He js cleaning his shoes. He has cleaned his shoes. They are at home. They are going out. (= his shoes are clean now) ‘They have gone out (= they are not at home now) hhas cleaned / have gone etc. is the presem perfect (have + past partipe): I ie cleaned cleaned? we finished have | “® | finished? lor ake you | have not (havent) | started mv" | vou | senrted? fa oa lost they | tose? he | has (’s) he | done? — she | has mot (hasn't) | been hhas | she | been? | f '™etlar te" it gone it__| Bone? 1 past participle Regular verks "The past participle is -ed (the same as the past simple): clean —> I have cleaned finish -» we have finished start —» she has started. Inegutar verbs: The past participle is not -ed. ‘Sometimes the past simple and past participle are the same: buy > | bought / Ihave bought have -* he had / he has had ‘Sometimes the past simple and past participle are different: break > I broke / [have broken see —* you saw / you have seen fall —> it fell / it has fallen go — they went / they have gone ‘We use the present perfect for an action in the past with a result now: 5 F've lost my passport. (= I can't find my passport now) ‘She's gone to bed” (= she is in bed now) 5 We've bought a new car, (= we have a new ear now) 15 Its Rachel’ birthday tomorrow and | haven't bought her a present. (= I don't have a O ‘Where's Rebecca?” present for her now) 1D ‘Bob is away on holiday” ‘Oh, where has he gone?" (= where is he now?) © Can I take this newspaper? Have you finished with it? = do you need it now?)15.2 Look at the pictures. What has happened? Choose from the box. go to bed clean his choo stop raining dlose the door fall down, have a shower befor now He has cleared hig shoes Complete the sentences with a verb from the box. break buy decide > forget go go. invite read see not/ take tell not/tell Yes. ve finished with it? 1 2t some new shoes. Do you want to see them? ‘Can I have a look at your newspaper 3 ‘Where is Liz?” “She's not here. She out 4 I'm looking for Paula. you her? 5 Look! Somebody that window 6 ‘Does Lisa know that you're going away?” “Yes, I her. 7 Tcan't find my umbrella, Somebody it 8 ‘Where are my glasses?” ‘I don’t know. I them! 9 Pm looking for Sarsh. Where she 2 10. know that worn, but I her name. 11 Sue is having a party tonight. She a lot of people. 12 What are you going to do? you : 13. A: Docs Bill know about the mecting tomorrow? B: [don’t think so. I him. 14 “Do you want this magazine?” ‘No, | i, thanks!Unit 16 HY 1 jos just I've just ... 2 short time ago A: Are Diane and Paul here? Yes, they've just arrived DA: Are you hungry? b: No, I"ve just had dinner. DA Ish No, I'm affaid he's just gone he has just gone) HE aeons already 1A: What time are Diane and Paul coming? B. They've already arrived. (= before you expected) befare you expected / before f expected 1 Ie only 9 o'clock and A\ has already gone to bed. (= before I expected GA: Jon, this is Emma, B: Yes, Lknow: We've already met, lon, this is Emma. I've already ... I haven't ... yet (present perfect 2) Yes, | knew. We've aiready met BS havens. yee / Have you ... yet? yet = anal now We use yet in negative sentences and questions. Yet is usually at the end yet in negative sentences (I haven't... yet) A: Are Diane and Paul here? No, they haven’t arrived yet (but B expects Diane and P A: Does James know that you're g No, Uhayen’t told him yet (but Bis to tell him soon) © hasn’t yet in questions (Have you ... yet CA: Have Diane and Paul arrived yet Bs No.not yet. We're still waiting for them. Has Nicole started her new job yet? 8: No, she starts next week. This is my new dress Oh, its nice. Have you worn it yet? ping away? The film hasn’t started yet This ws my ven dress Oh, W's vice. Have you ner it yet?)16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 Write a sentence with just for each picture. 1 They've just arrived 3 They 2 He 4 The race Complete the sentences. Use already + present perfect \ st _ if What time is Paul arriving? /~. He's already arrived. 2| Do your friends want to see the film? No. they 3 Don't forget to phone Tom. \ | ‘ When is Martin going awa He 5 | Do you want to read the newspaper? 1 6 \_When does Sarah start her new job?_/ \ She J Write a sentence with just (They've just ... / She's just ... ete.) or a negative sentence with yet (They haven't ... yet / She hasn't ... yet ete) 1 Sew minutes | a few minutes | now | 3 afew onirnutes | now & of #2: she / g | (the bus / go) | (ehe erain 7 leave) She hasn't gone out yet. | The bus 7 [ae fares now | 5 a few minutes now | 6 afew minutes | now Teese, 4 / he / open / it) [ (hey 7 finish / their dinner) | ie / stop / raining) Write questions with yet. 1 Your friend has got a new job. Perhaps she has started it, You ask her: Have ypu started your new job yet? 2 Your friend has some new neighbours. Perhaps he has met them, You ask him 3. Your friend must pay her phone bill. Perhaps she has paid it, You ask her 4 Tom was trying (0 sell his car, Perhaps he has sold it. You ask a friend about Tom:Unit iW Have you ever ... ? (present perfect 3) (‘Have you been (Gotan Finite Ly) (entmes.) FF Ye Le q c SN 7 &) ‘Have you ever been to Japan? No, Fve never \ been to Japan, / We use the present perf! (have been / have had / have played etc.) when we talk about a time from the past unol now — for example, a person's life Have you ever been to Japan? time fiom past wnnil nos 1 D "Have you been co France?” ‘No, | haven't! 2 Pe been to Canada, but | haven't been to the United States ) Mary is an interesting person. She has had many different jobs and has lived in many places 1 Pve seen that woman before, but [ can't remember where 1 How many times has Brazil won the World Cup? 1 "Have you read this book?” “Yes, 've read ic twice” (twice = two times) present perfect + ever (in questions) and never: 5 "Has Ann ever been co Austealia” “Yes, once! (once = one cine) 3 ‘Have you ever played gol” — “Yes, I play 3 lot } My sister has never travelled by plane. 1 T've never ridden horse 0 Who is that ‘I don't know: I've never seen him befor gone and been ruro weeks later Where's ait? ) Cito a) ve been ( 00 hotiiay. ve been to Spain. / ( He's gone 0 Spain Bill ha he went to Spain, but now Bill has gone to Spain been to Spain. ne is back) is in Spain now) Compare [cant find Susan, Where has the gone? (= whe (Oh, hello Susan! 1 was looking for you. WherWa 172 173 174 You are asking Helen questions beginning Have you ever oN Write the questions. ( S\__ 1 (London?) Have you ever deen to London? No, never. 2 (play / gol) Have. you ever played golf? Yes, many times. 3 (Australia?) Have Yes, once, 4 (lose / your passport?) No, never. 5 (iy / in a helicopter?) Yes, a few times. 6 (win /a race?) No, never, 7 (New York?) ‘Yes, twice. 8 (drive / a bus?) No, never. 9 (break / your leg?) Yes, once, Write sentences about Helen. (Look at her answers in Exercise 17.1.) (NewYork) She's been to New York twice. (Australia) She (WIN 7 a FACE) eee . (Ay / ina helicopter) Now write about yourself. How often have you done these things? 5 (New York) 1 6 (play / tennis) 7 (drive / a lorry) 8 (be / late for work or school) Mary is 65 years old. She has had an interesting life. What has she done? fave be all over the world a loc of interesting things do write | | many-differentjebs a lor of interesting people travel meet ten books married three times Mary She has had many different jobs. She awe Write gone or been. Bill is on holiday at che moment, He's 90" to Spain. 1 2 “Where's Jane?” “She's nor here. I think she's to the bank. 3 Hello, Sue. Where have you ? Have you to the bank? 4 “Have you ever fo Mexico?” "No, never: 5. My parents aren’t at home at the moment. They've out 6 There's a new restaurant in town, Have you toi 7 Rebecca knows Paris well. She's there many times. 8 Helen was here carlier, but I think she’s now.UNIT 15 15.1 2 She has/She’s closed the door. 3. They have/They've gone to bed. 4 Ichas/Ir’s. stopped raining 5 He has/He’s had a shower, 6 The picture has fallen down. 15.2 2 ‘ve bought / have bought ‘gone / has gone Have you seen has broken ‘ve told / have told has taken haven't seen has she gone ‘ve forgotten / have forgotten 11's invited / has invited 12 Have you decided 13 haven't cold 14 ’ve read / have read Secor samen 1 UNIT 16, 16.1 2. He's/He has just got up 3. They've/They have just bought a car. 4. The race has just started. 16.2 2 they've/they have already seen it. 3 Vve/l have already phoned him, 4 He’s/He has already gone (away). aw She's/She has. already started (it). 16.3 2. The bus has just gone. 3. The train hasn't lett yer 4 He hasn't opened it yet. I've/I have already read it. 5 They've/They have just finished their dinner 6 It hasn't stopped raining yet. 16.4 2. Have you met your new neighbours yet? 3. Have you paid your phone bill yet? 4 Has Tom/he sold his car yer? x > gone been ... been gone been wu amen gone UNIT 17 17.4 3. Have you ever been to Australia? 4 Have you ever lost your passpor? 5. Have you ever flown in a helicopter? 6 Have you ever won a race? 7 Have you ever been to New York? 8 Have you ever driven a tar 9 Have you ever broken your leg? 17.2 Helen: 2 She'/She has been to ‘Australia once, 3 She¥/She has never won a race. 4 She'vShe bas flown in a helicopter a few times You (example answers: 5 V've/I have never been to New York. 6 Tve/l have played tennis many ome. 7 Tve/I have mever driven lorry. 8 Tve/bave been late for work a few times, 17.3 24 She'/She has done a lot of imeresting things She's/She has travelled all over the world, or She's/She has been all over the workd. She'/She has be three times. She's/She has written ten books. She'S/She has_met a lot of imeresting people. married