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5-1. The AAMDC requires robust communications systems to conduct TAMD operations and execute its mission. These systems, which include both internal and external communications, allow the AAMDC to effectively plan, conduct, coordinate, and synchronize TAMD operations with Army, joint and multinational forces. These systems facilitate the exchange of C4I information and allow TAMD operations to be performed in a timely and efficient manner.

5-2. The mission of the G6 section is to plan, organize, develop, coordinate, and maintain mission-essential communications. This facilitates interoperability with ARFOR, joint and multinational elements in support of a coherent TAMD.

5-3. The G6 has numerous responsibilities to fulfill in order to execute AAMDC C4I requirements. These include basic G6 responsibilities described in FMs 24-1 and 101-5 as well as the following AAMDC-related responsibilities. The G6:

• Determines requirements and recommends methods to provide internal and external communications to support AAMDC operational requirements.
• Coordinates with the supporting communications infrastructure as necessary to provide data and communications support to the AAMDC.
• Monitors the allocation and resourcing of theater-specific communications requirements for joint and combined integrated air and missile defense systems.
• Monitors the allocation, distribution, and use of communications security (COMSEC) equipment devices and the implementation of signal operating instructions (SOI) within the AAMDC.
• Coordinates frequency allocations and assignments for the AAMDC.
• Consolidates and coordinates theater ADA unit planning and participation in the theater multitactical digital information link (multi-TADIL) architecture (for example, the TADIL-J/A/B network).
• Plans and coordinates communications operations, including preparation of the signal annex to standing operating procedures (SOPs), OPORDs, and plans.
• Oversees implementation of automated information systems (AIS) in support of the AAMDC information systems security program.
• Coordinates with the theater signal command/brigade a reachback capability to the sustaining base, in theater tactical voice and data communications, and access to commercial circuits.
• Coordinates with the senior Army G6/J6 theater service component and the joint command control communications (JCCC) cell for C⁴I network support for any joint exercise or operation.

5-4. Functions of the G6 section are communications planning, communications operations, and automation management and information systems security. The organizational structure of the G6 is shown in Figure 5-1.

5-5. G6 planning begins with the commander's estimate of the situation, objectives, and overall concept of operations. It also takes into consideration METT-TC and any existing in-theater communications architectures. The G6 plans and coordinates with the Army G6/J6 theater service components, the JCCC, and the designated joint interface control officer (JICO) to submit common user or dedicated voice and data requirements.

5-6. The G6 section reviews the mission and operations order, ensures current internal communications will allow execution of TAMD operations within the TOC, and plans external communications to meet the METT-TC aspects of the overall TAMD mission. The force projection operations cycle (see Chapter 3), may allow time to make adjustments to internal communications requirements such as software upgrades, power conversion, and terrain database uploads, and thus allow the TOC to be fully mission capable upon arrival in theater. The G6 ensures AAMDC field standing operating procedures (FSOPs) provide basic information on TOC emplacement, internal communications procedures, and external communications requirements.

5-7. Overall planning responsibilities of the G6 are to:

• Plan C⁴I integration of US ADA forces and any assigned or attached joint and multinational forces as part of the integrated air defense system (IADS).
• Oversee planning of the Army multi-TADIL network design requirements. Coordinate the integration of the Army TADILs into the joint TADIL network.
• Review and update Army TAMD communications support plans for appropriate supported CINC exercises and contingencies at the component and joint level.
• Coordinate integration of new/emerging technologies within the AMDPCS-based AAMDC TOC.
• Advise the AAMDC commander on related signal doctrine and initiatives pertaining to EAC and joint and multinational level TAMD connectivity.

5-8. To support AAMDC operations, AAMDC communications are established and maintained using all available media, including tactical service component, sustaining base, strategic, commercially-leased, multinational, and host nation communications. The required communications must support high-speed data systems with massive data storage, retrieval, and dissemination capabilities. The following types of information are exchanged:

• Situational Awareness (SA)-consisting of an air picture, ground picture, and alerting and early warning.
• Command and Control (C²)-consisting of command, operational control, and tactical control. Although a part of C², engagement operations are not executed by the AAMDC. The AAMDC focuses on TAMD force operations.
• Operations and Intelligence (O&I)-consisting of coordination, orders, reports, static intelligence, dynamic intelligence, and targeting information.
• Administrative/Logistics (A/L)-consisting of sustaining information, personnel and unit information, supply, and status reports.

5-9. Overall operational responsibilities of the G6 are to:

• Manage access to the sustaining base; to operational and strategic information networks; and to baseline distributed information services required to support AAMDC and subordinate units within the theater area common user system (ACUS) architecture, and in the future, within the framework of the Army warfighter information network (WIN). This includes engaging in information assurance throughout its battlespace to support TAMD current operations.
• Manage ADA information network support interfaces with joint and multinational forces, and host nation support interfaces to provide seamless telecommunications support for sharing releasable common information within the battlespace.
• Provide guidance to subordinate units and supporting signal elements on ADA-supported communications systems and network priorities of effort for installation and restoration, frequency coordination, deconfliction, and reporting. In the absence of an Army component representative or when required, provide representation to the JCCC cell.
• Make available personnel to serve as Army interface control officers (ICOs) to assist in a theater JICO support cell that would activate and collocate under authority of the AADC. At least three personnel should be trained and available to support 24-hour JICO cell operations.
• Manage the AAMDC COMSEC account. This includes acting as the distribution authority for COMSEC material received from Army, joint and multinational activities required by subordinate ADA activities.
• Promulgate, publish, and distribute SOIs for use by theater ADA activities (AD bBrigades, Bbattalions, Bbatteries and Ddetachments) that assign use radio frequencies and call signs required for strategic and tactical radio operations.

5-10. Automation management and information systems security functions require proper planning, established procedural safeguards, and continual oversight from the G6 section. The G6:

• Oversees baseline configuration management of required automation systems for AAMDC headquarters and EAC ADA units. AAMDC's promulgation of C⁴I standards for equipment and software requirements and equipment configurations must be consistent with that of the theater's, in order to support a seamless architecture and facilitate a transition to a rapid unit task reorganization should one be required.
• Supervises the AAMDC AIS security program. The focus is on protection of the AAMDC's portion of the defense information infrastructure (DII) that and includes unclassified and classified local area networks as well as protection of standalone workstations.
• Supervises the AAMDC information modernization management plan (IMMP). The IMMP's framework entails identifying automation technical requirements; identifying current capabilities, including interoperability and shortfalls; identifying and analyzing evolving information system technologies for near-, mid-, and far-term applications; and recommending automation solutions to resolve shortfalls and enhance interoperability.

5-11. The AAMDC maintains organic subscriber equipment for common and dedicated ("dial-and-hold") voice and data support, acquires evolving technology and systems, and tasks for signal equipment in accordance with its contingency missions. The AAMDC requires external signal support connectivity to a network-centric C⁴I joint theater communications system to provide vertical and horizontal connectivity with Army, joint, and multinational elements and subordinate ADA elements for joint or combined operations. The AAMDC may require external signal support connectivity to support subordinate ADA elements as well.

5-12. Internal communications consist of various types of equipment including radios, telephones, data devices, and digital information processors. This equipment is an integral part of the TOC (AMDPCS) and enables the AAMDC staff to access and exchange critical information from unclassified and classified voice and data networks. The equipment, with few exceptions, is DII-COE compliant and utilizes approved protocols. The Army common hardware/software (telephones, headsets, radios, antennas, computer system hardware, software, databases, applications, and local area network equipment) is organic to the AAMDC. To improve battle command situational awareness, newly developed equipment and information technology are integrated into TOC operations, often on an experimental or evaluative basis. The G6 manages emplacement and maintenance of internal TOC communications and information systems.

5-13. External communications consist of assigned, attached, or supporting communications systems external to the AAMDC TOC. This includes any assigned or attached signal battalions, tactical satellite communications, commercial communications as well as theater networks such as the ACUS, joint multi-TADIL networks and voice networks required to support the joint multi-TADIL networks.

5-14. The AAMDC requires theater-level tactical signal support consisting of multichannel voice, high-speed data, video, and imagery to assigned and attached ADA brigades and active air defense units. Signal support for the AAMDC will be provided by theater signal forces. Supporting theater signal infrastructure will provide the assured access and speed of service requirements associated with AAMDC C⁴ operations. These forces must accommodate a mix of switching and long-haul transmission-capable systems/modular packages, and must be capable of providing a bandwidth on demand to support critical information exchange requirements, including the common operational picture, video teleconferencing, and automated decision support.

5-15. To support beyond-line-of-sight (BLOS) operations, the AAMDC requires a single-channel tactical satellite (TACSAT) system to operate as a dedicated voice C² and AMD Coordination Net with deployed AMD units throughout the AOR (see Figure 5-2). The AAMDC is the net control station (NCS) for this net,. which This net is essential during early entry and subsequent phases of an operation to transmit critical operational information to AMD units, logistical support locations, and joint C⁴I facilities. The TACSAT is the only material solution that will provide the required communications connectivity to units and facilities deployed throughout the geographical area of operations. Past battlefield experience has demonstrated that the early deployment of AMD forces into a theater results in AMD communications requirements that exceed the capability of the supporting signal forces and results in degraded mission defense posture. The deployments in these theaters exceed the normal doctrinal distances for current organic communication relay capabilities and are in areas that have limited ACUS (or austere commercial backbone) support, thereby preventing line-of-sight communications and data systems from assured connectivity. In addition to ADA TACSAT being a critical link during early phases of a deployment, single channel TACSAT is required to support sustainment operations in theaters where a reduced US and multinational force presence has resulted in severely reduced communications support and degraded ADA C². TACSAT radios will be required as an organic resource to the ADA brigades, battalions, and batteries. Each Patriot battery will require a terminal for use in early entry operations or for designated master battery operations as part of a mission-tailored AMD Task Force.

5-16. The AAMDC operates a command operations very high frequency-frequency modulation single channel ground and airborne radio system (VHF-FM SINCGARS) radio net during periods of mobility, initial site emplacement and when terrestrial-based communications are threatened or are inoperative. Because the AAMDC is a theater echelon unit, only a minimum number of radios are required. Because the individual operational cells may be required to move separately, separate radios will be needed where indicated. Participants in the net are shown in Figure 5-3.

5-17. The AAMDC operates an admin-log VHF-FM SINCGARS radio net during periods of mobility, initial site emplacement and when terrestrial based communications are threatened or are inoperative. The primary purpose of this net is to facilitate logistical support for the AAMDC, subordinate AD brigade (and battalions), and to meet the needs of the HHB AAMDC. Participants in the net are shown in Figure 5-4 on the following page.

5-18. To support operational requirements for external intertheater and intratheater communications sustaining base support, the AAMDC requires voice and data (wide and narrow band) access to commercial long-distance service as well as a tie-in to a host nation's communications infrastructure.

5-19. The AAMDC operates with specialized leased communications and emerging technologies such as use of the net trunking radio system, cellular phones, and/or international maritime satellite (INMARSAT) terminal.

5-20. Normally, a T-1 connection (1.544 megahertz bandwidth telecommunications channel) or larger will be required for secret internet protocol router network (SIPRNET) connectivity into a theater of operations. The senior Army G6/J6 component in theater validates AAMDC technical requirements, while the JCCC coordinates with the theater signal command (TSC) for signal support and availability. Pre-positioned and non-organic on-site signal units/modular packages are OPCON to the TSC's joint systems control (JSYSCON) for technical direction and reporting, since as the AAMDC does not have the resources nor the management functions to plan or engineer these additional assets into the external networks.

5-21. Theater networks are characterized by a broad-based set of joint users who access database information from multiple sources via an information network grid (for example, an interconnected set of networks and systems for information services). The network-centric grid system consists of sensor grids (for example, grids from space-, air-, sea-, and ground-based sensors generating battlespace awareness); engagement grids (for example, grids of air-, sea-, and ground-based shooters exploiting battlespace awareness); and an information grid currently comprised of multiple-force ACUS communication systems. In the future, it will also consist of WIN component system thread's supporting computational and/or control nodes that synchronize live combat power and simulations for battlespace awareness. The AAMDC must be able to access the network-centric grid system through a variety of "push" or "pull" operations by its four operational elements. There may also be an operational benefit to using the emerging broadcast systems such as the global broadcast system (GBS), which might be used as a large throughput communications system to either "pull" large databases or facilitate wide-area dissemination of critical, time-sensitive information such as TBM early warnings.

5-22. Guiding principles for AAMDC connectivity to the theater are that its communications and automated information systems be:

• Sufficiently flexible to accommodate expansion of TAMD-phased operations.
• Joint and multinational capable.
• Robust, redundant, and real-time.
• Supported with data integrity and security.
• Accessible and sustainable for increased velocity of information or high data infrastructure capacity.
• Supported with a comprehensive and wide-ranging backplane (backbone network).

5-23. An example of an existing "smart-push" information feed is the intelligence broadcast service (IBS). The IBS will subsume the tactical information broadcast service (TIBS), the tactical receive equipment and related applications data dissemination system (TDDS), the tactical reconnaissance intelligence exchange system (TRIXS) and several other legacy systems with the fielding of the joint tactical terminal (JTT) radio. The JTT is presently used in the attack operations cell for IPB and in the current operations cell for situational awareness, launch data, and predictive analysis. An example of an existing "intelligent- pull" feed is the logistic and sustainment data requested from a database by various units and users. Both "push" and "pull" information feeds are representative of the spectrum of available information exchange/automated decision sources that support theater operations.

5-24. Figure 5-5 on the following page shows AAMDC ACUS service requirements within a theater. Information entries correlate with the previously discussed general categories of information: situational awareness, C², operations and intelligence, and administrative/logistics. The AAMDC C² and support systems include both communications and automation systems for access to intertheater and/or intratheater common-user services. The AAMDC's connectivity into the theater communications system relies on the ACUS. The ACUS, primary provider for the Army EAC ADA community, assures AAMDC users access to theater level network switching, gateway access, and redundancy to robustly support TAMD operations. AAMDC users own and operate the requisite subscriber terminals that connect to external information systems. Automated data systems and terminals use the various means of connectivity to support all facets of planning and operations. Appendix A describes the automated systems that rely on connectivity to other external and internal systems or terminals.

5-25. Operationally, the single most important network to the AAMDC is the multi-TADIL network, sometimes referred to as the joint data network (JDN). It is used almost exclusively for distributing air picture data and C² data such as real-time tracks, unit status information, engagement status, and engagement operations orders among joint service TAMD systems and C² level nodes. While the net has a JCS mandate to migrate to a total TADIL-J network, several participants continue to utilize TADIL-A/Link 11A and TADIL-B/Link 11B. However, until all participants have TADIL-J capability, non TADIL-J units may enter the network using TADIL-A and/or TADIL-B. When all joint TAMD systems are connected via TADIL-J, coalition forces may continue to use legacy systems. For this reason, and for continuity of operations, the legacy capabilities of TADIL A and TADIL B will be retained.

5-26. Figure 5-6 illustrates a typical JDN architecture, with primary and alternative links/paths. TADIL-A and TADIL-B links are generally for systems not yet TADIL-J (JTIDS) capable and for back-up or secondary network contingencies. The serial TADIL-J is used to exchange data in TADIL-J format over long-haul media such as ACUS, cable, or satellite. Currently, serial TADIL-J provides a limited capability for theater data exchange until a JTIDS range extension (JRE) capability becomes available. JRE will provide extended range connectivity between Army, joint, and multinational units within a theater of operations. It will enable TADIL-J information to be exchanged over distances greater than 30 km or over lesser distances in areas where the line-of-sight is restricted by mountains, vegetation, buildings, or other terrain features (natural or manmade).

5-27. The CJCS Manual 6120.01B, Joint Multi-Tactical Digital Information Link (TADIL) Operating Procedures (JMTOP), mandates an operational requirement for several supporting, servicing, and overhead voice networks for TADIL participants in the JDN. These nets are used to oversee JDN operations, manage and control the net, and ensure air picture quality. Two of these nets-the air defense command and control net (ADCCN) and the track supervision net (TSN)-are often single channel TACSAT based because of the requirement to communicate BLOS. A third-the data coordination net (DCN)-is a voice network that operates via dial-and-hold circuits over the ACUS.

5-28. The ADCCN, illustrated in Figure 5-7, is used to disseminate changes to the area air defense plan. This includes changes to tactical operational data (TACOPDAT) defined positions, responsibilities or status. Examples of information passed over the ADCCN are missile engagement zone activation or deactivation, cross-boundary engagements, voice reporting of alert status or weapon release conditions, changes to surveillance areas or track production areas, etc.

5-29. The TSN, illustrated in Figure 5-8, is used by the track data coordinator (TDC) to ensure all data reported on the interface is promptly reported, reported in the correct location, reported by only one unit, and that the reported data is correct. The TSN should be monitored by all units that input track data to the joint interface.

5-30. The DCN is used by the ICO to manage and coordinate the multi-TADIL interface. The DCN is established over telephone circuits and connects the ICO or his representative with participants from the following Army AMD organizations: AAMDC G6; ADA brigades; Patriot and SHORAD battalions, AMD task forces; and THAAD batteries.

5-31. The joint tactical information distribution system (JTIDS) Class 2 radio (the Army uses the AN/GSQ 240 Class 2M model) is a computerized radio developed to provide joint forces with a high-speed, high-volume information transfer system, with characteristics especially suited to TAMD operations. It requires a separate computer to initialize and monitor its operation, and a separate information processing system to drive and interpret its outgoing and incoming information. The AAMDC uses its JTIDS radio primarily to monitor the air picture from the JDN. The AAMDC plays a key role in the JDN's planning. The JDN must be coordinated, planned, and designed in advance of implementation. The Army ICO, residing in the G6 staff, coordinates with Army AMD units, the Army AMD network design facility (NDF), and the JICO to plan the network design.

5-32. C⁴I for the AAMDC mission must be accomplished using existing joint and service C⁴I systems and resources efficiently to ensure integration with other operational functions and to optimize scarce resources. The C⁴I system enables and integrates TAMD operations. It provides timely threat assessment, tactical warning, mission assignment, targeting data, and post-strike assessment. TAMD C⁴I capabilities must support the principles of centralized planning, decentralized execution, and coordinated efforts by forces assigned TAMD tasks. There is an absolute requirement for vertical and horizontal technical and procedural interoperability, both from a joint and multinational aspect. AAMDC relies on supporting theater signal infrastructure to provide assured access and speed of service requirements associated with AAMDC C⁴ operations. The G6 is the focal point for properly planning, coordinating, and overseeing the integration of requested services into the AAMDC network-centric portion in theater.