CAUSES PEOPLE TO KNOW
MILITARISM ALLIANCES
ARCHDUKE FERDINAND WOODROW WILSON CZAR NICHOLAS II
KAISER WILHELM II
IMPERIALISM NATIONALISM DIPLOMATIC FAILURES
OUTCOMES &
COLONIES DEMAND INDEPENDENCE
GLOBAL EFFECTS
MAJOR
EVENTS
ASSASSINATION OF ARCHDUKE LUSITANIA SINKING AMERICA ENTERS RUSSIA EXITS
LEAGUE OF NATIONS ARCHDUKE FRANZ FERDINAND
BREAKUP OF EMPIRES
TREATY OF VERSAILLES
GERMAN WAR GUILT GERMAN REPARATIONS PAYMENT $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ GERMAN MILITARY REDUCTION
RUSSIA GERMANY OTTOMAN EMPIRE AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN
CAUSES OF THE
GREAT WAR
After we discuss the causes of the Great War (WWI), you should be able to list the FOUR causes of the war and show how the causes helped to bring the Great War about.
WHAT ARE THE FOUR MAJOR CAUSES OF THE GREAT WAR???
M M
_____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _________________________
_____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _________________________
A A A
_____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _________________________
N N N
_____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _________________________
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION/PURPOSE OF _______ (Each part of M.A.I.N.)?
_____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _________________________
_____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _________________________
I I
_____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _________________________
_____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _________________________
HOW WOULD THE GREAT WAR BE DIFFERENT IF ONE OF THE ABOVE IS MISSING?
_____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _________________________
BATTLEGROUND: EUROPE
USE PAGE 365 TO LOCATE THE BATTLEGROUND PARTICIPANTS
BELOW IS A PROJECTION OF WWI AS SEEN FROM SPACE. TO UNDERSTAND THE WAR, YOU NEED TO UNDERSTAND THE SETTING. LABEL THE FOLLOWING: THE ALLIANCE SYSTEMS UNITED KINGDOM (UK) RUSSIA AUSTRIA SERBIA TRIPLE ALLIANCE FRANCE GERMANY OTTOMAN EMPIRE ITALY
SWEDEN
IRELAND
TRIPLE ENTENTE
DEN
NETH
ATLANTIC OCEAN
BELG
SWITZ
I
SPAIN
ROMANIA
T A
ELBA
BLACK SEA BULGARIA
MONT
L Y
ALB
MEDITERRANEAN SEA
GREECE
WAR
THE CONFLICT GRINDS TO HALT Initially, the Schlieffen Plan worked very well o Overran Belgium o Swept into France o French discovered the Germans route The Battle of the Marne (September 5-12 1914)
o Schlieffen Plan halted; Germans stopped o Quick victory in the West was no longer possible o The war settled into a stalemate
French Infantry Unit at the Battle of Verdun
THE
The men slept in the mud, washed in mud, ate mud, and dreamed mud
The Battle of Verdun (July, 1916) o The peak of Trench Warfare o Germans launched a massive attack o There were a million casualties (injured/killed) 300-600,000 killed o RESULT: Germans gain 4 miles The Battle of the Somme (July-November 1916) o Britain lost 20,000 men the first day Total Casualties: 1,000,000 o RESULT: Britain gained 5 miles U-Boat
THE WESTERN FRONT
EASTERN FRONT
Millions of troops fought here as well Along the German-Russian Border o More Mobile o Less stalemates o Less Trenches Mainly involved Russia fighting the Central Powers Central Powers win on this front o Russia is completely blockaded o Allies cannot get supplies to Russia
UNITED STATES ENTERS THE WAR
Lusitania in 1907 in Port
1917: With Stalemate on the battlefields of Europe o The War effort turned to the Ocean Germany was blockaded by Britain causing food shortages o Turned to Unrestricted Submarine Warfare o Sink any ship around Great Britain Germany sinks the Lusitania (British Cruise Ship) o 1915: 1,198 People died (128 US citizens) o President Woodrow Wilson protested Germans agreed to stop o 1917: Reinstituted USW Germany thought their blockade of Britain would force Britain out of the war before the US could get involved Zimmerman Telegram (See attached) April 6, 1917: USA Enters the War
ALLIES WIN THE WAR
Russia Exits the War
o o o Civil unrest, discontent over the Czar, etc. (See next Unit) Czar Nicholas abdicates on March 15, 1918 BREST-LITOVSK TREATY Required Russia to give up tons of land
Finland, Poland, Ukraine, Estonia, Latvia, & Lithuania
nd
The 2 Battle of the Marne (July 1918) o Germany sends all of its troops to the Western Front o Germans push all the way to the Marne River (again!) o Arrival of 2 Million Americans led to the Allied Victory NOVEMBER 11, 1918: WWI ENDS o Kaiser Wilhelm II resigned on the November 9, 1918 o Treaty signed in the French Generals private train car (pictured)
President Wilson before Congress, announcing the break in official relations with Germany
November 11, 1918: Armistice signed ending the fighting
THE TREATY OF
VERSAILLES
Paris Peace Conference (1918-1919) o 32 Nations attended o Controlled by Big Four: Br, Fr, It, & USA o Absent: Germany Austria-Hungary Wilsons Plan for Peace o US President Woodrow Wilson created the 14 Points o 14th Pt= League of Nations ARTICLE 231 o Blame for the war was put on Germany
American crowds celebrating Armistice Day
WILSONs
ARTICLE 231 of the VERSAILLES TREATY
The Allied and Associated Governments affirm and Germany accepts the responsibility of Germany and her allies for causing all the loss and damage to which the Allied and Associated Governments and their nationals have been subjected as a consequence of the war imposed upon them by the aggression of Germany and her allies.
David Lloyd George UK Prime Minister
Georges Clemenceau
French Prime Minister
14
POINTS
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. No Secret Treaties Freedom of the Seas Equality of Trade Reduction in Militaries Readjustment of Imperial claims (Self-Determination) Evacuation & return of all Russian Terr. Belgium must be restored All French territory must be returned Readjustment of Italys borders Austria-Hungary regains autonomy Balkans must be evacuated Sovereignty for Turkey & the rest of the Ottoman Empire Independent Polish state must be established League of Nations
TERRITORIAL CHANGES
Huge losses for the Central Powers New Countries created: o From the Austria Hungary
Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Poland
Vittorio Orlando
Italian Prime Minister
o From the Ottoman Empire
Turkey, Palestine, Iraq, Transjordan, Syria, Lebanon
Woodrow Wilson US President
o From Russia (not Central; but alienated by the Allies)
Finland, Estonia, Latvia, & Lithuania
June 28, 1919: Versailles, France
Mandate (n) a nation officially administered as a
territory on behalf of the League of Nations Territory in Africa , Middle East, Pacific declared Mandates o Mandates later given INDEPENDENCE
FLAWS IN THE PEACE
USA never signs the treaty o Returns to Isolationism Germany left bitter at Treaty Mandated territories upset o Not given Independence o Seen as more Colonization by Europe Both Japan & Italy gained little territory
13. 14.
VERSAILLES
THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES is not some rando treaty. It is not just the most famous treaty of all-time; it is likely the most important one of all-time as well. So, its worth a second look. This isnt a topic that you should just know for your sophomore history course. This Treaty has been blamed for everything from the rise of the Nazis to the current troubles in the Middle East. If you only know one treaty in your life THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES is that treaty.
FILL IN THE BLANK
THE TREATY OF
Signed in __________________ (in the historically famous PALACE OF _______), the _________ ___ ________ ended the biggest war ever and was meant to see to it that it never happened again.
TREATY HAS AFFECTED
ME IN THE
YOUR
GERMANY 1. 2. 3. OTTOMAN EMPIRE
USA
WAYS
FOLLOWING
REWORD THE INFAMOUS
ARTICLE
IN YOUR OWN WORDS
TREATY OF VERSAILLES ATTENDENCE ROLL
Mark the following countries as present or absent.
PRESENT ABSENT PRESENT ABSENT
231
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
USA ENGLAND FRANCE
RUSSIA GERMANY ITALY
DIFFERENT WAYS THE WORD MANDATE CAN BE USED
The CHINESE Emperor claimed to rule China because it was MANDATED by the Gods.
MANDATES
MANDATE OF HEAVEN
The FEDERAL Government dictates certain things that the STATES have to follow. Like the Americans with Disabilities Act which mandates that all public buildings must have handicapped access.
ONE OF THE MOST OFTEN MISSED QUESTIONS ON THE SOLs INVOLVES THE TERM:
FEDERAL MANDATES
NAME TWO WEAKNESSES OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS
WHO CONTROLLED THIS LAND BEFORE WWI? WHO MANDATED THAT BRITAIN/FRANCE GOT TO CONTROL THIS LAND?
1. 2.
