Cyfrin

If you’re preparing a Q1/Q2 launch, especially tokenised assets, liquidity systems, or governance-heavy protocols, now is the time to secure your audit. We're currently onboarding teams for early-quarter engagements. DM or get in touch: https://lnkd.in/dJEqXdN8

Not all audits are created equal. The difference has measurable impact. Teams choose Cyfrin because we combine: Threat-model-driven methodology Manual-dominant review Economic, architectural, and governance analysis Compliance-aware risk framing (increasingly relevant under new frameworks) Clear, actionable reporting Post-audit verification and support If you’re preparing for a launch or institutional integration, the audit partner you choose determines how much risk remains in your system. We build long-term trust by giving teams clarity, not uncertainty. Read what our audit partners have to say: https://lnkd.in/ePtGnC6U

MiCA will reshape the expectations placed on crypto projects operating in the EU and security teams need to adapt. MiCA forces issuers and protocol teams to formalise governance, operational resilience, token obligations, and security guarantees. This means smart-contract audits now form part of a project’s regulatory posture, not just its technical readiness. In our newest guide we outline what MiCA changes, how different categories of tokens are treated, and what teams should prioritise today if they want to stay compliant. 🔗 Read the full piece here: https://lnkd.in/dVZwSMh2

Institutions are entering digital assets with expectations shaped by regulated finance, but the underlying technology operates very differently. Cyfrin helps bridge those expectations by aligning: - Smart-contract security - Economic modelling - Governance analysis - Compliance exposure - Operational risk frameworks This is essential for institutions exploring tokenisation, settlement networks, digital asset issuance, or blockchain-based financial products. If you’re assessing blockchain integration, we can help you deploy securely and confidently. 🔗 Get in touch: https://lnkd.in/eGqBCM-n

The Ethereum Foundation released its comprehensive Trillion Dollar Security (1TS) report, serving as a blueprint for scaling Ethereum to support trillions of dollars in value. The vision? Billions of individuals holding $1,000+ on-chain. Enterprises and governments confidently storing and transacting within single smart contracts. But achieving this means addressing six critical security challenges: ✅ User experience vulnerabilities ✅ Smart contract security gaps ✅ Infrastructure risks ✅ Incident response limitations ✅ Consensus protocol challenges ✅ Governance and social layer coordination At Cyfrin, solving these problems has always been our mission. Here’s how we're contributing to Ethereum's security vision today: Preventing vulnerabilities before deployment: Our professional audits have secured billions in assets, but we go even further. Tools like Aderyn detect vulnerabilities in real-time during development, not after. Security-first education at scale: 200,000+ developers have learned through Cyfrin Updraft. Our courses integrate security best practices from day one, creating a generation of developers who build with security as a fundamental requirement, not an afterthought. Empowering users to protect themselves: The 1TS report identifies blind signing as a critical risk. Our Web3 Wallet Security Basics course teaches users how to verify transactions before signing, addressing this challenge directly. Ecosystem-wide collaboration: Through our work with Circle, Chainlink, Uniswap, PwC, and leading global institutions, we're building security standards and educating the next generation of security researchers. Centralizing security intelligence: Solodit aggregates vulnerabilities and audit findings from across the ecosystem, enabling faster threat detection and coordination. The bottom line: Securing Ethereum's future requires coordinated effort from every stakeholder; developers, protocols, users, researchers, and institutions. We're committed to providing the education, tools, and professional services that empower the entire ecosystem to build more securely. Trillion dollar security doesn't happen through audits alone. It happens when security becomes part of the culture. 🔗 https://lnkd.in/evak38aP

TradFi smart contract protocols can be “heavy” due to the defensive armor, tracking, and compliance checks required. For EVM-based protocols, the same DeFi gas optimization techniques apply. Part 7 in our series of TradFi audit findings looks into permissioned capital market (PCM) protocol gas optimization. Cache identical storage reads: Read a storage slot only once during each transaction. Cache common variables: Pass them to child functions instead of re-reading them from storage in child functions. Cache storage writes: Instead of writing to the same storage slot multiple times, update a local variable then write to storage once, at the end of the transaction. Avoid iterating over every list element: This is expensive and, in a worst-case scenario, can result in an out-of-gas, DoS. Use named return variables when it will optimize away a local variable declaration, especially for memory return variables. Prefer calldata to memory for read-only function inputs. Fail fast: Revert as quickly as possible with a minimum amount of storage reads or other code execution not related to the revert. Storage variables only set once in the constructor for non-upgradeable contracts should be declared immutable. Don’t initialize to default values. Enable the optimizer. Don’t copy entire structs from storage to memory when only a few fields are needed. Efficiently pack storage slots, especially where variables are read or written together. For a deeper dive into these and other categories of TradFi vulnerabilities, read the full post at: https://lnkd.in/eTVk3n9V Whether you’re a TradFi or DeFi protocol deploying on-chain, Cyfrin can help strengthen the security of your smart contracts, dApps, and protocols. Our world class team of LSRs have the expertise to support your team. Contact us today: https://lnkd.in/dJEqXdN8

In Rust-based ZK and Solana audits for permissioned capital market (PCM) protocols, we have identified a range of missing or under-constrained vulnerabilities. Part 6 in our series of TradFi audit findings identifies two instances of these. Precision manipulation: Missing mint checks allow an operator to mint an arbitrarily large number of shares in a vault and redeem them for real assets. Thus, draining the vault and diluting all users. Under-constrained zk circuits: Enabling the bypassing of a range of compliance checks. For a deeper dive into these and other categories of TradFi vulnerabilities, read the full post at: https://lnkd.in/eTVk3n9V Whether you’re a TradFi or DeFi protocol deploying on-chain, Cyfrin can help strengthen the security of your smart contracts, dApps, and protocols. Our world class team of LSRs have the expertise to support your team. Contact us today: https://lnkd.in/dJEqXdN8

Advanced permissioned capital market (PCM) protocols operate cross-chain allowing users to bridge credentials and tokenized RWAs to other blockchains. Part 5 in our series of TradFi audit findings we look into vulnerabilities found while auditing cross-chain PCM functionality. Insufficient source validation on the destination chain allows attackers to craft malicious messages, with valid data, triggering the minting of tokens on the destination chain. Edge-cases - Where transactions can be executed more than once on the destination chain. - That can break cross-chain user credential synchronization. Inability to re-try failed delivery on the destination chain resulting in tokens on the source chain being locked. Incorrect handling of block re-orgs that result in users receiving tokens on the destination chain but never surrender the tokens on the source chain due to a block re-org on the source chain. Identical cross-chain addresses on external chains associated with multiple investors on the source chain. Incorrect address validation for alt-L1s using different address formats that break the bridge. For a deeper dive into these and other categories of TradFi vulnerabilities, read the full post at: https://lnkd.in/eTVk3n9V Whether you’re a TradFi or DeFi protocol deploying on-chain, Cyfrin can help strengthen the security of your smart contracts, dApps, and protocols. Our world class team of LSRs have the expertise to support your team. Contact us today: https://lnkd.in/dJEqXdN8

TradFi protocols must be careful about round up fees, slippage parameters, precision scaling, and rounding down to zero errors. These are the same bugs we find in DeFi. Part 4 in our series of TradFi audit findings looks into input validation, rounding, slippage, and precision loss. Including: Missing or inadequate input validation allowing transactions on behalf of others. Precision loss due to division before multiplication and rounding down to zero that results in a loss of funds Missing slippage parameters When swap/liquidation output is based on dynamic exchange rates from certain providers, the result can be fewer output tokens than expected. Mismatched or missing precision scaling. We found TradFi vault implementations where the integration of NAV exchange rates led to critical vulnerabilities, including: - Critical mismatched or missing precision scaling where vault shares were returned using a smaller decimal precision incorrectly, leading to financial losses for users. - Redemptions returning output tokens used a larger decimal precision incorrectly, paying out larger amounts to users and leading to financial loss for the protocol. - Critical mismatched or missing precision scaling where liquidity checks revert due to comparing against values with mismatched decimal precision, preventing user redemptions. For a deeper dive into these and other categories of TradFi vulnerabilities, read the full post at: https://lnkd.in/eTVk3n9V Whether you’re a TradFi or DeFi protocol deploying on-chain, Cyfrin can help strengthen the security of your smart contracts, dApps, and protocols. Our world class team of LSRs have the expertise to support your team. Contact us today: https://lnkd.in/dJEqXdN8

Permissioned capital market (PCM) protocols must be carefully configured with fine-grained access controls and specific levels of privileged access for all users. Part 3 in our series of TradFi audit findings looks into privilege misconfiguration and escalation and the variety of bugs we’ve found in access control logic. Such as: Missing access controls: Where publicly callable, state-changing functions have no access control, when it should be limited to protocol admins only. These can be extremely damaging on functions used to change the addresses of important contracts. Missing overrides: Such that some inherited, publicly-callable state-changing functions from standard ERC-20 / ERC-721 / ERC-4626 contracts are accessible without restriction. Privilege escalation: Where a user that received some level of protocol access can exploit a bug in the access control system to gain additional, unauthorized, privileges. Fund managers can perform privileged actions for their own funds and funds they have no authorization to manage. Tokens that should be held only by KYC’d addresses can be transferred by normal users to non-KYC’d addresses, not registered to any user. Users can initiate actions such as “buy” or “sell” and direct the output tokens to non-KYC’d addresses in breach of compliance rules. When removing tracking hooks, permissioned roles were not revoked. Missing admin functions that would allow them to quickly respond in the event of a private key compromise. For a deeper dive into these, and other, categories of TradFi vulnerabilities, read the full post at: https://lnkd.in/eTVk3n9V Whether you’re a TradFi or DeFi protocol deploying on-chain, Cyfrin can help strengthen the security of your smart contracts, dApps, and protocols. Our world class team of LSRs have the expertise to support your team. Contact us today: https://lnkd.in/dJEqXdN8