GEN

Publications

Mon, 16 Mar 2026 16:31:00 -0400

Book chapter

A. Torres and maxSIMhealth Group (2021). An interconnected collective of manufacturing, design, and simulation labs to advance medical simulation training. In A. L. Brooks, S. Branham, B. Kapralos, A. Nakajima, J. Tyerman, and l. Jain (Eds.). Recent Advances in Technologies for Inclusive Well-Being: Virtual Patients, Gamification and Simulation. Springer-Verlag, Intelligent Systems Reference Library, vol. 196, Germany, pp. 141-176. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-59608-8_8

Refereed Journal Articles

A. K. Jolly, D. Selvarajah, J. Micallef, A. Torres and D. Button, “Adapting the Gamified Educational Networking Online Learning Management System to Test a Decentralized Simulation-Based Education Model to Instruct Paramedics-in-Training on the Emergency Intraosseous Access and Infusion Skill,” Cureus, Mar. 2024, vol. 16(3): e55493. doi:10.7759/cureus.55493
N. Guérard-Poirier, L. Meloche-Dumas, M. Beniey, A. Torres, B. Kapralos, M. Dhane, F. Mercier, R. Younan, A. Dubrowski, E. Patocskai. “The Exploration of Remote Simulation Strategies for the Acquisition of Psychomotor Skills in Medicine: a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial”, Discover Education, vol. 2, pp. 19, 2023, doi: 10.1007/s44217-023-00041-2
F. Pelletier, A. Torres, L. Meloche-Dumas, N. Guérard-Poirier, A. Kaviani, B. Kapralos, F. Mercier, A. Dubrowski, E. Patocskai. “The role of collaborative observational practice and feedback-discourse to promote remote acquisition of technical surgical skills”, Journal of Surgical Research, vol. 288, pp. 372-382, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2023.02.006
M. Habti, F. Bénard, L. Meloche-Dumas, S. Bérubé, D. Cadoret, A. Arutiunian, Y. Papas, A. Torres, B. Kapralos, F. Mercier, A. Dubrowski, E. Patocskai. “Hand Sewn Anastomosis Skill Acquisition and In Vivo Transfer Using 3D-Printed Small Bowel Simulator”, Journal of Surgical Research, vol. 288, pp. 225–232, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2023.03.004
V. Blouin, F. Bénard, F. Pelletier, S. Abdo, L. Meloche-Dumas, B. Kapralos, A. Dubrowski, E. Patocskai. “Optimizing the Learner’s Role in Feedback: Development of a Feedback-Preparedness Online Application for Medical Students in the Clinical Setting”. Technical Report. Cureus, May 2023, vol. 15(5), e38722, doi: 10.7759/cureus.38722
B. Gamble, A. Dubrowski, A. Torres, M. Short, “Virtual interprofessional education to support medical laboratory technologists’ participation in interprofessional collaborative practice within integrated healthcare models”. Healthcare Management Forum, SAGE Publications Inc, Aug 2022, doi: 10.1177/08404704221114961
S. Wahab, A. Dubrowski. “Adapting the Gamified Educational Networking (GEN) Learning Management System to Deliver a Virtual Simulation Training Module to Determine the Enhancement of Learning and Performance Outcomes”. Technical Report. Cureus, June 2022, vol. 14(6), e26332, doi: 10.7759/cureus.26332
M. Sivanathan, J. Micallef, K. M. Clarke, B. Gino, S. Joshi, S. Abdo, D. Buttu, M. Mnaymneh, S. Siraj, A. Torres, G. Brock, D. Button, C. Pereira, A. Dubrowski. “The Development and Initial End-Point User Feedback of a 3D-Printed Adult Proximal Tibia IO Simulator”. Technical Report. Cureus, May 2022, vol. 14(5), e25481, doi: 10.7759/cureus.25481
M. Habti, F. Bénard, A. Arutiunian, S. Bérubé, D. Cadoret, L. Meloche-Dumas, A. Torres, B. Kapralos, F. Mercier, A. Dubrowski, E. Patocskai, “Development and Learner-Based Assessment of a Novel, Customized, 3D Printed Small Bowel Simulator for Hand-Sewn Anastomosis Training”. Technical Report. Cureus, Dec. 2021, doi: 10.7759/cureus.20536
A. Dubrowski, B. Kapralos, E. Peisachovich, C. Da Silva, and A. Torres, “A Model for an Online Learning Management System for Simulation-Based Acquisition of Psychomotor Skills in Health Professions Education”. Editorial. Cureus, Mar. 2021, doi: 10.7759/cureus.14055

Refereed Conference Proceedings

K. Clarke, A. Torres, M. J. P. Peixoto, B. Kapralos, and A. Dubrowski. “Mobile learning and simulation for the development of hands-on clinical skills”. In: Proceedings of the Mobile Learning 2023 International Conference (ML 2023), March 11-13, 2023, Lisbon, Portugal.
A. Torres, M. Sivanathan, P. Mutombo, J. Micallef, S. Wahab, S. Abdo, V. Matheou, K. Wilcocks, L. Yanguez Franco, B. Kapralos, and A. Dubrowski. “The gamified educational network learning management system for medical education”. In: Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Remote Engineering and Virtual Instrumentation (REV2023), pp. 1-8, March 1-3, 2023, Thessaloniki, Greece.
A. Torres, B. Kapralos, A. Uribe-Quevedo, E. Z. Quero, and A. Dubrowski, “A gamified educational network for collaborative learning”. In: Auer M.E., Tsiatsos T. (eds) Internet of Things, Infrastructures and Mobile Applications. IMCL 2019. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 2021, vol 1192. Springer, Cham., doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-49932-7_26
P. Mutombo, A. Torres, B. Kapralos, B. Gamble, C. Adams, L. Lawson, A. Dubrowski and C. da Silva, “An Innovative Virtual Learning Environment to Enhance Age-Friendly Cultural Competencies,” COMPSAC 2021: Intelligent and Resilient Computing for a Collaborative World, Jul. 12-16, 2021, doi: 10.1109/COMPSAC51774.2021.00195
M. ElRaheb, F. Lebel-Guay, M. Younan, A. Dubrowski, F. Mercier, E. Patocskai, R. Younan, “Broadcasting clinical activities of the mandatory surgical rotation to clerks in the light of COVID-19 on the Gamified Educational Network (GEN) platform, a pilot study.”, Canadian Conference for the Advancement of Surgical Education (C-CASE), Oct. 29-30, 2020, doi: 10.1503/cjs.021920.
N. Guérard-Poirier, M. Beniey, L. Méloche-Dumas, A. Torres, M. Dhane, B. Misheva, A. Dubrowski, F. Mercier, E. Patocskai, “A Gamified Network for Surgical Education during COVID-19: A Randomized Controlled Trial,” Canadian Conference for the Advancement of Surgical Education (C-CASE), Oct. 29-30, 2020, doi: 10.1503/cjs.021920.
A. Torres, B. Kapralos, A. Uribe-Quevedo, E. Zea, A. Dubrowski, “A gamified educational network for collaborative learning”. In: Proceedings of the 2019 SIM-one SIM Expo, Montreal, Canada, Oct. 21-22, 2019.

Refereed Abstracts and Posters

A. Torres, S. Abdo, B. Kapralos, V. Bhat, and A. Dubrowski, “From Gamification to Virtual Reality: The Evolution of the Gamified Educational Networking Learning Management System through Design-Based Research in Simulation-Based Education,” 2025 XR Salento, Otranto, Italy, Jun 17-20, 2025.
Z. Hosseini, A. Torres, D. Smeeton, B. Gamble, B. Kapralos, and A. Dubrowski, “Virtual Simulation is More Effective than Didactic Lectures in Preparing Medical Laboratory Students for Simulation-Based Microtomy Training: Pilot Randomized Control Trial,” 2024 SIM Expo, Banff, Alberta, Canada, Nov 25-26, 2024.
W. Sun, J. Calver, A. Torres, L. Martignetti, M. Lemonde and A. Dubrowski, “Using Micro-credential to Educate Long-Term Care Staff to Provide Palliative Care for People with Dementia: A Gamified Educational Network (GEN),” 2024 IEEE 8th International Conference on Serious Games and Applications for Health (SeGAH), Funchal, Portugal, Aug 7-9, 2024.
S. Abdo, S. Siraj, B. Barth, P. Calverley, K. Clarke, K. Gamble, B. Kapralos, B. Kohain, M. Short, A. Torres, B. Gamble, and A. Dubrowski, “Developing Virtual Interprofessional Education Micro-Credential Modules for Medical Laboratory Learners using Elaboration Theory,” 2023 SIM Expo, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, Dec 11-12, 2023.
F. Pelletier, A. Torres, L. Meloche-Dumas, N. Guérard-Poirier, A. Kaviani, B. Kapralos, F. Mercier, A. Dubrowski, E Patocskai, “The role of collaborative feedback and remote practice in the acquisition of suturing skills by medical students at Université de Montréal,” Canadian Conference for the Advancement of Surgical Education (C-CASE), Oct. 13-14, 2022, doi: 10.1503/cjs.014622
F. Bénard, M. Habti, L. Meloche-Dumas, S. Bérubé, D. Cadoret, A. Arutiunian, Y. Papas, A. Torres, B. Kapralos, F. Mercier, A. Dubrowski, E. Patocskai, “Efficacy testing of an affordable and realistic small bowel simulator for hand-sewn anastomosis,” Canadian Conference for the Advancement of Surgical Education (C-CASE), Oct. 13-14, 2022, doi: 10.1503/cjs.014622
S. Siraj, M. Sivanathan, S. Abdo, J. Micallef, B. Gino, D. Butthu, K. Clarke, M. Mnaymneh, A. Torres, G. Brock, A. Dubrowski, “The Acceptability of Three Dimensionally (3D) Printed Simulators in the Context of Training for Rural and Remote Practice: A Case Study of University and Not-for-Profit Collaboration.” 2022 SIM Expo, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Oct 17-18, 2022.
. Pelletier, L. Meloche-Dumas, A. Torres, N. Guérard-Poirier, A. Kaviani, B. Kapralos, F. Mercier, A. Dubrowski, E. Patocskai, “Learning Surgical Skills Remotely: Open Ended Commentary Based on Peer-to-Peer Feedback is as Efficacious as Expert-Based Feedback.” The 27th Annual Meeting of Society for Simulation in Europe (SESAM 2022), Seville, Spain, Jun. 15-17, 2022.
N. Guérard-Poirier, M. Beniey, L. Meloche-Dumas, A. Torres, B. Kapralos, M. Dhane, F. Mercier, A. Dubrowski, E. Patocskai, “Exploration of Remote Peer-to-Peer Learning in Preparation for Acquisition of Fundamental Surgical Skills: a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.” The 22nd International Meeting on Simulation in Healthcare (IMSH 2022), Los Angeles, California, USA. Jan. 15-19, 2022.
P. Mutombo, A. Torres, B. Kapralos, B. Gamble, B. Momand, C. Adams, L. Lawson, C. da Silva, A. Dubrowski, “Using Community-Based Participatory Research to build an Innovative Virtual Environment to Enhance Age-friendly Cultural Competencies,” IFAs 15th Global Conference on Ageing “Rights Matter”, Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada, Nov. 10-12, 2021.
N. Guérard-Poirier, M. Beniey, L. Meloche-Dumas, A. Torres, M. Dhane, B. Kapralos, F. Mercier, A. Dubrowski, E. Patocskai, “Virtual Simulation in Medical Education for the Acquisition of Fundamental Surgical Skills: a Randomized Controlled Trial,” The Royal College Simulation Summit, Virtual, Nov. 4-5, 2021.
P. Mutombo, A. Torres, B. Kapralos, B. Gamble, B. Momand, C. Adams, L. Lawson, C. da Silva, A. Dubrowski, “Seniors Cultural Competency Virtual Learning Environment (SCCVLE): An Innovative Education Tool to enhance Competencies,” MEI 2021 4th International Conference on Medical Education Informatics, Virtual, The University of Nottingham, UK and the University of Malaya, Malaysia, Jul. 12-15, 2021. D. Buttu, A. Torres, B. Kapralos, A. Dubrowski, B. Gino, A. Benson, “Preliminary data results regarding the development of a virtual education simulation of an adult proximal tibia model for intraosseous insertion simulators to train pre-hospital healthcare providers,” MEI 2021 4th International Conference on Medical Education Informatics, Virtual, The University of Nottingham, UK and the University of Malaya, Malaysia, Jul. 12-15, 2021.
A. Dubrowski, B. Kapralos, E. Patocskai, A. Torres, A. Arutiunian, S. Wahab, T. Weber, M. Mnaymneh, “Online Health Experiential Learning Platform (HELP) - Utilizing Gamified Educational Networking and Three-Dimensional Printing for Distance Training,” The Learner: Twenty-eighth International Conference on Learning, Krakow, Poland, Jul. 9-11, 2021.
N. Guérard-Poirier, M. Beniey, L. Meloche-Dumas, A. Torres, M. Dhane, F. Mercier, A. Dubrowski, E. Patocskai, “La Pédagogie Chirurgicale en temps de COVID-19: l’enseignement des points de suture avancés entre pairs à travers une plateforme en ligne,” L’Association Québécoise de Chirurgie (AQC) – 51e Congrès annuel 2021, Virtual, Montréal, QC, May 21, 2021.
N. Guérard-Poirier, M. Beniey, L. Meloche-Dumas, A. Torres, M. Dhane, F. Mercier, A. Dubrowski, E. Patocskai, “La Pédagogie Chirurgicale en temps de COVID-19: l’enseignement des points de suture avancés entre pairs à travers une plateforme en ligne,” Journée annuelle de la recherche du Centre de pédagogie appliquée aux sciences de la santé (CPASS), Université de Montréal, Virtual, Montréal, QC, May 19, 2021.
S. Wahab, D. Smeeton, A. Torres, B. Kapralos, A. Dubrowski, “Application of hierarchical task analysis to construct experiential task analysis hands-on and on-line training modules to teach microtomy: A pilot study,” 2020 Canadian Health Workforce Virtual Conference, Dec. 9-10, 2020.

About

Fri, 28 Oct 2022 16:11:14 -0400

What is GEN?

Video

Thu, 14 Jul 2022 16:37:03 -0400

This is a video demonstrating the use of GEN. The demo comes from a recent research study with University of Montreal/CHUM group lead by Dr. Erica Patocskai.

Studies

Thu, 14 Jul 2022 16:37:00 -0400

List of studies performed using GEN.

The Development and Initial End-Point User Feedback of a 3D-Printed Adult Proximal Tibia IO Simulator

Institutions: maxSIMhealth (OntarioTech University).
Period: 2022.
Status: Underway 🚧.

Workshop: Hands-on Practice on Three Dimensionally (3D) Printed Simulators in the Context of Training for Rural and Remote Practice

Event: The 29th Annual Rural and Remote Medicine Course.
Institutions: maxSIMhealth (OntarioTech University), Society of Rural Physicians of Canada.
Period: 2022.
Status: Completed ✅.
Output:
- M. Sivanathan, J. Micallef, K. M. Clarke, B. Gino, S. Joshi, S. Abdo, D. Buttu, M. Mnaymneh, S. Siraj, A. Torres, G. Brock, D. Button, C. Pereira, A. Dubrowski. “The Development and Initial End-Point User Feedback of a 3D-Printed Adult Proximal Tibia IO Simulator”. Technical Report. Cureus, May 2022, vol. 14(5), e25481, doi: 10.7759/cureus.25481

The Development of an Adult Proximal Tibia Model for IO Simulators to Train Pre-Hospital healthcare providers using Virtual Education and Gamified Educational Networking (GEN).

Institutions: maxSIMhealth (OntarioTech University).
Period: 2021.
Status: Completed ✅.
Output:
- D. Buttu, A. Torres, B. Kapralos, A. Dubrowski, B. Gino, A. Benson, “Preliminary data results regarding the development of a virtual education simulation of an adult proximal tibia model for intraosseous insertion simulators to train pre-hospital healthcare providers,” MEI 2021 4th International Conference on Medical Education Informatics, Virtual, The University of Nottingham, UK and the University of Malaya, Malaysia, Jul. 12-15, 2021.

Safety Module Assessment - Medical Laboratory Sciences

Institutions: maxSIMhealth (OntarioTech University).
Period: 2020 - 2021.
Status: Completed ✅.
Output:
- S. Wahab, D. Smeeton, A. Torres, B. Kapralos, A. Dubrowski, “Application of hierarchical task analysis to construct experiential task analysis hands-on and on-line training modules to teach microtomy: A pilot study,” 2020 Canadian Health Workforce Virtual Conference, Dec. 9-10, 2020.

Validity Assessment of a 3D-Printed Simulation Model for FLS training, Hand-Sewn Bowel Anastomosis and Common Bile Duct Anastomosis

Institutions: maxSIMhealth (OntarioTech University), CHUM (Université de Montréal).
Period: 2021.
Status: Completed ✅.
Output:
- M. Habti, F. Bénard, A. Arutiunian, S. Bérubé, D. Cadoret, L. Meloche-Dumas, A. Torres, B. Kapralos, F. Mercier, A. Dubrowski, E. Patocskai, “Development and Learner-Based Assessment of a Novel, Customized, 3D Printed Small Bowel Simulator for Hand-Sewn Anastomosis Training”. Technical Report. Cureus, Dec. 2021, doi: 10.7759/cureus.20536

The role of collaborative observational practice and feedback-discourse to promote remote acquisition of technical surgical skills

Institutions: maxSIMhealth (OntarioTech University), CHUM (Université de Montréal).
Period: 2021.
Status: Completed ✅.
Output:
- Paper submitted to a journal, awaiting response.

Using an innovative tool to teach and test cultural competencies to enhance age‐friendly communities.

Institutions: maxSIMhealth (OntarioTech University), The City of Oshawa, TeachingCity Oshawa.
Period: 2020 - 2022.
Status: Completed ✅.
Output:
- P. Mutombo, A. Torres, B. Kapralos, B. Gamble, B. Momand, C. Adams, L. Lawson, C. da Silva, A. Dubrowski, “Using Community-Based Participatory Research to build an Innovative Virtual Environment to Enhance Age-friendly Cultural Competencies,” IFAs 15th Global Conference on Ageing “Rights Matter”, Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada, Nov. 10-12, 2021.
- P. Mutombo, A. Torres, B. Kapralos, B. Gamble, B. Momand, C. Adams, L. Lawson, C. da Silva, A. Dubrowski, “Seniors Cultural Competency Virtual Learning Environment (SCCVLE): An Innovative Education Tool to enhance Competencies,” MEI 2021 4th International Conference on Medical Education Informatics, Virtual, The University of Nottingham, UK and the University of Malaya, Malaysia, Jul. 12-15, 2021.
- P. Mutombo, A. Torres, B. Kapralos, B. Gamble, C. Adams, L. Lawson, A. Dubrowski and C. da Silva, “An Innovative Virtual Learning Environment to Enhance Age-Friendly Cultural Competencies,” COMPSAC 2021: Intelligent and Resilient Computing for a Collaborative World, Jul. 12-16, 2021, doi: 10.1109/COMPSAC51774.2021.00195

Surgical Education during COVID: Learning Advanced Suturing Skills through the Gamified Educational Network (GEN).

Institutions: maxSIMhealth (OntarioTech University), CHUM (Université de Montréal).
Period: 2020.
Status: Completed ✅.
Output:
- N. Guérard-Poirier, M. Beniey, L. Méloche-Dumas, A. Torres, M. Dhane, B. Misheva, A. Dubrowski, F. Mercier, E. Patocskai, “A Gamified Network for Surgical Education during COVID-19: A Randomized Controlled Trial,” Canadian Conference for the Advancement of Surgical Education (C-CASE), Oct. 29-30, 2020, doi: 10.1503/cjs.021920.
- N. Guérard-Poirier, M. Beniey, L. Meloche-Dumas, A. Torres, M. Dhane, F. Mercier, A. Dubrowski, E. Patocskai, “La Pédagogie Chirurgicale en temps de COVID-19: l’enseignement des points de suture avancés entre pairs à travers une plateforme en ligne,” Journée annuelle de la recherche du Centre de pédagogie appliquée aux sciences de la santé (CPASS), Université de Montréal, Virtual, Montréal, QC, May 19, 2021.
- N. Guérard-Poirier, M. Beniey, L. Meloche-Dumas, A. Torres, M. Dhane, F. Mercier, A. Dubrowski, E. Patocskai, “La Pédagogie Chirurgicale en temps de COVID-19: l’enseignement des points de suture avancés entre pairs à travers une plateforme en ligne,” L’Association Québécoise de Chirurgie (AQC) – 51e Congrès annuel 2021, Virtual, Montréal, QC, May 21, 2021.
- N. Guérard-Poirier, M. Beniey, L. Meloche-Dumas, A. Torres, M. Dhane, B. Kapralos, F. Mercier, A. Dubrowski, E. Patocskai, “Virtual Simulation in Medical Education for the Acquisition of Fundamental Surgical Skills: a Randomized Controlled Trial,” The Royal College Simulation Summit, Virtual, Nov. 4-5, 2021.
- N. Guérard-Poirier, M. Beniey, L. Meloche-Dumas, A. Torres, B. Kapralos, M. Dhane, F. Mercier, A. Dubrowski, E. Patocskai, “Exploration of Remote Peer-to-Peer Learning in Preparation for Acquisition of Fundamental Surgical Skills: a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.” The 22nd International Meeting on Simulation in Healthcare (IMSH 2022), Los Angeles, California, USA. Jan. 15-19, 2022.

Contact

Thu, 14 Jul 2022 16:33:45 -0400

Would you like to learn more about GEN?

We are happy to work with Canadian professional schools.

Please reach out to us with any questions:

Dr. Adam Dubrowski: adam.dubrowski@ontariotechu.net

Technical Contacts:

Andrei Torres: andrei.torres@ontariotechu.net
Dr. Bill Kapralos: bill.kapralos@ontariotechu.ca

Literature

Thu, 14 Jul 2022 16:22:16 -0400

Here we are summarizing key/selected papers from our research group published in the last 2 decades that led to the development of GEN, along with its predecessor OPEN (Observational Practice and Educational Networking):

Cognitive load

Do not teach me while I am working! Dubrowski A, Brydges R, Satterthwaite L, Xeroulis G, Classen R. Am J Surg. 2012 Feb;203(2):253-7. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2010.08.020. PMID: 22269657
Thrive or overload? The effect of task complexity on novices’ simulation-based learning. Haji FA, Cheung JJ, Woods N, Regehr G, de Ribaupierre S, Dubrowski A. Med Educ. 2016 Sep;50(9):955-68. doi: 10.1111/medu.13086. PMID: 2756289
Measuring cognitive load: performance, mental effort and simulation task complexity. Haji FA, Rojas D, Childs R, de Ribaupierre S, Dubrowski A. Med Educ. 2015 Aug;49(8):815-27. doi: 10.1111/medu.12773. PMID: 26152493 Clinical Trial.
Measuring cognitive load during simulation-based psychomotor skills training: sensitivity of secondary-task performance and subjective ratings. Haji FA, Khan R, Regehr G, Drake J, de Ribaupierre S, Dubrowski A. Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract. 2015 Dec;20(5):1237-53. doi: 10.1007/s10459-015-9599-8. Epub 2015 Mar 12. PMID: 25761454
The impact of secondary-task type on the sensitivity of reaction-time based measurement of cognitive load for novices learning surgical skills using simulation. Rojas D, Haji F, Shewaga R, Kapralos B, Dubrowski A. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2014;196:353-9. PMID: 24732535 Clinical Trial. 6.

Observational Practice and Computer Based Video Instructions

Teaching suturing and knot-tying skills to medical students: a randomized controlled study comparing computer-based video instruction and (concurrent and summary) expert feedback. Xeroulis GJ, Park J, Moulton CA, Reznick RK, Leblanc V, Dubrowski A. Surgery. 2007 Apr;141(4):442-9. doi: 10.1016/j.surg.2006.09.012. Epub 2007 Jan 25. PMID: 17383520 Clinical Trial.
Computer-based video instructions for acquisition of technical skills. Dubrowski A, Xeroulis G. J Vis Commun Med. 2005 Dec;28(4):150-5. doi: 10.1080/01405110500518622. PMID: 16503567
Surgical skill acquisition with self-directed practice using computer-based video training. Jowett N, LeBlanc V, Xeroulis G, MacRae H, Dubrowski A. Am J Surg. 2007 Feb;193(2):237-42. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2006.11.003. PMID: 17236854
Computer-assisted assessment of one-handed knot tying skills performed within various contexts: a construct validity study. Brydges R, Classen R, Larmer J, Xeroulis G, Dubrowski A. Am J Surg. 2006 Jul;192(1):109-13. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2005.11.014. PMID: 16769286
Verbal feedback from an expert is more effective than self-accessed feedback about motion efficiency in learning new surgical skills. Porte MC, Xeroulis G, Reznick RK, Dubrowski A. Am J Surg. 2007 Jan;193(1):105-10. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2006.03.016. PMID: 17188099 Clinical Trial.

R&D in GEN

The role of collaborative interactivity in the observational practice of clinical skills. Grierson LE, Barry M, Kapralos B, Carnahan H, Dubrowski A. Med Educ. 2012 Apr;46(4):409-16. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2923.2011.04196.x. PMID: 22429177 Clinical Trial.
Preparation With Web-Based Observational Practice Improves Efficiency of Simulation-Based Mastery Learning. Cheung JJ, Koh J, Brett C, Bägli DJ, Kapralos B, Dubrowski A. Simul Healthc. 2016 Oct;11(5):316-322. doi: 10.1097/SIH.0000000000000171. PMID: 27388862 Clinical Trial.
Evaluation of tensiometric assessment as a measure of skill degradation. Cheung JJ, Rojas D, Weber B, Kapralos B, Carnahan H, Dubrowski A. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2012;173:97-101. PMID: 22356965 4.
Acquisition of technical skills in ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia using a high-fidelity simulator. Cheung JJ, Chen EW, Al-Allaq Y, Nikravan N, McCartney CJ, Dubrowski A, Awad IT. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2011;163:119-24. PMID: 21335773
The use of web-based learning for simulation-based education and training of central venous catheterization in novice learners. Cheung JJ, Koh J, Mackinnon K, Brett C, Bägli D, Kapralos B, Dubrowski A. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2013;184:71-7. PMID: 23400133

Self-directed learning

Safir O, Williams CK, Dubrowski A, Backstein D, Carnahan H. Self-directed practice schedule enhances learning of suturing skills. Can J Surg. 2013;56(6):E142-E147. doi:10.1503/cjs.019512
Do not teach me while I am working! Dubrowski A, Brydges R, Satterthwaite L, Xeroulis G, Classen R. Am J Surg. 2012 Feb;203(2):253-7. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2010.08.020. PMID: 22269657
A new concept of unsupervised learning: directed self-guided learning in the health professions. Brydges R, Dubrowski A, Regehr G. Acad Med. 2010 Oct;85(10 Suppl):S49-55. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0b013e3181ed4c96. PMID: 20881703 Review.
Comparing the cost-effectiveness of simulation modalities: a case study of peripheral intravenous catheterization training. Isaranuwatchai W, Brydges R, Carnahan H, Backstein D, Dubrowski A. Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract. 2014 May;19(2):219-32. doi: 10.1007/s10459-013-9464-6. Epub 2013 Jun 1. PMID: 23728476 Clinical Trial.
Surface exploration using laparoscopic surgical instruments: the perception of surface roughness. Brydges R, Carnahan H, Dubrowski A. Ergonomics. 2005 Jun 10;48(7):874-94. doi: 10.1080/00140130500123704.PMID: 16076743
Coordinating progressive levels of simulation fidelity to maximize educational benefit. Brydges R, Carnahan H, Rose D, Rose L, Dubrowski A. Acad Med. 2010 May;85(5):806-12. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0b013e3181d7aabd.PMID: 20520031 Clinical Trial.
Evaluating the influence of goal setting on intravenous catheterization skill acquisition and transfer in a hybrid simulation training context. Brydges R, Mallette C, Pollex H, Carnahan H, Dubrowski A. Simul Healthc. 2012 Aug;7(4):236-42. doi: 10.1097/SIH.0b013e31825993f2. PMID: 22722705 Clinical Trial.
Pediatric urology training: performance-based assessment using the fundamentals of laparoscopic surgery. Brydges R, Farhat WA, El-Hout Y, Dubrowski A. J Surg Res. 2010 Jun 15;161(2):240-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2008.12.041. Epub 2009 Jan 24. PMID: 19457495
Comparing self-guided learning and educator-guided learning formats for simulation-based clinical training. Brydges R, Carnahan H, Rose D, Dubrowski A. J Adv Nurs. 2010 Aug;66(8):1832-44. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2010.05338.x. Epub 2010 Jun 16. PMID: 20557388 Clinical Trial.
Application of motor learning principles to complex surgical tasks: searching for the optimal practice schedule. Brydges R, Carnahan H, Backstein D, Dubrowski A. J Mot Behav. 2007 Jan;39(1):40-8. doi: 10.3200/JMBR.39.1.40-48. PMID: 17251170