The main function of the system circulation, is to extract rock cuttings from the well
during the drilling process. The system is composed of equipment superficial Y sub
surface as shown in the following figura:
The team superficial It is composed of:
The bombs
Mud dams (discharge, settlement and suction)
The Pipe stand, swLevel and arrow
The solids control equipment
He desgasificad or
Auxiliary Equipment
The bombs:
The most important component in the circulation system is the mud pump and the
hydraulic power supplied by it, since this will depend on the spending and the
Pressure required for a good well cleaning.
Salida Cámara de
pulsaciones
Pistón
Vástago
Válvulas
Camisa
Entrada
Dams of mud:
At present, mud dams are metal containers used for the storage and treatment of
drilling mud. Generally three dams connected together are used, with enough
capacity to store at least 1.5 times the total volume of the well.
Presas
3
2
The stand pipe
It is a tubular piece fixed to one leg of the mast, at the lower end it is connected to
the discharge of the pump and at the upper end it is connected to a flexible hose of
high pressure.
Goose neck and swivel: The gooseneck is a tubular piece that joins the flexible
hose with the swivel. The swivel is connected at the bottom with the arrow or kelly
and allows us to turn the drill string while driving.
Manguera
flexible
Solid control equipment:
The tremor is the first equipment used to control the solids product of the drilling, is
installed on the discharge dam, consists of a mesh that is vibrated by a motor. The
size of the particles retained depends on the size of the mesh used, generally
retains particles larger than 40 microns.
For the elimination of smaller particles hydrocyclones and centrifuges are used.
He desgasificad or:
The degassing equipment is of the utmost importance, since formations with some
gas content are often drilled, which, when incorporated into the sludge, decreases
the density thereof, causing instability and bursting in the well.
The main problems caused by an inefficient elimination of the gas in the mud are:
Decrease in the density of drilling mud.
Contribution of fluids from the perforated formation.
Reventones.
Drilling mud contamination.
Instability of the drilled hole.
Auxiliary Equipment:
In addition, the previous equipment, the auxiliary equipment that allows us to keep
the drilling mud in optimal conditions and to increase the safety conditions. These
equipment are:
Agitator: To prevent the deposition of solids and keep the drilling mud in
homogeneous conditions.
Volume totalizer: To monitor the total volume of the drilling mud, it indicates when
there is an increase or decrease in volume.
Barite tanks:
They are used for the storage of the barite in the well, they are pressurized tanks.
