Comedian director/writer and actor Roscoe Arbuckle had just signed a lucrative extension contract with Paramount Pictures in late summer of 1921 to produced 18 movies, making "Fatty" one of the highest paid people in Hollywood. To celebrate his signing, two friends arranged a party in San Francisco, reserving three hotel suites. Their guest list to the party included several actresses linked to the movie business.
One aspiring actress, 26-year-old Virginia Rappe, attended the September 5, 1921 ongoing celebration with a friend, Bambina Delmont. Rappe became sick and was throwing up in the toilet in Arbuckle's suite when the actor, he claimed, came in the room he was sharing with his friend to change his clothes. He carried her to his bed and asked friends for assistance in helping her. After a doctor had attended to her, she died two days later.
Normally her death would be treated as an accidental fatal illness attributed to her heavy drinking and her past addiction to drugs, alcohol and several abortions. But an aggressive state prosecutor who planned to run for California governor, and a press, especially newspaper mogul William Randolph Hearst, who saw a circulation stimulus right in his San Francisco backyard, chomped at the bit to indict and try Arbuckle in a salacious trial. The two forces were motivated by Ms. Delmont, a known grifter, extortionist and fraudster, who claimed Roscoe raped her friend in the most graphic terms.
Arbuckle underwent a grueling three-trial ordeal on manslaughter charges. The first trial, beginning on November 14, 1921, ended in a hung jury, with a 10-2 acquittal vote. The second trial, on January 11, 1922, with new evidence by Arbuckle's lawyers rebutting several claims of the prosecutor, didn't feel a need to put the actor on the stand, so convincing was their defense. That was a big mistake since the jury felt his refusal to personally testify was a sign of guilt and voted 10-2 to convict, still a hung jury verdict.
Arbuckle's team of lawyers decided to come into the third trial, held on March 13, 1922, with all guns ablazing. Unveiling the prosecution witnesses' dubious pasts and Rappe's sordid background, as well as Roscoe's convincing recollection of that September event on the witness stand, the jury unanimously decided on a not-guilty verdict. In fact, its members took a very unusual step in reading a prepared statement that "a great injustice has been done him..We wish him success and hope that the American people will take the judgment of fourteen men and woman who have sat listening for thirty-one days to evidence, that Roscoe Arbuckle is entirely innocent and free from all blame."
Unfortunately, because of the constant drumbeat of the press, an event where Hearst saw his chain of newspapers' circulation skyrocket writing in lurid, wildly-exaggerated detail of the Rappe's death, the public didn't see it that way. The movie industry was so shaken by the Arbuckle scandal along with religious organizations calling for federal censorship of movies, its members created the Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America (MPPDA). One of its functions was to self-censor its members' movies and lobby various state censor boards not to ban certain films. The new organization was headed by the former Postmaster General, William Hays. Six days after Fatty's not-guilty verdict, Hays banned him from ever working in movies again. In December 1922, once the hysteria died down and the public realized the innocence of Arbuckle, Hays lifted the ban.
Roscoe by that time was a broken man. He was heavily in debt from paying over $700,000 (in 1922 dollars) for lawyer fees, his wife divorced him and movie studios shunned him. He did direct several movies under the pseudonym "William Goddrich," but never attained the popularity he once enjoyed.
The eight months in 1921 before the incident that changed his life, Arbuckle made an aggressive seven feature films for Paramount movies. The movies were planned to be slowly released to the pubic in the fall of 1921, but by that time theater owners refused to show them. Paramount didn't save any of the prints of those feature films he made that year. Some were shown in Europe and the prints belong in private hands. The only viewable movie to the general public of the seven he made that year is "Leap Year." It gives an indication of the direction Arbuckle was heading by the dampening of the knockabout physicality of his humor for a more sublime comedy sustaining an hour's plot. He plays a nephew of a rich uncle who's hounded by women knowing his wealthy background. But Fatty is focused in on his only true love, which he's loyal to a fault. The untimely death of Rappe and the subsequent publicity and trials of Arbuckle begs the question of how Arbuckle's farcical maturity would have produced further classics he was capable of producing, and serves as one of cinema's greater tragic missing chapters.
