence of disability not reported...............| 383 | 328 | 85.6 | 323 | 5 | 1.6 | 55 | | | | | | | Other war veterans | | | | | | | | | | | | | | With service-connected disability.................| 822 | 110 | 13.3 | 109 | 1 | .9 | 712 Less then 30 percent disability rating.......| 470 | 67 | 14.3 | 67 | - | (1) | 403 30- to 50- percent disability rating.........| 144 | 20 | 13.6 | 19 | 1 | (1) | 124 60 percent or higher disability rating.......| 110 | 9 | 8.4 | 9 | - | (1) | 101 Disability rating not reported...............| 98 | 14 | 13.9 | 14 | - | (1) | 84 Without service-connected disability..............| 7,524 | 1,676 | 22.3 | 1,622 | 54 | 3.2 | 5,847 Presence of disability not reported...............| 660 | 152 | 23.1 | 150 | 2 | 1.4 | 507 | | | | | | | Peacetime veterans | | | | | | | | | | | | | | With service-connected disability.................| 469 | 378 | 80.7 | 365 | 13 | 3.5 | 91 Less then 30 percent disability rating.......| 289 | 264 | 91.3 | 252 | 12 | 4.5 | 25 30- to 50- percent disability rating.........| 81 | 67 | 82.9 | 66 | 1 | (1) | 14 60 percent or higher disability rating.......| 45 | 14 | (1) | 14 | - | (1) | 31 Disability rating not reported...............| 54 | 33 | (1) | 33 | - | (1) | 20 Without service-connected disability..............| 5,833 | 4,915 | 84.3 | 4,694 | 220 | 4.5 | 918 Presence of disability not reported...............| 695 | 560 | 80.6 | 538 | 22 | 3.9 | 135 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000. NOTE: Male veterans are men who served in the Armed Forces during the Vietnam era, the Korean war, World Wars I and II, and all other service periods. Nonveterans are men who have never served in the Armed Forces. Information on specific periods of service appears in the Technical Note of this release. A service-connected disability is a health condition or impairment caused or made worse by military service. The associated disability rating, which can range from 0 to 100 percent, is determined from a rating schedule published in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, "Title 38." Additional information on periods of service and service-connected disability ratings also appears in the Technical Note ot this release. Dash represents zero. Table 5. Employed men 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, presence of service-connected disability, and class of worker, September 1997, not seasonally adjusted _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | Percent distribution by class of worker ___________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | Nonagricultural wage and salary workers |Agricultural ___________________________________________ | Total | | | wage and Veteran status, period of service, and presence | employed(1)| | | | salary, of disability | (thousands)| | | Government |self-employ- ________________________________ | | Total | | | ed, | | | Private | | | | and unpaid | | | sector | | | State | family | | | | Total | Federal | and | workers | | | | | | local | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | All veterans....................................| 14,057 | 100.0 | 70.7 | 17.2 | 6.3 | 10.9 | 12.1 With service-connected disability.............| 1,048 | 100.0 | 61.1 | 27.0 | 14.9 | 12.1 | 12.0 Without service-connected disability..........| 11,769 | 100.0 | 71.2 | 16.4 | 5.4 | 11.0 | 12.3 | | | | | | | War veterans..................................| 8,460 | 100.0 | 67.6 | 17.8 | 7.4 | 10.5 | 14.6 With service-connected disability...........| 683 | 100.0 | 55.0 | 31.0 | 17.7 | 13.3 | 14.0 Without service-connected disability........| 7,074 | 100.0 | 68.7 | 16.7 | 6.4 | 10.4 | 14.6 | | | | | | | Vietnam era.................................| 6,579 | 100.0 | 69.2 | 20.4 | 9.1 | 11.3 | 10.5 With service-connected disability.........| 574 | 100.0 | 55.3 | 33.2 | 21.0 | 12.2 | 11.5 Without service-connected disability......| 5,452 | 100.0 | 70.6 | 19.2 | 7.9 | 11.4 | 10.1 | | | | | | | Vietnam theater...........................| 2,994 | 100.0 | 68.9 | 20.9 | 9.5 | 11.4 | 10.1 With service-connected disability.......| 390 | 100.0 | 56.8 | 30.7 | 17.9 | 12.8 | 12.4 Without service-connected disability....| 2,373 | 100.0 | 71.3 | 19.2 | 7.8 | 11.3 | 9.5 | | | | | | | Outside the Vietnam theater...............| 3,585 | 100.0 | 69.4 | 19.9 | 8.7 | 11.2 | 10.7 With service-connected disability.......| 184 | 100.0 | 52.1 | 38.3 | 27.5 | 10.7 | 9.6 Without service-connected disability....| 3,079 | 100.0 | 70.1 | 19.3 | 7.9 | 11.4 | 10.6 | | | | | | | Other war veterans..........................| 1,881 | 100.0 | 61.9 | 9.0 | 1.5 | 7.5 | 29.1 With service-connected disability.........| 109 | 100.0 | 53.3 | 19.6 | .4 | 19.2 | 27.2 Without service-connected disability......| 1,622 | 100.0 | 62.1 | 8.2 | 1.3 | 6.9 | 29.7 | | | | | | | Peacetime veterans............................| 5,597 | 100.0 | 75.5 | 16.1 | 4.6 | 11.5 | 8.4 With service-connected disability...........| 365 | 100.0 | 72.4 | 19.5 | 9.7 | 9.8 | 8.1 Without service-connected disability........| 4,694 | 100.0 | 75.1 | 16.0 | 4.0 | 12.0 | 8.8 | | | | | | | Nonveterans.....................................| 54,486 | 100.0 | 78.6 | 10.0 | 1.7 | 8.3 | 11.4 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 Includes veterans who did not report presence of disability. NOTE: Male veterans are men who served in the Armed Forces during the Vietnam era, the Korean war, World Wars I and II, and all other service periods. Nonveterans are men who have never served in the Armed Forces. Information on specific periods of service appears in the Technical Note of this release. A service-connected disability is a health condition or impairment caused or made worse by military service. The associated disability rating, which can range from 0 to 100 percent, is determined from a rating schedule published in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, "Title 38." Additional information on periods of service and service-connected disability ratings also appears in the Technical Note ot this release. Data for nonveterans reflect revised population controls used in the Current Population Survey effective with January 1997 estimates. Table 6. Male veterans 18 years and over by period of service, presence of service-connected disability, and use of veterans' education and training programs, September 1997, not seasonally adjusted __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | Percent distribution | Percent reporting use of | | by reported use of | specific programs(2) | | programs | ________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | U.S. Department of |U.S. Department of | | | | | Veterans Affairs | Labor-sponsored | Total(1) | | | | | programs _____________________________________________ Period of service and presence of disability |(thousands)| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Total | Used no|Used any| | Veter- | | | | | | program| program| | ans | Voca- | State | | | | | | GI | Educa- | tional | job | Other | | | | | Bill(3)| tional |rehabil-| service|programs- | | | | | | Assist-| itation|offices-| (5) | | | | | | ance | | (4) | | | | | | |Programs| | | __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | All veterans.................................| 24,171 | 100.0 | 58.8 | 41.3 | 36.5 | 4.9 | 1.2 | 1.1 | .9 With service-connected disability..........| 2,263 | 100.0 | 46.3 | 53.8 | 46.0 | 7.5 | 6.6 | 3.0 | 2.6 Without service-connected disability.......| 19,816 | 100.0 | 60.1 | 39.9 | 35.5 | 4.6 | .6 | .9 | .8 | | | | | | | | | War veterans...............................| 17,175 | 100.0 | 54.8 | 45.2 | 41.8 | 4.0 | 1.3 | 1.1 | .9 With service-connected disability........| 1,794 | 100.0 | 44.8 | 55.2 | 49.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 2.2 | 2.1 Without service-connected disability.....| 13,984 | 100.0 | 56.1 | 43.9 | 40.9 | 3.7 | .7 | 1.0 | .7 | | | | | | | | | Vietnam era..............................| 8,170 | 100.0 | 51.4 | 48.6 | 44.8 | 4.5 | 1.7 | 2.0 | 1.6 With service-connected disability......| 972 | 100.0 | 35.6 | 64.4 | 56.1 | 9.4 | 9.0 | 3.6 | 3.3 Without service-connected disability...| 6,460 | 100.0 | 53.7 | 46.3 | 43.2 | 3.7 | .6 | 1.7 | 1.4 | | | | | | | | | Vietnam theater........................| 3,906 | 100.0 | 46.0 | 54.0 | 49.4 | 5.1 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 1.6 With service-connected disability....| 664 | 100.0 | 36.5 | 63.5 | 56.0 | 7.0 | 9.1 | 3.5 | 1.6 Without service-connected disability.| 2,887 | 100.0 | 48.1 | 51.9 | 47.9 | 4.7 | .8 | 1.9 | 1.6 | | | | | | | | | Outside the Vietnam theater............| 4,264 | 100.0 | 56.3 | 43.7 | 40.6 | 3.9 | 1.1 | 1.7 | 1.6 With service-connected disability....| 308 | 100.0 | 33.7 | 66.3 | 56.2 | 14.7 | 9.0 | 3.9 | 6.9 Without service-connected disability.| 3,573 | 100.0 | 58.2 | 41.8 | 39.4 | 3.0 | .4 | 1.5 | 1.2 | | | | | | | | | Other war veterans.......................| 9,005 | 100.0 | 57.9 | 42.1 | 39.1 | 3.5 | .9 | .3 | .2 With service-connected disability......| 822 | 100.0 | 55.7 | 44.3 | 41.0 | 2.3 | 2.8 | .5 | .7 Without service-connected disability...| 7,524 | 100.0 | 58.1 | 41.9 | 39.0 | 3.6 | .7 | .3 | .2 | | | | | | | | | Peacetime veterans.........................| 6,996 | 100.0 | 68.6 | 31.5 | 23.2 | 7.3 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.1 With service-connected disability........| 469 | 100.0 | 52.3 | 48.2 | 33.6 | 12.6 | 8.1 | 6.2 | 4.7 Without service-connected disability.....| 5,833 | 100.0 | 69.8 | 30.2 | 22.4 | 6.9 | .5 | .9 | .8 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 Includes veterans who did not report presence of disability and/or information on use of programs. 2 The sum of the percentages using specific programs will not equal the percentages for "used any program" because some veterans used more than one program. 3 Includes educational assistance, on-the-job training, and apprenticeship. 4 Provides such services as job counseling, testing, and employment referral and placement. 5 Includes the Transition Assistance Program (TAP), the Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA), and the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (CETA). NOTE: Male veterans are men who served in the Armed Forces during the Vietnam era, the Korean war, World Wars I and II, and all other service periods. Nonveterans are men who have never served in the Armed Forces. Information on specific periods of service appears in the Technical Note of this release. A service-connected disability is a health condition or impairment caused or made worse by military service. The associated disability rating, which can range from 0 to 100 percent, is determined from a rating schedule published in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, "Title 38." Additional information on periods of service and service-connected disability ratings also appears in the Technical Note ot this release. Table 7. Disabled male veterans 18 years and over by period of service, disability rating, and effect of disability on jobholding, September 1997, not seasonally adjusted _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | Disabled veterans _______________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | Unemployed or not in the | | | labor force ___________________________________ Period of service and disability rating | | Percent whose | | Total | disability | | | (thousands) | affected | | Percent whose | | past job- | Total | disability | | holding | (thousands) | currently | | | | affects job- | | | | holding _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | All veterans(1)........................................| 2,263 | 27.3 | 1,215 | 35.3 Less than 30 percent disability rating...............| 1,236 | 14.3 | 569 | 12.5 30- to 50- percent disability rating.................| 450 | 33.8 | 242 | 42.0 60 percent or higher disability rating...............| 371 | 63.3 | 287 | 75.9 | | | | War veterans.........................................| 1,794 | 26.8 | 1,111 | 32.6 Less than 30 percent disability rating.............| 947 | 12.2 | 532 | 10.9 30- to 50- percent disability rating...............| 369 | 32.0 | 227 | 39.8 60 percent or higher disability rating.............| 326 | 62.7 | 256 | 74.3 | | | | Vietnam era........................................| 972 | 29.2 | 398 | 47.9 Less than 30 percent disability rating...........| 477 | 13.5 | 129 | 19.9 30- to 50- percent disability rating.............| 225 | 29.6 | 102 | 42.1 60 percent or higher disability rating...........| 217 | 62.1 | 156 | 77.2 | | | | Vietnam theater..................................| 664 | 29.4 | 274 | 55.1 Less than 30 percent disability rating.........| 318 | 12.7 | 79 | 26.3 30- to 50- percent disability rating...........| 156 | 29.1 | 74 | (2) 60 percent or higher disability rating.........| 156 | 60.0 | 112 | 81.8 | | | | Outside the Vietnam theater......................| 308 | 28.7 | 124 | 32.0 Less than 30 percent disability rating.........| 159 | 15.1 | 50 | (2) 30- to 50- percent disability rating...........| 69 | (2) | 27 | (2) 60 percent or higher disability rating.........| 61 | (2) | 44 | (2) | | | | Other war veterans.................................| 822 | 24.0 | 713 | 24.1 Less than 30 percent disability rating...........| 470 | 10.9 | 403 | 8.0 30- to 50- percent disability rating.............| 144 | 35.8 | 125 | 38.0 60 percent or higher disability rating...........| 110 | 63.8 | 101 | 69.7 | | | | Peacetime veterans...................................| 469 | 29.0 | 104 | 64.3 Less than 30 percent disability rating.............| 289 | 20.9 | 37 | (2) 30- to 50- percent disability rating...............| 81 | 42.0 | 15 | (2) 60 percent or higher disability rating.............| 45 | (2) | 31 | (2) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 Includes veterans who did not report disability rating, as well as those who did not respond to the question on the effect of disability on jobholding. 2 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000. NOTE: Male veterans are men who served in the Armed Forces during the Vietnam era, the Korean war, World Wars I and II, and all other service periods. Nonveterans are men who have never served in the Armed Forces. Information on specific periods of service appears in the Technical Note of this release. A service-connected disability is a health condition or impairment caused or made worse by military service. The associated disability rating, which can range from 0 to 100 percent, is determined from a rating schedule published in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, "Title 38." Additional information on periods of service and service-connected disability ratings also appears in the Technical Note ot this release. Table 8. Employment status of women 18 years and over by veteran status and period of service, September 1997, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | Civilian labor force | ___________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | Civilian | | | | Unemployed | Not in _______________________ Veteran status and period of service | noninsti- | | | | | labor | tutional | | Percent | | | | force | population| Total | of | Employed | | Percent | | | | population| | Number | of | | | | | | | labor | | | | | | | force | __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Total, 18 years and over......................| 101,791 | 61,827 | 60.7 | 58,887 | 2,940 | 4.8 | 39,964 | | | | | | | Veterans(1).................................| 1,446 | 838 | 58.0 | 809 | 29 | 3.4 | 608 | | | | | | | War veterans..............................| 517 | 173 | 33.5 | 171 | 2 | 1.0 | 344 Vietnam era.............................| 178 | 129 | 72.6 | 127 | 2 | 1.4 | 49 Vietnam theater.......................| 35 | 25 | (2) | 25 | - | (2) | 10 Outside the Vietnam theater...........| 143 | 104 | 72.7 | 102 | 2 | 1.7 | 39 Other war veterans......................| 339 | 44 | 13.0 | 44 | - | (2) | 295 Peacetime veterans........................| 929 | 665 | 71.6 | 638 | 27 | 4.1 | 264 | | | | | | | With service-connected disability.........| 125 | 73 | 58.2 | 71 | 2 | (2) | 52 Without service-connected disability......| 1,157 | 662 | 57.2 | 641 | 21 | 3.2 | 495 Presence of disability not reported.......| 164 | 103 | 62.9 | 97 | 6 | 5.9 | 61 | | | | | | | Nonveterans.................................| 100,345 | 60,989 | 60.8 | 58,078 | 2,911 | 4.8 | 39,356 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 Because of the aging of the population, there are no longer any Vietnam-era veterans under 35 years of age or any other war veterans under 55 years of age. 2 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000. NOTE: Female veterans are women who served in the Armed Forces during the Vietnam era, the Korean war, World Wars I and II, and all other service periods. Nonveterans are women who have never served in the Armed Forces. Information on specific periods of service appears in the Technical Note of this release. A service-connected disability is a health condition or impairment caused or made worse by military service. The associated disability rating, which can range from 0 to 100 percent, is determined from a rating schedule published in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, "Title 38." Additional information on periods of service and service-connected disability ratings also appears in the Technical Note ot this release. Data for total women, 18 years and over, and nonveterans reflect revised population controls used in the Current Population Survey effective with January 1997 estimates. Dash represents zero. Table 9. Employment status of veterans 18 years old and over by year of discharge from the Armed Forces, sex, race, and Hispanic origin, September 1997, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | Civilian labor force | _______________________________________________________________________ | | | | Civilian | | | | | Year of discharge, sex, race, | noninsti- | | | Employed | Unemployed | Not in _______________________________________________ and Hispanic origin | tutional | | Percent | | | labor | population| Total | of | | | | | force | | | population| | Percent | | Percent | | | | | Total | of | Number | of | | | | | | population| |labor force| ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | TOTAL | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Prior to 1965.................| 10,547 | 3,343 | 31.7 | 3,223 | 30.6 | 121 | 3.6 | 7,204 1965 to 1974..................| 5,416 | 4,437 | 81.9 | 4,340 | 80.1 | 97 | 2.2 | 979 1975 to 1984..................| 2,656 | 2,305 | 86.8 | 2,211 | 83.3 | 93 | 4.0 | 351 1985 to 1989..................| 1,250 | 1,144 | 91.5 | 1,103 | 88.3 | 41 | 3.6 | 106 1990 to 1993..................| 1,430 | 1,302 | 91.1 | 1,249 | 87.3 | 54 | 4.1 | 128 1994 to 1997..................| 896 | 802 | 89.5 | 749 | 83.6 | 53 | 6.6 | 94 Year not available............| 3,422 | 2,076 | 60.7 | 1,992 | 58.2 | 85 | 4.1 | 1,345 | | | | | | | | Men | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Prior to 1965.................| 10,183 | 3,268 | 32.1 | 3,149 | 30.9 | 119 | 3.6 | 6,915 1965 to 1974..................| 5,325 | 4,382 | 82.3 | 4,285 | 80.5 | 97 | 2.2 | 943 1975 to 1984..................| 2,420 | 2,121 | 87.6 | 2,034 | 84.0 | 88 | 4.1 | 299 1985 to 1989..................| 1,090 | 1,031 | 94.6 | 993 | 91.1 | 39 | 3.8 | 59 1990 to 1993..................| 1,212 | 1,132 | 93.4 | 1,089 | 89.8 | 43 | 3.8 | 80 1994 to 1997..................| 762 | 703 | 92.2 | 654 | 85.7 | 49 | 7.0 | 60 Year not available............| 3,178 | 1,933 | 60.8 | 1,854 | 58.4 | 79 | 4.1 | 1,245 | | | | | | | | Women | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Prior to 1965.................| 365 | 76 | 20.8 | 74 | 20.3 | 2 | 2.1 | 289 1965 to 1974..................| 91 | 55 | 60.4 | 55 | 60.4 | - | (1) | 36 1975 to 1984..................| 236 | 183 | 77.8 | 177 | 75.3 | 6 | 3.1 | 52 1985 to 1989..................| 160 | 112 | 70.3 | 111 | 69.1 | 2 | 1.7 | 48 1990 to 1993..................| 218 | 170 | 77.9 | 160 | 73.3 | 10 | 6.0 | 48 1994 to 1997..................| 134 | 99 | 74.1 | 96 | 71.5 | 3 | 3.4 | 35 Year not available............| 244 | 143 | 58.8 | 137 | 56.3 | 6 | 4.2 | 100 | | | | | | | | White | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Prior to 1965.................| 9,773 | 3,125 | 32.0 | 3,025 | 31.0 | 99 | 3.2 | 6,648 1965 to 1974..................| 4,888 | 4,068 | 83.2 | 3,989 | 81.6 | 79 | 2.0 | 820 1975 to 1984..................| 2,225 | 1,930 | 86.7 | 1,880 | 84.5 | 50 | 2.6 | 295 1985 to 1989..................| 1,037 | 942 | 90.9 | 910 | 87.7 | 32 | 3.4 | 95 1990 to 1993..................| 1,117 | 1,026 | 91.8 | 972 | 87.0 | 54 | 5.2 | 91 | | | | | | | | 1994 to 1997..................| 723 | 647 | 89.5 | 607 | 84.0 | 40 | 6.2 | 76 Year not available............| 2,816 | 1,656 | 58.8 | 1,599 | 56.8 | 58 | 3.5 | 1,159 | | | | | | | | Black | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Prior to 1965.................| 617 | 177 | 28.6 | 155 | 25.1 | 21 | 12.1 | 441 1965 to 1974..................| 414 | 301 | 72.8 | 284 | 68.6 | 18 | 5.8 | 113 1975 to 1984..................| 358 | 313 | 87.4 | 276 | 77.0 | 37 | 11.9 | 45 1985 to 1989..................| 150 | 139 | 93.0 | 139 | 92.6 | 1 | 0.5 | 10 1990 to 1993..................| 281 | 245 | 87.1 | 245 | 87.1 | - | - | 36 1994 to 1997..................| 122 | 107 | 87.7 | 99 | 81.5 | 8 | 7.1 | 15 Year not available............| 521 | 363 | 69.7 | 340 | 65.2 | 24 | 6.5 | 158 | | | | | | | | Hispanic origin | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Prior to 1965.................| 234 | 87 | 37.3 | 75 | 32.1 | 12 | 13.9 | 147 1965 to 1974..................| 187 | 161 | 86.0 | 153 | 81.9 | 8 | 4.7 | 26 1975 to 1984..................| 111 | 99 | 89.7 | 95 | 86.0 | 4 | 4.2 | 11 1985 to 1989..................| 81 | 75 | 93.2 | 71 | 88.2 | 4 | 5.4 | 5 1990 to 1993..................| 84 | 81 | 95.6 | 68 | 80.9 | 12 | 15.4 | 4 1994 to 1997..................| 76 | 73 | 96.4 | 64 | 84.3 | 9 | (1) | 3 Year not available............| 156 | 87 | 56.0 | 81 | 51.6 | 7 | 7.8 | 69 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000. NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served in the Armed Forces during the Vietnam era, the Korean war, World Wars I and II, and all other service periods. Information on specific periods of service appears in the Technical Note of this release. Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. Dash represents zero.