Electronic Components

Electronics Unit, Lecture 2

Identification of components and handling precautions to protect them from damage due to electrostatic discharge

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Electronics 2

Passive Components
Resistors Capacitors Inductors Diodes Interface components
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Resistors
Values specified in ohms (), kilo-ohms (K), or mega-ohms (M) Marked with value using a color code
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 5% 10%
Big Bears Run Over Your Gladiola Bed Vexing Garden Worms (go see now) LSU 08/11/2004 Electronics 2 3

Resistor ratings
Physical size of resistors determines power handling ability
Commonly available as 1/8, 1/4, 1/2, 1, and 2 watt components Much higher powers available , usually as wirewound or ceramic encapsulated parts

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Resistor handling and installation

Resistors are not polarized and may be installed in either direction.

Resistors are not generally susceptible to ESD damage, so special precautions are not required. Mechanical stress due to lead bending should be minimized.
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Capacitors
Values specified in microfarads (F) or picofarads (pF) Marked with actual value or a numeric code Some varieties are +/- polarized
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Capacitor types

Ceramic disk

Monolithic ceramic

Dipped siver-mica

Mylar

Mylar

Ceramic disk Monolithic ceramic Dipped silvered-mica Mylar or polyester Aluminum electrolytic (+/-) Tantalum (+/-)

Solid tantalum, polarized LSU 08/11/2004

Radial aluminum electrolytic Electronics 2

Axial aluminum electrolytic 7

Capacitor ratings
Physical size of capacitors is related to voltage handling ability WVDC working voltage DC

Temperature coefficient may also be important can be + or or nearly zero Temperature coefficient depends upon dielectric material
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Capacitor handling and installation

Most capacitors are not polarized and may be installed in either direction. Electrolytic capacitors ARE polarized and MUST be installed with proper polarity, else catastrophic failure! Capacitors are not generally susceptible to ESD damage, so special precautions are not required. Mechanical stress due to lead bending should be minimized.
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Inductors
Values specified in henries (H), millihenries (mH) and microhenries (H) A coil of wire that may be wound on a core of air or other non-magnetic material, or on a magnetic core such as iron powder or ferrite. Two coils magnetically coupled form a transformer.

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Inductor types

Molded inductor & air-wound inductor

Adjustable air-wound inductor

Ferrite core toroidal transformer LSU 08/11/2004

Air wound inductor Electronics 2

Iron powder toroidal inductor 11

Inductor ratings
Wire gauge and physical size of the coil determine the current handling capacity. Core material will have a temperature dependence. Air is best, followed by iron powder, then ferrites.
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Inductor handling and installation

Inductors are not polarized and may be installed in either direction. Inductors are not generally susceptible to ESD damage, so special precautions are not required. Mechanical stress due to lead bending should be minimized.

Inductors in timing or frequency determining circuits should be installed in a mechanically rigid fashion.
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Diodes
Most modern diodes are semiconductor devices, but are considered passive since they do not contribute any amplification or gain to a circuit.

Cathode

Anode

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Diode types
May be classified by semiconductor material
silicon, germanium, gallium arsenide, etc.

Or classified by circuit function

Small signal detector or switching diode

Rectifier diode

Light-emitting diode (LED) LSU 08/11/2004 Electronics 2 15

Diode Ratings
Peak inverse voltage (PIV) Maximum forward current (IF) Maximum forward voltage drop (VF) Reverse leakage current (IR)
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Diode handling and installation

Diodes are polarized and must be installed in with correct orientation.

Many diodes are modestly susceptible to ESD damage, so normal ESD precautions should be taken.
Mechanical stress due to lead bending should be minimized.

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Interface components
Switches Plugs Sockets Panel controls

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Two common plug styles

Sleeve

Ring

Tip

1/8 stereo phone plug

1/8 mono phone plug Shield RCA plug Tip

Sleeve LSU 08/11/2004

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Active Components
Transistors Bipolar Field effect Integrated circuits Analog Digital Microcontroller
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Transistors

Three terminal devices manufactured in a variety of package styles. Can you find the three terminals of this, the very first transistor?
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Terminal Designations and packaging styles

Collector

Base

Emitter
Drain
2N2222 in a TO-92 package 2N2222A in a TO-18 package

Gate

Source
Electronics 2

2SC2078 in a TO-220 package

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Transistor handling and installation

Transistors are polarized and must be installed in with correct orientation.
Most BJT transistors are modestly susceptible to ESD damage, so normal ESD precautions should be taken. MOSFET (IGFET) transistors are very susceptible to ESD damage, so rigorous precautions should be taken.

Mechanical stress due to lead bending should be minimized.

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Integrated Circuits
Integrated circuits (ICs) are multi-terminal devices that provide an array of functions and applications far to numerous to list here.

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Pin identification and numbering convention

Pins are numbered sequentially in a counterclockwise direction.
Pin 14 Pin 8

Pin 1 is often identified with a dot or a dimple.

The pin 1 end of the chip is often identified with a notch.

Notch Dimple

Pin 1

Pin 7

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IC handling and installation

ICs are polarized and must be installed with correct orientation. Observe pin 1 location on sockets or circuits. Treat all ICs as if they are very susceptible to ESD damage (very many actually are), so rigorous precautions should be taken. Leads generally should not be bent.
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Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Protection

Ground your work surface
Use an anti-static mat

Ground your tools (i.e., soldering iron)

Many irons are constructed with a grounded tip

Ground yourself
Use a wrist or ankle strap, but always include a series resistor of high value to avoid any shock hazard.

Touch a grounded object before handling static sensitive components.

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Activity E-2
http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/symbol.htm
Inventory the parts supplied in your SkeeterSat kit. A complete parts list is provided. Determine if any parts require ESD precautions. Sort the parts into groups according the component types you have studied today Determine the value and tolerance of each part as appropriate.

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