APPENDIX A
SURVIVABILITY EQUIPMENT
This appendix contains powered survivability equipment
used in engineer operations. The operational concepts and
capabilities for each system are presented. The table on page
A-8 contains general excavation capabilities for surviv-
ability equipment. Outputs depend on operational efficiency,
soil conditions, weather, and cycle time. Production esti-
mates determine equipment required, completion time, and
best performance methods for the project. Technical
Manuals 5-331A and 5-331B provide detailed information on
estimates for production, loading, and hauling.
M9 Armored Combat Earthmover (ACE) A-2
M728 Combat Engineer Vehicle (CEV) A-3
Scoop Loader A-4
D7/D8 Crawler Tractors A-5
JD41O Utility Tractor A-6
Small Emplacement Excavator (SEE) A-7
A-1
FM 5-103
M9 Armored Combat Earthmover (ACE)
The M9 is a highly-mobile, armored, amphibious combat earthmover,
capable of performing mobility, countermobility, and survivability tasks in
support of light or heavy forces on the integrated battlefield. The vehicle
hull is a welded and bolted aluminum structure with four basic compart-
ments: engine compartment, operator’s compartment, bowl, and rear
platform. The bowl occupying the front half of the hull is the earth and
cm-go compartment. Directly behind the bowl are the operator’s and
engine/transmission compartments. Below the platform, in the rear quarter
of the hull, is a two-speed winch with 25,000-pound capacity for recovery
operations. A towing pintle and airbrake connections are provided for
towing loads.
With track pads removed, the M9 has bulldozing and earthmoving
characteristics comparable to the D7 dozer. The M9 is equipped with a
unique hydropneumatic suspension system which allows the front of the
vehicle to be raised, lowered, or tilted to permit dozing, excavating, rough
grading, and ditching operations. A self-ballasting capability of the M9
gives it earthmoving characteristics equal to an item of equipment twice its
empty weight. The M9 provides light armor and chemical agent protection
for the operator, and armor protection for the operator, engine, power train,
and other key components. It is capable of 30 miles per hour (mph) road
speeds on level terrain, when unballasted, and can swim at 3 mph in calm
water. The M9 is airtransportable by C130, C141, and C5A aircraft.
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FM 5-103
M728 Combat Engineer Vehicle (CEV)
The combat engineer vehicle (CEV) is a full-tracked armored vehicle which
consists of a basic M60Al tank with a front-mounted, hydraulically-
operated dozer blade, surmounted by a turret bearing a 165-mm demolition
gun, a retractable boom of welded tubular construction, and a winch. The
demolition gun is operated from within the vehicle. The winch is housed on
the rear of the turret and is used in conjunction with the boom to lift, or
without the boom to provide direct pull. The vehicle and dozer blade are
operated from the driver’s compartment, The demolition gun may be
elevated or depressed for use at various ranges of up to 950 meters. A
.50-caliber machine gun is cupola-mounted, and a 7.62-mm machine gun is
coaxially-mounted with the demolition gun.
The CEV provides engineer troops in the forward combat area with a
versatile, armor-protected means of performing engineering tasks under
fire. Some of the tasks which are accomplished under fire by the CEV
are: reducing roadblocks and obstacles; filling craters, tank ditches, and
short, dry gaps; constructing combat trails; preparing fighting or protective
positions; assisting in hasty minefield breaching; destroying fortifications;
clearing rubble and debris, reducing banks for river crossing operations;
and constructing obstacles.
A-3
FM 5-103
Scoop Loader
The scoop loader, sometimes referred to as a front loader or bucket loader, is
a diesel engine-driven unit mounted on large rubber tires, The hydrau-
lically-operated scoop bucket is attached to the front of the loader by a push
frame and lift arms. The loader is used as a one-piece general purpose
bucket, a rock bucket, or a multisegment (hinged jaw) bucket. The multi-
segment bucket is used as a clamshell, dozer, scraper, or scoop shovel. Other
available attachments for the loader are the forklift, crank hook, and
snowplow. The current military engineer scoop loaders range from 21 ½ - to
5-cubic yard rated capacity, and are employed in the majority of engineer
organizations including airborne/air assault units and the combat heavy
battalion.
A-4
FM 5-103
D7/D8 Crawler Tractors
The crawler tractor, commonly referred to as the bulldozer, is used for
dozing, excavating, grading, land clearing, and various construction and
survivability operations. The military models D7 and D8 tractors are
equipped with a power shift transmission, hydraulically-operated dozer
blade, and a rear-mounted winch or ripper. The D7 tractor with an operating
weight of 50,000 pounds, 200 horsepower diesel engine, and drawbar pull of
39,000 pounds, is classified as a medium tractor. The D8 tractor with an
operating weight of 83,000 pounds with ripper, 300 horsepower diesel
engine, and drawbar pull of 56,000 pounds, is classified as a heavy tractor.
A-5
FM 5-103
JD41O Utility Tractor
The John Deere (JD) 410 is a commercial piece of construction equipment
used to excavate 2-foot wide ditches up to 15 feet deep. It also has a front
loader bucket of 1 ¼-cubic yard capacity for backfilling ditches or loading
material into dump trucks. The tractor has front wheel steer and rear wheel
drive. The machine is also equipped with hydraulically-driven concrete
breaker, tamper, and auger attachments. The tractor has a road speed of
approximately 20 mph. For longer distances, the tractor is transported.
A-6
FM 5-103
Small Emplacement Excavator (SEE)
The SEE is a highly mobile, all wheel drive, diesel engine-driven tractor
equipped with a rear-mounted backhoe, a front-mounted dozer or loader,
and portable hand-held auxiliary hydraulic tools such as pavement
breakers, rock drills, and chain saws. The front-mounted attachments are
interchangeable through a quick hitch mount, and the rear mounted
backhoe is easily removed for rapid conversion to other configurations. The
tractor is used to rapidly excavate small combat positions such as TOW
weapon positions, individual fighting positions, mortar positions, and
command posts in the main battle area. The weight of the tractor is limited
to 16,000 pounds. The SEE tractor has improved road speeds up to 40 mph
and cross-country speeds comparable to supported tracked or wheeled units.
The tractor is equipped with a backhoe capable of excavating 14-foot depths
at a rate of approximately 30 cubic yards per hour. The dozer and loader
buckets provide defilade excavation capabilities in addition to other tasks
such as loading or dozing.
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FM 5-103
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