Labsheet Curve (Survey 2)
Labsheet Curve (Survey 2)
ENGINEERING SURVEY 2 Covers knowledge and understanding about control survey, detail survey, data
collection or acquisition, calculation and plotting of survey works. The module puts emphasis on the method
used to carry out surveying works especially data collection or acquisition to produce plan based on the scope of
work. It also gives exposure to the need for accurate data to be used for other surveying works.
LAB SHEET 1:
TRAVERSE (BEARING & DISTANCE) USING TOTAL
STATION
LAB SHEET 2:
DETAILS SURVEY PLAN USING TOTAL STATION
LAB SHEET 3:
RANGING CURVE
LAB SHEET 4:
SETTING OUT FOR CHECKING DRAINAGE GRADIENT
Labsheet 1 : Traverse (Bearing & Distance) Using Total Station
1) Objectives
i. Apply concept distance measurement using Electronic or Laser Equipment
ii. Observe of horizontal angles and vertical angles by using Compass and Total Station.
iii. Observe of horizontal distance and vertical distance by using Total Station.
iv. Create a simple traverse using Total Station.
NO TOOLS QUANTITY
1 Total station
2 Prismatic compass
3 Tripod
4 Hammer
5 Prism
6 Picket
7 Field book/booking form
3) Theory
Electronic Distance Measurement
Electronic distance measurement (EDM), first introduced in the 1950s by the Geodimeter Inc. founders, has
since those early days undergone continual refinement. The early instruments, which were capable of very
precise measurements over long distances, were large, heavy, complicated, and expensive. Rapid advances in
related technologies have provided lighter, simpler, and less expensive instruments—these EDM instruments
(EDM Is) are manufactured for use with theodolites and as modular components of Total Station instruments.
Technological advances in electronics continue at a rapid rate—as evidenced by recent market surveys that
indicate that most new electronic instruments have been on the market for less than two years.
Current EDM use infrared light, laser light, or microwaves. The microwave systems use a
receiver/transmitter at both ends of the measured line, whereas infrared and laser systems utilize a
transmitter at one end of the measured line and a reflecting prism at the other end. Some laser EDM will
measure short distances (100-350 m) without a reflecting prism—reflecting the light directly off the feature
(e.g. building wall) being measured, Microwave instruments are often used in hydrographic surveys and
have a usual upper measuring range of 50 km. Although microwave systems can be used in poorer
weather conditions (fog, rain, etc.) than can infrared and laser systems, the uncertainties caused by varying
humidity conditions over the length of the measured line may result in lower accuracy expectations.
Hydrographic measuring and positioning techniques have, in a few short years, been largely supplanted by
Global Positioning System (GPS) techniques.
Infrared and laser EDM come in long range (10-20 km), medium range (3-10 km) and short range (0.5 to
3 km). EDM can be mounted on the standards or the telescope of most theodolites; additionally, they can be
mounted directly in a tribrach. When used with an electronic theodolite, the combined instruments can provide
both the horizontal and the vertical position of one point relative to another. The slope distance provided by an
add-on EDMI can be reduced to its horizontal and vertical equivalents by utilizing the slope angle provided by
the theodolite. In Total Station instruments, this reduction is accomplished automatically.
4) Procedures
6. Setup first prism as back station and second prism as forward station
6) Report
At the end of this practical, student must within report as follows case:
1. Front page
2. Objective.
3. Equipment used ( with pictures).
4. Field work procedure.
5. Result.
6. Drawings.
7. Calculation data
8. Conclusion.
9. References.
Labsheet 2 : DETAILS SURVEY PLAN USING TOTAL STATION
1) Objectives
i. Apply concept distance measurement using Electronic or Laser Equipment
ii. Observe of horizontal angles and horizontal distance by using Total Station.
iii. Observe the details from traverse station.
NO TOOLS QUANTITY
1 Total station
2 Prismatic compass
3 Tripod
4 Hammer
5 Prism
6 Picket
7 Field book/booking form
3) Theory
Principles of Electronic Distance Measurement (EDM)
Figure 1 shows a wave of wavelength λ. The wave is travelling along the x axis with a velocity of
299, 792.5 ± 0.4 km/s (in vacuum). The frequency of the wave is, the time taken for one
complete wavelength.
Figure 5 : light wave (Source : Courtesy of Leica Co. Inc..Toronto in the Ramsay)
λ=c/ƒ
where λ = wavelength in meters
c = velocity in km/s
ƒ = frequency in hertz (one cycle per second)
4) Procedures
1. Conduct a field reconnaissance at given area determined by lecturer.
2. Set up the tripod and Total Station instrument at station point.
3. Level the instruments through the circle bubble is located at the center.
4. After that, collect data each every point or station.
5. Booking and process the data collection to produce details survey plan.
6. Repeat above steps to complete the details.
1
2
7 6
Figure 6: Shows an area which needs topographic survey. There are some
object illustrated in that figure, such as station (A), building, lamp post and tree.
5) Result and Analysis Data
Refer to recording observation data. Appendix 2
6) Report
At the end of this practical, student must within report as follows case:
1. Front page
2. Objective.
3. Equipment used ( with pictures).
4. Field work procedure.
5. Result.
6. Drawings.
7. Calculation data
8. Conclusion.
9. References.
LABSHEET 3 : RANGING CURVE
3) Theory
Horizontal, circular or simple curves are curves of constant radius required to connect two
straights set out on the ground. The following methods of setting out curves is the most
popular and it is called Rankine’s deflection or tangential angle method, the latter term being
more definitive.
360
Chainage of T1 = Chainage IP – T
Chainage of T2 = Chainage T1 + L
4) Procedures
iii) Chords
ii) Length, L = 2 R
360
2 2
X X² R − R R 2− 2
Y
X X
4. Choose appropriate intersection point , IP in the line and mark the tangent line likes T1 , T2
and IP with ranging pole. Mark the tangent distance T1 − IP
5. From X 1 measure the distance of y1 , and setting to IP in the tangent line. Using optical
1 1
square at point X measure the y mark the point with surveying arrow.
6) Report
At the end of this practical, student must within report as follows case:
1. Front page
2. Objective.
3. Equipment used ( with pictures).
4. Field work procedure.
5. Result.
6. Drawings.
7. Calculation data
8. Conclusion.
9. References.
METHOD 2 - CIRCULAR CURVE USING DEFLECTION ANGLE
1) Objectives
1.1 To calculate setting out of circular curve using deflection angle method
1.2 To apply the method to setting out the circular curve at field.
3) Theory
Horizontal, circular or simple curves are curves of constant radius required to connect two straights set
out on the ground. The following methods of setting out curves is the most popular and it is called
Rankine’s deflection or tangential angle method, the latter term being more definitive.
ii) Length, L = 2 R
360
4) Procedures
6)Report
At the end of this practical, student must within report as follows case:
1. Front page.
2. Objective.
3. Equipment used ( with pictures).
4. Field work procedure.
5. Result.
6. Drawings.
7. Calculation data
8. Conclusion.
9. References.
METHOD 3 : OFFSET FROM LONG CHORD
1) Objectives
1.1 To calculate setting out of circular curve using offset from long chord method
1.2 To apply the method to setting out the circular curve at field.
3) Theory
Horizontal, circular or simple curves are curves of constant radius required to connect two straights
set out on the ground. The following methods of setting out curves is the most popular and it is
called Rankine’s deflection or tangential angle method, the latter term being more definitive.
360
LC = 2RSin
Chainage of T1 = Chainage IP – T
Chainage of T2 = Chainage T1 + L
4) Procedures
LC = 2RSin
III) Long chord
2
IV) Chainage of T1 = Chainage IP – T
V) Chainage of T2 = Chainage T1 + L
,
R
VI) Calculate y1 , y 2 , y 3 and etc… ,and Chords, X =
20
2
L
Y = R 2 − X 2 − - (R 2
− )
2
2 2
X X² R − R Y
L2
X R 2
−
2
1 1
square at point X measure the y mark the point with surveying arrow.
6)Report
At the end of this practical, student must within report as follows case:
1. Front page.
2. Objective.
3. Equipment used ( with pictures).
4. Field work procedure.
5. Result.
6. Drawings.
7. Calculation data.
8. Conclusion.
9. References.
FIELD WORK 4: SETTING OUT FOR CHECKING DRAINAGE GRADIENT
1) Objective:
1.1 Taking the drainage level reading from the main gate of Polimas till the end at drainage
near the Plastic Workshop.
1.2 Calculate the reduced level for each point of the drainage to determine the gradient of the
drainage.
2) Materials and Tools
NO TOOLS QUANTITY
1 Auto level
2 Tripod
3 Hammer
4 Levelling staff
5 Picket
6 Staff Bubble
7 Field book/booking form
8
3) Theory
The controlled process of setting out covers three aspects of positioning new works.
a) Horizontal Control, in which the true relative positions of points are fixed on the horizontal plane
and marked by pegs in the ground.
b) Vertical Control, in which pegs defining different levels of construction are suitably placed.
c) Works Control, in which the construction processes are controlled, e.g. the vertical alignment of
buildings during construction and the control of embankment slopes and excavations.
Most site operatives have little concept of the time, effort and expertise involved in establishing
setting out pegs. For this reason the pegs are frequently treated with disdain and casually destroyed
in the construction process. This type of setting out generally occurs in drainage schemes where the
trench, bedding material and pipes have to be laid to a specified design gradient. For survey work
during pegging vertical control mark (setting out). Mark the slope land for a specific purpose such as
reclamation and cutting the banks and the water flow.
ST
T
AUTO
LEVEL
DRAINAGE
4)Procedure;
4.1 Reconnaissance
4.2 Selection of stations/points
4.3 Marking Stations/points
4.4 Making Observation
4.5 Remarks the data
POLIMAS MAIN
ENTRANCE/GATE
TBM
DRAINAG
CISEC
PLASTIC
WORKSHOP
TBM
Figure 14: The surveying area ( drainage) from main entrance to Plastic Workshop
5) Result and Analysis Data
6)Report
At the end of this practical, student must within report as follows case:
1. Front page.
2. Objective.
3. Equipment used ( with pictures).
4. Field work procedure.
5. Result.
6. Drawings.
7. Calculation data.
8. Conclusion.
9. References.
Appendix 1
BOOKING FORM
TRAVERSE THEODOLITE
STATION BEARING / ANGLE AVERAGE FROM LINES TO VERTICAL DISTANCE
2
y=R- R −X2
2
X X²
2
R − R R 2− X 2
Y
X
Appendix 4
METHOD 2 - CIRCULAR CURVE USING DEFLECTION ANGLE
2
2 2 2 L
Y = R − X − - (R − )
2
X X² R 2− X 2
R L2
2
Y
R −
2
Appendix 5
RISE AND FALL METHOD
BS IS FS RISE FALL REDUCE CORRECTION ADJUSTMENT REMARKS
LEVEL REDUCE
LEVEL
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT/ CIVIL ENGINEERING PROPGRAMME
RUBRICS 1 : PRACTICAL WORK DCC 3093 SURVEY ENGINEERING 2 (CLO 2/P2)
/40
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT/ CIVIL ENGINEERING PROPGRAMME
RUBRICS 2 : PRACTICAL WORK REPORT DCC 3093 SURVEY ENGINEERING 2 (CLO 2/P2)
- Date is recorded
members of the lab
- Date is recorded
members of the lab
The feildwork report fails The lab report fails to The lab report fails to 5
- Full names of all - Full names of all
Front Page to meet one of the four meet at least two ot the meet at least three ot the
(5) expectations for this expectations of this expectations of this
P LO5 PRAC TIC ALSK ILLSINUNTILINGC IV ILENGINEERINGEQUIP MEN TANDMAC HINERY
and is easy to interpret organised and is easy to easy to interpret. Some shaown or some
All data is correct with interpret. All data is calculation are shaown or calculation resulrt are
regard to significant correct with regard to some calculation resulrt wrong
figures and label significant figures and are wrong
All calculations are shown label
and the results are
correct without typing
error.
Clear,accurate diagrams Diagram are included and
are included and make are complete labeled Diagram are included and Needed diagrams are
Drawings the fieldwork easier to Diagram are included and 5
are complete labeled but missing or missing the
/diagrams (15) understand. Diagrams are are not complete labeled
making simple error. important label
labeled neatly and
accurately
All calculations are clearly All calculations are shown Some calculation are Some calculation are
shown and the results are and the results are many calculation are not
Calculations shown and some shown and many 5
correct without typing correct. shown or result are
(20) calculation result are calculation result are
error. wrong
wrong wrong
The discussion are clearly The discussion are The discussion are stated The discussion are not No attempt was made to
explained through the explained through the through the result stated and not answer discuss and conclude.
result obtained and all result obtained and all obtained but it is wrong the question. Conclusion Research question were
the question are the question are and all the question are is derived from the not answered
answered correctly. answered. answered but not collected and analysed
Conclusion is EXCELLENT Conclusion is GOOD and correctly. data but is NOT 5
Conclusion and derived from the derived from the Conclusion is GOOD and answering the fieldwork
(10) collected and analysed collected and analysed derived from the question or objectives.
data and not from other data and not from other collected and analysed
sources. Conclusion sources and directly data and not from other
CLEARLY answer the answer the fieldwork sources but did not
fieldwork question or question or objectives. directly answering the e
objectives. fieldwork question or
objectives.
References List down the references List down only 4 List down only 3 List down only 2 List down only 1
used minimum 5 references 5
(5) references references references
referances
Program
Learning Learning Score /
Outcome Domain marks
(PLO) and CRITERIA VERY WEAK WEAK SATISFIED GOOD VERY GOOD
Course 1 2 3 4 5
Learning
Outcomes
(CLO)
There is no clear Can lead the Can lead group Can lead the Demonstrate clear
Leadership evidence of the members of the members until the members of the evidence of the ability
effective ability to group until the project achieves the group until the to effectively lead
effectively lead project reaches its objectives with project achieves the group members in
group members in objectives but good effectiveness objectives achieving the
LEADERSHI achieving the with limited and requires a little effectively objectives. 5
P objectives. impact and improvement
requires
improvement
Guidance There is no idea or Rarely donate Sometimes donate Often contribute Always contribute
decision making ideas or make ideas or make ideas or make ideas or make
decision decisions decisions decision
5
Program
Learning Learning
Outcome Domain
(PLO) and CRITERIA VERY WEAK WEAK SATISFIED GOOD VERY GOOD
Course 1 2 3 4 5
Learning
Outcomes
(CLO)
Sincerity Not showing any Less showing the Demonstrate the Demonstrated good Demonstrate the
There is no idea or Rarely donate Sometimes donate Often contribute Always contribute
Contribute decision making ideas or make ideas or make ideas or make ideas or make
ideas decisions decisions decisions decisions 5