Race To Space
By Margaret Moran and Veronica Martinezk
USSR Sputnik I
October 7, 1957 Traveler Orbited Earth Launched by R-7 Ballistic Missile
USSR Sputnik II
November 3, 1957 Launches Laika into orbit
USA Explorer I
January 31, 1958 From Cape Canaveral Jupiter-C ballistic missile Van Allen belts
USA Vanguard I
March 17, 1958 Operated 3 years Solar-powered Geodetic (elevation) measurements
USSR Sputnik III
May 15, 1958 Could have mapped Van Allen belts first Faulty tape recorder
USA NASA is Formed
October 1, 1958 By President Dwight D. Eisenhower Air Force program: military C.I.A. program: intelligence (Corona)
USA Pioneer I
October 11, 1958 Motor failed to ignite Disintegrated after 70,700 miles Pioneers 0 and II failed also
USSR Luna I
October 11, 1959 Orbits sun 146-197 million kilometers from sun 450 days to orbit
USA Able and Baker
March 28, 1959 Launched 300 miles into the air aboard Pioneer IV Carried Able and Baker (monkeys) into space Returned alive
Able
Baker
USSR Luna II
September 12, 1959 Impacted moon on 13th Measured radiation, magnetic fields Scattered Soviet pendants
USSR Luna III
October 4, 1959 Photographed 70% of Moons surface
USA Tiros I
April 1, 1960 First weather satellite Television Infrared Observation Satellite
USA Discoverer XIV
August 18, 1960 First spy satellite Launched from and orbiting space vehicle First successful film recovery First mid-air recovery of a spacecraft Corona project declassified 1995
Discoverer IV is recovered by C-119
USSR First Human in Space
April 12, 1961 Vostok I
Launched at 17,500 mph Spherical to minimize changes in center of gravity
Yuri Gagarin becomes 1st human in space Mission lasted 108 minutes
Yuri Gagarin
USA First American in Space
May 5, 1961 Alan B. Shepard becomes 1st American in Space Freedom 7
Shepard in Freedom 7 just before liftoff
USA Liberty-Bell
July 21, 1961 Gus Grissom launched into suborbital flight Liberty-Bell sank to bottom of Atlantic Ocean Found 38 years later, at depth of more than 15,000 feet
Liberty-Bell at the bottom of the ocean
USA Mariner II
December 14, 1962 Flies past Venus into solar orbit Collected data on Venuss atmosphere
USSR First Woman in Space
June 16, 1963 Valentia Tereshkova becomes first woman in space Vostok VI Photographs revealed aerosol layers
USA Ranger 7
July 31, 1964 Sent straight towards moon Photographed until moment of impact First close-range moon images Resolution of 0.5 meters
USSR Voskhod
March 18, 1965 Alexei Leonov performs first spacewalk 12 minutes
USA Gemini IV
June 3, 1965 Ed White becomes 1st American to walk in space 21 minutes Maneuvered using hand-held jet gun
USA Mariner IV
July 4, 1965 First close-range images of Mars Fly-by
USSR Venus III
November 16, 1965 Impacts Venus
USSR Luna IX
February 3, 1966 First controlled landing on Moon Photographed surface Proved Moons surface could support weight
USSR Luna X
April 3, 1966 First object to orbit moon Timed to pass in between Moon and Earth right as the 23rd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union convened
USA Surveyor I
June 2, 1966 First American craft to make a controlled landing on the moon Tested landing conditions of the Apollo designs
USA Orbiter I
August 14, 1966 Orbits Earth Takes 1st pictures of Earth from the moon
Earth as seen from Orbiter I
USSR Zond V
September 15, 1968 Orbits Moon with two turtles, meal worms, plants, flies, seeds, bacteria, etc. Mission lasts 6 days
USA Apollo VIII
December 1, 1968 Crew: James Lovell, Frank Borman, and William Anders 1st manned flight to Moon
USA Apollo XI
Landed July 20, 1969 Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin walked on the moon Michael Collins remained in orbit
Bibliography
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Bibliography
Gray, Tara. "Animals in Space." Animals in Space. NASA, 02 Aug. 2004. Web. 09 Dec. 2012. Greenfieldboyce, Nell. "After 50 Years, Space Monkeys Not Forgotten." NPR. NPR, 28 May 2009. Web. 12 Dec. 2012. Gutro, Rob. "NASA Goes Back in Time with New Video of First U.S. Weather Satellite." NASA.gov. NASA, 25 May 2010. Web. 08 Jan. 2013. Hamish, Lindsay. "Apollo 8." Apollo 8. Borman Lovell Anders, n.d. Web. 08 Jan. 2013. Hagen, J. P. "Vanguard 1." NSSDC Master Catalog. NASA, n.d. Web. 22 Dec.2012. "International Space Hall of Fame :: New Mexico Museum of Space History :: Inductee Profile." International Space Hall of Fame. New Mexico Museum of Space History, n.d. Web. 08 Jan. 2013.
Bibliography
Ivankov, Artem. "Luna 9." NASA. NASA, n.d. Web. 08 Dec. 2012. Ivankov, Artem. "Luna 10." NASA. NASA, n.d. Web. 08 Jan. 2013. Jaffe, Leonard. "Surveyor 1." NASA. NASA, n.d. Web. 11 Dec. 2012. "Korolev and Sputnik." NASA.gov. NASA, n.d. Web. 09 Dec. 2012. Krebs, Gunter D. "Pioneer 0, 1, 2." USA Spacecraft. Gunter's Space Page, 14 July 2012. Web. 08 Dec. 2012. "Liberty Bell 7 Capsule Raised From the Ocean Floor." CNN.com. Cable News Network, 20 July 1999. Web. 08 Jan. 2013.
Bibliography
"Pioneer IV." Apollo to the Moon. Smithsonian NASM, n.d. Web. 14 Dec. 2012. "Ranger (1961 - 1965)." Ranger to the Moon. NASA, 22 Sept. 2005. Web. 08 Dec. 2012. Schupak, Amanda. "6 Surprising Facts About the First Manned Space Mission." LifesLittleMysteries.com. Life's Litte Mysteries, 06 Apr. 2011. Web. 11 Dec. 2012. Stott, Carole. Mission: Space. New York: DK, 2008. "The Space Race." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 08 Dec. 2012. "Timeline of Space Exploration." TheSpaceRace.com. TheSpaceRace.com, 2009. Web. 15 Dec. 2012.
Bibliography
"USSR Luna 1." Zaryainfo.com. Zarya, n.d. Web. 12 Dec. 2012. "USSR Luna 3." Zaryainfo.com. Zarya, n.d. Web. 08 Dec. 2012. Williams, David R. "Mariner 2." NASA. NASA, n.d. Web. 08 Jan. 2013. Williams, David R. "Zond 5." NASA. NASA, n.d. Web. 12 Dec. 2012.
