By/ Rawan Ashraf – 14104116
Represented to Dr/ Aya El-wardany
Contents
Contents ........................................................................................................................................................ 1
Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 3
The Ten Principles of Material Handling ..................................................................................................... 4
Planning Principle ..................................................................................................................................... 4
Standardization Principle .......................................................................................................................... 4
Space Utilization ....................................................................................................................................... 5
System principle........................................................................................................................................ 5
Work Principle .......................................................................................................................................... 6
Ergonomic principle.................................................................................................................................. 6
Environmental Principle ........................................................................................................................... 7
Life Cycle Cost Principle .......................................................................................................................... 7
Conclusion .................................................................................................................................................... 8
References ..................................................................................................................................................... 9
2
Introduction
Material handling equipment includes a varied assortment of tools, vehicles, storage units,
appliances and accessories; involved in transporting, storing, controlling and protecting products
at any stage of the manufacturing, distribution consumption or disposal. MHE is classified into
mainly five categories, transport equipment, positioning equipment, unit load formation
equipment, storage equipment and identification and control equipment; which are divided into
two types, conventional equipment and computer aided material handling equipment; and their
subs.
Material handling importance and objectives are to eliminate accidents. If good materials
handling is applied, accidents can be prevented and eliminated as this means proper and careful
handling is performed. Reduce stress and effort. Through good materials handling, stress and
effort can be minimized. Also, handling materials the right away and eliminating all the factors
that would make material handling risky and challenging.
Applying good materials handling, then is definitely making storage, manufacture, distribution,
or consumption of materials and goods less time-consuming. This is because good materials
handling means applying solutions that can help make this process quick and easy. Eliminate
redundant work. If there is good material handling, there is no need to utilize redundant workers
that will only take time and cost extra expenses; will also save money since there will be no
jeopardizing in quality and condition of the products as well as no longer spending a lot to pay
extra workers just to ensure that the materials or product are handled well.
Material handling equipment is utilized in warehouses, manufacturing plant, port and airports.
There is factors that can affect the selection of material handling process and they are
1. Production Problems: volume of production to
be maintained, layout of plant and building
facilities; and class of materials to be handled.
2. Human Factor: capabilities of man power and
safety of personal.
3. Equipment available.
3
The Eight Principles of Material Handling
Planning Principle
It defines as the needs, strategic performance objectives and functional specification of the
proposed system and supporting technologies at the outset of the design. A plan is in advance of
implementation. In its simplest form a material handing plan defines the material (what) and the
moves (when and where); together they define the method (how and who).
By applying concurrent engineering of product, process design, process layout, and material
handling methods, as opposed to independent and sequential design practices. Moreover,
including a document of existing methods and problems, physical and economic constraints and
future requirements and goals.
The plan should be developed in consultation between the planner or planners and all who will
use and benefit from the equipment to be employed; should be developed in a team approach,
with input from consultants, suppliers and end users, as well as from management, engineering,
information systems, finance and operations.
Standardization Principle
Standardization means less variety and customization in the methods and equipment employed.
Material handling methods, equipment, controls and software should be standardized within the
limits of achieving overall performance objectives and without sacrificing needed flexibility,
modularity and throughput.
The planner should select methods and equipment that can perform a variety of tasks under a
variety of operating conditions and in anticipation of changing future requirements. As it also
applies to sizes of containers and other load forming components as well as operating procedures
and equipment.
4
Space Utilization
It’s that effective and efficient use must be made of all available space. To maximize efficient
use of space within a facility, it is important to keep work areas organized and free of clutter, to
maximize density in storage areas (without compromising accessibility and flexibility), and to
utilize overhead space.
In work areas, cluttered and unorganized spaces and blocked aisles should be eliminated. In
storage areas, the objective of maximizing storage density must be balanced against accessibility
and selectivity. When transporting loads within a facility the use of overhead space should be
considered as an option.
System principle
A system is a collection of interacting and/or interdependent entities that form a unified whole.
Material movement and storage activities should be fully integrated to form a coordinated,
operational system which spans receiving, inspection, storage, production, assembly, packaging,
unitizing, order selection, shipping, transportation and the handling of returns.
Systems integration should encompass the entire supply chain including reverse logistics. It
should include suppliers, manufacturers, distributors and customers. As the inventory levels
should be minimized at all stages of production and distribution while respecting considerations
of process variability and customer service.
Information flow and physical material flow should be integrated and treated as concurrent
activities. Methods should be provided for easily identifying materials and products, for
determining their location and status within facilities and within the supply chain and for
controlling their movement. Customer requirements and expectations regarding quantity, quality,
and on-time delivery should be met without exception.
5
Work Principle
The measure of work is material handling flow (volume, weight or count per unit of time)
multiplied by the distance moved. This means that, material handling work should be minimized
without sacrificing productivity or the level of service required of the operation.
Simplifying processes by reducing, combining, shortening or eliminating unnecessary moves
will reduce work. While considering each pickup and set-down or placing material in and out of
storage, as distinct moves and components of the distance moved.
Process methods, operation sequences and process/equipment layouts should be prepared that
support the work minimization objective. Where possible, gravity should be used to move
materials or to assist in their movement while respecting consideration of safety and the potential
for product damage. The shortest distance between two points is a straight line
Ergonomic principle
Ergonomics is the science that seeks to adapt work or working conditions to suit the abilities of
the worker. Human capabilities and limitations must be recognized and respected in the design of
material handling tasks and equipment to ensure safe and effective operations.
Equipment should be selected that eliminates repetitive and vigorous manual labor and which
effectively interacts with human operators and users. The ergonomic principle embraces both
physical and mental tasks. The material handling workplace and the equipment employed to
assist in that work must be designed so they are safe for people
6
Environmental Principle
Environmental consciousness stems from a desire not to waste natural resources and to predict
and eliminate the possible negative effects of our daily actions on the environment.
Environmental impact and energy consumption should be considered as criteria when designing
or selecting alternative equipment and material handling systems.
Containers, pallets and other products used to form and protect unit loads should be designed for
reusability when possible and/or biodegradability as appropriate. Systems design should
accommodate the handling of spent dunnage, empty containers and other by-products of material
handling. Materials specified as hazardous have special needs with regard to spill protection,
combustibility and other risks.
Life Cycle Cost Principle
Life cycle costs include all cash flows that will occur between the time the first dollar is spent to
plan or procure a new piece of equipment, or to put in place a new method, until that method
and/or equipment is totally replaced. A thorough economic analysis should account for the entire
life cycle of all material handling equipment and resulting systems
Life cycle costs include capital investment, installation, setup and equipment programming,
training, system testing and acceptance, operating (labor, utilities, etc.), maintenance and repair,
reuse value, and ultimate disposal.
A plan for preventive and predictive maintenance should be prepared for the equipment, and the
estimated cost of maintenance and spare parts should be included in the economic analysis. A
long-range plan for replacement of the equipment when it becomes obsolete should be prepared.
Although measurable cost is a primary factor, it is certainly not the only factor in selecting
among alternatives. Other factors of a strategic nature to the organization and which form the
basis for competition in the market place should be considered and quantified whenever possible.
7
Conclusion
To summarize this paper, Material Handling Equipment is a major role in the production process
of any product; as it is used from the point of it being raw materials pre-production, until it
reaches the consumer post-production.
Material Handling Equipment’s eight major principles are the approach to reach the company’s
objectives; as there’s a Planning principle that sets tactical operational objectives; while having
the standardization principle which assures normalization and regularity; In order for the space
utilization principle to manage and maximize the effectiveness and efficiency of all available
spaces; as the system principle unifies all entities to go through the same path, all towards the
same objective.
The fifth principle is Work principle means that reduces material handling work without losing
productivity or the level of service required of the operation; whilst having on the other hand the
Ergonomic principle which aids in creating suitable work environments for the workers and their
capabilities.
The environmental principle helps in reduction of waste natural resources and eliminating any
actions that would cause a harmful effect on the environment; the eighth and last but not least
principle is life cycle cost principle and it manages all the cash flows from the point of origin
until reaching the consumer in the supply chain, by creating an economic analysis that show the
entire life cycle of material handling equipment.
8
References
I. Aized.T, “Materials Handling in Flexible Manufacturing System”, 2010
II. Rao. P. N, “CAD/CAM: Principles and applications”, 2004
III. Pittsburgh. Pa, ”Materials Handling Institute”, 1990
IV. OSHA, “Materials Handling and Storage”, 2002
