Nathalie Chazeaux is based on writer/director Mia Hansen-Løve's mother, Laurence Hansen-Løve who is a philosophy professor, and has written a book called Philosophy A to Z.
As Mia Hansen-Løve was basing the film on her mother's life she asked her mother to approve the script before she began filming. The one thing her mother had her change was the name of the cat. In the original script it was called Desdemona, after the cat it was based on, but her mother had her change it to Pandora to respect the cat's privacy.
In a scene, Nathalie (played by Isabelle Huppert) goes in a theater playing Abbas Kiarostami's Certified Copy (2010). Soon after that, Nathalie is approached by a stranger as if they somehow shared a relationship. Coincidentally in Certified Copy, the relationship between two lead characters takes a similar turn.
One of director Mia Hansen-Løve's rare early roles as an actress was playing Isabelle Huppert's daughter for one scene in the film Les Destinées (2000). When Huppert was cast she had forgotten they had previously worked together nearly 15 years earlier.
Shortly before Nathalie goes to watch a movie there is a shot of Constance Rousseau who played the lead role in Mia Hansen-Løve's debut film. Hansen-Løve said she originally intended the shot to be of Félix de Givry who starred in her previous film, but she thought it would be too distracting to include him.