ABDULLAH, ASNIAH H.

BSN 3

PSYCHOTROPIC MEDICATIONS

Indications Actions Contraindications Side effects & Adverse Interactions Route and Dosage Nursing Nursing Client-
& Precautions reactions diagnosis implications family
education
ANTIANXIETY
AGENTS
 Antihistamine  Common -Released in  Telling your  Drowsiness Taking with  Brompheniramine  Ineffective Avoid alcohol
 Generic name: cold response to Doctor if  Dizziness herbal medicine (Bromax, breathing and/or CNS
 Flu certain stimuli you have  Dry mouth may alter the Lodrane) pattern depressants
 Allergies and binds to any allegy  Headache effects For regular (short-  Disturbed while taking
 Other various types of  Certain  Upset stomach acting) oral dosage body medication.
breathing histamine conditions  Constipation forms (capsules, image
illnesses receptors (H1, (e.g koveractive  Trouble sleeping tablets, or liquid):  Impaired
(sinusitis, H2, H3, and H4) thyroid gland, skin
bronchiti Increased,  Adults and intergrity
s) -H1 receptors Pressure in the teenagers—4
 Watery are important in Eye, closed milligrams (mg)
and itchy producing angle glaucoma, every four to six
eyes smooth muscle high blood hours as needed.
 Sneezing contraction and pressure,
 Nose increasing Stenosing Peptic
deconges capillary Ulcer, Blockage For injection dosage
tants permeability of Urinary form:
 Cough Bladder,
and cold -Histamine Enlarged Prostate,  Adults and
promotes Cannot Empty, teenagers—10
vasodilation of Bladder,chronic milligrams (mg)
small blood idiopathicm injected into a
vessels by constipation muscle, under the
causing the  Avoid alchol skin, or into a vein
vascular and every eight to
endothelium to marijuana twelve hours.
release nitric  Cetirizine (Zytec)
oxide For oral dosage forms
(syrup and tablets):
- Can enhance
secretion of  Adults—5 to 10
proinflammatory milligrams (mg)
cytokines in once a day.
several cell  Chlorpheniramine
types and in (Chlor-Trimeton)
local tissues For regular (short-
acting) oral dosage
forms (tablets or
liquid):

 Adults and
teenagers—4
milligrams (mg)
every four to six
hours as needed.

For long-acting oral

 Adults—8 or 12
milligrams (mg)
every eight to
twelve hours as
needed.
For injection dosage
form:

 Adults—5 to 40
milligrams (mg)
injected into a
muscle, into a vein,
 or under the skin.
 Clemastine
(Tavist)
For oral dosage forms
(tablets or liquid):

 Adults and
teenagers—1.34
milligrams (mg)
two times a day or
2.68 mg one to
three times a day as
needed.
 cyproheptadine
For oral dosage forms
(tablets or liquid):

 Adults and children

 Adults and
teenagers—2
milligrams (mg)
every four to six
hours as needed.
For long-acting oral
dosage form (tablets):

 Adults—4 or 6
milligrams (mg)
every eight to
twelve hours as
needed.
 Diphenhydramine
(Benadryl)
For oral dosage forms
(capsules, tablets, or
liquid):

 Adults and
teenagers—25 to
50 milligrams (mg)
every four to six
hours as needed.
For injection dosage
form:

 Adults—10 to 50
milligrams (mg)
injected into a
muscle or into a
vein.
 Hydroxyzine
(Atarax, Vistaril)
For oral dosage forms
(capsules, tablets, or
liquid):

 Adults—25 to 100
milligrams (mg)
three or four times
 a day as needed.
For injection dosage
form:

 Adults—25 to 100
milligrams (mg)
injected into a
muscle.
 Children 4 years of
age and older—1
mg per kg (0.45 mg
per pound) of body
weight injected into
a muscle.
 Doxylamine
For oral dosage form
(tablets):

 Adults—25
milligrams (mg)
thirty minutes
before bedtime if
needed.

 Benzodiazepines  Sedative- Enhance the Before using this  Drowsiness, fatigue,  Ethanol &  Alprazolam
 Disturbed Assess for the
hypnotics effect of the drug, tell your amnesia, confusion CNS (Xanax)
for sleep neurotransmitter doctor your  Ataxia depressants PO route tablet,0.25 thought mentioned
gamma- medical history,  Thrombosis/phlebitis (increase mg to 1 mg three times
 Adjuncts processes cautions and
aminobutyric especially of: at site of injection if depressant a day
to
acid (GABA) at liver or kidney given i.v. effects) Maximum 4 mg/day and contraindications
anesthesi
the GABAA disease, drug  Some drugs,
a to sensory (e.g. drug
receptor, allergies. Alcohol including  Chlordiazepoxid
 induce resulting in or other sedative- antidepressa (Librium) PO
perception allergies,
relaxatio sedative, type drugs can nts and oral Capsule 5 to 25
n and hypnotic (sleep- lead to extreme contraceptiv mg three times a related to hepatorenal
amnesia inducing), drowsiness. es, can cause day-four times a
(procedur anxiolytic (anti- a dangerous day CNS diseases,
al anxiety), Limit alcohol buildup of Maximum 100 mg/day effects psychosis,
memory anticonvulsant, consumption. medications.
loss) and muscle This can  Clonazepam  Disturbed glaucoma, etc.)
relaxant Elderly persons worsen the (Klonopin) PO sleep to prevent any
 To
properties. are usually more side effects Tablet 0.5 to 1 mg
reduce pattern untoward
sensitive to the of three times a day
anxiety
effects of this benzodiazep Maximum 20 related to complications.
(anxiolyti
medication. Use ines. mg/day
c) CNS
cautiously.
 Panic  Diazepam effects Perform a
disorders This medication (Valium)
 Risk for thorough
is not POTablet
 To treat
recommended for Liquid 5 to 25 mg physical
or injury
use during three times a day-
prevent assessment to
pregnancy. four times a related to
seizures
Day Maximum 40 establish
 For Discuss the risks mg/day CNS
alcohol and benefits with effects baseline data
withdraw your doctor.  Lorazepam before drug
al Since this (Ativan) PO Tablet
medication may Liquid 0.5 to 1 mg therapy begins,
 Muscle
appear in breast three times a day-four to determine
relaxant
milk, consult times a day
with your doctor effectiveness of
before breast-  Oxazepam (Serax) therapy, and to
feeding. PO Capsule 10 to
30 mg three times a evaluate for
day-four times a
occurrence of
day
Maximum 120 any adverse
mg/day
effects
 associated with
drug therapy.

Monitor results
of laboratory
tests (e.g. renal
and liver
functions tests,
complete blood
count (CBC),
etc.) to monitor
effectiveness of
the therapy and
provide prompt
treatment to
developing
complications.

 Carbonate
derivatives