Table 8b.1.

Primary Processing of Plantation and Agronomic Crops

Steps in primary Product(s) of

Crop Maturity Indices Tool(s) needed By-product(s) Remarks
processing primary processing

Abaca
Topping knife,
12- 18mos. From Detopping,
tumbling bolo, Balones, bailed Composting
appearance of tumbling, bailing, Abaca fiber
tuxying knife, abaca fiber material
inflorescence tuxying
hagotan

Cacao Harvesting, Pod

170 days from breaking, seed
Halabas, Fermenting Cocoa pod, seed Composting
flowering or when collection, Dried cacao beans
box coat material
color breaks fermentation,
washing, drying
Coconut Harvesting, nut
collection,
Coco coir, coconut
dehusking, nut Halabas/Lawis, Composting
7 mos. Old Copra husk, coconet,
splitting, nut collecting pole material
bunot
splitting, drying,
shelling
Coffee Wet Method:
Harvesting,
Depulping,
Fermenting,
Washing, Drying,
Wet method:
At least 50% are Dehulling, Composting
Fermenting box parchment coffee Pulp and hull
ready to harvest Winnowing material
Green coffee beans
Dry Method:
Harvesting,
Stripping, Drying,
Dehulling,
Winnowing
Table 8b.1. Primary Processing of Plantation and Agronomic Crops

Corn Hand sheller,

Grain corn: 100-105 Harvesting, Drying,
Bangguran, Crank Composting
DAP Shelling, Blowing,
Type, “Kudkuran”, Corn kernels Cobbs, Husk material, BioCHAR,
Green corn: 65-75 Drying, Seed
Mechanical corn Mulch
DAP Treatment
shredder
Rice Sickle, Bilao,
Wooden structure
80 % grain of the Harvest, Threshing, Rice straw, rice hull Composting
for threshing, Rake, Palay
panicle Winnowing, Drying and rice bran materials, Mulch
Drying mat,
Mechanical Dryer
Rubber
5-7years after Tapping knife,
Tapping, Harvesting Latex/sap
planting sprout, cup holder

Sugarcane Yellowish color of

the whole crop, Harvesting,
Sugarcane, Raw Composting
swelling of eye buds, Washing, Shredding, Sickle, Juicer Stalks
sugar material
Brix reading (21-220 Juicing
brix)