7605740694APUSH
Unit 3 Exam (Ch. 9-12) Study Guide
1. Why did the Founding Fathers failed to eliminate slavery
A fight over slavery in the country would tear the nation apart with the north n south
against each other and destroy the national unity that they needed
2. The most important outcome of the Revolution for white women
“republican motherhood” idea was created that elevated woman to prestigious role as the
special keepers of the nations conscience
educational opportunities expanded
3. The Articles of Confederation were finally approved when
Adopted by congress in 1777
Ratified by all 13 states in 1781, 8 months before victory at Yorktown
Approved when New York surrendered its western land and Virginia seemed about to do
so
Congress pledge to dispose land gained by revolutionary war for “common benefit”
It agreed to carve from the new public domain not colonies, but a number of republican
states that would be admitted to the union on terms of complete equality with all other
states
Northwest Ordinance of 1787 ^^^
4. The Articles of Confederation left Congress unable to…
regulate commerce
enforce tax-collection program
5. One of the most farsighted (significant for the future) provisions of the Northwest Ordinance of
1787
Forebode slavery in Old Northwest
6. Purpose of the Constitutional Convention (1786)
Decide about the control for commerce
Only 5 states went
Alexander Hamilton called upon congress to summon a convention to meet again next year
in Philadelphia , not only to talk about the control for commerce, but to also revise the
Articles of Confederation
7. The problems presented for U.S. foreign relations following the Revolutionary War by:
8. Britain
9. France
10. Spain
11. Barbary Coast
12. The Great Compromise at the Constitutional Convention (1787)
Created the House of Reps- states represented by population
Create Senate- states represented by equal representation of 2 senators, no matter how big
or small
13. Under the Constitution, how is the president of the United States elected
Indirectly by Electoral College
14. How did the Constitutional Convention address the North-South controversy over slavery
1 slave counts as 3/5ths of a person
15. The most alarming characteristic of the new Constitution to those who opposed it
“triple-headed monster”
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idea of a powerful central government--with a President who might have the power of a
king, and a strong legislature with the power to tax and regulate trade
16. What did The Federalist, written during the ratification debate, argue
That a strong central government was better
17. How did Hamilton want to pay the interest on the national debt
“Founding at Par”- federal government would pay off depts. at face value
18. Alexander Hamilton’s proposed bank of the United States
Based on already successful bank of England
Gov would be major stockholder and federal Treasury would deposits its monies
Federal funds would stimulate business be remaining in circulation
Bank would print paper money and provide national currency
19. Differences on public policy in the 1790s by Hamilton and Jefferson
Jefferson believed that the constitution should be interpreted “literally” or “strictly”
Hamilton believed in the “elastic clause”
20. Results of the opposition by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison to the financial plan of
Alexander Hamilton
2 new permanent political parties, the Jeffersonian Democratic-Republicans and
Hamilton’s Federalists
21. When the French Revolution developed into a war with Britain, what did George Washington and
the American government do
Jeffersonian Democratic-Republicans wanted to honor the alliance with France and help
them against Britain
Gorge Washington wanted and Hamilton wanted to stay neutral
Washington boldly issued Neutrality Proclamation in 1793
22. How did the United States acquired free navigation of the Mississippi River
With Pinckney’s Treaty of 1796 between America and Spain
Also gave America large disputed territory north of Florida
23. Washington’s Farewell Address in 1796
Never delivered orally but printed in newspapers
Recommended “temporary alliances” for “extraordinary emergencies”
24. The immediate cause of the undeclared war between the United States and France
Jay’s Treaty with Britain, France thought it was a step toward alliance
Demanded unneutral loan of 32 million florins and $250,000 for talking to Talleyrand
about an agreement
25. The main purpose of the Alien and Sedition Acts
Alien- immigrants
Had to live in America for 14 years instead of 5 to become citizen
Purpose was to discourage “dregs” of Europe from coming to America
Helped gain support for federalist
26. Thomas Jefferson’s “Revolution of 1800”
John Adams was last Federalist president
Federalist party disappeared
Thomas Jefferson was determined to restore republican experiment
27. Opposition to John Adams’s last-minute appointment of new federal judges
Republicans thought that it was an attempt by the ousted party to entrench itself in one of
the 3 branches of government
Republican Congress bestirred itself to repeal the Judiciary Act of 1801
28. The case of Marbury v. Madison
2
Showed how the supreme court had the last say on the question of constitutionality
29. How did Thomas Jefferson plan to guard American shores
Used small gunboats, “mosquito fleet”
30. The purchase of the Louisiana Territory
Jefferson sent James Monroe to Paris to buy New Orleans for $10 million
Napoleon decided to abandon his dream of a new world empire n sold all of Louisiana for
$15 million
31. Lewis and Clark
2 and ½ expedition of northern Louisiana
Aided by Sacajawea
32. After killing Alexander Hamilton in a duel, Aaron Burr…
Got in a alliance with General James Wilkinson and were planning to separate the western
part of the US from the east
33. The Chesapeake incident
British warships attacked the Chesapeake because it demanded the surrender of 4 alleged
deserters
34. How did Jefferson deal with British and French violations of America’s neutrality
Created embargo that was hated by everyone
Thought that if US stopped trading with both countries they would respect the US
35. Embargo Act in 1807
Forbade the export of all goods from the US
Did not work
36. Macon’s Bill No. 2
Said that if either Britain or France repealed its commercial restrictions, America would
restore its embargo against the nonrepealing nation
37. War of 1812 – support and opposition
Young war hawks wanted war to prove themselves to the world
Would restore confidence in the republican experiment if the won
Opposing pro- British Federalists in northeast sympathized with Britain and resented the
republicans sympathy with Napoleon
38. The British attack on Fort McHenry in Baltimore
?
39. Battle of New Orleans.
Andrew Jackson was in command
7,000 sailors, regulars, pirates, and Frenchman as well as militia from Louisiana, Kentucky
and Tennessee
Won battle and Andrew Jackson became national hero
40. The outcome of the War of 1812
Treaty of Ghent
Agreed that both sides would stop fighting , no one was defeated
Industries that were stimulated by the war in America made them less dependent of
Europe’s workshops
Heightened nationalism
41. Hartford Convention
Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island , New Hampshire and Vermont met to discuss
grievances and seek redress for their wrongs
Demanded financial assistance from Washington to compensate for lost trade and proposed
constitutional amendments requiring a two-thirds vote in Congress before an embargo
3
could be imposed, new states admitted or war declared
Was death dirge of the federalist party
42. The Tariff of 1816
Issued when British manufactures competitors cut their prices lower n an effort to strangle
American factories
First tariff in American history instituted primarily for protection, not revenue
Rate of 20%-25% on the value of dutiable imports
43. The Era of Good Feelings
Happened when James Monroe Became President
Was a misnomer, conflict over slavery was rising
44. Panic of 1819
Brought deflation, depression, bankruptcies, bank failures, unemployment, soup kitchens
and overcrowded pesthouses know as debtors prisons
First national financial panic since President Washington
45. Result of the Missouri Compromise
Passed in 1820
Between pro and anti slavery in the united states congress
It prohibited slavery in the Louisiana territory
46. Chief Justice Marshall’s rulings
Bolstered power of federal government at the expense of the states
a.McCulloch v. Maryland
Suit involved an attempt by the state of Maryland to destroy the branch of
the bank of the United States by imposing tax on its notes
John Marshall declared bank constitutional by invoking the Hamiltonian
doctrine of implied powers
Strengthened federal authority
Denied rights of Maryland to tax bank
b. Cohens v. Virginia
Cohens found guilty by Virginia Courts of selling illegal lottery tickets
Marshall resoundingly asserted the right of the supreme court to review the
decisions of the states supreme court in all questions involving the pewer of
the federal government
c.Gibbons v. Ogden
“steamboat case”
Attempt by the state of New York to grant to a private concern a monopoly
of waterborne commerce between New York and New Jersey
Marshall sternly reminded that the constitution conffered the congress
alone the control of interstate commerce
47. Monroe Doctrine
introduced on December 2, 1823
stated that era of colonization in the Americas had ended
what the great powers had they can keep, but could not seize or acquire any more land
48. The Russo-American Treaty of 1824
49. Result of the Revolution’s emphasis on equality
50. The economic status of the average American at the end of the Revolutionary War
51. The major issue that delayed ratification of the Articles of Confederation
52. A major strength of the Articles of Confederation
53. The Northwest Ordinance of 1787
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54. The Land Ordinance of 1785
55. Shays’s Rebellion
56. Articles of Confederation-the relationship between the thirteen states
57. The debate between the supporters and critics of the Articles of Confederation
58. The “large-state plan”
59. The Great Compromise at the Constitutional Convention
60. The Bill of Rights
61. Hamilton -funding and assumption programs
62. Secretary of the Treasury-Alexander Hamilton
63. The Whiskey Rebellion of 1794
64. permanent political parties
65. Pinckney Treaty.
66. When it came to the major Federalist economic programs, Thomas Jefferson…
67. John Marshall
68. The Rush-Bagot
