Content Description

Essential Questions:
1. What is interconnectedness?
2. What is fluency?
3. How is fluency affect by the eight parts of speech?
Standards:
1. ACEI
a. 2.1
b. 2.4
2. Language Arts:
a. 5.W.6
b. 5.W.6.1a
c. 5.W.6.1b
d. 5.W.6.1c
e. 5.W.6.1d
f. 5.W.6.1e
3. Social Studies:
a. 5.1.20
b. 5.2.21
c. 5.1.22
Language Arts:
1. The Eight Parts of Speech
a. Noun
i. Words that name a person, a place, a thing, or an idea.
1. Example: Ms. Hedge (Person)
2. Example: Disney World (Place)
3. Example: Cell phone (Thing)
b. Verb
i. Words that express action or state of being
1. Example: Run (Present Tense)
2. Example: Hugged (Past Tense)
3. Example: Will Jump (Future Tense)
c. Adjective
i. Words that describe a noun or pronoun
1. Example: Red
2. Example: Young
3. Example: Bright
d. Adverb
i. Words that describe a verb, an adjective, or another adverb
1. Example: Loudly
2. Example: Slowly
3. Example: Happily

e. Preposition
i. Words that show position or direction and introduce prepositional phrases
1. Example: Under
2. Example: Through
3. Example: Over
f. Pronoun
i. Words used in place of nouns
1. Example: I
2. Example: You
3. Example: Mine
g. Conjunction
i. Words that connect words or groups of words
1. Example: And
2. Example: But
3. Example: Or
h. Interjection
i. Words (set off by commas or exclamation points) that show emotion or
surprise
1. Example: Oops!
2. Example: Ouch!
3. Example: Goodness!
2. Interconnectedness
a. Part of the terminology of a worldview which sees an oneness in all things. A similar
term, interdependence, is sometimes used instead, although there are slightly different
connotations. (www.google.com)
3. Fluency
a. The quality or condition of being fluent, in particular; the ability to speak or write a
foreign language easily and accurately; the ability to express oneself easily and
articulately.
Social Studies:
1. Exploration and Colonization
a. Vocabulary Words
i. Profit the money made on goods that exceeds the cost of production.
ii. Merchant a person who buys, sells, and trades goods for a profit.
iii. Barter the trading of goods for goods.
iv. Navigation the science of determining a ships location and direction.
b. The Middle Ages
i. The middle ages are a period of European history that ranges from A.D.
500 to 1500.
ii. End of ancient Rome to beginning of the age of exploration
iii. First people Norse or north people
1. Lived in Denmark, Sweden, and Norway
2. Ships carried furs, fish, and timber
3. Traded these items for oil, spices, and goods
4. Also called Vikings

c.

d.

e.

f.

g.

iv. Viking explorers became the first Europeans to reach North America.
1. Sailed west built settlements in Iceland and Greenland
2. Diseases and battles with native peoples = abandonment
v. People traveled on boats, foot, horseback, etc.
The Crusades
i. 1095 journey to Jerusalem in western Asia
1. This city had religious importance to Jews, Christians, and
Muslims
ii. 1096 wars in Jerusalem began
1. Christians wanted to capture Jerusalem from the Muslim Turks
2. These wars became known as the Crusades.
iii. Crusaders captured Jerusalem
The Travels of Marco Polo
i. Italian family
ii. 1295 family returns to Venice after years pass
iii. Saw/ate unknown objects in Europe
1. Example noodles
Trade with Asia
i. Chinese traders brought silk, spices, and jewels to western Asia
ii. European merchants traveled by land across the deserts of central Asia
1. Dangerous journey
2. Could take years to complete
3. Think of a new route to take?
African Kingdoms
i. 1350 the ruler of a kingdom called Mali traveled to the Muslim holy city
of Mecca in Arabia
ii. The discovery of gold in the Americas ended African control of Europes
gold supply.
iii. Europeans began to enslave Africans in the 1500s, and the great kingdoms
collapsed.
A School for Sailors
i. Land routes to Asia were controlled by Portugals enemies
ii. Prince Henry of Portugal believed that ships could sail south along the
western coast of Africa to reach Asia.
1. He was eager to gain a share of Asias wealth for Portugal.
2. Trade with African kingdoms would grow if new sea routes were
followed.
3. He set up a school where experts worked on problems of
navigation.
iii. Sailors guessed their location by the North Star.
1. South of the equator, there is no north star (you cannot see it)
iv. The Chinese compass
v. Maps = technology to help guide explorers

2. Spaniards reach the Americas

a. Vocabulary Words

b.

c.

d.

e.

i. Expedition a journey made for a special purpose.

ii. Colony a settlement far away from the country that rules it.
iii. Columbian Exchange the movement of people, plants, animals, and
germs in either direction across the Atlantic Ocean following the voyages
of Columbus.
Sailing West to the Indies
i. Interesting in one place the Indies
1. Known as Asia today
ii. Christopher Columbus sailed to Asia
A new Direction
i. Spain and Portugal were eager to send expeditions to the Indies
ii. Christopher Columbus
1. From Italy
2. Lead an expedition to the Indies
3. Sail in the wrong direction
4. Sail west of the original destination would be faster than original
plan
a. Sailed August and September of 1492
b. Sailed to San Salvador (what is known today), but
Columbus believed he traveled to the Indies.
i. Welcoming people on the island
1. Carried fresh fruit
2. Called themselves Taino
ii. Columbus called these people Indios Spanish for
Indians
iii. Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand of Spain paid for ships for Columbus
to sail.
1. The Nina
2. The Pinta
3. The Santa Maria
iv. Columbuss logs
1. One log recorded exact distances the ships sailed each day
2. Second log recorded shorter distances
a. Wanted to keep this log secret
The Tanio
i. Gave great joy to newcomers gave gifts and food
1. Columbus gave glad beads and brass bells in return
ii. Grew cotton, tobacco, maize, yams, pineapple
iii. Diseases and violence destroyed the colony
iv. Most of what we know about the Tanio today are in artifacts and
documents
A New Colony
i. 1439 Columbus landed on the island of Hispaniola
ii. Columbus died in 1506 still believing he had reached the Indies

3. Spanish Exploration and Conquest

a. Vocabulary Words
i. Empire an area in which different groups of people are controlled by
one ruler or government.
ii. Conquistador a name for the Spanish conquerors that first came to the
Americas in the 1500s.
b. The Aztec Empire
i. 1519 the Spaniard Hernan Cortes landed in Mexico with more than 500
conquistadors
ii. Native people have never seen colored or white skin
iii. Tenochtitlan one of the largest cities in the world
1. Aztec ruled this city Montezuma II
2. Cortes reached here in November 1519
iv. Smallpox became an issue
1. Killed more than 100,000 people
c. The Inca Empire
i. Wealthiest in the world ruled much of South America
ii. Extended more than 2,500 miles along the western coast of SA
1. The distance from NYC to Phoenix
iii. Linked by Highways
1. Located in the Andes Mountain range
2. Cuzco (or Peru) one of the highest cities on Earth
3. Quipus knotted strings to help remember information
a. Used these to keep records
b. Important tool for communicating information
iv. Inca Society
1. Rulers and religious leaders were the highest class
2. Instead of paying taxes
a. Repaired roads
b. Digging canals
c. Building temples
3. Gold and silver were important
a. Gold the seat of the sun
b. Silver the tears of the moon
d. The Fall of the Inca
i. 1531 The Inca empire was collapsing
ii. Smallpox was a problem
iii. Inca ruler Wayna Capac
1. After his death, a civil war broke out between his sons, Atahualpa
and Huascar, for control of the empire.
a. Atahualpa controlled Northern part of the empire
iv. Pizarro and Atahualpa
1. Pizarro took Inca ruler prisoner
a. Freedom room with gold and silver
b. Did not release the prisoner (was dishonest about his deal)
i. When the room was filled, Atahualpa was killed
ii. Gold and silver was melted down into blocks

2. 1540 Spain controlled one of the largest empires in the world.

4. Spains Overseas Empire
a. Vocabulary Words
i. Frontier the name given by colonists to the far end of a country where
people are just beginning to settle.
ii. Missionary person who talks about his or her religion to those who have
different beliefs.
iii. Enslave to force a person to work for no money without the freedom to
leave.
iv. Mestizo a person of mixed Spanish and Native American heritage.
b. Spanish in North America
i. 1513 Juan Ponce de Leon Fountain of Youth
1. La Florida place of flowers
ii. 1539 Hernando de Soto landed in Florida
1. Never found gold
2. Diseases carried by his men and animals killed thousands of
Native Americans
c. New Spain Expands
i. 1528 Spanish conquistador Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca sailed from
Cuba.
ii. 1540 - Francisco Vasquez de Coronado led an expedition of Spaniards,
Africans, and Native Americans across what is now the southwestern
United States.
1. Claimed large areas of land for Spain
iii. Native Americans were forced to work for the Spanish landowners.
1. Many Native Americans died from starvation, disease, and
overwork.
iv. Spanish explorers brought the first enslaved Africans to Mexico.
1. By 1550 more than 5,000 enslaved Africans were working in the
fields of encomienda in New Spain.
a. Some worked in silver mines
i. Loaded silver and other precious metals onto ships
bound for Spain.
b. 1570 Enslaved Africans and Native Americans rebelled.
i. Some were defeated
ii. Some escaped to areas far from the encomienda
where they could be free.
1. These enslaved Africans and Native
Americans build their own community
Maroon Communities.
2. African leader Yanga (king of his
homeland)
2. 1500s Native Americans, Spanish, and Africans new society
a. Criollos Spanish parents
3. 1600-1800 Spanish built over 20 settlements in New Mexico

a. Important centers for missions, where priests tried to

convert Native Americans, and for mining natural
resources.
5. Searching for the Northwest Passage
a. Vocabulary Words
i. Northwest Passage a water route believed to flow through North
America to Asia that European explorers searched for from the 1500s to
the 1700s.
ii. Merchant Company a group of merchants who share the cost and
profits of a business.
b. Europeans Sail West
i. Believed there was a water route that connected the Atlantic to the Pacific
Ocean.
ii. 1497 John Cabot was hired to find a shorter route to Asia.
1. Landed in Newfoundland and island off the coast of Canada
2. Did not find the Northwest passage
3. Found water with abundant amount of fish
iii. 1524 Giovanni da Verrazano - hired to find the Northwest Passage
1. Explored the east coast of North America
2. New York Harbor = Hudson River
3. Did not find the passage, but found one of the most important
rivers in North America.
c. The Search Goes On
i. Merchant Companies
1. Share profits from the spices brought back from Asia
2. Example Dutch East Indian Company
ii. Henry Hudson
1. Hired to find a shortcut to Asia
2. Believed that the Northwest passage was located north of Virginia
3. He sailed about 150 miles north on the river that flowed into the
harbor (New York Harbor)
d. Exploring Hudson Bay
i. 1610 Henry Hudson found the Hudson Bay
ii. Hudsons ship, the Discovery, froze in the ice.
1. Harsh conditions
2. Lived on moldy bread and rotten meat
3. Threat of mutiny naval revolt
4. Crew took over ship
5. Hudson, his son, and 8 loyal sailors were placed into a small boat
never seen/heard from again.

6. The First French Colonies

a. Vocabulary Words

i. Ally a person, group, or nation united with another in order to do

something.
ii. Coureurs de bois in New France, a person who trapped furs without
permission from the French government.
iii. Import to bring goods from another country for sale or use.
iv. Voyageur a trader who transported furs by canoe in New France.
b. The First French Settlement
i. Founding of Quebec
1. 1598 France tried to establish a permanent settlement called New
France
a. Expand fur trade and make money for France.
2. Fur coats and hats were very popular in Europe at the time
3. The French, Wyandot, and Algonquin became allies
7. The First English Colonies
a. Vocabulary words
i. Charter an official document giving a person permission to do
something, such as settle in an area.
ii. Cash Crop a crop that is grown to be sold for profit.
iii. Indentured Servant a person who worked for someone in colonial
America for a set time in exchange for the ocean voyage.
iv. House of Burgesses the lawmaking body of colonial Virginia
established in Jamestown in 1619.
v. Pilgrim a person who travels to a place for religious reasons.
vi. Sachem an Iroquois chief or tribal leader.
b. The Lost Colony
i. Sir Walter Raleigh received the Virginia charter from Queen Elizabeth I,
the Virgin (or unmarried).
ii. Roanoke, North Carolina
1. Planted crops
2. Did not find gold
c. The Jamestown Colony
i. King James I gave a charter to a merchant company called the Virginia
Company
ii. James river = Jamestown
1. First permanent English settlement in North America
2. Perfect soil and climate for growing tobacco
a. John Rolfe harvested the first tobacco crop first cash crop
iii. Captain John Smith
1. Those who dont work dont eat!
2. Forced the colonists to plant crops and build homes.