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Seismic PDF

1. Geophysical surveys such as gravity, magnetic, and seismic surveys are used to locate sedimentary basins and oil traps within them. 2. Seismic exploration involves acquiring raw seismic data from the field through sources like air guns and receivers like geophones. This data is then processed to generate subsurface images and attenuate noise. 3. The processed seismic data is interpreted by generating geological models and identifying potential drilling locations based on located oil traps and structures in the subsurface.

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254 views17 pages

Seismic PDF

1. Geophysical surveys such as gravity, magnetic, and seismic surveys are used to locate sedimentary basins and oil traps within them. 2. Seismic exploration involves acquiring raw seismic data from the field through sources like air guns and receivers like geophones. This data is then processed to generate subsurface images and attenuate noise. 3. The processed seismic data is interpreted by generating geological models and identifying potential drilling locations based on located oil traps and structures in the subsurface.

Uploaded by

raheem v
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1

Oil Exploration
Geophysical Surveys

1. Locate a Sedimentary Basin 2. Locate Oil Traps with in Basin

Sedimentary Basin

Geological Mapping, Gravity and Magnetic Seismic is required for detailed sub
surveys etc. are used for finding sedimentary surface imaging and locating oil traps.
basins, their areal extent and sediment
thickness etc.
Seismic Exploration
Seismic Exploration
Acquisition
(acquire Seismic Data) (Raw data
from the
Field)

Processing
(generate sub- Raw data from the Field (Processed
surfaceAimages,
cquisition
Seismic
attenuate Noise etc.) Section)

Interpretation
(generate geological (Interpreted
models, recommend Seismic
Processing generate sub- surface images, attenuate Noise
drilling locations Section)
etc.)
3
Reflection seismology principle

4
The Practical Approach
SR R R R R R
Surface

ρ 1 Ѵ1

Reflector
ρ 2 Ѵ2

Due to Offset between Source and Receiver A flat


reflector is no longer flat in the Seismic Record. Seismic Record
Seismic DataSeismic
Acquisition
Data Acquisition (On Land)

6
Seismic sources
Seismic Receivers: Geophones

Geophone
Geophone Signal
3D Seismic Survey
(Multiple Receiver Lines)

Receiver
Line

Shot Line
Why Processing ?

Raw Data from Field


(3D Seismic Survey)

After Processing
(3D Seismic Cube)
Seismic Recorders

11
Seismic Data Acquisition (Offshore)

Source Recording Unit


Air Gun Array
Sea Surface

8-10 m

Streamer Receiver
Marine Seismic Sources

Explosives Air gun


(Discarded) An airgun is a device that releases a high
pressure bubble of air underwater as a source
of energy to generate the acoustic/pressure
waves that are used in seismic reflection
surveys.
Marine Receivers: Hydrophones

Sea Surface

8-10 m

Hydrophone
Hydrophone : It is a pressure phone that
has piezoelectric crystal to transform pressure
variations to electrical voltage. Usually
mounted on a large cable towed to seismic
ship at depth 10 to 20 m below sea level.
Multi Source – Multi Streamer Ships

Airgun Arrays

Ramform Seismic Vessel


Recording Room -
Offshore

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