Political Science

ARRANGED BY:
ARYA DESTIAN
 Preliminary
Humans as political beings means that in every human
being has been given provisions by Allah SWT, namely the
mind to be able to maintain life and achieve the desired
ideals by planning and strategizing in acting to realize
these desires and be able to compete against others in
their own way .

As political beings, of course, we always need and need

other people in politics, either as friends or opponents.
Because not infrequently humans have the same desires
as other humans, so to realize this desire humans play
their role as creatures who choose (Political Creatures) to
determine the strategy and realize that desire, so that life
with society and social organizations is a must.
 SUMMARY SUBSTANCE

Political Science is a social science related to political

theory and practice and a description and analysis of
political systems and political behavior. Political scientists
"see themselves involved in uncovering the relationships
that underlie political events and conditions. And from
these revelations they try to establish general principles
about the way the political world works." E 11 Political
science intersects with other fields, including public
policy , national politics, international relations, political
comparison, and political theory.
Political science is methodologically diverse and deprives
many methods originating in social research. This
approach includes positivism, interpretivism, rational
choice theory, behavior, structuralism, post-structuralism,
realism, institutionalism, and pluralism. Political science.
Description
Political scientists learn things about the allocation and
transfer of power in decision making, the role and system
of government, including government and international
organizations, political behavior and public policy. They
measure the success of government and special policies
by examining various factors, including stability, fairness,
material welfare, and peace. Some political scientists seek
to advance positively (trying to describe how it is, as
opposed to how they should be) thesis by analyzing
politics. Other advance normative theses, by making
specific policy recommendations.
History
Niccolo Machiavelli, one of the most influential articles of
many major political theories: The history of political
science
Antecendents
Political science is a delay in the social sciences. However,
the discipline has a clear set of predecessors such as
moral philosophy, political philosophy, political economy,
political theology, history, and other fields related to
normative determination of what should be and by
concluding the characteristics and functions of the ideal
state.
The predecessor of Western politics can be traced back to
Plato (427-347 BC) and Aristotle (384-322 BC), especially
in the works of Homer, Hesiod.

The rise and fall of the Roman Empire

During the height of the Roman Empire, famous historians
such as Polybius, Livy and Plutarch documented the
emergence of the Roman Republic, and the organization
and history of other nations, while statesmen such as Julius
Caesar, Cicero and others provided us with examples of
republican and Roman imperial politics and war. Political
studies during this age are oriented towards understanding
history, understanding governmental methods, and
explaining government operations. Nearly a thousand
years passed, from the base of Rome in 753 BC to the fall
of the Roman empire or the beginning of the Middle Ages.
In the meantime, there is a real translation of Hellenic
culture in the Roman sphere. The Greek gods became
Greek and Roman philosophy in one way or another
changed to for example the Roman law of Stoicism.
Medieval
With the fall of the Western Roman Empire, arises a more diffuse arena for
political studies. The emergence of monotheism and, especially for
Western traditions, Christianity, was brought to the light of a new space
for politics and political action. Works such as Augustine of Hippo, The
City of God's philosophy are currently synthesized and political traditions
with Christians, redefining the boundary between what is religion and
what is political. During the Middle Ages, political studies were
widespread in churches and courts. Most questions about the political
relations between the church and the state were clarified and contested in
this period. The Arabs lost Aristotle's view of political science but
continued to study Plato's Republic which became the basic Judaic-Islamic
text of political philosophy as in the works of Alfarabi and Averroes, this
did not happen in the Christian world, where Aristotle's Politics was
translated into the 13th century and became text basic as in the work of
Thomas Aquinas.
South Asia
In ancient India, political antecedents can be traced back to Rig-Veda,
Samhitas, Brahmanas, Mahabharata and Canon Pali Buddhas. Chanakya
(c. 350 BC ¬ 275) was a political thinker at Takshashila
East Asia
Ancient China was home to several competing schools of political
thought, most of which appeared in the Spring and Autumn periods.
West Asia
In Persia, Firdausi's works such as Rubaiyat Omar Khayyam and Epic
Raja provided evidence of political analysis, while the Middle East
Aristotle like Ibn Sina and Maimonides later and Averroes, continued the
Aristotelian tradition of analysis and empiricism, wrote comments about
Aristotle's works.
Renaissance
During the Italian Renaissance, Niccolo Machiavelli founded the emphasis
of modern political science on empirical observations directly from
political institutions and actors. For Machiavelli, it seems that nothing is
too good or too evil if it helps to achieve and maintain political power.
Enlightenment
Religion will no longer play a dominant role in politics. There will be a
separation of church and state. Principles similar to those that dominate
material science can be applied to society as a whole, which originates in
the social sciences.
Enlightenment
Religion will no longer play a dominant role in politics. There will be a
separation of church and state. Principles are similar to those that
dominate material science can be applied to a whole society, which
originates in the social sciences.
 Discussion
judging from the substance of the summary that has been presented, it is
clear that humans as creatures who like politics, place this political science
in the most important part of human life. with a long history accompanied
by research and discovery by experts, politics with the development of
science is also growing. humans today cannot be separated from politics.
both in the narrow and wide scale.