When Reddington is inspecting the chamber the arms of the chair go from straight out to angled down in a cut,
Cooper returns to the President at 11.51pm but, in the next shot, when we then see Reddington it is 11.49pm.
Cooper says that the president of the German Federal Intelligence Service (BND) is a cabinet-level official. However, the German cabinet consists only of the chancellor and its ministers. The BND, as a Federal agency, sits below the cabinet and reports directly to the chancellery.
In the federal system, the time elapsed between sentencing and execution ("death row") is, on average, almost seven years. Reddington is scheduled to be executed within the duration of investigation of the same case. Having received death sentence, he would indeed be moved to Terra Haute, IN, for many months, if not years.
The bank in Luxembourg is called "Banque Vertrauen". In this mixed-up (French/German) context, that name (which translates to "bank trust") makes no sense.
People sentenced to death are not scheduled for execution in a short time frame as was shown. It normally takes years for such a sentence to be carried out.