mdrtfv

bfmfp

zfct rfmDl mflfbD

stnfn, ntfdmj dbHfdnGde
mdlbf bhdhqf
nlD zfvh

mdrtfv bfmfp ************************

ny
C Di

dhNq
HCdmjf
bfmfspv vk
sofnt jvfv dbqm
Wpc W kfv vk
WpC jvfv dbqm
Wpcv swsN lczf
WpCv zfbcNdj mfnfsqt
svfoDv idhkf W WpC-sofnt
Wpc b rWqfv jfvBnmCr
pfsk Wpc b rq bf
sp sp jfsuv ubA Wpc uvvD hf mcfrfh
bfmfpDv sthfn
bfmfspv dHksv dhswN sthfn
Jfn mdrtfmrst mdrtfslv zfpfb W jfmk
bfmfspv dbqk
bfmfspv msbfdbshw
kjhDsv kfrvDmf
r hb
bfmfspv lxdifskv fb
dIkfrv lczf
lwde nCvf W kfv zbchfl
nCvf bf-n

j
ixf
1
2
4
5
7
9
11
15
17
18
22
22
27
31
32
33
33
34
34
35
38
38

J
************************ mdrtfv bfmfp

nCvf Iftfj
nCvf Jtfn
nCvf tfrfh
nCvf bfnXv
nCvf jf- dIvb
nCvf jfNfv
nCvf jcvfw
nCvf IDt
nCvf zfnXv
mcflDv nCvf ifE
vjcv dbqm
vjcv lczf
dnulfr
dnulfv lczf
lc dnulfv mfsU lczf
dnulf sKsj WEf
dkDq vfjzfk
kfwfrXrcl
kfwfrXrcslv lczf
lvl
lczf mf-ncvfrX
lczf mf-ncvfrXv iv
Ivp bfmfspv nftfm dIvfv iv dpjXv
bfvD-icvsNv bfmfspv idk j
bfmfp jfsqm rsh djHfsh?
bfmfsp pf ShL

39
40
40
41
41
42
43
43
44
45
45
46
48
50
54
55
55
55
56
57
58
64
66
71
76
77

mdrtfv bfmfp ************************ o 5

pfsk bfmfp hfdkt rq
jfv bfmfp jhct bq
ufmfzfsk mdrtfslv zQw oarB
ntfsm vmBDv mfb W bfvD-dw[fv vk
mndusl swfbXsv zfpfb ytX bfmfsp yt,
lc}sJ ifdh nfbf kc - hs[ ifdh ht.
Wsv ytX bfmfsp ytX..
mqtf mfde tfostf pf skfv slr-msbv mfsUnfI rsh nh, l]fVfdh kc spmXdb ufqbfmfsp;
svfuofv kc jvdh pdl zfsJsvv Int.
Wsv ytX bfmfsp ytX..
kc rfufv jfsuv zdYtfsk bfmfp jdvnX jfuf,
Jfubf kfsv dldt bf, sp lDb-lcdbqfv vfuf;
kfsv i]fyhfv kc jvdh msb kfskW k Yt.
Wsv ytX bfmfsp ytX..
jfv ksv kc mdvnX sJse, sj rsh skfv nfKD,
sh-bfmfpDv z]fLfv sofsv sj uftfsh hfdk;
sJflfv bfsm dwv tcefsq uDhb jvX nIt.
Wsv ytX bfmfsp ytX..
- jfuD buvt ntfm

77
81
85
90

************************ mdrtfv bfmfp

HCdmjf

bfmfspv h KfjskW mf-shfsbslv dhict zfoasrv Ist

k]fslv ubA ixKjHfsh icdjfv zhkfvBf. sk dhswN
jsv k]fslv mntf-mfnfsqt zfstfdyk rsqsY. pfsk nQs[si
k]fvf dbsuslv bfmfp sjmb rsh kf dwsJ dbsk ifsvb. ntfmD
bh ufovsBv nfsK nfsK DbD siavBf susosY mdrtfslv dHksv.
djYc dw[ftfsHv sswA mndusl idk rsq icvNslv
ufmfzfsk bfmfp zflfq jvfv ncspfo oarB jvsYb zsbsj
zsbj fsb. sk k]fvf bfmfp zflfsq c rsYb, bfmfp
zflfsq kxdshfL jvsYb, j-zisvv Hct nQswfLb jvfv
ncspfo tfH jvsYb, k]fslv msLA ifvidvj DbD nijG nxd W
hxd rsY hQ dhswN jsv ucmzfv Jckhf sb k]fslv sp DbD
sykbf hfVsY kfsk sjfb nslr sb.
p]fvf zffrv Wqfs lfWqfskv jfu jsvb k]fvf ufovB
W sykbf slsJ hV zfbdlk. k]fvf yfb sn sykbfq zfstf
dlsk. zfmfv Hf nftfDb nfsrh sn ts[A
icdjf iajfswv lfdqkHfv oarB jsvsYb. zffr k]fsj hQ
jfsuv njt nrfqjsj sbj iadklfb dlb. zfmDb.
ddhhbbDDkk-z
f

c
t
r
zft
c rffmmDDll mmffllffbbDD
22//99//0077

mdrtfv bfmfp ************************

bfmfspv vk

bfmfp y[cwDktjfvD hflskv j hfdoyf. pfsk mcndtm

zffrXv LAfsb kmq rsq kf]v nfdLA yfq, kfv dbje zfjct
iafKGbf ufbfq. bfmfp dhislv nfrfpA mcdmsbv rlsq ialD bCv
hQ mrfiatq dlhsn zfstfj-hdkGjf, ltDt W mcd tfsHv
nbl. bfmfp ifiDv (sYfe ifi) smfyb jsv, zsvv hAfdL lCv
jsv, zwDt, sbfQvf W ml jfu rsk mcndtmsj dhvk vfsJ.
bfmfspv mfsU ntfmD jA hQ nfmA iaIcdek rq.
bfmfp ntfsmv dkDq H. bfmfp sp kAfo jsv sn jfsIv,
mkfsv Ifsnj. djqfmsk nhGfsoa sp dhNsq mcndtmsj SjdIqk
dlsk rsh kf rsY bfmfp. bfmfp sp isV sn pdl kfv
pKfnmq zdkhfdrk jsv isV, kfrst mkfsv snW jfsIv.
spmb sp Iusv Yfjxk Ocdmsq sKsj nCpG WEfv iv bfmfp isV,
kfv bfmfpW oarBspfoA bq. mrfb zffr hstb,
}
{
zKGf{, kfslv iv t zilfKG ivhkGDoB, kfvf bfmfp b
jvt W iahxdivfqB rt; nckvfQ kfvf zdysv zmt iakA[
jvsh. (nCvf mfvqAfm 59 zfqfk)

************************ mdrtfv bfmfp

() { ( ) }
zKGf{, nckvfQ idvkfi sn bfmfp zflfqjfvDslv ubA; pfvf
kfslv bfmfsp zmsbfspfoD. (nCvf mfb 4-5 zfqfk)
bfmfp kfv ubA, sp mcndtm. pfv jfstmf, `tf-tfrf
ffrX, mcrfmflcv vfnctcfrX'-v iv icBG mfb W zfmt
zfsY. sp ufsb zffrX YfVf sjfb naf, dhLfqj W dhhidvyftj sb. dkdb hAkDk sjfb nkA ifnA sb hQ bfsmsB dkdb zbcim kAfdl. sp mfsb sp rpvk mcrfmfl kf]v
siadvk vnct W zbcok lfn. zfv v nfsK zffr W klDq
vncstv pfhkDq hfBD W Jhvsj dhhfn jsv W nkA ufsb.
zffr W k]fv vnct pf zfslw jsvb, kf iftb jsv, pf dbsNL
jsvsYb, kf idvkAfo jsv hQ pfv dbslGw jsvb bf, kfsk
dbsuv kvI sKsj zdkvb W hfVdk jsv bf. zffr YfVf
nm kfoCksj zDjfv jsv hQ bhD YfVf zbA jfsj
zflwG W zbcjvBDq msb jsv bf. skf sn mcndtm, sp
dy W zfstfj-iaf.
nc mdj nfhftj mcndtm pJb mrfb zffrv mrf ifnbf
bfmfp zflfq jvfv Yf jsv, kJb kfv iCshG kfv ubA
jsqjde dhNq uvvD rq. spmb idhkf, sofnt, WpC kAfdl.

mdrtfv bfmfp ************************

sofnt jvfv dbqm

bfifjDv sofnt jvsk rst sofnstv dbqk jsv mcndtm

iaKsm 3 hfv lc rfk jd ipG Lcsh. zk}iv hfm rfskv
iv ifdb sTst slsrv bfifjD Lcsq sItsh. kfviv hfm
rfksj mfde zKhf nfhfb fvf Lcsq bfmfspv ubA Wpc jvfv mk
iCBG Wpc jvsh. zhwA sofnstv ufqof idvjfv bf rst if lcde
sofnt swsN Lcsq sbsh. Wpcv iv 3 hfv mfKfq ifdb sTst Hft
jsv yctstf sLfsh, pfsk nm ycstv sofVfq sofVfq ifdb
si]ZsY pfq. kfviv nfvf slsr 3 hfv ifdb sTst Hftvsi Lcsq
sbsh. (hc}, mc}, dm} 435-436 bQ)
mdrtfslv sofntW icvNslv zbcvi. zhwA mdrtfv mfKfv
ycst shBD h]fLf (ycde o]fKf) Kfjst kf sJftf uvvD bq. ksh 3
hfv ifdb dbsq ycstv sofVf zhwA Lcsq dbsk rsh. (hc}, dm}
438bQ) bsJ bJifdtw hf sjfb iajfv icv sieX Kfjst kf kcst
bf sItf ipG sofnt rsh bf. i[fsv smsrlD hf zftkf stso
Kfjf zhfq sofnt rsq pfsh. jifst dei (?) Kfjst YfdVsq
sIst (jift) Lcsk rsh. bsy{ sofnt rsh bf.
hDpGifk hf nm-udbk bfifjD W mfdnsjv sofnt, zKhf
mfdnj W l, zKhf hDpGifk hf nm-udbk bfifjD W ucmzf
hf slv sofnt dbqk rst jhfv psK. ixKj ixKj

10 ************************ mdrtfv bfmfp

sofnstv lvjfv sb. (dInc} lcGc 60ix} })

sofnstv iv bfmfspv ubA zfv ixKj Wpcv iasqfub sb.
sofnstv iv Wpc Hffv sjfb jfu bf jvst sofnstv Wpcsk
bfmfp rsq pfsh. (zflf}, dk}, bf}, mf}, dm} 445bQ)
svfo-udbk jfvsB pdl jfsvf tfofkfv hDpG, mpD, nafh hf
drfpfv Jcb Usv ksh kfv ubA sofnt Ivp bq; iaskAj
bfmfspv ubA Wpc psK. njt zhfq bfmfp mfI bq.
(zflf}, dk}, dm} 560-561 bQ)

iajfw sp, sofnt, Wpc hf zbAfbA jsmGv nmq dbqk zfvhDsk

hf dbu HfNfq mcsJ yfvB jvf dhlzfk.
nkjGkfv dhNq sp, bfifjD lCv jvfv ubA sjht of-sLfqf hf
of Fcdhsq sbWqf psK bq. iCshG Wpc jsv pKfdbqsm sofnt
jvst ksh iCBG sofnt rq. bsy{ zsbsjv msk jcd bf
jvst hQ bfsj ifdb bf dbst sofnt wc rsh bf. (mcm} 1/304)

Wpc W kfv vk

mrfb zffr hstb,

zKGf{, sr mfblfvoB! pJb skfmvf bfmfspv ubA iak rsh
kJb skfmvf skfmfslv mcJmt W rfk jbc ipG sLZk jvsh

mdrtfv bfmfp ************************ 11

hQ skfmfslv mfKf mfnfr jvsh. zfv if lc'desj o]fe ipG
sLZk jvsh. (jc} 5/6)
nckvfQ hV bfifjD bf Kfjfv Ist sofnstv lvjfv bf rstW
bfmfspv ubA sYfe bfifjD sKsj idhkf zuGsbv sswA Wpc
Ivp. hAfifsv mrfbhD W hstb, Wpc b rsq sost
icbvfq Wpc bf jvf ipG zffr jfsvf bfmfp jhct jsvb bf.
(hc}, mc} dm} 300bQ)

Wpcv mfrfkA W IpDtk ians jfdLj rflDn hdBGk rsqsY.

j rflDsn dkdb hstb, djqfmskv dlb zfmfv mksj
zfrfb jvf rsh; zfv sn nmq Wpcv Ist kfslv mcJmt W
rfk-if lDdmq Kfjsh. (hc} 136, mc} 246bQ)
zbA j rflDsn dkdb hstb, Wpcv ifdb pCv si]ZYsh kCv
mc'dmsbv zs ztfv (suAfdk) swfHmfb rsh. (mc} 250bQ)
dkdb zfsvf hstb, mcndtm hf mcdmb hflf pJb Wpcv sswA
kfv mcJmt sLZk jsv kJb Wpcv ifdbv nfsK zKhf ifdbv
swN dhlcv nfsK iaskAj sn sofbfr shv rsq pfq pf sn lc
y[cv lxdv mfLAsm jsv sIstdYt. zk}iv pJb sn kfv rfk
lcdesj sLZk jsv kJb ifdbv nfsK zKhf ifdbv swN dhlcv
nfsK iaskAj sn sofbfr shv rsq pfq pf sn Hq rfsk LfvB
jvfv mfLAsm jsv sIstdYt. zk}iv pJb sn kfv if lcdesj
sLZk jsv kJb ifdbv nfsK zKhf ifdbv swN dhlcv nfsK
iaskAj sn sofbfr shv rsq pfq pf sn kfv lcifsq ytfv mfLAsm

12 ************************ mdrtfv bfmfp

jsv sIstdYt. swN zhdL nm sofbfr sKsj sn idh rsq shv

rsq zfsn. (mfstj, mcndtm 244bQ, dkvdmpD)

Wpc jvfv dbqm

1. bfmfpD iaKsm msb msb Wpcv dbqk jvsh. jfvB dbqk YfVf
sjfb jmG wc rq bf. (hc}, mc}, dm} 1bQ)
2. `dhndmfr' hst Wpc wcv jvsh. jfvB wcvsk kf bf htst
Wpc rq bf. (nzflf} 92bQ)
3. dkbhfv lc rfk jd ipG Lcsq sbsh. rfsk OdV, ycdV,
zfQde iaHxdk Kfjst kf drdtsq kfv kst ifdb si]ZYfsh. zfct
dlsq zfcstv I]fjstf sJtft jvsh. (zflf}, dk}, mf}, dm} 407bQ)
viv ifdbv ifs rfk Fcdhsq ifdb dbsk ifsv. (hc}, mc} 394bQ)
iajfw sp, bsJ bJifdtw hf sjfb iajfv icv sieX Kfjst kf
kcst bf sItf ipG Wpc rsh bf. i[fsv smsrlD hf zftkf
stso Kfjf zhfq Wpc-sofnt rsq pfsh.
4. kfviv Ffb rfsk ifdb dbsq 3 hfv jcd jvsh.
5. zk}iv ifdb dbsq bfsjv sofVfq tfdosq sesb dbsq hfm
rfk fvf bfj UfVsh. vi 3 hfv jvsh. zhwA svfpf zhfq
Kfjst nfhLfsb bfsj ifdb efbsh, pfsk otfv dbsy ifdb bf yst
pfq. (dk}, bf}, nbf} 89, dm} 405, 410bQ)
zhwA j stfe ifdbsk j nfsK zsLGj dlsq jcd jsv
hfdj zsLGj dlsq bfj UfVstW yst. (hc}, mc}, dm} 394bQ)

mdrtfv bfmfp ************************ 13

6. zk}iv mcJmt (j jfb sKsj ziv jfsbv mLAhkGD
hQ jifstv ycstv sofVf sKsj dyhcsjv dbsyv zQw ipG
z) 3 hfv ifdb tfdosq lc rfk fvf sLZk jvsh. (hc} 140bQ)
j stfe ifdb lfdVv mfsU dlsq lfdVv I]fsj I]fsj zfct
yfdtsq kf sJtft jvsh. (zflf}, dm} 408bQ) mdrtfslv jifst dei
(?) Kfjst YfdVsq sIst (jift) Lcsk rsh. bsy{ Wpc rsh bf.
7. zk}iv iaKsm Ffb rfk zfcstv Fof sKsj jbc ipG
hQ klbcvi hfm rfk 3 hfv (iaskAj hfsv icsvf rfsk ifdb
dIdvsq vosV) sLZk jvsh.
8. zk}iv jhfv mfKf mfnfr jvsh; bkcb ifdb fvf lc
rfksj dHdusq zfctdtsj mcsJfmcdJ jsv mfKfv nfmsbv dlj
(spJfb sKsj yct oufsbf wcv rsqsY snJfb) sKsj diYb dlj
(olGfsbv spJfsb yct swN rsqsY snJfb) ipG iwG jsv icbvfq
nfmsbv dlsj dbsq sn wcvv ufqof ipG iCBG mfKf mfnfr
jvsh. (hc}, mc}, dm} 394bQ) mfKfv WVbfv dHksv rfk iashw jdvsq
mfnfr jvsh. WVbf skftf bf sost kfv isv mfnfr jvf
pfsh. (mcm} 3/189)
9. zk}iv zfv bkcb ifdb bf dbsq rfsk lc jfb mfnfr
jvsh; wfrflskv (kuGbD) lc zfct fvf lc jfsbv dHkv
dlj hQ lc hcsVf zfct fvf lc jfsbv diE W hfdrv dlj
mfnfr jvsh. (nzflf} 99, 125bQ)
iajfw sp, olGfb mfnfr jvf dhsLq bq. hvQ ef dhlzfk.

14 ************************ mdrtfv bfmfp

10. zk}iv iaKsm Ffb if W isv hfm if o]fe ipG 3 hfv

jsv vosV sLfsh. jsV zfct fvf ifsqv zfcstv I]fjstf
sJtft jsv vosV sLZk jvsh. (zflf}, dk}, mf}, dm} 407bQ)
diaq bhD hstb, iCBGfvsi Wpc jv, zfcstv I]fjstf
sJtft jv zfv svfpf bf Kfjst bfsj Jch Hftvsi ifdb yVfW.
(kfviv kf sUsV sIst mvsi bfj nfI jv.) (zflf}, dk}, bf},
mf}, lf}, dm} 405-406 bQ)

11. viv rfsk ifdb dbsq jfisVv iv sKsj wvmofsr

dYdesq slsh. dhswN jsv siwfh jvfv iv Wpc jvst zfmt
zdLjvsi hAhrfpG. spsrkc siwfh jsv kfrfvskv iv lc-j
jfkvf siwfh shv rWqfv znznf Kfsj. nckvfQ ifdb dYdesq
dlst znznf lCv rsq pfq. (nzflf} 152-154, nmf} 374-376bQ)
zfmt sJfl duhvft mrfbhD sj dw[f dlsqsYb.
(mf}, lf}, rf}, hf}, zf}, dnn} 841bQ)

Wpv
c swsN lz
c f

diaq bhD hstb, skfmfslv msLA sp sj idviCBGvsi

Wpc jvfv iv (dbsbv dpjXv) isV kfv ubA uffskv zfede
fv mc jvf rq; sp fv dlsq Yf sn iashw jvsk ifsv.
.

zfwrflc zft tf tf-rf ff- zrlf tf wfvDjf tf z

zfwrflc zff mcrfmflfb zfc zvfnCtcr.

mdrtfv bfmfp ************************ 15

zKGf{, zfdm nf[A dldY sp, zffr hAkDk sjfb nkA ifnA
sb. dkdb jj k]fv sjfb zQwD sb. zfsvf nf[A dldY sp,
mcrfmfl k]fv hflf W vnCt. (mcndtm 234bQ, zfhc lfl, hsb mfufr)
dkvdmpDv hBGbfq lczfv swsN dbsmv zQwdeW pc
zfsY}.
yfvB}- zffmfuX zftbD dmbfkX kfWqfhDbf, zuXzftbD
dmbft mckfkfrdrvDb.
zKG}- sr zffr! zfmfsj kWhfjfvD W idhkf
zuGbjfvDslv ltHc jv. (dm} 289bQ)
Wpcv swsN dbsmv lczf ifE jvst kf wc dbhs dtsJ nDt
jvf rq hQ djqfmk ipG kf b jvf rq bf.
.

nchrfbfjff-mf zdhrfmdljf, zfwrflc zft tf tf-rf

f zfX , zffodIvjf z zfkChc tfjX.
zKGf{, skfmfv niawQn idhkf sOfNBf jvdY sr zffr! zfdm
nf[A dldY sp kcdm jmf nkA ifnA. zfdm skfmfv dbje
[mf iafKGbf jvdY W skfmfv dlsj iakAfhkGb (kWhf) jvdY.
(kf}, nkf} 218bQ, o} 1/135, 3/94)

YfVf iaskAj z sLfqfv nmq dbdlG lczf zKhf swsN `f

zfbpftbf' ifE dhlzfk.

16 ************************ mdrtfv bfmfp

Wpv
c zfbN
c dj mfnfsqt

Wpcv zstfsj jmis[ 1 hfv jsv sLfqf uvvD. 2 hfv

jsv LcstW yst. ksh 3 hfv jsv sLfqf m. v isv
zffrv vnCt kKf nfrfhfsq sjvfsmv zfmt shwD. dj
dkbhfsvv zdLj sLfqf zdkvb, hfVfhfdV W nDmftQOb.
(zflf}, bf}, mf}, dm} 417-418 bQ)

Wpcv sjfb z 2 hfv hQ sjfb z 3 hfv sLfqf lCNBDq

bq. (n}zflf} 109, n}dk} 43bQ)
sufVf zdtv Ffb zsj zfso sLfqf vnCt v dbslGw.
(zf}, zflf}, mf}, dm} 401bQ) dkdb Wpc, sofnt, mfKf z]fyVfsbf, ucskf
ivf iaHxdk njt jfsuv nmq Ffb sKsj wcv jvf iYl
jvskb. (hc}, mc}, dm} 400bQ)
Wpcv zstf -dhswN jsv rfk W if- vosV sLfqf m.
vnCt v vi zfmt dYt. (nbf} 72, dm} 407bQ)
znmCr mbHfsh Lcsk rsh pfsk sjfb nfmfbA ufqofW
wcjsbf sKsj bf pfq. Wpcv zs sjfb iajfv ifdbsvfLj h
(spmb sieX, ycb, jcmjcm, ztfv, OdV, dei kAfdl) Kfjst
kf zhwA lCv jsv dbsk rsh. spsrkc zffrv bhD jlf
jkj stfsjv wcj sofVfdt slsJ hstdYstb, sofVfdtstfv
ubA slfpsJ LQn W nhGbfw vsqsY! skfmvf Hftvsi (njt
zsj niCBGvsi) Lcsq Wpc jv. (mc}, dm} 398bQ)

mdrtfv bfmfp ************************ 17

j hAd Wpc jvfv iv mrfbhD v dbje idk rst
slJstb, kfv lc ifsq bJ idvmfB ufqof wcj vsqsY. dkdb
kfsj htstb, kcdm dIsv dosq Hftvsi Wpc jsv n.
(nzflf} 158bQ)

j hAdsj dkdb slJstb bfmfp iVsY, zfv kfv j

ifsqv disE j dlvrfm hvfhv fb wcj vsqsY, pfsk sn
ifdb si]ZYfqdb. dkdb kfsj icbvfq Wpc jsv bkcbHfsh bfmfp
iVsk zfslw dlstb. (nzflf} 161 bQ)
Wpc jvfv nmq dbvhdYHfsh jefbf zstfsj sjv
iv j Lcsk rsh. mfsU dhvdk slWqf ShL bq. nckvfQ sj
mfKf hf jfb mfnfr bf jsv Hcst if Lcsq sItst hQ nkv msb
iVst, sn mfnfr jsv icbvfq if sLfsh. h isv msb iVst
icbvfq bkcb jsv Wpc jvsh.
sj pdl Wpc wcv jvfv iv jfisV bfifjD slsJ hQ kf nfI
jvsk jvsk iCshGjfv sLZk z wcdjsq pfq, kfrst kfsj icb}
Wpc jvsk rsh. i[fsv pdl Wpc nidjGk sjfb dhNsq hA
rsq dbvhdYkf sjse pfq, ksh kfsk sjfb [dk rq bf. spmb
Wpc jvsk jvsk rfsk hf Wpcv sjfb zs sieX hf bJ-ifdtw
hf ycb YfVfsk zKhf ifdb swN rsq sost icbvfq j]sc qf hf jt
sKsj ifdb kctsk djQhf eAfsv ifi Jctsk iaHxdk jfvsB
Wpcsk nfmfbA dhvdk sn iCshGjfv sLfqf z wcdjsq pfq,
kfrst icbvfq bkcbHfsh wcv jsv Wpc jvsk rsh bf. sp z

18 ************************ mdrtfv bfmfp

sLfqf rsqdYt kfv iv sKsj hfjD znmCr Lcsq Wpc swN jvf
pfsh. (mcm} 1/157)
Wpc jvfv nmq h]fLfsbf l]fk sJftf hf sJtft jsv l]fskv I]fj
sKsj stso Kfjf JflAfQw shv jvf uvvD bq. (I} 1/283, Im} 1/210)
j if rsk fmD-D Hsq j nfsK zKhf D zfso W
fmD isv zKhf kfv dhivDkHfsh Wpc-sofnt jvfq sjfb [dk
hf hfLf sb. zffrv vnCt kKf nfrfhfoB vi zfmt
jsvsYb. (hc}, Ikt hfvD 1/357-358, mc}, dm} 440bQ)
Effv jfvsB ovm ifdbsk Wpc-sofnt jvfq sjfb hfLf sb.
rpvk mfv vi jvskb. (hc}, Ihf} 1/357-358)
Wpc-sofnstv ubA idvdmk ifdb hAhrfv jvf jkGhA. zdLj
ifdb Jvy jvf zdkvsbv ipGfqHc; zfv kf ShL bq. (zf}
zflf}, mf}, dm} 418bQ) mrfbhD 1 mcX (jm-shwD 625 oafm)
ifdbsk Wpc hQ 1 nf' sKsj 5 mcX (jm-shwD 2500 sKsj
3125 oafm) ifdbsk sofnt jvskb. (hc}, mc}, dm} 439bQ) nckvfQ
p]fvf eAfsv ifdbsk Wpc-sofnt jsvb, k]fslvsj nkjG rWqf
dyk.
Wpcv Ivp z niCBG jfef Kfjst kfv hfjD z Lcsk hf
mfnfr jvsk rq bf. spmb jde rfk sofef hf jbc ipG
zKhf jde if sofef hf o]fe ipG jfef Kfjst hfjD jde rfk
hf if- Wpcv ubA Lcsk rsh. (I} 1/390)
Wpcv swsN ifsv zhdw ifdb sKsj j z]futf l]fdVsq ifb

mdrtfv bfmfp ************************ 19

jvfv jKf rflDsn vsqsY. (hc} 5616, ndk} 44-45, nbf} 93bQ)
Wpcv swsN Wpcv ifdb z sKsj jfiV dlsq mcsY sItf lCNBDq
bq. mrfbhD Wpcv iv dbsuv ucfq dbsuv syrfvf mcsYsYb.
(nmf} 379bQ)

Wpcv iv lc vfjzfk bfmfspv hV IpDtk vsqsY. zffrv

vnCt hstb, sp sjfb hAd pJb nclvHfsh Wpc jsv
ndhbsq jfoakfv nfsK lc vfjzfk bfmfp isV k[B kfv
ubA uffk zhLfpG rsq pfq. (mcndtm 234bQ, zfhc lfl, bfnf, hsb mfufr)
dkdb zfsvf hstb, sp hAd nclvHfsh Wpc jsv, sjfb Hct
bf jsv ( jfoadys) lc vfjzfk bfmfp isV sn hAdv
iCshGjfv nmClq sofbfr mfI rsq pfq. (zfhc lfl, nrDr kfvoDh 221bQ)
Wpcv isv bfmfp iVfv Ist bhD shsrs k]fv zfso
zfso rpvk dhtfstv ucskfv w wcsbdYstb. (hc}, mc}, nkf} 219bQ)
diaq bhD iaskAj bfmfspv ubA Wpc jvskb. ksh
nfrfhfoB bf Hff ipG j Wpcsk jsqj zsv bfmfp
iVskb. (zf}, hc} 214 bQ, zflf}, dk}, bf}, lf}, dm} 425bQ)
zhwA mf dhusqv dlb bhD j Wpcsk i]fy Wqfsv
bfmfp isVdYstb. (mc} 277, zflf} 172, mf} 510bQ)
nhGlf Wpc zhfq Kfjf hQ Wpc Hfst nfsK nfsK Wpc jsv
sbWqfv IpDtk hdBGk rsqsY. mrfbhD hstb, skfmfvf
(iaskAj dhNsq) jkGhAdb vr; zfv kfsk jJb n[m rsh
bf. susb svsJf, skfmfslv nhGswa zfmt bfmfp. zfv mcdmb

20 ************************ mdrtfv bfmfp

hAkDk sj Wpcv drIfpk jvsh bf. (hsb mfufr, rfsjm, nrDr

kfvoDh 190bQ)

rpvk zfcfr dhb hcvflfr k]fv dikfv dbje rsk hBGbf

jsv hstb, jlf iaHfkjfst zffrv vnCt rpvk
dhtftsj sFsj htstb, sr dhtft! dj mb jfu jsv kcdm
uffsk zfmfv zfso yst sost? zfdm ok vfs (si)
uffsk iashw jvst skfmfv (uckfv) w zfmfv nfmsb sKsj
wcbsk sitfm! dhtft htstb, `sr zffrv vnCt! zfdm
pJb zfpfb dlsqdY kJb lc vfjzfk bfmfp isVdY. zfv
pJb zfdm zidh rsqdY kJb zfdm nfsK nfsK Wpc jsv
dbsqdY.' wcsb zffrv vnCt htstb, jfsuv ubA.
(uffsk zfmfv zfso zfso skfmfv w wcbtfm.) (hsb
Jcpfmfr, nrDr kfvoDh 194bQ)

svfoDv idhkf W Wp-c sofnt

svfoD rstW sofnt Wqfsuh rst sofnt hQ Wpcv lvjfv

rst Wpc jvf uvvD.
Eff ifdb hAhrfv jvfq [dkv zfwf rst svfoD ovm ifdb
hAhrfv jvsh. ifdb hAhrfsv sjhfsv znmKG rst hf svfohxd zKhf zfsvfoA tfsH dhtsv zfwf rst kfqfmcm jvsh.
svfoD dbsu Wpc hf kfqfmcm jvsk bf ifvst zbA sj
jdvsq slsh.

mdrtfv bfmfp ************************ 21

Wpcv sjfb zs [k KfjstW kf Lcsk rsh. zhwA ifdb
tfost Of shsV pfsh mb zfwf Kfjst rfk dHdusq kfv
iv hcdtsq mfnfr jvsh. mfnfr jvfW [dkjfvj rst
zsv idvhskG kfqfmcm jsv sbsh.
[kfsb ide h]fLf hf ifefv jvf Kfjst zbAfbA z Lcsq
idev iv mfnfr jvsh. mfnfr jvst zfv kfqfmcsmv
iasqfub sb.
svfoDv ubAW slr, sthfn W bfmfp iVfv fsbv nhGiajfv
idhkf uvvD. dj zidhkf lCv jvsk bf ifvst sp
zhfq Kfjsh sn zhfsk kfv bfmfp wc rsq pfsh.
sjfb bfmfpsj kfv pKf nmq sKsj didYsq slWqf (spmb
Iuvsj spfrsvv nmq ipG dht jvf) svfoDv ubAW ShL bq.
pKf nHh idhkf zuGb jsv zKhf (z[m rst) bf jsv
bfmfspv pKf nmq zdkhfdrk rWqfv iCshG bfmfp zhwA isV
sbsh. bsy{ sofbfrofv rsh. (vfnft dIkX kfrfvfdk znX nftfk, hsb
nfmDb 39-41ix})

sjhtmf mfKf Lcst zncJ rWqfv hf hfVfv Hq rst hfjD

slr Lcsq mfKfq mfnfr jvsh. zhwA v nfsK kfqfmcmW jvsk
rsh. (hsb hfp, I} 1/214)
nhGlf ianafh Uvst zKhf hfkjmG rst zKhf mdrtfslv nafh
Uvst iaskAj bfmfspv ubA Wpc uvvD. (I} 1/287-291 })
bfmfspv nmq rst pdl jfisV bfifjD stso Kfsj, ksh

22 ************************ mdrtfv bfmfp

bfmfpD kf hlst tffb Lcsq Wpc jvsh. bfmfspv nmq pfsk

bfifjD zbAfbA zs hf jfisV YdVsq bf isV kfv ubA
wvmofsr dhswN jfiV, tAfe hf ide hAhrfv jvsh.
sofnt jvst svfo-hxd rsh hQ Wpc jvst [dk rsh bf
hcUst kfqfmcm jsv Wpc jvsh.

Wpc b rWqfv jfvBnmr

C

1. siwfh W ifqJfbf fv rsk djYc (siwfh, ifqJfbf, hDpG, mpD,

rfWqf, v, jxdm, ifKv iaHxdk) shv rst Wpc sHs pfq. (mcm}
1/220)

klbcvi slsrv zbAfbA z sKsj (spmb zifsvwb jsv

sie sKsj ifsiv mfLAsm) zidh (dhswN jsv siwfhifqJfbf) shv rstW Wpc b rsq pfsh. (1/221)
2. pfsk sofnt Wqfsuh rq, kfsk WpcW b rq.
3. sjfb iajfsv shw hf fbwCbA rst Wpc b rq.
4. ofPHfsh Ocdmsq iVst Wpc Hfs. zffrv vnCt hstb,
syfJ rt mtfsvv h]fLb. nckvfQ sp Ocdmsq pfq, sn spb Wpc
jsv. (zf}, zflf}, mf}, dm} 316, nuf} 4149bQ)
zhwA rff Ocm hf Tct (kf) st Wpc Hfs bf. nfrfhfsq
sjvfm bhD v pcso wfv bfmfspv ubA k]fv zsi[f jvsk
jvsk kfY rsq Tctskb. zk}iv dkdb st k]fvf bfmfp
iVskb, dj bkcb jsv zfv Wpc jvskb bf. (mc} 376bQ, zflf} 199-201bQ)

mdrtfv bfmfp ************************ 23

5. siwfh zKhf ifqJfbf-fv nvfndv iwG jvst Wpc b rq.
(jfisVv iv sKsj rfk dlst b rq bf.) (nuf} 6554, 6555bQ)
mrfbhD hstb, skfmfslv msLA sp hAd dhbf ilGfq W
zvfst dbsuv wvmofr iwG jsv, kfv iv Wpc Wqfsuh
rsq pfq. (nuf} 362, dnn} 1235 bQ)
zhwA rfskv jdv isvv zQw fvf iwG rst Wpc Hfsh
bf. (mcm} 1/229)
6. ]sev sofX (jdtuf, Hc]dV) sJst Wpc sHs pfq. j hAd
mrfbhD sj dufnf jvt, `]sev sofX sJst Wpc jvh dj?'
dkdb htstb, rA]f, ]sev sofX sJst Wpc jsvf. (mc} 360bQ)
dkdb hstb, ]sev sofX sJst skfmvf Wpc jsvf. (zf}, zflf},
dk}, mf}, nuf} 3006 bQ)

pfsk Wpc b rq bf

1. fmD-D sj zsbAv slr iwG jvst Wpc Hfs bf. jfvB,

mrfbhD vfs bfmfp iVskb, zfv mf zfsqwf (vf}) k]fv
nmcsJ if smst wcsq Kfjskb. pJb dkdb dnulfq spskb,
kJb k]fv ifsq iwG jsv if ndvsq dbsk htskb. sk dkdb
dbsuv if lc'desj desq dbskb. (hc} 513, mc} 512bQ)
dkdb rpvk zfsqwf (vf})sj ycb dlskb. kfviv Wpc bf
jsv bfmfp iVsk shdvsq spskb. (zflf} 178-179 bQ, zf} 6/210, dl}
86, bf} 170, mf} 502bQ, lfvf} 1/138, hf} 1/125)

24 ************************ mdrtfv bfmfp

zhwA iwG hf ycsb mpD shv rst kf Lcsq Wpc uvvD.

(I}1/285-286)

2. srf-srf jsv rfnst; iansv rflDnde ltDstv spfoA bq.

kf rfnst Wpc Hfs bf. (dInc} lGc 1/50-51, hc}, Ihf} 1/336)
3. hdm jvst; jlf bhD hdm jvst svfpf sHs sItstb.
kfviv dkdb Wpc jvstb. (zf} 6/449, dk}) rflDsn k]fv jsmGv
iviv zhf hdBGk rsqsY. hdm jvstb hst Wpc sHs
dosqdYt, kf dkdb Wpc jsvdYstb -kf iamfB rq bf. (o}
1/148, mcm} 1/224-225)

4. o]fsev dbsy jfiV Uctfst; o]fsev dbsy jfiV Uctfsbf jfhDvf

sofbfr. djqfmsk zffr sn hAdv dlsj kfdjsqW slJshb
bf, sp hAd kfv ivsbv jfiV ifsqv o]fsev dbsy ipG Ucdtsq
isv. (hc} 5784, mc} 2085bQ) dj v Ist Wpc Hfs bf. j hAd
vi jfiV Ucdtsq bfmfp iVst mrfbhD kfsj icbvfq Wpc
jsv bfmfp iVsk jcm dlsqdYstb hst sp rflDn zfhC lfsl
hdBGk rsqsY, kf pqDI hQ ltDstv spfoA bq. (p} zflf} 124,
884bQ)

zfv mdrtfslvsj skf o]fsev dbsy Ucdtsq jfiV ivsk rq.

5. bfj sKsj v iVst; sk Wpc b rq hst rflDn hsb
mfufq hdBGk rsqsY, kf pqDI. (p} mf} 252, p}uf} 5426bQ)
6. slsrv sjfb z sjse v iVst, l]fk sKsj v Uvst,
kDvdh rsq v iVst; pf-kcv dvjf' pcs bhD idk
dYstb. snJfsb j hAd kDvdh rsq vf rstW sn vjc

mdrtfv bfmfp ************************ 25

dnulf jsv bfmfp ni jsvdYt. rfnfb hfnvD (v}) hstb,
mcndtmvf pfh{ kfslv vf [k dbsq bfmfp isV
zfnsY. rpvk hsb mfv jde Icnjcdv sost dlst kf
sKsj v shv rt. dj dkdb Wpc jvstb bf. hsb zfhD
zfWIf vmfJf KcKc sItstb. zk}iv dkdb k]fv bfmfp ni
jvstb. hsb mfv W rfnfb hstb, sj wx tfdosq hl-v
shv jvst sjht ufqofef Lcsq sbsh. YfVf Wpc-sofnt
sb. (hc} Ihf} 1/336)
iCshGf kDvdh stfjde dYstb jub zfbnfvD. k]fv nD
j mcrfsuvD k]fv vf zhf slsJ htstb, `nchrfbffr!
(dkb dkbse kDv smsvsY?!) iaKm kDv mfvst kcdm zfmfsj
ufdosq lfWdb sjb?' zfbnfvD htstb, `zfdm mb jde nCvf
ifE jvdYtfm, pf niCBG bf jsv sYsV dlsk iYl jdvdb!'
(zflf} 198bQ)

7. mclGf sofnt dlst; mrfbhD hstb, sp hAd mclGfsj

sofnt slsh, sn spb dbsu sofnt jsv sbq. zfv sp hAd
ufbfpf hrb jvsh, sn spb Wpc jsv sbq. (zflf}, dk}, zf} 2/280
iaHxdk) dj dbslGwde mcfrfh. zKGf{ bf jvstW yst. ksh
jvf m. jfvB, sofntlfkfv slsr bfifjD stso pfWqfv
nslr Kfsj kf. kf skf zbA j hBGbfq zfsY; dkdb hstb,
mclGfsj sofnt dlst skfmfslv ubA sofnt jvf uvvD bq.
jfvB skfmfslv mclGf skf zfv bfifj bq. zkh skfmfslv

26 ************************ mdrtfv bfmfp

rfk Lcsq sbWqf psK. (rf} 1/386, hf} 3/398)

rpvk mfv hstb, `zfmvf mfsqAksj sofnt dlkfm.
kfsk zfmfslv msLA sj sj sofnt jsv dbk. zfhfv
zsbsj jvk bf.' (lfvf} 191bQ)
zhwA mfsqAksj sofnt slWqfv nmq kfv wvmofsr rfk
stso Kfjst Wpc zhwA b rsh. zfv ufbfpf hrb jvfsk
Wpc b rq bf. (mh} 26/96)
8. mxkslsrv sifmseGm jvfskW Wpc Hfs bf. ( 27/40)
9. Wpc jsv mfsqvf pdl kfslv dwwcv siwfh hf ifqJfbf nfI
jsv, ksh kf rfsk tfostW Wpc Hfs bf. zhwA ifqJfbffv
hf siwfhfv sLfqfv nmq sjfb fsv rfk tfost Wpc b rsq
pfq. ( 22/62)
10. sjfbW bfifj h (mfbcN hf iwcv siwfh, ifqJfbf, v
iaHxdk)sk rfk hf if dlst Wpc Hfs bf. ( 35/96)
11. Wpc jvfv iv LCmifb jvst Wpc b rq bf. ksh LCmifb
jvf zhwA rfvfm. ( 18/92-93)
12. sjftb, sjfrt hf didve-dmdwak zfkv hf sneX hAhrfv
jvst Wpcv sjfb [dk rq bf. ksh kf hAhrfv ShL bq. (I}
1/203)

13. yct, bJ kAfdl nfI jvst Wpc Hfs bf. (I} 1/292, hc}
1/336) klbcvi zwDt jKf htst, r]fecv iv jfiV sE st,
mdrtfv mfKf sJftf sost, jfsj hf dbsusj t slJst Wpc

mdrtfv bfmfp ************************ 27

b rq bf.
lcL ifb jvst bfmfspv iCshG jcd jvf mcfrfh.

(hc} 211, mc}

358bQ)

sp sp jfsuv ubA
Wpc uvvD hf m
c f rfh

bfmfp iVfv ubA, jcvzfb mfuDl (mcnrfI) iwG jvf hf

rfsk sbWqfv ubA hQ jf'hf wvDsIv kWqfI jvfv ubA Wpc
jvf uvvD.
YfVf jcvzfb sktfzk, zffrv dpjXv, sktfzk W
wcjXsvv dnulf, zfpfb, nfIf-mfvWqfv nf, dhdH sJfkhf ifE
kAfdlv nmq Wpc jvf mcfrfh.
mfnfr W kfqfmcsmv mfnzftf nftfsk
mchfwXdwsv hA.

bfmfpDv sthfn

zffr kfzftf hstb,

sr mfbh ufdk! skfmfslv tffb Tfjfv W shwHCNfv
ubA zfdm skfmfslvsj sthfn dlsqdY. iv `kfjWqf'v
sthfn nshGf{jx. (jc} 7/26)
sr zflm nfboB! iaskAj bfmfspv nmq skfmvf nclv

28 ************************ mdrtfv bfmfp

idvYl idvLfb jv. ifbfrfv jv, dj ziyq jsvf bf. dkdb

zihAqDslv iYl jsvb bf. (jc} 7/31)
wvDqskv nHA-lxdsk nfLfvBHfsh sthfsnv jkjdt wkG
W zflh vsqsY; pf iftb jvsk mcndtm hfLA.
mdrtfslv sthfsnv wkfG htD dbmv
i}1. sthfn spb slsrv nhGfsj sTsj vfsJ. slsrv sjfb z hf
snZlpG spb sjfb shofbf (pfv ndrk sjfbW nmsq dhhfr ShL
mb) icvsNv nfmsb iajfw bf ifq. sjb bf mrfbhD hstb,
smsq mfbcsNv nhef tffb (sofibDq). zfv sn pJb shv
rq, kJb wqkfb kfsj icvsNv lxdsk idvswfdHkf jsv
skfst. (dk}, dm} 3109 bQ)
mrfb zffr hstb, sr bhD! kcdm skfmfv ikDoBsj,
jbAfoBsj hQ mcdmbslv DoBsj hst lfW, kfvf spb kfslv
yflsvv djqlQw dbsuslv (syrfvfv) iv sesb sbq---. (jc}
33/59)

rpvk sm nftfmfr (vf}) hstb, ` zfqfk zhkDBG

rst (mlDbfv) zfbnfvslv mdrtfvf pJb shv rt, kJb kfslv
mfKfq (jfstf) yflv (hf smfef Vbf) slsJ msb rdYt spb
Wslv mfKfq jfstf jfsjv U]fj hsn zfsY!' (zflf} 4101 bQ)
zffr kfzftfv zfslw, mcdmb smsqvf spb kfslv OfV W
hcjsj mfKfv jfiV fvf sTsj sbq---. (jc} 24/31)
rpvk zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, `iCshGv mcrfduv mdrtfslv iadk

mdrtfv bfmfp ************************ 29

zffr vrm jsvb. zfqfk zhkDBG rst kfvf kfslv
idvsLq jfiVnmCsrv msLA nhsysq smfef jfiVdesj sIsV
mfKfv Vbf hfdbsq mfKf (OfV-otf-hcj) sTsjdYt.' (zflf} 4102)
nfrfhfslv mdrtfoB pJb isK ytskb, kJb k]fslv dbmfsv
jfisVv swN iaf mfdev iv sY]yXsV spk. bfifj ufqofsk
ytfv nmsqW kfslv sj ifsqv ifkf shv jvskb bf. (dm}
504, 512, 4335 bQ)

nckvfQ mfKf W ifsqv mLAhkDG sjfb z sp iajfw jvf pfsh

bf, kf zbcsmq.
2. sp sthfn mdrtf idvLfb jvsh snef spb (shofbf icvsNv
nfmsb) snZlpGmq W lxd-zfjNGD bf rq. isvv WVbf, yflv
hf shfvjf rstW kf spb mhaqFfdv jvf snZlpG-Jdyk bf rq.
spsrkc mrfb zffr hstb, nfLfvBk} pf iajfw rsq Kfsj kf
YfVf kfvf spb kfslv zbAfbA snZlpG iajfw bf jsv. (jc}
24/31)

3. sthfn spb mb ifktf bf rq, pfsk jfisVv iv sKsjW

dHksvv yfmVf busv zfsn. bsy{ Tfjf KfjstW sJftfv
ipGfqHc. hAfifsv j rflDsn zffrv vnCt rpvk
zfnmf (vf})sj nkjG jsvdYstb. (zflf}, dm} 4372 bQ)
jlf rfInf dhs zfcv vrmfb ifktf WVbf isv rpvk
zfsqwf (vf}) v dbje sost dkdb kfv Vbfsj dY]sV sIst
dlstb hQ kfsj jde smfef WVbf ivsk dlstb. (mf}, dm} 4375 bQ)

30 ************************ mdrtfv bfmfp

mrfbhD hstb, lc swaBDv mfbcN slfpJhfnD; pfslvsj

zfdm (Jsbf) sldJdb. ---(slv msLA dkDq swaBDv mfbcN sn)
mdrtflt, pfvf jfiV isvW t Kfjsh, ziv icvNsj
dbsuv dlsj zfjx jvsh hQ dbsuW kfv dlsj zfjx rsh,
pfslv mfKf (ycstv sJ]fif) drst Kfjf ]sev j]csuv mk rsh.
kfvf shsrs iashw jvsh bf. zfv kfv ncoW ifsh bf; zKy
kfv nco k k lCvhkGD fb sKsjW ifWqf pfsh. (zf}, mc},
n}uf} 3799 bQ)

4. sifwfj spb mb z]fe-n]fe (efeXdIe) bf rq, pfsk slsrv

]yc-dbyc hA rq. jfvB mb TfjfW sJftfv ipGfqHc hQ
lxd-zfjNGD.
5. spb ncodk bf rq. mrfbhD hstb, sneX dhtfhfv
sswA sjfb mdrtf pdl kf hAhrfv jsv icvNslv nfmsb pfq,
ksh sn shwAf smsq. (zflf}, dk}, dm} 1065 bQ)
sneX hAhrfv jsv mdrtf mnduslW spsk ifsv bf. jlf
yfwXskv nmq zfhC vfvf mndul sKsj shv rstb.
slJstb, jde mdrtf mndul iashsw lAk. kfv slr hf
sthfn sKsj {jx ncodv nchfn YVfdYt. zfhC vfvf
mdrtfdev ssw htstb, `zftfdjnX nftfm.' mdrtfde
nftfsmv v dlt. dkdb kfsj iaw jvstb, `sjfKfq pfsh
kcdm?' sn htt, `mndusl.' htstb, `dj ubA mb nclv
ncod smsJY kcdm?' htt, `mnduslv ubA.' htstb,

mdrtfv bfmfp ************************ 31

`zffrv jnm?' htt, `zffrv jnm.' icbvfq htstb,
`zffrv jnm?' htt, `zffrv jnm.' kJb dkdb htstb,
`ksh swfb, zfmfsj zfmfv diaqkm zfhct jfsnm hstsYb
sp, sn mdrtfv sjfb bfmfp jhct rq bf, sp kfv fmD YfVf
zbA jfsvfv ubA ncod hAhrfv jsv; pk[B bf sn bfifjDv
sofnt jvfv mk sofnt jsv sbq. zkh kcdm dIsv pfW,
sofnt jsv ncod Lcsq sIt. kfviv dIsv sn bfmfp isVf.'
(zflf}, bf}, mf}, hf}, dnn} 1031 bQ)

6. sthfn spb sjfb jfsIv mdrtfv zbcjxk bf rq. diaq bhD

hstb, sp hAd sp ufdkv nflxwA zhtb (sthfsnsifwfsj, yft-ytsb zbcjvB) jvsh sn kfslv ltHc.
(zflf}, dm} 4347 bQ)

7. kf spb icvNslv sthfsnv zbcvi bf rq. mrfbhD sn

bfvDslvsj zdHwfi dlsqsYb, pfvf icvNslv shw LfvB jsv
hQ sn icvNslvsjW zdHwfi dlsqsYb, pfvf bfvDslv shw
LfvB jsv. (zflf} 4097, mf} 1904 bQ)
dkdb sn icvNsj zdHwfi dlsqsYb, sp mdrtfv mk sthfn
isv hQ sn mdrtfsjW zdHwfi dlsqsYb, sp icvsNv mk
sthfn isv. (zflf} 4098, mf} 1903 bQ)
8. sthfn spb u]fjumjiCBG iadndubj bf rq. jfvB, dhvt
Lvsbv sthfn ivst nfLfvBk} idvLfbjfvDv msb ohG nxd rq
hQ lwGsjv lxd zfjNGB jsv. kf mrfbhD hstb, sp

32 ************************ mdrtfv bfmfp

hAd lcdbqfsk iadndubj sthfn ivsh, zffr kfsj

djqfmsk tfbfv sthfn ivfshb. (zf}, zflf}, mf}, dm} 4346 bQ)
sp hAd u]fjumjiCBG sthfn ivsh, zffr kfsj djqfmsk
zbcvi sthfn idvsq kf zdol jvshb. (zflf}, hf}, n}uf} 6526 bQ)

bfmfspv dHksv dhswN sthfn

lvhfv zffrv. dkdb snZlpG iYl jsvb. kf bfmfpDv

dyk, pKfnfLA snZlpG zhtb jsv k]fv lvhfsv rfduv
rWqf. mrfbhD hstb, skfmfslv sj pJb bfmfp isV,
kJb kfsj lc'de jfiV ivf dyk. jfvB, zffr zdLjkm
rjlfv sp, k]fv ubA nfunf oarB jvf rsh. (n}uf} 652 bQ)
i[fsv bfmfspv ubA mb bjXwflfv jfiV rWqf dyk
bq, pfsk bfmfpDv mb hf jfoakf ycdv jsv sbq. jlf mrfbhD
bjXwflfv sjfb jfisV bfmfp iVfv iv htstb, de
sIv{ dlsq `zffufbD' (bjXwfdhrDb) jfiV dbsq n. jfvB,
de zfmfsj zfmfv bfmfp sKsj lfn jsv sIstdYt. (hc}, mc},
dm} 757 bQ)

bfmfpDv bfmfspv mb sthfn rWqf dyk bq, pfsk sjfb

(dhyvBwDt) iafBDv Ydh Kfsj. jfvB, skW bfmfpDv msbfspfo
dYdbsq sbq. rpvk zfsqwf (vf}) v js[v j iafs jde
Ydhpc vdMb ilGf effsbf dYt. jlf mrfbhD htstb,
skfmfv ilGf zfmfslv dbje sKsj ndvsq bfW. jfvB, Wv

mdrtfv bfmfp ************************ 33

Ydhstf zfmfv bfmfsp dhO nxd jvsY. (hc} 374 bQ)
dkdb hstb, sp Osv jcjcv zKhf Ydh (hf mCdkG) Kfsj, sn Osv
dIdvf iashw jsvb bf. (mf}, zf}, dk}, dr}, n}uf} 1961, 1963 bQ)
zkh bfmfspv hfsvW Lvsbv Ydhpc sthfn mcndtsmv
ubA ShL bq. jfvB, ntfm Ydh W mCdkGv sOfv dhsvfLD.
sp jfisV zmcndtmslv sjfb LmGDq iakDj (spmb cw, wJ
iaHxdk) Kfsj, sn jfiV (W ztfv) hAhrfv ShL bq. mf
zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, `bhD hfdVsk sjfb dudbsn cw
slJst kf sjse sItskb.' (zf}, zflf} 4151 bQ)
ucskf idh rst, kf ifsq svsJ bfmfp iVf ShL. mrfbhD
hstb, skfmvf qflDslv dhivDk jv. (hQ ucskf W smfuf
ifsq bfmfp iV.) jfvB, Wvf Wslv ucskf W smfuf ifsq svsJ
bfmfp isV bf. (zflf}, dm} 765bQ)
zffrv vnCt dbsNL jsvsYb, spb sj hfm rfsk bf Jfq,
sj spb j ifsq ucskf svsJ bf yst, sj spb mbHfsh
jde mf jfiV fvf dbsusj udVsq bf sbq, pfsk kfv rfk
shv jvfv iK Kfsj bf hQ sj spb jef jfiV isv,
ifYfv iv Hv jsv, ifsqv vtf W rf]ec lc'desj JfVf jsv sise
tfdosq, rfk lc'desj ifsq udVsq, tffb Jcst bf hsn. (mc},
dm} 4315 bQ)

tcdv dHksv djYc bf isv Kfjst hQ zbcvi hnstW

icvNslv tffb iajfw ifWqfv Hq Kfsj. spmb mdrtfslv

34 ************************ mdrtfv bfmfp

wfdV-nfqfskW j zhf rsk ifsv. zkh nh

jfisV vi hnf ShL bq.
mrfbhD hstb, sp hAd bfmfsp kfv tcdsj zrQjfsvv
nfsK o]fsev dbsy Ucdtsq vfsJ, kfv jfu rftft bq hQ
zffrv dbje kfv sjfb nmfb sb. (zflf}, n}uf} 6012 bQ)
iajfw sp, o]fsev dbsy jfiV Ucdtsq bfmfp iVst bfmfp jhct
rq bf - hAfifsv hdBGk rflDnde nrDr bq. (p}zflf} 124, 884 bQ)
zhwA mdrtfslvsj ifsqv o]fe kKf ifsqv ifkf sTsj bfmfp
iVsk rsh. zKGf{, wfdV, swstfqfv hf mAdsj k dbsy bfdmsq
ivsk rsh pfsk ifsqv ifkf sTsj pfq. (zflf} 640, rf} 915bQ)
bfifjDv nslr bf Kfjst iasqfusb mdrtfslv wft, yflv, hf
wfdV ofsq dlsq icvNvf bfmfp iVsk ifsv.
iasqfusb j jfisVv zsLGjef (kcmkD rstW) Dv ofsq
hQ icvN kfv zsLGjef ofsq dlsq bfmfp iVsk ifsv. rpvk
zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, `zffrv vnCt vfs bfmfp iVskb.
zfdm mfdnj zhfq k]fv ifsw Kfjkfm. zfv zfmfv jde
jfiV zfmfv ofsq hQ djYc k]fv ofsq Kfjk.' (zflf} 370 bQ)
sp jfiV isv Kfjf zhfq smsqslv mfdnj rq, sn jfisV
mfdnj stso Kfjfv nslr bf Kfjst idhkfv sofnstv iv bf
LcsqW jfisV kfslv bfmfp iVf ShL. mfdnj tfostW sp
fsb stsosY sjht sn fb Lcsq Jcsbv lfo bf sostW kfsk
bfmfp iVf ShL W wc rsh. (zflf} 365bQ)

mdrtfv bfmfp ************************ 35

sjht lcL ifb jsv mb dwwcic pdl jfisV siwfh jsv
slq, kfrst kfv iv ifdbv dYef smsv hQ bf Lcsq kfsk
bfmfp rsq pfsh. i[fsv pdl dwwcjbAfv siwfh rq zKhf lcL
YfVf zbA JfhfvW Jfq mb dwwc rq, kfrst kfv siwfh jfiV
sKsj Lcsq sItsk rsh. bsy{ bfmfp rsh bf. (hc}, mc}, dm} 497, 502,
zflf} 377-379 bQ)

jfisVv siwfh svfsl wcdjsq sostW kfsk bfmfp rq bf.

jfiV sKsj siwfh ifdb dlsq sLfqf uvvD. (I} 1/198)
sp jfiV isv fmD-Dv dmtb rq sn jfisVW bfmfp wc.
zhwA bfifjD tfost hf tfofv nslr rst bq. (zflf} 366bQ)
efe-dIeX hf z]fe-n]fe mAfd hf swstfqfv-jfdmn isv bfmfp
mjvr. efe rWqfv jfvsB bfmfsp jfoakf H rq. kfYfVf
jfisVv iv sKsj slsrv ]yc-bDyc zQw W zfjfv shfUf pfq.
iv sthfsnv iv TftfW yflv ivf uvvD. spmb sthfsn
yct, sie, diE, rfskv jdv idv Hfsov z (jbc, hf
iaHxdk) shv rsq Kfjst bfmfp rq bf. sjht syrfvf W jd
ipG rfk shv rsq Kfjsh. ifsqv ifkfW sTsj sbWqf jkGhA.
(mh} 16/138, I} 1/288, djlf} 94ix}) zhwA nfmsb sjfb shofbf
icvN Kfjst syrfvfW sTsj dbsk rsh.
Ov zjfv rstW hf jf KfjstW bfmfp iVsk iVsk
Tfjf Ivp mb sjfb z iajfw sisq sost bfmfp hfdkt rsq
pfsh. sn bfmfp icbvfq dIdvsq iVsk rsh. (I} 1/285)

36 ************************ mdrtfv bfmfp

diaq bhD hstb, sjfb nfhfdtjf smsqv mfKfq yflv YfVf

kfv bfmfp jhct rq bf. (zflf}, dk}, dm} 762bQ)
iajfw sp, idvwam W smrbskv jfsuv OmGdn, jflf hf
LcstfmfJf lcoGmq sthfsn mrfb hflwf zffrv lvhfv mndusl
zfnf dyk bq. jfvB, kfsk zffrv idk dIdvf kKf
mcnDoB j ifshb. zfv ubA skf j]fyf di]qfu-vncb
sJsq mndusl zfnsk dbsNL jvf rsqsY.

Jfn mdrtfmrst mdrtfslv

zfpfb W jfmk

rpvk zfsqwf (vf}) v zfpfb W jfmk slWqfv hAfifsv

hdBGk rflDn nrDr bq. zhwA hfrfjDsk zfsY, zfmXv dhb
zfhD nftfmfr hstb, zfdm nWhfbsj dufnf jvtfm sp,
`smsqvf dj jfmk dlsk ifsv?' sv dkdb k]fv dikf rsk
hBGbfv jKf sJ jsv htstb, `mjt hstsYb, pdl mdrtfvf
zfpfb-jfmk slq ksh kf zfIpt. zfv pdl wcLc jfmk
slq, ksh kfW psK.' nWhfb hstb, pcrvD vWqf rsk hQ
dkdb rpvk zfsqwf (vf}) rsk hBGbf jsvsYb sp, dkdb
(zfsqwf) hstsYb, `zfmvf dhbf jfmsk bfmfp iVkfm.'
(v nblde rfnfb.)
mfm hfrfjD hstb, `iaKsmf zfnfsvv nfsK -pdl

mdrtfv bfmfp ************************ 37

zfnfv nrDr rq kfrst Hsqv msLA- iviv dhsvfdLkf sb.
jfvB, rsk ifsv sp, ufsqp hBGbfv sswA dkdb Hq
iajfsvv zfmt (jJsbf vi, jJsbf vi) jsvsYb. zfv
zffr zdLj ufsbb.'
zffmf zfthfbD hstb, hAfifsv ndEj zdHmk rt bhfh
dnDj rfnfb Jfsbv; dkdb hstsYb, `---zfv iajfw sp,
mdrtfvf zfmst icvNslv mk. jfvB, mdrtfvf icvNslv
nsrflvf. icvNslvsj pf jvsk zfslw rq, sn zfslw
mdrtfslv isvW hkGfq. i[fsv kfslv is[ zfpfbjfmk Wqfsuh bf rWqfv hAfifsv sjfb oarBspfoA ltDt
sb. zfpfb bf Kfjfv hAfifsv hdBGk rflDsnv nbslv djYc
hBGbfjfvD idvkA; pfslv rflDn ltDtspfoA bq. nckvfQ
mdrtfslvsj nfLfvB dbslGw sKsj Jfdvu jvfv mk sjfb
dbHGvspfoA ltDt Kfjst m; bsy{ WvfW icvNslv mk.'
(zfv-vWpfkcb bfdlqAfr 1/79, dnp} 2/271)

bfmfspv dbqk

bfmfpD sp bfmfp iVsh msb msb kfv dbqk hf nQji jsv

sbsh. zfvhDsk h]fLf-oVf dbqk hf dbu HfNfq sjfb dbqk mcsJ
yfvB jvf hf zfWVfsbf dhlXzfk. (nftfnc vfnft dInXnftfr 3ix},

mfuffkct hcrCdnt ntfdmqAfr 24/64)

38 ************************ mdrtfv bfmfp

bfmfsp msbfdbshw

v iv zdk dhbq nrjfsv, jfoadys, zflshv nfsK,

jmf zffrv ncd dhLfsbv sswA (zKGf{ stfj ialwGb hf
sjfb fKG tfsHv sswA bq), dh W jdb rlsq,
vnctcfr -v kvDjf zbcpfqD, ifdKGh nhGiajfv nijG dY
jsv bfmfspv iadk msbfdbshw jvsh.

kjhDsv kfrvDmf

zk}iv kfrvDmfv kjhDv `zff zfjhfv' (zKGf{, zffr

nhGfsi[f mrfb) hst rfk lcde (sJftf zhfq) jfsbv idv
Hfo zKhf j]fL hvfhv sftb jvsh. (hcJfvD, zfhC lfl, hsb
Jcpfmfr, rfsjm, dmwjfk 795, 801bQ) jfsbv tdk iwG jvsh bf.
yflv isv Kfjst yflsvv dHkv sKsj rfk lcde shv jsv `vIXsq
lfqb' jvsh. (mcndtm, dmwjfk 797bQ) zhwA sJqft vfJsk rsh
pfsk hfuc shv rsq bf pfq. yflv fvf mcJ sTsj vfJsh bf (nrDr
zfhC lfl 597, nrDr hsb mfufr 789bQ, mczf) hQ yflsvv lc iaf
lc jf]sLv iV Ucdtsq vfJsh bf; hvQ jf]sL udVsq vfJsh.
(nrDr zfhC lfl 597, dmwjfk 764bQ)

zhwA nfmsb sjfb shofbf icvN Kfjst syrfvf Tfjf

Wqfsuh.

mdrtfv bfmfp ************************ 39

r hb

zk}iv Ffb rfksj hfm rfskv iv svsJ hcsjv iv

fib jvsh. jJsbf hf hfm rfskv sysefv disEv iv hf
jdv iv zKhf iasjfsv (jbc rsk jd ipG rfskv)
iv Ffb rfk (LfvB bf jsv) vfJsh. (zfhC lfl, bfnf, hsb
Jcpfmfr 1/54/2, hsb drfb 485bQ) zfv jJsbf hf Ffb rfskv
zfct dlsq hfm rfksj LfvB jvsh. (bfnf, lfvfjckbD, dnIfkc nftfdkb
bfhD, zfthfbD 88ix})

bfmfsp lxdifskv fb

zk}iv sn dhwft dhhfdLidkv nfmsb jf dhbsqv nfsK

buv Ucdjsq dnulfv fsb dbh vfJsh. (hfrfjD, rfsjm, vWqft
oftDt 354bQ) zfjfswv iadk jsJfb lxdifk jvsh bf (hcJfvD,
zfhclfl, mcndtm, dmwjfk 983bQ) hQ zfswifsw sjfb dlsjW syfJ
sevf jsv slJsh bf. (hcJfvD, zfhc lfl, dkvdmpD, rfsjm, hsb Jcpfmfr, hsb
drfb, nrDr kfvoDh 551-552bQ) msb msb LfvBf jvsh sp sn
spb zffrsj slJsY. kf nHh bf rst Hfhsh sp, zffr
kfsj slJsYb. (kfhfvfbD, mcnbfsl zfrmfl, dnIfkc nftfdkfhD 90ix}) ksh
kfv sjfbvi zfjfv msb jibf jvsh bf. jfvB kf]v mk
sjfb djYc sb. (nCvf wCvf 11 zfqfk)

40 ************************ mdrtfv bfmfp

dIkfrv lczf

zk}iv dIk
X frv lczf db}ws ifE jvsh }

.
yfvB}- zff-mf hf-l hfbD z hfbf Jfkf-qAf-qAf
jfmf hf-zff hfbft mfwdvdj zt mfodvh, zff-mf
bfdbD dmbft Jfkf-qAf, jfmf qcAbffN NfWhct zfhqAfpc dmbflX
lfbfn, zff-mfoXdnt Jfkf-qAf-qAf dht mf-dq zNXNftdu
ztXhfvfl.
zKG}- sr zffr! kcdm zfmfv mfsU W zfmfv sofbfrnmCsrv
mfsU kef hAhLfb vfJ spmb kcdm iChG W idysmv mfsU hAhLfb
svsJY. sr zffr! kcdm zfmfsj sofbfrnmCr sKsj idvjfv
jsv lfW spmb nflf jfiV mqtf sKsj idvjfv jvf rq. sr
zffr! kcdm zfmfv sofbfrnmCrsj ifdb, hvI W jvdj lfvf
sLZk jsv lfW. (hc} 744, mc} 598, zflf} 781, bf}, lf}, zfzf} 2/98, mf}
805, zf} 2/231, 494, zfwf} 29199 bQ) zKhf iVsh }.
yfvB}- nchrf-bfjff-mf zdhrfmdljf zkfhfvfjfnmcjf zkfzf'-tf ufcjf z tf tf-rf ofqvjX.

mdrtfv bfmfp ************************ 41

zKG}- skfmfv iawQnfv nfsK skfmfv idhkf hBGbf jdv sr
zffr! skfmfv bfm zdk hjGkmq, skfmfv mfrfkA zdk y
hQ kcdm YfVf sjfb nkA ifnA sb. (zflf} 776, dk}, mf} 806,
kfrfhD 1/117, lfvf} 113, hf} 2/34, rf} 1/235, bf}, lf}, zfwf})

zk}iv htsh }-

yfvB}- zfpc dhf-drn nfmDt zftDm, dmbfw wfkf-dbv

vfuDm, dmb rfmdprD zbfIdJrD zbfIdNr.
zKG}- zfdm nhGswafkf nhGfkf zffrv dbje dhkfdVk
wqkfb sKsj kfv iasvfybf W Ic{jfv rsk zfwaq iafKGbf
jvdY. (zflf} 775, lfvf}, dk}, rf}, zfwf}, dr}, o} 342bQ)
zk}iv (db}ws) `dhnXdmf-drv vfrmf-dbv vfrDm' (zKGf{
zfdm ivm jvBfmq lqftc zffrXv bfm dbsq zfvH jvdY.)
hst zkA jfoakfv nfsK, zsKGv iadk msbfdbshw jsv,
iaftkfv nfsK, jde jde jsv iaskAj zfqfk swsN sKsm,
dmd ncsv, nCvf Ifdkrf ifE jvsh } (zfhc lfl, mcndtm, mfstj, zfrmfl,
dnIfkc nftfdkb bfhD 124ix} W 94 ix})

42 ************************ mdrtfv bfmfp

yfvB}- zftrfmlc dtf-dr vfdt zf'-tfmDb.

zfvvfrmf-dbv vfrDm. mf-dtdj qAfdmDb. qAf-jf bf'hclc
zqAf-jf bffb. rXdlbfnX dnvf-kft mcfjDm. dnvfkffpDbf zfbXzf'mkf zftfdrm. ofdvt mfopCdh zftfdrm
ztfp pf-Db.
zKG}- nm iawQnf nfvf ufrfsbv iadkiftj zffrv ubA.
dpdb zb jvBfmq, ivm lqftc. dpdb dhyfv dlsbv mfdtj.
zfmvf sjht skfmfv hflk jdv hQ skfmfv jfsY nfrfpA
yf. zfmfslvsj nvt iK slJfW; kfslv iK -pfslvsj kcdm
icvfv lfb jsvY. kfslv iK bq -pfvf sfLHfub (qflD)
hQ pfvf iK (dJafb).
nCvfv swsN htsh, `zf-mDb' (zKGf{ jhct jv). zfswifsw
shofbf icvN bf Kfjst hQ nCvf nws ifE jvst nws
sesb `zf-mDb' htsh. (zfhC lfl, dkvdmpD, hsb mfufr, dmwjfk 845bQ,
dnIfkc nftfdkfhD 101ix}) nCvf iaskAj bfmfspv iaskAj
vfjfzfsk ifE jvsh. YfVf bfmfp rsh bf. (hcJfvD, mcndtm, dmwjfk
822 bQ) mcflD rstW nw zKhf db}wsv bfmfspW nCvf
Ifdkrf ifE jvsh. (zfhc lfl, dkvdmpD, bfnf, dmwjfk 854bQ) mfm
ifE jvst kf]v diYc-diYc ifE jsv swsN `ztfpXpf-Db' htst
hQ zfswifsw shofbf icvN bf Kfjst nws sesb `zf-mDb'
htsh. (hcJfvD, mcndtm, dmwjfk 825bQ)

mdrtfv bfmfp ************************ 43

lwde nv
C f hQ kfv yfvB W zbh
c fl

zk}iv db}ws `dhn Xdmf-drv vr Xmf-dbv vfrDm' hst sp

sjfb jde nCvf ifE jvsh. iasqfub W ncdhLfmk sYfe hf hV
nCvf ifE jvsh. (hcJfvD, mcndtm, dmwjfk 790bQ, mcnbfsl zfrmfl, dnIfkc
nftfdkfhD 102ix}) (zfswifsw shofbf icvN bf Kfjst) Iuv,
mfosvh W wfv bfmfsp nCvf Ifdkrfnr zbA jde nCvf nws
hQ hfjD spfrv W zfnsvv bfmfsp db}ws ifE jvsh.
dbsm10de sYfe nCvf yfvB W zKG nr stJf rt. ocdt
hQ zbAfbA zfsvf hV nCvf jcvzfb mfuDl sKsj zKhf sjfb
jfvDv mcJ sKsj wcsb bfmfpD dwsJ hf mcJ jsv sbsh. zbAKf
nvfndv hfQtf sKsj yfvB ndEj rsh bf.

(1) nv
C f bfn

( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
()
yfvB}- jct zfpc dhvdbX bf-n. mfdtdjbX bf-n. tf-drbX
bf-n. dmbX wfdvGt znWqf-dnt Jff-n. zffpD Wqfndhnc ID
nclCdvbX bf-n. dmbft dufdk zbX bf-n.

44 ************************ mdrtfv bfmfp

zKG}- kcdm ht, zfdm zfwaq iafKGbf jvdY, mfbcsNv iadkiftj,

mfbcsNv zLDwv, mfbcsNv ifsnAv jfsY- kfv jcmBfv zdb
rsk, sp ncspfomk zfsn W (jcmBf dlsq) nsv isV. sp
jcmBf slq mfbcsNv rlsq, dub W mfbcsNv mLA rsk.

(2) nv
C f Iftfj

( ) ( )
() ( )
()
yfvB}- jct zfpc dhvdt Iftfj. dmb wfdvG mf Jftfj.
zdmb wfdvG of-dndjb pf zjfh. zdmb wfdvGbX bfIXIf-Nf-dk
dIt jfl. zdmb wfdvG rf-dndlb pf rfnfl.
zKG}- kcdm ht, zfdm zfwaq iafKGbf jvdY Nfv iaHvc dbje.
dkdb pf nxd jsvsYb kfv zdb rsk. hQ vfskv zdb rsk
pJb kf oHDv zjfsv zfY rq. hQ oadsk Ic{jfvjfdvBD
(pflcjvD)slv zdb rsk. hQ drQncsjv zdb rsk pJb sn
drQnf jsv.

mdrtfv bfmfp ************************ 45

(3) nv
C f Jtfn

() ( ) ( )
()
yfvB}- jct Wqff- zfrfl. zff-n nfmfl. tfm
qAfdtl, ztfm tfl. ztfm qAfjctX tf jcIcWqfb zfrfl.
zKG}- ht, dkdb zffr jj. zffr Hvnft. dkdb ubj
bb hQ ufkjW bb. zfv k]fv nmj[ sj sb.

(4) nv
C f tfrfh

() ( )
() ( )
()
yfvB}- kff{ qAflf zfhD tfrfdh] zkfX. mf zfoXbf
zfb mf-tc zmf jfnfh. nfqAfntf bf-vfb pf-kf tfrfh.
zmvfzfkc rfmf-tfkft rfkfh. ID uDdlrf rfhtcm dmm
mfnfl.
zKG}- LQn srfj zfhC tfrfshv lc rfk hQ LQn srfj sn
dbsuW. kfv Lb-nil W ifduGk h kfv sjfb ijfsv

46 ************************ mdrtfv bfmfp

zfnsh bf. sn iashw jvsh stdtrfb dwJfdhdw zdojcs. zfv

kfv DW -sp jfsEv shfUf hrbjfdvBD. Wv otslsw sJucv
syfjfv vdw rsh.

(5) nv
C f bfnv
X

( )

() ( )
yfvB}- pf uf-zf bfnXvf-dr zt IfkXr. zvfzfkfbX
bf-nf qAflXJt
c Cbf ID lDdbf-dr zfIWqfuf. Ifnfdr dhrfmdl
vfdjf zfodIv; f jf-bf kfWqf-hf.
zKG}- pJb zfnsh zffrv nfrfpA W dhuq. kcdm slJsh
mfbcNsj lst lst zffrv Dsb iashw jvsk. kJb kcdm
skfmfv iadkiftsjv niawQn idhkf sOfNBf jv hQ k]fv
dbje [mf iafKGbf jv. dbyq dkdb [mfwDt.

(6) nv
C f jf-dIvb

( ) ( )
() ( ) ( )
()

mdrtfv bfmfp ************************ 47

yfvB}- jct qf zfqcrft jf-dIvb. tf- zf'hclc mfkf'hclCb. ztf- zfm zf'-dhlCbf mf- zf'hcl. ztf- zfbf
zf'-dhlcm mf zf'hfcm. ztf- zfm zf'-dhlCbf mf- zf'hcl.
tfjcm lDbcjcm zdtqf lDb.
zKG}- ht, sr jfsIvlt! zfdm kfv ifnbf jdv bf, pfv
ifnbf skfmvf jv. skfmvfW k]fv ifnj bW, p]fv ifnbf
zfdm jdv. zfdm kfv ifnj rh bf, pfv ifnbf skfmvf jv.
zfv skfmvfW k]fv ifnj bW, p]fv ifnbf zfdm jdv.
skfmfslv LmG skfmfslv hQ zfmfv LmG zfmfv (jfsY diaq).

(7) nv
C f jfNfv

() ( ) ( )

yfvB}- f- zf'kfbf-jft jfNfv. Ifnfd dtvdjf

zbXrfv. f- wf-dbzfjf Wqft zfhkfv.
zKG}- db}nslsr zfdm skfmfsj jfnfv (rWp) lfb jsvdY.
nckvfQ kcdm skfmfv iadkiftsjv sswA bfmfp iV hQ
jcvhfbD jv. dbyq skfmfv w rt dbhGQw.

48 ************************ mdrtfv bfmfp

(8) nv
C f jv
c fw

( ) ( )
() ( )
yfvB}- dttf-dI jcvfwX. tf-dIdrm dvrXtfkfw dwkf-
znXnfIX. Ift qAf'hclc vff rf-pft hfkX. zffpD
zfkXzfmfm dmb uC'. zzf-mfbfm dmb JfIX.
zKG}- spsrkc jcvfswv ubA wDk W oaDsmv nIvsj kfslv
HfhnctH jvf rsqsY, snsrkc Wvf ifnbf jvj oxsrv
v[sjv. dpdb [cLfq Wslvsj zfrfv dlsqsYb hQ HDdk rsk
dbvfil jsvsYb.

(9) nv
C f IDt

( )
( ) ( )
()
( )
yfvB}- zftfm kfvf jfIf Ifzftf vcjf dhzfnXrf-dht
IDt. zftfm qAfuXzftX jflfm ID kfptDt. zzfvnftf
zftfdrm kfvfb zfhf-dht. kfvmDdrm dhdrufvfdkm dmb

mdrtfv bfmfp ************************ 49

dnDt. Ifufzftfm jfzfnXdIm mf'jCt.
zKG}- kcdm dj slJ db, skfmfv iadkiftj rDhfdrbDv ns dj
jsvdYstb? dkdb dj Wslv sjZwtsj hAKG jsv slb db? dkdb
kfslv iv U]fsj U]fsj ifdJ siavB jsvb. pfvf Wslv iv
dbs[i jsv jv. zk}iv dkdb Wslvsj Hd[k kxBnlxw
jsv slb.

(10) nv
C f zfnv
X

( ) ( )
()

yfvB}- ztX zfnXv. ft bnf-bf tfID JcnXv. ffpDbf

zf-mfbC zzf'dmtcn nf-dtrf-dk zkfWqfnf dht rfd
zkfWqfnf dhnXnfhXv.
zKG}- mrfjfstv wiK! mfbcN zhwA [dkoa. ksh kfvf
bq, pfvf mfb sb n{jmG jsvsY hQ sj zivsj nkA W
SLspGv islw dlsqsY.

50 ************************ mdrtfv bfmfp

mcflDv ncvf ifE

mcflD rst spfrv W zfnsvv bfmfsp zbA nCvf ifE jvsh.

Iuv, mfosvh W wfv bfmfsp nCvf Ifdkrf ifE jsv mfsmv
djvfzfk msbfspfo nrjfsv wahB jvsh, zbA nCvf ifE jvsh
bf. (zfhc lfl, dkvdmpD, bfnf, zfrmfl, lfvfjckbD, dmwjfk 854 bQ)

vjCv dbqm

nCvf ifE swN rst jec sKsm (zfhc lfl, rfsjm, dnIfkc nftfdkb bfhD
128ix}) zffrXv kf'pDsmv sswA lc rfksj jfb zKhf j]fL
nmfb kcst `zff zfjhfv' hst Uc]sj vjC jvsh. (hcJfvD, mcndtm,
dmwjfk 793,794, 795bQ) Hq jvkt dlsq Hq rf]ec LfvB
jvsh. (hcJfvD, zfhc lfl, dmwjfk 792, 802bQ) zfctdtsj Jcst
vfJsh. (rfsjm, dnIfkc nftfdkb bfhD 129ix}) jbc hf hf lcdesj i]fuv
W sie sKsj lCsv vfJsh. (dkvdmpD, hsb Jcpfmfr, dmwjfk 801bQ) diE
hQ mfKfsj snfuf W nmkt vfJsh. (dmwjfk 801bQ, hfrfjD, hcJfvD,
hsb mfufr, kfhfvfbD, dnIfkc nftfdkfhD 130ix}) spb diE sKsj mfKf ]yc
hf bDyc bf rq hQ disEv mfsU ifdb vfJst spb odVsq bf pfq.
(kfhfvfbD jfhDv W nfoDv, hsb mfufr 872bQ) lxdsj dnulfv fsb
dbh vfJsh. (hfrfjD, dmwjfk 996bQ)

mdrtfv bfmfp ************************ 51

vjCv lczf

zk}iv iawf rsq knXhDrnmCsrv sjfb jde dkb hf

kskfdLj hfv ifE jvsh }
1.

yfvB}- nchrf-bf vfdqft zfpDm.
zKG}- zfdm zfmfv mrfb iadkiftsjv idhkf sOfNBf jvdY.
de vnCt 3 hfv ifE jvskb. (zfhC lfl, hsb mfufr, lfvfjckbD,
kfrfhD, hfpXpfv, hsb Jcpfmfr 604bQ, kfhfvfbD)

zhwA sjfb sjfb nmsq dksbv zdLjhfvW ifE jvskb.

jfvB, jJsbf jJsbf k]fv vjC W dnulfr djqfsmv mk lDOG
rk. (dnIfkc nftfdkb bfhD 132ix})
2.
.
yfvB- nchrf-bf vfdqft zfpDm zdhrfmdlr.
zKG- zfdm zfmfv mrfb iadkiftsjv niawQn idhkf
sOfNBf jvdY. 3 hfv. (zfhC lfl 885bQ, lfvfjckbD, zfrmfl, kfhfvfbD, hfrfjD)
3.
.
yfvB}- ncCrcb jcCncb vfct mftf-jfdk zvGr.
zKG- zdk dbvb, znDm idh dIdvfmtD W duhvDt
(zf}) v iaHc (zffr). (mcndtm, zfhc zfWqfbfr, dmwjfk 872 bQ)

52 ************************ mdrtfv bfmfp

4.
.
yfvB}- nchrf-bfjff-mf vfbf zdhrfmdljf,zffmfoX dIvtD.
zKG- sr zffr! zfdm skfmfv niawQn idhkf sOfNBf jdv,
sr zfmfslv iaH!c kcdm zfmfsj mfI jv.
sjfb tf bfmfsp j knhDr bf hst bfmfpD zbAfbA knhDr
dmdtsq htsk ifsv. (dnIfkc nftfdkfhD, zfthfbD 134ix} eDjf) vjCsk hf
dnulfsk jcvzfb mfuDslv sjfb zfqfk ifE jvsh bf. (mcndtm,
zfhc zfWqfbfr, dmwjfk 873bQ) sjfb iajfv kfVfVf bf jsv mcvoDv
lfbf JfWqfv mk vjC-dnulf jsv bfmfp ycdv jvsh bf. (zfhc qftf,
hfrfjD, hsb Jcpfmfr, kfhfvfbD, hsb zfhD wfhfr, rfsjm iaHxdk, dnIfkc nftfdkfhD 131ix})

zk}iv iawfHfsh `nfdmzff- dtmfb rfdmlfrX' (zKfG{,

sp hAfd zffrv iawQnf jsv, zffr kf wahB jsvb).
lczf hst vjC sKsj mfKf kctsh (hcJfvD, mcndtm, dmwjfk 793bQ) hQ
jfb hf jf]L hvfhv rfk kctsh. (hcJfvD, mcndtm, dmwjfk 794, 795,
801bQ) niCBGvsi JfVf rsq l]fVfsbfv iv htsh }
1. ( hcJfvD, mcndtm, dmwjfk 793, 799bQ)
2. ( hcJfvD 803 bQ, iamcJ)
3.

(hcJfvD 796, mcndtm, iaHxdk, dmwjfk 874bQ)

4. ( hcJfvD 795bQ, mcndtm, iamcJ)

yfvB}- vffbf tfjft rfmXl, (zKhf) vffbf ztfjft

mdrtfv bfmfp ************************ 53

rfmXl, (zKhf) zffmf vffbf tfjft rfmXl, (zKhf)
zffmf vffbf ztfjft rfmXl.
zKG}- sr zfmfslv iaH!c skfmfv dbdms pfhkDq iawQnf.
(zKhf)
5.
.
yfvB}- vffbf ztfjft rfmXlc rfmlfb jfNDvfb kfdqhfm
mchf-vfjfb IDr.
zKG } sr zfmfslv iaH!c skfmfv pfhkDq iawQnf, zodBk
idhkf W hjGkmq iawQnf. (hcJfvD 798, mfstj 494, zfhC lfl 770bQ)
mcflD rst `nfdmzff-r' bf hst mfsmv htfv iv sjht
`vffbf tfjft rfmXl'X kAfdl lczf ifE jvsh. (mcndtm, dmwjfk
826bQ) zhwA Hq htfW slfNfhr bq.
djqfsm rfk lcde icbvfq iCshGv mk hcsjv iv vfJsh, bf
sYsV vfJsh, kfv sjfb i dbslGw wvDqsk sb. (dnIfkc
nftfdkfhD, zfthfbD 138-139ix} eDjf. zffmf zfthfbDv dbje vjc
sKsj sE icbvfq hcsj rfk h]fLf dhlzfk. wfqJ hsb hfp, hsb
NfmDb iaHxdkv dbje de nck.)

dnulfr

zk}iv dhbdkv nfsK `zff zfjhfv' hst dnulfq pfsh.

(hcJfvD, mcndtm, dmwjfk 799bQ) rf]ecv iCshG rfk lcdesj mfdesk vfJsh.
(zfhc lfl, bfnf, lfsvmD, dmwjfk 899bQ) (r]fecW iCshG vfJsk ifsv.)

54 ************************ mdrtfv bfmfp

(zfhc lfl, dkvdmpD, bfnf, hsb mfufr, lfsvmD. rflDnde pqDI; dj
h tfmfv msk rfnfb W zfmt spfoA. kf ncdhLfmk, rf]ecW zfso
vfJsk ifvf pfq. hA } dnIfkc nftfdkfhD, hsb hfp. Ikt oIcv,
dhdnrrfdk kfjlDdmv vjhfkfdb jfhtft lAfqdb dIn ncuCl, zft
hfrtft. mfuffkct hrCdnt ntfdmqAfr 15 nQJAf 66ix} W 18 nQJAf
87ix}) nfkde z; bfj nr jift, lc rfskv sysef, lc ifsqv

ifkf hQ lc r]fec fvf dnulfvk rsh. (hcJfvD, mcndtm, dmwjfk

887bQ) rfk-ifsqv zfctdtsj sjhtfmcJD jvsh. (hfrfjD,
hsb zfhD wfhfr 1/82/2, dnIfkc nftfdkfhD 141-142ix} hcJfvD, zfhc lfl)
ifsqv ifkf lcdesj dmdtkHfsh JfVf vfJsh. (mcndtm 486bQ, zfhc
lfl 879bQ, bfnf 169bQ) jvkt

W zfctdtsj dhdYsq vfJsh.

(zfhc lfl, rfsjm, dnIfkc nftfdkfhD 141ix}) zfctdtsj If]j If]j
jsv bf svsJ fHfdhjHfsh mfdev iv vfJsh. (hsb Jcpfmfr,
hfrfjD, rfsjm, 141ix}) rfk lcdesj jfb zKhf jf]sLv snfuf
mfdesk vfJsh. (zfhc lfl, bfnf, dkvdmpD, vWqft oftDt 309bQ)
jbcsj mfde W i]fuv hf sie rsk lCsv JfVf vfJsh. (hcJfvD,
mcndtm, dmwjfk 889bQ W 891bQ) mfdesk iasjf (jbc rsk jd
ipG rfk hf rfskv vtf) dhdYsq vfJsh bf. (hcJfvD, mcndtm, dmwjfk
888bQ) sisev nfsK jbc tfdosq vfJsh bf. uVnV bf rsq
diEsj snfuf vfJsh. dbsyv dlsj h]fdjsq hf isvv dlsj dEsq
j]csuf jsv vfJsh bf hQ vv iwG rsk siesjW lCsv vfJsh.
(dmwjfk 888bQ, dnIfkc nftfdkfhD, hsb hfp 7ix})

mdrtfv bfmfp ************************ 55

dnulfv lczf

dvkfv nfsK dnulfr zhfq dbsmv knhDr dkb hf

kskfdLjhfv ifE jvsh}
1. .
(nchrf-bf vfdqAft zf'tf)
zKG- zfdm zfmfv mrfb iaHvc niawQn idhkf sOfNBf jdv.
(zfhC lfl 885bQ, lfvfjckbD, kfrfhD, hfppfv, kfhfvfbD)

jJsbf iVsh }
2.
.
yfvB}- nchrf-bf vfdqAft zf'tf zdhrfmdlr.
zKG- zfdm zfmfv ncmrfb iaHvc niawQn idhkf sOfNBf jdv.
3 hfv. (zfhC lfl 870bQ, zfrmfl, lfvfjckbD, hfrfjD 2/86, kfhfvfbD)
jJsbf iVsh }
3.
.
yfvB}- ncCrcb jcCncb vfct mftf-jfdk zvGr.
zKG}- zdk dbvb, znDm idh dIdvfmtD W duhvDt
(zf}) v iaHc (zffr). (mcndtm, dmwjfk 872bQ)
jJsbf hf iVsh }
4.
.
yfvB}- nchrf-bfjff-mf vfbf zdhrfmdljf,zff-mfoX

56 ************************ mdrtfv bfmfp

dIvtD.
zKG}- sr zffr! zfdm skfmfv niawQn idhkf sOfNBf jdv,
sr zffr! kcdm zfmfsj mfI jv. (hcJfvD, mcndtm, dmwjfk 871bQ)
lDOG bfmfsp isvf jfdLj knhDr js dmdtsq iVsk
ifsv bfmfpD. (dnIfkc nftfdkfhD, zfthfbD 134ix})
dnulfr zhfq hflfr zdLj zdLj zffrv dbjehkGD rq.
kf sk zsbj zsbj lczf jvsk htf rsqsY. (mcndtm, zfhc
zfWqfbfr, hfrfjD, dmwjfk 894bQ) lczfv ubA vjCv 3bQ knhDr
hQ dbsmv lczf iEbDq }
5.
.
yfvB}- zff-mfoXdIvtD pfmhD jcfr, zdlf zdufr,
z zfWqftf z zf-dJvfr, z zftf-dbqAfkf zdnvGfr.
zKG}- sr zffr! kcdm zfmfv jm W shwD, iCshGv W isvv,
iajfdwk W oc njt iajfv sofbfrsj mfI jsv lfW. (mcndtm 483bQ,
zfhc zfWqfbfr, dmwjfk 892bQ)

jcvzfb mfuDslv sktfzskv dnulfq jfdLjhfv lczf

ifE jvsh }
.
yfvB}- nfuflf zudrqf dtfpD Jftfjf zwfjXjf
nfmzf zhfnfvf dhrfdtrD zjcWqfdkr.

mdrtfv bfmfp ************************ 57

zKG}- zfmfv mcJmt k]fv ubA dnulfhbk rt dpdb Wsj
nxd jsvsYb hQ nDq wd W [mkfq Wv y[c W jBGsj
lXok jsvsYb. (zfrmfl 6/30, zfhc lfl, dkvdmpD, bfnf, rfsjm, dmwjfk

1035, nrDr kfvoDh 474bQ)

kfrfcslv bfmfsuv dnulfq iVsh }

.
yfvB}- nchrf-jff-mf z dhrfmdljf tf tf-rf f zfX.
zKG}- sr zffr! zfdm skfmfv niawQn idhkf sOfNBf jdv,
kcdm YfVf zbA sjfb nkA mfhcl sb. (mcndtm 485, zfhc zfWqfbfr,
bfnf, dnIfkc nftfdkfhD 147ix})

zKhf }
.
yfvB}- nchrf-bf dpt ufhfvdk zt mftfjCdk zt
djhdvqf- zt zfpfmfr.
zKG}- zfdm iahtkf, nfhGsHZmk, ohG W mfrfskAv zdLjfvD
(zffrv) idhkf sOfNBf jdv. (zfhc lfl, bfnf)
zKhf }
.
yfvB- zff-mfoXdIvtD mf zfnvfvkc zmf zf'tfbkc.
zKG- sr zffr! zfmfv ziajfwA W iajfwA ifinmCr [mf jsv
lfW. (hsb zfhD wfhfr 62/112/1, bfnf 1076, rfsjm, 147ix})
zKhf lczf jcbcskv lczfde ifE jvsh }

58 ************************ mdrtfv bfmfp

.
yfvB}- zff-mf D zfpc dhdvpf-jf dmb nfJfdkj,
zdhmczfIf-dkjf dmb jChfdkj, z zfpc dhjf dmbXjf tf
rXnD Nfbf-zfb zftfjf zff jfmf zfNbfkf zftf
bfIdnjX.
zKG}- sr zffr! dbyq zfdm skfmfv ndv znDtfq
skfmfv sfL sKsj, skfmfv [mfwDtkfv znDtfq skfmfv wfd
sKsj hQ skfmfv nfv znDtfq skfmfv zfpfh sKsj zfwaq
iafKGbf jvdY. zfdm skfmfv iv skfmfv iawQnf ocsb swN
jvsk ifdv bf, spmb kcdm dbsuv iawQnf dbsu jsvY. (nrDr bfnf

1053, hsb mfufr 3841bQ, mcndtm, zfhc zfWqfbfr, hsb zfhD wfhfr 12/106/2)

zk}iv `zff- zfjhfv' hst LDvkfv nfsK dnulfr sKsj

mfKf kctsh. hf] ifsqv ifkf dhdYsq kfv ktslswv iv hf]
ifYf svsJ hnsh. (zfhc lfl, mcndtm, zfhc zfWqfbfr, vWqft oftDt
316bQ) Ffb ifsqv ifkf JfVf vfJsh (hcJfvD, hfrfjD, dnIfkc nftfdkfhD
151ix}) hQ v zfctocdtsj sjhtfmcJD jsv sbsh. (bfnf,
151ix}) mb snfuf rsq hnsh pfsk iaskAj zd kfv dbu
sufsV dv rsq pfq. (hcJfvD, mcndtm, dmwjfk 790-791, zfhc lfl, dkvdmpD
iaHxdk, dmwjfk 801bQ)

mdrtfv bfmfp ************************ 59

lc dnulfv mfsU lczf

nmq rfk lcdesj v W ufbcsqv isv vfJsh hQ

(db}ws) lczf iVsh }
. ( )

yfvB}- zff-mfoXdIvtD zvrfmbD (zuhcvbD

zvIf'bD) zrdlbD z zf-dIbD zvpcjbD.
zKG- sr zffr! zfmfsj [mf jv, lqf jv, (zfmfv
iasqfub dmefW, zfmfsj ]yc jv), iK slJfW, dbvfif lfW
hQ uDdhjf lfb jv. (zfhc lfl 850, dkvdmpD 284, hsb mfufr 898,
rfsjm, dmwjfk 900bQ, dnIfkc nftfdkfhD 153ix})

sjfb sjfb hBGbfq lczfv wcvsk `zffmf'v idvhskG

`vfd' hAhrfv rsqsY. (hsb mfufr 898 bQ)
jJsbf hf iVsh }
. ( vfdodIvtD, vfdodIvtD)
zKG- sr zfmfv iaH!c zfmfsj [mf jv, sr zfmfv iaH!c
zfmfsj [mf jv. (zfhC lfl 874, nrDr hsb mfufr 731bQ, vWqft oftDt 335bQ)
zk}iv icbvfq iCshGv bAfq `zff- zfjhfv' hst dkDq
hfv dnulfq pfsh hQ iCshGf knhDrfdl ifE jvsh. zk}iv
`zff- zfjhfv' hst ncdvHfsh dnulfr sKsj sE icbvfq
iCshGv mk hnsh, spb iaskAj rfV dbsuv ufqofq hsn pfq.
(hcJfvD, zfhc lfl, dkvdmpD, lfsvmD, hsb mfufr, dmwjfk 801bQ)

60 ************************ mdrtfv bfmfp

dnulf sKsj WEf

[sB sjfb lczf sb. rftjf hsn dkDq vfjzfskv ubA

jvkt fvf mfdev iv Hv dlsq, (hcJfvD 824 bQ, kfmfmct dmfr
196ix}) JmDv nfbfv mk mcnffv iv Hv dlsq, (zfhc nrfj rfvhD,
kfmfmct dmfr 196ix}) (mkfsv) ufbcv iv Hv dlsq sE
lfqmfb rsh. (zfhc lfl 839 bQ, rflDnde pqDI, zsbsjv dbje
rfnfb zfmt spfoA. slJcb, dnIfkc nftfdkfhD hsb hfp 8-9ix},
mfuffkct hdnt ntfdmqAfr 15/66, 18/87)

dkDq vfjzfk

iCshGv vfjzfskv bAfq h[}st rq pKfdbqsm fib jsv

`dhndmf-drv vfrmf-dbv vfdrm' hst nCvf Ifdkrf nr zbA
jde nCvf ifE jvsh. ksh st Efv iv rsftb jvsh
bf hQ lczf sIkfrXW iVsh bf. (mcndtm, zfhc zfWqfbfr, dnIfkc
nftfdkfhD 155ix}) hfjD zfmt iaKm vfjzfskv mk jvsh.
zhwA vfjzfk iaKm vfjzfskv sysq kctbfmCtjHfsh sYfe
rsh. (hcJfvD, mcndtm, 112, 155ix})

kfwfrXl

dkDq vfjzfskv lc dnulf jvfv iv iCshGv bAfq hsn pfsh.

mdrtfv bfmfp ************************ 61

zKGf{ hf] ifsqv ifkfv iv hf] ifYf svsJ hnsh. Ffb ifsqv
ifkf JfVf svsJ zfctocdtsj sjhtf-mcJD jsv sbsh hQ Ffb
rfk Ffb ufbc W hf] rfk hf] ufbcv iv vfJsh. (zfhc lfl, hfrfjD,
dmwjfk 801bQ) Ffb rfskv zfctdtsj h svsJ sjht kuGbD
(wfrflf{) zfct Jcst vfJsh W kfv fvf (kWrDl hf) sjhtfv
dlsj wfvf jvsh hQ lxd zfcstv iv vfJsh. (mcndtm,
dmwjfk 906-907, zfrmfl, dmwjfk 917bQ, dnIfkc nftfdkfhD 158ix}) jJsbf
hf Ffb rfskv jdbf W zbfdmjf zfct lcde h svsJ mLAmf W
hxfcdtsj dmdtsq softfjfv hftfv mk hfdbsq kuGbD drdtsq
(kWrDslv iadk) wfvf jvsh. (mcndtm, dmwjfk 908, zfhc lfl,
lfsvmD, dmwjfk 911bQ)

zk}iv kfwfrXslv lczf ifE jvsh }-

kfwfrXslv lczf

.
yfvB}- zfkX-kfdrqAf-kc dtf-dr znnftf-Wqf-kc
zkkfdqAhf-kc, zfnnftf-mc zftfjf zfqcArfb bfdhqcA
zvfrmfkcf-dr zhfvfjf-kcr, zfnnftf-mc zftfbf z zftf
hf-dlf-drn nf-dtrDb, zfwrflc zft tf tf-rf ff- z

62 ************************ mdrtfv bfmfp

zfwrflc zff mcrfmflfb zfhlc zvfnCtcr.

zKG}- smZdJj, wfvDdvj W zfdKGj pfhkDq hflk zffrv
dbdms. sr bhD! zfibfv iv nftfm, zffrv vrmk W kf]v
hjGk hNGB srfj. zfmfslv iv hQ zffrv sbj hflfosBv
iv nftfm hNGB srfj. zfdm nfd[ dldY sp, zffr hAkDk
sjfb nkA ifnA sb hQ zfsvf nfd[ dldY sp, mcrfmfl ()
k]fv lfn W siadvk vnCt. (hcJfvD, mcndtm, dmwjfk 909bQ)
iajfw sp, `zfn-nftfmc zftfb bfdhsqA' htfW nfrfhf jkxGj
iamfdBk zfsY. (mcnbfsl dnvfu 9/1/2, IfWqfsql 11/54/1, dnIfkc nftfdkfhD
161-162ix}, dmwjfk kfrjDj zfthfbD 1/286)

lvl

.
yfvB}- zff-mf nfd zftf mcrfmfdl] zzftf zf-dt
mcrfmfl, jfmf nffkf zftf hvf-rDmf z zftf zf-dt
hvf-rDm, fjf rfmDlcm mfuDl. zff-mf hf-dvj zftf
mcrfmfdl] z zftf zf-dt mcrfmfl, jfmf hf-vfjkf zftf
hvf-rDmf z zftf zf-dt hvf-rDm, fjf rfmDlcm mfuDl.
zKG}- sr zffr! kcdm rpvk mcrfml W kf]v hQwLsvv iv
vrmk hNGB jv, spmb kcdm rpvk hvfrDm W k]fv hQwLsvv

mdrtfv bfmfp ************************ 63

iv vrmk hNGB jsvY. dbyq kcdm iawQdnk soZvhfdbk.
sr zffr! kcdm rpvk mcrfml W k]fv hQwLsvv iv hjGk
hNGB jv, spmb kcdm rpvk hvfrDm W k]fv hQwLsvv iv
hjGk hNGB jsvY. dbyq kcdm iawQdnk soZvhfdbk. (hcJfvD,
mcndtm, dmwjfk 919 bQ)

lczf mf-nCvfrX

yfvB}- zff-mf D zfpc dhjf dmb zfpf-dh ufrffm,

z zfpc dhjf dmb zfpf-dht jfhXv, z zfpc dhjf dmb
dIkbfdkt mfnDdrlX lff-t, z zfpc dhjf dmb dIkbfdkt
mfrqAf z dIkbfdkt mfmf-k.
zKG}- sr zffr! dbyq zfdm ufrffm W jhsvv zfpfh
sKsj, jfbf lfft, uDhb W mxkcAv dIkbf sKsj skfmfv dbje
zfwaq iafKGbf jvdY. (hcJfvD, mcndtm, dmwjfk 939, 940, 941bQ)
iajfw Kfsj sp, bfmfspv swN ShEsj yfv iajfv zfpfh W
dIkXbf sKsj ifbfrX yfWqf, h tfmfv dbje Wqfsuh. (dnIfkc
nftfdkfhD 182ix} hA)

zhwA v isv zfvW zbAfbA lczf mf-nCvfrX isV smfbfufk

64 ************************ mdrtfv bfmfp

jvf pfq. (mcndtm, zfhc zfWqfbfr, bfnf, hbct ufvl 27bQ, vWqft oftDt
350bQ) spmb }1.
.
yfvB}- zff-mf D zfpc dhjf dmbft mf'Nfdm z
dmbft mfovfm.
zKG}- sr zffr! zfdm skfmfv dbje ifi W B rsk ifbfr
yfdY. (hcJfvD, mcndtm, dmwjfk 939bQ)
2.

yfvB}- zff-mf D zfpc dhjf dmb wfdvG mf

zfdmtkc z dmb wfdvG mf tfm zf'mft.
zKG- sr zffr! dbyq zfdm skfmfv dbje zfmfv jxk
(ifsiv) zdb rsk hQ zjxk (icsBAv) ml sKsj zfwaq
iafKGbf jvdY. (bfnf1306 , hsb zfhD zfsnm 370bQ)
3.
.
yfvB- zff-mf rf-dnhbD drnf-hf] qAfnDvf.
zKG- sr zffr! kcdm zfmfv nru drnfh oarB jsvf. (zfrmfl
6/48, rfsjm, dnIfkc nftfdkfhD 184bQ)

4.

yfvB}- zff-mf D pftfmkc bfInD pctmfb jfnDvf]

ztf qAfodIvp pcbChf f zff IfoXdIvtD mfodIvfkfm dmb

mdrtfv bfmfp ************************ 65

dljf zvrfmbD fjf zfft ofICvv vfrDm.
zKG- sr zffr! zfdm dbsuv iv zsbj zkAfyfv jsvdY
hQ kcdm dH zbA sjr sofbfrnmCr mfI jvsk ifsvbf.
zkh skfmfv kvI sKsj zfmfsj [mf jsv lfW hQ zfmfv
iv lqf jv. dbyq kcdm [mfwDt lqfhfb. (hcJfvD, mcndtm, dmwjfk 942bQ)
5.
.
yfvB}- zff-mf D zfnzftcjft uffkf z zfpc
dhjf dmbff-v.
zKG- sr zffr! dbyq zfdm skfmfv dbje uffk yfdY hQ
ufrffm sKsj zfwaq iafKGbf jvdY. ( zfhc lfl, nrDr hsb mfufr
2/328, hsb Jcpfmfr 1/87/1)

6.
.
yfvB}- zff-mf djbD zfpf-hfjf qfWmf kfhzfnc
hf-lfj.
zKG}- sr zffr! spdlb kcdm skfmfv hflfslvsj icbvdk
jvsh sndlbjfv zfpfh sKsj zfmfsj v[f jsvf. (mcndtm, dmwjfk
947bQ)

7.
.
yfvB}- zff-mf zfD zftf dpjXdvjf zwcjdvjf
zndb hf-lfdkj.
zKG- sr zffr! kcdm zfmfsj skfmfv dpjXv (nvB), wcjXv
(jxkkf) hQ nclv hflk jvsk nfrfpA lfb jv. (zfrmfl

66 ************************ mdrtfv bfmfp

5/244, 245, 247, zfhC lfl, bfnf 1302bQ, dmwjfk 948bQ)

8.

yfvB}- zff-mf D zfpc dhjf dmbft hcJdt z zfpc

dhjf dmbft uchdb z zfpc dhjf dmb zfb vff tf
zfvpfdtt mcdv z zfpc dhjf dmb dIkbfdkcbXqAf z zfpfdht jfhXv.
zKG}- sr zffr! dbyq zfdm skfmfv dbje jfiGBA W HDvkf
sKsj ifbfr yfdY, dhvkfv hqsn jhdtk rWqf sKsj zfdm
skfmfv dbje zfwaq iafKGbf jvdY zfv lcdbqfv dIkbf W jhsvv
zfpfh sKsj skfmfv dbje zfwaq yfdY. (hcJfvD, dmwjfk 964bQ)
9.

.
yfvB}- zff-mfodIvtD mf jffmkc zmf zfJXJfvkc
zmf zfnvfvkc zmf zf'tfbkc zmf zfnvfIkc zmf zff
zf'tfmc dhrD dmD, zfft mcjfdmc z zfft mczfJXdJvc tf
tf-rf f zfX.
zKG }- sr zffr! kcdm zfmfsj mfuGbf jv, sp zivfL zfdm
iCshG jsvdY hQ pf isv jsvdY, pf sofisb jsvdY hQ pf
iajfswA jsvdY, pf zdkdv jsvdY hQ pf kcdm zdLj ufb.

mdrtfv bfmfp ************************ 67

kcdm zfdl kcdm z. kcdm hAkDk sj nkA ifnA sb.
(mcndtm 771bQ, zfhC zfWqfbfr)

YfVf v nfsK `vffbf zf-dkbf' kAfdl zbAfbA nrDr

mcbfufskv lczfW iVsk ifvf pfq. (bfnf, zfrmfl, kfhfvfbD, mfumfp pfWqfsql
2/142, dntdntfr nfrDrfr 878bQ, mcndtm zfhc zfWqfbfr, bfnf, ufvl 27bQ, vWqft oftDt 350bQ) zfv
ef rsY ndEj mcbfufskv fb.
ipcG rflDnnmCsr jKf iamfdBk sp, mcbfufk nftfm
dIvfv iCshG rsh. spmb, bhD hstb, pJb skfmfslv sj
swN kfwfrl sKsj Ifsvo rsh kJb spb sn zffrv dbje
yfv h sKsj zfwaq sysq sbq------ zk}iv dbsuv ubA
Yfmk lczf jsv. (vWqft oftDt 350bQ)
dkdb zfsvf hstb, pJb skfmvf iaskAj lc vfjzfsk hnsh
kJb zffdrqAfkc--- htfv iv iYlmk lczf jvsh.
(dntdntfr nrDrfr 878bQ)

zfcfr dhb mnl hstb, zfdm bfmfp iVdYtfm, bhD

, zfhc hjv W mfv ifsw dYstb. pJb hntfm kJb
zffrv iawQnf, bhDv iv lvl iVfv iv dbsuv ubA lczf
jvsk tfotfm. bhD htstb, yfW skfmfsj slWqf rsh,
yfW skfmfsj slWqf rsh. (nrDr dkvdmpD 486, dmwjfk 931bQ)
Ifpftfr dhb hfl hstb, jlf vnCt hsndYstb,
nmq j hAd (mndul) iashw jsv bfmfp iVt hQ htt,
sr zffr! zfmfsj [mf jv W lqf jv. bhD htstb, kcdm

68 ************************ mdrtfv bfmfp

utdl jvst bfmfpD! pJb bfmfp iVsh W (kfwfrsl) hnsh,

kJb zffrv ipc iawQnf jv hQ zfmfv iv lvl ifE
jv zk}iv lczf jv.
zk}iv zfv j hAd bfmfp iVt hQ zffrv iawQnf W
bhD -v iv lvl ifE jvt. kJb bhD htstb, sr
(bfmfp vk) bfmfpD ! lczf jv jhct rsh. (nrDr dkvdmpD 2765 bQ,
dmwjfk 930bQ)

i[fsv vnCt -sj dufnf jvf rt sp, oarBspfoA lczf

sjfbde? dkdb uhfsh htstb, swN vfdv oHDsv hQ Ivp
bfmfspv iyfsk (hf swNfQsw). (nrDr dkvdmpD 2782, dmwjfk 968bQ)
iyf{ hf swNfQw bfmfspv nftfm dIvfv iCshGv zQw.
jfvB, nftfm dIvfv iCshGv lczf W mcbfufk jvfv kfjDl
icshGf rflDnnmCsr zfmvf t[A jsvdY. kf YfVf nftfm dIvfv
isv knhDr W dpjXv zfdl iamfdBk. (hcJfvD 841, 842, 843, 844bQ hA)
Iusvv bfmfsp nftfm dIvfv iv mf jde iafKGbfmCtj lczfv
iamfB vsqsY. kfW rfk kcst bq. nckvfQ bhD dbslGw msk
ndEj mcbfufskv fb nftfm dIvfv iCshG. zfv nftfm dIvfv
iv dkdb skf sjht zffmf zffn nftfm--- hst zfv
hnskb bf. (mcndtm, dmwjfk 960bQ)
smfe jKf, mcbfufskv ndEj fb rt, nftfm dIvfv zfso;
nftfm dIvfv isv bq. (dhfdvk hA } zfnt nftfsk mchfwdwv 2q J 141-149ix}))

mdrtfv bfmfp ************************ 69

lczf mfnCvfrXv iv
bfmfp lc vfjzfk dhdw rst zfkX-kfdrqAfkc, lvl W lczf
mfnCvfr zfdl ifE jsv nftfm dIvsh. dkb hf yfv vfjzfk
dhdw rst sjht zfkX-kfdrqAfkc isV kxkDq vfjzfskv ubA
`zff zfjhfv' hst iCshGv dbqsm sE lfqmfb rsh.
iajfw sp, iaKm ShEsjW lvl iVf pfq. (mcndtm, zfhc zfWqfbfr

2/324, bfnf, dnIfkc nftfdkfhD 160-165ix}, kfmfmct dmfr 224ix})

zk}iv bfmfpD lc rfksj j]fL hf jfb hvfhv kcst hcsj

fib jsv `dhndmf-drv vfrmf-dbv vfrDm' hst db}ws
sjht nCvf Ifdkrf ifE jvsh hQ vjC jsv zbAfbA zfmt
swN jvsh. kxkDq W ykcKG vfjzfsk nCvf Ifdkrfv iv zbA
nCvf tfofsh bf. zhwA jJsbf jJsbf zbA jde jsv nCvf
dmdtsq iVskW ifsv. (hcJfvD, mcndtm, dnIfkc nftfdkb bfhD 113 W 178ix}) spmb
iaKm lc vfjzfsk Ifdkrfv iv zbA nCvf tfofsbf uvvD bq.
zk}iv kxkDq vfjzfk swN rst mfosvshv bfmfsp
kfwfrXl W lvl-lczf ifE jsv nftfm dIvsh. bsy{ dkDq
dnulf jvfv iv rfjf jec hsn ykcKG vfjzfskv ubA
pKfdbqsm sE lf]Vfsh hQ iCshGv mk rfk hcsj sh]sL zbAfbA
zfmtnr vfjzfkW ncni jvsh. swN dnulfv iv
(kxkDq hf ykcKG vfjzfkdhdw bfmfsp) mbHfsh hnsh pfsk
hfm ifYf mfdev iv Kfsj hQ hfm ifsqv ifkfsj Ffb ifsqv
uOfv (vtfv) dbsyv dlsj dhdYsq slsh. (hcJfvD, mcndtm, zfhc

70 ************************ mdrtfv bfmfp

zfWqfbfr, zfhc lfl, hfrfjD, dmwjfk 801bQ) Ffb ifsqv ifkfsj JfVf.

svsJ zfctocdtsj sjhtfmcJD jvsh. hfm rfecsj hfm jvkstv

oafn hfbfsh hQ Ffb rfskv iasjf (vtf)sj Ffb uOfv
(ifsqv vtfv) iv bf svsJ vv iv vfJsh. (zfhc lfl, bfnf,
dnIfkc nftfdkb bfhD 157ix}, mcndtm zfhc zfWqfbfr, 181ix}) zfct W
lxdsj pKfdbqsm svsJ wfvf jvf W drtfhfv nfsK nfsK
kfwfrXl, lvl W lczf zfdl ifE jvsh hQ nhswsN Ffb
dlsj mcJ dIdvsq htsh,
.
`zfnXnftf-mc zftfjcm zvfrmfkcf-r.'
zKGf{, skfmfslv iv wfd W zffrv jvBf hdNGk srfj.
zk}iv hf] dlsj mcJ dIdvsq zbcvi hst nftfm dIvsh.
(mcndtm, dmwjfk 943bQ, zfhc lfl, bfnf, dkvdmpD, dmwjfk 950bQ) jJsbfjJsbf v nfsK `z hfvfjf-kcrX'W spfo jvsh. (zfhc lfl, hsb
Jcpfmfr 1/87/2, mcnffI zfcv vfpXpfj 2/219, zfhc qftf 3/12/52, kfhfvfbD,
lfvfjckbD, dnIfkc nftfdkfhD 187ix}) zfhfv hf] dlsj nftfm dIvfq

sjht `zfnXnftf-mc zftfjcm' htfW psK rsh. (bfnf, zfrmfl,

dnvfu 188ix})

nftfm dIvfv nfsK nfsK bfmfp swN rsq pfq. iajfw sp,
mdrtfvfW icvNslv mk j idksk bfmfp zflfq jvsh.
(hsb zfhD wfhfr 1/75/2, 189ix})

mdrtfv bfmfp ************************ 71

I
jvv
ivv ddppj
Ivvffvv i
tffmm ddI
Ivvpp bbffmmffssppvv nnfft
zk}iv nws `zff- zfjhfv' hst (hcJfvD, mcndtm dmwjfk 959bQ)
1.
zffodIvfr, (zKGf{ zfdm zffrv
dbje [mf iafKGbf jvdY ) 3hfv htsh.
2.

.
yfvB}- zff-mf zffn nftf-mc zdmbXjfn nftf-mc
kfhf-vfjkf qf pft uftf-dt zt jvf-m.
zKG- sr zffr! kcdm wfd (njt de sKsj idh) hQ
skfmfv dbje sKsj wfd. kcdm hvjkmq sr mdrmmq,
mrfbcHh! (mcndtm 1/414, dmwjfk 960, 961bQ)
zk}iv mfm rst jJsbf hf Ffb dlsj, (mcndtm,dmwjfk 945bQ)
jJsbf hf hfm dlsj mcflDslv iadk Ocsv hnshb. (hcJfvD, mcndtm,
dmwjfk 946 bQ) zfv jfjD hf mcflD rst sjhtfmcsJ hsn
dbsmv dpjXv W zpDIfr ifE jvsh }3.

.
yfvB}- tf tfrf ff- zrlf tf wfvDjf tfr, tft
mctjc ztft rfmlc zqf zftf jcd wfdqb jflDv.
zKG}- zffr hAkDk sjfb nkA mfhcl sb, dkdb jj, k]fv

72 ************************ mdrtfv bfmfp

sjfb zQwD sb, k]fv ubA nm vfuk, kf]v nm iawQnf

hQ dkdb nhG dhNsq wdmfb. (hcJfvD, mcndtm, dmwjfk 962bQ)
4.

.
yfvB}- zff-mf tf mf-dbqf dtmf zf'kfkf, ztf
mc'dkqf dtmf mfbf'kf ztf qAfbIf pft ufd dmbjft ufX.
zKG- sr zffr! kcdm pf lfb jv kf svfL jvfv hQ pf svfL
jv kf lfb jvfv nfLA jfsvf sb. zfv Lbhfsbv Lb skfmfv
zfpfh sKsj mcd sisk sjfb ijfsv zfnsh bf. (hcJfvD, mcndtm,
dmwjfk 962 bQ)

5.
.
yfvB}- tf rftf ztf jcWqfkf tf dhf-r.
zKG}- zffrv siavBf lfb YfVf ifi sKsj dIvfv hQ
n{jfu jvfv wd sb.
6.
.
yfvB}- tf tf-rf ff- ztf bf'hclc f qAf-
tfd'mfkc ztft Ifptc ztfn nfbf-t rfnfb, tf tfrf ff- mcJdtnDbf tfDbf ztf jfdvrft jf-dIvb.
zKG}- zffr hAkDk sj nkA ifnA sb. k]fv YfVf zfmvf
zfv jfsvf hflk jdvbf, k]fv pfhkDq nil, k]fv pfhkDq

mdrtfv bfmfp ************************ 73

zbcoar, hQ k]fv pfhkDq nciawQnf, zffr YfVf sjfb nkA
ifnA sb. zfmvf dhwc dys k]fv ifnbf jdv, pdlW
jfsIvlt kf ziYl jsv. (mcndtm, dmwjfk 963bQ)
nchrf-bffr. zKGf{, zfdm zffrv idhkf sOfNBf
jvdY. 33 hfv. zftrfmlc dtf-r. zKGf{, nm
iawQnf zffrv dbdms. 33 hfv. zff- zfjhfv.
zKGf{ zffr nhGmrfb. 33 hfv.
zfv 100 iCvB jvfv ubA isvf 3bQ lczf jhfv
iEbDq. ocdt ifE jvst nmcslav sIbf hvfhv ifi rstW mfI
rsq pfq. (zfrmfl 2/371, mcndtm 1/418, dmwjfk 967bQ)
iajfw sp, knhDr oBbfq hfm rfk hf knhDr mftf hAhrfv bf
jsv sjht Ffb rfk hAhrfv jvf dhsLq. (nrDt ufsm' 4865bQ)
ncvf Jtfn, Iftfj W bfn 1 hfv jsv. (zfhc lfl2/86, nrDr
dkvdmpD 1/8, bfnf 3/68)

7. ))



((.

74 ************************ mdrtfv bfmfp

yfvB}- zff tf tfrf f qft rfqct jfqCm. tf

kf'Jcpc dnbfkc
] ztf bfm. tf mf dInX nfmfWqfdk zmf
dIt zfvpX. mfb pffpD qAfwIf blf f dhpdbr.
qAf'tfmc mf hfbf zflDdrm zmf JftIfm. ztf qcArDkCbf
dhwfdqm dmb tdmrD f dhmf wf-zf. zdnzf jcvdnqcAn
nfmfWqfdk zt zfvpX. ztf qAflc drIpcmf zqft
zftDqcAt zfpDm.
iaskAj bfmfspv iv zfqfk ifE jvst mxkcA YfVf uffk
pfWqfv isK ifEjfvDv ubA zfv sjfb hfLf Kfsj bf. (nrDt
ufsm' 5/339, dntdntfr nrDrfr 972bQ)

zKG}- zffr dkdb hAkDk zbA sjfb (nkA) ifnA sb,

dkdb dyvDh, nh djYcv Lfvj. k]fsj kf W dbf iwG jsv
bf. zfjfw W ixdKhDsk pf djYc zfsY nm k]fv. sj zfsY sp
k]fv zbcmdk YfVf k]fv jfsY ncifdvw jvsh? kfslv nmcsJ W
iyfsk pf djYc zfsY kf dkdb zhok zfsYb. pf dkdb Yf
jsvb kf YfVf k]fv fsbv djYc kfvf zfq jvsk ifsv bf.
k]fv jcvnD zfjfwmtD W ixdKhDsk idvhAf. zfv sndtv
v[Bfsh[B k]fsj jf jsv bf. dkdb ncy, mrfmdrm. (nCvf
hfjfvfr 255 zfqfk)

8.

.
yfvB}- tf tf-rf ff- zrlf tf wfvDjf tf tft

mdrtfv bfmfp ************************ 75

mctjc ztft rfmlc qcArqD z qcAmDkc zqf zftf jcd wfdqb
jflDv.
zKG}- zffr YfVf sj nkA ifnA sb, dkdb jj, k]fv
sjfb wvDj sb. nm vfuk W iawQnf k]fv, dkdb uDdhk
jsvb, dkdb mvB lfb jsvb hQ dkdb nshGfidv wdmfb.
de Iuv W mfodvshv bfmfsp nftfm dIvfv iv lwhfv
iVst lwde sbjD tfH rsh, lwde sofbfr Uvsh, lwde mpGflf
hfVsh, yfvde softfm zfpfl jvfv nWqfh tfH rsh hQ
wqkfb sKsj dbvfisl Kfjsh. (nrDr kfvoDh 262- 263 ix})
9. .
yfvB}- zff-mf D zfnzftcjf tmfb bf-dIz]f
z dvpjfb kfdqh]f z zfmftfm mckfjfftf.
zKG- sr zffr! dbyq zfdm skfmfv dbje Itlfqj dw[f,
rftft uDdhjf hQ oarBspfoA zfmt iafKGbf jvdY.
Iusvv bfmfspv iv de iEbDq. (nmf}1/152, kfhf nfoDv, mfumfp
pfWqfsql10/111)

10.

.
yfvB}- tf tf-rf ff- zrlf tf wfvDjf tf tft
mctjc ztft rfmlc qcArqD z qcAmDkc dhqAfdldrt Jfv zqf
zftf jcd wfdqb jflDv.

76 ************************ mdrtfv bfmfp

zKG}- zffr dH sj nkA mf'hcl sb. dkdb jj, k]fv

sjfb wvDj sb. k]fv ubA nfvf vfuk hQ k]fv dbdms
njt iawQnf. dkdb uDhb lfb jsvb W dkdb mvB slb. k]fv
rfsk njt mt. zfv dkdb nshGfidv [mkfhfb.
de Iusvv bfmfspv iv if Ocdvsq hnfv iCshG 100 hfv
iVst ixdKhDv msLA dlsb sn hAd zdLj m
zfmtjfvD hst oBA rsh. (nrDr kfvoDh 262-263 ix})
viv nHh rst nck zfdl iVsh. (mcndtm 883, dmwjfk
1186bQ) zKhf nck bf Kfjst jfpGfsv omb jvsh. iajfw sp,
nck W bIt bfmfp oxsr iVfef m. (hcJfvD 731, mcndtm
781bQ, zfhc lfl dkvdmpD, bfnf, dmwjfk 1182bQ)

Ivp bfmfspv iv rfk kcst ufmfzfkD smfbfufk dhlXzfk.

zhwA bIt bfmfspv iv jfjD rfk kcst jJsbf jJsbf lczf
jvfq sjfb hfLf sb. ksh bIt bfmfspv isvW rfk kcst
lczf jvfv iamfB sjfb rflDsn sb. ksh rfk kcst lczf jvf
mcfrfh rWqfv dhNsq nfLfvB rflDnnmCsrv iv zfmt jsv,
zHAfnokHfsh uvvD bf sHsh, zffrXv mcJfsi[D rsq jJsbf
jJsbf rfk kcst lczf jvf pfq. (mfuffkct hdnt ntfdmqAfr 17/55,
20/147, 24/70, 92)

bfvD-icvsNv bfmfspv idk j

icvN W mdrtfv bfmfspv idk j iajfv. nckvfQ

mdrtfv bfmfp ************************ 77

mdrtfW vi j kvDjfq bfmfp iVsh, spvi W sp
kvDjfq icvN isV Kfsj. jfvB, (bfvD-icvN Hq ufdkv)
mksj nsfLb jsv vnCt hstsYb, skfmvf snvi
bfmfp iV, spvi zfmfsj iVsk slsJY. (hc}, mc}, dm} 683bQ)
zfv Hsqv bfmfp ixKj rWqfv hAfifsv sjfb ltDtW sb.
nckvfQ sp zfslw wvDqk icvNslvsj jsvsY, sn zfslw
mdrtfslv ubAW hQ sp nfLfvB zfslw mdrtfslvsj jsvsY
kfW icvNslv s[s iftbDq -pdl dhswN rWqfv hAfifsv sjfb
iajfv ltDt bf Kfsj. spmb, pfvf nkD mdrtfslv iv dmKAf
zihfl zfsvfi jsv, zk}iv yfvub nf[D idk jsv bf,
kfslv ubA wfd rt 80 sjfVf---. (jc} 24/4) iv pdl
sj sjfb n{ icvNsj zbcvi zihfl slq, ksh kfv ubAW
j wfd iaspfuA.
nckvfQ mdrtfvfW kfslv bfmfsp icvNslv mk rfk kctsh,
diE tf jsv vjC jvsh, dnulfq ufbc rsk sie W ifsqv
vtfsj lCsv svsJ diE snfuf jsv dnulfr jvsh. kfwfrXslW
snvi hnsh, spvi icvNvf hsn. sm lfvlf (vf}) k]fv
bfmfsp icvsNv mk hnskb. zfv dkdb jub IjDrf
dYstb. (zfkX-kfvDJcn nfoDv, hcJfvD 95ix}, hc}, Ihf} 2/355) zfv mdrtfslv
uVnV rsq dnulfr jvfv hAfifsv sjfb rflDn nrDr bq. (dnp}
2652 bQ) ubA hvfrDm bfJqD (v}) hstb, `bfmfsp mdrtf
vi jvsh, spvi icvN jsv Kfsj.' (zfwf}, dnnfb} 189ix})

78 ************************ mdrtfv bfmfp

i[fsv ltDstv dHdsk bfmfspv djYc hAfifsv mdrtfvf

icvNslv sKsj dHvi zfmt jsv Kfsj. spmb}1. shofbf icvN zfsw-ifsw Kfjst (survD bfmfsp) mdrtf
nws jcvzfb iVsh bf. (mcm} 3/304) spmb sn iCBGf ilGfv nfsK
bfmfp iVsh. kfYfVf jfdjbD rstW kfv sthfsn dhdH
ifKGjA zfsY.
2. mdrtf mdrtfslv mfmdk jvst icvNslv mk nfmsb bf
l]fdVsq jfkfsvv mfsU l]fVfsh.
mdrtf mdrtf bfmfpDslv mfmdk jvsk ifsv. sm zvfjfr
dhb bfWIft (vf}) mrfbhD -v dbslGwmsk k]fv idvhfsvv
mdrtfslv mfmdk jvskb. (zflf} 591-592bQ)
zhwA s[s mdrtf mfm mdrtfslv jfkfv sYsV icvsNv
mk nfmsb jfdjbD l]fVfsh bf. hvQ jfkfsvv mLAJfsb l]fdVsq
mfmdk jvsh. (zfvf}, mcrff 3/171-173) zfswifsw shofbf icvN
bf Kfjst nws kjhDv W djvfzfk iVsh. (mh} 30/113)
iank} sJA sp, sjfb icvN sjht mdrtf ufmfzfskv
mfmdk jvsk ifsv. ksh wkG rt, mdrtf spb ofbf rq,
bsy{ shofbf rst` spb jf bf rq, idviCBG ilGfv nfsK jfdLj
Kfsj hQ sjfb iajfv dIkbfv Hq bf Kfsj zKhf kfv ns
spb sjfb ofbf mdrtf hf zbA icvN Kfsj. (mcm} 4/352)
jlf jfvD nfrfhD rpvk hf dhb jf'h zffrv vnCt
-v jfsY zfvu jvstb, `sr zffrv vnCt! okvfs zfdm

mdrtfv bfmfp ************************ 79

jde (zfHfdhj) jfu jsvdY.' dkdb htstb, snef dj?
hf htstb, `djYc mdrtf zfmfv Osv umf rsq htt, zfidb
(Hfstf W shwD) jcvzfb iVsk ifsvb, zfmvf ifdv bf. zkh
zfidb zfu zfmfslv mfmdk jsvb. kfslv zbcsvfsL
zfdm kfslvsj dbsq 8 vfjzfk hQ dhkv isVdY.' jKf
sb mrfbhD yci Kfjstb. zKGf{ k]fv bDvh Kfjf
hAfifsv k]fv smZbnmdk rsq sot. (kfh}, zfqf})
i[fsv icvsNv ubA mdrtfv mfmdk ShL W bq.
mrfbhD hstb, sn ufdk sjfb dlb nIt rsh bf, sp ufdk
kfslv jmGHfv jub mdrtfsj nmiGB jvsh. (hc}, dk}, hf})
htf hftA, mdrtf pk hV spfoA srfj, mcflD dbsuv sYst
srfj zKhf zbA sj srfj, fmD ufsrt hQ D jcvzfsbv
rfsIp srfj khcW sjfb s[s mdrtf icvsNv mfmdk jvsk
ifsv bf. de icvsNv jde k ShdwA. (I} 1/382)
3. mfsmv Hct Ldvsq slWqfv sswA mdrtf icvsNv mk
`nchrf-bffr' bf hst rfkkfdt slsh.
bfmfpD bfmfsp vk zfsY jKf ufbfsk zKhf mfm bfmfsp
djYc Hct jvst kfv iv k]fsj nkjG jvsk icvNslv ubA
`nchrf-bffr' htf hQ mdrtfslv ubA rfkkfdt slWqf
dhsLq.
diaq vnCt hstb, skfmfslv bfmfspv msLA (zfHfdhj)
djYc Ose sost icvsNvf spb `knhDr' isV hQ mdrtfvf spb

80 ************************ mdrtfv bfmfp

rfkkfdt slq. (hc} 684, mc}, zf}, zflf}, bf}, dm} 988 bQ)
bfvD mb j nxd, pfv vi, snZvH W ws icvsNv mb
iajxdkokHfsh ydjk rsq WsE. Ist, pfsk bfmfspv nmq
kfslv smfrbDq jsv icvNvf nQjse bf isV kfv ubA
wvDqskv dhLfb. i[fsv wqkfb mfbcsNv dwvfq dwvfq
dIsv shVfq. (hc} 3281, mc} 2175 bQ) hQ icvNslv ubA bfvD rt
nhsysq hV dIkbfv dudbn. (hc} 5096, mc} 2740 bQ)
Jfb sKsj hcUf pfq sp, mdrtfslv ixKj ufmfzfk rst hQ
snJfsb sjfb shofbf icvN bf Kfjst rfkkfdt bf dlsq knhDr
isV mdrtfvf (mdrtf) mfmsj nkjG jvsk ifsv. jfvB,
knhDr rt bfmfspv j zQw. (mcm} 3/362-363)
mcflDslv msLAW sj djYc Hct jvst, (spmb dnulfq hf
ShEsj Ocdmsq iVst) kfsjW nkjG jvfv ubA knhDr hAhrfv
ytsh. ( 3/367-368)
4. mdrtf mfKfv yct sh]sL bfmfp iVsk ifsv, dj (tf yct
rst) icvN kf ifsv bf.
nh hAfifsv ltDtnr dhfdvk zfstfybf pKffsb hA.
zsbj mdrtf zfsY, pfvf mndusl hf hfdVsk icvNslv bfmfp
iVf bf rst bfmfp isV bf. ef Hct. zfpfb rst hf bfmfspv
nmq rst zfWqft zs bfmfp iVf mdrtfvW jkGhA. (mckfnf
188-189ix})

mdrtfv bfmfp ************************ 81

bfmfp jfsqm rsh djHfsh?

1. mb efeX-dIeX sthfn isv bfmfp iVshb bf, pfsk hnfWEf jjv rq.
2. shilGf mdrtfvf pJb ofsq-mfKfq jfiV hf yflv dbsq bfmfp
isV, kJb fHfdhjHfsh kfslvsj ovm tfso. sk bfmfsp
mb hsn bf hQ pk kfVfkfdV swN jsv yflv Jctsk ifq sn
syf jsv. nckvfQ bfmfpD rWqfv nfsK nfsK zfidb ilGfbwDb
mdrtf rsk syf jvb. spmb Wpc jvfv iv `smj-zfi' jvst
pfsk bfmfspv zfso Wpc sHs dosq icbvfq Wpcsk kf b rsq
bf pfq, kfv ubA kfVfkfdV bfmfp swN jvf hQ mfKfv yct
sh]sL hf ycst Ict ]su bfmfp iVsk iVsk ycstv W Icstv
ifdvifeA b rWqfv zfwfq hfvhfv WVbfv iadk sJqft
jvfW bfmfsp zmsbfspfdokfv ltDt.
3. ivsb mb WVbf, jfiV, wft, yflv, hf wfdV rsk rsh,
spb bfmfspv zhfq kf hfvhfv isV bf pfq. bsy{, snfuf
jvsk jvsk bfmfp swN rsh zKy bfmfsp mb Kfjfv idvhskG
mb Kfjsh jfiV iVfv dlsj. i[fsv pdl mdrtfslv mfKf,
hcj, sie zKhf rfk hf ifsqv vtf sKsj jfiV nsv pfq,
kfrst skf mCst bfmfp b rsq pfsh. nckvfQ dhswN jsv
mdrtfslv ubA dhNsq nkjGkf uvvD.
4. sjfb tesj vfJf jfu h jsv - spmb ycstfv iv r]fdV
svsJ bfmfp iVshb bf. jfvB, zhfq bfmfsp mb bf sKsj

82 ************************ mdrtfv bfmfp

mb isV Kfjsh ycstfv r]fdVv isv. ifsY se bf pfq hf

icsV bf pfq, kAfdl.
5. nHh rst mb fsb bfmfp iVcb, spJfsb Jch ovm
zfibfsj zdk jvsh bf hQ Jch wDkW zfibfsj jfkv jsv
sItsh bf. zbcvi sp fsb Sr-sfV, sy]yfsmdy hf softmftosofstv Ist zfibfv bfmfsp jfoakfv hAfOfk Ose, sn
fsb bfmfp iVshb bf. (dhfdvk slJcb } nftfsk mchfwXdwv)

bfmfsp pf ShL
sYst j]flst iasqfusb kfsj sjfst dbsq bfmfp iVf pfq.
bhD mchfwXdwv mfmdk jvskb, zfv zfhct zfsnv
dwwcjbAf k]fv j]fsL Kfjk. zk}iv pJb dkdb vjC jvskb,
kJb kfsj dbsy bfdmsq dlskb. icbvfq pJb dnulfr sKsj
Eskb, kJb zfhfv j]fsL kcst dbskb. (hc}, mc} dm} 984 bQ)
dwwcslv UoVf Kfmfsbf pfq.
jlf hfbD mcfdtshv lc'de sYf smsq mfvfmfdv jvsk jvsk
mrfbhD v nfmsb sn k]fv r]fec Lsv sItt. dkdb bfmfp
iVdYstb. sn zhfq dkdb Hqsj lc'dlsj ndvsq dlstb.
(zflf} 716, 717, nbf} 727 bQ)

bfmfp pfsk hfdkt rq

mb h jmG zfsY, pf bfmfspv dHksv jvst bfmfp hfdkt

mdrtfv bfmfp ************************ 83

rsq pfq. sn nh jsmGv djYc dbmvi}1. ziasqfusb bfmfspv dHkv k shwD bVf-nvf
hf ytf-sIvf jvf pfsk zbA sj slJst msb jsv sp,
sn bfmfp isV db. (mcm} 3/352-353) jfvB, jKf htfv mk
bfmfspv hdrHGk
C zbAfbA jmG jvst bfmfp hfdkt rsq pfq.
mrfb zffr hstb, --- zfv skfmvf zffrv nfmsb
dhbDkHfsh l]fVfW. (jc} 2/238)
2. bfmfspv sjfb vjXb hf wkG kAfo jvf}LDv-dvHfsh bfmfp bf iVfv jfvsB mrfbhD bfmfp
HctjfvD nfrfhfsj dkb-dkbhfv dIdvsq bfmfp iVsk zfslw
jsvdYstb. (hc}, mc}, iamcJ, dm} 790 bQ) jfvB, LDv-dv W wfHfsh
bfmfp iVf bfmfspv j vjXb W Ivp. pf kAfo jvfv iv n
dnulfr jvstW nQswfLb rq bf.
zbcvi nCvf Ifdkrf, vjC, sjfb dnulfr, nftfm hf zbA sjfb
vjXb kAfo jvst bfmfp rq bf. zhwA iasqfusbv yfsi djYc
zhf hAdkmW zfsY, pfsk lc-jde vjXb (spmb djqfm,
nCvf Ifdkrf) hfl sostW bfmfp rsq pfq. sn jKf pKffsb
zfstfdyk rsh bwfzffr.
diaq bhD hstb, sp hAd bfifj rsq pfq, sn hAd
icbvfq WpC bf jvf ipG kfv bfmfp jhct rq bf. (hc}, mc}, dm}
300bQ) idhkf dhbf bfmfp jhct rq bf. (mc}, dm} 301bQ)
nckvfQ bfmfp iVsk iVsk jfsvf Wpc sHs sost kfv bfmfp

84 ************************ mdrtfv bfmfp

hfdkt. bfmfp kAfo jsv icbvfq WpC jsv sn bkcbHfsh bfmfp

iVsk rsh. (zflf}, rf}, dm} 1007 bQ)
zhwA WpC Hffv dbYj nslsrv jfvsB bfmfp hfdkt rq bf.
dbdykvsi WpC b rWqfv jKf bf ufbf sost bfmfp wc rsq
pfsh. diaq vnCt hstb, (bfmfsp rfWqf shv rWqfv nslr
rst) w bf swfbf zKhf lcoG bf ifWqf ipG sj spb bfmfp
kAfo bf jsv. (hc} 137bQ, mc}, zflf}, mf}, bf})
bfmfp iVsk iVsk wvmofr shv rsq iVst, mdrtfslv sie,
diE, rfskv hfuc, yct kAfdl iajfw rsq iVst (kf sjfb shofbf
icvN slJsk ifjX zKhf bf ifjX) bfmfp hfdkt rsq pfq.
bfmfp iVsk Kfjf jfst jfisV hDpG (islfsNv) dyr zKhf
(mdrtf) mfdnsjv lfo slJst bfmfp kAfo jvf uvvD.
bfmfp zhfq slr hf sthfsnv sjfb fsb bfifjD stso
Kfjsk buv iVst pdl kf nkv lCv jvf nHh rq, kfrst
kf lCv jsv bfmfp rsq pfsh. spmb zdkdv sthfsn; zKGf{
eciD, vmft, ofmYf hf ifoVD zKhf uckfq bfifjD slJst hQ
nkv kf Jcst sIst dlst bfmfp wc.
jlf bfmfp iVsk iVsk duhvDt mfvI{ mrfbhD
k]fv uckfq bfifjD stso Kfjfv nQhfl sist dkdb kf Jcst
sIst bfmfp ni jsvdYstb. (zflf}, lf}, dm} 766 bQ)
nkv sJftf nHh bf rst zKhf iCBG sthfn idvhkGb jvf
lvjfv rst bfmfp kAfo jsv idh sthfn isv icbvfq bfmfp

mdrtfv bfmfp ************************ 85

iVsk rsh. (I} 1/289)
jfsvf bfmfp iVfv iv pdl msb isV sp sn dhbf WpCsk bfmfp
isVsY, zKhf jfisV (dbsuv) hDpG (islfN) hf (mdrtf)
mfdnsjv dyr slsJ, kfrst bfmfp wc rq db. pKf dbqsm idh
rWqfv iv sn bfmfp icbvfq iVsk rsh. jfvB, slr bfifj
svsJ bfmfp rq bf.
i[fsv bfmfp iVfv iv pdl slsJ, jfisV ianafh, ifqJfbf
hf zbA sjfb bfifjD stso zfsY; zKGf{ sn kf dbsq bfmfp
isVsY, kfrst bf ufbfv jfvsB kfv bfmfp wc rsq pfsh. zfv
dIdvsq iVsk rsh bf. jfvB, hfsvv jfisV (zbcvi sjfb
zs) bfifjD stso KfjstW kfv slr zfnst ifj dYt. (I}
1/198, 298)

4. susbwcsb Yfjxk jKf htf}5. ifbfrfv jvf}6. rfnf}rfnstW zbcvi jfvsB bfmfp hfdkt idvodBk rq. (dInc} 1/240,
dInc} lGc 130ix}) zhwA sjfb rfnAjv dudbn slsJ zKhf rfnAjv jKf
wcsb rfdn sysi vfJsk bf sisv pdl sj mcydj rfdn (w bf
jsv) srsn sIst, kfrst kfv bfmfp hfdkt rsh bf.
iajfw Kfsj sp, bfmfpDsj rfnfhfv syf jvf kKf kfv bfmfp
b jvfv jfu wqkfsbv. sjfb mcndtm mfbcsNv jfu rWqf
dyk bq.

86 ************************ mdrtfv bfmfp

jfv bfmfp jhct bq?

djYc bfmfpD zfsY, pfvf bfmfp skf isV; dj kfslv bfmfp
zffr vct zftfmDsbv lvhfsv jhct W oxrDk rq bf. bfmfpD
zKhf bfmfspv zhf slsJ mrfb zffr n rb bf. mb
jkjdt bfmfpD dbmvi}1. itfkj Dklfn}2. mb D, pfv fmD kfv iv vfo jsv zfsY. D fmDsj
nhGlf sJfw vfJsh, kfv (Hfstf jKf W jfsu) zfbcokA jvsh,
kfv nh jKf smsb ytsh, spZbncJ dlsq kfsj nhGlf kx vfJsh,
sjfb dhNsq vfo rst kf nkv dmdesq sbWqfv syf jsv nh
djYcsk kfsj n vfJsh -ef rt Dv LmG. mrfbhD
hstb, skfmfslv (sn) DvfW uffkD rsh, sp D zdLj
iaBdqBD, nfblfD, hfvhfv Hct jsv hfvhfv fmDv dbje
zfknmiGBjfdvBD, pfv fmD vfo jvst sn kfv dbje sn kfv
rfsk rfk svsJ hst, zfidb vfuD (Eff) bf rWqf ipG zfdm
Ocmfh bf. (dnn} 287 bQ)
dj mb h mdrtf zfsY, pfvf kfslv fmDv sJsq-isvW mb
vfo-svfNsj isvfqf jsv bf. bfvD-fLDbkfv i[ifdkbD fmDv
nQnfsvW ivm fLDbkf-ncJ sHfo jvsk dosq fmDsj bfvfu vfsJ.
Ist dhwfmDW bfvfu rb hQ sn Dv wpAfnD fmDsj sJfw
jvfv zfso bfmfp iVstW sn bfmfsp dkdb sJfw rb bf. jfvB,

mdrtfv bfmfp ************************ 87

`jCjct hfl' zflfq bf jvf ipG mrfb zffr hflfv kfWhfsk
n rb bf. pfv iadk zbAfq jvf rq, kfv dbje zfso [mf sist
ksh mrfb zffr [mf jsvb. bsy{ bf.
3. mb stfj sp jfsvf dhbf zbcmdk W zfslsw
jfsvf ufbfpf iVfq (mfmdk jsv).
mrfbhD hstb, dkb hAdv bfmfp kfslv jfb zdkm
jsv bf; itfkj Dklfn, pk[B bf sn dIsv snsY, mb D
pfv fmD kfv iv vfofdhk zhfq vfdpfib jsvsY,
(pk[B bf sn vfuD rsqsY), (zKhf sp D kfv fmDv
zhfLAfyfvB jsvsY, sn kfv hfLAf bf rWqf ipG) hQ sn
nialfsqv mfm, pfsj stfsj ziYl jsv. (dk}, kfhf, rf}, dnn}
288, 650bQ)

4. mb stfj, sp sjfb oBsjv jfsY HfoA W

HdhNAk ufbfv zfwfq oBjsj `tXsm ofqshv
mfdtj' msb jsv rfk slJfq.
mrfbhD hstb, sp hAd sjfb oBsjv dbje idk rsq
sjfb (HCk-HdhNA{ hf ofqhD) dhNq nisjG dufnf jsv, sn
hAdv 40 dlsbv bfmfp jhct rq bf. (mcndtm 2230bQ)
mrfbhD hstb, sp hAd sjfb oBj hf suAfdkNDv dbje
idk rsq sn pf hst kf nkA msb (dhhfn) jvt, sn hAd
mcrfml v iv zhkDBG (jcvzfsbv) iadk jcIvD jvt.
(zfrml, rfsjm, nrDt ufsm' 5939bQ)

88 ************************ mdrtfv bfmfp

5. wfvfhD, mlAifqD}mrfbhD hstb, zfmfv mskv sp hAd ml ifb jvsh,

zffr kfv 40 dlb bfmfp jhct jvshb bf. (bf}, nuf} 7717 bQ)
6. mb bfmfpD, sp bfmfp isV dj bfmfp ycdv
jsv. lfq nfvf jsv isV. dEjmk vjC-dnulfr jsv bf.
vjCsk dv rq bf, dnulfq dv Kfsj bf. sjfmv h]fjfsbf mf
kcst sbq. `nc-nc-nc' jsv lczf isV yeXieX sE pfq! jfsvf
sjfmv dEjmk h]fsj bf. mfKf ]yc jsv vjC jsv. jfsvf
dnulfv nmq bfj mcnffq iwG jsv bf. jfsvf if lc'de iv
dlsj iffq rff rWqfv mk sE pfq. sj vjC W dnulfv
mfsU dv rsq l]fVfq bf. rfI l]fdVsq dnulfq pfq.
mrfbhD hstb, sr mcndtm lt! sn hAdv bfmfp rq bf,
sp hAd vjC W dnulfsk dbu diE snfuf jsv bf. (zf}, mf},
Jc}, dr}, nkf} 524 bQ)

zffr sn hflfv bfmfspv dlsj kfdjsqW slsJb bf, sp

vjC W dnulfv mfsU dbu diEsj snfuf jsv (l]fVfq) bf. (zf}
4/22, kfhf, nkf} 525, dnn} 2536 bQ)

mfbcN 60 hYv Lsv bfmfp isV, zKy kfv jde bfmfpW

jhct rq bf! jfvB, rqskf hf sn vjC iCBGvsi jsv, dj
dnulfr iCBGvsi jsv bf. zKhf dnulfr iCBGvsi jsv, dj
vjC dEjmk jsv bf. (zfnhfrfbD, dnn} 2535 bQ)
bfmfp 3 Hfso dhH; j kxkDqfQw idhkf, j

mdrtfv bfmfp ************************ 89

kxkDqfQw vjC hQ zfv j kxkDqfQw rt dnulfr. nckvfQ sp
hAd kf pKfKGvsi zflfq jvsh, kfv dbje sKsj kf jhct
jvf rsh hQ kfv zbAfbA nm zfmtW jhct jvf rsh. zfv
pfv bfmfp v jvf rsh, kfv zbA njt zfmtsj vX jsv
slWqf rsh. (hfppfv, dnn} 2537 bQ)
7. zfpfb wcsbW sp bfmfpD dhbf Wusv mnduslv
ufmfzfsk bfmfp isV bf}8. mb mdrtf, sp zfkv hf sne smsJ mnduslv
ubA shv rq}mb mdrtf pk[B ipG bf bfifjDv sofnt jvfv mk
sofnt jsvsY kk[B ipG kfv bfmfp jhct rsh bf. (mf}, nuf}
2703 bQ)

9. dikfmfkfv zhfLA nfb.

10. lfb jsv sp lfsbv jKfq ohGHsv iayfv jsv
shVfq.
11. kjlDv zDjfvjfvD hAd. (kfhf, nuf} 3065 bQ)
12. isvv hfisj sp dbsuv hfi hst lfhD jsv.
(hc}, mc})

13. sp hAd sjfb mcndtmsj rkAf jsv hQ

kfsk sn ohGshfL jsv W JcwD rq. (hf} 8/21, nuf} 6454 bQ)
14. Jcsbv hlst Jcsbv hltf dbsk sp hAd
(wfnbjkxGi[sj) hfLf slq. (zflf}, bf}, nuf} 6451 bQ)
15. sp hAd mlDbfq sjfb dhlzfk jfu jsv

90 ************************ mdrtfv bfmfp

zKhf sjfb dhlzfkDsj zfwaq slq. zKhf sjfb

lcjmG jsv hf lcjxkDsj zfwaq slq.
16. sp hAd mcndtmslv ndrk dhwfnOfkjkf
jsv. (hc}, mc} 1370 bQ)
ipGc hAdhsoGv sjfb Ivp-bIt bfmfp W hflk
(zKhf kWhf W mcdiB djqfmsk) jhct jvf rsh bf.

a B
ufmfzfsk mdrtfslv zQw or
(slv bfmfp YfVf zbA bfmfspv ubA) mdrtfslv mnduslv
ufmfzfsk wfdmt rWqfv yfsk oxsr; hvQ oxsrv msLA
nhsysq shwD zlv mrst bfmfp iVf rt m. mrfbhD
hstb, mdrtfslv nhsysq swa mndul kfv oxsrv dHksvv
j[. (zf}, rf} 1/209, hf}, nuf} 3327bQ)
dkdb hstb, mdrtf oxsr sKsj kfv vshv zdLj dbjehkGD
Kfsj. (Jc}, dr}, kfh}, nkf} 339, 341bQ)
hsb mfnl hstb, mdrtf kfv Osv sKsj vshv hflk
jvfv mk hflk zfv zbA sjfKfW jvsk ifsv bf. (kfh}, nkf}
342bQ)

dkdb mdrtfslvsj nsfLb jsv hstb, skfmfslv Jfn

js[v bfmfp nfLfvB js[ bfmfp zsi[f m, skfmfslv
nfLfvB js[v bfmfp hfdVv dHksv sjfb ufqofq bfmfp

mdrtfv bfmfp ************************ 91

zsi[f m hQ skfmfslv hfdVv dHksvv bfmfp mndusl
ufmfzfsk bfmfp zsi[f m. (zf}, kfh, hf}, nuf} 3844bQ)
sJA sp, nfrfdhqf sm mfl rflDn swfbfv iv
sKsj mxkcA ipG dkdb k]fv hfdVv nh yfsk zdLj zlv W
zjfv jfmvfsk bfmfp isVsYb.
mrfbhD hstb, mdrtf rt sofibDq dudbn. hfsv shv
rst wqkfb kfv dlsj oHDv lxdsk dbdbGsmN kfdjsq slJsk
Kfsj. (kfh, dr}, Jc}, nkf} 339, 341, 342bQ)
skf htDn dusbv jKf. i[fsv hkGmfb pcsov DbrDb
pchjlt; pfvf mdrtfv ubA rfufv wqkfb zsi[f shwD
[dkjv, kfslv stftci lxd sKsj sofisb Kfjf bfvDv jf
jkGhA.
ksh pdl sn jf mnduslv ufmfzfsk wvDj rsq bfmfp
iVsk yfq, kfrst kfsk zbcmdk zfsY. zhwA v ubA
jsqjde wkG zfsY }
1. mnduslv isK spb (tieslv) sjfb zH dIkbfv
zfwf bf Kfsj.
2. mdrtf spb nflfdnLfHfsh ilGfv nfsK zfsn. zKGf{,
snsusu ianfLb-sneX tfdosq bf zfsn. mb ztfv
isv bf zfsn pfsk sjfb iajfv hfubf nxd rq. (bfmfpDv
sthfn hA.)
3. sk spb kfv fmDv zbcmdk Kfsj.

92 ************************ mdrtfv bfmfp

fmDv ubAW dyk, pdl kfv D mndusl spsk zbcmdk yfq,

kfrst kfsj hfLf bf slWqf. nfrfhfslv mdrtfoB mndusl dosq
ufmfzfsk bfmfp zflfq jvskb. rpvk zfsqwf (vf}) hstb,
`mcdmb mdrtfvf zffrv vnCt -v nfsK Iusvv bfmfp
iVfv ubA slsr yflv udVsq rfdpv rk. zk}iv bfmfp swN
rst kfvf dbu dbu hfnfq dIsv spk, zfhYf zjfsv
kfslvsj sj dybsk ifvk bf.' (hc} 578,mc}, zflf} 423, dk} 153,
bf}, mf} 669bQ)

iv sk mnduslv lnG kAfdlsk zQwoarB jvfv

ijfdvkfW vsqsY.
mrfbhD hstb, pdl skfmfslv Dvf skfmfslv jfsY vfs
mndusl zfnfv zbcmdk yfq, kfrst skfmvf kfslvsj zbcmdk
dlsq lfW. (hc}, mc},zflf}, dk}, bf})
zffrv hflDslvsj mndusl zfnsk hfvB jsvf bf, pdlW
kfslv Ov kfslv ubA Hfstf. (zf}, zflf} 567, rf}, nuf} 7458bQ)
zffrv hflDslvsj mndusl zfnsk hfvB jsvf bf, ksh
kfvf spb sJfwhC hAhrfv bf jsv nflfdnLfHfsh zfsn. (zf},
zflf}, nuf} 7457bQ)

jlf zfcfr dhb mfv htstb, zfdm zffrv vnCt

-sj htsk sbdY, dkdb hstsYb, skfmfslv mdrtfvf pdl
mndusl spsk zbcmdk yfq, kfrst kfslvsj hfLf dlW bf.
rflDn swfbfv iv k]fv sYst dhtft htstb, `zffrv jnm!

mdrtfv bfmfp ************************ 93

zfmvf Wslvsj hfLf slh.' jKf sb zfcfr kfv mcsJfmcdJ
rsq mb ofdt dlstb, spmbde zfv sjfbdlb swfbf pfqdb.
zk}iv dkdb htstb, `zfdm skfsj zffrv vnCt sKsj
Jhv dldY. zfv kc hdtnX, `zffrv jnm! zfmvf Wslvsj
hfLf slh.' (mc} 442bQ)
zhwA nkAis[ dIkbf, buvhfdu hf bdIdv zfwf
Kfjst zKhf mdrtf snsusu shilGfq djQhf sneX hAhrfv
jsv spsk yfst zdHHfhj hf fmD kfsj zbcmdk slsh bf.
zbcviHfsh sp mdrtfvf ufmfzfsk rfdpv rsh, kfslv ubA
uvvD sp, kfvf icvNslv mfsmv nftfm sIvf mf sE
hfdV vWbf slsh. pfsk icvNslv nfsK mnduslv lvufq hf isK
sjfb iajfv slJf-nf[f{ bf rq. rpvk sm nftfmfr hstb,
`zffrv vnCt -v pcso mdrtfvf pJb Ivp bfmfspv nftfm
dIvk, kJb kfvf sE yst spk. zfv vnCt hQ k]fv nfsK
zbAfbA bfmfpDvf djYc[B zsi[f jvskb. zk}iv zffrv
vnCt sE sost icvNvf sE spk.' (hc} 866, 870bQ)
zhwA mdrtfslv ilGfpc ixKj mcnff W ixKj lvuf rst
nftfm sIvfmf nkv sE pfWqf uvvD bq. (zfdb} 1/287)
iajfw sp, mdrtf ns kfv sYfe dwsjW mndusl zfbsk
ifsv. ksh zhwA sJqft vfJsk rsh, pfsk mnduslv sjfb
dudbn, jcvzfb, idhkf zfdl b hQ bfmfpDslv sjfb iajfv
dFfhG bf jsv.

94 ************************ mdrtfv bfmfp

mcflD jub mdrtf rst (sn dbsuv D rstW) mfm

(fmDv) ifwfifdw hvfhv bf l]fdVsq kfv diYsb l]fVfsh. (zflfhcp
dpIfI, zfthfbD 96ix} })

mcflD lc hf kskfdLj icvN rst hQ jub mdrtf rst,

mfsmv diYsb icvNvf jfkfv h]fLsh hQ mdrtf nhswsN jf
l]fVfsh.
jlf rpvk zfbfn -v Osv zffrv vnCt mfmdk
jsvb. zfbfn W k]fv Osvv j kDm l]fVfb bhD -v
disY hQ k]fv zfmf l]fVfb k]fslv disY (jf). (hc}, mc}, dm}
1108-1109bQ)

mcflD jub dw W jub hf jfdLj icvN rst dwW

icvNslv jfkfsv wfdmt rsq l]fVfsh.
mcflD lc hf lcsqv zdLj icvN, dw W mdrtf rst, mfsmv
diYsb icvNvf, zk}iv dwvf hQ nhswsN mdrtfvf jfkfv
h]fLsh.
mrfbhD hstb, icvNslv swa jfkfv rt iaKm jfkfv
hQ dbjx jfkfv rt nhGswN jfkfv. zfv mdrtfslv swa
jfkfv rt nhGswN jfkfv hQ dbjx jfkfv rt iaKm
jfkfv. (mc}, zf}, nczf}, dm} 1092bQ)
iajfw Kfsj sp, dw sYstslv ixKj jfkfv jvfv sjfb nrDr
ltDt sb. kf dw sYstvfW icvNslv ns jfkfv jvsk
ifsv. (kfdm} 284ix})

mdrtfv bfmfp ************************ 95

ntfsm vmBDv mfb W

bfvD-dw[fv vk

ntfsmv iCshG ufsrtD pcso smsqslv sjfb jlv dYt bf, kfslv skmb
sjfb zdLjfv dYt bf, mDvfsn kfslv sjfb zQw dYt bf. sn pcso
dwjbAfsj uDh jhv slWqf rskf. Osv smsq um dbst Ov-Wqftf
tfshfL jvk. stfsjv nfmsb mcJ slJfsk jcfshfL jvk. wvsm msb
rskf spb sn mfdev ktfq kdtsq pfq. lc}sJ, vfso W s[fsH syrfvf jfstf
rsq spk!
ntfm t hQ vmBDv mfb dIdvsq dlt. bfvDsj pKfKG nmfb ialwGb
jvt. pk hV mrficvN srfj, kfv umlfD rt jub bfvD, zfv sn
rt k]fv mf. sn mfsqv ifsqv ktfq k]fv shsr dbLGfdvk jvf rt.
lcdbqfsk mb sjfb mrficvN sb, pfv diYsb sjfb bfvDv jxdkk sb. bfvD
rt icvsNv nsrflvf. bfvDv pKfKG W bAfq nQok zdLjfv zfsY ntfsm.
ixdKhDv ncsJv nQnfv lAfsb bfvD rt ncswfdHk icimftfv snZlpG W snZvH.
ytmfb nQnfv ofdVv lc yfjfv jde yfjf rt bfvD. zfstfmq t
ixdKhDv zfstf lfsb lcde ShlcAdkj kfsvv jde rt bfvD.
dhsw pf djYc mrfb nxd dyv jtAfBjv,
zsLGj kfv jdvqfsY bfvD, zsLGj kfv bv.
dhsw pf djYc t ifi-kfi shlbf zwahfdv,
zsLGj kfv zfdbqfsY bv, zsLGj kfv bfvD.- uosk pk IcdeqfsY Ict, IdtqfsY pk It,
bfvD dlt kfsr vi-vn-mLc-o ncdbmGt.-sjfsbf jfst jf rq db sjf uqD icvsNv kvhfvD,
siavBf dlqfsY, wd dlqfsY dhuq-t[D bfvD.

96 ************************ mdrtfv bfmfp

bfvDv jlv jsvsY ntfm. bfvDv mpGflf dbsq zhkDBG rsqsY jcvzfb.
iCBG jcvzfsbv 114de nCvfv msLA jde nCvfv bfm rt `dbnf'
(vmBDoB). zfsvf jde nCvfv bfmjvB rsqsY bfvDv bfm fvf, pfsj nCvf
mfvqAfm htf rq. bfvDsj sj jsv zhkDBG rsqsY nCvf mcuflftfr,
mcmkfdrbfr, kftfj, kfrvDm iaHxdk. nfk zfnmfsbv iv sKsj JfWtf
bfmj mdrtfv hflfbchfl W Idvqfl sb mrfb zffr k]fv wfsb nCvf
zhkDBG jsvsYb.
ntfmD dkrfsn mdrtfv bfm BGf[sv dtdih rsqsY. jk bfvD
dYstb IjDrf, mcrfdnfr, zfstmfr, zfshlfr, jdh W stdJjf. sj bf
ufsb dhdh zfdnqf W mdvqsmv jKf? sj bf mfsb mf JflDuf, zfsqwf W
zbAfbA mdrqnDslv jxdkk?
jde bfvD rt icvsNv shfb, icvsNv jbAf. bfvDsj zffr icvsNv ubA
wfdlfD jsv nxd jsvsYb. bfvDv nxd-Shdys zffrv dblwGb vsqsY.
mrfb zffr hstb, kf]v dblwGbfhtDv msLA zfv jde dblwGb sp,
dkdb skfmfslv mLA rsk skfmfslv ndbDslvsj nxd jsvsYb; pfsk
skfmvf Wslv dbje wfd ifW hQ skfmfslv msLA ifvidvj Hfstfhfnf
W snr nxd jsvsYb. dyfwDt nilfsqv ubA sk zhwA dblwGb
vsqsY. (jc} 30/21)
bfvDv iadk pk dbsk ntfm icvNsj zfslw W c jsv. dwjbAfsj
iadkiftb jvfv dhvfe nWqfh sOfNBf jsv.
mrfbhD hstb, sp hAd lcde zKhf dkbde jbAf, djQhf lcde zKhf
dkbde shfb kfslv mxkcA zKhf dhhfr, zKhf nfhfdtjf rWqf ipG, djQhf
hAdv mxkcA ipG pKfKG iadkiftb jsv, sn hAd zfv zfdm (ivjfst)
kuGbD W mLAmf zcdtsqv mk ifwfifdw zhfb jvh. (zfrmfl
3/147-148, hsb drfb 2045 bQ, dntdntfr nrDrfr 296 bQ)

mdrtfv bfmfp ************************ 97

mf zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, zfmfv dbje jde mdrtf kfv lcde jbAfsj ns
jsv dH[f jvsk (oxsr) iashw jvt. dj sn zfmfv dbje sJucv YfVf
zfv djYc sit bf. zfdm sJucvde kfsj dlst sn sndesj lc Js Hfo jsv
kfv lc'de smsqsj sJsk dlt. zfv dbsu kf rsk djYcW sJt bf! zk}iv
sn sE shv rsq sot. kfviv bhD zfmfslv dbje st zfdm jKf
k]fsj ufbftfm. Oebf sb dkdb htstb, sp hAd jfdLj jbAf
dbsq nefi rsh, zk}iv sn kfslv iadk pKfKG nAhrfv jvsh, sn
hAdv ubA jbAfvf ufrffm sKsj zvft (ilGf) vi rsh. (hcJfvD
1418 bQ, mcndtm 2629 bQ)

ufsrtD pcsov mk zfuW zsbj mfbcsNv jfsY jbAfnfb zhsrdtkf,

hdkf W zhfdkf. spsrkc bfvD qQniCBG bq; hvQ zdLjfQw nmsq sn
sjfb bf sjfb icvsNv mcJfsid[BD, snsrkc ntfm iaskAj mcndtmsj kfv
iadk ncbuv dlsk dhswNHfsh c jsvsY. zfv kfv iadk pk sbWqfsk
hxr{ iadklfb ifWqfv iadkwadk dlsqsY.
ntfm bfvDv iadk nlq W mtjfmD rsk icvNsj zfslw jsvsY.
mrfb zffr hstb, zfv kfslv (zKGf{ Dslv) ndrk nfsh uDhbpfib jv. skfmvf pdl kfslvsj OxBf jv ksh mbW rsk ifsv sp,
skfmvf pf OxBf jvY, zffr kfv msLA iaHCk jtAfB dbdrk svsJsYb.
(nCvf dbnf19 zfqfk)

mrfbhD hstb, sjfb mc'dmb icvN spb sjfb mc'dmb Dsj OxBf bf
hfsn. jfvB sn kfv jef ocB ziYl jvstW ziv zfv jef ocsB mc
rsh. (mcndtm, dmwjfk 3240bQ)
dkdb hstb, sr zffr! zfdm lc lchGt; kDm W bfvDv zdLjfv b
rWqfv hAfifsv ifi rWqfv jKf sOfNBf jvdY. (zfrmfl 2/439, hsb
mfufr 3678bQ)

98 ************************ mdrtfv bfmfp

dkdb zfsvf hstb, skfmvf bfvDslv ubA drkfjf[D rW. ---kfslv
ubA mtjfmD rW. (hcJfvD, mcndtm, dmwjfk 3238bQ)
dhlfqD rsv HfNsBW dkdb bfvD nisjG nkjG jsv icvNsj dhswN
zdnqk jsv pfb.
nclv nmfu oEsb bfvDv HCdmjf sjfb k YfVf zbA sj zDjfv
jvsk ifsv bf. bfvD rt icvsNv zLGfdbD. bfvD rt nfsbv iftdqD.
bfvD rt nmfsuv zLGfQw. zbA zLGfQswv umlfD rt bfvD. nckvfQ
bfvD rt iCBG nmfu. bfvD rt dwslv iaKm mffnf W ct hQ mrf
dhwdhlAftq.
mfsqv rfsk oVsh mfbcN mf pdl sn nkA rq,
mf- skf uosk iajxk dhwdhlAftq.
`zfmfsj jde dwd[kf mf lfW, zfdm skfmfsj dwd[k ufdk slh.'
zfmfsj jde DbD-dwd[kf mf dlb, zfdm zfibfsj jde ncnHA nmfu
slh. zfnst mfsqv dw[fv nfsK nfsbv dw[fv nijG zsbj Odb,
zsbj dbdhV.
bfvDv rfsk kf'tDm W kfvdhqfskv iaKm HCdmjf vsqsY. zfv zfmfslv
mrfbhD iaskAj mcndtm (bv-bfvDv) ubA fb dw[fsj Ivp sOfNBf
jsvsYb. zfv sn dw[f-hAhf nru jvfv lfdqk vsqsY k]fslv iv,
p]fslvsj zffr kWIDj lfb jsvsYb.
zfncb! zfmvf sp spHfsh ifdv, bfvD dw[fv lfdqk iftb jdv, bfvDv
iadkiftsbv HCdmjf iftb jdv, p]fvf jfsu sbsmsYb k]fslv nhGiajfv
nrspfdokf jdv.
mrfb zffr hstb, skfmvf n{ W kfjWqfv jfsu iviv
nrspfdokf jv hQ ifi W zn{jfsu sj zbAsj nfrfpA jsvf bf.
(jc} 5/2)