Newark Athlete

Made in May or June, 1891, this is an experimental film shot by William Kennedy Laurie Dickson and William Heise at Edison's Black Maria studios. Edison had just shown the 'Dickson Greeting' film to the ladies of the National Federation of Women's Clubs. For Dickson and Heise, it was back to the lab to continue working on films, and to get some of them eventually fit for public viewing.

What remains of this film today is in fairly poor shape and the action appears to be cut-off. It might have just been a test of what different types of motion looked like when shot by their Kinetograph camera and viewed through the Kinetoscope peephole viewer. As such, it was likely one of many experimental films which were important to gradually get a sense of what types of motions are interesting to watch on film.

In compare with other Edison (Dickson) installaments, this footage for me is poorest (eventually better than Monkeyshines). Quality is bad and in comparison with Men's Boxing it doesn't show any progress, quite to the contrary. Good things that film brings to me is increasing of my general knowledge. Until now I have no idea what Indian clubs are and what is their purpose. Second thing about that movie is that this movie was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". It is currently the oldest film chosen to be in this Registry.

Between the years of 1888 and 1889, American inventor Thomas Alva Edison became very interested in developing a device able to show "motion pictures". It was known that a french inventor named Louis Le Prince had made a movie in Leeds, England, in 1888; and Edison wanted to know how to make his own. Soon the idea came to him and he began working on his devise, however, he lost interest in it as he couldn't see any potential in the invention. Fortunately, one of his collaborators, Scottish inventor William K.L. Dickson decided to take the project and in 1890 he developed what would later be known as the Kinetoscope, a devise that showed short movies through the window of a cabinet. However, the movies Dickson made wasn't of a good quality, so he spent the following years trying to make something as good (or better) than what Le Prince had achieved. Many experiments were done, and by 1891, Dickson and his team were almost there.

After the moderate success of his "Monkeyshines" experiments, Dickson knew he was able to capture images and reproduce them in his Kinetoscope, now all he had to do was to improve the quality of his movies. 1891 would be a year of constant experimenting, in hopes of showing the invention at the Chicago's World Fair. And among the films that Dickson was able to make during those years was this experimental movie codenamed "Newark Athlete". This movie depicted a man, apparently an athlete (although he could had been one of Edison's workers) as does some exercises swinging the clubs he has in each of his hands. The man raises the heads of clubs and keeps moving them for as long as the movie lasts, obviously hoping that his movements were being captured by the camera.

Like most of Dickson's experiments, there was no plot or theme in the film, as this movies weren't meant to be shown to the public. The main purpose of the film is to check if the camera was able to capture the movements of the athlete, and to measure elements such as lighting, the quality of the lenses, the film and the recording speed. When compared to the "Monkeyshines" films, this movie shows a notorious improvement in the quality of the film, as the image not only moves at a fluid speed, it's almost as clear as Dickson intended. It wouldn't take him too long before he was able to make short films the way he wanted, and soon in that year he would make the first Kinetoscope movie shown to an audience: "Dickson Greeting", where he was welcoming us to the era of Kinetoscope. 6/10

An athlete swings Indian clubs.

There is not much to say about this because it is very brief, very damaged and not much happens -- a pair of clubs spin a couple times. I suspect this was an important early film test, but it is in such awful shape today that it pretty much negates whatever value it has as historic.

I have to wonder how Edison and Dickson went about choosing their earliest subjects. Why a man with clubs? For how brief the film is, he could have been jumping rope or swinging a bat. It really makes no difference because he is not given enough time to really exhibit any skill.

With "Newark Athlete" of 1891, the experimentation with the Kinetograph improves. Having already come to the success of good picture quality with "Dickson Greeting" and the Duncan trilogy the same year, Edison was now finally able to test motion abilities. In the previously mentioned "Dickson Greeting" the movement made by the hat which motion pictures pioneer William Kennedy Dickson passes from one hand to the next is slow and smoothly done; here, a different type of motion is tested. The movement of the Indian clubs that the young athlete swings is quick-moving and different from that of the previous test, and, like before, it is successful in achieving its goal.

Oddly enough, it is not known who the athlete of the title is. Even without his name, I find it already pretty strange that Edison would go to the trouble of hiring a athlete from Newark (if that's really were he came from) to come down and perform the camera test. He could just as easily have gotten one of his factory workers to mimic the role (as he did with "Men Boxing") but no. Additionally, like the other camera tests from 1890-1891, it's possible none of them originally had titles and were merely given labels for the sake of the Kino DVD set (hence the '[' at the beginning and end of the titles on the menus). How then were they able to identify this young man as being from Newark?

Lastly, I would like to point one more thing out. The Edison set disk has a different camera test from the ones available online. The test available on disk is very short, damaged and only shows a very small movement from the athlete. The library of congress film available online is a different story and features an entire swing from the clubs (and also has darker lighting than the other). I guess it is possible two tests of the same subject were taken, thus creating two different film fragments to be projected.