Arch Orofac Sci print ISSN: 1823-8602 http://dental.usm.

my/aos/
13(Suppl1): 1-30 e-ISSN: 2231-7163

Archives of
Orofacial
Sciences
ABSTRACTS
CONFERENCE ON MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES
(2ND ICMHS-23RD NCMHS)
IN CONJUNCTION WITH 
2ND TRANSLATIONAL CRANIOFACIAL CONFERENCE
(2ND TCC)

26TH-27TH SEPTEMBER 2018

KOTA BHARU, KELANTAN, MALAYSIA

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Archives of Orofacial Sciences
www.dental.usm.my/aos/ © Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia. 2018
print ISSN: 1823-8602
e-ISSN: 2231-7163

Arch Orofac Sci (2018), 13(Suppl 1): 1-30.

ABSTRACTS: ICMHS 2018, 26-27 September 2018, Kota Bharu, Malaysia.

Objective: To determine the effects of an antioxidant, Tualang

ORAL: BASIC SCIENCES honey, on nociceptive behavior score, morphological changes
and malondialdehyde (MDA) level in thalamus of rat offspring
OB02 exposed to prenatal stress.
Methodology: Pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were
Tualang honey protects against hypoxia-induced randomised into control (C), stress (S) and stress treated with
hippocampal damage in adult male rats Tualang honey (SH) groups. The stress groups were subjected
Entesar Yaseen Abdo Qaid1, Zahiruddin Othman2, Nurul Aiman to repeated restraint stress from day 11 of pregnancy until
Mohd Yusof3, Shaida Fariza Sulaiman4, Rahimah Zakaria1 delivery. Adult male offspring (n=6 per group) were given
intraplantar injection of 1% formalin followed by behavioural
1
Dept. of Physiology, 2 Dept. of Psychiatry, 3 Dept. of Anatomy, testing. The rats were then sacrificed, and their brains were
School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health removed to assess the morphological changes and MDA level.
Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Nociceptive
4
Department of Biology, School of Biological Sciences, behaviour score was analysed using repeated measures
Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia. analysis of variance (ANOVA); Meanwhile, one-way ANOVA
✉: entesar.yaseen@yahoo.com was used to assess the neuron number and MDA level. The
significance level was taken as 0.05.
Introduction: Hypoxia induces hippocampal damage. The Results: The study demonstrated that nociceptive behaviour
effective natural therapeutic approach has not been much score and MDA level were significantly reduced (p<0.05) in SH
investigated. Interestingly, our previous research team has compared to S group. Morphological changes showed a
found that Tualang honey improves hippocampal damage in significant improvement in thalamic neuron number (p<0.05) in
ovariectomised rats. SH compared to S group. The results for SH group were not
Objective: To investigate the efficacy of Tualang honey in significantly different when compared to C group.
amelioration of hypoxia-induced hippocampal damage in adult Conclusion: These findings suggest that Tualang honey
male Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to normobaric hypoxia. reduced nociceptive behavior and inhibited changes in the
Methodology: The rats were divided into four groups (n=12 per morphology and MDA level in the thalamus of the rat offspring
group); i) Non-hypoxic treated with sucrose, ii) Non-hypoxic exposed to prenatal stress.
treated with Tualang honey, iii) Hypoxic treated with sucrose,
and iv) Hypoxic treated with Tualang honey. Oral Tualang honey
(0.2 g/kg body weight) and sucrose (1 mL of 7.9%) OB04
supplementations were given to the rats daily for 14 days. Then,
the rats were subjected to ~11% continuous hypoxia for 7 days. The role of Toll-like receptor-4 in inducible nitrogen oxide
The rats were anaesthetised with thiopental sodium (i.p. at a synthase expression and nitric oxide release by
dose of 30 mg/kg body weight). The right hemispheres were macrophages stimulated with recombinant BCG
fixed in 10% formalin for histological studies. The blood was expressing MSP-1C of Plasmodium falciparum
collected from inferior vena cava and centrifuged. Elisa test was Muhammad Adamu Abbas1,2, Rapeah Suppian1
performed to detect the level of corticosterone in the serum.
1
Results: The hypoxic rats treated with sucrose showed School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health
significant decrease in neuronal count and increase in Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
2
corticosterone level (p<0.05) when compared to non-hypoxia Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical
sucrose treated groups. Significant increase in neuronal count Sciences, Bayero University Kano, 3011, Kano, Nigeria.
and decrease in corticosterone level (p<0.05) were observed
in hypoxic rats treated with Tualang honey when compared to ✉: maabbas.mph@buk.edu.ng
sucrose treated rats. Introduction: Our laboratory had earlier developed a
Conclusion: The results suggest that pre-treatment with recombinant BCG (rBCG) expressing the MSP-1C of
Tualang honey has a therapeutic potential to protect against Plasmodium falciparum malaria vaccine candidate which
hypoxia-induced hippocampal damage possibly through its induced both humoral and cellular responses including the
antioxidant properties. production of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and the free
radical, nitric oxide (NO). Nitric oxide is both cytostatic and
OB03 cytotoxic to P. falciparum. The mechanism through which the
rBCG achieved these effects though not characterised, are
Effects of Tualang honey on thalamic changes following suggestive of roles played by pattern recognition receptors of the
formalin injection in prenatally stressed male rat offspring innate immune system such as Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4).
Hidani Hasim1, Siti Qusyasyiah Ahmad Suhaimi1, Che Objective: To determine the role of the TLR-4 signaling
Badariah Abd Aziz1, Mahaneem Mohamed1, Idris Long2, pathway in eliciting the expression of iNOS and subsequent
Rahimah Zakaria1 production of NO.
1 Methodology: Six groups of mice were injected with
School of Medical Sciences, 2 School of Health Sciences,
phosphate buffered saline (PBS), BCG or rBCG in the
Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang
presence or absence of a TLR-4 inhibitor; TAK-242, and the
Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
peritoneal macrophages were harvested and cultured. ELISA
✉: hyedani@gmail.com and Western blot analyses were then carried out to determine
NO production and iNOS expression.
Introduction: Exposure to prenatal stress might lead to Results: The expression of iNOS in rBCG-immunised mice
oxidative stress and contribute to alteration of the nociceptive was significantly higher (1.196 ± 0.003MRI), than BCG (0.955
responses in the offspring. ± 0.006MRI) and PBS (0.917 ± 0.003MRI) groups. These were

1
 
Arch Orofac Sci (2018), 13(Suppl 1): 1-30. Abstracts: ICMHS 2018 

3
significantly reduced by TAK-242, (p< 0.001, and mean School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health
difference -0.933), (p< 0.001, mean difference -0.670) and (p< Campus, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.
0.001, mean difference -0.706), respectively. Similarly, NO
production in rBCG-immunised mice (62.320 ± 0.891µm), BCG ✉: nikainanz@yahoo.com
(31.200 ± 0.923µm) and PBS (18.740 ± 0.375µm) was
Introduction: Cervical cancer is a leading cause of death in
significantly reduced by TAK-242, (p< 0.001, and mean
women, worldwide, and second in Malaysia. Nowadays,
difference -48.506), (p< 0.001, mean difference -20.779) and
traditional medicinal plants become popular alternative
(p< 0.001, mean difference -13.657), respectively.
treatment due to side effects of conventional treatment and
Conclusion: Our results presented evidence on the probable
easily available. Clinacanthus nutans has been locally
role of TLR-4/macrophage attachment mechanism in the
recognized for its medicinal properties and was claimed for
increased production of iNOS and NO by our rBCG expressing
cancer treatment. According to our pilot study, semipurified
MSP-1C of Plasmodium falciparum.
fraction (F1) of C. nutans has shown a potent inhibition on
human cervical cancer in in vitro culture.
OB05 Objective: To evaluate the antitumor effect of F1 against
human cervical carcinoma by using xenograft model.
Expression of the lysyl oxidase family in odontogenic
Methodology: Nude mice were subcutaneously inoculated
lesions
with human cervical cancer, SiHa cells. When tumor volume
Nawal Radhiah Abdul Rahman1,2, Benedict Seo2, Haizal Mohd reached 100 mm3, F1 was daily administered intraperitoneally
Hussaini2, Alison M Rich2 for 28 days. Cisplatin, an anticancer drug was used as positive
control and negative control received vehicle only. Blood was
1
Cluster of Craniofacial and Biomaterial Sciences, Advanced collected by cardiac puncture for assessment of aspartate
Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
Bertam, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. level.
2
Sir John Walsh Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Results: Findings showed that tumor size in F1-treated mice
Otago, New Zealand. were significantly reduced compared to negative control. Upon
F1 treatment, 43.74% of relative tumor growth ratio (T/C) and
✉: nawalradhiah@usm.my 0.64±0.03 of relative tumor volume (RTV) were calculated. F1
Introduction: Lysyl oxidase (LOX) and LOX-like (LOXL) 1-4 showed a good inhibition rate with more than 50% of tumor
are enzymes whose primary function is to maintain connective were suppressed. ALT and AST level in F1-treated mice were
tissue homeostasis, but they have been linked to aggressive remained in normal ranges compared to cisplatin group
behaviour in some cancers. indicating no sign of toxicity effects.
Objective: To investigate LOX family proteins and genes in Conclusion: F1 demonstrated inhibition suppression effect on
locally aggressive odontogenic lesions [ameloblastoma and growth of SiHa tumor transplanted in mice. Histopathological
odontogenic keratocyst (OKC)] in comparison with non- and mechanism of action studies of F1 are currently performing
aggressive odontogenic lesions [dentigerous cyst (DC) and to provide information for potentially being develop as
hyperplastic dental follicle (DF)] using immunohistochemistry anticancer drug.
(IHC) and quantitative reverse-transcriptase real-time
polymerase chain reaction (qRT2-PCR).
Methodology: For IHC, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded OB07
(FFPE) tissue samples of ameloblastoma (n = 10), OKC (n = Antioxidant potential and comparative studies of different
15), DC (n = 6) and DF (n = 9) were stained with antibodies types of honeys
against LOX family. Automated quantitative assessment of
digitised IHC images was performed using Fiji Software (Image Noorul Izzati Hanafi1, Teow Ee Jin1, Pasupuleti Visweswara
J 1.51K). For qRT2-PCR, RNA samples from FFPE tissue Rao1,2
sections of ameloblastoma, OKC and DC were used. 1
Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan,
Results: Significant reduction of LOXL3 was observed in
17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia.
ameloblastoma at both protein and gene levels. The 2
Institute of Food Security and Sustainable Agriculture,
expression of LOX family genes and proteins in DC showed a Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia.
significant variation compared with ameloblastoma and OKC,
whereas the protein expression patterns were similar between ✉: visweswara@umk.edu.my
ameloblastoma and DF.
Conclusion: LOX family expression was distinct in aggressive Introduction: Honey is commonly used as a natural
odontogenic lesions compared with non-aggressive sweetener. Recently, extensive studies on honey have
odontogenic lesions, particularly DC. Variable LOX family reported the potential benefits of honey as an antioxidant.
expression between ameloblastoma and OKC may be a Objective: To determine the total antioxidant content
reflection of the differences in the pathogenesis and biological differences between Tualang 1, Tualang 2, Manuka, Taiwan,
behaviour of these lesions. Similarities of LOX family Sialang and Apicalis honeys from different regions.
expression observed in ameloblastoma and DF may reflect Methodology: Physical characteristics such as pH, moisture
molecular dedifferentiation of ameloblastoma toward more content, colour, electric conductivity, total dissolved solids and
rudimentary state. antioxidant properties through DPPH and FRAP methods;
phenolic and flavonoid content of seven honeys samples have
been studied.
OB06 Results: The phenolic content of the honeys ranged between
Suppression effect of semipurified fraction from 25.33 ± 2.27 mg (Sialang) and 97.05 ± 1.06 mg GAE/kg
Clinacanthus nutans on xenograft model for human (Tualang 1); while flavonoid content ranged between 46.22 ±
cervical cancer 9.62 mg (Sialang) and 111.78 ± 5.09 mg CEQ/kg (Tualang 1).
The antioxidant activity through DPPH radical scavenging
Nik Aina Syazana Nik Zainuddin1, Yusmazura Zakaria1, Hussin activity revealed the range starting with 28.89 ± 0.66%
Muhammad2, Nik Fakhuruddin Nik Hassan1, Nor Hayati Othman3 (Taiwan), and 84.94 ± 0.69% (Tualang 1); while FRAP assay
1
showed the results ranged between 211.79 ± 14.55 µm Fe (II)
School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health for Sialang and 947.24 ± 27.43 µm Fe (II) for Tualang 1. A
Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. positive correlation was found between total phenolic content
2
Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical (TPC) and DPPH activity (r= 0.912) as well as FRAP activity
Research (IMR), 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. (r= 0.908) and positive correlation between total flavonoids
content (TFC) and DPPH activity (r= 0.924) as well as FRAP

2 
 
Abstracts: ICMHS 2018 Arch Orofac Sci (2018), 13(Suppl 1): 1-30.

activity (r= 0.712). A p-value less than 0.05 is considered as Methodology: Fifty extracted intact human permanent
significant. incisors were decoronated, and chemomechanical
Conclusion: The current study revealed that Tualang 1 preparation of the root canal was performed. After
honey exhibited the highest antioxidant activity and this sterilization of the samples, they were inoculated with pure
further indicates that it may be used as the potential culture of E. faecalis and incubated. Following incubation,
antioxidant. colony forming units were recorded before the placement of
medicaments. Then, the samples were divided randomly into
three groups (n=15). Each group was subsequently exposed
OB08 to different intracanal medicaments. The antibacterial
effectiveness of different intracanal medicaments was
Cytotoxicity of Catharanthus roseus-silver nanoparticles recorded by determining the percentage reduction in colony
on human liver cancer cell line HepG2 count (%RCC) at the end of day 1, 2, and 7. The data were
Nur Asna Azhar, Siti Zulaikha Ghozali, Nor Hazwani Ahmad statistically analysed using one-way analysis of variance and
Turkey Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) post hoc test.
Oncological & Radiological Sciences Cluster, Advanced Results: The highest %RCC was propolis and P. betle
Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, extract showed 100% reduction at 24 hours. Calcium
Bertam, 13200 Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia. hydroxide showed a gradual increase in antibacterial activity
with maximum reduction of 82.6% on day 7.
✉: nurasnaazhar@gmail.com Conclusion: Ethanolic extracts of propolis and P. betle were
Introduction: The limitation of conventional cancer therapy more effective than calcium hydroxide against E. faecalis at
includes non-selective cytotoxicity, severe adverse effects 24 and 48 hours period and both were equally effective at 7
and less effectiveness in targeting the site area. Application days.
of silver nanoparticles serve as a new approach in cancer
treatment due to its unique characteristics. The use of plant
products for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles is OB10
advantageous since they are easily accessible, non-toxic and Effect of natural lipid liposomes on mice bone marrow
produce quicker reaction compared to other green methods. derived-dendritic cells
Objective: To evaluate the cytotoxicity of biosynthesized
Catharanthus roseus-silver nanoparticles on human liver Nur Ellene Mat Luwi1, Suhana Ahmad1, Rohimah Mohamud1,
cancer (HepG2) cells. Armando Acosta2, Maria Elena Sarmiento2, Norazmi Mohd
Methodology: The anti-proliferative activity of Catharanthus Nor2, Ramlah Kadir1
roseus-silver nanoparticles was measured using MTS assay. 1
Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences,
The cytotoxic effects were further evaluated by measuring
Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang
nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The
Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
mechanism of cell death was determined using assays of 2
School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia,
annexin-FITC/propidium iodide, mitochondrial membrane
Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
potential (MMP) and cell cycle.
Results: Catharanthus roseus-silver nanoparticles inhibited ✉: nurellene@gmail.com 
the proliferation of HepG2 cells in a time-dependent manner
with median IC50 value of 35µg/mL. The concentration of Introduction: Liposomes are lipid based-nanoparticles,
nitrite and ROS were significantly higher than the control. The mainly composed of synthetic or naturally derived-
cell death was due to apoptosis associated with MMP loss phospholipid with mixed lipid chain. Due to their lower cost,
and cell cycle arrest. biocompatible and biodegradable properties, much attention
Conclusion: The findings show that Catharanthus roseus- is devoted to them as potential carriers for targeted delivery
silver nanoparticles produced cytotoxic effects on HepG2 in biomedical research. They were studied for their adjuvant
cells and thus may have a potential to be used in anticancer effects with dendritic cells (DCs), with unique capacity of
treatment, particularly for hepatocellular carcinoma. Further stimulating primary immune responses.
studies are required to confirm its selective cytotoxicity Objective: To investigate the effects of liposomes derived
between normal and cancer cells. from Mycobacterium smegmatis (Ms) on DCs.
Methodology: Liposomes were synthesized from total lipid
of Ms and characterized by scanning electron microscopy
OB09 (SEM). Bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) were
generated and cultured with growth monocytes colony
In-vitro study of antibacterial properties of propolis and stimulating factor (GM-CSF) to obtain mature BMDCs. The
Piper betle towards Enterococcus faecalis recognition and internalization of BMDCs were observed and
Nur Awanis Mohamed Alang, Huwaina Abd. Ghani, Suharni analyzed with FACS analysis, SEM and confocal microscopy
Mohamad after 24 hours exposure with liposomes.
Results: SEM images of liposomes showing the spherical
School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health structures with average size between 20nm - 80nm that can
Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. be classified as small unilamellar vesicles. For the cell
surface staining of surface marker, the percentage of CD86+
✉: awanisalang@gmail.com surface marker was increase in the BMDCs that were
Introduction: Enterococcus faecalis is the main exposed to liposomes compared to the BMDCs without
microorganism found in root canal treatment failures and its liposomes (p<0.01), but the level of expression was lower for
role in endodontic infections remained as a major obstacle in CD11c+. SEM and confocal microscopy images have shown
root canal therapy. With the increasing resistance of E. the uptake of liposomes and it was internalized by BMDCs.
faecalis towards calcium hydroxide, a widely used root canal Conclusion: We successfully synthesized natural liposomes
therapy medicament, consideration of natural products such derived from total lipid of Ms before introducing to BMDCs.
as propolis and P. betle as alternative intracanal medicament Therefore, liposomes derived from total lipid of Ms were
is appropriate. taken up and internalized by BMDCs with a purpose of
Objective: To evaluate and compare the antibacterial initiating and modulating the immune responses.
efficacy of propolis and P. betle extract against E. faecalis
within the time interval factor involved (24 hours, 48 hours, 7
days).

3 
 
Arch Orofac Sci (2018), 13(Suppl 1): 1-30. Abstracts: ICMHS 2018 

OB11 macroscopic appearance and then wound contraction

percentage was calculated.
Elevated expression of VE-Cadherin in stem cells from Results: Both 6% ethanol-water and ethanol extracts showed
exfoliated deciduous teeth following migratory and almost similar effect in wound contraction with 82.5% and
angiogenic induction protocol 82.32% respectively at the end of the experimental period (12th
Nur Syazwani Aziz, Azlina Ahmad, Norhayati Yusop day) and is comparable with the positive control group (82.3%).
PBS negative control group showed the lowest wound
School of Dental Sciences, USM Health Campus, 16150 contraction percentage with 69.86%.
Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. Conclusion: This preliminary study shows the wound healing
potential of A. longiloba Miq. petiole extracts and the 6% of
✉: norhayatiyusop@usm.my ethanol-water and ethanol extracts showed the highest wound
Introduction: Stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth contraction percentage efficiency. Further studies are needed
(SHED) exhibit a great potential benefit for cell-based therapy to understand its mechanism of action.
and tissue repair. Vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin is an
angiogenic surface marker that controls the adherent junction
OB13
during angiogenesis and reacts with fibrin during migration.
However, the behaviour of SHED undergoing angiogenesis, in Detection of cell senescence in stem cells from human
term of its migratory capacity and gene expression pattern exfoliated deciduous teeth and oral squamous cell
have not been fully understood. carcinoma HSC-2
Objective: To assess the differential gene expression of SHED
following angiogenesis and migratory induction. On Shi Hao, Wafa’ binti Zahari, Wan Nazatul Shima Shahidan,
Methodology: VEGF was supplemented as angiogenic Khairul Bariah Ahmad Amin Noordin
factors to in-vitro cultured SHED to form endothelial cells.
School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health
Scratch test assay was performed to determine the rate of cell
Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
migration. RNA samples were extracted at 1, 3, 7, 10 and 14
days following angiogenic induction and Transwell migration ✉: kbariah@usm.my
assay protocol. Samples were further analysed by RT-PCR for
detection of stem cell markers, migration markers and Introduction: Senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA
endothelial markers. β-gal), a biomarker of cellular senescence, is a useful
Results: VE-cadherin was found to be upregulated throughout 14 marker for detection of senescent cells in vitro.
days angiogenic induction of SHED. Further comparison made Objective: To investigate cell senescence in early and late
between groups demonstrated higher expression of migratory passages of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous
markers in control group as opposed to those of without migration. teeth (SHED) and oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line
Hence, SHED undergoing angiogenesis is postulated to have (HSC-2), by histochemical detection of SA β-gal activity.
much lower capacity to migrate to the healing site. Methodology: HSC-2 cell line was cultured to obtain
Conclusion: Further investigation is needed to understand the passages 10, 15, 20 and 25, while SHED was cultured to
cellular biology of SHED to plan a strategic approach in obtain passages 13, 15, 20, and 23. A total of 100x10 3 cells
accelerating tissue repair processes. were seeded in 6-well plate prior to staining. In addition, as
a positive control for senescence detection, cells of
passage 13 from both cell types, were treated with
OB12 hydrogen peroxide. Both cell types were stained with
Senescence Cells Histochemical Staining Kit (Sigma
Wound healing effect of petiole extracts of keladi candik Aldrich, USA) according to the manufacturer’s protocols.
(Alocasia longiloba Miq.) in rat model The number of blue stained cells expressing SA β-gal within
Nurul Hazirah Che Hamzah1, Arifullah Mohammed1,2, KNS five randomly selected fields in each well were counted
Sirajudeen3, Zulhazman Hamzah4, Zulhisyam Abdullah Kari1 under an inverted microscope. The percentages of the SA
β-gal were then calculated.
1
Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Results: The percentages of stained HSC-2 cell line were
Jeli Campus, 17600 Jeli, Kelatan. passage 10 (11.0%), passage 15 (9.9%), passage 20
2
Global Entrepreneurship Research and Innovation Centre, (26.5%) and passage 25 (24.7%). As for SHED: passage
Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, City Campus, Pengkalan Chepa, 13 (5.3%), passage 15 (11.0%), passage 20 (17.2%) and
16100, Kota Bharu, Kelantan. passage 23 (35.1%). There was a significant increment
3
Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical (p<0.05) in the percentages of stained cells for both cell
Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150-Kubang Kerian, lines when early and late passages were compared.
Kelantan, Malaysia. Conclusion: Our results support the theory where normal
4
Faculty of Sains Bumi, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, 17600 and cancerous cells experience senescence after repeated
Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia. cell division.

✉: aurifullah@umk.edu.my, sirajuden@usm.my
Introduction: Alocasia longiloba Miq. is a plant traditionally OB14
used to treat various skin disorders such as wound. However, Effect of common medicaments on stem cell viability and
there is still lack of scientific evidence to prove its wound their attachment to irrigated dentin: An in vitro study
healing effect.
Objective: To evaluate the wound-healing effect of different Samiya Riaz, Aung Thu Htun, Azlina Ahmad
solvent petiole extracts of A. longiloba Miq. in full thickness
excision wounds in rats. School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health
Methodology: Twenty-two male Sprague-dawley rats (180- Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
200 g) were divided into eleven groups of n=2/group as follows: ✉: dr_samiya80@yahoo.com
10% Solcoseryl gel treated group as positive control,
phosphate buffer saline (PBS) treated group as negative Introduction: Regenerative endodontics is a new treatment
control and ethanol-water, ethanol and hexane petiole extracts modality for immature permanent teeth with necrotic pulp.
of A. longiloba Miq. treated groups at 1.5%, 3% and 6% doses Chemical irrigation followed by intracanal medicaments such
of each extracts respectively. A full thicknesses wounds (6 mm) as calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) and double antibiotic paste
was created on the dorsal of the rat’s skin. The wound (DAP) promotes ingress of stem cells. This results in renewal
contraction was photographed on day 1, day 6 and day 12 by of pulp vitality and further root maturation. Ideally these

4 
 
Abstracts: ICMHS 2018 Arch Orofac Sci (2018), 13(Suppl 1): 1-30.

medicaments should be dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) friendly ✉: sitinazira9537@gmail.com

and promote cell attachment to dentine.
Objective: To compare the effects of Ca(OH)2 and DAP on Introduction: Acne vulgaris is a very common skin disease
DPSC attachment to irrigated radicular dentin. and may cause psychological morbidities such as depression,
Methodology: Thirty dental chips (4x4 mm) were irrigated with anxiety, low self-esteem, and unemployment. Current
2.5% sodium hypochlorite followed by normal saline rinse. treatments do not achieve the desired effects and are often
Group 1 dental chips (n=10) were treated with DAP 1mg/ml, associated with adverse effects. A natural product such as
Group 2 (n=10) with 500mg/ml Ca(OH)2 and Group 3 (n=10) Cymbopogon nardus is an alternative treatment based on its
with no medicament as controls. After 4 weeks’ incubation, the antimicrobial activity reported. However, the study on its
samples were rinsed finally with normal saline. Samples were activity against Propionibacterium acne is still lacked.
immersed in neutral phosphate buffer saline (PBS) at room Objective: To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of
temperature for one hour. DPSC from passage 7- 8 were Cymbopogon nardus against Propionibacterium acnes.
seeded onto the samples and allowed to attach to the dentinal Methodology: Screening of antimicrobial activity of
surface. Presto blue viability assay was performed on day 1, 3 Cymbopogon nardus against Propionibacterium acnes was
and 7. Data were analysed for stem cell viability. After 7 days, evaluated by using agar well diffusion assay.
samples were prepared for SEM imaging and analysed to Results: The result shown that inhibitory effect of positive
appreciate the attachment of stem cell to irrigated dentin. control, 10% benzoyl peroxide was 28mm and negative
Results: Ca(OH)2 treated samples showed significantly better control, DMSO was 6mm. The inhibitory effect of Cymbopogon
cell viability and attachment of DPSC compared to the DAP nardus against Propionibacteium acnes were 21mm for
treated samples (p<0.05). 50.00% concentration, 16mm for 25.00% concentration, 12mm
Conclusion: Dentin conditioning with Ca(OH)2 significantly for 12.50% concentration, 11mm for 6.25% concentration in
promotes DPSC survival, proliferation and attachment to the which it decreases constantly with the concentration of
dentinal surface. Cymbopogon nardus essential oil.
Conclusion: The antimicrobial activity of Cymbopogon nardus
has been demonstrated and further clinical studies are needed
OB15
to ascertain the use of Cymbopogon nardus as an alternative
Inhibition of airway inflammation and remodelling by treatment for acne vulgaris.
Lignosus rhinocerus extract in murine model of chronic
asthma
OB17
Siti Aminah Muhamad, Sabreena Safuan, Wan Amir Nizam
Wan Ahmad, Nurul Asma Abdullah Immunomodulatory properties of gold nanoparticles on
human peripheral blood mononuclear cells of asthmatic
School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health and healthy individuals
Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
Suhana Ahmad1,2, Nor Azrini Azid1,2, Nur Ellene Mat Luwi1,2,
✉: nurulasma@usm.my Ramlah Kadir1,2, Lim Jit Kang3, Rohimah Mohamud1,2
Introduction: Asthma is a chronic airway disease characterized 1
Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences,
by airway remodelling, leading to a progressive decline in lung Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang
function. Current medications are effective, but these drugs are
Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
mostly steroid-based which have various side effects. Thus, 2
natural products should be explored as a safer alternative for the Hospital USM, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia,
management of asthma. Lignosus rhinocerus or locally known 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
3
as Tiger Milk Mushroom has been used in treating various Department of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus,
diseases including asthma by the local communities in Malaysia. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Seri Ampangan, 14300 Nibong
However, there is scarce information on its efficacy on chronic Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
asthma.
Objective: To determine the anti-asthmatic activity of L. ✉: suhanaahmad1207@gmail.com
rhinocerus in a chronic airway inflammation model.
Methods: Female Balb/C mice were sensitized on day 0 and 7 Introduction: Mechanism of immune disorders such as
and subsequently challenged three times per week with asthma and dendritic cells (DCs), the sentinel of immune
ovalbumin (OVA) for 2, 6 and 10 weeks. Lignosus rhinocerus responses, has been well established. Targeting this particular
extract (LRE) treatment (125, 250 and 500mg/kg) and
cell population for immunotherapy has received great interests.
dexamethasone (3mg/kg) were given upon the challenged.
Another group of mice were left for 2 weeks without any further Gold nanoparticles (NPs) with their advantages such as
allergen challenged (12 weeks). Lungs were collected for customisable size, extensive surface functionalities and low
analyses of inflammation level, mucus secretion and α-smooth cytotoxicity have been proposed as a highly potential tool to
muscle actin (α -SMA). target DCs. Studies in human DCs showed varied effects of
Results: OVA sensitization and chronic challenge had increased gold NPs to DCs, in terms of the antigen uptake and further T
the level of inflammation, mucus secretion and α-SMA cell responses.
expression in the lung tissues. 125mg/kg of LRE treatment
effectively attenuated the leukocytes infiltration and goblet cell Objectives: To investigate the effects of gold NPs on
hyperplasia in the peribronchial regions of the lung tissues as peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in healthy and
well as decrease the smooth muscle cell hypertrophy. asthmatic individuals by assessing the expression of antigen
Conclusion: The study indicates that LRE could be a potential presenting cells; particularly DCs upon exposure to two
alternative for the management of chronic asthma. different sizes of gold NPs.
Methodology: The cultured PBMCs were analysed with flow
OB16 cytometry according to the expressions of CD11b, CD11c,
Antimicrobial activity of Malaysian Cymbopogon nardus CD86, CD103 and MHCII. Phenotyping of DCs was also
against Propionibacterium acnes performed.
Results: Conventional DCs (cDCs), identified as MHCIIhigh
Siti Nazira Zubaidi, Tuan Nadrah Naim Tuan Ismail
CD11chigh, showed an increased pattern in asthmatics group
School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health compared to controls. A subpopulation of CD11b+CD103+
Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. DCs, showed a reduced pattern suggesting an imbalance of

5 
 
Arch Orofac Sci (2018), 13(Suppl 1): 1-30. Abstracts: ICMHS 2018 

2
immunological responses in asthma. Upon exposure to gold Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains
NPs (15 nm and 100 nm), a significant reduction of activated Malaysia, Bertam, 13200 Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang,
DCs was observed in asthmatics group compared to healthy Malaysia.
3
Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences,
controls, without altering CD11b+CD103+ DCs.
Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kelantan, Malaysia.
Conclusion: These observations suggest the key role of DCs
in the pathophysiology of asthma. An exposure to gold ✉: kahkeng@usm.my
nanoparticles provides a protective effect by suppression of
pro-inflammatory DCs. Further functional studies are essential Introduction: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an
to understand the effects of gold NPs in regulating immune aggressive form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), and the
responses for the potential in immunotherapies. INK4 family includes p15, p16, p18 and p19 proteins.
Objective: To validate an anti-p18 antibody specific for p18
without cross-reactivity with its family members, and to utilise
OB18
the antibody for immunohistochemistry (IHC) in DLBCL patient
Combination of Malaysian propolis and metformin cases. The potential functions of p18 in DLBCL were explored
ameliorates histological changes and inflammation in the through bioinformatics analysis.
testis of diabetic rats Methodology: IHC was conducted in human reactive tonsils.
Western blotting (WB) was conducted on INK4 family of
Victor Udo Nna1,4, Ainul Bahiyah Abu Bakar1, Azlina Ahmad3, transfectants overexpressing p15, p16, p18 or p19 (pCMV6-
Mahaneem Mohamed1,2 DDK-tagged TrueORF clone). WB of p18 protein in DLBCL cell
1
Department of Physiology, 2Unit of Integrative Medicine, lines (n=8), IHC of local series of DLBCL cases (n=31) and
School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 bioinformatics analysis were conducted.
Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. Results: The anti-p18 monoclonal antibody (mAb) clone
3
Basic Science and Oral Biology Unit, School of Dental 18P118 (mAb-18P118) yielded specific staining of the germinal
Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, centre (GC) and plasma cells. WB showed that mAb-18P118
Kelantan, Malaysia. detected p18 without cross-reactivity with other INK4 family
4
Department of Physiology, College of Medical Sciences, members. IHC of DLBCL cases (n=31) with mAb-18P118
University of Calabar, P.M.B. 1115 Calabar, Nigeria. showed that median p18 frequency (75%) or intensity
(moderate) was not significantly predictive of overall or
✉: victornna@student.usm.my progression-free survival. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis
in a microarray dataset obtained from Gene Expression
Introduction: Propolis has an anti-inflammatory property, and Omnibus database (ID: GSE10846) showed that genes
inflammation has been reported to play a significant role in involved in cell cycle progression and mitosis were most
diabetes mellitus (DM)-induced testicular impairment, thus significantly and inversely-correlated with p18 expression in
adversely affecting male fertility potential. DLBCL cases (n=350; FDR<0.001).
Objective: In this study, we examined the effects of Malaysian Conclusion: p18 potentially plays a role in suppressing the cell
propolis, metformin and their combination on histology and cycle progression in DLBCL. However, it is not predictive of
inflammatory markers in the testis of diabetic rats. survival in DLBCL cases and further studies in independent
Methodology: Thirty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were series of DLBCL cases are recommended.
randomly assigned into 5 groups (n = 6/group), namely: normal
control (NC), diabetic control (DC), diabetic on MP (D+MP),
diabetic on metformin (D+Met) and diabetic on MP and Met
(D+MP+Met). Diabetes was induced using a single
intraperitoneal streptozotocin (60 mg/kg b.w.) injection. MP ORAL: CLINICAL & HEALTH SCIENCES
(300 mg/kg b.w./day) and Met (300 mg/kg b.w./day) were given
by oral gavage for four weeks. OC01
Results: Histological observations revealed significant
decreases (p<0.001) in seminiferous tubular diameter and Tracking the hippocampal-prefrontal cortex connectivity
epithelial height, and a significant increase (p<0.001) in using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging probabilistic
number of seminiferous tubules with germ cell loss in DC tractography: A pilot study
group, relative to NC group. mRNA transcript levels and
immunostaining showed significant (p<0.001) up-regulation of Aimi Nadhiah Abdullah1, Asma Hayati Ahmad1, Rahimah
nuclear factor kappa B [NF-kB(p65)], inducible nitric oxide Zakaria1, Sofina Tamam2
synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor alpha and 1
Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences,
interleukin(IL)-1β, and significant down-regulation of IL-10 in Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang
the testis of DC group, relative to NC group. Following Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
intervention with MP, Met or their combination, mRNA and 2
Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam
immunostaining of pro-inflammatory markers reduced Malaysia, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
significantly, while IL-10 increased significantly relative to DC
group, with the best outcome observed in D+MP+Met group. ✉: nadhiahaimi@gmail.com
Conclusion: Malaysian propolis ameliorates DM-induced
alterations in testicular morphometry and decreases Introduction: Neuroimaging studies have delineated
inflammation, and these beneficial effects are better when functional connectivity between hippocampus and prefrontal
combined with metformin. cortex (PFC) sub serving cognitive functions and emotional
control behaviour. However, less is known about the structural
connectivity between hippocampus and the subdivisions of
OB19 PFC and whether the functional connectivity is achieved
through direct or indirect structural pathways.
Expression profiles and the potential roles of p18 in Objective: To characterize the white matter connectivity
diffuse large B-cell lymphoma between hippocampus and subdivisions of PFC using diffusion
magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) and probabilistic
Suet Kee Loo1, Ewe Seng Ch’ng2, Md Salzihan Md Salleh3,
tractography in healthy individuals.
Mustaffa Musa1, Kah Keng Wong1
Methodology: Five healthy males aged between 18 to 65
1
Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, years underwent dMRI and structural MRI to acquire diffusion-
Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia. weighted and T1-weighted brain images. Probabilistic
tractography using FMRIB Software Library (FSL) was

6 
 
Abstracts: ICMHS 2018 Arch Orofac Sci (2018), 13(Suppl 1): 1-30.

performed to track the relative connection probability between Objective: To evaluate mental health status and dental caries
hippocampus and six subdivisions of PFC, namely dorsolateral experience among adult patients attending outpatient dental
PFC, ventrolateral PFC, orbitofrontal cortex, frontopolar cortex, clinic in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia.
ventromedial PFC and dorsomedial PFC. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study involving 106
Results: We found different relative connection probabilities adult patients who attended the outpatient dental clinic.
between hippocampus and the PFC subdivisions, with the Sociodemographic profiles were obtained, and mental health
highest connection probability between hippocampus and status was evaluated using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress
orbitofrontal cortex. Scales (DASS-21) questionnaire. Clinical oral examination was
Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that highest connection conducted to determine the caries experience using the
probability is to the orbitofrontal cortex, which is involved in decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) index.
encoding and retrieval activity during memory processes. Results: Majority of the patients were Malay (92.5%), female
(60.4%) and young adults (73.0%). The prevalence of
OC02 moderate to extremely severe symptoms of depression,
anxiety and stress was found in 5.7% (95% CI:1.2-10.1), 19.8%
Prevalence and patterns of impacted teeth in Malaysian (95% CI:12.2-27.5) and 6.6% (95% CI:1.8-11.4) of the patients
population using orthopantomogram (OPG) and cone respectively. The median (IQR) of the caries experience was
beam computed tomography (CBCT) 7.0 (IQR=7). There was significantly higher caries experience
in normal/mild (9.0) compared to moderate/severe/extremely
Ainaa Mardhiyah Syed Mubarak, Asilah Yusof, Ramizu Shaari severe (5.0) group of anxiety symptoms (p-value <0.05).
School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains However, there were no difference of caries experience
Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150 Kelantan, Malaysia. between the group of depression symptoms and stress
symptoms.
✉: asilah@usm.my Conclusion: The prevalence of symptoms of depression,
anxiety and stress among the patients were low with high
Introduction: Knowledge of prevalence and patterns of dental caries experience. Even though screening of mental
impacted teeth in Malaysian population is essential in health is not warranted in primary dental settings, but it would
facilitating their diagnosis and management. be beneficial to check on oral health status in mental health
Objective: To determine the prevalence and patterns of clinic settings.
impacted teeth in Malaysian population using
orthopantomogram (OPG) and cone beam computed
tomography (CBCT). OC04
Methodology: One thousand two hundred OPG of 18 to 40
years old subjects were examined to determine the prevalence Preliminary research of correlation between pulp chamber
of impacted tooth. Five hundred CBCT of the same aged volume of mandibular third molar and chronological age
subjects were examined to determine the patterns of impaction on Deutero-Malay subrace population
which include the angulations and depth of impactions.
Planmeca Promax 3D and Planmeca Romexis 2.9.2 software Fahmi Oscandar1,2, Zainul Ahmad Rajion1, Norliza Ibrahim3,
(Planmeca Oy, Helsinki, Finland) were used to obtain CBCT Sudradjat Supian4, Cynthia Ngo Zhe Xiin5, Yuti Malinda6
images and performed measurements respectively. 1
School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health
Results: Almost 30% (n=356) of subjects showed at least one Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
impacted tooth. The prevalence of impaction was significantly 2
Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Department-Forensic
higher (p<0.05) in the mandible (154/356 = 43.3%) than in the Odontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran,
maxilla (40/356 = 11.2%). There is no significant difference of Bandung, West Java, Indonesia.
tooth impaction between the sexes (X2, p=0.73). About 24.6% 3
Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty
(n= 72) of the impacted teeth were mandibular right third of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Wilayah Persekutuan
molars with mesio-angular impaction and Level B depth of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
impaction i.e. the level of the most coronal aspect of the 4
Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas
impacted teeth located between the cementoenamel junction Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia.
(CEJ) and occlusal surface of adjacent mesial tooth, being the 5
Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West
most common. Java, Indonesia.
Conclusion: The prevalence of impacted teeth was high in 6
Oral Biology-Microbiology Department-Forensic Odontology,
Malaysian population with mandibular third molars being the Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West
most common. CBCT has the added advantage of facilitating Java, Indonesia.
accurate analysis of the patterns of impaction which will greatly
aid clinicians in the management of impacted teeth. ✉: fahmi.oscandar@fkg.unpad.ac.id
Introduction: Teeth are the hardest structures in human
OC03 body hence they are considered as one of the most reliable
identification media in forensic sciences. Due to the
Depression, anxiety and stress status and dental caries deposition of the secondary dentin, the volume of the pulp
experience among adult patients attending outpatient decreases with age.
dental clinic in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia Objective: To analyse the correlation between pulp
chamber volume of mandibular third molar and
Cheryl Yip Ying Ling1, Zainab Mat Yudin1,2, Normastura Abd chronological age in Deutero-Malay subrace population.
Rahman1,2 Methodology: The analytical research design was done on
1
School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 173
Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. mandibular third molars of Deutero-Malay patients by using
2
Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, the method of purposive non-random sampling technique
Kelantan, Malaysia. from secondary data in the oral and maxillofacial radiology
installation in the Dental Hospital, Faculty of Dentistry,
✉: drzainab@usm.my Padjadjaran University. The inclusion criteria of the subjects
are intact mandibular third molars with no caries, no
Introduction: Poor oral health is common amongst people excessive tooth wear, no pulpal calcification and no dental
with severe mental illness and remains as a largely forgotten restoration. DICOM data of CBCT images were processed
problem in the community. using a three-dimensional segmentation application ITK-

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Arch Orofac Sci (2018), 13(Suppl 1): 1-30. Abstracts: ICMHS 2018 

SNAP v3.6.0. The data were analysed statistically with Introduction: Malocclusion is an important health issue
Pearson correlation and results were obtained. throughout the world. Epidemiological studies of
Result: The correlation value (r) is -0.963, -0.970, -0.980 malocclusion reported a high prevalence of this condition in
for male, female, male and female respectively. The results different countries and it seems that malocclusion and
showed that there is a very strong and significant orthodontic treatment need become a health care issue and
relationship between chronological age and pulp chamber subsequently a quality of life problem. Malocclusion can
volume (Sig. 0.000 value < α = 0.05). cause difficulties in oral hygiene, chewing, swallowing,
Conclusion: The study shows that there is a correlation speech, breathing, and predisposition for oral habits that can
between pulp chamber volume of mandibular third molar result in pain and discomforts.
and chronological age in the Deutero-Malay subrace Objective: To determine the impact of malocclusion on oral
population. health related quality of life (OHRQoL) among 13 to 16 years
old Malay school children.
Methodology: To assess the OHRQoL of children, Malay
OC05 version of OHIP-14 was used. This questionnaire has 14
questions with seven domains which are functional limitation,
Dental caries and oral health care challenges among psychological discomfort, physical pain, physical disability,
learning disabled children in northeast Peninsular psychological and social disability, and handicap. A 5- point
Malaysia Likert system is used in Malay version. Overall score can
Loi Tek Pei1, Nur Karyatee Kassim1,3, Normastura Abd range between 0 to 56. Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need
Rahman1,3, Muhammad Hafiz Hanafi2,3 Dental Health Component (IOTN DHC) was used to assess
the orthodontic treatment need.
1
School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Results: Females had higher mean score of OHIP-14 than
Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. male (p<0.05). A weak positive correlation was found
2
Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, between malocclusion severity and OHRQoL (p<0.01).
Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Malocclusion had a negative impact on OHRQoL of the
Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. students in the present study. This impact was prominent in
3
Hospital USM, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, psychological discomfort and psychological disability
16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. domains of OHIP-14 (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Increase in severity of malocclusion caused a
✉: tekpei_23@hotmail.com negative impact on OHRQoL. Females exhibited more
Introduction: Dental caries affects learning disabled (LD) negative impact of malocclusion on their OHRQoL.
children. Therefore, oral health awareness among their Psychological domain was the most affected one.
caregivers is imperative to maintain optimal oral health.
Objective: To determine caries experience of LD children, oral
health knowledge, attitude, practice (OHKAP) and problems OC07
encountered by caregivers during tooth brushing. The limitation of root pulp visibility for age estimation
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 65 in young adults
caregivers and their LD children aged 6 to 12 years old in
Hospital USM, Kelantan. Caries experience for permanent and Ng Aik Gee1, Mohd Fadhli Khamis1,2
deciduous teeth of LD children was determined through 1
School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia,
decayed missing filled teeth (DMFT) and decayed filled teeth
Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
(dft) indices. OHKAP and problems encountered by caregivers 2
Forensic Odontology Unit, Hospital Universiti Sains
were assessed using validated questionnaires.
Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
Results: Most LD children were Malay (90.8%), male (84.6%),
with mean age of 9.2 ± 2 years, while mean age of their ✉: fadhli@usm.my
caregivers was 40.6 ± 6 years. Median DMFT(IQR) was 1.5(4.7)
and dft was 1.0 (6.0). Majority caregivers had acceptable Introduction: Age estimation in adults for legal purposes
knowledge on causes, signs and prevention of caries and has been a daunting task to forensic odontologist. Post
periodontal disease. About 50.8% of caregivers thought their development method relied on physiological changes in
children’s oral health was good but only 8% practiced regular tooth structures. Among several structural changes that
dental visit. Most LD children (84.6%) brushed on their own, were commonly used, root pulp visibility has been
using children’s toothbrush and fluoridated toothpaste (89.2%). proposed. This raises a question of the timing when the
Amongst 41.5% caregivers who encountered problem during earliest detectable changes in root pulp visibility among
tooth brushing, 23.1% reported their child liked to close mouth young adults occur.
and 13.8% turned head away. Objective: To investigate the earliest age where root pulp
Conclusion: Caries experience among LD children was visibility changes are detectable in young adults.
relatively low. Caregivers’ oral health knowledge and attitude Methodology: One thousand and nineteen
were acceptable but oral health practices were inadequate. orthopantomographs (OPGs) were selected from Hospital
Improvement in caregivers’ OHKAP are crucial towards facing Universiti Sains Malaysia archives which consist of 494
the challenges in maintaining their children’s oral health. males and 525 females. The age ranged between 16 to 39
years old. Those with good quality OPG, matured root and
OC06 healthy patients were included. A two-scaled score was
used: ‘0’ root pulp fully visible, ‘1’ part or all of root pulp
Effect of malocclusion severity on oral health related obliterated. The age was calculated by subtracting date of
quality of life in a sample of Malay adolescents birth and the date of OPG taken. The data were presented
as minimum-maximum age.
Marghana Elyaskhil, Norehan Mokhtar, Noor Ayuni Ahmad Results: The earliest detectable visibility changes in
Shafiai females was 20.1 years old while in males 22.7 years old.
Craniofacial and Biomaterial Sciences Cluster, Advanced However, there were overlapped in terms of age for score
Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, ‘0’ and ‘1’ (wide age range appear having both scores).
Bertam, 13200 Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. Conclusion: Root pulp visibility may be used in the age
estimation for above 18 years old sample with caution of
✉: norehanmokhtar@usm.my individual variability.

8 
 
Abstracts: ICMHS 2018 Arch Orofac Sci (2018), 13(Suppl 1): 1-30.

OC08 Methodology: Twelve human teeth samples were

irradiated using the Cynergy TM Nd:YAG laser at several
Association of rheumatoid factor and anti-citrullinated distances. Samples were randomly divided into four
protein antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis with chronic groups based on four different irradiation distances (1, 2,
periodontitis 3, and 4 cm) between sample and laser tip. The
Mohd Jazman Che Rahim 1 , Wan Syamimee Wan temperature of the sample surface was measured using
Ghazali 1 , Wan Majdiah Wan Mohamad 2 , Norkhafizah an infrared thermometer. Paired t-test and one-way
Saddki 2 ANOVA test were performed for statistical analysis.
Results: Mean temperatures for the samples after laser
1
School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, irradiation were 29.7ºC, 30.5ºC, 30.7ºC, and 32.1ºC for an
Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, irradiation distance of 1, 2, 3, and 4 cm, respectively. The
Malaysia. percentage difference of the temperature before and after
2
School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, irradiation was 7.49% (1 cm), 10.22% (2 cm), 12.85% (3 cm),
Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, and 20.81% (4 cm). The p-values for the four groups were
Malaysia. less than 0.05 indicating that there was a significant change
in the temperature of the samples after laser irradiation.
✉: drjazman@outlook.com Conclusion: This study shows that the temperature
Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic increases significantly as the irradiation distance
autoimmune inflammatory disease of the joints. Positive increases, even though the spot size area decreases. The
rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-citrullinated protein temperature increment towards the tooth surface must be
antibody (ACPA) in RA patients have been found to be identified to avoid pain and damage to the human tooth
associated with periodontitis. Periodontitis is a chronic during the laser procedure.
inflammatory disease of teeth’s supporting tissues. It is
caused primarily by Porphyromonas gingivalis, which
OC12
produces peptidyl-arginine deiminase (PPAD) enzyme
causing protein citrullination. Citrullinated proteins The effectiveness of endoscopic diagnosis of upper
predisposes susceptible individuals to develop aerodigestive tract tumours by SPIES
autoantibodies which results in RA.
Objectives: To determine the association of RF and Nurul Syeha Abdull Rasid 1 , Norhafiza Mat Lazim 1 , Nik
ACPA with RA disease activity in CP and non-CP RA Fariza Husna Nik Hassan 2 , Baharudin Abdullah 1
patients. 1
Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck
Methodology: A comparative cross-sectional study
Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains
involving 98 RA patients was conducted at Hospital USM,
Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian,
Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. Oral examinations
Kelantan, Malaysia.
were carried out to determine the periodontal status. RF, 2
School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia,
ACPA, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were
Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan,
measured and 28-joint Disease Activity Score (DAS-28) of
Malaysia.
RA patients was assessed.
Results: Forty-five of RA patients (45.9%) were found to ✉: syeharasid@gmail.com
have CP (0.36-0.56, 95% CI). There was no significant
association between RF positivity and RA disease activity Introduction: The standard diagnostic procedure in the
in CP (p= 0.927) and non-CP (p= 0.43) RA patients. There assessment of upper aerodigestive tract tumours is by the
was also no significant association between ACPA white light endoscopy (WLE) and combined with biopsy.
positivity in CP (p= 0.78) and non-CP (p= 0.611) RA However, white light endoscopy has difficulty in identifying
patients respectively. minute epithelial changes and cannot directly differentiate
Conclusion: In our cohort of RA patients with or without benign from malignant tumours. At present, Storz Professional
CP, we did not find significant association between RF or Image Enhancement System (SPIES) has recently developed
ACPA positivity and RA disease activity, likely due to an optical technique designed to enhance the visualization of
small sample size. Further study with larger sample size microvasculature on the mucosal surface.
is needed to obtain more conclusive findings. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of endoscopic
examination by using SPIES in detecting tumours
involving the upper aerodigestive tract and to compare
OC11 with histopathological examination (HPE) findings.
Methodology: A cross sectional study was performed in the
The effect of Nd:YAG laser irradiation distance on the Otorhinolaryngology Clinic, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia
changes in temperature of human teeth from March 2017 to March 2018. Fifty-nine patients with
Nur Zarifha Zainol Alam 1 , Fatanah Mohamad Suhaimi 1 , suspected upper aerodigestive tract tumours had underwent
Nur Nabihah Ahmad Ishak 2 , Mohd Najib Salihi 2 , Husniyati white light endoscopy followed by SPIES endoscopy
Roslan 1 examination. All the visualized masses were biopsied and sent
for histopathological examination. Endoscopic examination
1
Craniofacial and Biomaterial Sciences Cluster, findings were compared with histopathological findings.
Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative
Malaysia, 13200 Bertam, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. predictive value, and accuracy were calculated.
2
School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Results: Sensitivity and specificity in the differentiation
Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. between WLE versus HPE were 77.5% and 84.2%
respectively. The positive predictive value was 91.2% while
✉: fatanah.suhaimi@usm.my negative predictive value was 64%. However, sensitivity in
Introduction: Thermal effect of laser irradiation on the the differentiation between SPIES endoscopy and HPE was
tissues is influenced by parameters such as power, spot 70% and specificity was 89.5% while positive predictive
size, treatment time and cooling system. Other than pulp value 93.3% and negative predictive value 58.6%.
chamber, enamel surface is also a critical part where the Conclusion: SPIES endoscopy can be considered as an
thermal effect of laser irradiation occurs typically. important tool during diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of
Objective: To investigate the effect of irradiation distance patients with upper aerodigestive tract tumours for its
on the temperature of the tooth surface. effectiveness in differentiating benign and malignant tumours.

9 
 
Arch Orofac Sci (2018), 13(Suppl 1): 1-30. Abstracts: ICMHS 2018 

OC13 (underdeveloped maxilla) so that clinicians can take proper

steps or precaution to modify their treatment plan at the early
Changes in human dentine following irradiation of 940 age of the patients.
nm diode laser: A surface morphological study Objective: To evaluate the effects of cheiloplasty (lip
Rehab Mahmoud Ahmed Ghazal 1, Husniyati Roslan1, surgery) and palatoplasty (palate surgery) and UCLP types
Fatanah Mohamad Suhaimi 1, Muhammad Fadhirul Izwan and age of the subjects on upper arch dimensions.
Abdul Malik2, Muhammad Faiz Bahrol Anuar 2 Methodology: Eighty-five laser scanned 3D digital models of
1, UCLP subjects treated with two different techniques of
Craniofacial and Biomaterial Sciences Cluster, Advanced
cheiloplasty and palatoplasty were taken before any
Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia,
orthodontic treatment and bone grafting at 5 to 12 years of
Bertam, 13200 Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
2 age. Inter-canine width (ICW), inter-molar width (IMW) and
Science and Engineering Research Centre (SERC),
arch depth (AD) measurements of upper arch were measured
Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300
with Mimics software. Multiple linear regression analyses
Nibong Tebal, Seberang Perai Selatan, Pulau Pinang,
were used to evaluate the association between cheiloplasty
Malaysia.
palatoplasty, age, type of UCLP and upper arch dimensions
✉: husniyati@usm.my (ICW, IMW and AD). The p-value was set at 5%.
Results: Significant association was found between two
Introduction: Dentine hypersensitivity is a common dental
techniques of cheiloplasty and ICW (p=0.001) of maxilla. Age
condition that could cause a huge obstacle for dentist and
of the subjects also showed significant associations on AD
patient, due to the short, sharp pain arising as a response
(p=0.002) of maxilla.
to stimulation applied on uncovered dentine. Although many
Conclusion: Modified Millard technique of cheiloplasty and
substances are available to treat dentine hypersensitivity,
older age of subjects had more adverse effect on the ICW and
they are not effective over the long term. To date, there is
AD of maxilla respectively in Malay UCLP children.
not much laser application used in treating dentine
hypersensitivity clinically.
Objective: To evaluate the effects of 940 nm diode laser at OC15
different parameters on dentine morphology under
scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Titanium mesh as reconstructive material to correct
Methodology: Seven extracted caries-free human deformity of the maxilla: Two case presentations
premolars were cut vertically, cleaned and divided into 4
experimental groups. Group A (control) was not irradiated. Shamma Salwa Chowdhury1, Shaifulizan Ab. Rahman1, Wan
Other groups were irradiated with diode laser 940 nm: Muhamad Amir W Ahmad1, Mohammad Khursheed Alam2
Group B (1.5 W), Group C (2.0 W) and Group D (2.5 W), for 1
School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health
10 seconds, continuous and non-contact mode. SEM Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
analyses were performed for all groups to examine the 2
Orthodontic Department, College of Dentistry, Al Jouf
morphological changes of dentinal tubules. University, Sakaka, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Results: Samples irradiated with 1.5 W setting showed
partially narrowing of the dentinal tubules. Diode laser ✉: shammasalwa00@gmail.com
irradiations at 2.0 W and 2.5 W settings caused narrowing
or sealing of dentinal tubules without provoking Introduction: Titanium mesh can be used in immediate
carbonization or any destruction on the dentine surface. reconstruction of the defective maxilla to provide support and
Conclusion: From this study, it is observed that irradiation prevent overlying skin collapse.
of 940 nm diode laser at 2.0 W and 2.5 W settings, is able Objective: To highlight the importance of immediate
to seal the dentinal tubules and could be effective in the reconstruction of the maxilla to overcome the psychological
treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity. impairment post-surgery.
Methodology: Two cases were reported. The first one was an
18-year-old female with a complaint of long standing hard
OC14 swelling over the right cheek, which was diagnosed as Ewing’s
sarcoma after performing incisional biopsy and the other was
Assessment of treatment outcome based on the age, types a 21-year-old male with the history of left maxillary
of clefts and effects of the different techniques of ameloblastoma reported in the department of Oral and
surgeries in Malay unilateral cleft lip and palate children Maxillofacial Surgery of Hospital USM.
Sanjida Haque 1, Mohd Fadhli Khamis2, Mohammad Results: A Waber-Ferguson flap was used to remove the
Khursheed Alam3, Wan Muhamad Amir Wan Ahmed 4 sarcoma as well as ameloblastoma, that is extended hemi-
maxillectomy with immediate reconstruction of maxilla using
1
Orthodontic Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Health titanium mesh and denture like surgical plate was provided to
Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, the patients. The titanium mesh stays as it was and the denture
Kelantan, Malaysia. like surgical plate was replaced by an obturator.
2
Oral Biology and Forensic Odontology Unit, Hospital Conclusion: One-month post-surgery, the soft tissue around
Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian Kelantan lower eyelid, cheek and upper lip was found intact giving a
Malaysia proper aesthetic outcome. The technique of reconstructing
3
Orthodontic Department, College of Dentistry, Al Jouf maxilla with titanium mesh protects the soft tissues from
University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia. sagging and provides patient’s self-esteem prior to further
4
Dental Public Health (Biostatistics) Unit, School of Dental treatment using obturator.
Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia,
16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.

✉: fadhli@usm.my
Introduction: Subjects with unilateral cleft lip and palate
(UCLP) frequently exhibit underdeveloped maxilla which
subsequently leads to Class III malocclusion. The growth-
restraining effects of scar tissue from the cheiloplasty and
palatoplasty are believed to cause maxillary hypoplasia.
However, congenital factors may also be responsible for
this abnormal phenomenon. Thus, it is necessary to know
which factor is affecting the treatment outcome

10 
 
Abstracts: ICMHS 2018 Arch Orofac Sci (2018), 13(Suppl 1): 1-30.

OC16 ipsilateral tooth were measured using the paired t-test.

Correlation of EARR with the age was assessed using Pearson
The sociodemographic profile of patients with correlation test.
schizophrenia in Kelantan: A comparison between Result: The reliability of the EARR measurements for two
psychosocial rehabilitation attendees and non-attendees examiners showed strong correlations. EARR was detected
Sharifah Zubaidiah Syed Jaapar1,2, Normardhiah Rasdi1,2,3, using CBCT in 29.85% of all roots after ‘leveling and alignment’
Zahiruddin Othman1,2, Raishan Shafini Bakar1,2, Suria Hussin2, stage of orthodontic treatment. No significant difference was
Jamilah Al-Muhammady Mohammad4 found in relation to age, EARR of contralateral, ipsilateral tooth
except lower lateral incisors.
1
Department of Psychiatry, School of Medical Sciences, Conclusion: All roots of the anterior teeth indicate a different
Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang amount of EARR after ‘leveling and alignment’ stage of
Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. orthodontic treatment which may accelerate more at the end of
2
Hospital USM, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, orthodontic treatment.
16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
3
Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab
II, 15586 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia. OC18
4
Department of Medical Education, School of Medical
Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Sex prediction using dental arch dimensions in Pakhtun
Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. Pakistani population
Shireen Haniza Farid Patrick, Fazal Shahid, Mohd Fadhli
✉: zubaidiah@usm.my
Khamis
Introduction: Psychosocial rehabilitation is important in
managing chronic schizophrenia towards recovery. There are School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health
seven psychosocial rehabilitation (PSR) centres that are run by Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
the local health centres and one community mental health centre ✉: fadhli@usm.my
(CMHC) in Kelantan. Each hospital with psychiatrists also runs
psychosocial rehabilitation to improve patient’s function. Introduction: Sex information is one of the reconstructive
Objectives: To compare the sociodemographic profile of profiles that are needed in the process of human identification.
psychosocial rehabilitation attendees and non-attendees among So far, there is only few information of sexual dimorphism in
patients with schizophrenia in Kelantan. the dental arch dimensions.
Methodology: A comparative cross-sectional study was Objective: To formulate sex prediction model using dental
performed between two groups of schizophrenia patients who arch dimensions by the assistance of digital stereomicroscope
attended psychosocial rehabilitation and who did not. Seventy with automated calibration system in Pakhtun Pakistani
participants were recruited in each group using simple random population.
sampling technique. Methods: Dental casts of 128 subjects, consisting of 64 males
Results: There was a significant difference in marital status and 64 females from the Pakhtun Pakistani population of age
between psychosocial rehabilitation attendees and non- ranging from 18 to 21 years were examined for the study. The
attendees, 2(1) = 8.792, p<0.05. Other sociodemographic subjects were having malocclusion Class I and healthy. Dental
profiles were not significantly different between the groups. arch dimensions including the arch length, arch perimeter,
Conclusions: Sociodemographic profile of patients in both inter-canine, inter-first premolar, inter-second premolar and
groups were similar except marital status. Marital status profile inter-molar widths were measured and recorded separately for
which was found to be statistically significantly different between maxillary arch. Sex differences were assessed. A discriminant
the groups will be controlled in the intermediate analysis as one function analysis was used to formulate sex prediction model
of the confounding factors in subsequent objective. using six upper dental arch dimension variables.
Results: The study revealed that sexual differences in dental
arch dimensions were statistically significant for both males
OC17 and females (p<0.05); where the overall pattern showed males
had larger arch dimensions than females. Stepwise
External apical root resorption (EARR) in orthodontic discriminant analysis showed the variables exhibiting best
treatment: A myth or a fact discriminant power were found in the inter-second premolar
width for the upper arch. This variable significantly contributed
Shifat A Nowrin, Fazal Shahid, Saidi Jaafar, Norma Ab to the variance between males and females. The upper arch
Rahman had 67.2% of original grouped cases correctly classified and
School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health 66.4% of cross-validated group cases correctly classified.
Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. Conclusion: It was concluded that the prediction model
formulated for the maxillary arch was moderately strong
✉: rin612@gmail.com (67.2% correct classification) for sex prediction to differentiate
Introduction: External apical root resorption (EARR) is a between males and females of Pakhtun Pakistani population
common phenomenon following an orthodontic treatment. and able to be used in the management of disaster victim
During treatment, teeth become vulnerable to EARR due to identification, accidents and crime.
application of force on teeth which consists of different treatment
mechanics. A considerable diverse amount of EARR is observed OC19
at the end of treatment.
Objective: This study assessed the EARR after ‘leveling and Urinary VCAM-1, KIM-1 and Endothelin-1 as biomarkers of
alignment’ stage of orthodontic treatment using 3D cone beam lupus nephritis: Correlation with immunological
computed tomography (CBCT). parameters in HUSM
Methodology: A total of 24 CBCT images from 12 patients Siti Khadijah Syed Mohammed Nazri1, Wan Syamimee Wan
(mean age 23.42 ± 4.27) were measured using the Planmeca Ghazali2, Noor Suryani Mohd Ashari1, Wan Zuraida Wan Ab
RomexisTM software. CBCT images were obtained before and Hamid1
after alignment and leveling stage of orthodontic treatment.
1
EARR was determined using Axial Guided Navigation of CBCT. Department of Immunology, 2 Department of Medicine, School
All anterior roots were assessed by two investigators using the of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health
formula EARR=R1-(R2*CF). Mean differences of the initial and Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
final measurements of the teeth and frequency of EARR were ✉: smnkhadijah1993@gmail.com
identified using descriptive statistics. EARR of contralateral and

11 
 
Arch Orofac Sci (2018), 13(Suppl 1): 1-30. Abstracts: ICMHS 2018 

Introduction: Lupus nephritis (LN) is characterised by renal of this study, a relook into financial assistance for families
deposition of immune complexes and it is one of the serious affected by thalassemia is needed.
complications in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
Objective: To evaluate urinary vascular cell adhesion
molecule-1 (VCAM-1), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and OC22
endothelin-1 (ET-1) as biomarkers of renal disease in LN.
Methodology: Sixty (60) LN patients and 30 healthy controls Evaluation of periodontal health, amount of
were involved in this study, conducted at the Hospital Porphyromonas gingivalis and anti-cyclic citrullinated
Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM) from January 2016 to peptide antibodies among patients with rheumatoid
December 2017. The urine samples were measured by using arthritis
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Receiver
operating characteristic analysis was performed to obtain the Tan Wan Jiun1, Haslina Taib1, Wan Majdiah Wan Mohamad1,
best cut-off values to calculate the performance of these Suharni Mohamad1, Wan Syamimee Wan Ghazali2
markers. Correlation between these urinary biomarkers and 1
School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia,
clinical parameters was also tested. Statistical analysis was Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
performed using SPSS software, version 22.0. 2
School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia,
Results: Urinary VCAM-1, KIM-1 and ET-1 levels were Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
significantly higher in active LN patients as compared to
inactive LN patients and healthy controls. These markers ✉: wanjiuntan1115@gmail.com
correlated significantly with anti-dsDNA, complement C3,
complement C4, urinary protein/creatinine ratio (P/C), SLE Introduction: Periodontal disease and rheumatoid arthritis
disease activity index (SLEDAI) and renal SLEDAI scores. (RA) are chronic inflammatory diseases which share many
However, urinary KIM-1 was not significantly correlated with clinical and pathological features. Porphyromonas gingivalis is
complement C4. Urinary ET-1 showed higher specificity and the main periodontal pathogen involves in protein citrullination
sensitivity in differentiating LN patients and healthy controls which results in production of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide
(area under the curve (AUC 0.809) than urinary VCAM-1 (anti-CCP) antibodies in RA.
(AUC 0.725) and urinary KIM-1 (AUC 0.640)). Objectives: To evaluate the periodontal health status and its
Conclusion: Urinary VCAM-1, KIM-1 and ET-1 may be a association with RA severity as well as the association
potential biomarker for monitoring disease activity in LN between the amount of Porphyromonas gingivalis and anti-
patient. CCP antibody among RA patients.
Methodology: 100 RA patients were subjected for
periodontal examination followed with subgingival plaque
OC20 samples collection from periodontal pockets for assessment
of Porphyromonas gingivalis using loop-mediated
Thalassemia in the 4th Industrial Revolution era: isothermal amplification method (LAMP). Serum samples
Economic burden on families in Malaysia were used for analysis of anti-CCP antibody level. RA
disease severity was determined based on DAS-28 score
Surianti Sukeri 1, Vinoth Viknesh2, Mohd Ismail Ibrahim1, system.
Sarifah Hanafi3, Noor Diana Rashid 4, Zilfalil Alwi 5 Results: Majority of RA patients were female (85%). Mean
1
Department of Community Medicine, 2Department of age of these RA patients was 50.9 (SD13.5). Low RA
Paediatrics, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains disease severity was found in 62% of patients. Among
Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, them, 47% presented with chronic periodontitis and 52%
Malaysia. had gingivitis. Porphyromonas gingivalis was detected in all
samples with bacteria count ranging from 10 to 10 9. Positive
✉: surianti@usm.my anti-CCP antibodies was detected in 55% of the collected
Introduction: The 4th Industrial Revolution brings samples. There was no significant association between
technology breakthroughs in genetic testing. Nevertheless, periodontal status and RA severity (p= 0.15). Besides, the
thalassemia continues to exist. With no cure, thalassemia relationship between the amount of P. gingivalis and anti-
patients require lifelong treatment. Carers experienced CCP antibodies was not significant (p= 0.16).
financial burden and had lesser chance of employment. All Conclusion: Periodontal disease is highly prevalent among
these factors collude to financially burden a household with RA patients despite non-significant association between
thalassemia. these two conditions. Hence, it is important that RA patients
Objective: To investigate the economic burden of should be educated to increase their awareness in oral
thalassemia on families in Malaysia. health care.
Methods: A hybrid method of economic analysis and
qualitative inquiry were performed. Cost analysis of the out-
of-pocket spending was done on 200 respondents from OC23
Pahang, Sabah and Terengganu, followed by 20 semi- Influence of obesity on salivary matrix
structured interviews in Sabah. metalloproteinase-8 and periodontal parameters in
Results: The monthly mean expenditure was MYR199.87 chronic periodontitis patients attending Hospital
(SD 278.33) and 25% of all households suffered from Universiti Sains Malaysia
catastrophic spending. Nevertheless 31% of the
respondents received subsidies, while 63% claimed that Usman Rashid 1,2, Siti Lailatul Akmar Zainuddin1,2, Zurairah
their household income was unaffected by thalassemia. Berahim1,2, Ahmad Azlina 1, Basaruddin Ahmad1,2
The qualitative inquiry revealed a gloomier perspective. 1
School of Dental Sciences, 2 Hospital USM, Universiti
Respondents talked about family sacrifices, borrowings and
selling off assets, parents’ guilt of having to prioritize the Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian,
Kelantan, Malaysia.
sick child, forgotten welfare of other siblings, missed
treatments, poor access to care, constant hunger, unpaid ✉: lailatul@usm.my
bills and the never-ending financial despair.
Conclusion: Despite the excitement of moving towards the Introduction: Obesity is one of the first outstanding
4th Industrial Revolution, forget not the society and their hazards of contemporary society. It is currently classified as
suffering. The burden of thalassemia extends beyond a low-grade inflammatory chronic disease with a complex
monetary value, with incessant suffering made worse by the etiology. Chronic periodontitis is an inflammation that
sick cycle of disease and poverty. Based on the evidence affects soft and hard tissues supporting the teeth leading to

12 
 
Abstracts: ICMHS 2018 Arch Orofac Sci (2018), 13(Suppl 1): 1-30.

tooth loss. Studies have found inflammation markers in the ✉: arbaz@student.usm.my

blood of obese adults similar to those discovered in
periodontal disease tissues. Matrix metalloproteinase-8 Introduction: In dentistry, there has been a growing shift
(MMP-8) is the most widely recognized MMPs engaged with towards using nanoparticles dispersed in the polymer matrix
periodontal tissue devastation. to improve the properties of dental restoratives, particularly
Objective: To determine the influence of obesity on the conventional glass ionomers (GIC). A novel GIC-
levels of MMP-8 and the periodontal parameters nanozirconia- silica- hydroxyapatite (GIC-nanoZrO2-SiO2-HA)
[periodontal pocket depth (PPD), plaque index (PI), and has been developed which has been shown to possess
gingival index (GI)] in chronic periodontitis patients. superior hardness.
Methodology: Sixty participants were selected and equally Objective: To synthesize, characterize and evaluate the color
divided into two groups; obese (BMI ≥ 30) exhibiting chronic stability, and fluoride (F-) release of the GIC-nanoZrO2-SiO2-
periodontitis and the other is normal weight patients (BMI ≤ HA hybrid material.
25) bearer with chronic periodontitis. GI, PI, and PPD were Methodology: The nanoZrO2-SiO2-HA was synthesized
measured. Saliva were collected from both groups and using sol-gel technique and characterized using TEM, SEM,
MMP-8 levels were assessed by Enzyme-linked EDX, FTIR and XRD. The powder was then added at 5% by
immunosorbent assay (ELISA). weight into the GIC and 10 samples per group were
Results: The salivary MMP-8 protein levels were found not fabricated. The color stability was measured with a
statistically significant when compared between obese spectrophotometer using CIE L*a*b* system, and the F-
(0.180.20 ng/ml) and normal (0.120.08 ng/ml) release was measured using an ISE meter over a one-month
individuals. Periodontal parameters; PPD, GI and PI, were period. The data was analyzed with repeated measures
also compared and found to be not statistically significant. ANOVA.
Conclusion: The findings indicated that the obesity did not Results: The TEM and SEM confirmed that all particles were
influence the salivary MMP-8 protein levels as well as in the nanoscale range with spherical zirconia and silica
periodontal parameters of PPD, GI, and PI. particles embedded in the voids between rod-shaped HA.
FTIR and XRD demonstrated the presence of functional
groups corresponding to each element and EDX showed that
OC24
the nano particles were homogenously dispersed. The color
CBCT analysis of bone level in immediate implants using change (∆E) values for GIC-nanoZrO2-SiO2-HA were lower
socket shield technique: A report of 15 cases than conventional GIC indicative of greater color stability and
F- release was significantly higher for all the time intervals
Vinod Nair Sreekumar recorded (p<0.05).
PMS College of Dental Science & Research, Venkode PO, Conclusion: Nano ZrO2- SiO2- HA can be considered as
Trivandrum-695028, Kerala, India. promising filler for GIC with greater color stability and fluoride
elusion making it a potentially stronger anticariogenic
✉: vinodnair145@gmail.com aesthetic dental material for the future.
Introduction: Various methods have been advocated to
avoid the resorption after extraction, such as immediate OM02
implants and barrier membranes. The socket shield
technique is relatively a new method to avoid buccal bone Fabrication of denture adhesive by using modified
resorption when immediate implants are performed. Applying starches and its effect on mechanical and biological
the socket shield technique during the immediate implant properties
placement may be a feasible treatment option for cases with
high esthetic concerns. Bazli Hilmi, Zuratul Ain Abdul Hamid
Objective: To preserve a tooth fragment and avoid post- Biomaterials Research Niche Group, School of Materials
extraction resorption in immediate implant placement cases. and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains
Methodology: The amount of horizontal bone resorption on Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau
the buccal surface was measured in pixels and calibrated by Pinang, Malaysia.
a periodontal probe at different points apical to the bottom of
gingival sulcus in an interval of 0.5 mm. The volumetric ✉: srzuratulain@usm.my
change of the alveolar ridge was analyzed by using the pre-
operative and post-operative CBCT scans. Introduction: Recently, many dentists acknowledge the
Results: One year follow up of 15 cases had showed minimal importance of denture adhesive and recommend it to the
horizontal and volumetric change. All cases were successful denture wearers. Denture adhesive is commonly applied on
based on implant success criteria. the denture base to enhance its better fitting towards the
Conclusion: This presentation highlights the indications, mucosal surface and to fit the denture in place. It is
contraindications, merits and demerits of socket shield important for denture adhesive to have good mechanical
technique and CBCT analysis of bone level in immediate and biological properties.
implants of 15 cases along with post-operative follow up. Objective: To evaluate the effect of modified starches on
hardness, adhesiveness, and tensile bond strength
properties (TBS) as well as to study the effect of different
antimicrobial agents in this denture adhesive on bacteria
growth.
ORAL: MATERIAL SCIENCES Methodology: The investigated starches were corn,
potato, tapioca, sago and wheat while the modification
agents were sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and hydrogen
OM01 peroxide (H 2O2). The peppermint oil and tea tree oil were
used as antimicrobial agents. The denture adhesives were
Synthesis, characterization and physico-chemical
prepared with 5, 10 and 15 percent (wt. %) loading of
evaluation of a novel glass ionomer nano zirconia-silica-
starches filler. The chemical and mechanical
hydroxyapatite hybrid material
characterization performed were Fourier Transform Infrared
Arbaz Sajjad, Wan Zaripah Wan Bakar, Ismail Ab Rahman, Spectroscopy (FTIR), tensile bonding strength (TBS),
Dasmawati Mohamad, T.P. Kannan adhesiveness and hardness as well as antimicrobial test by
using an agar well diffusion method.
School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Results: Mechanical analysis indicated that denture
Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. adhesive with modified starches have higher tensile bond

13 
 
Arch Orofac Sci (2018), 13(Suppl 1): 1-30. Abstracts: ICMHS 2018 

strength, adhesiveness and hardness. The optimum filler Introduction: Nickel titanium (NiTi) (shape-memory alloy)
loading is at 5%. Both antimicrobial agents show zone of archwires are widely used in orthodontic treatment. Major issue
inhibition on the tested bacteria. during the treatment is the existence of friction between the
Conclusion: The fabricated denture adhesive has good archwire and bracket, hence, it reduced the effectiveness of
potential to be used as a natural based denture adhesive the archwire. Friction reduction will speed up the recovery
as it contains modified starch which has enhanced its process and reduce patient’s pain during treatment.
properties. So, it has potential to be used as another Objective: To investigate Teflon as frictionless materials for
alternative material for denture adhesive application. potential bracket materials/coating.
Methodology: Friction Tribometer Test was conducted
OM03 between Teflon and NiTi archwire to determine Teflon’s
Coefficient of Friction (CoF) for frictionless behaviour
Fracture resistance of the permanent restorations for verification. Bending test (Universal Tensile Machine,
endodontically treated mandibular premolars Instron 3367) was done to investigate bending behaviour of
NiTi archwires. Bending jig and Teflon-coated bracket was
Galvin Sim Siang Lin, Nik Rozainah Nik Abdul Ghani, Tahir fabricated. Four commercial NiTi archwires with different
Yusuf Noorani, Noor Huda Ismail shapes and sizes, widely used in orthodontic treatment
School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health were selected for bending test using stainless steel (SS)
Campus, 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia. bracket and Teflon-coated bracket. Bending loads on three
deflections (2 mm, 3 mm and 4 mm) were analysed to
✉: gaelvylin@yahoo.com distinguish friction force on the bracket.
Results: CoF for Teflon was recorded as 0.024. From
Introduction: Endodontic treatment is an attempt to preserve
force-deflection graphs, bending load on 3 mm and 4 mm
teeth with damaged and infected pulp. Endodontically treated
deflection were observed higher on SS bracket compared
teeth are weaker and prone to fracture. To ensure successful
to Teflon-coated bracket while no significant difference on
outcome, adequate coronal seal plays a very crucial part.
2 mm deflection. Plateau trend was observed in all
Objectives: To compare the fracture strength, fracture
combinations of archwires-Teflon-coated bracket graph as
pattern, types of fracture involved and area of fractured
agreed with NiTi behaviour on frictionless condition, while
restoration among endodontically treated teeth restored with
increment trend was observed for SS bracket due to
different materials.
existence of friction.
Methodology: Sixty-nine mature human permanent lower
Conclusion: The archwire recovered from greater
premolars recently extracted for orthodontic, periodontal or other
magnitude of deflection released lower force than the one
reasons were selected and divided into three groups (n=23).
recovered from smaller deflection. Teflon has potential to
Groups 1 and 2 were endodontically treated and prepared with
be used as bracket materials/coating due to frictionless
standardized MOD cavities. Group 1 and 2 were restored with
behaviour.
amalgam using Nayyar’s core technique and glass fiber post with
composite resin core, respectively. Group 3 consisted of intact
tooth which serve as a control group. All teeth were tested under OM05
constant occlusal load until fracture occurred using Universal
Mineralisation potential of dental pulp stem cells upon
Testing Machine. Data analysis was carried out using Kruskal
exposure to melt-derived bioactive glass
Wallis Test complemented by Mann Whitney test with level of
significance was set at p<0.01. Nurul Shazwani Mohd Zain 1 , Nik Syahirah Aliaa Nik
Results: A significant differences in fracture strength was Sharifulden 1 , Siti Noor Fazliah Mohd Noor 1 , Hasmaliza
observed among all three groups (p<0.01). The mean load Mohamad 2
required to fracture intact tooth in Group 3 (803.05±182.23 N) 1
was significantly highest, followed by Group 2 (588.90±151.33 Craniofacial and Biomaterials Sciences Cluster,
N) and lastly Group 1 (388.05±158.09 N). Most fractures Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains
occurred within the coronal structure and were considered Malaysia, Bertam, 13200 Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang,
favourable pattern. Besides, majority of the fractures occurred on Malaysia.
2
restorations, particularly at the distal side. School of Materials and Mineral Resources, Engineering
Conclusion: Teeth restored with fiber post and composite Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal,
core resulted in higher fracture resistance than teeth restored Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
with Nayyar’s core amalgam restoration.
✉: fazliah@usm.my
Introduction: Bioactive glass (BG) received much
OM04 attention in dentistry and on-going research is geared
Investigation of Teflon as frictionless bracket on NiTi towards utilising BG as dental materials specifically for
archwire bending behaviour in orthodontic levelling regeneration of hard tissue; recognisable by the ionic
treatment dissolution products from BG that promote bone forming
cells to lay down mineralised matrix.
Mohd Nizam Ahmad1, Abdus Samad Mahmud2, Mohd Objective: To determine response of dental pulp stem
Fauzinizam Razali2, Norehan Mokhtar3 cells (DPSC) upon exposure towards BG-conditioned
1 medium with and without osteogenic inductive agents.
Mechanical Section, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Methodology: Melt-derived BG powders based on SiO 2 -
Spanish Institute, Kulim Hi-Tech Park, 09000 Kulim, Kedah, CaO-NaO-P 2 O 5 system were synthesised and
Malaysia. characterised using X-Ray diffraction, Fourier transform
2
Nanofabrication and Functional Materials Research Group, infrared spectroscopy, and particle size analyses. The
School of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Campus, BG-conditioned medium containing BG powders with
Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau particle size less than 38 µm at different powder to liquid
Pinang, Malaysia. ratio (1, 2, 4 mg/ml) were prepared with or without
3
Craniofacial and Biomaterial Science Cluster, Advanced osteogenic inductive agents and exposed to DPSC at
Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, designated time frames and subjected to MTT, ALP and
Bandar Putra Bertam, 13200 Kepala Batas, Penang, DNA assays.
Malaysia. Results: DPSC exposed to osteogenic (OM) and non-
✉: abdus@usm.my osteogenic (NM) BG-conditioned medium showed higher
cell proliferation which is dose-dependent. DPSC were
able to proliferate in NM BG-conditioned medium without

14 
 
Abstracts: ICMHS 2018 Arch Orofac Sci (2018), 13(Suppl 1): 1-30.

addition of osteogenic inductive agent. DPSC alkaline

phosphatase (ALP) activity exposed to BG-conditioned
medium showed no significant differences between OM
and NM within 14 days incubation period. DPSC upon
exposure to BG-conditioned medium with or without
osteogenic inductive agent showed higher ALP activity
suggesting that BG-conditioned medium could induce
osteogenic differentiation of DPSC. Thus, ionic dissolution
products released from BG plays an important role in
osteogenic cell response and differentiation of DPSC
towards osteogenic lineages.
Conclusion: BG-conditioned medium without the addition
of osteogenic inductive agents were able to induce DPSC
towards osteogenic lineages and lay down mineralised
nodule suggesting that the ionic dissolution from the BG
induce DPSC towards osteogenic differentiation although
at a slower rate compared to DPSC exposed to osteogenic
(OM) BG-conditioned medium.
Acknowledgement: The authors would like to
acknowledge the funding from Research University Grant
Scheme, Universiti Sains Malaysia (1001/CIPPT/814258).

OM06
Preconditioning of scaffolds facilitate cell attachment
to bioactive glass scaffold
Siti Nur Liyana Ramlee 1 , Siti Noor Fazliah Mohd Noor 1* ,
Hasmaliza Mohamad 2 , Nik Syahirah Aliaa Nik
Sharifulden 1 , Siti Fatimah Samsurrijal 1
1
Craniofacial and Biomaterials Sciences Cluster,
Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains
Malaysia, Bertam, 13200 Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang,
Malaysia.
2
School of Materials and Mineral Resources, Universiti
Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong
Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
✉: fazliah@usm.my
Introduction: Bioactive glass (BG) scaffold hybridised
with polymeric materials has received attention as
substitute material with continuous research focusing on
the regeneration of hard tissue.
Objective: To investigate the scaffold preconditioning
period that will facilitate dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs)
attachment to BG scaffold and promote cell proliferation.
Methodology: Sol-gel derived bioactive glass scaffolds
were fabricated and characterised using the x-ray
diffraction (XRD), x-ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier-
transform infrared (FTIR) and particle size analysis (PSA)
equipment. The scaffolds were preconditioned in normal
culture medium and incubated for 1, 4, 24 and 48 hours to
determine the pre-conditioning period that would facilitate
cell attachment to the scaffold. The scaffold to liquid ratio
was 3 mg/ml and subsequently DPSCs were seeded on
the scaffolds and incubated for 48 hours to determine cell
adhesion using Alamar blue assay. The DPSCs
proliferation seeded on the scaffolds were then
continuously monitored at designated time frames.
Results: DPSCs showed better cell attachment to
bioactive glass scaffold after 48 hours preconditioning and
highest percentage of cell adhesion to the scaffold.
Highest cell proliferation percentage was also shown
when DPSCs were cultured onto 48 hours preconditioned
scaffold throughout the study time frame compared to
other preconditioning periods.
Conclusion: Preconditioning of BG scaffold before
seeding the cells to the scaffold is important to facilitate
cell attachment. The scaffold preconditioning method
allows the scaffold surfaces to be more efficient in
promoting cell attachment during cell seeding.
Acknowledgement: The authors acknowledged Ministry
of Science and Technology (MOSTI) for providing Science
Fund grant (Project No. 02-01-05-SF0786) for providing
financial assistance.

15 
 
Arch Orofac Sci (2018), 13(Suppl 1): 1-30. Abstracts: ICMHS 2018 

Introduction: Acinetobacter nosocomialis, a member of

ePOSTERS Acinetobacter baumannii complex group is becoming
increasingly of health concern in hospital setup. Most of the
EP01 routine diagnostic techniques for its identification focused on
the culture methods and use of commercial products for their
Modification of mechanical properties of PMMA-based diagnosis which are labour intensive and time consuming.
Palacos® R via introduction of graphene: A preliminary Objectives: To profile surface membrane protein(s) of A.
study nosocomialis towards identification of potential biomarkers.
Methodology: Surface membrane proteins of four A.
Abdul Manaf Abdullah1, Dasmawati Mohamad1, Ummu
nosocomialis clinical strains, one A. baumannii clinical strain
Amirah Abu Yazid2, Wan Nur Fadilla Wan Hamad1, Hazizan
and one A. baumannii reference strain (ATCC 19606) were
Md Akil3
extracted using acidified glycine. Sodium dodecyl sulfphate
1
School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was used to profile the
Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. extracted surface membrane proteins expressed at 37°C.
2
School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Results: SDS-PAGE analysis showed that protein profiles of
Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. A. nosocomialis strains were 90% identical to that of the A.
3
School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, baumannii. clinical strain. A total of 13 protein bands were
Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300 expressed at 37°C in both A. baumannii and A. nosocomialis
Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. strains. Three of these proteins were unique to A.
nosocomialis.
✉: dasmawati@usm.my Conclusion: These surface structures are often the key
determinants that mediate bacterial virulence and thus
Introduction: PMMA-based Palacos® R has been represent important novel targets of diagnostic biomarkers
conventionally used for craniofacial reconstruction due to its for differentiating A. baumannii from A. nosocomialis.
ease of handling. Despite being established material, the
mechanical properties of Palacos® R could be further
improved. Alternatively, the emergence of graphene could be EP03
manipulated to engineer the mechanical properties of
Palacos® R. Antimicrobial activity of Aloe vera extract in irreversible
Objective: To compare the compressive properties of hydrocolloid impression material: An in vitro study
unfilled and graphene filled Palacos® R.
Methodology: The morphology of graphene was initially Aida Ali1, Nurul Amirah Yusof 2, Rohazila Mohamad
observed via a field emission scanning electron microscope Hanafiah1, Aspalillah bt Alias1, Abd Rashid Bin Li3
(FESEM) (Quanta 450 FEG, Fei, USA). Unfilled and 1
Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM),
graphene filled Palacos® R were prepared by mixing the 55100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
powder and liquid (Palacos® R, Heraeus Medical GmbH, 2
Klinik Kesihatan (Pergigian) Lukut, KM 10 Jalan Seremban-
Germany) at a ratio of 1:2 together with 0.5 and 1.0 wt% of Port Dickson, 71010 Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan,
graphene (0544DX, SkySpring Nanomaterials Inc, USA) for Malaysia.
30 seconds. The non-sticky and homogenous dough was 3
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), 52109 Kepong,
filled into a 3D printed mould to produce cylindrical Selangor, Malaysia.
compressive specimens (n=3/compositions) with 12mm and
6mm in diameter and height, respectively. The compressive ✉: draidaali@usim.edu.my
properties of the harden specimens were determined using a Introduction: Most dental impressions that are sent to the
universal testing machine (Shimadzu AGX-2plus, Shimadzu, dental laboratories show the presence of numerous
Japan) at crosshead speed of 1mm/min. The One-Way pathogenic microorganisms. Research has shown that the
ANOVA test was employed to compare the compressive conventional methods of disinfecting dental impression
properties of unfilled and graphene filled Palacos® R at (spraying and immersion) are not effective and cause
significant level of p<0.05. dimensional inaccuracy of the resultant casts. Efforts have
Results: The compressive strength improved by 48% at 0.5 been made to address this problem by incorporating
wt% of graphene loading. Whereas the compressive modulus disinfectant agent into alginate. Thus, the impression become
of the graphene filled Palacos® R enhanced by 72-102% as auto-disinfected and eliminates the need for disinfection
compared to unfilled Palacos® R though statistically procedure.
insignificant. Objective: To determine the antimicrobial activity of Aloe
Conclusion: With improved mechanical properties, vera extract mixed with irreversible hydrocolloid impression
graphene filled Palacos® R could be proposed as a new (alginate) against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida
potential material for craniofacial reconstruction. albicans.
Methodology: Three different specimen groups were
prepared i.e. alginate mixed with distilled water, alginate
EP02 mixed with 0.12% Chlorhexidine and alginate mixed with Aloe
Acinetobacter nosocomialis surface membrane proteins vera extract. The samples were prepared under sterile
profiling in search of potential surface biomarker(s) for condition and placed in different petri dishes that are
rapid diagnosis inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus and Candida
albicans. After incubation in aerobiosis, inhibition of the
Ahmad Ibrahim Bagudo1,3, Azian Harun1,2, Kirnpal Kaur microbial growth was measured, and the results were
Banga Singh1,2 interpreted. The data was analysed with SPSS 22.0 by using
1
Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, One-way ANOVA test.
School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Results: The result showed that Aloe vera extract mixed with
Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. alginate has significantly inhibited Staphylococcus aureus
2
Hospital USM, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, and Candida albicans.
16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. Conclusion: Alginate mixed with Aloe vera extract has the
3
Department of Microbiology, Kebbi State University of potential to be the future self-disinfected dental impression
Science and Technology, Nigeria. material. However, further research is needed to evaluate the
antimicrobial effect on other oral microorganisms and also its
✉: aamadee96@gmail.com effect to the physical properties of alginate.

16 
 
Abstracts: ICMHS 2018 Arch Orofac Sci (2018), 13(Suppl 1): 1-30.

EP04 and poor control T2DM (HbA1c  6.5%) (each group, n =33)].
Fasting serum samples were collected and analysed for PON
A narrative review of questionnaires used for the study on activity and oxLDL to calculate PON/OxLDL. The results were
the usage and acceptability of Hall technique by paediatric expressed as mean±SD which were analysed by one-way
dental specialists
ANOVA. The p value 0.05 was considered significant.
Fabiha Jesmin, Aimi Binti Kamarudin, Fadzlinda Baharin Results: The PON activity to oxLDL ratio was significantly
higher in healthy subjects compared to poor control HbA1c
School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health diabetic group. The good control HbA1c group showed higher
Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. PON/OxLDL compared to poor control HbA1c group although
statistically not significant.
✉: fabihajesmin@student.usm.my Conclusion: The study showed the higher PON/OxLDL in the
Introduction: Hall technique has been established as a novel order of healthy subjects > good control HbA1c T2DM group >
method for managing decayed primary molars without local poor control HbA1c T2DM group. Therefore, it could be
anaesthesia, caries removal and tooth preparation. Despite speculated that good control of T2DM might preserve PON
good evidence of its effectiveness, the usage of Hall technique activity and further reducing oxidative stress, which was
among specialists are still noticeably low. Many questionnaire- associated with T2DM complications. However further studies
based studies have been conducted to assess Hall technique’s are needed to confirm this.
acceptability and usage by the paediatric dental specialists.
Objective: To assess the questionnaires on Hall technique EP06
and its acceptability by the specialists.
Methodology: Search was performed using Scopus, PubMed, A novel chitosan-based accelerated Portland cement for
Google Scholar and ProQuest databases published from 2000 endodontic treatment: evaluation of physicochemical
to 2018. The keywords used in the search were ‘Hall properties, cytotoxicity and mineralization activity
technique’, ‘preformed metal crown’, and ‘questionnaire’. After Hasan Subhi1, Adam Husein1, Dasmawati Mohamad1, Asma
relevant articles were found, critical appraisals were made to Abdullah Nurul2
select those that were suitable for narrative review. The
1
selection criteria used were questionnaire-based study on Hall School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health
technique, usage and acceptability of Hall technique by the Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
2
specialists. School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health
Result: Based on the keywords, 205 relevant articles were Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
found and out of those, 6 articles were selected for the
narrative review. ✉: adamkck@usm.my; nurulasma@usm.my
Conclusion: After reviewing the questionnaires on the basis
Introduction: The disadvantages of mineral trioxide aggregate
of scoring criteria, statistical analysis, result and conclusion, it (MTA) are its delayed setting time and high cost, which
can be concluded that a questionnaire can be an effective tool
necessitates the search for an alternative cheaper and better
to assess the usage and acceptability of Hall technique by
biocompatible endodontic material. Accelerated Portland
paediatric dental specialists. We also found that there were no cement (APC) has favorable physicochemical and biological
questions about the treatment charge and parents’
properties. Chitosan (CT) also has been used in numerous
acceptability with regards to the treatment charges.
medical applications due to its various biological properties.
Furthermore, there should be more questions which can give Thus, in the present study a new endodontic material
the information regarding the Hall technique in special need
synthesized from APC in combination with CT was developed.
and medically compromised children.
Objectives: This study aimed to develop chitosan-based
accelerated Portland cement (APC-CT), and to evaluate its
physicochemical, mechanical and cellular properties.
EP05
Methodology: APC-CT was prepared with different CT
Paraoxonase activity to oxidized low density lipoprotein concentrations. Setting times, compressive strength, pH, and
ratio in Type 2 diabetes mellitus Malay patients in Hospital solubility were examined. Cell apoptosis and attachment of
Universiti Sains Malaysia stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) on
APC-CT were assessed and mineralization activity was tested
Hanim Afzan binti Ibrahim1,2, K. N .S. Sirajudeen2,Julia Omar2, using Alizarin and Von Kossa staining.
Mohd Rafi2, Wan Mohd Izani Wan Mohamed3 Results: The results were comparable or better than those
1 reported by other studies for MTA. The setting time,
School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health
compressive strength, pH, and solubility obtained ranged
Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
2 between 40-49 min, 57-39 MPa, 10.87–11.04, and 3.23–
Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical
2.44%, respectively. No apoptotic effect was detected when
Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150
treated with the material extracts, with early and late apoptosis
Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
3 percentages of <1.77% and <2.9%, respectively. The SEM
Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences,
image showed flattened cells distributed across and adhered
Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang
to the material surface. Alizarin red and Von Kossa staining
Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
indicated increased mineralization activity with higher CT
✉: afzankk@usm.my; sirajuden@usm.my concentrations.
Conclusion: APC-CT demonstrated enhanced
Introduction: Paraoxonase (PON) is a high-density lipoprotein physicochemical properties, biocompatibility, and
associated enzyme and prevents the oxidation of low density mineralization activity which shows promise as a potential
lipoprotein (LDL) to oxidized LDL (OxLDL). Oxidative stress alternative material to conventional materials in endodontic
leads to the complications of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treatments.
patients and increased PON activity is suggested to reduce
oxidative stress thereby reduce the diabetic complications. The
complications of T2DM are strongly associated with patient’s
diabetic control.
Objective: This study assesses the PON activity to oxLDL ratio
of Malay healthy subjects, T2DM patients with good control (of
HbA1c) and poor control (of HbA1c).
Methodology: A total of 99 subjects were divided into three
groups [healthy subjects, good control T2DM (HbA1c  6.5%)

17 
 
Arch Orofac Sci (2018), 13(Suppl 1): 1-30. Abstracts: ICMHS 2018 

EP07 alone (LPS) n=6, LPS treated with CA extract (LPS+CA) n=6,
CA alone (CA) n=6. LPS (5mg/kg) was injected once at day
Biological evaluation of conventional and 0. The CA extract was administered orally (200 mg/kg) for 14
nanohydroxyapatite-silica glass ionomer cement on days through oral gavage. Then, the rats were measured for
dental pulp stem cells: a comparative study their spatial learning and memory behaviour by Morris Water
Hii Siew Ching1, Norhayati Luddin1, Thirumulu Ponnuraj Maze (MWM) test for 6 days.
Kannan1,2, Ismail Ab Rahman1, Nik Rozainah Nik Abdul Ghani1 Results: In MWM test, the LPS group took the longest time
to locate the hidden platform when compared to the LPS+CA
1
School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health group starting from day 3 until day 5 of training trial days
Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. (p<0.05). During the probe test, the LPS group was found to
2
Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, crossover the target platform less (1.90 ± 0.52s) compared to
Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang the LPS+ CA group (2.33 ± 0.42s) (p<0.05).
Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. Conclusion: Learning and memory behaviour in LPS group
indicates that their cognitive functions were impaired due to
✉: norhayatiluddin@gmail.com LPS injection. Treatment with CA extract orally for 14 days
Introduction: An experimental nanohydroxyapatite-silica- shows an attenuation effect on the learning and memory
glass ionomer cement (HA-Silica-GIC) was developed to impairment due to LPS induction.
maximize the beneficial properties of conventional GIC (cGIC).
However, there is limited information on the biological EP09
properties of HA-Silica-GIC.
Objective: To evaluate and compare the cytotoxicity, cell Effect of incorporation of nano-hydroxyapatite-silica into
attachment properties and odontogenic differentiation potential conventional glass ionomer cement
of cGIC and nanoHA-Silica-GIC on dental pulp stem cells
(DPSCs). Imran Alam Moheet1, Norhayati Luddin2, Ismail Ab Rahman1,
Methodology: Material extracts of nanoHA-Silica-GIC and Thirumulu Ponnuraj Kannan1,3, Nik Rozainah Nik Abdul
cGIC were prepared and applied to DPSCs. After 72 hours, the Ghani1
cell viability was determined using MTT assay. The cell 1
Biomaterial Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti
attachment properties of DPSCs was examined under Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian,
scanning electron microscope (SEM) after 24 and 72 hours. Kelantan, Malaysia.
The expression of selected odontogenic genes was evaluated 2
Prosthodontics Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti
using real time RT-PCR on day 1, 7, 10, 14 and 21. Kruskal- Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian,
Wallis and one-way ANOVA tests were used to analyze the Kelantan, Malaysia.
data for MTT assay and real time RT-PCR respectively 3
Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences,
(p<0.05). SEM images of cell attachment properties are also Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang
described. Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
Results: NanoHA-Silica-GIC and cGIC was shown to be slight 4
Conservative Dentistry Unit, School of Dental Sciences,
to non-cytotoxic at all concentrations, except at 200 mg/ml. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang
NanoHA-Silica-GIC demonstrated better cell viability values Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
than cGIC at all concentrations except at 6.25 mg/ml and 12.5
mg/ml. Nevertheless, the results were not statistically ✉: ia_moheet@hotmail.com
significant (p>0.05). SEM examination revealed the increasing
numbers of DPSCs attached to both groups with prominent Introduction: Glass ionomer cements (GICs) are used in
filopodia, especially after 72 hours. The expression of DSPP, dentistry due to their self-adhesive, anti-caries and good
DMP1, OCN, ALP and COL1A1 were up-regulated in DPSCs biocompatibility properties.
treated with HA-Silica-GIC in real time RT-PCR. Objective: To compare the conventional glass ionomer
Conclusions: NanoHA-Silica-GIC exhibited good cement (cGIC) and nano-hydroxyapatite-silica (nano-HA-Si)
biocompatibility which is comparable to cGIC, favoured the incorporated GIC on surface roughness, colour stability, sol-
attachment of DPSCs and induced the odontogenic sorption and fluoride release property.
differentiation of DPSCs. Methodology: Nano-hydroxyapatite-silica was synthesized
using the one-pot sol-gel technique. It was characterized
using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray
EP08 diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and
The effect of Centella asiatica extract against transmission electron microscope (TEM). GIC specimens
lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced learning and memory were fabricated according to the manufacturer’s instructions,
impairment in rats with the addition of 10% of nano-HA-Si by weight. Surface
roughness, colour stability, sol-sorption and fluoride release
Idris Long1, Puteri Shafinaz Akmar2, Asiah Osman2, Mazura of the cGIC and nano-HA-Si-GIC were evaluated. The results
Pisar2, Nurhanan Murni Yunos2 were analysed using repeated measure ANOVA and two-
1 tailed t-test.
School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia,
Results: FTIR and XRD analysis confirmed the formation of
Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
2 hydroxyapatite-silica nano-particles. SEM and TEM images
Forest Research Institute Malaysia, 52109 Kepong,
showed that all hydroxyapatite crystals were elongated and
Selangor, Malaysia.
covered by smaller silica particles. Nano-HA-Si-GIC reported
✉: idriskk@usm.my noticeable slight change in color as compared to cGIC. Nano-
HA-Si-GIC was found to have a lower surface roughness
Introduction: Centella asiatica (CA) has been reported to value (0.13 ± 0.01 μm) as compared to cGIC (0.16 ± 0.03
have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and memory enhancing μm). Sol-sorption value of nano-HA-Si-GIC was increased
properties. However, the neuroprotective effect of CA extract compared to cGIC. Nano-HA-Si-GIC showed a significant
on spatial learning and memory in Alzheimer diseases rat’s increase in fluoride ion releasing property on day 1.
model is still uncertain. Additionally, it was found to have a better and sustained
Objective: To determine the effect of CA extracts on the fluoride release over a period of 28 days.
learning and memory behaviour in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- Conclusions: Addition of nano HA-silica to cGIC significantly
induced neuroinflammation rat model. enhanced the physical and chemical properties of the
Methodology: Twenty-four male Sprague Dawley rats were material. Hence, it can be suggested as a potential future
divided into 4 groups consisting of saline control (C) n=6, LPS dental restorative material in dentistry.

18 
 
Abstracts: ICMHS 2018 Arch Orofac Sci (2018), 13(Suppl 1): 1-30.

EP10 CI (-3.22, -2.06), p<0.001]. Four (4) variables were significant in

the final model that explained 48.5% of the variance for baseline
Perception of discharge planning implementation among
nurses in critical care area at Hospital USM knowledge scores; gender, number of pre-school children,
education level and exposure score (p<0.05).
Jilly Andria Johnes1,2, Intan Baiduri Badri1,2 Conclusion: Educational intervention used in this study was
1
effective in increasing parental knowledge on childhood
School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health immunization. Further studies are recommended to identify
Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. other predictors influencing parental knowledge regarding
2
Hospital USM, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, immunization.
16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
✉: baiduri@usm.my EP12
Introduction: Discharge planning is a development of Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep deprivation causes
personalized plan for each patient that aimed to reduce length endothelial dysfunction in rat model
of stay in the hospital and improve the outcome. Past studies
have shown that defects in discharge planning are caused by Liza Noordin1, Tengku Farah Adilah Tengku Adnan1, Che
poor communication, lack of assessment and planning, short Badariah Ab Aziz1, Wan Amir Nizam Wan Ahmad2, Sabreena
notice for discharge and inadequate assessment of needs to Safuan2
the vulnerable individuals. 1
School of Medical Sciences, 2School of Health Sciences,
Objectives: To identify the perception of discharge planning
Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang
implementation among nurses in critical care area at Hospital
Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
USM.
Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted on 100 ✉: lizakck@usm.my
nurses from the critical care area and was selected through
Introduction: Endothelial dysfunction is an early sign of
convenient sampling method from January to April 2018.
cardiovascular disease. It is manifested by alteration in
Perception of Discharge Planning Scale (PDPS) was used to
endothelial function and morphology. To date, there is no
collect the data which were then analysed by the SPSS 22.0
study has looked at the association between rapid eye
software.
movement (REM) sleep deprivation and endothelial
Result: In total, 33.0% of the respondent agreed that discharge
dysfunction.
planning was appropriate in critical care area while 50.0% of
Objectives: To evaluate the effects of REM sleep deprivation
the respondent agreed that discharge planning was not a
on vascular contractility, vascular morphology and levels of
priority in critical care area and 13.0% of the respondent had
endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) protein expression.
lack of understanding with regards to discharge planning.
Methodology: Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats
There was no significant association (p=0.13) between working
were equally divided into 3 groups: free-moving control rats
experience and perception towards discharge planning among
(FMC), 72-h REM sleep-deprived rats (REMsd) and tank
nurses in the critical area. However, there was a significant
control rats (TC). Rats were deprived of REM sleep for 72
association (p=0.001) between critical area nurses’ perception
hours using the inverted flowerpot technique. Thoracic
towards discharge planning and outcome of discharge
descending aortas were subjected to in vitro functional
planning in critical area.
myograph study and morphology assessment using
Conclusion: It is recommended that courses or workshop of
hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and scanning electron
discharge planning should be held to expose nurses with more
microscope (SEM). Levels of eNOS protein expression were
knowledge of discharge planning.
measured in femoral arteries by Western blotting.
Results: An impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxation
EP11 with presence of vasomotion, and low levels of eNOS protein
The effect of educational intervention on knowledge expression were observed in REMsd rats when compared to
regarding immunization among parents attending Hospital other groups. All groups showed normal endothelium in H&E
Raja Perempuan Zainab II (HRPZ II), Kelantan staining, but endothelial damage was observed in REMsd rat
using SEM.
Lee AL, Annuysia M, Wan MBWA, Nur MBAB, Nazmi LBA Conclusion: REM sleep deprivation is associated with
abnormal endothelial function and morphology. Decreased
Department of Pharmacy, Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II, 
eNOS protein expression by the endothelial cells leads to
15586 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.
reduce nitric oxide bioavailability, which is an endogenous
✉: janetleeling@yahoo.com vasorelaxation factor. Thus, REM sleep deprivation causes
endothelial dysfunction in rats.
Introduction: Immunization has been proven to control and
eradicate serious infectious diseases in children. Immunization
status among children can be affected by parental knowledge. EP13
Objective: To evaluate the impact of educational intervention Evaluation of artefact in the quality of craniofacial
as well as predictors influencing knowledge regarding anatomical computed tomography scan (CT) from
immunization among parents. different types of orthodontic bracket
Methodology: This was an intervention study conducted from
January to August 2017. The inclusion criteria were all parents Mahmud Mohammed1, Norma Ab. Rahman1, Ahmad Hadif
with children less than 12 years old receiving treatment at Zaidin Samsudin2
HRPZ II, Kelantan. Subjects were recruited through a 1
convenience sampling at pharmacy outpatient counter when School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health
they came to refill their prescriptions. They were invited to Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
2
watch an educational animated movie which was adopted from School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health
previous literature. They were required to complete a self- Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
administered questionnaire before and after intervention.
✉: mahmudmohammedfahim@gmail.com
Results: A total of 67 parents were recruited in our study. Most
of them were Malay (86.6%, n=58) mothers (52.2%, n=35) with Introduction: Metal artefact is the most common type of
a mean age of 36.2 (SD 6.66) years old. The number of parents artefact in computer tomography (CT) imaging which can affect
who could correctly answered all 10 items significantly increased the diagnostic image quality.
following educational intervention (p<0.05). There was a Objective: To evaluate the artefact intensity from different
significant improvement in mean knowledge scores between types of orthodontic brackets (stainless steel, titanium,
pre- and post-intervention [5.84(SD 2.26) vs 8.48(SD 1.50), 95% monocrystalline, ceramic) in craniofacial CT scan.

19 
 
Arch Orofac Sci (2018), 13(Suppl 1): 1-30. Abstracts: ICMHS 2018 

1
Methodology: This is a prospective in-vitro cross-sectional Department of Anatomy, 2 Department of Chemical
study. Four types of orthodontic brackets were bonded to the Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains
tooth surfaces (from right second premolar to right central Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan,
incisor for both arches) on a human cadaveric skull Malaysia.
consecutively. All scans were done by a single operator using
same CT machine (TOSHIBA CGGT-032A) following a ✉: hazim_zulkaflee@yahoo.com
standard scanning protocol (kvp-120, exposure time-500, x-ray Introduction: Oxidative stress is damage resulting from
tube-200, slice thickness 1mm). Artefact intensity for images disequilibrium between oxidants and antioxidants. During
were measured by calculating their maximum, minimum & stress, the level of GSH, GSSG and GSH: GSSG ratio
mean grey values by using ImageJ software (ImageJ version fluctuates which can reflect the redox thiol status. Omega-3
1.50i). One-way ANOVA post hoc analysis was used for the fatty acid (DHA) and Tualang honey (TH) have been
data analysis. recognized for having antioxidant properties that can control
Result: From this study, the artefact intensity for stainless oxidative stress. However, the brain glutathione level is yet to
steel bracket revealed a higher mean value compared to the be determined following supplementation with DHA or TH in
other three types of the brackets. The mean values of the the chronically stress exposed rat.
artefact intensities are: stainless steel bracket (1.64), titanium Objective: To determine the brain glutathione level following
(1.56), monocrystalline (1.49) and ceramic (1.47). A pretreatment with DHA, TH, and their combinations.
significant difference (p=0.007) of artefact intensity between Methodology: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly
stainless-steel and ceramic bracket was observed. divided into five groups: Control, Stress, DHA treated stress,
Conclusion: A difference in artefact intensities were TH treated stress, and Combined (DHA+TH) treated stress
observed depending on the types of the brackets. Stainless- group. The animals were pretreated orally with water, DHA
steel bracket showed more artefact compared to other type (0.9 g/kg body weight), TH (2.0 g/kg body weight) or both, two
of brackets. times/day at 6-hour intervals. Restraint stress and forced
swimming test were conducted during the 6-hour intervals.
The rats’ bodyweights were taken initially, weekly and at the
EP14 end of experiment.
Knowledge, awareness and attitude of adult basic life Results: Chronic stress caused elevation of GSSG in stress
support among final year students in School of Health group compared to other groups although the differences
Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia were insignificant (p>0.05). Pretreatment with DHA
significantly (p<0.05) increased the GSH level compared to
Mimi Nor Asimah Setapani, Intan Baiduri Badri the control, stress and TH treated stress group. GSH/GSSG
ratio was significantly (p<0.05) increased in DHA treated
School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health stress group compared to the stress and TH treated stress
Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. group.
Conclusion: DHA supplementation may have protective
✉: baiduri@usm.my
effect against oxidative stress. However, TH supplementation
Introduction: Cardiac arrest is a common emergency and and its concomitant use with DHA should be considered for
has direct influences on the patient’s mortality and morbidity. better oxidative stress control.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation and basic life support (BLS)
play important roles in early restoring the function of heart
circulation. EP16
Objectives: To assess the knowledge, awareness and
Oxidised low density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-induced
attitude level of adult BLS among final year students in
intracellular calcium alone is not sufficient to cause
School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM).
human macrophages cell death
This study also assessed the associated factors of the
knowledge, awareness and attitude level. Mohd Izani Othman1,2, Steven Gieseg2
Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted on
1
182 final year students of School of Health Sciences, USM Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA,
through simple random sampling. This study used a self- Cawangan Pulau Pinang, Kampus Bertam, 13200 Kepala
administered questionnaire which consisted of four parts: Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
2
demographic information, knowledge, awareness and School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury,
attitude towards BLS. The data were analysed using SPSS Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand.
24.0 software.
Results: In this study, 80.2% of the respondents presented ✉: izaniothman@gmail.com
poor knowledge of BLS, 75.8% had poor awareness, and Introduction: OxLDL has been known to be toxic to various
only 56.0% presented good attitude towards BLS. The types of cells but its mechanism of action is not fully
knowledge level was significantly associated with gender understood. Previous work in our laboratory has showed the
(p=0.022), and experience (p=0.009) with BLS, while there ability of oxLDL to cause calcium influx and increase
was no significant association between awareness level intracellular calcium. Calcium ionophore A23187 (BrA) has
towards gender (p=0.525) and experience (p=0.716) with been widely used to study calcium dynamics. It is highly
BLS. The attitude level had significant associations with type selective and enhances the ability of calcium to cross the cell
of courses (p=0.014) and experience in BLS (p=0.000). membrane and increases cytoplasmic calcium.
Conclusion: The findings indicate that knowledge and Objective: To examine the effects of oxLDL as compared to
awareness of BLS among students were still poor. BLS calcium ionophore in inducing intracellular calcium, reactive
course teaches essential life-saving skills and it is oxygen species (ROS) and cell death in human macrophages.
recommended to be learned by all undergraduate students. Methodology: Human macrophages were treated with LC50
concentration of oxLDL and 5 µM BrA. After 1 hour and 3 hours
of incubation, intracellular calcium and ROS levels were
EP15 measured by flow cytometer using Fluo 3AM and DHE
Brain glutathione level in rats exposed to chronic stress fluoroprobes respectively. Cell viability was determined using
on omega-3 fatty acid and Tualang honey propidium iodide (PI) via flow cytometry assay after 24 hours.
supplementation Results: Huge increase in intracellular calcium was seen after
an hour incubation with 5 µM BrA compared to oxLDL. This
Mohd Hazim Zulkaflee1, Mohd Asnizam Asari1, Nur Shafika lead to a large increase in ROS (superoxide) production
Mohd Sairazi2 measured after 3 hours followed by cell viability loss for both

20 
 
Abstracts: ICMHS 2018 Arch Orofac Sci (2018), 13(Suppl 1): 1-30.

cells incubated with 5 µM BrA and oxLDL. Both oxLDL and AGEs. Assessment of CML may help to identify patients
BrA induced intracellular calcium levels which disrupt Ca2+ at risk of long-term complications.
homeostasis and resulted in increased oxidative stress but at Objective: To compare the level of CML in Type 2
different magnitudes. diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and healthy
Conclusion: OxLDL is causing elevation in intracellular participants.
calcium levels but the increase is insufficient to cause cell Methods: A case-control study was conducted at
death. Diabetic Clinic, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia,
Kelantan. Groups of T2DM aged between 18 to 65 years
EP17 old were randomly selected from those who were not on
dialysis, having severe anemia or poorly controlled
The flexural properties of flowable composite from rice hypertension. Healthy participants were those with no
husk medical illness. The exclusion criteria were smoker,
alcohol consumer, pregnancy, breast feeding, on
Nazrul M. Yusoff, Yanti Johari, Ismail Ab Rahman, antioxidants and received blood transfusion less than one
Dasmawati Mohamad, Zaihan Ariffin, Mohd Fadhli Khamis, year. Random venous blood for CML was analyzed using
Adam Husein Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and
School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health comparison between the two groups was made using
Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. Mann-Whitney test.
Results: A total of 39 T2DM [age mean (SD) =56 (6.17)
✉: yjohari@usm.my years old] patients and 40 healthy participants [age mean
Introduction: Flowable composite is a type of tooth-coloured (SD) = 40 (13.23) years old] were included. There was a
restorative material with a reduced viscosity and better significant difference between the level of CML in T2DM
handling ability. Generally, it is composed of filler, monomer patients and healthy participants (p< 0.001). The median
and coupling agent. The most commonly used filler namely (IqR) were 479.85 (707.81) and 109.69 (82.02) ng/ml
silica is usually synthesized from expensive and toxic respectively.
chemical precursors. As an alternative silica source, rice Conclusion: The levels of CML among T2DM patients
husk provides renewable and sustainable green silica to be were significantly higher than healthy participants. Thus,
used as filler for flowable composite. CML could be used as a marker for assessment of
Objective: To fabricate flowable composites from rice husk diabetic complications, however, further studies are
and study the effect of Bis-GMA dilution on their flexural needed to confirm it.
properties.
Methodology: Flowable composites were fabricated by EP19
mixing nanohybrid silica from rice husk with Bis-
GMA:TEGDMA monomer at three different ratios, 50:50, Oral health knowledge and practices of antenatal
45:55 and 40:60. Ten bar shaped samples (25 x 2 x 2 mm) mothers in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia
for each group were prepared in split stainless-steel mould,
and light cured. Prior to flexural test, all the composites were Muhammad Azim Syahmi Kamaruddin, Norsamsu Arni
immersed in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours. The flexural Samsudin
strength and modulus were measured using universal testing School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health
machine (UTM) (AGX-Plus Shimadzu, Japan). The data were Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
analysed by one-way ANOVA followed by Scheffe post hoc
test. ✉: arnisamsudin@usm.my
Results: All the flowable composites had passed the
minimum flexural strength value complied to ISO and their Introduction: Current evidence highlights the importance of
flexural modulus were in the acceptable range. No significant oral health during pregnancy.
difference was detected on their flexural strength [F(2,27) = Objective: To assess knowledge, self-perceived oral hygiene
1.136; p>0.05], while there was significant difference on their status and practices of pregnant mothers in Hospital Universiti
flexural modulus [F(2,27) = 28.742; p<0.05]. Sains Malaysia (USM), Kelantan.
Conclusion: Flowable composites were successfully Methodology: This was a cross-sectional survey of 76
fabricated from rice husk. The flowable composites with pregnant mothers attending Obstetrics & Gynaecology
different dilution of Bis-GMA had no significant effect on their specialist clinic in Hospital USM. The questionnaires contain
flexural strength but had significant effect on their flexural items relating to self-perceived dental problems, dental visits,
modulus. barriers to seeking dental care, oral hygiene habits,
perceptions of oral health, knowledge about oral health and
access to dental care.
EP18 Results: In term of oral health knowledge, more than half of
Preliminary study on the comparison of N- the respondents were aware that they had dental problems
Carboxymethyllysine (CML) level between Type 2 during pregnancy including cavitated tooth (34.2%) and
diabetes mellitus patients and healthy subjects sensitive tooth (23.7%). However, they have limited knowledge
regarding association of mother's poor oral health with low birth
Mohd Zulhafiz Mat Rahim1,4, Noorazliyana Shafii1,4, Najib weight baby, transmission of decay bacteria to baby's mouth
Majdi Yaacob2,4, Wan Mohd Izani Wan Mohamed3,4 and baby's recommended first dental visit. Majority (98.7%)
1 agreed that their oral health was important as part of general
Department of Chemical Pathology, 2 Unit of Biostatistics
health. Regarding practice, only 35.3% of respondents visited
and Research Methodology, 3 Department of Medicine,
dentist in the last six months. Time constraints (60.5%) and
School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia,
safety concerns regarding dental treatment during pregnancy
Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan,
(30.3%) were the main barriers to seek dental care. Majority
Malaysia.
4 (90%) did practise at least twice daily tooth brushing with adult
Hospital USM, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus,
fluoridated toothpaste, while some using daily mouthwash
16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
(36.8%) and floss (11.8%).
✉: noorazliyana@usm.my Conclusions: There is still a limitation of knowledge regarding
oral health care among pregnant mothers in Hospital USM.
Introduction: Advanced glycation end products (AGEs)
These findings suggest that the need for more vigorous
involved in the pathogenesis of all diabetic complications. preventive strategies involving dentist and antenatal care
N-Carboxymethyllysine (CML) is one of the biomarkers of providers to improve maternal oral health in Hospital USM.

21 
 
Arch Orofac Sci (2018), 13(Suppl 1): 1-30. Abstracts: ICMHS 2018 

EP20 current control measures in the teaching laboratory was also

assessed.
Pulse wave analysis combined with pharmacological Results: The qualitative observation of CHRA had identified
challenges in the assessment of global endothelial that the teaching laboratories in this local university have
function in patients with hypercholesterolaemia significant risk and not adequately controlled.
Nik Nor Izah Nik Ibrahim1,3, Maryam Azlan2, Razlina Abdul Conclusions: It means that chemicals used in the teaching
Rahman1,3, Aida Hanum Ghulam Rasool1,3 laboratory may adversely affect the health of the laboratory
operators since there were no adequate control measures in
1
School of Medical Sciences, 2School of Health Sciences, the teaching laboratory. Therefore, the risk control or action
3
Hospital USM, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, should be taken in the teaching laboratory in order to reduce
16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. the chemical health risk to the laboratory operator and to
improve safety practice in that laboratory.
✉: izah@usm.my
Introduction: Pulse wave analysis (PWA) combined with EP22
pharmacological challenges has emerged as a potential tool to
assess endothelial function. Global endothelial function has Coping strategies among family members of children with
been described as the ratio of augmentation index (AIx) chronic disease in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia
changes in response to salbutamol relative to glyceryl trinitrate Nor Adilah Aziz, Intan Baiduri Badri
(GTN). However, data on its clinical use is still limited.
Objective: To compare AIx changes in response to salbutamol School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health
and GTN in patients with hypercholesterolaemia and controls Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
using PWA.
Methodology: Ninety-two subjects [46 ✉: baiduri@usm.my
hypercholesterolaemics, 46 controls] were studied. Baseline Introduction: Coping strategy divided into emotion-focused
AIx was assessed followed by the administration of sublingual and solution-focused is a conscious effort to solve a personal
GTN, an endothelium independent vasodilator. The maximum or interpersonal problem that help in overcoming, minimizing,
AIx change post-GTN was recorded. 30 minutes washout tolerating stress or conflict. Chronic illness can be influenced
period was allowed before the subsequent administration of by genetic condition or environmental factors or both and it
inhaled salbutamol, an endothelium dependent vasodilator. could last from three months to a lifetime. This condition
The maximum AIx change post-salbutamol was recorded. causes both patient and relatives stress.
Results: Baseline AIx in hypercholesterolaemics and controls Objectives: To assess the coping strategies among family
were 27.28% ± 7.23 and 26.78% ± 8.52 (p=0.76) respectively. members of children with chronic diseases at Hospital
AIx change in response to salbutamol in Universiti Sains Malaysia.
hypercholesterolaemics and controls were 2.97% ± 3.95 and Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted on
6.65% ± 3.80 (p<0.001) respectively. AIx change in response 58 family members of chronically ill children with acute
to GTN in hypercholesterolaemics and controls were 13.41% ± lymphoblastic leukaemia and epilepsy through convenience
4.57 and 15.88% ± 4.78 (p=0.01) respectively. The ratio of AIx sampling. The data were collected by means of a validated and
changes in response to salbutamol relative to GTN or global reliable questionnaire, consisting of two sections: socio-
endothelial function was significantly reduced in demographic and managing children with chronic condition.
hypercholesterolaemics compared to controls; 0.21 ± 0.30 and Collected data sets were analysed with SPSS 24.0 software.
0.44 ± 0.24 (p<0.001) respectively. Results: In total, 39.7 % (n=23) had reported experiencing
Conclusion: Global endothelial function assessed by the ratio difficulty; stating parenting stress and burden while providing
of AIx changes relative to GTN was significantly reduced in care for their children. However, there is no statistically
patients with hypercholesterolaemia. This method may provide significant difference (p= 0.147) towards level of family
a simple and non-invasive way in assessing global endothelial members coping between emotion focused and problem
function in hypercholesterolaemia. focused strategies. While, 46.7% (n=14) family members of
patients with acute lymphoblastic reported having more
EP21 difficulty in caring.
Conclusion: The findings indicated that 63.3% family
Chemical health risk assessment in teaching laboratories members found it easy to cope with difficulties. However, more
at local university intervention such as health education and awareness
Nurul Nazleatul Najiha Mohd Nazif, Noor Syuhadah Subki, Nur regarding family function and quality of life in caring their
Hanisah Abdul Malek children’s illness should be implemented by health care
providers including the nursing students.
Faculty of Earth Science, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Jeli
Campus, Locked Bag No 100, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia.
EP23
✉: syuhadah@umk.edu.my
The evaluation of new GIC-nanozirconia-hydroxyapatite-
Introduction: Chemistry and research with chemicals in silica: TEM characterization and compressive strength
university laboratories have been going on for centuries.
Students and staffs who are specifically involve with the Nor Ainon Maziah Ghazali, Wan Zaripah Wan Bakar
research and management of chemicals in the laboratories will
be exposed to the risk of hazardous chemicals. According to School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health
Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994, it is general Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
responsibility of the employer to protect and safeguards the
✉: ainunmaziah91@gmail.com
students and staffs from chemicals health risk during their work
and activities involving chemicals in the laboratory. Introduction: Conventional glass ionomer cement (cGIC) has
Objective: To assess the chemical health risk on the chemical been used for decades as dental restorative materials
usage in the teaching laboratory at one of the local universities especially due to their good bonding to tooth structure and
in Kelantan. fluoride release. However, their weakness in mechanical
Methodology: Chemical Health Risk Assessment (CHRA) properties has lessened their wide range of application. A new
was conducted by doing site visit, observation of the chemical powder formulation was developed aiming to solve the issue
handling practices in the laboratories, interviewing with the by incorporating nanozirconia-hydroxyapatite-silica
students and staffs and also reviewing lab manuals and other (nanoZrO2-HA-SiO2) compound into the cGIC powder.
related documents or records. In addition, the sufficiency of the Objective: To evaluate the morphology of the nanoZrO2-HA-

22 
 
Abstracts: ICMHS 2018 Arch Orofac Sci (2018), 13(Suppl 1): 1-30.

SiO 2 powder and compressive strength of new GIC- EP25

nanoZrO 2 -HA-SiO 2 composite.
Methodology: Nanozirconia-hydroxyapatite-silica Exclusive breastfeeding intention and actual exclusive
compound was synthesized using one pot method before breastfeeding practices among post elective-cesarean
incorporated into conventional GIC Fuji IX powder at delivery women in Kelantan
different percentages from 1-15% using spatulation Noraini Mohamad1, Nazirah Johar2, Norkhafizah Saddki1,
method. Ten cylindrical shaped samples were prepared Zaharah Sulaiman3,Tengku Alina Tengku Ismail4
for each percentage of addition and the compressive
1
strength was evaluated after 24 hours using Universal School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia,
Material Testing Machine (Shimadzu, Japan) with Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
2
crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. One-way ANOVA was Lactation Secretariat, Hospital USM, Universiti Sains
used to compare the compressive strength of the new Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan,
composite with the cGIC. Malaysia.
3
Results: TEM image showed that the new composite Women’s Health Development Unit, 4Department of
consists of homogenously mixture of elongated Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti
hydroxyapatites and spherical zirconia and silica particles. Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian,
The addition of 5% nanoZrO 2 -HA-SiO 2 compound into Kelantan, Malaysia.
cGIC has resulted in highest and significant compressive
strength value which is 174.47 MPa (±13.65) compared to ✉: mnoraini@usm.my
cGIC Fuji IX which is 148.72 MPa (±9.85) at p < 0.05. Introduction: A woman’s intention to breastfeed is one of the
Conclusion: Within the limitation of this study, the new predictors of breastfeeding initiation and duration.
GIC-nanoZrO 2 -HA-SiO 2 composite showed homogenous Objective: To determine exclusive breastfeeding (EBF)
mixture of particles and better performance in intention and actual EBF practices among post-elective
compressive strength. This new composite has the cesarean delivery women in Kelantan.
potential to be commercialized which widen the option of Methodology: A total of 171 women admitted for elective
restorative materials in dentistry. cesarean delivery at two tertiary hospitals in Kelantan had
participated in this prospective cohort study. A Malay version
of Infant Feeding Intention (IFI) scale was administered one
EP24 day before the surgery, and follow-up phone calls were made
at 1, 3 and 6-month post-natal to determine actual EBF
Effects of Etlingera elatior on blood glucose and kidney practices.
function of diabetic rats Results: Before delivery, 86.5%, 82.5% and 77.2% of the
women agreed or strongly agreed to practice EBF for 1, 3 and
Nor Asiah Muhamad Nor 1,3, Kandy Anak Bongli 1, Liza 6-month respectively. After delivery, the actual EBF practices
Noordin 2, Wan Amir Nizam Wan Ahmad 1 were reduced to 80.1%, 59.6% and 42.0% at 1, 3 and 6-
1
Biomedicine Programme, School of Health Sciences, month respectively. No significant association was found
Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang between EBF intention and actual EBF practices at 1-month
Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. and 3-month post-natal. However, a significant association
2
Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, was found between EBF intention and practices at 6-month
Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang post-natal; women who agreed or strongly agreed to practice
Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. EBF were about 2 times more likely to actually exclusively
3
Faculty of Health Science, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, breastfeed their infants than those who were not sure,
Gong Badak Campus, 21300 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia. disagreed or strongly disagreed to breastfeed (OR 2.19, 95%
CI: 1.01-4.76).
✉: wanamir@usm.my Conclusions: The number of post-elective cesarean delivery
women who actually exclusively breastfed their infants were
Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a global public health lower than the number who had the intention prior to delivery,
problem. Uncontrolled diabetes leads to the development of and the practices reduced as the child grew older. Prenatal
various complications such as kidney failure, which is a co- EBF intention at 6-month was associated with actual post-
morbidity factor in diabetic patient. Traditionally, the flower natal EBF practices at that period.
of Etlingera elatior (bunga kantan) has been used as
supplement to lower the blood sugar in diabetic patients.
Objective: To evaluate the antidiabetic properties of E. EP26
elatior aqueous extract (AEE) and its protective effects Development of holistic cardiac rehabilitation module for
against kidney damage in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced Muslim patients using the modified Delphi technique
diabetic rats.
Methodology: AEE was prepared by sonication method. Norizam Muhammad Yusof, Asrenee Abdul Razak, Zurkurnai
This study was conducted for 12 weeks and rats were Yusof, Muhammad Hafiz Hanafi
divided into 4 groups; consisting of normal, untreated
diabetic, AEE-treated diabetic and metformin-treated School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia,
diabetic groups. Diabetes was induced intraperitoneally Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
with 55 mg/kg of STZ. Blood glucose level was measured
✉: norizam.yusof@gmail.com
every 2 weeks. Renal function test was evaluated at the end
of the study. The kidney tissues were evaluated by Introduction: The holistic cardiac rehabilitation (HCR)
hematoxylin and eosin stained sections and scanning module has been built as a special program for Muslim
electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. patients suffering from coronary heart disease (CHD). This
Results: AEE significantly reduced the blood glucose level module is designed to reduce the anxiety and depression
(p<0.0001) and blood urea nitrogen (p<0.001) when experienced by the patients. Reduction of anxiety and
compare with untreated diabetic rats. Histological analysis depression not only reduce the risk of recurring heart attacks,
of kidney tissues showed some improvements in both also to improve the quality of life among the patients.
glomerulus and kidney tubules. Results were also Objective: To develop an HCR module using the modified
supported by SEM image analysis which demonstrated a Delphi technique.
normal arrangement of podocyte and its foot process. Methodology: A modified Delphi technique is a consensus
Conclusion: The findings shows that E. elatior has anti- method for development of HCR module. This study involved
hyperglycaemic activity and may be used therapeutically in 16 expert panels in two round of modified Delphi technique.
minimizing the complications associated with diabetes. The consensus for this study is defined by a 75% of expert

23 
 
Arch Orofac Sci (2018), 13(Suppl 1): 1-30. Abstracts: ICMHS 2018 

2
panels response of strongly agree or agree (4= strongly Department of Chemical Pathology, 3 Department of
agree, 3= agree, 2= disagree, 1= strongly disagree) and a Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medical Sciences,
minimum mean score of 3 on the Likert scale for each Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang
component in round two of Delphi technique. Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
4
Result: The result for second round of Delphi technique Hospital USM, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus,
shows the mean score of 3.9 (98%) for health education 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
(CHD), 3.6 (90%) for health education (anxiety and
depression), 3.8 (95%) for health education (diet), 3.8 (95%) ✉: karyatee@usm.my
for spiritual and 3.6 (90%) for physical rehabilitation. Introduction: Proteinuria is one of the cardinal features of
Conclusion: The results show that the expert panels have preeclampsia (PE) which contributes to maternal and fetal
given their consensus to all the content inside HCR module. morbidity and mortality. It is important to know the level and
Delphi technique was a good tool to gather ideas, type of proteinuria as they may provide information regarding
suggestions and improvements more easily and severity of kidney damage.
transparently from the expert panels. However, the expert Objective: To determine the level and type of proteinuria
panels sometimes take a longer time to provide their among hypertensive pregnant mothers in Hospital USM and
feedback. its association with fetal outcomes.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study of hypertensive
EP27 mothers in Hospital USM was conducted for a 6-month
period. Twenty-four-hour urine samples were collected, and
Investigation of the bystander effects in DBTRG-05MG urinary proteins were measured using turbidimetric method
human glioblastoma cells irradiated under 6 MV photon on an Olympus AU680 chemistry analyzer. The analyses for
beam proteinuria typing were carried out using Hydragel Urine
Nur Hamizah Mohd Zainudin 1,2, Raizulnasuha Ab Rashid1, Profile on an automated Sebia analyzer.
Reduan Abdullah1, Wan Nordiana Wan Abd Rahman 1 Results: A total of 30 patients were identified. Their mean
age was 31 ± 1 years. The mean value of 24-hour urine
1
Medical Radiation Programme, School of Health Sciences, protein was 0.7± 0.83 g/24H. Twenty-one (70%) patients had
Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang selective glomerular type, six (20%) patients had non-
Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. selective type and three (10%) patients had mixed type
2
Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, proteinuria. From 20 (67%) patients whom developed PE,
Gong Badak Campus, 21300 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia. fetal outcomes were prematurity (27%), intrauterine growth
restriction (13%) and intrauterine death (7%). There was no
✉: nurhamizah008@gmail.com association between the level and type of proteinuria with
fetal outcomes (p >0.05).
Introduction: Biological effects of ionizing radiation are
Conclusion: Proteinuria level among hypertensive pregnant
primarily due to direct targeting of the cells’ nucleus leading
mothers was moderately high. Although a majority were of
to DNA damage and cells death. Radiation induced
the selective glomerular type, there were no association with
bystander effect (RIBE) occurs when non-targeted cells
the fetal outcome. A larger study is needed to look at the
also showing radiation response through signals
association of the level and type of proteinuria of proteinuria
transmitted from irradiated cells to non-irradiated cells.
with severity of PE and fetal outcomes.
Objective: To investigate the bystander effects in DBTRG-
05MG human glioblastoma cells irradiated with 6 MV
photon beam. EP29
Methodology: The cells were irradiated with radiation dose
A preliminary report on the association of rs900865 in
of 0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 Gy using 6 MV photon beam in single
rheumatoid arthritis and schizophrenia
exposure. The irradiated cells’ culture media were
transferred to non-irradiated bystander cells 1-hour post- Nur Shafawati AR1, Mohd Razali Salleh 2, Mohd Azhar Mohd
irradiation. Cells viability was measured using PrestoBlue Yasin 3, Wan Syamimee Wan Ghazali 4, Norlelawati Abdul
assay after 24 and 48 hours. Meanwhile, clonogenic assay Talib5, Wan Rohani Wan Taib6, Sarina Sulong 1
were performed to determine the cell survivals of the
1
bystander cells. Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences,
Results: The percentage of cell viability in all bystander Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang
cells groups compared to the controls show no significant Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
2
differences (p>0.05) for both 24 and 48 hours incubation Health and Wellbeing, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti
time. The cell viability results show no radiation dose Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
3
dependence for all bystander cells groups. However, the Department of Psychiatry, 4 Department of Medicine,
cells survivals are found to decrease around 37% for 4 Gy School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia,
which suggest the presence of RIBE responses. Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
5
Conclusion: The cell survival results demonstrated the Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University
possible RIBE responses in bystander cells which received Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
6
medium transfer from irradiated cells. In contrast to the cell Institute for Community Health Development, Universiti
viability measurement that shows no significant differences Sultan Zainal Abidin, Medical Campus, Jalan Sultan
between irradiated and bystander cells. Our current data Mahmud, 20400 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia.
conclude that RIBE is important factors that need to be ✉: shak2_03@yahoo.com
considered in radiation therapy.
Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic
EP28 inflammatory polyarthritis disease involving synovial tissue
of the joints. Schizophrenia (SZ) is a psychiatric disorder
Proteinuria among hypertensive pregnant mothers in stamped by impairment in the perception and expression of
Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (Hospital USM): A reality. Several studies on SZ have been reported indicating
pilot study negative association with RA. However, a strong evidence
to show this relationship is still vague, especially in the
Nur Karyatee Kassim1,4, Julia Omar2,4, Fauziah Jummaat3,4 genetic field.
Siti Nadirah Ab Rahim2,4, Faradilla Eamy Jaar2,4 Zalina Objective: To investigate the association of rs900865 in
Yaacob2,4 both rheumatoid arthritis and schizophrenia.
1
School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Methodology: An associated candidate single nucleotide
Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. polymorphism (SNP) (rs900865) was selected from an

24 
 
Abstracts: ICMHS 2018 Arch Orofac Sci (2018), 13(Suppl 1): 1-30.

exploitation of genome wide association studies (GWAS) EP31

from two databases; Genetic Association Information
Network (GAIN) SZ dataset and the Wellcome Trust Case Syzygium polyanthum as potential renoprotective
Control Consortium (WTCCC) RA dataset. We replicated a agent in hypertensive-renal damaged
case-control study that was done to both RA and SZ Nurul Syahida Ramli 1, Bibi Nur Bazlini Baharun 1, Liza
patients in Malaysia. A total of 159 blood samples (53 Noordin 2, Wan Amir Nizam Wan Ahmad 1
samples for each RA, SZ and control group) were extracted
1
and genotyped using the Taqman SNP genotyping. The School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia,
results were validated by sequencing and analyzed using Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
2
the SHEsis software. School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia,
Results: A non-significant association for the susceptibility Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
of rs900865 was observed for both RA (OR=1.129, p=0.67)
and SZ (OR=1.32, p=0.325). ✉: wanamir@usm.my
Conclusion: Further investigation is needed to study the Introduction: A strong evidence of kidney failure has been
relationship between rs900865 that map between INSC reported to occur in hypertensive humans. Syzygium
gene (involved in retinal development) and SOX6 gene (that polyanthum (Serai kayu), a well-known herb in Malaysia
plays a role in a number of cell developmental processes has been used traditionally as supplement to reduce blood
and is expressed in both the immune and central nervous pressure.
systems), as previous studies have shown association Objective: To evaluate the effects of repeated-dose 12-
between both diseases. weeks oral administration of S.polyanthum aqueous extract
(AESP) towards the blood pressure lowering and the
EP30 morphological improvement in kidney of spontaneous-
hypertensive rats (SHR).
The effects of Tualang honey on the inflammatory
Methodology: Twenty-one (21) SHR and 7 Wistar Kyoto
response in rat cerebral cortex following kainic acid
(WKY) rats were used in four groups of rats. Group 1:WKY
administration
(normal RAT) and Group 2:SHR received distilled water and
Nur Shafika Mohd Sairazi1, K.N.S. Sirajudeen* 1, Mummedy were designated as negative control groups, respectively.
Swamy1, Muzaimi Mustapha 2, Mohd Asnizam Asari 3, Siti In Group 3:SHR received 20 mg/kg losartan (positive
Amrah Sulaiman4 control) and Group 4:SHR received 1500 mg/kg AESP. The
changes in Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) were measured
1
Department of Chemical Pathology, 2 Department of biweekly using a non-invasive technique (tail-cuff method).
Neurosciences, 3 Department of Anatomy, 4 Department of Meanwhile, morphological changes of kidney were
Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti assessed using haematoxylin & eosin staining and
Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). In addition, renal
Kelantan, Malaysia. function test (RFT) was also evaluated in this study.
Results: AESP significantly reduced the SBP (p<0.001)
✉: sirajuden@usm.my; knssiraj@yahoo.com starting at week 4 and remained lowered until end of week
Introduction: Kainic acid (KA) is commonly used 12. In addition, AESP also improved the morphology
experimentally to induce excitotoxicity. Systemic KA structure of kidney damage of SHR. Despite the renal
administration enhanced the production of inflammatory function of AESP-treated SHR not normalised, it was still
mediators [e.g. interleukin 1 β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor improved as compared to untreated SHR.
alpha (TNFα), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)] and Conclusion: This study strongly suggests that S.
concomitantly caused the production of prostaglandins. polyanthum has potential to be anti-hypertensive agent and
Objective: This study investigated the effects of Malaysian concurrently has a renoprotective effect in hypertensive-
Tualang Honey (TH) on the inflammatory response in rat renal damage.
cerebral cortex following KA administration.
Methodology: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into
four groups as Control, KA-treated, TH + KA-treated, and EP32
Topiramate (TPM–antiepileptic agent) + KA-treated groups Perception on the role of dentist in smoking cessation
(n=6/group). Control and KA-treated groups were pre- among army personnel in 8 th Brigade Infantry, Kelantan
treated orally with drinking water, whereas TH + KA-treated
and TPM + KA-treated groups pre-treated orally with TH Ruzawani Ruslan, Munirah Mohd Adnan, Normastura Abd.
(1.0 g/kg BW) and TPM (40 mg/kg BW), respectively, once Rahman
every 12 h for five times. KA (15 mg/kg BW) was injected
subcutaneously 30 min after the last treatment to all groups School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia,
except the control group (normal saline). Animals were then Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
sacrificed at 2, 24 or 48 h after KA administration. Pro- ✉: ruzawani@student.usm.my
inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α), COX-2 and
prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels were analysed in rat Introduction: Prevalence of smokers among Malaysian
cerebral cortex. army personnel is high. Smoking is one of the risk factors
Results: KA significantly (p<0.05) increased IL-1β, TNF-α, for chronic diseases. Smoking cessation program can help
COX-2 and PGE2 levels in the cerebral cortex. to ensure the health readiness of army personnel which
Pretreatment with TH significantly (p<0.05) ameliorated the contributes to their military readiness.
increases of IL-1β and TNF-α, COX-2 and PGE2 levels in Objective: To compare perceptions on the role of dentist in
the cerebral cortex of KA-induced rats at different time smoking cessation activity between non-smokers and ever-
points. smokers army personnel.
Conclusion: This study demonstrated that KA stimulates Methodology: A cross sectional study was carried out
IL-1β, TNF-α and COX-2 levels and concomitantly among 233 randomly selected fit infantry army personnel in
increases PGE2 level in the cerebral cortex and this was the 8th Brigade Infantry, Kelantan. A validated Bahasa
ameliorated by pretreatment with TH through its anti- Malaysia questionnaire was used to measure army
inflammatory property. personnel’s perceptions on the role of dentist in smoking
cessation activity. Descriptive statistics and Pearson Chi-
square test were done using SPSS ver. 22 with statistically
significant at p<0.05.

25 
 
Arch Orofac Sci (2018), 13(Suppl 1): 1-30. Abstracts: ICMHS 2018 

Results: There were 42 (18.0%) non-smokers and 191 Introduction: Optic Neuritis is an inflammatory process
(82.0%) ever-smokers army personnel involved in the involving the optic nerve. It is more commonly seen in the
study. All (100%) were male and majority (92.7%) were adult population with kids making up only 5% of cases. In the
Malays with a mean age of 25.8 (SD 5.06) years. Majority pediatric age group, it is most commonly seen after infection
of non-smokers (81.0%) and ever-smokers (83.8%) or immunization. Less commonly, it may also be the first
expected their dentist to discuss about smoking with presentation of a demyelinating disorder like multiple
patients. Significantly more ever-smokers (30.4%) strongly sclerosis or Neuromyelitis Optica.
agree/ agree that dentist should ask about smoking on Objective: To report a rare case of bilateral optic neuritis in
every visit compared to non-smokers (19.6%); p- a 5-year-old girl.
value=0.024. Methodology: A case report.
Conclusions: Both non-smokers and ever-smokers have Results: A 5 year 6-month-old Malay girl presented with a
positive perceptions on the role of dentist in smoking two-day history of bilateral vision loss with change in color
cessation activity. Significantly more ever-smokers strongly vision, not associated with headaches or eye pain. She had
agree/ agree that dentist should ask about smoking on every previously been admitted 2 weeks earlier with complaints of
visit at dental clinic (p-value=0.024). This provides an insight low grade fever and headaches. She was covered for
towards the needs of smoking cessation activity and infection, but all investigations had come back normal. Her
strengthening the role of dentist in smoking cessation vision on presentation was 6/60 in her right eye and 3/60 in
program among the army personnel. her left eye. Optic nerve functions were reduced bilaterally
with no relative afferent pupillary defect. She had bilateral
EP33 hyperemic swollen disc. She was admitted to the pediatric
ward and covered for meningitis. CT brain showed no
Incidence and geographical distribution of childhood evidence of a space occupying lesion and blood cultures
acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in the state of Kelantan were normal. She was then started on corticosteroid
Salfarina Iberahim1,2, Aziah Ismail3, Ahmad Filza Ismail1,2, treatment and her vision improved to 6/9 bilaterally.
Noor Syamimi Hassan3, Nurul Arifah Idris3, Norsarwany Conclusion: Bilateral optic neuritis in the pediatric age group
Mohamad1,2, Ariffin Nasir1,2, Rosline Hassan1,2 is an uncommon presentation. However, if infective causes
can be excluded, patients usually respond well to
1
School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, corticosteroid treatment with good visual recovery.
Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
2
Hospital USM, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus,
EP35
16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
3
Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Additional chromosome abnormalities (ACAs) in
Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Malaysian chronic myeloid leukemia patients
Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. undergoing treatment with imatinib mesylate
✉: salfarina@usm.my Siti Mariam I1, Norhidayah R1, Zulaikha AB1, Nazihah MY1,
Introduction: Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is the Rosline H2, Ilunihayati I3, Sarina S1, Azlan H4, Ravindran
commonest paediatric cancer accounting for 85% of Ankathil1
childhood leukaemia in Malaysia. The peak incidence of ALL 1
Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences,
occurs between age two and five years. It is more common Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan,
among boys than girls with crude incidence rate was 2.8 and Malaysia.
1.7 per 100,000 children respectively. To date there is limited 2
Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences,
data on geographical distribution of ALL in Malaysia. Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan,
Objective: To evaluate the geographic distribution of ALL Malaysia.
cases referred to Hospital USM, Kelantan 3
Pathology Department, Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II,
Methodology: Hospital USM was chosen to represent the 15586 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.
tertiary centre for the treatment of paediatric ALL. Paediatric 4
Department of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences,
patients who were diagnosed as ALL in Hospital USM were Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan,
recruited from 2002 to 2017. Malaysia.
Results: A total of 134 cases were identified from which 119
(88.8%) and 15 (11.2%) were B-ALL and T-ALL respectively. ✉: sitimariam@usm.my
The mapping of case according to ALL (B and T cell) was
successfully plotted using ArcGIS 10.2 software. The cases Introduction: Even though imatinib mesylate (IM) has
were found concentrated over the northern part of Kelantan become the gold standard drug for treatment of chronic
while there were also cases found sporadically in other part myeloid leukemia (CML), development of resistance in nearly
of Kelantan, Terengganu and Pahang states. Statistically, the 35% of CML patients on IM therapy is a daunting problem.
cases were clustered (NNR: 0.429422, p<0.001). Resistance to IM could be due to a heterogeneous array of
Conclusion: The cases of ALL patients who seek treatment factors. In CML, the occurrence of additional chromosome
in Hospital USM were found to be clustered. The cause of abnormalities (ACAs) during treatment, subsequent to the
clustering needs to be investigated further and this initial t(9;22) has been strongly associated with loss of
geographic ALL incidence data is important for public health response and herald disease progression.
interventions targeting the hotspot area to understand the Objective: To investigate the type and frequency of ACAs in
vulnerable risk factors for ALL. Malaysian CML patients undergoing IM treatment.
Methodology: Bone marrow aspirations of CML patients
were short term cultured, chromosome preparations made,
EP34
stained using GTG banding and karyotyped according to
Rare case of bilateral optic neuritis in a 5-year-old girl: A ISCN (2016).
case report Results: A total of 246 CML patients (160 resistant, 86 good
Shakiran Gunaseelan, Wan Hazabbah Wan Hitam, Mohtar response) were included with age ranging from 20 to 86
Ibrahim years. The prevalence of ACA was 11.8% (29/246). Among
the 29 patients, 22 were in chronic phase (75.9%), 4 in
Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medical Sciences, accelerated phase (13.8%) and 3 in blast phase (10.3%).
Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang ACAs were seen in only those showing IM resistance. The
Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. most frequent ACAs were complex abnormalities (46.7%),
trisomy 8 (13.3%), hypodiploidy (16.7%) and few other single
✉: shakiran28@yahoo.com numerical or structural (23.3%). ACAs were most frequent in

26 
 
Abstracts: ICMHS 2018 Arch Orofac Sci (2018), 13(Suppl 1): 1-30.

females (51.7%) compared to males (48.3%). Out of these Introduction: Multipotent stem cells are characterised by its
29, 14 with complex karyotype showed worst prognosis. self-renewal ability and potential to differentiate into many
Conclusion: Emergence of ACAs constitute an adverse types of cell lineages. This study is focusing on angiogenesis,
prognostic factor in IM treated CML patients. Only where the differentiation target is to turn the dental stem cells
conventional cytogenetic analysis (CCA) can detect ACA and into endothelial-like cells. Thus, a 3D human amniotic
it is mandatory especially in IM resistant patients. membrane (HAM)-based in vitro model mimicking angiogeneic
microenvironment is proposed to further understand the
EP36 endothelial differentiation process. The 3D HAM-based
scaffold is made up of stem cells from human exfoliated
Bilirubin oxidative metabolites in mitochondria and deciduous teeth (SHED) cultured on HAM with the addition of
microsomes of oxidative-stressed liver vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).
Objectives: To determine the capability of SHED to undergo
Siti Nur Fadzilah Muhsain1, Matti A. Lang2, A’edah Abu Bakar1 endothelial-like differentiation on a 3D HAM-based model.
1
Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Methodology: SHED was cultured in a complete medium of
Alam Campus, FF1, Level 10, Bandar Puncak Alam, alpha-minimum essential medium (-MEM). De-epithelialised
Selangor, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. glycerol-preserved HAM was used as a scaffold while VEGF
2
National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology, was added to induce angiogenesis. Cells were cultured in 3
University of Queensland, 39 Kessels Rd, Coopers Plains groups, namely, SHED treated with VEGF (SV), SHED
QLD 4108, Australia. cultured on HAM (SA) and SHED cultured on HAM treated with
VEGF (SAV). The endothelial differentiation was evaluated by
✉: sitinurfadzilah077@ppinang.uitm.edu.my scanning electron microscope (SEM), haematoxylin and eosin
Introduction: The bile pigment bilirubin (BR) is formed in (H&E) and one-step RT-PCR.
mammals via haem catabolism. Though neurotoxic at high Results: The result of SEM showed that SHED had
concentrations, BR has been regarded as a potent antioxidant. successfully differentiated into endothelial-like cells. Through
To achieve the maximum benefit of BR, its intracellular level H&E staining, SHED was found forming a monolayer structure
needs to be carefully regulated. We recently reported on the stromal side of HAM from day 1 until 14 but infiltrated
cytochrome P450 2A5 (CYP2A5) as bilirubin oxidase in into the structure at day 21. Meanwhile, gene expression
microsomes and mitochondria that would eliminate excess analysis revealed that treated SHED was able to retain its
level of toxic BR. Conversely, upon challenging with oxidative stemness along with the expression of endothelial markers.
stress, BR can be oxidized by reactive oxygen species (ROS) Conclusion: Our 3D HAM-based in vitro model with the
to polar dipyrroles known as BR oxidative metabolites (BOMs). addition of VEGF was able to promote SHED-endothelial
Objective: Comparison of BOMs in mitochondria and differentiation.
microsomes of oxidative-stressed liver.
Methodology: Metabolites screening was determined mass
spectrometrically in mitochondria and microsomes fractions. EP38
These fractions were isolated from liver homogenates of mice, α-globin gene mutations among Orang Asli population at
treated with an oxidant stressor. Gombak, Selangor and Gua Musang, Kelantan
Results: Three products of BOMs were identified in the BR
oxidations of microsomes and mitochondria (ions m/z 301,315 Siti Rosmaizati Nor Hisham1, Zefarina Zulkafli1, Mustafa Fadzil
and 333). The amounts were increased after exposure to Farid Wajidi2, Nurul Atikah Rusli1, Rozieyati Mohamed Saleh1,
oxidative stress. The more hydrophilic dipyrroles (ions m/z 301) Suhaida Md Akhir1, Nor Azita Mohd Nasir1
is predominantly produced plausibly to assist excretion. The 1
amount was comparable to ion m/z 315. Relatively stable ion School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health
m/z 333 was significantly higher in mitochondria as compared Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
2
to microsomes which could be due to increased ROS School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia,
availability in this organelle. 11800 Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
Conclusion: During oxidative stress, oxidative products of BR
✉: maizati@usm.my
are increased. The profiles of these products are comparable
in microsomes and mitochondria, suggesting equal efficiency Introduction: Alpha-thalassemia (α-thalassemia) is a
at BR oxidation. hemoglobin genetic abnormality caused by absence or
decrease in production of α-globin peptides due to deletion or
EP37 mutation of one or more of the four α-globin genes. However,
there is a lack of data on the prevalence and detailed molecular
Stem cells-endothelial differentiation in 3D in vitro model characterization of α-thalassemia mutations among indigenous
populations as many studies have focused mainly on major
Siti Nurnasihah Md Hashim1, Muhammad Fuad Hilmi Yusof1,
ethnic groups, mainly Malays, Chinese and Indian.
Wafa’ Zahari1, Hamshawagini Chandra1, Khairul Bariah Ahmad
Objective: To detect α-globin gene deletion and provide data
Amin Noordin1, Thirumulu Ponnuraj Kannan1,2, Suzina Sheikh
regarding different types of α-gene deletion among Orang Asli
Abdul Hamid3.4, Khairani Idah Mokhtar5, Ahmad Azlina1*
1
population at Gombak, Selangor and Gua Musang, Kelantan.
School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Methodology: A total of 102 blood samples were collected
Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. from recruited respondents at Gombak, Selangor (50) and Gua
2
Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Musang, Kelantan (52). Four common types of α-thalassemia
Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang gene deletion in South East Asian population which were –α3.7,
Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. -α4.2, -THAI and –SEA deletion was identified by using Multiplex
3
Tissue Bank Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Gap-Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay.
Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Results: The results showed 7 out of 102 respondents had
Kelantan, Malaysia. alpha gene deletion, 6 (5.9%) single gene deletion of –α3.7 and
4
Hospital USM, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 1 (1.0%) double deletion of –SEA.
16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. Conclusion: The understanding of prevalence and spectrum
5
Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University of α-thalassemia among Orang Asli is necessary for national
Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, Bandar Indera Mahkota, thalassemia awareness and prevention program for better
25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. health planning, especially among Orang Asli communities in
✉: azlinakb@usm.my Malaysia.

27 
 
Arch Orofac Sci (2018), 13(Suppl 1): 1-30. Abstracts: ICMHS 2018 

EP39 EP41
Impact of educational aid in pharmacist counselling on Validation of a prototype debonding device equipped with
quality of life in psoriasis patients force sensitive resistor (FSR) to measure in vivo
orthodontic bracket debonding force
Siti Sarah Ahmad, Nazmi Liana Azmi, Rosalind Sia Guen Lin,
Tengku Nur Eqhwana Ku Jaya, Siti Ruwaeda Mohamad Salim, Tamzid Ahmed1, Norma Ab Rahman1, Mohammad Khursheed
Aisyah Nor Amran Alam2
1
Department of Pharmacy, Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health
15586 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia. Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
2
Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Al-Jouf
✉: mambau_sabi84@yahoo.com University, Sakaka, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Introduction: Psoriasis can negatively affect quality of life ✉: tamzid25@yahoo.com
(QOL). Counselling psoriasis patients may improve their
condition and thus enhance their QOL. Introduction: Conventional in vitro orthodontic bond strength
Objective: To measure the impact of educational aid in studies cannot precisely reflect the effect of various parameters
pharmacist counselling on QOL in psoriasis patients. on the orthodontic bracket-adhesive system inside the oral
Methodology: We conducted a pre and post intervention study environment. Hence, there is a need to develop a device
from September 2017 to February 2018. Inclusion criteria were capable of measuring in vivo bracket debonding force as an
adult psoriasis patients receiving treatment in Hospital Raja estimation of the clinical bonding efficiency of different
Perempuan Zainab II. Patients who participated in Pharmacy orthodontic bonding systems.
Value Added Service were excluded. A flipchart containing Objective: To validate the application of a prototype
information on the disease and treatment for psoriasis was orthodontic bracket debonding device capable of measuring
developed and pilot-tested on 20 subjects. During the first visit, bracket debonding force in vivo, by comparing to the universal
patients were instructed to complete the Dermatology Life testing machine.
Quality Index (DLQI) questionnaire followed by pharmacist Methodology: Sixty maxillary premolar samples were
counselling. Post assessment using the same questionnaire prepared by following a standardized bonding protocol. The
was done after 2 months. Data were analysed using SPSS 0.022” metallic brackets were bonded by the Transbond XT
version 20.0. adhesive with Transbond Plus self-etching primer and LED
Results: We recruited 70 patients which consisted of 37 light cured for 20 seconds. The samples were randomly divided
(52.9%) male and 33 (47.9%) female. Overall, there was a equally into two groups. The brackets were debonded either by
statistically significant improvement in QOL following the lift-off debonding instrument (LODI) which was mounted on
intervention based on DLQI score (p<0.001). During the first the universal testing machine or by the LODI based prototype
visit, majority rated psoriasis had moderate effect on their QOL device equipped with force sensitive resistor (FSR) according
(34.3%, n=24) while after intervention, most of the patients to the groups. The debonding forces were recorded in Newton
found that psoriasis had little effect on their QOL (37.1%, units. Independent sample t-test was used to detect mean
n=26). Strong correlations were observed between pre and difference of debonding force between the groups.
post questions for items 5, 6, 7.1, 7.2, 8, and 9 (p<0.001). Results: No significant difference (p=0.072) of mean debonding
Conclusions: We noted that the use of educational aid as a force was found between the universal testing machine (10.43 ±
part of pharmacist counselling could lead to improvement in 2.71 N) and the prototype device (9.36 ± 1.65 N).
QOL among psoriasis patients. Therefore, it should be utilized Conclusion: The prototype debonding device is validated
in other facilities as well. when the bracket debonding force between the ‘gold
standard’ universal testing machine and the FSR equipped
prototype device is found to be similar. Thus, this prototype
EP40 can be used to measure orthodontic bracket debonding
force clinically.
β-globin gene mutations among Orang Asli in Pos Legap,
Sungai Siput, Perak
EP42
Suhaida Md Akhir, Zefarina Zulkafli, Rozieyati Mohamed
Saleh, Siti Rosmaizati Nor Hisham, Nor Azita Mohd Nasir, Nor Cultural substrate of N200 component in the experience of
Anis Nabilah Mohammad Naser, Lim Boon Huat emotional arousal among Malaysian

School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Tiara Ramli, Mohammed Faruque Reza, Nasir Yusoff
Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences,
Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang
✉: suhaida@usm.my
Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
Introduction: β-thalassemia and β-variant hemoglobinopathy
✉: nasirff@usm.my
occur due to mutations in the β-globin gene and are commonly
found in Malay, Chinese and Indian population. However, the Introduction: Arousal is the dimension of emotion that
number of studies focusing on Orang Asli populations in sensitive to cultural environment in regulating
Malaysia are very limited. consciousness, attention and information processing
Objective: To detect different types of β-globin gene mutation Objective: To investigate the neural substrate of affective
among the aborigines in Pos Legap, Sungai Siput, Perak by state of arousal (N200 Component) as evoked by Malaysian
using the Multiplex ARMS – Polymerase Chain Reaction affective visualization
(MARMS-PCR) techniques. Methodology: This study was implemented in two phases.
Methodology: Fifty blood samples were taken from Orang Asli In Phase 1, a series of Malaysian affective pictures (60
Temiar tribe in Pos Legap, Sungai Siput, Perak. The samples pictures) were displayed to 47 participants. Participants self-
were screened for 12 types of β-globin gene mutation using rated their emotional arousal by using the Self-assessment
MARMS-PCR method. Manikin - a single scale that ranging from 1 (feeling of calm)
Results: Out of the 50 samples, DNA analysis revealed that to 9 (feeling of excited). All pictures were classified into
25 samples had shown a positive detection for Cd 26 (G>A) different levels of arousal (1-3 for low, 4-6 for moderate, 7-9
(44%) and IVS 1-1 (G>T) (6%) mutations. for high). Fifteen pictures (5 for each level of arousal) were
Conclusion: In conclusion, 50% of Temiar tribe are carrier of randomly selected and installed in E-prime software. In Phase
β-thalassemia and β-variant hemoglobinopathy. 2, during an electroencephalograph (EEG) session that was

28 
 
Abstracts: ICMHS 2018 Arch Orofac Sci (2018), 13(Suppl 1): 1-30.

held in the Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory, participants Pathology, 3 Unit of Biostatistics and Research
(N=30) were asked to view the displayed pictures passively Methodology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains
that evoked different intensities of emotional arousal. The Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan,
EEG data was captured with a 128 HydroCel GSN connected Malaysia.
4
to a high-input impedance Net Amps 300 amplifier. Hospital USM, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus,
Results: Arousal emotional modulation (as indicated by the 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
significant difference of arousal intensities) was observed in
the mid-frontal (Fz), temporal (T5) and frontal polar 1, 2 (Fp1, ✉: shikin_nasru@yahoo.com
Fp2) regions, indexed by the N200 amplitude. Meanwhile, the
Introduction: Glutamate pathway has been well
arousal emotional modulations in the temporal (T4) and
documented in schizophrenia related disorder. However, in
parietal (P4) regions were observed to be indexed by the
mood disorder, it is yet to be determined.
N200 latency
Objective: To determine the level of glutamate and the
Conclusion: Cultural substrate of emotional arousal spreads
proportion of abnormal glutamate level among patients with
in specific parts of the brain and might influence the rewards
bipolar disorder.
system of brain circuitry.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted from
October 2017 till June 2018 in Hospital USM. Bipolar
EP43 patients aged 18 to 65 years old who fulfilled the DSM-5
criteria of Bipolar I and Bipolar II were recruited from
The association between vitamin D and lipid profile psychiatric outpatient clinic. Those with chronic medical
among healthy Malay adults illness and either had acute surgery or infarctions to the
brain which may interfere with the glutamate level were
T Salwani TI 1, Roznie Aida Mohd Rosdi 1, Bayani Che excluded from the study. The serum glutamate levels were
Muda 2, Wan Norlina WA 1, Ahmad Badruridzwanullah 3 determined using high-performance liquid chromatography
1 method. Patient’s glutamate level was compared with the
Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical
reference value of 1 to 57µmol/L.
Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus,
Results: Twelve male and 38 female bipolar patients with
16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
2 mean (SD) age of 40.87 (2.08) years old were recruited.
Ministry of Health, 62590 Putrajaya, Malaysia.
3 Estimated glutamate level was 83.73 µmol/L (95% CI: 67.33,
Unit of Biostatistics and Research Methodology, School of
100.12 µmol/L). Majority (24 out of 40) had high glutamate
Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health
level with estimated proportion of abnormal glutamate was
Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
60.0% (95% CI: 44.0, 76.0%). Most of the bipolar disorder
✉: tusti@usm.my patients who have abnormal level of glutamate were in
euthymic and manic episode (60.6% and 60.0%
Introduction: The effect of vitamin D in regulating lipid respectively).
profile is one of the proposed mechanisms for the Conclusion: We observed the pattern of high glutamate in
association between vitamin D deficiency and all mood episodes of bipolar disorder patients. These
cardiovascular heart disease. However, the relationship findings suggest that glutamate systems play an important
between vitamin D status and lipid profile remained unclear. role in disease pathophysiology hence would contribute to
Objective: To determine the association of vitamin D status the understanding of the development and treatment of
with lipid profile among healthy Malay adults. bipolar disorder.
Methodology: This is cross-sectional study, involving 120
healthy Malay adults, age of 18-50 years old from Kota EP46
Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia which were selected via random
sampling. Sample size calculation was done by using single Elevated high sensitive troponin T among end stage
mean formula. To decrease the seasonal variability, the renal disease patients on renal replacement therapy
study was conducted within 2 months, between July and without myocardial infarction
August 2015. Serum 25(OH)D, serum triglycerides (TG),
serum total cholesterol (TC), serum low density lipoprotein Wan Nur Aimi Wan Mohd Zamri1, Noor Azlin Azraini Che Soh
cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol @ Yusof1, Noorazliyana Shafii1, Najib Majdi Yaacob2, Adlin
(HDL-C) were measured. Serum 25(OH)D level less than Zafrulan Zakaria3
30 mmol/L is defined as vitamin D deficiency. 1
Department of Chemical Pathology, 2 Unit of Biostatistics
Results: The mean and standard deviation (SD) of serum and Research Methodology, School of Medical Sciences,
25(OH)D was 23.50 (SD 8.74) nmol/L. The proportion of Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang
vitamin D deficiency among study subjects was 76.7%. The Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
data revealed serum 25(OH)D had significant inverse 3
Department of Pathology, Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab
association with HDL-C (p= 0.009) and significant positive II, 15586 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.
association with TC, TG and LDL-C (p=0.005, p=0.005,
p=0.049 respectively). ✉: nur_aimee@yahoo.com
Conclusions: Our study shows highly prevalence of vitamin D
deficiency among healthy Malay adults in Kota Bharu Introduction: End stage renal disease (ESRD) patients had
populations. Serum 25(OH)D was positively associated with been reported to have greater prevalence of persistently
TC, TG and LDL-C and negatively associated with HDL-C. elevated troponin among those without myocardial infarction
Perhaps by optimizing the level of vitamin D might improve the (MI). This condition provides a diagnostic dilemma to
lipid profiles among healthy adults. clinicians in managing acute coronary syndrome in this group
of patients particularly when the symptoms are atypical or
non-conclusive electrocardiogram (ECG) finding.
EP45 Objective: To estimate high sensitivity-troponin T (hs-TnT)
level among patients with ESRD on renal replacement
therapy (RRT) without MI.
Preliminary study on the glutamate level among bipolar
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted
disorder patients in Kelantan
between September 2017 and April 2018 at Hospital Raja
Wan Norashikin WN1,4, Asrenee AR1,4, Wan Norlina WA 2,4 Perempuan Zainab II, Kelantan. All in-center ESRD patients
,Zalina Y2,4, Saruddin A2,4, Najib MY3,4 on RRT who had no symptom and ECG changes of MI were
1 2
selected. Pre-dialysis venous blood samples were obtained
Department of Psychiatry, Department of Chemical and hs-TnT levels were measured using

29 
 
Arch Orofac Sci (2018), 13(Suppl 1): 1-30. Abstracts: ICMHS 2018 

Electrochemiluminescence Immunoassay method with cobas

e411 analyzer. Comparison were made against the 99th
percentile upper reference limit of 14 ng/L.
Results: Eighty ESRD patients on RRT (31 male and 49
female) with mean (SD) age of 43.06 (17.06) years were
recruited. Troponin T (TnT) level was 108.48 (95% CI: 77.89,
139.03) ng/L and proportion of patients with elevated TnT
was 98.75% (95% CI: 96.26, 100.0%). TnT level was higher
among patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
compared to patients on hemodialysis [median (IQR) of 67.63
(101.33) vs. 38.46 (58.96) ng/L, p=0.007).
Conclusion: Almost all ESRD patients on RRT who were
asymptomatic of MI had elevated hs-TnT level. Therefore,
99th percentile upper reference limit for hs-TnT cannot be
used in ESRD patients.

EP47
Properties of an experimental zirconia stabilized by nano
calcium oxide derived from cockle shell and commercial
nano calcium oxide
Abbas Ibrahim Hussein1,2, Nur Atikah Ab Ghani1, Zuryati Ab-
Ghani1, Ismail Ab. Rahman1, Adam Husein1
1
School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia,
Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
2
Department of Prosthodontic Dentistry, College of Dentistry,
University of Anbar, Ramadi, Iraq.

✉: zuryati@usm.my
Introduction: Different oxides have been used to stabilize
zirconium oxide (ZrO2). Use of calcium oxide (CaO) as a
stabilizer has been studied previously. However, the use of
cockle shell to derive CaO to stabilize zirconia for dental
application has not been done before.
Objectives: To characterize CaO derived from cockle shell
and study the mechanical properties of zirconia stabilized by
CaO derived from cockle shells and from commercial source
when sintered at different temperatures.
Methodology: CaO derived from cockle shell and
commercial CaO were characterized using a scanning
electron microscope (SEM), an energy dispersive X-ray
analyzer (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Crystals of
cockle shell powder were observed under SEM. Flexural and
compressive strengths of CaO stabilized zirconia derived
from both sources were tested using Universal Testing
machine.
Results: EDX showed that the cockle shells contained more
calcium oxide than the commercial calcium oxide, whereas
the commercial calcium oxide contained more oxygen than
the cockle shells. XRD analyses showed that the cockle shell
powder contained aragonite, whereas the commercial
calcium oxide contained calcite. The flexural and
compressive strengths for zirconia stabilized by CaO derived
from cockle shell showed no significant difference compared
to commercial CaO (p>0.05), with the highest strength
achieved at 1400C for both materials.
Conclusion: The mechanical properties of the experimental
zirconia stabilized with nano CaO derived from cockle shell
were comparable to the zirconia stabilized by commercial
nano CaO, thus it may be used as alternative to the current
zirconia available in the market for dental application.

30