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NOTE: Although care was taken in choosing and presenting the data in this guide, AWS cannot guarantee that it is error free. Further, this guide is not intended to be an exhaustive treatment of the topic and therefore may not include all available information, including with respect to safety and health issues. By publishing this guide, AWS does not insure anyone using the information it contains against any liability or injury to property or persons arising from that use.
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Table of Contents
Single-bevel-groove weld (4) T-joint (T), Corner joint (C) .............................. 19 Butt joint (B) ..................................................... 20 Nomenclature of Groove Joint Details......................7 Double-bevel-groove weld (5) Legend for Groove Details ..................................7 T-joint (T), Corner joint (C) .............................. 21 Legend for AWS Joint Designations ...................8 Butt joint (B) ..................................................... 22 Butt joint (B), T-joint (T), Corner joint (C) ...... 23 Square-groove weld (1) Butt joint (B), Corner joint (C) ..........................10 Single-U-groove weld (6) Butt joint (B) ......................................................11 Butt joint (B), Corner joint (C).......................... 24 T-joint (T), Corner joint (C) ..............................12 Double-U-groove weld (7) Butt joint (B) ..................................................... 25 Single-V-groove weld (2) Butt joint (B) ......................................................13 Single-J-groove weld (8) Butt joint (B) ......................................................14 Butt joint (B) ..................................................... 26 Corner joint (C)..................................................15 T-joint (T), Corner joint (C) .............................. 27 Double-J-groove weld (8) Double-V-groove weld (3) Butt joint (B) ..................................................... 28 Butt joint (B) ......................................................16 T-joint (T), Corner joint (C) .............................. 29 Butt joint (B) ......................................................17 Metric Conversion Table ........................................ 30 Single-U-groove weld (4) Copyright American Welding Society Other Publications Butt joint (B) ......................................................18 Provided by IHS under license with AWS Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100Available from AWS ............... 31 Basic Safety Precautions ...........................................4 Introduction ...............................................................6
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Basic Safety Precautions
Electrical Hazards. Electric shock can kill. However, it can be avoided. Live electrical parts should not be touched. The manufacturers instructions and recommended safe practices should be read and understood. Faulty installation, improper grounding, and incorrect operation and maintenance of electrical equipment are all sources of danger. All electrical equipment and the workpiece should be grounded. The workpiece lead is not a ground lead. It is used only to complete the welding circuit. A separate connection is required to ground the workpiece. The workpiece should not be mistaken for a ground connection.
4
Burn Protection. Molten metal, sparks, slag, and hot work surfaces are produced by welding, cutting, and allied processes. These can cause burns if precautionary measures are not used. Workers should wear protective clothing made of fire-resistant material. Pant cuffs, open pockets, or other places on clothing that can catch and retain molten metal or sparks should not be worn. High-top shoes or leather leggings and fire-resistant gloves should be worn. Pant legs should be worn over the outside of high-top shoes. Helmets or hand shields that provide protection for the face, neck, and ears, and a head covering to protect the head should be used. In addition, appropriate eye protection should be used.
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Fumes and Gases. Many welding, cutting, and allied processes produce fumes and gases which may be harmful to health. Avoid breathing the air in the fume plume directly above the arc. Do not weld in a confined area without a ventilation system. Use point-of-welding fume removal when welding galvanized steel, zinc, lead, cadmium, chromium, manganese, brass, or bronze. Do not weld on piping or containers that have held hazardous materials unless the containers have been inerted properly.
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Compressed Gas Cylinders. Keep caps on cylinders when not in use. Make sure that gas cylinders are chained to a wall or other structural support. Radiation. Arc welding may produce ultraviolet, infrared, or light radiation. Always wear protective clothing and eye protection to protect the skin and eyes from radiation. Shield others from light radiation from your welding operation.
AWS also recommends a personal copy of Arc Welding Safely, Fire Safety in Welding and Cutting, Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes, and The Independent Shops Guide to Welding Safety and Health.
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Introduction
This pocket handbook consists of selected welded joint details applicable to the welding of plate and shapes for structural applications. The joint details conform to the design and dimensions for Prequalified Joint Details in AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2004, Structural Welding CodeSteel. The user should consult AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2004 (or later edition) for joint dimensional tolerances that are permissible and for notes concerning application of the specific joint detail. The joint details shown in this pocket handbook are applicable for designing joints that are to be used in making complete joint penetration welds in plate and shapes. Several of the joint details in this pocket handbook are applicable for welding joints in tubular products. Submerged arc welding (SAW) is applicable for diameters greater than 24 in. (610 mm). Joints to be used for tubular connections should have a groove angle of not less than 60. These joint details specifically apply to welded joints made in low carbon construction steels. Several of these details may be applicable for welding alloy steels as well as structural aluminum. When applying the joint details in this pocket handbook to materials other than low carbon construction steels, the appropriate welding specifications for the specific material should be consulted.
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Nomenclature of Groove Joint Details
Legend for Groove Details
Shown: R = Root Opening (maximum) S1 = Depth of Groove, Side 1 S2 = Depth of Groove, Side 2 T = Base Metal Thickness = Groove Angle (minimum) = Bevel Angle (maximum) f = Root Face (maximum) Additional, But Not Illustrated: r = Groove radius (minimum) s = Spacer strip
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Figure 1Example of Details for Illustrative Purpose
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Legend for AWS Joint Designations
Symbols for joint types (B) butt joint (C) corner joint (WP) Welding Positions Permitted (T) T-joint (BC) butt or corner joint (GS) FCAW Gas Shielding Reqd. (TC) T- or corner joint (BTC) butt, T-, or corner joint (Desig.) AWS Joint Designation Symbols for base metal thickness L limited thickness Symbols for weld types (1) square groove (2) single-V-groove (3) double-V-groove (4) single-bevel-groove (5) double-bevel-groove
U unlimited thickness
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(6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
single-U-groove double-U-groove single-J-groove double-J-groove flare bevel groove
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Symbols for welding process, if not shielded metal arc S submerged arc welding G gas metal arc welding F flux cored arc welding Welding processes SMAW shielded metal arc welding GMAW gas metal arc welding SAW submerged arc welding FCAW flux cored arc welding
SMAW
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BACKGOUGE (EXCEPT B-L1-S)
Welding Process GMAW FCAW B-L1b-GF 3/8 max 1/8 All Not reqd. SAW B-L1a-S 5/8 max 0 F SAW B-L1-S 3/8 max 0 F
Welding positions F flat H horizontal V vertical OH overhead The lower case letters, e.g., a, b, c, etc., are used to differentiate between joints that would otherwise have the same joint designation.
Desig. T R WP GS
B-L1b 1/4 max T1/2 All
Figure 2Example of Designations for Illustrative Purpose
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Square-groove weld (1) Butt joint (B) Corner joint (C)
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Welding Process SMAW Desig. T1 T2 R WP GS B-L1a 1/4 max T1 All SMAW C-L1a 1/4 max U T1 All GMAW FCAW B-L1a-GF 3/8 max T1 All Not reqd.
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Square-groove weld (1) Butt joint (B)
BACKGOUGE (EXCEPT B-L1-S)
Welding Process SMAW Desig. T R WP GS B-L1b 1/4 max T1/2 All SAW B-L1a-S 5/8 max 0 F SAW B-L1-S 3/8 max 0 F
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GMAW FCAW B-L1b-GF 3/8 max 1/8 All Not reqd.
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Square-groove weld (1) T-joint (T) Corner joint (C)
Welding Process SMAW Desig. T1 T2 R WP GS
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GMAW FCAW TC-L1-GF 3/8 max U 1/8 All Not reqd.
SAW TC-L1-S 3/8 max U 0 F
TC-L1b 1/4 max U T1 /2 All
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Single-V-groove weld (2) Butt joint (B)
BACKGOUGE
Welding Process SMAW Desig. T R f WP GS
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B-U2 U 1/8 60 1/8 All
B-U2-GF U 1/8 60 1/8 All Not reqd.
B-L2c-S >1/2 to 1 0 60 1/4 F
B-L2c-S 0 60 1/2 F
B-2Lc-S 0 60 5/8 F
> 1 to 1-1/2 >1-1/2 to 2
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GMAW FCAW
SAW
SAW
SAW
Single-V-groove weld (2) Butt joint (B)
Welding Process SMAW SMAW SMAW Desig. B-U2a T R WP GS U 1/4 45 All B-U2a U 3/8 30 U 1/2 20 GMAW FCAW U 3/16 30 GMAW FCAW U 3/8 30 F, V, OH GMAW FCAW U 1/4 45 F, V, OH SAW 2 max 1/4 30 F SAW U 5/8 20 F
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B-U2a B-U2a-GF B-U2a-GF B-U2a-GF B-L2a-S B-U2a-S
F, V, OH F, V, OH F, V, OH
Required Not reqd. Not reqd.
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Single-V-groove weld (2) Corner joint (C)
SMAW Desig. T R f WP GS
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GMAW FCAW C-U2-GF U 1/8 60 1/8 All Not reqd.
SAW C-U2b-S U 1/8 60 1/4 F
C-U2 U 1/8 60 1/8 All
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Welding Process
Double-V-groove weld (3) Butt joint (B)
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Welding Process SMAW Desig. T R f s WP B-U3a U 1/4 45 1/8 1/8 R All SMAW B-U3a U 3/8 30 1/8 1/8 R F, V, OH SMAW B-U3a U 1/2 20 1/8 1/8 R F, V, OH SAW B-U3a-S U 5/8 20 1/4 1/4 R F
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Double-V-groove weld (3) Butt joint (B)
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Welding Process SMAW Desig. B-U3b T U R 1/8 60 f 1/8 S1 WP All GS GMAW FCAW B-U3-GF U 1/8 60 1/8 All Not reqd. SAW B-U3c-S U 0 60 1/14 See table F
For B-U3c-S only T1 over 2 2-1/2 3 3-5/8 4 4-3/4 5-1/2 to 2-1/2 3 3-5/8 4 4-3/4 5-1/2 6-1/4 S1 1-3/8 1-3/4 2-1/8 2-3/8 2-3/4 3-1/4 3-3/4
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Single-U-groove weld (4) Butt joint (B)
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Welding Process SMAW Desig. T R GS WP B-U4a U 1/4 45 All SMAW B-U4a U 3/8 30 All GMAW FCAW B-U4a-GF U 3/16 30 Required All GMAW FCAW B-U4a-GF U 1/4 45 Not reqd. All GMAW FCAW B-U4a-GF U 3/8 30 Not reqd. F, H SAW B-U4a-S U 3/8 30 F SAW B-U4a-S U 1/4 45 F
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Single-bevel-groove weld (4) T-joint (T) Corner joint (C)
Welding Process SMAW SMAW GMAW FCAW GMAW FCAW GMAW FCAW SAW SAW
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Desig. TC-U4a TC-U4a TC-U4a-GF TC-U4a-GF TC-U4a-GF TC-U4a-S TC-U4a-S T U U U U U U U R 1/4 3/8 3/16 3/8 1/4 3/8 1/4 45 30 30 30 45 30 45 GS Required Not reqd. Not reqd. WP All F, H, OH All F All F F
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Single-bevel-groove weld (4) Butt joint (B)
Welding Process SMAW Desig. T R f WP GS B-U4b U 1/8 45 1/8 All GMAW FCAW B-U4b-GF U 1/8 45 1/8 All Not reqd. SAW B-U4b-S U 0 60 1/4 F
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Double-bevel-groove weld (5) T-joint (T) Corner joint (C)
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Welding Process SMAW Desig. T R f GS WP TC-U5b U 1/8 45 1/8 All GMAW FCAW TC-U5-GF U 1/8 45 1/8 Not reqd. All SAW TC-U5-S U 0 60 1/4 F
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Double-bevel-groove weld (5) Butt joint (B)
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Welding Process SMAW Desig. T R f WP GS B-U5a U 1/8 1/8 45 15 All GMAW FCAW B-U5-GF U 1/8 1/8 45 15 All Not reqd.
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Double-bevel-groove weld (5) Butt joint (B) T-joint (T) Corner joint (C)
SMAW Desig. T R f s WP
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SMAW TC-U5a U 1/4 45 1/8 1/4 R All
SMAW TC-U5a U 3/8 30 1/8 1/4 R F, OH
B-U5b U 1/4 45 1/8 1/8 R All
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Welding Process
Single-U-groove weld (6) Butt joint (B) Corner joint (C)
Welding Process GMAW GMAW SMAW SMAW SMAW SMAW FCAW FCAW Desig. B-U6 B-U6 C-U6 C-U6 B-U6-GF C-U6-GF T U U U U U U R 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 45 20 45 20 20 20 f 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 r 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 GS Not reqd. Not reqd. WP All F, OH All F, OH All All 24
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Double-U-groove weld (7) Butt joint (B)
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Welding Process SMAW Desig. T R f r WP GS B-U7 U 1/8 45 1/8 1/4 All SMAW B-U7 U 1/8 20 1/8 1/4 F, OH GMAW FCAW B-U7-GF U 1/8 20 1/8 1/4 All Not reqd. SMAW B-U7-S U 0 20 1/4 1/4 F
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Single-J-groove weld (8) Butt joint (B)
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Welding Process SMAW Desig. T R f r WP GS B-U8 U 1/8 45 1/8 3/8 All GMAW FCAW B-U8-GF U 1/8 30 1/8 3/8 All Not reqd. SAW B-U8-S U 0 45 1/4 3/8 F
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Single-J-groove weld (8) T-joint (T) Corner joint (C)
Welding Process SMAW Desig. T R f r WP GS TC-U8a U 1/8 45 1/8 3/8 All SMAW TC-U8a U 1/8 30 1/8 3/8 F, OH GMAW FCAW TC-U8a-GF U 1/8 30 1/8 3/8 All Not reqd. SAW TC-U8a-S U 0 45 1/4 3/8 F
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Double-J-groove weld (8) Butt joint (B)
Welding Process SMAW Desig. T R f r WP GS B-U9 U 1/8 45 1/8 3/8 All GMAW FCAW B-U9-GF U 1/8 30 1/8 3/8 All Not reqd.
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Double-J-groove weld (8) T-joint (T) Corner joint (C)
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Welding Process SMAW Desig. T R f r WP GS TC-U9a U 1/8 45 1/8 3/8 All SMAW TC-U9a U 1/8 30 1/8 3/8 F, OH GMAW FCAW TC-U9a-GF U 1/8 30 1/8 3/8 All Not reqd.
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Metric Conversion Table
(Commonly used conversions) To Convert From inches2 millimeters2 feet3/hour liters/minute inches millimeters inches centimeters feet meters pounds kilograms psi kPa psi MPa 30 To millimeters2 inches2 liters/minute feet3/hour millimeters inches centimeters inches meters feet kilograms pounds kilopascal (kPa) psi megapascal (MPa) psi
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Property area flow rate linear
mass (weight) pressure tensile strength
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Multiply by 6.452 102 1.550 103 0.472 2.119 25.4 3.937 102 2.54 0.3937 0.305 3.281 2.205 0.454 6.895 0.145 6.895 103 1.450 102
Other Publications Available from AWS
Order No. Title D1.1 Structural Welding CodeSteel Acknowledged worldwide as being a universal standard for assuring quality welding. D1.3 Structural Welding CodeSheet Steel Gives allowable stresses and supplies correct techniques, qualification, and inspection instructions for coated or galvanized sheet steel. Structural Welding CodeReinforcing Steel Seven succinct chapters, appendices, tables, illustrations. The Everyday Pocket Handbook for Arc Welding Steel Good electrode coverage for SMAW, GMAW, and FCAW. Standard Welding Terms and Definitions Terms you wont find in your regular dictionary. Correct and nonstandard terms are both included. 1,200 definitions. For more information on AWS publications go to www.aws.org.
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D1.4 PHB-1 A3.0
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550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, Florida 33126
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