2 Land and Oceans
blackboard, globe, maps and electronic gadgets
Appreciate the variety of landforms.
Recognise the different continents.
At the end of the lesson, students will be able to Through the course of the lesson, students will be
learn about the continental drift and how the super able to
continent gave way to the present seven continents define the terms such as oceans, continents,
recognise the location of the continents in relation valleys, isthmus and so on
with the oceans surrounding them locate and label the continents, oceans and seas on
know about the different landforms such as a map
mountains, valleys, plains and others
recall information about the continents, oceans,
gain an understanding about the continuous work of
mountains, plains and plateaus
gradation, erosion and deposition and the resultant
landforms give examples of mountains, plains, seas and
recognise the importance of oceans and know about plateaus
the major oceans and how they are connected to compare and contrast different oceans
each other /separated from each other (isthmus and write articles about the related topics
strait)
In Geography lessons, the students can prepare their
word book/pictionary for the terms that they will learn.
Terms: continent, ocean, sea, isthmus, strait, erosion,
mountains, plateau, plains, valleys, beaches, sand dunes,
deposition, trench and islands
1
Warm up and introduction Do you remember the questions that the teacher asks
Warm up can be done through recall questions the student in the last lesson about where she lives?
related to the previous lesson. So, what is your country’s name?
Have the world map and globe ready on display. 00:10 Where is India?
Can you show me Asia? (on the wall map/globe)
Is continent different from country? What is shown by
the blue shade on the map/globe?
Can you read the name? (teacher pointing to the
Indian Ocean/Pacific)
Teacher can have a few more questions. The idea is not
to get the correct answer but to know what the students
think about all these.
Guided practice:
Reading aloud the first part of the text. Observation by students
(First order and second order landforms) Map and globe to recognise and familiarise with the
names and location of different continents and oceans.
Teacher can ask the following questions. The teacher
can clarify/explain wherever needed. 00:40
How were the continents 200 million years ago?
What brought the change?
Explain with the help of their copies of atlases and
charts showing how the super continent broke away to
the current position.
A brief and simple explanation of how the intense heat
and energy in the interiors move the outer plates is
enough (grade – appropriate).
On an outline map of the world mark the continents
and oceans.
00:20 Which ocean touches South America’s Western
border?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i7TfhZ4iXlA (video: Continents and Oceans)
2
Explore/probe with guiding questions from the teacher: Write the words on the board, get them to read it and
Have you been to Chennai and visited the beach there? share the definition of mountains, plateaus and plains
with their partners.
How many of you have spent time in Kodai/Ooty/
Shimla? With the help of the wall map and their copy of
Have you walked along the banks of River Cauvery in 00:40 atlas, students can identify and locate the important
mountain ranges of the world, a few countries, seas,
Thanjavur/Karur/Kulittalai?
the continents and so on an outline map of world.
What is the difference between these places?
(Himalayas, Andes, Rocky, Alps, Western and Eastern
Guide them in supplying related terms such as sea, Ghats.
mountain or any other land form.
Iceland, Andaman and Nicobar, Maldives, Lakshadweep,
Draw their attention to the information/questions in Sri Lanka, Mauritius, Malacca Strait, Persian Gulf, Red
the box in the textbook. Sea, Bay of Bengal, China Sea, Sea of Japan, Philippines,
Guide them to give appropriate answers. Hawaii and Greenland
On another world map, locate and label the oceans,
Strait of Gibraltar, Mediterranean Sea, Caribbean Sea,
North Sea, Gulf of Mexico)
The students can do the textbook activity in groups of
three.
00:20 Give time to find answers for the table on page 192
related to peaks, elevation and so on. Have that table
with details copied onto their notebooks.
The teacher can ask the following questions to extend and
expand knowledge base: The relevant responses such as the source of rivers,
What can you see on mountains? habitat for wild life and forest can be written on the
board.
Even when you live away from the mountains they are
said to be important for our lives. How?
00:20
Can you tell the importance of plateau with reference
to India?
Do you know the historical significance of the plains?
Do you remember the Indus civilisation?
Do you recall the lesson about the ancient Tamil cities?
3
Give home assignment to prepare a write up
with suitable pictures of green mountain slopes,
steep mountains, hill stations, flora and fauna of
mountains.
They can write about the importance of plains
00:20 with specific examples such as Indus plain,
Ganga plain or plains of Cauvery/Vaigai in TN.
(Work in teams of 2)
Those who are not able to write an article can
make beautiful picture presentation on charts to
be put up in class.
Guided reading: Students can to read the definitions in their teams
The students can red in pairs the last section and discuss the meanings.
of the lesson can be read in pairs. Example, Beaches – deposit of things carried by
Explanation should be given by teacher about the waves on the shore
natural agents such as river, waves and wind. Teacher can go round to help them in
understanding erosion, deposition, valleys, sand
00:40 dunes and so on.
Draw the attention of students to the fact that in
nature the excess will be constantly moved to fill
places of deficit.
Textual exercises can be done. A group discussion
can be conducted for students on the book
00:10 exercises.
The answers to be written as home assignment.
4
Recommended activities:
Slide shows or videos showing mountains, valleys, sand
dunes, plains and plateau can be shown for better
internalisation of the terms.
Find out about land classification from Tamil teachers to
understand the idea.
Classification of land by ancient Tamils.
Make picture representation of the five lands with pictures of
one flower, tree, animal and occupation of the people there.
Collect some interesting and special facts about each
continent [class is to be divided into seven groups
(seven continents)] and put them neatly on the chart and
affix colourful pictures related to the information or write
about the continent of your group with relevant pictures and
present neatly.
Classification of Landforms
First Order Second Order Third Order
• Continents-Asia, • Mountains- • Valleys
Africa, North Himalayas, Rocky and • Beaches
America, South Andes • Sand dunes
America, Antarctica • Plateau-Tibetan,
and Europe Chotanagpur, Deccan
• Oceans-Pacific, • Plains-Indo-gangetic,
Atlantic, Indian, Coastal
Arctic and Southern
