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Fraction Basics for Students

This document provides information about fractions including definitions of key terms like numerator, denominator, least common multiple (LCM), greatest common factor (GCF), and how to perform operations like simplifying, adding, and subtracting fractions. It defines the numerator as the top number of a fraction that represents the part of the whole, and the denominator as the bottom number representing how many pieces make up the whole. Steps are outlined for simplifying fractions by dividing the numerator and denominator by their GCF, as well as adding and subtracting fractions with both like and unlike denominators by finding common denominators or using the cross multiply method.

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159 views3 pages

Fraction Basics for Students

This document provides information about fractions including definitions of key terms like numerator, denominator, least common multiple (LCM), greatest common factor (GCF), and how to perform operations like simplifying, adding, and subtracting fractions. It defines the numerator as the top number of a fraction that represents the part of the whole, and the denominator as the bottom number representing how many pieces make up the whole. Steps are outlined for simplifying fractions by dividing the numerator and denominator by their GCF, as well as adding and subtracting fractions with both like and unlike denominators by finding common denominators or using the cross multiply method.

Uploaded by

api-262892674
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Fast Facts

for Fractions

1
2

Numerator Top number in the fraction


It tells the part of the whole.
Denominator Bottom number in the fraction
It tells how many pieces are in the whole

Numerator

Denominator

LCM Least Common Multiple

4 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24

Multiples We find multiples by skip counting

6 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36

Always start at the smaller end to find the LCM


GCF Greatest Common Factor
Factors We find factors by writing out the

12 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12

facts that are multiplied to make that number

18 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18

Always start with the larger numbers to find the GCF

How To Simplify or Reduce Fractions


1. Find the GCF of the numerator and denominator

10 1, 2, 5, 10
12 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12

2. Divide the numerator and the denominator by the GCF

10 2 = 5
12 2 = 6

Example: When 10/12 is simplified (reduced) it equals 5/6

Adding and Subtracting Fractions with Like Denominators


Step 1. Add the numerators
Step 2. The denominator stays the same =
Step 3. Simplify or reduce

3 + 7 = 10
12 12 = 12

10 1, 2, 5, 10

10 2 = 5

3 + 7 = 10 or 5

12 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12

12 2 = 6

12 12 = 12 or 6

Adding and Subtracting Fractions with Unlike Denominators


Step 1. Find the LCM of the denominators 2/12 + 4/6

12 12, 24, 36, 48


6 6, 12, 18, 24, 36

Step 2. Rename the fractions with the same denominator


Do this by multiplying the denominators to

2x1=2 4x2=8
12 x1 = 12 6 x 2= 12

equal the LCM


Step 3. Add the numerators and simplify

2 + 8 = 10
12 12 12

Step 4. Simplify

10 1, 2, 5, 10
12 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12

10 2 = 5
12 2 = 6

Easy Method
Step
Step
Step
Step

1.
2.
3.
4.

Cross multiply and place the answer above the numerators


Add to find the new numerator
Multiply the denominators to find the new denominator
Simplify or reduce
6 + 12
1 + 3 = 18
4 6
24
X

24

18 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18
24 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24

18 6 = 3
24 6 = 4

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