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Phonology: The Word and Above

This document discusses phonology and the word level and above. It covers stress, including the phonetic characteristics of stress, stress placement in different languages, and rules for stress in English words. It also discusses the foot as the next phonological unit above the syllable, with each foot starting with a stressed syllable. Finally, it mentions segmental phonology at the phrase and word level.

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Ayu Delisa Putri
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27 views6 pages

Phonology: The Word and Above

This document discusses phonology and the word level and above. It covers stress, including the phonetic characteristics of stress, stress placement in different languages, and rules for stress in English words. It also discusses the foot as the next phonological unit above the syllable, with each foot starting with a stressed syllable. Finally, it mentions segmental phonology at the phrase and word level.

Uploaded by

Ayu Delisa Putri
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Phonology

Chapter 10
The Word and Above
Members name:
Ayu Delisa Putri
Husnul Fitriyah
Ramayani
PBI 4E
STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF SULTAN SYARIF KASIM RIAU
2015

2. Stress

The phonetic characteristics of stress


High fundamental frequency
Greater intensity
Greater of the duration
Predicting stress placement
The free-stress language; unpredictable
The fixed-stress language; predictable
The general rules of stress in many English words:
Noun rule: stress the penultimate syllable if heavy. If
light, stress the antepenult.
Verb rule: stress the final syllable if heavy. If light,
stress the penultimate syllable.

3. The Foot

The next biggest phonological unit above the


syllable is the foot.
Each phonological foot starts with a stressed
syllable.
It can be contrasted as stronger (S) and weaker
(W).
example:
Father
Fa (S)
ther (W)

4. Segmental phonology of the phrase and


word

Conclusion
Stress, position of stress, characteristic of
stress, the foot and segmental phonological
are the main point of words above to be
learned well.

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