V.B. S.

Purvanchal University, Jaunpur

B. A.-2
Sr. Name of the Paper Theoretical /Practical/ Maximum Duration
Viva-voce/Assignment Marks (hours)
1. National Income Analysis, Money and Theoretical 100 3.00
Banking
2. Public Finance and International Trade Theoretical 100 3.00
Total Marks=200

B. A.-3
Sr. Name of the Paper Theoretical /Practical/ Maximum Duration
Viva-voce/Assignment Marks (hours)
1. Economics of the Less Developed Theoretical 100 3.00
Countries
2. Economic Policy of India Theoretical 100 3.00
3. Optional Theoretical 100 3.00
Group-A.
Quantitative Methods
Or
Group-B
History of Economic Thought
Total Marks =300

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 The Question papers are divided into three sections :
Section A : Ten very short answer questions, based on entire course. Each question must be
answered in about 50 words. (10 x 2= 20 Marks)
Section B : Five short answer questions. Each question must be answered in about 200 words.
(5 x 10= 50 Marks)
Section C : This section will have Five long answer questions. The candidates will have to
answer two questions. Each questions must be answered in about 500 words.
(2 x 15= 30 Marks)
B. A.-1
Economics
Paper–I
Principles of Economic Analysis
M.M. : 100 Duration:- 3.00 hours
Unit-I
Theory of Consumer Behavior: Utility analysis-cardinal and ordinal approaches.
Elements of revealed preference, consumer surplus. Indifference curve analysis:
properties, consumer equilibrium, income, price and substitution effects.
Demand Analysis: Demand function and law of demand, price, cross and income
elasticity of demand.
Unit–II
Production: Production function, combination of factors, laws of production: returns to
scales, Law of variable proportions.
Nature of Costs: Short-run and long-run cost curves, Optimum and representative firms.
Unit–III
Market and Price Determination: Structure of Markets, equilibrium of firm and
industry under perfect competition. Price and output under monopoly and price
discrimination, Nature of monopolistic competition.
Unit–IV
Theory of Distribution and Factor Pricius: Concept and measurement, Net economic
welfare, distribution of national income, marginal productivity theory of distribution,
theories of rent, wages, interest and profit.

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 Books Recommended
1. Stonier and Hague - A Text Book of Economic Theory
2. R. G. Lipsey - An Introduction to Positive Economics
3. Samuelson, Paul - Economics
4. Gould and Ferguson - Micro Economic Theory
B. A.-1
Economics
Paper–II
Indian Economic Problems
M.M. : 100 Duration:- 3.00 hours
Unit–I
Nature and Structure of Indian Economy: Growth and composition. Sectoral
development of the Indian Economy and their interrelationship. Utilization of resource-
human and natural. Problems of population and population policy of India. Need,
Objectives and strategy of planning in India. Poverty, unemployment, its nature and
extent, Employment policy.
Unit–II
Agriculture: Trends in production and productivity, reforms, tenurial system,
Organizational issues. Market cooperative farming, community development project
agricultural and rural development programmes. Technology.
Change in Agriculture strategy: Agricultural production strategy. Price policy in
agriculture.
Unit–III
Industry and Service Sector: Growth and Structure of industry. Industrial and licensing
policies of major industries, large, small and cottage industries. Industrial finance, foreign
capital and multinationals. Industrial labour – wages and wage regulation, social security,
housing, industrial peace, Trade Union movement.
Service Sector: Nature, Structure and Development.
Unit–IV
Economy of Uttar Pradesh: Nature, Structure and Development of U.P.’s Economy.
U.P. Economy through plans. Demographic Scenario of U. P., Infrastructure : energy,

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 transport and water resources. Agriculture, Employment, Poverty, Inter-Regional
Disparities and Policy Issues.
Books Recommended
1. Alak Ghosh–Indian Economy
2. Rudra Dutt & Sundaram–Indian Economy
3. Government of India Annual–Economic Survey
4. Five Year Plans, Govt. of U. P.
B. A.-2
Economics
Paper–I
National Income Analysis, Money and Banking
M.M. : 100 Duration:- 3.00 hours
Unit–I
National Income Analysis: Concept and methods of measurement; Circular flow of
product and income, Government and foreign sectors in national income accounts.
Determination of National income under classical and Keynesian system.
Unit–II
Value of Money: Fisher and Cambridge approaches. Income-expenditure approach.
Keynes’ quantity theory.
Prices: inflation, deflation. Monetary approach. Keynesian approach. Non-monetary
theories of inflation. A brief discussion of relationship between inflation and
unemployment (Philips curve and modified Philip’s curve).
Unit–III
Banking: Types and function. Structure and management, assets and liabilities, creation
of money. Commercial Bankings: Principles and Practices.
Indian Monetary Market: Structure, concept and sources of change in money supply,
Reserve Bank of India, regulatory and promotional functions.
Unit–IV
Foreign Exchange: Concept , demand and supply of foreign exchange; external value of
money-gold standard, exchange rate determination, purchasing power parity theory,
Exchange Control, Objectives and Methods.

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 Books Recommended
1. Manihara, K. K.–Monetary Theory
2. Crowther, G.–An Outline of Money
3. Halm, G. N.–Monetary Theory / Mudra Siddhant (in Hindi)
4. Makinen, Gale–Money: The Price Level and Interest Rate
5. Dilard, D.–Keynes Ka Arthashastra
6. Ghosh, Alak–Indian Economy
7. Rudra Dutt & Sudaram-Indian Economy
8. Samuelson, P. A.–Economics
9. Stonier & Hague–A Text Book of Economic Theory
B. A.-2
Economics
Paper–II
Public Finance and International Trade
M.M. : 100 Duration:- 3.00 hours
Unit–I
Private and Public Goods, Principle of maximum social advantage
Government Budget: Preparation and classification, Sources of Public Revenue,
Taxation. Satisfaction of Public wants, the benefit approach, the ability to pay approach;
incidence and effects of taxation.
Unit–II
Public Expenditure: Wagner’s law, Wiseman-Peacock hypothesis, the critical limit
hypothesis.
Classification of Public Expenditure: Effects of public expenditure on production and
distribution.
Public Debt: Classification, effects, burden, repayment and management.

Unit–III
Fiscal Policy: Stability and Economic growth.
Indian Public Finance: Sources of income-Central, State, Indian Tax System. Public
expenditure in India. Indian Federal Finance.

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Unit–IV
International Trade: Theory of comparative cost. Refinements-Opportunity cost.
Terms of Trade: Concepts and measurement. Free trade and protection. Tariff and non-
tariff methods.
The balance of payments: Equilibrium and disequilibrium. Foreign trade of India and
trade policy.
Books Recommended
1. H. Dalton-Public Finance
2. H. L. Bhatia-Public Finance
3. Alen and Brownley-Public Finance
4. Samuelson, P. A.-Economics
B. A.-3
Economics
Paper–I
Economics of the Less Developed Countries
M.M. : 100 Duration:- 3.00 hours
Unit–I
Economic growth and economic development: Meaning measurement and distinction;
Diverse structure and common characteristics of developing nations; obstacles to
development, Economic and non-economic factors in economic development, Patterns of
resource endowments agricultural, Mineral energy.
Unit–II
Analytical perceptions of problems and policies: Vicious circles of poverty; Dualistic
economic theories, Lewis model of labour surplus economy, Rosenstein Rodan’s theory
of push, Leibestein’s critical minimum effort thesis, Nelson’s level equilibrium trap;
balanced versus unbalanced Rostow’s stages in theory of growth, poverty and inequality
and unemployment.
Unit–III
Towards an equitable world economy: Trade and Economic development; Terms of
trade, concepts, measurement, movements and prospects, international finance and
financial restructuring, south-south cooperation, W.T.O. and development countries.

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Unit–IV
Development and planning: need, concept, types, planning and the market, Formulation
of plans. Objectives, strategy, Plan models, Mahalanobis model, Financing and
achievements of Indian Year Plans.
Books Recommended
1. Todaro, M. P.-Economic Development in the Third World
2. Thirlwal, A. P.-Growth and Development
3. Ghatak, S.-Development Economics
4. Meier, G. M. (Eds.)-Leading Issues in Economic Development
5. Salvatore, D and E. Dowling-Development Economics, Schaum, Outline series in Economics
6. Agarwala, A. N. and S. P. Singh (Eds.)-Economics of Under-development
B.A.-3
Economics
Pape-II
Economic Policy of India
M.M. : 100 Duration:- 3.00 hours
Unit-I
Objectives of Macro-Economic Policy in Developed and Developing countries.
Formulation of Economic Policy: the Process, Policy for Controlling Inflation and
Unemployment. An overview of Population Policy in India. Policy For Poverty
Eradication. Overview of New Economic Policy.
Unit-II
Industrial Policy in India. Role and Objectives of Industrial Policy Private and Public
Sector, Relation of Industry, MRTP and concentration of Economic Power. Private
Foreign Investment in Indian Industries and its Regulation; Multinational corporations
and Industrial Growth; Policy for Small-Scale Industries; India’s Industrial Policy and
Regional Development

Unit-III
Agriculture Policy: Objectives and Overview of Agricultural Policy in India. Agrarian
Structure and Economic Policy; Brief Overview of Community centred Approach:
community Development Project and Panchayati Raj. Genesis and Evaluation of the New

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 Agricultural Strategy. Evaluation of IRPD, NREP, RLEGP & JRY. Green Revolution.
Agricultural Price Policy. Food Policy and the Public Distribution system.
Unit-IV
Trade Policy: Export Policy and Import Policy. Exchange Rate policy and Devaluation.
General Overview of Policies For Foreign Capital Inflow and Multi-lateral Assistance.
B. A.-3
Economics
Paper– III
Group- A (Optional)
Quantitative Methods
M.M. : 100 Duration:- 3.00 hours
Unit–I
Algebra: Theory of numbers, Factorization, A.P., G.P. and H.P. series, Surds and
indices, Identities and equations; Simple, quadratic and simultaneous. Logarithimic and
exponential functions, Determinants. Matrices, basic operations, applications.
Co-ordinate geometry: Co-ordinates, plotting of graphs, Equations of straight line and
parabola, Circle hyperbola.
Trigonometry: Trigonometric functions and basic identities
Unit-II
Calculus: Limits and functions, Derivations of functions of one and two variables,
Higher order derivatives, Maxima and minima, Convexity and concavity and
homogeneous functions. Partials derivatives, Constrained determination, Economic
Applications.
Unit–III
Nature, Scope and importance of statistics for economists, Methods of data collection,
Classification, Tabulation, Graphic and diagrammatic representation.
Measures of central tendency, Arithmetic mean, Median, Mode, Geometric and harmonic
mean, Measures of dispersion, Range, Mean and Slandered Deviation and Coefficient of
variation, Skew ness and Kurtosis.
Unit–IV
Relationship between two variables and correlation coefficient. Definition index numbers
and computation of simple indices. Time series, Concept and components. Probability,
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 Concept, Rules, Random variables. National income estimation in India, Agricultural
statistics, Industrial statistics and population census.
Books Recommended
1. R. G. D. Allen-Mathematics for Economics
2. Mehta & Madnani-Mathematics for Economics
3. Taro Yamaney-Mathematics for Economics
4. A. L. Nagar & R. K. Das-Basic Statistics (latest edition)
5. D. N. Elhance-Fundamentals of Statistics
Group-B (Optional)
History of Economic Though
M.M. : 100 Duration:- 3.00 hours
Unit–I
Pre-classical Economic and Indian Economic Thought: Mercantilism, Physiocracy.
Their views on economic development
Kautilya, Valluvar, Naoroji, Ranade, R.C. Dutt, M. N. Roy, Gandhian Economic
Thought, Gadgil; and J. K. Mehta.
Unit–II
Classical Economics: Evolution of economic science, Smith’s conception of growth and
his criticism of Mercantilist and Physiotatic Doctrines; Smith’s natural philosophy and
economic philosophy. The theory of value: The cause and measure of value. Growth of
National product and its distribution. David Ricardo: The development of labour theory
of value, the theory of distribution and the theory of growth; his views on machinery.
Further modification; Disharmony, Malthusian theory of population and Glut, Malthusian
Glut and Keynesian Stagnation.
Unit–III
Neo-Malthusian: J. B. Say and his law, Say’s identity and quantity. Theory of money,
Keynes and say’s law, Nassau Senior, J. S. Mill and synthesis of classical ideas. The
downfall of the classical system. Classical legacy and Marxism: Approach to economic
problem, Dialectical materialism, Historical determinism capitalist crisis, Socialists and
the Institutionalists.

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Unit-IV
Debate on Methods of Economic Analysis: Historical school, Marginal revolution:
Demand side analysis, Criticism of classical theory of value and distribution, Evolution
of the new theory of value of distribution: Menger, Walras and Jevons, Extension of new
theory: Wieser, Bohm-Bawerk, Wiksteed, Edgeworth, Further developments of the new
theory, Wicksteed and Schumpter, Fusion of demand and supply; Marshall, Politico-
Philosophical background, Evaluation of natural law, Individualism, Liberalism and
Utilitarianism.
Books Recommended
1. Suhunpeter, J. A.-History of Economic Analysis
2. Stigler, G. J.-Essay in the History of Economics
3. Dobb, Maurice-Theories of Value and Distribution since Adam Smith
4. Obrien-Classical Theory of Value and Distribution
5. Gide and Rist-History of Economic Doctrines
6. Meek, R. L.-Physiocracy
7. Meek, R. L.-The Labour Theory of Value
8. Clair, St. Oswald-A Key to Recardo

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