CivilWarEraOutline
Sectionalism&StatesRights
TheNorthwasprimarilyanindustrialeconomy.
TheSouthwasprimarilyanagriculturaleconomy.
Statesrightswasthebeliefthatlocalgovernmentsshouldbeabletodecideissuesfor
themselvesandkeepgovernmentclosetothepeople
TheVoiceofeachRegion
HenryClay,fromtheWest,wasknownastheGreatCompromiser.
DanielWebster,fromtheNorth,opposedslavery.
JohnC.Calhoun,fromtheSouth,supportedslavery.
RoadtotheCivilWar
TheMissouriCompromiseof1820had3conditions:
MaineenteredtheUnionasafreestate
MissourienteredtheUnionasaslavestate
SlaverywasprohibitedintheremainderoftheLouisianaPurchaseabove3630N.
TheNullificationCrisisbeganwhenSouthCarolinadeclaredfederaltariffsillegalandthreatened
tosecede.
TheCompromiseof1850had5conditions:
CaliforniaenteredtheUnionasafreestate
NewMexicoTerritorywouldhavenorestrictionsonslavery
RioGrandeestablishedastheborderbetweenMexicoandTexas
Stoppedtheslavetrade(butnotslavery)inWashingtonDC
Calledforstrongerfugitiveslavelaws
TheFugitiveSlaveActrequiredthereturnofallescapedslaves.
HarrietBeecherStowewrote
UncleTomsCabin
in1852,whichdepictedthecrueltyofslavery.
GainedfameintheNorthhatedintheSouth
CausedmanyNorthernerstobelievethatslaverywasmorallywrong
TheKansasNebraskaActallowedvotersintheterritoriesofKansasandNebraskatodetermine
ifslaverywouldbelegal.
BleedingKansasoccurredwhenviolenceeruptedbetweenproslaveryandantislavery
supporters.
The
DredScott
decisionstatedthataslave(DredScott)wasconsideredproperty,wasnota
citizen,andhadnorighttobringalawsuittocourtaskingforhisfreedom.
AbrahamLincolnandStephenA.Douglascompetedinaseriesofdebatesin1858whenrunning
tobecomeSenatorofIllinois.Douglaswontheelectionbasedonhispropopularsovereignty
stance,butalsodividedtheDemocraticPartyduetohisviewsonthe
DredScott
decision.
Despitetheloss,Lincolngainednationalfame
JohnBrown,believingthathewasfollowingGodsorders,ledaraidonafederalarsenalat
HarpersFerry,Virginia.Hewastryingtostartaslaverebellion,buthewascaptured(after2
days),triedfortreason,andhanged.
SomeNorthernabolitionistssawhimasamartyr(individualkilledbecauseoftheir
beliefs)
Southernerssawhimasadangerouspsychoticactingontheordersofabolitionists
AbrahamLincolnwontheelectionof1860asaRepublicanbecausetheDemocraticPartysplit
theirvotesbetween2candidates(StephenA.Douglas&JohnC.Breckinridge)
FourdaysafterLincolnswin,SouthCarolinavotedtosecedefromtheUnion
BasicFactsoftheCivilWar
TheCivilWar(18611865)wasfoughtbetweentheUnion(theNorth)andtheConfederacy(the
South).
ThecausesoftheCivilWarincludeslavery,statesrights,andsectionalism(tariffdisputesand
economicdifferences).
AbrahamLincolnwasPresidentoftheUnitedStatesduringtheCivilWar.
GeneralUlyssesS.GrantledtheUnionArmy.
JeffersonDaviswasPresidentoftheConfederateStatesduringtheCivilWar.
RobertE.LeeledtheConfederateArmy.
MajorEventsoftheCivilWar
ConfederateforcesattackedFortSumterinSouthCarolina,whichstartedtheCivilWar.
AntietamwasthebloodiestdayoftheCivilWar.ItwasthefirstbattleinUnionterritoryandthe
Confederacylostthebattle.
TheEmancipationProclamationdeclaredallslavestobefreewholivedintheConfederate(or
seceded)statesasofJanuary1,1863.
GettysburgwasasurprisethreedaybattleinPennsylvaniaLeeretreatsandUnionforceswin.
TheGettysburgAddresswasaspeechgivenbyPresidentLincolntohonorUnionsoldierswho
gavetheirlifesothatagovernmentofthepeople,bythepeople,forthepeople,shallnotperish
fromthisearth.
DuringtheBattleofVicksburg,GrantledtheUnionarmytovictory,gainedcontrolofthe
MississippiRiver,andsplittheConfederacy.
ConfederateGeneralRobertE.LeesurrenderedtoUnionGeneralUlyssesS.Grantat
AppomattoxCourtHousein1865.GrantshowsmercytoConfederatesoldiers.
ImportantPeopleoftheCivilWar&Reconstruction
DuringtheFirstBattleofBullRun,ConfederateGeneralThomasJacksonfoughtsoheroically
andstoodhisgroundlikeastonewall.HelaterbecameknownasStonewallJackson.
PhilipBazaarandWilliamCarneyweregiventheMedalofHonorfortheirheroismandbravery
duringtheCivilWar.
JuliaWardHowewroteBattleHymnoftheRepublic,whichwassungbyUniontroopsduring
theCivilWar.
JohnWilkesBoothassassinatedAbrahamLincolnin1865.
HiramRhodesRevelswasthefirstAfricanAmericanelectedtotheU.S.Senate.
Reconstruction
PeriodintheUnitedStatesaftertheCivilWarwhenthesouthernstateswerereorganizedand
broughtbackintotheUnion.PresidentLincolnswishwasthatthiswasdonewithmalice
towardnonewithcharityforall.
TheRadicalReconstructionCongresswantedCongress,notthePresident,tocontrolatougher,
moreextremeapproachtoreunitingtheNorthandSouth.
BlackCodesseverelylimitedtherightsofformerslavesintheSouth.
ReconstructionAmendments:
th
13
AmendmentAbolishedslavery
th
14
AmendmentMadeformerslavescitizensandgaveequalprotectionunderthelaw
forallcitizens.
th
15
AmendmentGaveAfricanAmericanmalestherighttovote.
LegislationAffectingWestwardExpansion
TheMorrillActfundedpubliccollegesfocusedonagricultureandmechanicalarts.
TheHomesteadActgavefreelandtosettlerswholivedonthelandfor5yearsthislured
thousandsofsettlerstotheGreatPlains.
TheDawesActbrokeupNativeAmericanreservationsandresultedinthelossofIndianland.
