Sci-Hub

1794527355

Single‐Screw Extrusion of Defatted Soy Flour, Corn Starch and Raw Beef Blends

Journal of Food Science, 1993

Effects of feed moisture, fat and corn starch levels and process temperature on physical properties of extrudates of defatted soy flour-amylose corn starch-raw beef blends were investigated using response surface methodology. Contour plots showed a convex curve of expansion ratio (ER) with moisture, concave curves of bulk density (BD) and shear-force (SF) with moisture, and concave cmves of SF with each of the four extrusion variables. Fat decreased ER and increased BD, whereas corn starch increased ER. Products with high ER and low BD and SF tended to have prominent air cells, continuous protein matrices, and smooth cell wall surfaces in scanning electron micrographs. The optimum extrusion conditions for minimal SF values, with 20% non-dehydrated beef muscl...

1794527355

The Molecular Mechanism of Photochromism in Photo-Enolizable Quinoline and Napthyridine Derivatives

J. Phys. Chem. A, 2012

Photochromism, the change of color upon irradiation, is a general property of quinoline derivatives, yet subtle differences in the geometric structure influence its occurrence. To investigate this relation, the mechanism of photoenolization of the photochromic compounds 3-benzoyl-2-benzyl-1-methyl-1H-quinoline-4-one (1) and 3-benzoyl-1,2-dibenzyl-1H-1,8 naphtyridin-4-one (2) as well as of the structurally closely related but nonphotochromic 3-benzoyl-1-benzyl-2-methyl-1H-1,8-naphtyridin-4-one (3) has been investigated theoretically using state-of-the-art quantum chemical methods. Focusing on the difference between 2 and 3 and stressing the absence of a phenyl group in the latter, the excited state potential energy surfaces along the photoenolization coordina...

1794527355

What is in a Name? The Possibility of Identifying the Monk Damo as the Mentor of the First Known Self-Claimed Reincarnation of Maitreya in Medieval China

Studies in Chinese Religions, 2015

On the basis of a memorial inscription dedicated to an obscure foreign monk known to us only by a rather ordinary word, Damo 達摩 (Dharma), which was obviously a part of his name, this study attempts to reconstruct some traces of his life, and several key aspects of his image as was perceived by his contemporaries. Partly due to his obscurities and popularities, starting from a certain point of time this Damo started to be conflated with the famous Bodhidharma. The research presented in this article shows that it is difficult to identify this Damo to be Bodhidharma. However, several major aspects of Damo’s image seems to have played a noticeable role in informing the image of Bodhidharma and the Chan ideologies related to him. This case study underscores...

1794527355

Prognostic factors of delayed cerebral ischemia after subarachnoid hemorrhage including CT perfusion: a prospective cohort study

Egypt J Radiol Nucl Med, 2020

Abstract Background Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is the worst sequel following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), representing a challenge in prediction and prevention. The current study aims to identify the optimum predictors of DCI including CT perfusion (CTP) and to determine the best prognostic thresholds. This prospective study included 49 SAH patients. All patients were treated with the standard therapy and underwent non-contrast CT, CTP, and CTA within 3 days after SAH. Hunt and Hess and Fisher scales were assessed besides quantitative CTP parameters. The primary endpoint was DCI within 21 days after SAH, defined as clinical deterioration or infarction. Results Out of 49 eligible patients with SAH, 9 patients developed DCI. Univariate analysis revealed...

1794527355

Nanosheet-assembled LaMnO3@NiCo2O4 nanoarchitecture growth on Ni foam for high power density supercapacitors

Electrochimica Acta, 2019

Abstract LaMnO 3 is a promising candidate for used in supercapacitor because of its unique anion-based intercalation capacitive behavior. Its electrochemical performance, however, is still seriously limited by the intrinsically poor electrical conductivity and the exudation of Mn species during reversible intercalation. Herein, we demonstrate that the hybridization of LaMnO 3 with NiCo 2 O 4 to form hierarchical core–shell nanosheet-assembled architectures on Ni foam can efficiently suppress the leaching of Mn species and evidently improve the electronic conductivity, thus optimizing its physicochemical properties for supercapacitance. As expected, superior capacitive performance is achieved with ultrahigh specific capacity of 811 C g −1 at 0.5 A�...

1794527355

Effect of Auditory Information for Positional Perception of a Visual Display While Driving

Trans.JSME, Ser.C, 2008

The aim of this study is to investigate the right position for installation of a visual display of Car-Navigation system. The method of this research is to consider about the effects of presenting auditory information on the positional perception of driver from the experimental approach. The evaluation indices are measuring the saccadic time, the stationary time and the reaction time from the movement of the subject's fixation point. The results shows following : (1) Since an auditory information plays an important role in the information processing on positional perception, the visibility time, the saccadic time, the stationary time and the reaction time become small by presenting auditory information. (2) The bigger the vertical instillation angle from the...

1794527355

Limb‐bone histology of temnospondyls: implications for understanding the diversification of palaeoecologies and patterns of locomotion of Permo‐Triassic tetrapods

J of Evolutionary Biology, 2010

The locomotion of early tetrapods has long been a subject of great interest in the evolutionary history of vertebrates. However, we still do not have a precise understanding of the evolutionary radiation of their locomotory strategies. We present here the first palaeohistological study based on theoretical biomechanical considerations among a highly diversified group of early tetrapods, the temnospondyls. Based on the quantification of microanatomical and histological parameters in the humerus and femur of nine genera, this multivariate analysis provides new insights concerning the adaptations of temnospondyls to their palaeoenvironments during the Early Permian, and clearly after the Permo-Triassic crisis. This study therefore presents a methodology that, i...

1794527355

Obesity, battle of the bulge-policy behind change: Whose responsibility is it and who pays?

Health Education Journal, 2010

Objectives: Examination of the prevalence of obesity and overweight over the past two decades and the health implications that encompass increased risk for cardiovascular disease, hypertension and diabetes. Focus on legislative policies and individual responsibility. Method: Literature review of local and national data on obesity, health implications, government response and determinants of health. Results: Unhealthy eating habits and a sedentary lifestyle are determinants of obesity. In the U.S. it can be said that we live in a “toxic environment.” Environmental factors impeding healthy eating include socioeconomic status (SES), limited access to healthy food choices in low-income communities, poor neighborhood characteristics preventing the ability or ...

1794527355

Magnet-induced aligning magnetorheological elastomer based on ultra-soft matrix

Composites Science and Technology, 2018

A novel magnet-induced aligning magnetorheological elastomer (MIMRE) based on ultra-soft polymeric matrix was prepared through an innovative synthetic approach, enables the magnetic particles to mobile and align in elastomer matrix under magnetic field at room temperature. The effect of polymeric matrix modulus on the formation of MIMRE was investigated in detail. It was found that the MIMRE showed excellent magnetorheological (MR) effect, and the absolute and relative MR effect was of 3.61 MPa and 17,286%, respectively. The relative MR effect of magnetorheological elastomer was almost 100 times higher than that of elastomers reported in previous literature. In addition, the application of MIMRE in actuators and self-healing materials was evaluated. The pres...

1794527355

Heparanase-enhanced Shedding of Syndecan-1 and Its Role in Driving Disease Pathogenesis and Progression

J Histochem Cytochem., 2020

Both heparanase and syndecan-1 are known to be present and active in disease pathobiology. An important feature of syndecan-1 related to its role in pathologies is that it can be shed from the surface of cells as an intact ectodomain composed of the extracellular core protein and attached heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate chains. Shed syndecan-1 remains functional and impacts cell behavior both locally and distally from its cell of origin. Shedding of syndecan-1 is initiated by a variety of stimuli and accomplished predominantly by the action of matrix metalloproteinases. The accessibility of these proteases to the core protein of syndecan-1 is enhanced, and shedding facilitated, when the heparan sulfate chains of syndecan-1 have been shortened by the ...

1794527355

Chinese Growing Diplomatic, Strategic and Economic Interest in Afghanistan

SSRN Journal, 2012

Afghanistan, a southwest Asian country, has been in a state of war and turmoil for more than 30 years. It borders China’s autonomous province of Xinjiang in the northwestern corner. China has emerged as an economic and political superpower in the 21st century. Although Afghanistan’s undeveloped economy is not attractive to any of the regional and non-regional powers for economic purposes but many geo-political factors have created stakes for certain regional and non-regional powers in Afghanistan. This article deals with Chinese diplomatic, strategic and economic interests in Afghanistan. While international media and the world at large knows much about the US, ISAF and NATO’s role in Afghanistan since 2001 to combat terrorism, quite less is know about...

1794527355

Retarded differential equations with piecewise constant delays

Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, 1984

To any one-sided nonautonomous dynamics obtained from a delay-difference equation, we associate a lifted autonomous delay-difference equation that can be used, together with its solutions and its perturbations, to characterize the hyperbolicity in three different ways: in terms of the hyperbolicity of the corresponding evolution map, which describes the solutions of the lifted autonomous equation; in terms of an admissibility property for this evolutions map, which corresponds to the invertibility of a certain linear operator; and in terms of an admissibility property for the perturbations of the lifted delay-difference equation. We emphasize that the evolution map is necessarily noninvertible in our setting, which led us to introduce a new notion of exponen...

1794527355

Neurons generated from carcinoma stem cells support cancer progression

Sig Transduct Target Ther, 2017

Abstract Recent evidences show that nervous system acts as a crucial part of cancer microenvironment. Infiltration of nerve fibers into cancer microenvironment has an important active role in cancer progression. The stimulations of both cancer growth and metastasis by members of nervous system such as neurons and glial cells have been demonstrated. However, how the nervous system is built in cancer is largely unknown. Here we show that a fraction of cancer stem cells (CSCs) derived from patients with gastric carcinoma and colorectal carcinoma are capable of producing neurons that are involved in tumor neurogenesis and tumor growth. Cancer stem cell monoclone derived from a single cancer stem cell was able to generate neurons including sympathetic and parasym...

1794527354

Trends in the management of alcohol withdrawal syndrome

The Laryngoscope, 1995

Alcohol use among head and neck cancer patients is common. Alcohol withdrawal (especially delirium tremens) poses significant potential morbidity to postsurgical patients. Treatment with newer benzodiazepines (BZDs) such as lorazepam and midazolam has become more widespread, and mortality rates from severe alcohol withdrawal have decreased in recent years. The authors retrospectively studied 102 patients with a diagnosis of alcohol withdrawal, including 20 patients undergoing surgery for cancer of the head and neck. There were 81 men and 21 women, with a mean (± standard deviation [SD]) age of 52.3 (±16.1) years. Many of these patients (46%) were treated with more than one BZD or other neuroleptic, while 49% received single agent therapy of either chlordia...

1794527354

Distinct cellular fates for KP1019 and NAMI-A determined by X-ray fluorescence imaging of single cells

Metallomics, 2012

Small molecule ruthenium complexes show great promise as anticancer pharmaceuticals, but further rational development of these as drugs is stymied by an incomplete understanding of the mechanisms that give rise to markedly different biological behaviour for structurally similar species. X-ray fluorescence imaging at two incident energies was used to reveal the intracellular distribution of Ru in single human cells treated with KP1019, showing Ru localised in both cytosol and in the nuclear region. In addition the imaging showed that treatment with KP1019 modulated Fe distribution to resemble the Ru distribution, without affecting cellular Fe content. In stark contrast, Ru could not be visualised in cells treated with NAMI-A, indicating that it was not intern...

1794527354

The Effect of Prolonged Abscisic Acid Treatment on theGrowth, Freezing Tolerance and Protein Patterns of Bromus inermis (Leyss) Cell Suspensions Cultured at either 3° or 25°C

Journal of Plant Physiology, 1995

The growth, freezing tolerance and two-dimensional protein profiles of bromegrass ( Bromus inermis Leyss) cell cultures were investigated following repeated exposure to 75 μM abscisic acid (ABA) for 5 weeks. Following prolonged (36 d) exposure to ABA, freezing tolerance was enhanced and fresh-mass gain was reduced compared to a 10-d ABA treatment. Also, fifteen additional ABA-responsive proteins were detected after 5 weeks of ABA treatment that were not detected in cells treated for 10 d. In addition, intensity changes occurred in several ABA-responsive proteins that were detected after 10-d incubation periods. Two polypeptides (26 and 29 kD) initially responsive to ABA decreased over 5 weeks of treatment. Transfer of ABA-treated cells to culture media lack...

1794527354

Control effects on coherent structures in a non-uniform adverse-pressure-gradient boundary layer

International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 2022

We examine the effects of three basic but effective control strategies, namely uniform blowing, uniform suction, and body-force damping, on the intense Reynolds-stress events in the turbulent boundary layer (TBL) developing on the suction side of a NACA4412 airfoil. This flow is subjected to a non-uniform adverse pressure gradient (APG), which substantially modifies its turbulence statistics with respect to a zero-pressure-gradient (ZPG) boundary layer, and it also changes how control strategies affect the flow. The strong APG results in intense events that are shorter and more often detached from the wall than in ZPG TBLs. In a quadrant analysis, ejections remain the most relevant structures, but sweeps become more important than in ZPG TBLs, a fact that re...

1794527354

Hydrodynamic interaction effects on intrinsic viscosity of perturbed chains: Experimental results for polystyrene

J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Phys. Ed., 1979

Experimental measurements of intrinsic viscosity and radii of gyration of monodisperse samples of polystyrene of molecular weights 2.33 X 105, 4.11 X 105, 6.70 X 105, and 2.3 X 106 dissolved in the homologous series of 1-chloroparaffins from butane to undecane are reported. The dependence of the viscosity expansion coefficient αη on the expansion factor αs for the radius of gyration is discussed in the light of the results obtained by an expansion of the Fixman theory for perturbed chains to include partial draining. These results give support to the finite chain effect on the hydrodynamics of expanded coils in the usual range of molecular weight. The exponent a in the relation α3η = αas depends on molecular weight and agrees with recent nondraining th...

1794527354

Kinetics of high-density plasmas generated in Si by 1.06- and 0.53-μmpicosecond laser pulses

Phys. Rev. B, 1987

The dynamics of high-density (${10}^{19}$${10}^{21}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$), high-temperature (300${T}_{e}$3000 K) plasmas, generated in silicon by single 1.06- and 0.53-\ensuremath{\mu}m picosecond laser pulses, is simulated with a self-consistent model based on the Boltzmann transport equation. Balance equations, which include possible plasma degeneracy effects, are used to obtain the spatial and temporal evolution of the lattice temperature as well as the carrier density and temperature. We compare predictions of the model, which employs parameters extracted from near-equilibrium experiments, with data from recent experiments which measured the melt threshold or time-dependent infrared reflectivity. The model is able to account quanti...

1794527354

Glucocorticoid increases acetylcholinesterase and organization of the postsynaptic membrane in innervated cultured human muscle

Experimental Neurology, 1992

We have studied the influence of hydrocortisone (HC) on the neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) established on cultured human muscle fibers that had been innervated by fetal rat spinal cord neurons. Treatment with HC was begun 4 weeks after innervation and continued for 1-28 days. Four weeks of treatment significantly increased (a) size of acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-positive sites, indicative of NMJs; (b) intensity of AChE staining; (c) A12-AChE (junctional) molecular fraction; and (d) organization of junctional postsynaptic folds. The effect of HC depended on the dose and duration of treatment. These effects on the molecular properties of the postsynaptic component of the human neuromuscular junction could be through an action of HC directly on the muscle fiber...

1794527354

Stereochemical Constraints and Lattice Relaxation in Crystal Photochemistry

Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, 1980

Abstract The relationship of crystal structure, molecular orientation and conformations of reactants and products is central to an understanding of solid state organic photochemistry. The calculation of the properties of lattices containing foreign molecules is described, with allowance for relaxation in position and orientation coordinates. The experimentally studied cleavage of dianthracene molecules in its crystal, and the cleavage of the photoisomer of 1,2-di-(9-anthryl)-ethane, are systems in which the effect of lattice constraints can be examined. It is shown that a useful degree of rationalization of experimental results is possible, in terms of the stable conformations available to the cleaved systems, within the “cage” or cavity enveloping the r...

1794527354

Influence of lovastatin on concentrations and composition of lipoprotein subfractions

Atherosclerosis, 1990

The effects of lovastatin therapy on concentrations and compositions of lipoproteins were examined in 14 patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. The drug lowered plasma levels of cholesterol in total plasma, very low density + intermediate density lipoproteins (VLDL + IDL) and low density lipoproteins (LDL) by 25%, 41%, and 41%, respectively. Plasma total apo B was decreased by 35%. Three VLDL subfractions--VLDL-1, VLDL-2, and VLDL-3--of progressively higher density were examined. Lovastatin therapy reduced only the heaviest--VLDL-3. Concentrations of VLDL-1 and VLDL-2 were unchanged. Total VLDL-cholesterol/apo B was reduced significantly. Drug therapy also altered the composition of LDL as shown by decreasing the cholesterol/apo B. Finally...

1794527354

Optogenetic regulation of leg movement in midstage chick embryos through peripheral nerve stimulation

Journal of Neurophysiology, 2011

Numerous disorders that affect proper development, including the structure and function of the nervous system, are associated with altered embryonic movement. Ongoing challenges are to understand in detail how embryonic movement is generated and to understand better the connection between proper movement and normal nervous system function. Controlled manipulation of embryonic limb movement and neuronal activity to assess short- and long-term outcomes can be difficult. Optogenetics is a powerful new approach to modulate neuronal activity in vivo. In this study, we have used an optogenetics approach to activate peripheral motor axons and thus alter leg motility in the embryonic chick. We used electroporation of a transposon-based expression system to produce C...

1794527354

Large eddy simulation of an inclined jet in crossflow with vortex generators

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2021

ABSTRACT Film cooling is one of the essential approaches to cool high-performance turbine blades. Film cooling with delta winglet vortex generator pair (DWVGP) placed upstream of the cooling hole is investigated by large eddy simulation (LES) at the blowing ratio of M=1.0. Film cooling effectiveness and vortical structures are evaluated in the flow field of a jet in crossflow (JICF). Results indicate that film cooling effectiveness increases significantly for the DWVGP case. As a dominant vortex structure, the ubiquitous counter-rotating vortex pair (CRVP) is recognized in the flow field. It has a detrimental effect that lifts the coolant off the cooling surface. The DWVGP evolved anticounter-rotating vortex pair (anti-CRVP) has the opposite sense of rotatio...

1794527354

FlexiPulse: A machine-learning-enabled flexible pulse sensor for cardiovascular disease diagnostics

Cell Reports Physical Science, 2023

Recently, the flexible pulse sensor has emerged as a promising candidate for real-time and population-wide monitoring of cardiovascular health. However, most current technologies are prohibitively expensive, lack clinical validation, or are not designed to diagnose cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. Here, we present the development of FlexiPulse, a low-cost, clinically validated, intelligent, flexible pulse detection system for CVD monitoring and diagnostics. The porous graphene-based FlexiPulse is prepared by eco-friendly and economical laser direct-engraving techniques and is feasible for mass production. FlexiPulse achieves high accuracy (>93%), as confirmed by clinical techniques, enabling it to precisely detect subtle changes in cardiovascular status....

1794527354

Spatial and political realignment of the U.S. electorate, 1988–2012

Political Geography, 2015

In the large literature on the growing polarization of the American electorate and its representatives relatively little attention is paid to the spatial polarization of voters for the two parties at presidential elections. Bishop argued this has increased as the result of residential location decisions: Democratic Party supporters have increasingly moved to neighborhoods where others of that persuasion are already congregated, for example. His analyses at the county scale are geographically incommensurate with that argument, however; the lacuna is filled using precinct-level data for the entire United States for the 2008, 2012 and 2016 presidential elections. Multi-level modelling shows polarization at those elections was significantly greater at the precin...

1794527353

Effects of ultraviolet radiation on infection by intact and phenol-disrupted red clover mottle virus

Virology, 1961

Abstract Exposing French bean leaves to ultraviolet radiation after inoculation with red clover mottle virus decreased numbers of infections more than did exposure before inoculation. The decrease produced by a given dose of radiation differed with plants in different physiological states. Treatments that increased susceptibility to infection also increased the effects of the radiation. Irradiation before inoculation affected lesion numbers similarly whether the inoculum was intact or phenol-disrupted virus provided the leaves were in the dark after irradiation, but when leaves were in the light effects were much greater with disrupted virus. Intact virus is apparently better able than disrupted virus to survive while light restores the capacity of leaves to...

1794527353

THE DUAL PROCESS MODEL OF COPING WITH BEREAVEMENT: RATIONALE AND DESCRIPTION

Death Studies, 1999

There are shortcomings in traditional theorizing about effective ways of coping with bereavement, most notably, with respect to the so-called "grief work hypothesis." Criticisms include imprecise definition, failure to represent dynamic processing that is characteristic of grieving, lack of empirical evidence and validation across cultures and historical periods, and a limited focus on intrapersonal processes and on health outcomes. Therefore, a revised model of coping with bereavement, the dual process model, is proposed. This model identifies two types of stressors, loss- and restoration-oriented, and a dynamic, regulatory coping process of oscillation, whereby the grieving individual at times confronts, at other times avoids, the different tasks of grievi...

1794527353

An Exploration of the Relationship between Experiences with Sibling Abuse and Peer Bullying: a Pilot Study

Journ Child Adol Trauma, 2017

This paper uses peer reviewed research and a comprehensive literature review to highlight some of connections and similarities between experience with sibling abuse and experience with peer bullying. Specifically, an altered version of the Conflict Tactics Scale (Straus Journal of Marriage and the Family, 41, 75-88, 1979) was used to empirically explore the potential relationship between experience with peer bullying as a survivor or perpetrator, and experience with sibling abuse as a survivor or perpetrator. The results of Person's product moment correlations indicate there is a significant relationship between surviving sibling abuse and surviving peer bullying, as well as perpetrating sibling abuse and perpetrating peer bullying. In addition to a discussi...

1794527353

Interdependence between lignocellulosic biomasses, enzymatic hydrolysis and yeast cell factories in biorefineries

Microbial Biotechnology, 2021

Biorefineries have a pivotal role in the bioeconomy scenario for the transition from fossil-based processes towards more sustainable ones relying on renewable resources. Lignocellulose is a prominent feedstock since its abundance and relatively low cost. Microorganisms are often protagonists of biorefineries, as they contribute both to the enzymatic degradation of lignocellulose complex polymers and to the fermentative conversion of the hydrolyzed biomasses into fine and bulk chemicals. Enzymes have therefore become crucial for the development of sustainable biorefineries, being able to provide nutrients to cells from lignocellulose. Enzymatic hydrolysis can be performed by a portfolio of natural enzymes that degrade lignocellulose, often combined into cockt...

1794527353

Prepartum changes in maternal responsiveness and nest defense in Rattus norvegicus..

Journal of Comparative Psychology, 1984

Changes in maternal responsiveness during late pregnancy were traced by exposing females to foster pups (15-30-min tests) under conditions favoring the rapid initiation of maternal behavior. Groups were tested when nonpregnant or on Days 17, 20, 21, or 22 of pregnancy (Day 22 = parturition). Nulliparous females were compared with primiparous and with "experienced breeders." Nest defense was observed by introducing unfamiliar males (2-min tests) on Day 22. Results focused attention on three periods: (a) Days 17-20, when maternal responsiveness was lower than in the nonpregnant condition, (b) Day 21, when maternal responsiveness returned to or rose above nonpregnant levels, and (c) on Day 22, the 3.5 hr prior to delivery, during which 90% of females almost imm...

1794527353

Elective Neck Dissection or Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Early Stage Oral Cavity Cancer Patients: The Dutch Experience

Cancers, 2020

Background: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has been introduced as a diagnostic staging modality for detection of occult metastases in patients with early stage oral cancer. Comparisons regarding accuracy to the routinely used elective neck dissection (END) are lacking in literature. Methods: A retrospective, multicenter cohort study included 390 patients staged by END and 488 by SLNB. Results: The overall sensitivity (84% vs. 81%, p = 0.612) and negative predictive value (NPV) (93%, p = 1.000) were comparable between END and SLNB patients. The END cohort contained more pT2 tumours (51%) compared to the SLNB cohort (23%) (p < 0.001). No differences were found for sensitivity and NPV between SLNB and END divided by pT stage. In floor-of-mouth (FOM) tumou...

1794527353

Docking Ligands into Flexible and Solvated Macromolecules. 7. Impact of Protein Flexibility and Water Molecules on Docking-Based Virtual Screening Accuracy

J. Chem. Inf. Model., 2014

The use of predictive computational methods in the drug discovery process is in a state of continual growth. Over the last two decades, an increasingly large number of docking tools have been developed to identify hits or optimize lead molecules through in-silico screening of chemical libraries to proteins. In recent years, the focus has been on implementing protein flexibility and water molecules. Our efforts led to the development of Fitted first reported in 2007 and further developed since then. In this study, we wished to evaluate the impact of protein flexibility and occurrence of water molecules on the accuracy of the Fitted docking program to discriminate active compounds from inactive compounds in virtual screening (VS) campaigns. For this purpose, a...

1794527353

Mucoadhesive polymers in the design of nano-drug delivery systems for administration by non-parenteral routes: A review

Progress in Polymer Science, 2014

The presence of a mucus layer that covers the surface of a variety of organs has been capitalized to develop mucoadhesive dosage forms that remain in the administration site for prolonged times, increasing the local and/or systemic bioavailability of the administered drug. The emergence of micro and nanotechnologies together with the implementation of non-invasive and painless administration routes has revolutionized the pharmaceutical market and the treatment of disease. Aiming to overcome the main drawbacks of the oral route and to maintain patient compliance high, the engineering of innovative drug delivery systems administrable by mucosal routes has come to light and gained the interest of the scientific community due to the possibility to dramatically c...

1794527353

Therapeutic targeting of IL-6 trans-signaling

Cytokine, 2021

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a cytokine, which is involved in innate and acquired immunity, in neural cell maintenance and in metabolism. IL-6 can be synthesized by many different cells including myeloid cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells and lymphocytes. The synthesis of IL-6 is strongly stimulated by Toll like receptors and by IL-1. Therefore, IL-6 levels in the body are high during infection and inflammatory processes. Moreover, IL-6 is a prominent growth factor of tumor cells and plays a major role in inflammation associated cancer. On target cells, IL-6 binds to an IL-6 receptor, which is not signaling competent. The complex of IL-6 and IL-6 receptor associate with a second receptor subunit, glycoprotein gp130, which dimerizes and initiates intracellular ...

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Bioethics and conflicts of interest

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, 2004

Bioethics has been subject to considerable social criticism in recent years. One criticism that has caused particular discomfort in the bioethics community is that bioethicists, because of the way their work is funded, are involved in profound conflicts of interest that undermine their title to be considered independent moral commentators on developments in biomedicine and biotechnology. This criticism draws its force from the assumption that bioethics is, or ought to be, a type of normative social criticism. Versions of this criticism come from both the political left and right. For instance, such criticisms include allegations that bioethics is inherently socially conservative, that it is inherently “pro-technology”, that it lays spurious claims to mor...

1794527353

Changing intra-metropolitan accessibility in the U.S.: Evidence from Atlanta

Progress in Planning, 1998

Abstract The U.S. federal government appears committed to the idea of performance measurement. The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (1991), provides an opportunity to change the focus of metropolitan transportation planning and policy from fostering mobility (more travel) increasing accessibility (greater potential for desired interaction), which is widely viewed as a desirable objective among planners and the general public. This paper does three things: (1) defines the concept and clarifies questions of measurement, (2) reviews the literature to identify importat issues associated with changing accessibility, including accessibility's relationship to land use and value, poverty and unemployment, race, energy use and air pollution, (3) repor...

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Interfacial Free Energies and Surface Areas of Cycloalkanols and α,ω-Alkanediols at the Air-Water Interface

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 1998

The surface area occupied at the air/water interface for cycloalkanols and alpha,omega-alkanediols has been estimated from surface tension measurements. From these data, standard free energies of transfer of the alkanols from the bulk of the solution to the interface were obtained. Cycloalkanols constitute a family whose surface excess diminishes when the size of the alkyl ring increases and whose free energies of transfer at zero surface pressure are similar to those of 1-alkanols of similar hydrophobicities. alpha,omega-Alkanediols occupy considerably larger surface areas than 1-alkanols, a result that can be interpreted in terms of a different geometrical arrangement of the molecules at the interface. In particular, for alkanediols with n > 7, the data su...

1794527351

Strength degradation mechanism of iron coke prepared by mixed coal and Fe2O3

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2020

Iron coke, as a new type of blast furnace burden is helpful for energy saving, emission reduction and green production of iron making. This study aims to investigate the strength degradation mechanism of iron coke prepared by mixed coal and Fe2O3 to provide a theoretical direction to improve its strength. Coking and pyrolysis experiments of mixed coal and Fe2O3 were carried out between 400 and 500 ℃ temperature. Gieseler plastometer and derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) showed that added Fe2O3 inhibited the thermoplasticity and pyrolysis process of mixed coal during coking. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) results showed that added Fe2O3 decreased the aromaticity and average stacking height, but increased the int...

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Constructing Global Business Networks in China

Journal of East-West Business, 2009

This article explains the issue of business networking for foreign multinational enterprises (MNEs) operating in China from various perspectives (including cultural, political, economic, and marketing perspectives). The article seeks to provide a basic platform for comparing business network development with corruption to clearly differentiate between these two concepts. The article clarifies how foreign MNEs can effectively establish and maintain business networks to navigate their way through the complex institutions in China and local networks. The article suggests that developing a business network strategy could add value to activities of MNEs in China. Although not all established business networks will definitely lead to new opportunities or bring abo...

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Making healthy public policy; developing the science by learning the art: an ecological framework for policy studies

Health Promot Int, 1987

During the 1980s increasing attention has been given to the view that a vast array of public policies have great potential for health promotion and that this potential ought to be developed. After briefly discussing the basis for this concept and its policy implications, this article turns to a major corequisite for making healthy public policy a political reality: learning how to do it. Where healthy public policy exists, how did it happen? This is a question that calls for a new generation of policy studies, one that is relevant to advocates of healthy public policy within and outside governments. An ecological framework of policy-making is proposed for such studies, delineating the social climate, key players, and strategic action. From it, operational in...

1794527351

The Impact of Physician-Nurse Interaction on Patient Care

Holistic Nursing Practice, 1999

The perceptions of physicians and nurses vary in a number of respects, including the extent to which collaboration and joint decision making are valued, the definition of what constitutes adequate and appropriate interprofessional communication, the quality of nurse-physician interactions, and the understanding of respective areas of responsibility as well as patient goals. Reasons for these differences have been attributed to gender, historical origins of the two professions, and disparities between physicians and nurses with regard to socioeconomic status, education, and socialization. Failure of physicians and nurses to interact in a coordinated and positive fashion results in unhealthy work environments and poor patient outcomes. Both professions must ex...

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Ammonia transport by the urinary bladder of Bufo marinus

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology, 1996

All experiments were performed in vitro on toad bladders. Bladder sacs from acidotic toads produced a concentration gradient across the bladder with both [NH3] and [NH4] higher in the mucosal media. By varying the pH of the serosal media, paired sacs from normal toads were incubated with similar [NH3] in the serosal media but a 75 fold difference in [NH4] of the serosal media of the pairs. The hemibladders with the higher [NH4] had a 2.4 fold greater excretory flux than the paired sac. Both serosal to mucosal and mucosal to serosal fluxes were determined in normal bladders between chambers at various ammonium concentration gradients. The plot of mucosal to serosal flux against concentration produced a curve compatible with both carrier mediated and diffusion...

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Generation of Leishmania donovani axenic amastigotes: their growth and biological characteristics

International Journal for Parasitology, 2004

In this report, we describe an in vitro culture system for the generation and propagation of axenic amastigotes from the well characterised 1S-CL2D line of Leishmania donovani. Fine structure analyses of these in vitro-grown amastigotes demonstrated that they possessed morphological features characteristic of L. donovani tissue-derived amastigotes. Further, these axenic amastigotes (LdAxAm) were shown to synthesise and release a secretory acid phosphatase isoform similar to that produced by intracellular amastigotes. Such LdAxAm also expressed surface membrane 3′-nucleotidase enzyme activity similar to that of tissue-derived amastigotes. Moreover, LdAxAm, in contrast to promastigotes, expressed significant levels of the amastigote-specific A2 proteins. In ...

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Textile Antennas and Sensors for Body-Worn Applications

Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett., 2012

This letter presents novel body-worn antennas and medical sensors based on embroidered conductive polymer fibers (e-fibers) on textiles. This technology offers attractive mechanical and RF performance when compared to traditionally flat and rigid antennas and circuits. The e-fibers are composed of high-strength and flexible polymer cores that incorporate conductive metallic coatings. They are readily embroidered onto regular textiles and can also be laminated on to polymer dielectric substrates. The RF characteristics of the e-fiber textiles were evaluated using microstrip transmission line (TL) structures. They exhibited an insertion loss of only 0.07 dB/cm at 1 GHz and 0.15 dB/cm at 2 GHz. Prototype body-worn multiband/wideband antennas and medical sensor ...

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Analysis of carfilzomib cardiovascular safety profile across relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma clinical trials

Blood Adv, 2018

Carfilzomib is a selective proteasome inhibitor approved for the treatment of relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). It has significantly improved outcomes, including overall survival (OS), and shown superiority vs standard treatment with lenalidomide plus dexamethasone and bortezomib plus dexamethasone. The incidence rate of cardiovascular (CV) events with carfilzomib treatment has varied across trials. This analysis evaluated phase 1-3 trials with >2000 RRMM patients exposed to carfilzomib to describe the incidence of CV adverse events (AEs). In addition, the individual CV safety data of >1000 patients enrolled in the carfilzomib arm of phase 3 studies were compared with the control arms to assess the benefit-risk profile of carfilzomib. Pooli...

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Line Tension Measurements through Drop Size Dependence of Contact Angle

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 1998

Experiments with different organic liquids have been conducted to study the drop size dependence of the contact angles on a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) surface of 1-octadecanethiol (HS(CH2)17CH3) on gold. Low-rate dynamic advancing contact angles were measured for sessile drops in vapor-saturated air using Axisymmetric Drop Shape Analysis-Profile (ADSA-P). The experiments were performed using a minimum of eight separately prepared SAM surfaces for each liquid. Although a degree of scatter in the measured contact angles existed, the general trend observed for each run was that the contact angles decreased as the radius of the three-phase line for the sessile drop increased from approximately 1 to 5 mm. To obtain a better view of the overall trend, the cont...

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Key role of bacteria in the short‐term cycling of carbon at the abyssal seafloor in a low particulate organic carbon flux region of the eastern Pacific Ocean

Limnology & Oceanography, 2018

The cycling of carbon (C) by benthic organisms is a key ecosystem function in the deep sea. Pulse-chase experiments are designed to quantify this process, yet few studies have been carried out using abyssal (3500–6000 m) sediments and only a handful of studies have been undertaken in situ. We undertook eight in situ pulse-chase experiments in three abyssal strata (4050–4200 m water depth) separated by tens to hundreds of kilometers in the eastern Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone (CCFZ). These experiments demonstrated that benthic bacteria dominated the consumption of phytodetritus over short (~ 1.5 d) time scales, with metazoan macrofauna playing a minor role. These results contrast with the only other comparable in situ abyssal study, where macrofauna d...

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Development of a Heterodyne Photon Correlation Spectroscopy Measuring Probe for Highly Concentrated Dispersions

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 1998

A new FOQELS setup is described for use in concentrated dispersions. A fiber-to-fiber coupler is introduced as an extra local oscillator source. This results in a reliable determination of the diffusion coefficient of concentrated dispersions where the heterodyne mode appertains at every concentration. This system is compared with others and results are presented of measurements of a 176-nm latex dispersion and a 230-nm titanium-dioxide dispersion. The diffusion coefficients measured with the new setup clearly differ from those measured with a single optical fiber probe, which are within the mixed homodyne-heterodyne regime; when taking this degree of mixing into account, the latter results can be transferred to the value of the true diffusion coefficients. ...

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Moduli Spaces of Reflexive Sheaves of Rank 2

Can. j. math., 2010

Abstract Let ℱ be a coherent rank 2 sheaf on a scheme Y ⊂ ℙ n of dimension at least two and let X ⊂ Y be the zero set of a section σ ∈ H 0 (ℱ). In this paper, we study the relationship between the functor that deforms the pair (ℱ, σ) and the two functors that deform F on Y , and X in Y , respectively. By imposing some conditions on two forgetful maps between the functors, we prove that the scheme structure of e.g., the moduli scheme M Y ( P ) of stable sheaves on a threefold Y at (ℱ), and the scheme structure at ( X ) of the Hilbert scheme of curves on Y become closely related. Using this relationship, we get criteria for the dimension and smoothness of M Y ( P ) at (ℱ), without assuming Ext 2 (ℱ,ℱ) = 0. For reflexive sheaves on Y = �...

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Locally Weighted Regression: An Approach to Regression Analysis by Local Fitting

Journal of the American Statistical Association, 1988

Abstract Locally weighted regression, or loess, is a way of estimating a regression surface through a multivariate smoothing procedure, fitting a function of the independent variables locally and in a moving fashion analogous to how a moving average is computed for a time series. With local fitting we can estimate a much wider class of regression surfaces than with the usual classes of parametric functions, such as polynomials. The goal of this article is to show, through applications, how loess can be used for three purposes: data exploration, diagnostic checking of parametric models, and providing a nonparametric regression surface. Along the way, the following methodology is introduced: (a) a multivariate smoothing procedure that is an extension of univar...

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Unveiling the Catalytic Origin of Nanocrystalline Yttrium Ruthenate Pyrochlore as a Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Zn–Air Batteries

Nano Lett., 2017

Zn-air batteries suffer from the slow kinetics of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and/or oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Thus, the bifunctional electrocatalysts are required for the practical application of rechargeable Zn-air batteries. In terms of the catalytic activity and structural stability, pyrochlore oxides (A2[B2-xAx]O7-y) have emerged as promising candidates. However, a limited use of A-site cations (e.g., lead or bismuth cations) of reported pyrochlore catalysts have hampered broad understanding of their catalytic effect and structure. More seriously, the catalytic origin of the pyrochlore structure was not clearly revealed yet. Here, we report the new nanocrystalline yttrium ruthenate (Y2[Ru2-xYx]O7-y) with pyrochlore structure. The prepared pyr...

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Effect of Ionic Strength on the Initial Dynamics of Flocculation of Polystyrene Latex with Polyelectrolyte

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 1998

The effect of ionic strength on the kinetics of flocculation of polystyrene latex (PSL) particles induced by addition of excess polyelectrolyte was studied. The flocculation experiment was performed in the standardized mixing flow generated by using an end-over-end rotation apparatus and by changing the ionic strength and polyelectrolyte concentration. We focused our attention on the initial process of flocculation, which is characterized by a remarkably high rate of flocculation (the first stage) followed by an abrupt decrease in the flocculation rate (the second stage). The combined measurements of the rate of flocculation and the electrophoretic mobility as a function of mixing steps revealed a transient state of polyelectrolyte adsorbing on the bare surf...

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Being met[mdash ]A passageway to hope for relatives of patients at risk of committing suicide: A phenomenological hermeneutic study

Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 2001

Fifteen Norwegian relatives narrated their experiences of "being met" by mental health care personnel regarding the care of their adult family member who had seriously thought about or attempted suicide. The narrative interviews were audiotaped, transcribed into text, and then interpreted using a phenomenological hermeneutic method. The results of the interpretation revealed that the context of being met was characterized by "being helpless and powerless." The six themes that were constructed describing being met were: Being-seen as a human being; participating in an I-Thou relationship; trusting personnel, treatment, and care; feeling trusted by personnel; being consoled; and entering into hope. The experience of being met in the midst of the care of a rela...

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Level-Specific Evaluation of Model Fit in Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling

Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2009

In multilevel structural equation modeling, the “standard” approach to evaluating the goodness of model fit has a potential limitation in detecting the lack of fit at the higher level. Level-specific model fit evaluation can address this limitation and is more informative in locating the source of lack of model fit. We proposed level-specific test statistics for the test of overall model fit, comparative fit index, and root mean squared error of approximation using partially saturated models, and we also considered another level-specific approach proposed by Yuan and Bentler (2007) Yuan, K.-H. and Bentler, P. M. 2007. Multilevel covariance structure analysis by fitting multiple single-level models.. Sociological Methodology, 37: 53–82. [Crossref], [Web...

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Cosmological constraints in the presence of ionizing and resonance radiation at recombination

Phys. Rev. D, 2007

With the recent measurement of full sky cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization from WMAP, key cosmological degeneracies have been broken, allowing tighter constraints to be placed on cosmological parameters inferred assuming a standard recombination scenario. Here we consider the effect on cosmological constraints if additional ionizing and resonance radiation sources are present at recombination. We find that the new CMB data significantly improve the constraints on the additional radiation sources, with ${log}_{10}[{ϵ}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}}]<\ensuremath{-}0.5$ and ${log}_{10}[{ϵ}_{i}]<\ensuremath{-}2.4$ at 95% c.l. for resonance and ionizing sources, respectively. Including the generalized recombination scenario, however, we find that...

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Football and the media construction of Iranian national identity during the FIFA World Cup 2018 and AFC Asian Cup 2019

Soccer & Society, 2021

Elite sport success in international tournaments is supposed to play an important role in shaping national identity. In this article, we explore if and how this applies to the Iranian context. The current study made use of a Google alert with the title of ‘Iran Men’s National Football Team’, and a general content analysis of Iranian national and sport media. The analytic focus was on media coverage of the Iranian national football team at the 2018 FIFA World Cup and the 2019 AFC Asian Cup. All relevant newspaper articles before, during, and after Iran’s matches were reviewed, coded, and analysed. We developed four main themes in the coverage expressing Iranian identity in the context of the aforesaid football events: ‘united passion’, ‘determin...

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Global financial conditions and asset markets: Evidence from fragile emerging economies

Economic Modelling, 2016

This study examines the effects of global financial conditions on the asset markets of five fragile emerging economies—Brazil, India, Indonesia, South Africa, and Turkey—known as the Fragile Five. We estimate a structural vector autoregressive model with a block exogeneity procedure using high-frequency daily data and Bayesian inference. Our primary findings are as follows. (i) Global financial risk shocks have significant effects on government bond yields, equity prices, CDS spreads, and exchange rates in the Fragile Five. (ii) The effects differ considerably across the fragile countries and the assets. (iii) These country differentiations are strongly related to macroeconomic fundamentals. Finally, (iv) global financial risk shocks have a greater immed...

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Determination of Structure of Aggregates by Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 1998

The fractal dimension of a particle aggregate can provide fundamental information on the structure and origin of the aggregate. The analysis of large chemically homogeneous fractal objects has been achieved, but reliable methods of estimating the fractal dimensions of large and chemically heterogeneous aggregates are needed. To this end, we used confocal scanning laser microscopy in which thin optical sections of aggregates were obtained in order to calculate their 2D and ultimately 3D fractal dimensions according to the Mandelbrot theory. Fractal dimensions of 2.08 +/- 0.11 for a Brownian aggregation of latex particles and 2.25 +/- 0.12 for shear aggregation were determined using the confocal technique. These values are within the ranges for universality cl...

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High-Efficiency Photon-Capturing Capability of Two-Dimensional SnS Nanosheets for Photoelectrochemical Cells

Catalysts, 2021

Cost-effective, abundant, and non-toxic SnS nanosheet semiconductors can be used as water-splitting cells. Herein, a photoanode based on high-purity and highly crystalline SnS nanosheets was fabricated. We used sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3·5H2O) and stannous chloride (SnCl2·2H2O) as the tin and sulfur source materials, in place of SnCl4 and H2S gas, respectively, which have been used in previous studies. This gas-free fabrication process represents a new, environment-friendly fabrication method that can reduce the manufacturing cost of SnS nanosheets. The fabricated samples were characterized via X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, XPS, scanning electron microscopy, and Raman analyses. The XPS result indicated no Sn0 or Sn4+ in the S3 nanos...

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Diagnostic Performance of Pretreatment 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography With or Without Computed Tomography in Patients With Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma: Updated Systematic Review and Diagnostic Test Accuracy Meta-analyses

Clinical Lymphoma Myeloma and Leukemia, 2021

This review aimed to assess diagnostic performance of 18F-flouro-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) with or without computed tomography (CT) scan in primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). Eligible studies reporting diagnostic accuracy of pretreatment FDG-PET(CT) scan in immunocompetent adults with PCNSL were identified through systematic literature search. Data on diagnostic performance from individual studies was summarized in a 2 × 2 table classifying patients as true positives, true negatives, false positives, and false negatives using histopathologic diagnosis as reference standard. Random-effects model was used to calculate weighted-mean pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, a...

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Endovascular stenting versus open surgery for thoracic aortic disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis of perioperative results

Journal of Vascular Surgery, 2008

Background Endovascular stenting has emerged as an alternative to open repair in patients requiring surgery for thoracic aortic pathology. A number of comparative series have been published but, to date, there has been no meta-analysis comparing outcomes following stenting as opposed to open surgery. Methods Electronic abstract databases and conference proceedings were searched to identify relevant series. Pooled odds ratios were calculated using random effects models for perioperative mortality, neurological injury, and major reintervention. Results The search identified 17 eligible series, totaling 1109 patients (538 stenting). Stenting was associated with a significant reduction in mortality (pooled odds ratio 0.36; 95% CI 0.228...

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Legitimacy in an Era of Fragmentation: The Case of Global Climate Governance

Global Environmental Politics, 2013

Studies grounded in regime theory have examined the effectiveness of “minilateral” climate change forums that have emerged outside of the UN climate process. However, there are no detailed studies of the legitimacy of these forums or of the impacts of their legitimacy on effectiveness and governance potential. Adopting the lens of legitimacy, we analyze the reasons for the formation of minilateral climate change forums and their recent role in global climate governance. We use Karlsson-Vinkhuyzen and Vihma's analytical framework for international institutions to examine three minilateral climate forums: the Asia-Pacific Partnership, the Major Economies Meetings, and the G8 climate process. These forums have significant deficits in their source-based, pro...

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Ammonia emission factors for UK agriculture

Atmospheric Environment, 2000

Ammonia (NH3) emission inventories are required for modelling atmospheric NH3 transport and estimating downwind deposition. A recent inventory for UK agriculture, estimating emission as 197 kt NH3–N yr−1, was constructed using 1993 statistical and census data for the UK. This paper describes the derivation of the UK-based emission factors used in the calculation of that emission for a range of livestock classes, farm practices and fertiliser applications to agricultural land. Some emission factors have been updated where more recent information has become available. Some of the largest emission factors derived for each farming practice include 16.9 g NH3–N dairy cow−1 d−1 for grazing, 148.8 g NH3–N liveweight unit−1 yr−1 for housed broilers a...

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The stimulus familiarity problem in semantic memory research

Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1980

Much of the research in the area of semantic memory is concerned with determining what characteristics of words (e.g., category size) or relationships between words (e.g., instance—category relatedness) influence reaction time (RT) in sentence verification tasks. Research of this sort is essentially correlational, so that it is impossible to establish with any degree of certainty that a particular result is due to a particular independent variable, rather than to some extraneous variable confounded with it. The present study suggests that in several recent semantic memory experiments, the independent variables of interest have been confounded with the familiarity of the stimulus words, and that the RT results obtained in these experiments may reflect the e...

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Toward Dynamic Link Utilization for Efficient Vehicular Edge Content Distribution

IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., 2019

With the significant advance of connected vehicles, future demand for vehicular infotainment services will be greatly increased. Traditional content distribution approaches based on typical cellular architecture suffer from long latency and unstable connections in high-dynamic vehicular environments and even may cause congestion on the backhaul network due to a large amount of requested data. In this paper, we propose a novel content delivery framework by leveraging the 5G edge networks, in which the content caching and data prefetching techniques are exploited accordingly. We investigate the comprehensive dynamic link utilization problem in 5G edge networks from the perspectives of vehicle users and network operator, respectively. For the vehicle users' per...

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Enzymatic hydrolysis of hemicelluloses from Miscanthus to monosaccharides or xylo-oligosaccharides by recombinant hemicellulases

Industrial Crops and Products, 2016

Hemicelluloses isolated from holocellulose (MHOC) from Miscanthus were characterized by RP-HPLC-UV, FT-IR, and NMR. The hemicelluloses and recombinant hemicellulases, including endo-β-1,4-xylanases (HoXyn11A and AnXyn10C), β-xylosidases (AnXln3D), and α-l-arabinofuranosidases (AnAxh62A), as well as their interaction mechanisms were investigated by enzymatic hydrolysis. AnXyn10C released shorter end products than HoXyn11A from isolated hemicelluloses (IHEC). AnAxh62A was able to release all single-substituted α-l-arabinofuranosyl residues from IHEC. AnXyn10C and HoXyn11A were able to directly act on MHOC, whereas AnAxh62A and AnXln3D did not. The combination of HoXyn11A and AnAxh62A produced the highest xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) yield from IHEC, whereas...

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Electrical resistance tomography: A review of the application of conducting vessel walls

Powder Technology, 2014

Despite decades of research, the study on tomography continues to be a subject of great scientific interest. Amongst all the kinds of tomography available, electrical resistance tomography (ERT) has been chosen as the field of study because of its advantages of being low cost, suitable for various kinds and sizes of pipes and vessels, having no radiation hazard, and being non-intrusive. In the development of ERT systems for conducting vessel walls, prior knowledge of the fundamental process of the ERT system whilst improving the design and operation of the process equipment is essential. In this paper, a review of the application of ERT for the conducting vessel wall is presented, providing information about its evolution over the years. The limitations and ...

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The Role of Muscle in Bone Repair: The Cells, Signals, and Tissue Responses to Injury

Curr Osteoporos Rep, 2013

Bone repair is a complicated process that includes many types of cells, signaling molecules, and growth factors. Fracture healing involves a temporally and spatially regulated biologic process that involves recruitment of stem cells to the injury site, tissue specific differentiation, angiogenesis, and remodeling. In light of its proximity to bone and abundant vascularity, muscle is an important potential source of cells and signals for bone healing. More complete understanding of the role of muscle in bone formation and repair will provide new therapeutic approaches to enhance fracture healing. Recent studies establish that muscle-derived stem cells are able to differentiate into cartilage and bone and can directly participate in fracture healing. The role ...

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Immobilization of Proteins in the Nucleolus by Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer Noncoding RNA

Molecular Cell, 2012

Cellular pathways are established and maintained by stochastic interactions of highly mobile molecules. The nucleolus plays a central role in the regulation of these molecular networks by capturing and immobilizing proteins. Here, we report a function for noncoding RNA (ncRNA) in the regulation of protein dynamics of key cellular factors, including VHL, Hsp70 and MDM2/PML. Stimuli-specific loci of the nucleolar intergenic spacer produce ncRNA capable of capturing and immobilizing proteins that encode a discrete peptidic code referred to as the nucleolar detention sequence (NoDS). Disruption of the NoDS/intergenic RNA interaction enables proteins to evade nucleolar sequestration and retain their dynamic profiles. Mislocalization of intergenic ncRNA triggers p...

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Trust in scientists and their role in society across 68 countries

Nat Hum Behav, 2025

Abstract Science is crucial for evidence-based decision-making. Public trust in scientists can help decision makers act on the basis of the best available evidence, especially during crises. However, in recent years the epistemic authority of science has been challenged, causing concerns about low public trust in scientists. We interrogated these concerns with a preregistered 68-country survey of 71,922 respondents and found that in most countries, most people trust scientists and agree that scientists should engage more in society and policymaking. We found variations between and within countries, which we explain with individual- and country-level variables, including political orientation. While there is no wides...

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A systematic review considering risk factors for mortality of patients discharged from hospital with a diagnosis of diabetes

Journal of Diabetes and its Complications, 2020

To identify known risk factors for mortality for adult patients, discharged from hospital with diabetes. The systematic review was based on the PRISMA protocol. Studies were identified through EMBASE & MEDLINE databases. The inclusion criteria were papers that were published over the last 6 years, in English language, and focused on risk factors of mortality in adult patients with diabetes, after they were discharged from hospitals. This was followed by data extraction “with quality assessment and semi-quantitative synthesis according to PRISMA guidelines”. There were 35 studies identified, considering risk factors relating to mortality for patients, discharged from hospital with diabetes. These studies are distributed internationally. 48 distinct statis...

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Arrhythmia risk stratification based on QT interval instability: An intracardiac electrocardiogram study

Heart Rhythm, 2013

Experimental studies have demonstrated that unstable repolarization dynamics is a risk factor of arrhythmia. We have recently developed an algorithm to detect QT interval (QTI) instability from the clinical electrocardiogram (ECG).To develop a clinical arrhythmia risk stratification index based on the detection of QTI instability.Intracardiac ECGs were recorded at rest in 114 patients with implanted implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs). Patients were followed up until appropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy or death occurred, whichever came first. Each ECG recording was divided into 1-minute episodes (minECGs); the instability in QTI dynamics, if any, of each minECG was detected with our algorithm. An arrhythmia risk index termed...

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Preparation and Properties of Monodisperse Magnetic Cobalt Colloids Grafted with Polyisobutene

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 1998

A single-step method to synthesize monodisperse metallic cobalt particles of diameter around 8 nm is described. The particles are sterically stabilized by modified polyisobutene and form stable ferrofluids in toluene. The core–shell cobalt spheres have a narrow size distribution and are nonaggregated. Various techniques, such as infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and elemental analysis establishes the presence of grafted modified polyisobutene on the surface of cobalt particles. The hydrodynamic thickness of the grafted polyisobutene calculated from sedimentation and viscosity measurements and independently from the dynamic light scattering is ca. 10 nm. The dependence of magnetization has been measured for ferrofluid, showing superparamagnetic beha...

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Year-to-year variation in phytoplankton biomass in an anthropogenically polluted and complex estuary: A novel paradigm for river discharge influence

Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2020

We examined the effects of nutrient availability and turbidity on phytoplankton biomass over 9 years in Gwanyang Bay, Korea, which is an anthropogenically polluted and complex estuary. While dredging and reclamation shaped geochemical features, river discharge with low-turbidity water and sewage treatment plants contributed to nutrient loading. The replete levels of nutrients and short water-residence time suggest the inapplicability of the washout theory, whereas the presence of NH4+ suppressed the growth of phytoplankton. A reduction in the river discharge caused a concomitant decline in the loading and dilution of suspended particles. All these features led to an increase in SPM, light limitation, and NH4+ concentration. GLM estimates revealed negative ef...

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Electrophoretic Mobility of a Sphere in a Spherical Cavity

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 1998

The electrophoretic behavior of a spherical particle in a spherical cavity is analyzed theoretically, taking the effect of double layer polarization into account. We show that for the case where the particle is positively charged and the cavity uncharged if the surface potential of particle is high, the variation of the mobility of the particle as a function of kappaa has a minimum, kappa and a being respectively the reciprocal Debye length and particle radius. This minimum does not appear if the effect of double layer polarization is neglected. The variation of the mobility as a function of kappaa has a minimum for a medium value of lambda (= particle radius/cavity radius); it becomes negligible if lambda is either small or large. In the case where the part...

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Invited paper: Reconciling SGTE and ab initio enthalpies of the elements

Calphad, 2018

The CALPHAD framework is built on assumption that all phases have a well-defined free energy over all accessible composition, temperature and pressure conditions. Unfortunately, it is common for phases to exhibit mechanical instabilities in at least some range of conditions, thus precluding direct experimental measurements and hindering computational efforts. A pragmatic solution has often been to extrapolate free energies from stable region into the unstable regions, but extrapolations from different systems that share a common phase may not agree and extrapolated free energies can unintentionally lie below the free energy of stable phases. Computational approaches that aim to directly calculate the free energy of unstable phases offer a promising avenue to...

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Elevation of c-abl-mRNA in human leukemic b lymphoblasts

Leukemia Research, 1986

Analysis of v-abl-homologous transcripts in peripheral blood leukocytes from 20 leukemia patients revealed a 5-kb species as the major abl-mRNA present. Elevated levels of this 5-kb transcript, together with detectable levels of 2- and 10-kb abl-homologous species, were observed in mRNA samples from two patients, one with Philadelphia chromosome (Ph')-positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in lymphoid blast crisis, and the other with childhood Burkitt-type B-lymphoblastic leukemia. These abl-homologous transcripts differed from the aberrant 8-kb abl-mRNA reported by others in Ph'-positive CML patients in both size and extent of v-abl-homology. No alteration in the organization of v-abl-homologous sequences was detected in the genomic DNA of the Ph'-positive...

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Clinical and Urodynamic Effects of Intravesical Capsaicin Treatment in Patients with Chronic Traumatic Spinal Detrusor Hyperreflexia

Journal of Urology, 1995

We administered capsaicin, a neurotoxic substance causing a reversible suppression of C fiber afferent neuronal activity, in an attempt to decrease bladder hyperreflexia.Capsaicin solution (2 mM.) dissolved in 30% alcohol was instilled into the bladders of 10 men with traumatic chronic spinal lesions and left in place for 30 minutes. Effects on bladder function, including response to cold stimulation, were recorded during treatment, immediately after instillation and at followup.Bladder function improved in all but 1 patient, which was expressed as an increase in cystometric capacity and/or a decrease in maximal detrusor pressure. The effects lasted for 2 to 7 months. Immediately after capsaicin administration the ice water test was negative in half of the p...

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Investigation of Simplifying Assumptions in Mathematical Modeling of Natural Gas Dehydration Using Adsorption Process and Introduction of a New Accurate LDF Model

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2009

In this study, a comprehensive mathematical model was developed to investigate the simplifying assumptions in modeling of natural gas dehydration by the adsorption process. In the developed model the variations of pressure, velocity, and temperature along the bed and the temperature changes inside the particles were considered. Convective heat and mass transfer were considered outside the particles and a diffusion mechanism was taken into account for the heat and mass transfer inside the particles. A dual site Langmuir model was selected to predict adsorption equilibrium and the Peng−Robinson equation of state was used to calculate the gas compressibility factor. The experimental data of Mohamadinejad et al. [Mohamadinejad, H.; et al. Sep. Sci. Technol. 20...

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Phase ordering, transformation, and grain growth of two-dimensional binary colloidal crystals: A phase field crystal modeling

Phys. Rev. Materials, 2019

The formation and dynamics of a wide variety of binary two-dimensional ordered structures and superlattices are investigated through a phase field crystal model with sublattice ordering. Various types of binary ordered phases, the phase diagrams, and the grain growth dynamics and structural transformation processes, including the emergence of topological defects, are examined. The results are compared to the ordering and assembly of two-component colloidal systems. Two factors governing the binary phase ordering are identified, the coupling and competition between the length scales of two sublattices and the selection of average particle densities of two components. The control and variation of these two factors lead to the prediction of various complex bina...

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