1989 Department of the Army Historical Summary

Cover, Department of the Army Historical Summary, Fiscal Year 1989

Department of the Army
Historical Summary

Fiscal Year 1989

Vincent H. Demma

Edited by

Susan Carroll

CENTER OF MILITARY HISTORY
UNITED STATES ARMY
WASHINGTON, D.C., 1998

The Library of Congress has cataloged
this serial publication as follows:

Library of Congress Catalog Card 75-09647561

ISSN 0092-7880

CMH Pub 101-21

Contents

Chapter	..	Page
1.	INTRODUCTION: THE ARMY OF THE 1980s	3
2.	THE ARMY AND NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY	11
..	Introduction	11
	The Army as a Strategic Force in NATO	13
	The Strategic Environment and the Soviet Threat	18
	Regional Threats	23
	International Terrorism and Espionage	25
	Conclusion	26
3.	ORGANIZATION AND BUDGET	29
..	Headquarters, Department of the Army	29
	Major Army Commanders and the Unified Commands	32
	FY 1989 Budget	38
	FY 1990 Budget Outlook	41
	Conclusion	42
4.	DOCTRINE AND CONCEPTS	45
..	AirLand Battle Doctrine	45
	AirLand Battle-Future	49
	The Army and Joint Doctrine	51
	Combined Operations in NATO	55
	Low-Intensity Conflict	55
	Secuirty Assistance	57
	The Army in Space	58
	Conclusion	61
5.	FORCE STRUCTURE	63
..	Introduction	63
	Force Structure and Readiness	64
	Mobilization Planning	66
	Heavy Units	68
	Light Divisions	69
	Conversion of the 9th Infantry Division (Motorized)	72
	Artillery and Rocket Forces	73
iii

Chapter	...	Page
...	Special Operations Forces	76
	Army Aviation	79
	Combat Support and Combat Service Support	82
	The Engineers	84
	Conclusion	85
6.	OPERATIONS	87
...	Introduction	87
	Central America	87
	Middle East	91
	Asia	92
	Security and Counterterrorism	93
	Assistance to Civil Authorities	94
	Civil Works	99
	Drug Interdictions and Enforcement	102
	Army Safety Issues	104
	Conclusion	106
7.	MANPOWER	109
...	Strength and Demographics	109
	Recruitment and Retention	110
	Enlisted Personnel	115
	Unit Manning	121
	Officers	122
	Warrant Officers	128
	Women in the Army	129
	Retirees and Transition Programs	131
	Miscellaneous Personnel Issues	132
	Civilian Manpower	133
	Conclusion	139
8.	RESERVE COMPONENTS	137
...	Introduction	137
	Command and Control	139
	Manpower and Force Structure	141
	Recruitment and Retention	145
	Budget Issues	148
	Readiness	149
	Training	152
	Antidrug Operations	157
	Conclusion	159
iv
...
Chapter	...	Page
9.	QUALITY OF LIFE ISSUES	161
...	Introduction	161
	Pay and Housing	161
	Army Communities of Excellence Program	164
	Environmental Concerns	165
	Medical Benefits and Health Problems	166
	Family Support Programs	171
	Marital Status and Gender Issues	175
	Morale, Welfare, and Recreation (MWR) Program	176
	Commissaries	178
	Discipline Indicators	179
	Conclusion	181
10.	LOGISTICS	183
...	International and Cooperative Logistics	186
	Supply, Maintenance, Transportaion, and Fuel	188
	Construction, Installation Management, Base Realignments, and Closings	191
	Subsistence and Clothing	196
	Chemical Weapons Destruction	198
	Conclusion	199
11.	MODERNIZATION: RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND ACQUISITION	201
...	Introduction	201
	The Acquisition Process	203
	Research, Development, and Technological Change	205
	Unmanned Ground and Aerial Vehicles	207
	Directed Energy and Thermal Technologies	210
	Armor/Antiarmor	213
	Air Defense	220
	Army Aviation	224
	Field Artillery and Missile Systems	227
	Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C³I)	233
	Medical Support	241
	Tactical and Nontactical Wheeled Vehicles	242
	Engineer Equipment	243
	Individual Weapons	244
	Conclusion	245
12.	TRAINING	247
	Introduction	247
v
...
Chapter		Page
...	Individual Training	249
	Unit Training	254
	Army Exercise Program	257
	Range Modernization	262
	Training Devices, Simulators, and Simulation	263
	Conclusion	264
13.	CONCLUSION	267
	GLOSSARY	271
...	APPENDIX
	Organization of the Department of the Army

	Tables
No.		Page
1.	The FY 1989 Army Budget	40
2.	Active Army Force Structure, FY 1989	64
3.	Active Duty Army Personnel by Grade, 30 September 1989	110
4.	Army Enlisted Accessions, FY 1988 and FY 1989, by Gender	113
5.	Enlisted Accesstions, FY 1989, by Race	113
6.	Elapsed Time for Officer Promotion, 1984-1989	124
7.	Selected Reserve Medical Personnel Strenghts by Specialty	147
8.	Disciplinary Indicators	180
9.	Base Realignments and Closures	194

	Charts
1.	Unified Command Organization	36

	vi

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