Pengalaman Praktis Isu Gender dalam Sektor Kehutanan:
Perempuan dan Konservasi
Arzyana Sunkar
Departmen Konservasi Sumberdaya Hutan & Ekowisata
Fakultas Kehutanan, Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB)
THE 9th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRADITIONAL FOREST KNOWLEDGE (TFK)
INTRODUCTION
PEREMPUAN local plant
knowledge
manage the majority of all
plant resources that are used
by humans
responsible for the in community development
situ conservation and and empowerment
management of useful programmes usually
plants omit reference to women
or gender relations
Food security,
self-sufficiency Food
sovereignty
Sites: METHODOLOGY
Fatumnasi VillageEast Nusa Tenggara
Province (February – March 2014) & Nothing (0): If neither man nor woman
Kanekes Village, Lebak District, Banten involved in any activities & did not
Province: June – July 2015) have any access and control to any
resources and their utilizations;
In-depth interview (local figures); Low (1): If either man or woman
Focus Group Discussion involved in any activities & had <50%
(farmers, tourism, weaving groups); access and control to resources and
available utilization;
Observation (daily activities); Average (2): If both man and woman
Literature study involved in any activities with the same
intensity, and similar access and
control to the resources and the
available utilization;
High (3): If either man or woman
Harvard Gender involved in any activities, had >75%
access and control to resources and
Analysis tool available utilization;
Very high (4): If all activities are
conducted by either men or women,
and had full access and control to the
Activity profile resources and available utilization.
Table 1. Activity profiles of Mollo and Outer Baduy women and girls
RESULTS Activities
Women Girls
Mollo1 Outer Baduy2 Mollo1 Outer Baduy2
A. Domestic Activities (Housewife)
Washing 4 4 2 2
Water collection 3 4 0 2
Fuel wood collection 3 2 3 2
Food preparation (Gatherer) 4 4 2 3
Child nurturing 4 2 0 0
House cleaning 4 4 1 3
Family health (Herbalist) 4 2 0 0
B. Production Activities
Agriculture
Land clearing 1 2 1 1
Soil management 1 1 0 1
1 Seed plantation (Plant breeder) 4 3 0 2
Plant maintenance 2 2 0 1
Harvesting 2 2 1 1
Post-harvest management (Crop
producer) 4 4 0 0
Seed selection (Seed custodian) 4 4 0 2
Animal husbandry
Feeding large livestock 1 - 0 -
Feeding small livestock 4 3 1 2
Non wood forest product
Honey 2 0 1 0
Weaving (ethnobotany on useful
plants) 4 4 1 2
C. Social Activities
Conservation movement (rights
to food) 3 2 0 2
Community programmes 1 1 0 0
FOOD SOVEREIGNTY PRINCIPLES 1-3
1. Focus on 2. Values food 3. Localized
people producers food systems
Right to sufficient,
Values all those who Connects food providers and
healthy and culturally
grow, harvest and consumers, and put them at
appropriate food for all
process food the centre of decision making
individuals, peoples
on food issues and protects
and communities
Women of both consumers from poor quality
cultures were mostly in and unhealthy food
Food collected
charge for seed
from communal
selection, seeds Food were grown using local
areas, such as forest,
planting, and post- seeds and best quality seeds
they only collect just
harvesting activities to ensure successful harvest
enough edibles to
that will allow sustainable
feed the family, to
production of food
allow other women to
also collect such
Local strategy to cultivate
edibles
various local rice varieties
FOOD SOVEREIGNTY PRINCIPLE 4:
Places Control at a Local Level
Mollo women Outer Baduy women
seeks control over and access to territory, land,
grazing, water, seeds, livestock and fish
populations for local food providers
FOOD SOVEREIGNTY PRINCIPLES 5-6
5.Promotes knowledge and 6. Works with nature
skills focuses on production and
values the sharing of local knowledge harvesting methods that
and skills that have been passed down maximize the contribution on
over generations for sustainable food ecosystems, avoiding costly
production free from technologies that and toxic inputs and improve
undermine health and well-being resilience and adaptation
Both women have been shown to the use of chemical
maintain food diversity by selecting fertilizers and pesticides
superior cultivar, since it has high were prohibited – Outer
adaptability to the environment and Baduy
has a unique character that favored
the farmers
"Anmone anon pah, anfeto
APAO luan" (men may
wander, but women are the
nature guardian) - Mollo
ENHANCING WOMEN EMPOWERMENT IN
SUPPORTING FOOD SOVEREIGNTY
Women of Mollo and Outer Baduy have been
shown to possess knowledge that would ensure
sustainable livelihood among their communities;
Women empowerment would put focus on:
provision of food for the whole community;
culturally appropriate because it would be based
on local food production;
sufficient and healthy because the women only
pick the best to be planted;
and preserved for future uses, while at the same
time maintaining balance with nature ng their
communities
CONCLUSIONS
The domestic and productive roles of Mollo and
Outer Baduy women in households and the fact
that the plants cultivated are traditional varieties
known mainly to local people, and that the land
areas involved are generally small and near home,
all contributes to the roles of women as food
providers (gatherer, gardener, herbalist, plant
breeder, seed custodian), that have guided them in
selecting only the best seeds to be planted, healthy,
culturally accepted and ensuring the sustainable
local food production.
The use of traditional knowledge in food production
system by the women, allow a balance with nature,
to ensure that every individual within the
community have access to healthy and sufficient
food.
These women activities can be incorporated in the
principles of food sovereignty.
THE 9th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRADITIONAL FOREST KNOWLEDGE (TFK)
