Tahap Aerial Triangulation

Processing Report
24 April 2019
Survey Data
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1

100 m

Fig. 1. Camera locations and image overlap.

Number of images: 96 Camera stations: 96

Flying altitude: 64.1 m Tie points: 96,521
Ground resolution: 1.76 cm/pix Projections: 355,464
Coverage area: 0.0431 km² Reprojection error: 0.794 pix

Camera Model Resolution Focal Length Pixel Size Precalibrated

FC6310 (8.8mm) 5472 x 3648 8.8 mm 2.41 x 2.41 μm No
Table 1. Cameras.

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Camera Calibration

1 pix
Fig. 2. Image residuals for FC6310 (8.8mm).

FC6310 (8.8mm)
96 images

Type Resolution Focal Length Pixel Size

Frame 5472 x 3648 8.8 mm 2.41 x 2.41 μm

Value Error Cx Cy B1 B2 K1 K2 K3 P1 P2

F 3648

Cx 16.0785 0.07 1.00 0.03 0.07 0.06 -0.03 -0.03 0.03 0.48 0.01

Cy 2.06688 0.05 1.00 -0.02 0.07 0.03 0.02 -0.01 0.04 0.43

B1 -0.0252933 0.0075 1.00 -0.01 -0.06 -0.04 0.05 0.09 0.05

B2 0.212488 0.0074 1.00 0.06 -0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01

K1 0.000228901 9.9e-05 1.00 -0.56 0.53 0.11 -0.44

K2 -0.0126218 0.00015 1.00 -0.98 -0.03 0.03

K3 0.011203 0.00013 1.00 0.03 -0.03

P1 0.00152682 3.6e-06 1.00 -0.06

P2 -4.24709e-05 3.7e-06 1.00

Table 2. Calibration coefficients and correlation matrix.

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Camera Locations
3m
2.4 m
1.8 m
1.2 m
0.6 m
0m
-0.6 m
-1.2 m
-1.8 m
-2.4 m
-3 m

x 15

100 m

Fig. 3. Camera locations and error estimates.

Z error is represented by ellipse color. X,Y errors are represented by ellipse shape.
Estimated camera locations are marked with a black dot.

X error (m) Y error (m) Z error (m) XY error (m) Total error (m)
0.417187 0.784527 0.997745 0.888553 1.33605
Table 3. Average camera location error.
X - Easting, Y - Northing, Z - Altitude.

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Ground Control Points
4.5 m
3.6 m
2.7 m
GCP2 1.8 m
0.9 m
0m
-0.9 m
-1.8 m
-2.7 m
ICP5 -3.6 m
-4.5 m
ICP4

ICP3 x 1.5
ICP2
ICP1

GCP1

Control points Check points

100 m

Fig. 4. GCP locations and error estimates.

Z error is represented by ellipse color. X,Y errors are represented by ellipse shape.
Estimated GCP locations are marked with a dot or crossing.

Count X error (m) Y error (m) Z error (m) XY error (m) Total (m)
6 4.61064 7.14183 3.36532 8.5008 9.1427
Table 4. Control points RMSE.
X - Easting, Y - Northing, Z - Altitude.

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Label X error (m) Y error (m) Z error (m) Total (m) Image (pix)
GCP1 5.56511 4.76931 -4.08638 8.39138 1.153 (7)
GCP2
ICP1 5.47932 4.59503 -3.67898 8.04191 2.329 (5)
ICP2 2.28798 -0.590074 -3.02151 3.83569 0.789 (4)
ICP3 6.24927 -7.28614 -2.93101 10.0365 2.050 (8)
ICP4 0.473932 -10.325 -2.90139 10.7354 1.495 (8)
ICP5 4.69486 -10.106 -3.40301 11.6513 8.122 (4)
Total 4.61064 7.14183 3.36532 9.1427 3.137
Table 5. Control points.
X - Easting, Y - Northing, Z - Altitude.

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Digital Elevation Model
122 m

93 m

100 m

Fig. 5. Reconstructed digital elevation model.

Resolution: unknown
Point density: unknown

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Processing Parameters

General
Cameras 96
Aligned cameras 96
Markers 7
Coordinate system W GS 84 / UTM zone 48S (EPSG::32748)
Rotation angles Yaw, Pitch, Roll
Point Cloud
Points 96,521 of 102,369
RMS reprojection error 0.119896 (0.793771 pix)
Max reprojection error 0.360665 (34.1057 pix)
Mean key point size 6.12325 pix
Point colors 3 bands, uint8
Key points No
Average tie point multiplicity 3.78974
Alignment parameters
Accuracy Medium
Generic preselection Yes
Reference preselection Yes
Key point limit 40,000
Tie point limit 4,000
Adaptive camera model fitting Yes
Matching time 19 minutes 9 seconds
Alignment time 2 minutes 12 seconds
Software
Version 1.4.2 build 6185
Platform W indows 64

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