The name of the book that the film is adopted from is originally "O". But since the book became more popular after the film, the later editions of the book had the title "Hakkari'de Bir Mevsim" together with the original name "O".
According to the date (12.05.1965) written on the blackboard in the classroom scene at the end, the movie takes place in the 1964-65 school year.