MIXING
1. Micronaire value = Micrograms/inch (i.e.) (g/inches
 It is the average weight of one inch length of fiber
 expressed in micrograms (0.000001g)
2. Denier = weight in grams
       9000 mts of fiber
Denier = 0.354 * Micronaire value
4. Fiber maturity ratio = Normal fibers -Dead fibers +0.7
                       200
5. Maturity co-efficient = N + 0.75 +0.45D
                      100
             Where, N = Normal fiber’s
           T = Thin walled (or) half mature fibers
           D = Dead fibers
                       __________
6. Fiber diameter in microns = / Denier
                    \/ 3.14 * Specific gravity
7. To find avg. denier in a mixing of different denier & %
for example. Suppose we have a mixing of different denier
    50% + 20% + 30%
    1.5D 8D    3D
 Then, write the like this and convert it in whole number.
   50 + 20 + 30 = 45.8
  1.5D 8D 3D
 Then, divide 100% by 45.8 = 2.18 avg. denier
     BLOW ROOM GEAR PLAN CALCULATIONS
                       MBO(TOYODA)
1.BUCKLEY BEATER SPEED = 1420 x 117/238
            = 698.06 rpm
2.AXI FLOW BEATER SPEED(RIGHT)= 1415 x 115/233
                = 698 rpm
3.AXI FLOW BEATER SPEED(LEFT) = 1415 x 115/278
                = 585.3 rpm
4.LEATHER BEATER SPEED = 915 x 184/415
            = 405.6 rpm
5.SPICKLED LATTICE SPEED = 915 x 184/415 x 110/465 x 18/16
                = 26.17 rpm
6.CREEPER LATTICE SPEED = 915 x 184/415 x 110/465 x 18/66
              x 17/28
             = 15.88rpm
7.COMB SHAFT SPEED = 1420 x 117/238 x 123/315
          = 273 rpm
               MBO(B2/2)
1. BEATER SPEED = 1440 x 110/251
        = 631.07 rpm
2. LEATHER BEATER SPEED = 1440 x 110/251 x 170/397
             = 270 rpm
3. EVENER ROLLER SPEED = 1440 x 110/251 x 170/397 x 360/180
            = 540 rpm
4. STRIPPING ROLLER SPEED = 1440 x 110/251 x 170/397 x 360/180
                x 203/143
               = 766.5 rpm
5. SPICKLED LATTICE SPEED = 155 x 189/252
               = 116.7 rpm
6. FEED ROLLER SPEED = 155 x 189/251 x 121/299
           = 47.23 rpm
7. CREEP LATTICE SPEED = 155 x 189/251 x 16/53 x 20/53
             = 13.29
     STEP CLEANER CONDENSER
1. FAN SPEED        = 1420 x 178/184
               = 1373.6 rpm
2. LEATHER BEATER SPEED = 1420 x 178/184 x 124/467
             = 364.5 rpm
3. CAGE ROLLER SPEED    = 1420 x 178/184 x 124/467 x 126/480
             = 95.6 rpm
4. LEATHER BEATER SPEED = 1420 x 178/184 x 124/467 x 158/178
             = 323.5 rpm
5. FEED ROLLER SPEED   = 1420 x 178/184 x 124/467 x 158/178 x
              198/360
              x 14/60
             = 9.2 rpm
         PORCUPINE-OPENER
1. BEATER SPEED      = 1430 x 220/467
              = 637.6 rpm
2. FAN SPEED        = 1430 x 220/467 x 330/177
               = 1255.9 rpm
3. LEATHER BEATER SPEED = 1430 x 220/467 x 330/177 x 117/467
             = 314.6 rpm
4. LEATHER BEATER SPEED = 1430 x 220/467 x 330/177 x 117/467 x
              162/182
             = 280.0 rpm
5. CAGE ROLLER SPEED    = 1430 x 220/467 x 330/177 x 117/467 x
              127/465
             = 85.9 rpm
6. FEED ROLLER SPEED   = 1430 x 220/467 x 175/457 x 111/467 x
              14/66
             = 13.0 rpm
         STEP CLEANER
1. BEATER SPEED = 920 X 208/365
          = 524.2 rpm
KIRSHNER BEATER SPEED = 940x 212/400
            = 498.2 rpm
 BLOW ROOM PRODUCTION CALCULATIONS
1. Cleaning efficiency % = Trash in mixing - Trash in lap * 100
                       Trash in mixing
2.Beater wise waste % = Beater wise waste collected in kgs
               Total input for the particular beater in kgs * 100
3. Total blow room waste % = Total waste collected in kgs (100
                  Total input in
4. Beater wise trash % = Beater waste % ( Trash % in waste
                           100
5. Beats / inch =        Beater rpm * No. of arms ____________
             Feed roller rpm *3.14 * feed roller dia (inch)
6. Weight of lap =       lap length          (Kg)
                840 * Hank * 2.204
7. Production / scutcher/ 8 hrs = Weight /lap (kg)* 60 * 8 (kg)
                         Time (in minutes)
8. Draft of a scutcher = Surface speed of fluted lap roller
                 Surface speed of Regulating roller
9. % Waste =    Loss in weight____
        Weight of material fed
10. Laps / machine = 1 * lap roller rpm * lap roll circum. * Effy
            63      Hank of lap
11. Hank of lap = 0.59 * Length in meters
              Weight in grams
12. Length of lap = Wt of lap in oz.
            Wt /yd in oz.
13. Uniformity ratio (%) = 50% span length * 100
                 2.5% span length
14. Lap Hank = 0.019___
         Ounces/yd
15. Mixing bale opener production = No of cards feed + waste %
16. Production in kg:((D(N(TIME(36(840(LAPHANK((2.2
 CARDING GEARING CALCULATIONS
 CARDING (C1/2)
1.CYLINDER SPEED     = 1440 x 130/537
             = 348.6
2.LICKER-IN SPEED     = 1440 x 130/210
              = 891.4
3.DOFFER SPEED      = 1440 x 130/210 x 210/230 x 34/62 x 30/96
             x 26/190(ws1/ws2)      (wp)
            = 19.0 rpm
4.STRIPPING ROLLER SPEED = 19.0 x 190/32(w1)
              = 112.8 rpm
5.GROOVED ROLLER SPEED = 19.0 x 190/32 x 52/31(w2/w3) x 30/32
            = 117.4 rpm
6.CRUSH ROLLER SPEED    = 19.0 x 190/32 x 52/31
             = 189.2 rpm
7.CALENDER ROLLER SPEED = 19.0 x 190/35(wa) x 32/24 x 69/37 x
              17/18
             = 242.2 rpm
8.COILER CALENDER ROLLER SPEED = 19.0 x 190/35 x 32/24 x 47/33(wk)
                 x 32/35 x 37/188 x 167/122 x
                 122/21 x 28/27
                = 290.6 rpm
9.Feed roller speed    = 19.0 x 190/33 x 51/50 x 14/25 x
                   2/40 x 24/30
                = 2.4 rpm
10.Lap roller speed    = 19.0 x 190/33 x 51/50 x 14/25 x 2/40
                   x 24/30 x 22/38
                = 1.44 rpm
11. Flats speed        = 1440 x 130/537 x 354/274 x 12/41 x 1/13
                   x 1/16 x 13/30 x 680/25.4
                  = 7.35 ipm
                  SURFACE SPEED OF COILER CALENDER ROLLER
12.Total draft     = ---------------------------------------
                  SURFACE SPEED OF FEED ROLLER
                  22/7 x 62 x 290.6
                 = ------------------
                  22/7 x 80 x 2.4
                 = 93.8
                           S.S OF STRIPPING ROLLER
Draft between doffer to stripping roller = --------------------
                            S.S OF DOFFER
                            22/7 x 120 x 112.8
                          = ------------------
                            22/7 x 680 x 19.0
                          = 1.04
                                                                    S.SOFGROOVEDROLLER
                                                            =   ------------------
DRAFT BETWEEN GROOVED ROLLER                             S.S OF STRIPPING ROLLER
                      22/7 x 76 x 117.4
                   =    -----------------
                     22/7 x 120 x 112.8
                        = 0.65
                             S.S OF CRUSH ROLLER
Draft bet. Grooved roller to crush roller = ------------------
                            S.S OF GROOVED ROLLER
                            = -----------------
                              22/7 x 76 x 117.4
                               = 1.69
                            S.S OF CALENDER ROLLER
Draft bet. Crush roller to calendar roller = ---------------------
                             S.S OF CRUSH ROLLER
                                22/7 x 72 x 242.2
                                = -----------------
                               22/7 x 80 x 189.2
                                = 1.15
                                  S.S OF C.C.R
Draft bet. Coiler cal. roller to cal. roller = ----------------
                             S.S OF CALENDER ROLLER
                                 22/7 x 62 x 290.6
                                = -----------------
                                 22/7 x 72 x 242.2
                              = 1.033
                               S.S OF C.C.R
Draft between doffer to coiler cal. roller = -------------------
                              S.S OF DOFFER
                              22/7 x 62 x 290.6
                            = -----------------
                              22/7 x 680 x 19
                              = 1.39
Draft between crush roller =            32*31*32*32*69*68
                                                     2*52*35*24*37*80
TO GROOVED ROLLER
                              = 1.15 draft
Draft between to doffer to crush roller = 190*52*32*80
                              31* 32*680
 Draft constant                   = Draft * change pinion
Actual draft =100/cp
            CARDING (C1/3)
1.CYLINDER SPEED     = 1500 x 160/537
             = 446.9 rpm
2.LICKER-IN SPEED    = 1500 x 160/230
              = 1043.4 rpm
3.DOFFER SPEED = 1500 x 160/230 x 140/140 x 26/70 x 30/96 x 28/190
                       (ws1/ws2)     (wp)
        = 17.8 rpm
4.STRIPPING ROLLER SPEED = 17.8 x 190/32(w1)
              = 105.6 rpm
5.GROOVED ROLLER SPEED = 17.8 x 190/32 x 53/30(w2/w3) x 30/32
            = 175.0 rpm
6.CRUSH ROLLER SPEED    = 17.8 x 190/32 x 53/30
             = 186.7 rpm
7.CALENDER ROLLER SPEED = 17.8 x 190/35(wa) x 32/24 x 35/20 x
              17/18
             = 225.4 rpm
8.COILER CALENDER ROLLER SPEED = 17.8 x 190/35 x 32/24 x 35/20 x
                 24/30(wk) x 32/35x 37/188 x
                 167/122 x 122/20 x 28/27
                = 281.0 rpm
9.FEED ROLLER SPEED = 17.8 x 190/33 x 51/50 x 12/27 x 2/40 x
            24/30
           = 1.85 rpm
10.LAP ROLLER SPEED = 17.8 x 190/33 x 51/50 x 12/27 x 2/40 x 24/30
           x 22/40
           = 1.02 rpm
11. FLATS SPEED = 1500 x 160/537 x 314/274 x 12/30 x 1/13 x 1/16     x 13/30 x
680/25.4
           = 11.24 ipm
        DOFFER CLUTCH CALCULATION :
1.FULL SPEED - WHEN BRAKE IS APPLIED = 23/77 x 43/17 x 34/26
                       = 0.998 rpm
2.1/10th SPEED - WHEN BREAK IS RELEASED =
               OUT PUT WHEEL rpm - ARM WHEEL rpm
       DIFFERENTIAL RATIO =---------------------------------
                 INPUT WHEEL rpm - ARM WHEEL rpm
DIFFERENTIAL RATIO = 43/17 x 34/20
                   = 3.30 rpm
ARM WHEEL rpm = 23/63 x 90/85
                = 0.387
IN PUT WHEEL rpm = 23/77
                  = 0.298
                    OUT PUT WHEEL rpm- 0.387
                3.3 = -------------------------
                    0.298 - 0.387
                OUT PUT WHEEL rpm = 0.09
         FULL SPEED : 1/10th SPEED
           0.98 : 0.09
            1:    10
               SURFACE SPEED OF COILER CALENDER ROLLER
TOTAL DRAFT        = ---------------------------------------
               SURFACE SPEED OF FEED ROLLER
               22/7 x 62 x 281
              = ------------------
               22/7 x 80 x 1.85
              = 117.7
                    S.S OF STRIPPING ROLLER
DRAFT BETWEEN DOFFER TO STRIPPING ROLLER = -----------------------
                      S.S OF DOFFER
                      22/7 x 120 x 105.6
                     = ------------------
                      22/7 x 680 x 17.8
                     = 1.04
                          S.S OF GROOVED ROLLER
DRAFT BET. STRIPPING ROLLER TO GROOVED ROLLER =------------------
                       S.S OF STRIPPING ROLLER
                          22/7 x 76 x 175.0
                      = -----------------
                        22/7 x 120 x 105.6
                       = 1.04
                          S.S OF CRUSH ROLLER
DRAFT BETWEEN GROOVED ROLLER TO CRUSH ROLLER = ------------------
                     S.S OF GROOVED ROLLER
                        22/7 x 80 x 186.7
                        = -----------------
                        22/7 x 76 x 175.0
                        = 1.172
                     S.S OF CALENDER ROLLER
DRAFT BETWEEN CRUSH ROLLER TO CALENDER ROLLER = ------------------
                       S.S OF CRUSH ROLLER
                        22/7 x 72 x 225.4
                        = -----------------
                        22/7 x 80 x 186.7
                        = 1.08
                            S.S OF C.C.R
DRAFT BET. COILER CAL. ROLLER TO CAL. ROLLER = -----------------
                        S.S OF CALENDER ROLLER
                           22/7 x 62 x 281.0
                          = -----------------
                           22/7 x 72 x 225.4
                          = 1.07
                       S.S OF C.C.R
DRAFT BET. DOFFER TO COILER CAL. ROLLER = -----------------------
                       S.S OF DOFFER
                        22/7 x 62 x 281.0
                      = -----------------
                       22/7 x 680 x 17.8
                      = 1.43
Draft between crush roller to table calendar = 32*30*32*32*35*72
          roller                32*53*35*24*20*80
                             = 1.086 draft
Draft between to doffer to crush roller = 190*52*32*80
                              31* 32*680
 Draft constant                  = Draft * change pinion
Actual draft =100/cp
                  LC -300
1.Total draft = Surface speed of calendar roller
           Surface speed of feed roller
           3.14*5*290
           3.14*80*1.04
2.Feed draft = lap roller - feed roller
         = 26*25*15*80
            20*15*162
         = 1.06
3.Chute feed = Chute feed bottom roller to feed roller draft
             = 38*feed change gear*18/15 *24/30 *80/156
4.Doffer to Take off roller = 190*32
                    120*680
                   = 1.03
Take of roller to grooved roller = 53*30*76
                       30*32*120
6.Grooved roller to Crush apron = 32*80
                       30*76
                                           = 1.12
Crush roller to cross apron = 29*32*98.3*82
                     54*34*50*80
8.Cross apron to delivery roller = 50*3*w*72
                            98.3*22*82.6
9.Delivery roller to coiler = 22*52*39*20*24*2*440*105*50
                      53*22*25*24*132*158*40*72
10.Flats speed              = 387*79*1*3.14*175.5
                               1711
                  CARDING PRODUCTION CALCULATIONS
1. Draft = Hank sliver delivered
        Hank of lap fed
2. TPI =       Rpm of can plate
      Surface speed of calendar roller
3. Production / card / 8 hrs (kg)
      = _Doffer dia (inch)* 3.14 * Doffer speed * 8 * 60 (Kg)
           36 * Hank sliver delivered * 840 * 2.204
               (OR)
     = Surface speed of Doffer(inch/min) *60*8*Tension draft
            36 * 840 * Hank of sliver * 2.204
4.Side shaft change bevel =         Draft constant______
                   Calculated draft required
5. Nep count = Neps / 100 square inches of card web
6. Nep /2 grains = Standard Nep count
                 2.41
  where,
  Std. Nep count = Nep/100 sq. inch* Hk. sliver* width of card
                        0.12 * 40
7. Surface speed Ratio :
              Cylinder to licker-in = 2.0 to 2.3(fine count)
      Cylinder to Doffer = 25 to 30 (fine count)
Cleaning efficiency(%)=Trash in lap - Trash in sliver*100
                        Trash in lap
9. Draft constant = Draft * Draft wheel
10. Card Doffer speed = Cylinder dia in inches * 0.036 cyl.rpm
                 Doffer dia in inches *Staple length
11. Avg. capacity of card sliver can(Net wt in lb.) = F * D 2 * M
      Where, F = 0.002557 (for card sliver)
              = 0.002756 (for drawing sliver)
            D = Dia in inches
            H = Height in inches
12. Carding index(K) = nf
                      vg
         Where, n = Cylinder rpm
                f = Surface speed of cylinder in meters
                v = Licker-in speed in mpm
                g = Weight of one Mt. of lap in gms.
13. Lickerin speed = Production in lb./hr * 116.66
                                        2.75
14. Actual draft = Mechanical draft * 100
waste %
15.card sliver hank = Lap hanks( draft of card
Card production at 100% in 8 hrs in lbs =
= 3.14 X DIA OF DOFFER X DOFFER SPEED X TENSION DRAFT X EFF
              36 X 840 X HANK X 2.204
=1.347 ( DOFFER SPEED ( 1.4 OR TENSION DRAFT/HANK OF SLIVER
COMB SPEED = Doffer speed ( 120
Nep count = 0.2(nep board ( hank ( card width in cm)
AVG capacity of a card sliver can = F(D2(M
      F = Constant(0.002557)
      D2 = Can dia in inches
   M = Height in inches
21. production in kgs/hr Delivery speed ( 1.0936 ( 60 ( 8
                               840 ( Hank ( 2.204
22.PRORODUCTION /SHIFT OF 8 HOURS = 0.855*DOFFER RPM
                                     HANK
23.CARDING WIRE SQUAIRE/INCH =
24.CARDING HANK = 8.33 X NO OF YARDS
                 AVG WT IN GRAMS X 15.432
ACTUAL HANK = 0.5 X NO OF MTS                       = 30 MTS
                 AVG WT IN GRAMS X 1.181
                            Sliver Lap Gear Plan Calculations
1.CALENDER ROLLER SPEED   = 1400 x 177/457 x 17/59
              = 156.2 rpm
2.LAP ROLLER SPEED      = 1400 x 177/457 x 17/59 x 24/76
               = 49.33 rpm
3.FRONT BOTTOM ROLLER SPEED = 1400 x 177/457 x 17/59 x 21/21 x
                 61/17
               = 560.6 rpm
4.2nd BOTTOM ROLLER SPEED = 1400 x 177/457 x 17/59 x 21/21 x
                 61/17 x 50/57 x 25/23 x 24/20
                = 641.1 rpm
5.3rd BOTTOM ROLLER SPEED = 1400 x 177/457 x 17/59 x 21/21 x
                  61/17 x 50/57 x 25/23 x 24/20
                 = 641.1 rpm
6.4th BOTTOM ROLLER SPEED = 1400 x 177/457 x 17/59 x 21/21 x
                  61/17 x 50/57
                 = 491.7 rpm
7.5th BOTTOM ROLLER SPEED = 1400 x 177/457 x 17/59 x 21/21 x
                  61/17 x 50/57 x 50/45
                 = 546.3 rpm
8.6th BOTTOM ROLLER SPEED = 1400 x 177/457 x 17/59 x 21/21 x
                  61/17 x 50/57 x 50/45
                 = 546.3 rpm
9.CREEL ROLLER SPEED      = 1400 x 177/457 x 17/59 x 21/21 x
                 61/17 x 50/57 x 50/51
                = 482.05 rpm
10.FEED ROLLER SPEED      = 1400 x 177/457 x 17/59 x 21/21 x
                 61/17 x 50/57 x 50/51
                = 482.05 rpm
                          S.S OF CREEL ROLLER
DRAFT BETWEEN FEED ROLLER TO CREEL ROLLER = -------------------
                          S.S OF FEED ROLLER
                          22/7 x 32 x 482.05
                         = ------------------
                          22/7 x 32 x 482.05
                         = 1.0
      (or) = 20/20 x 32/32
         = 1.0
                    S.S OF BACK BOTTOM ROLLER
DRAFT BET.CREEL ROLLER TO BACK PAIR ROLLERS ---------------------
                       S.S OF CREEL ROLLER
                         22/7 x 27 x 546.3
                             = -----------------
                            22/7 x 32 x 482.05
                             = 0.95
        (or) = 51/45 x 27/32
           = 0.95
                          S.S OF 4th ROLLER
DRAFT BET.BACK ROLLERS TO 4th BOTTOM ROLLER = -----------------
                          S.S OF BACK ROLLERS
                            22/7 x 35 x 491.7
                          = -----------------
                            22/7 x 27 x 546.3
                          = 1.16
       (or) = 45/50 x 35/27
          = 1.16
                     S.S OF 3rd AND 2nd ROLL.
DRAFT BET. 4 ROLLER TO 3rd & 2nd ROLLERS= --------------------
             th
                     S.S OF 4th BOTTOM ROLL.
                        22/7 x 27 x 641.4
                       = ------------------
                         22/7 x 35 x 491.7
                        = 1.006
                                                S.S OF 1st ROLLER
                   nd      rd             st
DRAFT BETWEEN 2 AND 3 ROLLER TO 1 ROLLER = ----------------
                       S.S OF 2nd & 3rd ROLLER
                             22/7 x 35 x 560.6
                            = ----------------
                              22/7 x 27 x 641.1
                             = 1.13
       (or) = 20/24 x 23/25 x 57/50 x 35/27
          = 1.13
                           S.S OF CALENDER ROLLER
DRAFT BETWEEN FRONT ROLLER TO CALENDER ROLL.= -----------
                          S.S OF FRONT BOTT. ROLL
                              22/7 x 128 x 156.2
                             = -----------------
                               22/7 x 35 x 560.6
                              = 1.018
       (or) = 17/61 x 128/35
          = 1.019
                       S.S OF LAP ROLLER
DRAFT BETWEEN CALENDER TO LAP ROLLER = ----------------------
                        S.S OF CALENDER ROLLER
                        22/7 x 410 x 49.33
                       = ------------------
                        22/7 x 128 x 156.2
                       = 1.011
       (or) = 24/76 x 410/128
          = 1.011
         SLIVER LAP MACHINE PRODUCTION FORMULAS
1. Prod. in lb./hr = 1 * Lap drum speed (rpm) *Drum cir.( Effy
                    63           Hank of lap
2.Delivery rate in MPM= Motor rpm(motor pulley (17(3.14(410(change.w.cal roller
                     m/c pulley ( 59 ( 100 ( change.w.Lap roller
3. DRAFT = Hank delivered ( no of doublings
          HANK FED
MAINDRAFT = Change gear ( correction factor
                   constant for main draft
CHANGE GEAR = Total draft ( main draft
                  B.DRAFT(Correction factor
6.BREAK DRAFT = 66.5
                  B.WHEEL
7.Break draft constant = correction factor
                           BREAK DRAFT
8.TENSION DRAFT = Tension change gear(constant for tension draft
                            1.23(cf)
9.GRAINS /YARD = 8.33
                   Hank delivered
10.GRAMS/MTR = Grains/yard(0.0648
10.(A)            =(LAP HANK = 8.33/GRAINS/YARD)
11.GRAMS/MTR = Grains/yard(1.0936
12.FEED WEIGHT/GMS/MTR = Break draft(Delivery weight in gms/mtr
13.production/kgs/8hr = Delivery wt in g/mtr ( delivery speed(m/min)(60(8
1000
14.ACTUAL HANK = 8.33 X NO. OF YARDS
X AVG WT IN GMS
GRAINS /YARD = AVG WEIGHT IN GRAMS X 15.432
   RIBBON LAP GEAR PLAN CALCULATIONS
1. FRONT BOTTOM ROLLER SPEED           = 1440 x 175/420
                  = 600 rpm
2. 2nd BOTTOM ROLLER SPEED = 1440 x 175/420 x 30/120 x 40/65(wn) x
                27/35 x 40/18
               = 158.24 rpm
3. 3rd BOTTOM ROLLER SPEED = 1440 x 175/420 x 30/120 x 40/65(wn) x
                 27/35 x 40/18
                = 158.24 rpm
4. BACK BOTTOM ROLLER SPEED = 1440 x 175/420 x 30/120 x 40/65(wn)
               = 92.30 rpm
5. TENSION ROLLER SPEED = 1440 x 175/420 x 30/120 x 40/65 x 47/62
             = 69.9 rpm
6. FEED ROLLER SPEED = 1440 x 175/420 x 30/120 x 40/65 x 47/62
              x 12/20
             = 41.98 rpm
7. TABLE CALENDAR ROLLER SPEED = 1440 x 175/420 x 35/80(wa) x
                  21/20
                 = 275.625 rpm
8.CALENDER ROLLER SPEED = 1440 x 175/420 x 35/80 x 81/43 x 19/21
              x 26/59
             = 151.65 rpm
9. LAP ROLLER SPEED = 1440 x 175/420 x 35/80 x 81/43 x 19/21
               x 20/59 x 24/76
              = 47.8
                            s.s of tension roller
DRAFT BETWEEN FEED ROLLER TO TENSION ROLLER = ---------------
                            s.s of feed roller
                           22/7 x 42 x 69.9
                          = ------------------
                           22/7 x 70 x 41.98
                         = 0.999
      (or) = 20/12 x 42/70
         = 0.999
                             s.s of back bottom roller
DRAFT BET.TENSION ROLLER TO BACK ROLLERS= ------------------
                         s.s of tension roller
                          22/7 x 32 x 92.30
                         = -----------------
                           22/7 x 42 x 69.4
                         = 1.006
       (or) = 62/47 x 32/42
           = 1.00
                        s.s of 3rd roller
             rd
DRAFT BET.3 ROLLER TO BACK BOTTOM ROLLER = -----------
                            s.s of back rollers
                             22/7 x 25 x 158.24
                           = -----------------
                             22/7 x 32 x 92.3
                           = 1.33
        (or) = 21/35 x 40/18 x 25/32
           = 1.33
                            S.S OF 2nd ROLLER
            rd             nd
DRAFT BET.3 ROLLER TO 2 BOTTOM ROLLER = ---------------------
                            S.S OF 3rd BOTTOM ROLLERS
                            22/7 x 25 x 158.24
                          = -----------------
                            22/7 x 25 x 158.24
                          = 1.0
       (or) = 18/18 x 25/25
          = 1.0
                           S.S OF 1st ROLLER
            nd
DRAFT BET.2 ROLLER TO FIRST BOTTOM ROLLER = --------------------
                        S.S OF 2nd BOTTOM ROLLERS
                            22/7 x 32 x 600
                           = -----------------
                            22/7 x 25 x 158.8
                           = 4.85
       (or) = 18/40 x 35/27 x 65/40 x 120/30 x 32/25
          = 4.85
                          S.S OF TCR
DRAFT BET.FRONT BOTTOM ROLLER TO T.C.R = -----------------------
                         S.S OF FRONT BOTTOM ROLLER
                          22/7 x 70 x 275.6
                        = -----------------
                          22/7 x 32 x 600
                         = 1.004
       (or) = 35/80 x 21/20 x 70/32
          = 1.004
                     S.S OF CALENDER ROLLER
DRAFT BETWEEN TCR TO CALENDER ROLLER = ----------------------
                      S.S OF TCR
                     22/7 x 128 x 151.6
                   = -----------------
                      22/7 x 70 x 275.6
                    = 1.005
        (or) = 20/21 x 81/43 x 19/21 x 20/59 x 128/70
           = 1.006
      RIBBON LAP PRODUCTION FORMULAS
1.Production/kgs/8hr = Delivery wt in g/mtr ( deliveryspeed(m/min)(60(8
                                              1000
2.Delivery rate in MPM = m.rpm x m.pulley(17(3.14(410(change.w.cal roller
                 m/c pulley ( 59 ( 100 ( change . w. lap roller
3. DRAFT = Hank delivered ( no of doublings
       HANK FED
MAINDRAFT = Change gear ( correction factor
            constant for main draft
CHANGE GEAR = Total draft ( main draft
           B.DRAFT(Correction factor
6.BREAK DRAFT = 66.5
           B.WHEEL
7.Break draft constant = correction factor
                  BREAK DRAFT
8.TENSION DRAFT = Tension change gear(constant for tension draft
                   1.23(cf)
9.GRAINS /YARD = 8.33
           Hank delivered
10.GRAMS/MTR = Grains/yard(0.0648
11.GRAMS/MTR = Grains/yard(1.0936
12.FEED WEIGHT/GMS/MTR = Break draft(Delivery weight in gms/mtr
13.production/kgs/8hr = Delivery wt in g/mtr ( deliveryspeed(m/min)(60(8
14.Main draft = Constant * DCW
             Where, constant = 0.0746 (when break draft is 1.34)
                = 0.0925 (when break draft is 1.025)
15.DCW =             Total draft_______________
        Break draft * Constant for main draft
16. Total draft = Feed g/m * Doublings
            Delivery g/m
       COMBER GEAR PLAN CALCULATIONS
1. UNI COMB SPEED     = 1440 x 157/219 x 29/143
             = 209.3 rpm
2. BRUSH ROLLER SPEED = 2860 x 176/243 x 16/19
             = 1744.3 rpm
3. LAP ROLLER SPEED    = 1440 x 157/219 x 29/143 x 75/81 x 31/94
               x 39/100 x 36/74
              = 12.1 rpm
4. TABLE CALENDAR ROLLER SPEED = 1440 x 157/219 x 29/143 x 32/32
                  x 5/29 x40/48
                 = 30.07 rpm
5. 2nd BOTTOM ROLLER SPEED = 1440 x 157/219 x 29/143 x 32/32 x
                18/46 x 18/18
               = 81.9 rpm
6. 3rd BOTTOM ROLLER SPEED = 1440 x 157/219 x 29/143 x 32/32 x
                 18/46
                = 81.9 rpm
7. 4th BOTTOM ROLLER SPEED = 1440 x 157/219 x 29/143 x 32/32 x
                 18/46 x 18/24
                = 61.45 rpm
8. CALENDER ROLLER SPEED = 1440 x 157/219 x 29/143 x 70/75 x 53/70
              x 24/31 x 62/38
             = 186.8 rpm
9. FRONT BOTTOM ROLLER SPEED = 1440 x 157/219 x 29/143 x 70/75 x
                53/70 x 24/31 x 62/19
               = 373.95 rpm
10. COILER CALENDER ROLLER SPEED = 1440 x 157/219 x 29/143 x 70/75
                   x 53/70 x 28/28 x 42/23
                  = 270.15 rpm
11. DETACHING ROLLER SPEED AT NORMAL RUNNING = n x 15/34 x 30/87 x
                         92/30
12. DETACHING ROLLER AT HIGH SPEED = n x 33/21 x 29/25 x 92/30
13. FEED PER NIP = (3.14 x feed roller dia)/ No. of teeth on feed
                            roller.
14. PIECING TIME = NORMAL RUNNING + HIGH SPEED.
15. TUBE WHEEL = n x 70/75 x N/A x 28/28 x B/58
16. PLATE WHEEL SPEED = n x 70/75 x N/A x C/D x 36/126
  Where n = nips per minute
                        S.S OF BACK BOTTOM ROLLER
DRAFT BETWEEN TCR TO BACK BOTTOM ROLLER=-------------------------
                         S.S OF TCR
                          22/7 x 35 x 61.44
                         = -----------------
                           22/7 x 70 x 30.07
                          = 1.02
       (or) = 48/40 x 29/5 x 18/46 x 18/24 x 35/70
          = 1.02
                          S.S OF 3rd ROLLER
DRAFT BET.BACK BOTTOM ROLLER TO 3rd ROLLER = ---------------------
                           S.S OF BACK BOTTOM ROLLER
                            22/7 x 27 x 81.9
                          = -----------------
                            22/7 x 35 x 61.44
                          = 1.02
       (or) = 24/18 x 27/35
          = 1.02
                             S.S OF 2nd ROLLER
            rd
DRAFT BET.3 ROLLER TO SECOND BOTTOM ROLLER = ------------------
                             S.S OF 3rd BOTTOM ROLLER
                             22/7 x 27 x 81.9
                           = -----------------
                             22/7 x 27 x 81.9
                           = 1.0
       (or) = 18/18 x 27/27
          = 1.0
                       S.S OF FRONT BOTTOM ROLLER
DRAFT BET.2nd ROLLER TO FRONT ROLLER = --------------------
                        S.S OF 2nd BOTTOM ROLLER
                        22/7 x 35 x 373.75
                       = -----------------
                        22/7 x 27 x 81.9
                       = 5.91
       (or) = 18/18 x 46/18 x 32/32 x 70/75 x 53/70 x 24/31
            x 62/19 x 35/27
          = 5.914
                          S.S OF CALENDER ROLLER
DRAFT BET.FRONT ROLLER TO CALENDER ROLLER = ---------------------
                         S.S OF FRONT ROLLER
                          22/7 x 70 x 186.8
                         = -----------------
                           22/7 x 35 x 373.7
                         = 0.999
                    (or) = 19/38 x 70/35
                       = 1.0
                      S.S OF CCR
DRAFT BET.CALENDER ROLLER TO CCR         = -----------------------
                      S.S OF CALENDER ROLLER
                       22/7 x 50 x 270.15
                     = -----------------
                        22/7 x 70 x 186.8
                      = 1.032
             (or) = 38/62 x 31/24 x 28/28 x 42/23 x 50/70
                = 1.032
23.NIPS/MIN = Motor rpm ( MOTOR pulley ( 29
                           M/C PULLEY ( 143
24.FEED/NIP = Feed roller dia ( 22/7
              RATCHET WHEEL
25.DRAW BOX SETTING = (1.125 ( 2.5 % Span length)- 2.31
26.DRAFT = HANK DELIVERED ( NO OF ENDS
           HANK FED
27. HANK DELIVERED = HANK FED ( DRAFT
                      NO OF ENDS UP
28.DRAFT CONSTANT = Feed change gear (100(94(81(70(1(42(50
                      38 (39 (31(25(25(feed/nip(23(70
29.TENSION%                = Feed change gear - 1 (100
                                               ( 16
30.LENGTH OF LAP FEED/NIP = ((D
                                                  RATCHET WHEEL(TEETH)
31.ACTUAL HANK = 0.5 X NO OF MTS X 1.181   = 10 MTS
                                              AVG WT IN GRAMS
32.SLIVER COUNT DEVIATION = STD HANK - ACT HANK
                                                      STD HANK
DRAW BOX SPEEDS:
I ROLLER = 196(70(N24(62 = 91.5 RPM
           75(88(31(19
II ROLLER = 196(18(18 = 75.06 RPM
            47(18
III roller = 196 ( 18 = 75.06 RPM
              47
IV ROLLER = 196(18(18 = 56.2 RPM
               47(24
V COUNT CHANGE GEAR = NEC(LAPWTG/M(1-NOIL%)
                                          100
                  FEED CHANGE GEAR
Comber Production Formulas:
1. NIPS/MIN(FEED/NIP(GRAINS/YARD(1(60(100-W%(1(1(NO OF HEADS
                        36 ( 100( 7000( 2.204
2.PRODN/HR = 36.8(TOTALDRAFT(NIPS/MIN(2(NO OF DELIVERYS)(EFF
          MAINDRAFT (HANK OF SLIVER (2.204
PRODN/8 HR = FEED/NIP(60(8(1.0936(NO OF HEADS(100-NOIL(EFF
            1000(840(100(LAP HANK(2.204
4.PRODN/8 HR = LAP WT IN GMS/MTR(1-NOIL%(NIPS/MIN(480
                        100
     7
         (FEED CHANGE GEAR
5.PRODN/8 HR = FEED/NIP(NIP/MIN(GMS/MTR(480(NOOF HEADS((100-NOIL) (EFF
                  1000(1000(100
              6.PRODN/8 HR = COILER CALENDER ROLLER SURFACE SPEED(480(2((100-NOIL((EFF
                                                                   1000(SLIVER HANK (100
                                             0.00059
6. Comber fractionating index = Short fibre % in cbr sliver *100
                      Short fibre % in sliver lap
Note :Lower this value, better results will be achieved.
7. Production in kg
 = Nips* feed/nip(mm)*Lap wt(gms/mt)*100-noil%*60*8*No.of Dblgs
  Min      1000        1000        100
 (OR)
 = 0.0384 * LSF * (100- waste %)
   1000
              Where, L = Lap weight in gm/meter
            F = Feed in mm / min
            S = Speed in nips / min
            W = noil extracted in %
8.Nips/min = Motor rpm * motor pulley__ * 0.2028
                  machine pulley
9.Feed/nip = ( * D
          S
              Where, D = Feed roller dia ( ( = 25mm )
            S = Ratchet feed ( S= 16 )
10. % of noil =         Mass of noil______________* 100
          Mass of noil + Mass of Combed Sliver
11.Combing Efficiency
 =(50% span length Cbd sliver - 50% Span length Cbd lap) * 100
   50% span length of comber lap * % of waste extraction
   Rating         CE% ( for 13-18 % noil )
   Good           1.0
   poor           0.6
12.Nep removal efficiency
   = Neps/100mg in cbr lap - Neps/100mg in Cbr sliver * 100
              Neps / 100 mg in comber lap
  DRAWING GEAR PLAN CALCULATIONS
DO/2S DRAW FRAME
1. CALENDER ROLLER SPEED = 1440 x 310/165 x 33/47
             = 1899.5 rpm
2. FRONT ROLLER SPEED = 1440 x 310/165
            = 2705.4 x 3.14 x 35/1000
            = 297.3 rpm
3. 2nd BOTTOM ROLLER SPEED = 1440 x 310/165 x 35/25
               = 3787.6 rpm
4. 3rd BOTTOM ROLLER SPEED = 1440 x 310/165 x 33/131 x 42/65 x
                 24/144 x 143/18 x 28/20
                = 816.3 rpm
5. 4th BOTTOM ROLLER SPEED = 1440 x 310/165 x 33/131 x 42/65 x
                 24/144 x 143/18
                = 583.0 rpm
6. 5th BOTTOM ROLLER SPEED = 1440 x 310/165 x 33/131 x 42/65
                = 440.3 rpm
7. FEED ROLLER SPEED = 1440 x 310/165 x 33/131 x 42/65 x 24/100 x
            35/24 x 14/14
            = 154.1 rpm
8. COILER PLATE SPEED = 1440 x 310/165 x 33/47 x 59/72 x 23/24 x
               14/60
             = 348.072 rpm
9. CAN SPEED = 1440 x 310/165 x 33/47 x 59(A)/72(T) x 1/23 x
         38(S)/47® x 21/99(K)
        = 11.60 rpm
10. DRAFT BETWEEN FEED ROLLER TO
  BACK BOTTOM ROLLER = S.S. OF BACK BOTTOM ROLLER
               --------------------------
               S.S. OF FEED ROLLER
              = 22/7 x 28 x 440.3
               -----------------
               22/7 x 80 x 154.1
              = 1.00
   or 14/14 x 24/35 x 100/24 x 28/80
   = 0.999
11. DRAFT BETWEEN BACK BOTTOM ROLLER TO
  4th BOTTOM ROLLER = S.S. OF 4th ROLLER
               --------------------------
               S.S. OF BACK BOTTOM ROLLER
              = 22/7 x 28 x 583.0
               -----------------
               22/7 x 28 x 440.3
              = 1.32
   or 24/144 x 143/18 x 28/28
   = 1.32
12. DRAFT BETWEEN 4th ROLLER TO
  THIRD ROLLER         = S.S. OF 3rd ROLLER
                ------------------
               S.S. OF 4th ROLLER
              = 22/7 x 20 x 816.3
                -----------------
                22/7 x 28 x 583.0
              = 1.00
   or 28/20 x 28/20
   = 1.00
13. DRAFT BETWEEN 3rd ROLLER TO
  SECOND ROLLER          = S.S. OF 2nd ROLLER
               -------------------
               S.S. OF 3rd ROLLER
              = 22/7 x 25 x 3787.6
               ------------------
               22/7 x 20 x 816.3
              = 5.79
   or 20/28 x 18/143 x 144/24 x 65/42 x 131/33 x 35/25 c 25/20
   = 5.79
13. DRAFT BETWEEN SECOND ROLLER TO
  FIRST ROLLER       = S.S. OF FRONT ROLLER
              --------------------
              S.S. OF 2nd ROLLER
             = 22/7 x 35 x 2705.4
              -----------------
              22/7 x 25 x 3787.6
             = 0.999
            or 25/35 x 35/25
             = 1.0
14. DRAFT BETWEEN 1st ROLLER TO
  CALENDER ROLLER = S.S. OF CALENDER ROLLER
            -----------------------
            S.S. OF 1st ROLLER
           = 22/7 x 50 x 1899.5
            ------------------
                           22/7 x 35 x 2705.4
              Cherry Draw Frame(D600 Usc)
1. DRAFT BETWEEN CALENDER ROLLER TO FRONT ROLLER = 30 x 49
2. FRONT ROLLER TO SECOND ROLLER = 84 x 165 x 98 x 44 x 48
                    -----------------------
                    95 x 57 x 62 x 49 x 30
3. INTERMEDIATE DRAFT = 30/47 x 59/37 = 1.01
4. BREAK DRAFT = 28 x 44 x 95 x 37 x 47
           ----------------------
           22 x 40 x 84 x 59 x 30 x 1.1517
          = 1.350
                   38 x 26 x 60 x 22 x 35
5. BETWEEN BACK ROLLER TO T AND G = ----------------------
                   38 x 20 x 23 x 28 x 94
                  = 0.992
                       26 x 20x 38 x 94
6. BETWEEN T AND G ROLLER TO FEED ROLLER = -----------------
                       37 x 26 x 38 x 51
                      = 0.996
                   45 x 71 x 51
7. FEED ROLLER TO CREEL ROLLER = ------------
                   35 x 55 x 50
                 = 1.007
                   28 x 44 x165 x 98 x 44 x 48
8. FRONT ROLLER TO BACK ROLLER = ---------------------------
                   20 x 40 x 57 x 62 x 49 x 30 x
                     1.1517
                 = 7.991
          76 x 20 x 106 x 24 x 30
9. COIL NUMBER = -----------------------
          23 x 1 x 68 x 35 x 87
         = 24.35
10.BETWEEN CALENDAR ROLLER AND COILER
WHEEL(TUBE WHEEL) = 328 x 110 24 x 30               1
          ------------------- - ----------------
           51 x 157 x 35 x 87           COIL NUMBER(24.35)
         = 1.024
                    Draw Frame (Rsb 851)
1. DELIVERY SPEED IN METERS PER MINUTE
           = 3.14 x D x N
              1000
2. DRAFT BETWEEN FRONT ROLLER TO
        CALENDAR ROLLER = 89.1/140.2 x 57.3/50 x 55/40
               = 1.00142
      3. DRAFT BETWEEN THIRD ROLLER TO SECOND ROLLER
                = 34.8/30
                = 1.16
      4. DRAFT BETWEEN THIRD ROLLER TO TONGUE AND GROOVE
                = 77(W8)/57(W9) x 37/37
                = 0.844
      5. DRAFT BETWEEN TONGUE AND GROOVE TO FEED ROLLER
                = 60/48.2 x 48/50
                = 1.19
      6. DRAFT BETWEEN POWER CREEL TO FEED ROLLER
                = 149.5/60 x 50/80
                = 1.55
                Rsb - D30
      1.DELIVERY SPEED(MTS/MIN) = ((DN
                     1000
      BREAK DRAFT = 54(W4)
               52
                = 1.03
      3.TOTAL DRAFT = 6.019(NW1
                  NW2
      DRAWING -Production Calculations
      1.Front roller speed = motor speed(Dia of motor pulley
                            Dia of front roller pulley
      2.PRODUCTION IN LBS = ((D(N(60(8
                     36(840(COUNT
      3.Production in kg = FR surface speed(mpm)* 1.0936 * 60* 8* Effy
                         840 * count * 2.204
      4. Drawing can weight in kg = 1.5 * Height * (Diameter)2
                                1000
                   Where, Dia & Height in inches only
5.Draft constant = Draft * Draft wheel
6.Draft change wheel Reqd. = Present Draft wheel * Present Hank
                                Required Hank
      7. Hank Delivered = Draft at drawing * Hank fed
               No. of doublings
8.Hanks to Kgs = Hanks * 0.4536 per delivery
             Count
                     ______________________________
9.Trumpet Hole(inch) = C * M * \/ Weight of sliver in grains/yd.
             Where, C = Constant = 0.15625
           M = 1.41 Card sliver
            = 1.81 First drawing
            = 1.51 Second drawing
            = 1.12 Third drawing
                        SPEED FRAME
Gear Plan & Prodn Calculations
1. PRODUCTION PER SHIFT OF 8 HOURS IN KGS WITH 100% EFFICIENCY:
    FRONT ROLLER DELIVERY(INCHES/MINUTE) x 60 x 8 x 120
  = ---------------------------------------------------
           36 x 840 x HANK x 2.204
2. TWIST PER INCH = SPINDLE SPEED(RPM)
                ---------------------------------
                FRONT ROLLER DELILVERY(INCHES/MIN)
3. TWIST MULTIPLIER = TPI
            ------------------
            (HANK OR COUNT)1/2
4. PRODUCTION/SPINDLE/PER SHIFT OF 8 HOURS IN KGS AT 100% EFFICIENCY
 = 1 x FRONT ROLLER DELIVERY(INCH/MIN)
  -----------------------------------
          63 x COUNT
5. GRAMS/SPINDLE/SHIFT OF 8 HOURS
 = SPINDLE SPEED x 7.2 x EFFICIENCY
  --------------------------------
  TPI x ROVING HANK
6. EXPECTED HANKS PER SHIFT OF 8 HOURS
 = FRONT ROLLER DELIVERY(INCH/MIN) x 8 x 60 x EFFICIENCY
  -----------------------------------------------------
                    36 x 840
7. EFFICIENCY = ACTUAL PRODUCTION
          --------------------- x 100
          PRODUCTION(CALCULATED)
8. FRONT ROLLER SPEED = 1440 x 160/230 x 102/63(Wz) x 28(g)/74(h)
             x 27(K)/67 x 27 x 3.14/1000
            = 17.049meters per minute.
9. BOBBIN SPEED CALCULATION:
                e= n-a/m-a
                n = e(m-a) + a
                e = differential ratio.
                N = hallow shaft out put speed.
                M = Main shaft speed
                a = Arm wheel speed.
                Main shaft speed = 950.4 rpm
                 e = 59/28 x 25/62 = 0.85
  Hallow shaft input speed = 1440 x 165 x 102 x 30 x 212 x 27
                     --------------------------------
                       250 x66 x 72 x 108 x 50
                              or
Arm wheel speed        = 648.72 rpm
Top cone drum dia      = 212mm
Bottom cone drum dia = 108mm
            n = 0.85(950.4-648.72) + 648.72
              = 905.59rpm(initial)
Empty bobbin speed = 905.59 x 81 x 36
            ----------------
                54 x 38
          = 1286.89rpm
Speed of input wheel(a) = (648.72 x 108 x 27)/ 212 x 50
                 = 178.45rpm
n = 0.85 (950.4-178.45) + 178.45 = 834.6 rpm(final state)
Full bobbin speed = 834.6 x 81 x 36
             ---------------
.                                    54 x 38
DRAFTS:
CREEL TENSION DRAFT CONSTANT = 29 x We` x 22 x 3.14 x 27(B.R.dia)
                --------------------------------
                  23 x 35 x 18 x 3.14 x 56
                 = 0.0212
                 = We x 0.0212
CREEL DRAFT
CREEL CHANGE GEAR(We)        CREEL TENSION DRAFT
    46             0.976
    47             0.997
    48             1.018
    49             1.04
NYLON CREEL DRIVE ROLLER(54mm)
CREEL CHANGE GEAR(We)              CREEL TENSION DRAFT
    45          0.991
    46          1.013
    47          1.035
BREAK DRAFT CONSTANT = 18 x 35 x 105 x 3.14 x 27
            -------------------------
            22 x WVII x 45 x 3.14 x 27
           = 66.81
BREAK DRAFT = 66.81/BREAK DRAFT CHANGE WHEEL(WVII)
BREAK DRAFT CHANGE WHEEL          BREAK DRAFT
   57                 1.16
   58                 1.15
   59                 1.13
DRAFT CONSTANT = 18 x 35 x 105 x 69 x 130 x 3.14 x 27
         ------------------------------------
         22 x WVII x 45 x WVI x 20 x 3.14 x 27
IF WVII = 57, WVI = 51, THEN THE DRAFT = 29967.95/57 x 51
                        = 10.3
DRAFT = DRAFT CONSTANT/WVII x WVI
D.C.P. = DRAFT CONSTANT/TOTAL DRAFT.
BREAK DRAFT (WVII) DRAFT CHANGE        DRAFT
CHANGE WHEEL       WHEEL(WVI)
  57           51         10.3
  57           52         10.11
  57           53         9.919
  58           51         10.13
  58           52         9.936
  58           53         9.748
  59           51         9.959
  59           52         9.767
  59           53         9.583
TWIST CONSTANT = 67 x 72 x TW x 36 x 7 x 25.4
         ----------------------------
         26 x 30 x 80 x 38 x 22 x 27
        = 0.0219
TPI = TWIST CONSTANT x TWIST CHANGE WHEEL
        = 0.0219 x 66
        = 1.446
T.C.W. = TPI/TWIST CONSTANT OR
T.C.W. = REQUIRED TPI x PRESENT T.C.W./PRESENT TPI
PRELIMINARY DRAFT IN 4 ROLLER DRAFTING SYSTEM e.g.
TOTAL DRAFT    = 18
TENSION DRAFT     = 1.086
MAIN DRAFT      = 10
PRELIMINARY DRAFT BETWEEN 3rd AND 4th ROLLERS = 18/1.086 x 10
11.NO OF TRAVERSES ON FULL BOBBIN = CONE DRUM LENGTH
                        BELT SHIFTING EACH TRAVERSE
     CONE DRUM LENGTH = 736 MM
     TRAVERSE PER EACH LENGTH = 0.9 MM
     CONE DRUM OFFSET BOTTOM = 120 MM
     CONE DRUM OFFSET TOP            = 108 MM
12. BREAK DRAFT CONSTANT = 18(35(105(27
                22(45(27
13.CREEL DRAFT = CREEL DRAFT CONSTANT(CREEL DRAFT WHEEL
        = 0.0220115(46
        = 1.012
14. CREEL DRAFT CONSTANT = 29(15(1(22(22
                23(15(35(18(56
              = 0.01729
15.LIFTER WHEEL           = LIFTER CONSTANT
                  PRESENT HANK
                = 60
                  1.6
                = 38 T
16.LIFTER CONSTANT         = LIFTER WHEEL ( PRESENT HANK
CONSTANT NUMBER FOR DRAFT = 27(30(132
                            27 ( 6
                  = 660
18.CHANGE WHEEL FOR DRAFT            = 27(30(132
                   27 (11.2(6
19. TOTAL DRAFT             = 27(30(90
                   27(44(6
20.PRODUCTION IN LBS         = (DN(TIME(EFFICIENCY
                   36 ( 840 ( COUNT
21.BOBBIN WEIGHT         = 3 ( LIFT ( D2
                                           1000
                 = LIFT = 148.3 MM
                 = BOBBIN DIAMETER = 54 MM
22. BOTTOM CONE DRUM DIA        = TOP CONE DRUM SPEED ( SUM OF DIA
                   TOP CONE DRUM SPEED + BOTTOM CONE DRUM SPEED
                 = 100(10½”
                   100+500
                = 3.5”
23. HANK = 7.5 X 1.181    = 15 MTS 15 X 0.5 = 7.5
      AVG WT IN GRAMS
Cone Drum Speeds
V = SPEED OF THE DRIVING CONE DRIVING CONE DRUM = 100 REV
D = REQUIRED DIA OF DRIVEN CONE = 12 “
M = GREATEST SPEED OF DRIVEN CONE = 200 REV
P = REQUIRED SPEED OF DRIVING CONE = 100
R = RATIO OF SPEEDS AT THE EXTREME OF DRIVEN CONE = 4
E = SMALLEST DIA OF BOBBIN REPRESENTED BY = 2
G = ANY DIA OF BOBBIN REPRESENTED BY = 4 TO 16
S = SUM OF THE DIAS OF THE CONE DRUM = 10 ½”
 = ME
  G
= SPEEDS(P)
= S
 P+100
= D(DIAMETER)
G = SPEED = 200 REVOLUTIONS
B = SMALLEST DIA OF CONE
A = LARGEST DIA OF CONE
= RATIO OF DIAMETERS
   THE SPEED OF THE BOBBIN DEPENDS DIRECTLY UP ON THE SPEED OF THE CONE DRUM THE SPEED
OF THE CONE DRUM MUST VARY INVERSLY AS THE DIAMETER OF THE BOBBIN THE DIA OF CONE DRUM
INVERSLY PROPOTIONAL SPEED OF THE BOBBIN
23. Production/ spl / 8 hrs = 7.2 * Spindle speed * Effy (kg)
                     TPI * Roving Hank * 100000
                 (OR)
                 =Spindle speed * Effy (Hanks)
                       TPI        6300
24. Weight of roving in grains/yd =         8.33____
                                     Roving hank
25. TPI =    Spindle speed_______
     F.R delivery in inch/min
             _____
26. TPI = TM * \/ Count
27. TPI = Twist constant
     Twist wheel
28. TPM = 39.37 * TPI
29. Total draft = Break draft * Main draft
30. Roving weight = 3 * L * D2
              1000
              Where, L = Lift in inches
                     D = Bobbin diameter in inches
                     _____
31. Coil / inch = TM * 10 \/ HANK        (for coarser counts)
                     _____
         = TM * 13 \/ HANK          (for finer counts)
                                  _____________
32. Coil / inch = Present coils / inch * / Reqd. Hank
                             \/   Present Hank
33. Time required in minutes to build a bobbin
     = Weight of bobbin(oz.) * 840 * 36 * TPI * Hank
              Spindle speed * 16
            RING FRAME PRODUCTION CALCULATIONS
1.PRODUCTION PER SPINDLE PER 8 HOURS = SPINDLE SPEED x 60 x 8 (EFF
                     840 x 36 x TPI x COUNT x 2.204
2. GRAMS PER SPINDLE PER SHIFT OF 8 HOURS
   = SPINDLE SPEED/TPI x 7.2/COUNT x EFFICIENCY
     7.2 = TIME X 1000
         840 X 36 X 2.204
3. EXPECTED HANKS PER SHIFT OF 8 HOURS
     = SPINDLE SPEED/TPI x 1/63 x EFFICIENCY.
4. EFFICIENCY = ACTUAL PRODUCTION/100% PRODUCTION(CALCULATED).
5. FORMULA TO FIND TIME FOR BOBBIN BUILDING :
i) TO FIND MINUTES FOR BOBBIN BUILDING = TOTAL TURNS ON
                        BOBBIN/SPL. SPEED
ii)TOTAL TURNS ON BOBBIN = LENGTH IN INCHES OF YARN IN THE BOBBIN x TPI
iii) LENGTH OF YARN IN INCHES IN BOBBIN = WEIGHT OF THE MATERIAL
                          IN LBS x 840 x 36
6. TWIST CONTRACTION PERCENTAGE = (2.64 x T.M.) - 4.82
7. AVERAGE COUNT = (C1.W1. + C2.W2. + C3.W3. …………… etc)
           -----------------------------------
             ( W1 + W2 + W3 + …………… etc)
WHERE C1, C2, C3 ARE THEIR COUNTS
   W1, W2, W3 ARE PRODUCTION PER SHIFT.
8. IF TPI CHANGES, THEN GMS/SPINDLE = GIVEN PRODN.x CURRENT TPI
                           -------------------------
                            EXPECTED TPI.
9.IF SPINDLE RPM CHANGES,
THEN GMS/SPINDLE = GIVEN PRODUCTION x EXPECTED SPINDLE RPM
           ---------------------------------------
                                RUNNING SPINDLE RPM.
10. CALCULATION OF SIDER EFFICIENCY:
ACHIEVED SIDER’S EFFICIENCY = ACH. HANKS x (100 - (ACH. W% +
                                     ACH. IDLE%))
                  ----------------------------------
                  STD. HANKS x (100 - (STD. W% +
                                     STD. IDLE%))
11.SIDDER EFFICIENCY = IDLES + TAPE SLIPPAGE + SWEPINHG WASTE + INTERVAL + INVISIBLE
LOSS
Spinning Calculations For 80s Count
                         250.6*115*79*82*44*102*29*1*1*25.4
9.TWIST PER INCH = -----------------------------------
                       21.6*26*86*55*30*103*26*27*3.14*
                      = 34.11
                             1*49*112*104*26*27*3.14
10.MAIN DRAFT     =         -----------------------
                              32*20*33*29*27*3.14
                      =      24.22
                             1*47*32*27*3.14
11.BREAK DRAFT      =         --------------
                              21*49*27*3.14
                        =       1.46
12.TOTAL MECHANICAL DRAFT = M.D*B.D
                                       = 24.22*1.46
                                       =   35.36
                                              1*121*62*69*26*3.14*27
13.WINDING LENGTH PER CAM REVOLUTION = ----------------------
                                               2*50*102*29*1000
                                                      = 3.85 meters
14.COUNT DELIVERED AT FRONT ROLLER NIP = TOTAL DRAFT * ROVING HANK
                        = 35.36 * 2.4
                        = 84.86
                   ---------
15. TWIST MULTIPLIER = T.P.I.\/ COUNT
16.     SPINDLE SPEED             =         1(250+0.6
                                            WHARVE DIA+0.6
17.FRONT ROLLER DELIVERY = 1(26(A(C(30(103(26(22(27
                              115(B(D(44(102(29(7(25.0
                                     = 0.466 ( A ( C = INCHES/MIN
                                           B(D
18 TPI =        10.848 ( B ( D
(A(C
19.TOTAL DRAFT = 11.237 ( H
                         G
20.GRAMS PER SPINDLE = GIVEN PRODUCTION ( EXPECTED SPINDLE RPM
                                               RUNNING SPINDLE RPM
21.TWIST CONSTANT = 250 + 0.6 ( 115 ( 44 ( 29 ( 1000
                      W.DIA ( 26 ( 30 ( 28 ( (.D1
              ( 26 ( A ( C ( 30 ( 102 ( 26 ( (.D1
TPM = 250 + 0.6
        W.DIA + 0.6 ( 26 ( A ( C ( 30 ( 102 ( 29 ( (.D1
23.BREAK DRAFT = D2 ( 47( 32
                  D3 (21 (B.CG
24.BREAK DRAFT CONSTANT = D2(47(32
             D3 ( 21
25.COUNT = DRAFT ( ROVING HANK
26.TENSION WT IN GRAMS = 0.259 ( LEEA STRENGTH
27.MICRONAIRE = 2.824 ( DENIOR VALUE
YARN CV % = CV% +,-2CV%
                                          \/n
29.YARN DIAMETER = 0.95
                                 \/COUNT
30. COUNT              =         64.8
                           LEE WEIGHT IN GRAMS
31.YARN CLEARER =                   LIFT ( RING DIA
                                 ----
32.COILS PER INCH = 0.5 ( \/COUNT ( 25.4
33.HANKS/METER = NO OF HANKS (200
                               STD HANKS
34.YARN REALISATION = (95 -T)(1-C )-3
                                                100
     T = TRASH IN COTTON
     C = COMBER NOIL
35.TWIST VARIATION = INTIAL TPI - FINAL TPI
          36.TWIST VARIATION % = TWIST VARIATION
                                                        (100
                                                  INTIAL TPI
          37.GRAMS/SPL/SHIFT OF 8 HRS =                                7.2 ( SPINDLE SPEED (EFF
                                                                              TPI(COUNT
                                                                   =           60(8(1000
                                                                               36 (840 ( 2.04
                                                                       =      7.2
          38.ENERGY COST = TOTAL UNITS
                                              PRODN IN KGS
                                          =          UKG
                         UKG              =              TOTAL UNIT COST CONSUMED
                                                               PRODUCTION IN KGS
                                              =          KG/COST
                            UKG               =         UNITS/KG
          1000 UNITS = 1 KW
          1 HP = 746 WATTS
          1 UNIT = 1 KWHR
                    Ring Spinning
1. Production / spl/ 8 hrs = 7.2 * spl speed * Effy
                            TPI * Count * 100
2. Production / spl / hr in kg = Spl. Speed (Rpm) * 60 * Effy_
                              TPI * 36 * 840 * Count * 2.204
3. Required Ratchet wheel = Present wheel * Reqd. count
                               Present count
4. Traveller speed (rpm) = Spl speed( rpm)- Wdg on speed (rpm)
                  Where, Winding on speed = Roller Delivery (rpm)
                                   Bobbin circumference
5. Spindle speed = Tin roller (rpm) * Dia of tin roller
                           Dia of spl Wharve
6. Traveller speed (ft/sec) = Spl speed * 3.14 * Ring dia(inch)
                                       60*12
7. Twist contraction % = 2.64 TM - 4.82
                  Where, TM = Twist Multiplier
Traveller number (ISO Standard) =                       Weight in grams______
                                                         1000 pieces of travellers
Ratio of Ring dia / Tube dia = 2 to 2.2
Ratio of Ring dia / Tube height = 0.2 to 0.225
11.Standard hank = spindle speed ( 1
                               TPI         63
12.ROVING FEED /MIN = FRONT ROLLER DELIVRY
                                                        12
13.TWIST CONTRACTION IN STAPLE = 0.967 ( (TM2)/COUNT)1/3
14.HANK LOSS =                TOTAL STANDARD HANKS - TOTAL ACTUAL HANKS
                                                 96% OF TOTAL STANDARD HANKS
15.COP CONTENT = 3 ( LIFT ( D2 (TAKE IN INCHES)
                       D   = DIAMETER OF RING
16.LENGTH OF YARN ON BOBBIN = WEIGHT OF BOBBIN IN GMS
                                                        ( 840 (1.0693
LENGTH OF YARN ON BOBBIN       =                 WEIGHT OF BOBBIN IN GMS
                                                                           ( 840 ( COUNT
                                                                   453.6
LENGTH OF YARN ON BOBBIN = WEIGHT OF BOBBIN IN GMS
                                                     ( 1.693 ( COUNT
18.TO FIND OUT TOTAL DOFS/M/C =                            DOFFS/M/C
                                              NO.OF.SIDES TOTAL RING FRAME
19.OZS/SPINDLE = 1.4 ( SPEED/COUNT
20.EXPECTED HANKS = SPINDLE SPEED X 1/63 X (1- D)
                                       TPI X COUNT
                WHERE D          = RING DIA
21.PIECIENG EFFICIENCY = SIDER EFF X PEICIENG RATE
22.PRODUCTION % = ACTUAL PRODUCTION /100% PRODUCTION X 100
23.M/C UTILIZATION % = NO OF MACHINES ALLOTED X 100
                     NO OF MACHINES WORKING
24.OVERALL EFFICIENCY = U% X P%
                                             100
YARN U% = U2=21.5(F/2)2 X D-1 /D X NE +41 (D-1)+42
            F = MICRONAIRE/MATURITY RATIO
            MATURITY = 60S = 0.8
            ABOVE
26.CONVERSION OF WEIGHT TO LENGTH:
=               WEIGHT IN GRAMS X COUNT X 840 X 0.91
                                      453.6
27.RKM HOW IT IS RELATED TO SINGLE YARN STRENGTH
     RKM = 1.7 X COUNT X (4.0 X S + 11.5)
                   1000
      C = COUNT
      S = STRENGTH
     RKM = 590.5/TEX = BREAKING FORCE X /TEX COUNT
     RKM = CSP/175 = SINGLE YARN
     RKM = CSP/150 = DOUBLE YARN
     RKM = SINGLE THREAD STH (RESET IN KILOMETERS)
     1RKM = 1.0197 CN/TEX
     1 GF = 0.9807 CN
    1CN/TEX = 1.02 GF/TEX
                    Winding
1. Production /drum / 8 hrs
       = Drum speed(mpm)*1.0936 * 60 * 8 *Effy          (OR)
                  840 * CT * 2.204
       = 0.2835 * mpm
           Count
2. Length in meters = Weight in gms * 1.692 * Count
3. Length correction factor = Std Length * Present LCF
                     Actual length
4. Utilization % (U%) = Worked Hours * Worked drums*100
               Allotted Hours Allotted drums
5. Production % (P%) = Actual production *100
              Standard production
6. Over all efficiency = P% * U%
                   100
7. Tension weight in grams = 1.8 + (0.571 * English lea Sth/kg)
8. Yarn quality factor = cleaning efficiency
                     Knot factor
9. Yarn clearing efficiency
    = Total no. of obj. faults removed by slub catcher *100
         Total no. of such faults present
10. Knot factor
 = Tot no. of slub catcher related yarn breaks in a given lth
  Tot no of obj. yarn faults removed by S.C from the same lth
11. Yarn tension level
   a) For medium to high speed = 1/10 * single thread sth
     Winding machine (upto 650 mpm)
   b) For High speed (above 650 mpm) =1/8 * single thread sth
12. Bobbin running time = Average Length in meters
                      Speed in mpm
Breaks / 100 spindle hrs
          =          Total no. of breaks ____________*100
          No. of hrs observed * No. of spl observed
\
14.DRUM SPEED (YPM) = MOTOR RPM ( MOTOR PULLEY X 3.14 X DRUM DIA(MM) X1.0936
                                                                          M/C PULLEY   1000
DRUM DIA = 95 MM(CONE WINDING)
DOUBLER WINDER DRUM DIA (98 MM)
AUTOCONERS DRUM DIAS = (95 MM)
HANK TO CONE WINDING DRUM DIA (78 MM)
15.KNOTS/KG =     TOTAL NO OF KNOTS
                     TOTAL CONE WEIGHT
16.SPLICE YARN STRENGTH % = SPLICE YARN STRENGTH                  X 100
                                       PARENT YARN STRENGTH
17.WINDING SPEED = 150 X NO OF DRUMS X EFF
                             COUNT       ___
BREAKS/SPL HOURS = 125/N - 30/\/ C
     N = NUMBER OF SIDES ASSIGNED FOR SIDER
     C = COUNT
19.LINEAR DENSITY OF YARN IN COUNT SYSTEM
    Ne = 453.6/7XM
    M = MASS OF SKEIN OF 109.3 OR 120 YARDS
COUNT IN YARN TEX = M/100 X 1000
MASS OF SKIEN OF 100 MTS IN GRAM
20.Production factor = production speed x 100
                       Nominal speed
21.Length correction factor =Old correction factor x Nominal length
                                                Actual length
22.Diameter correction factior = Old correction factor x Nominal ø
                                                              Actual ø
newtons x 100 = 3500 cn
24.Centi newton to gms = Centi newton x 2.5 = gms
                       T.F.O
1.Production/spl/8 hrs = Spl.speed * 60 * 8* 2 * Effy__ (Kg)
                  TPI * 36 * 840 * Count * 2.204
2. TPI = 355 * b_
              (a*c)
             Where,
                  a, b, c - Wheels
No. of twists (TPM) = Spindle speed (rpm)* 2
                               Yarn speed in mpm
Spindle speed = Motor rpm * motor pulley (d)_ * 0.97 * 350.5
                                     machine pulley (D)    32.5
           (OR)
           = 15168.6 * d
                        D
5.DELIVERY SPEED = SPINDLE SPEED X 2
                               TPI X 39.37
6.LEASE ANGLE (( TAN THETA)
  = 2 X TRAVERSE LAG X TAKE UP ROLLER SPEED
X TAKE UP ROLLER DIA X CAM SPEED
7.TAKE UP ROLLER SPEED = 0.204 X SPINDLE SPEED
                                             TPI
8.CAM SPEED RPM
1.TAKE UP ROLLER SPEED X 27/100 X CAM WHEEL/50 T
2.PRE TAKE UP ROLLER SPEED
TAKE UP ROLLER SPEED X 72/28 X DRIVER WHEEL/DRIVEN WHEEL
3.OVER FEED RATIO
 72/28 X DRIVER/DRIVEN X 51/77 - 1 X 100
PTR = PRE TAKE UP ROLLER
TR = TAKE UP ROLLER
9.DENSITY OF TAKE UP PACKAGE
PACKAGE IN GMS X 3.14/12 X H X (D2 X D X d ) + D2 )
H = LENGTH OF THE TRAVERSE
D = BIGGER DIA OF DELIVERY PACKAGE
d = SAMALLER DIA OF THE DELIVERY PACKAGE
10.POWER CONSUMPTION WATTS
= 3 X COSø
= 1.73 X 440 X AMPHERE X PE
= 1.73 X 440 X AMPS X 0.85
= 0.648 X AMPS
1 UNIT = 1000 WATT HOUR
1 UNIT = 1 KWHR
1 UNIT = 648 X AMPS
1 UNIT = 745 WATTS
                Doubling
1. Doubling yarn strength = 2.5 * Ring yarn strength
2. Doubling TPI = Single yarn TPI * 0.70
3. Total imperfections = 0.170 * Total imp. in single yarn
 (in double yarn)
4. TPI =       Twist constant __________
     Main Twist Wheel * Side twist wheel
5. Double yarn uster = single yarn uster
                __________
              \/ No .of ply
6.SPINDLE SPEED = MOTOR RPM x MOTOR PULLEY x TINROLLER DIA
                     M/C PULLEY x SPINDLE WHARVE DIA
7.TWIST CONSTANT = 90 x 80 x 92 x TWIST WHEEL x 254 x 1
             36 x 55 x 30 x 34 x 22.2 x 3.14 x 2
8.TPI = TWIST CONSTANT x TWIST WHEEL
    = 0.59 x 39
9.DOUBLING PRODUCTION/SHIFT/8 HRS= ( x D x N x 480(SPDLS) x TIME x EFF
                         36 x 840 x COUNT x 2.204
             REELING
1. Doff weight in kg = Index wheel * 1.5 * 7 * 40
                    840* Count * 2.204
2. Production / shift
        = Swift speed(rpm)* 54(inch)* 60* 8 * (100 - T)
               840 * 36 * Count          100
              Where, T = Time lost for doffing
1 HANK = 840 YARDS
1 HANK = 7 LEAS
REEL CIRCUMFRENCE = 1.5 YARDS
SHPR(SINGLE HANK PLAIN REEL) = 840 = 80 TEETH
                         7(1.5
DHCR(E) = 160
5 HCR(E) = 400 = 160(30
               12
4 HCR(MT) = 96 (4 = 384 T ENG TO METRIC = COUNT(1.19
DHCR (MT) = 96(2 = 192 T
I KNOGHT = 4 HANKS
DOUBLE HANK = 4(2 =8((M.C)=10
2 HANK = 840 (2 = 1680 YARDS
5 HANK = 840 ( 5 = 4200(4 =16800
1 KNOT = 840(20 = 16800
= 16800
 1680
= 10
4.80S FHPR = 163(30 (7(1.5(4 ONE HANK = 4 KNOTS
           12
             ___________     = 115 GMS KNOGHT WEIGHT
          840(80(2.204
5.80S DHCR = 163(7(1.5(10 =115.5 GMS ONE KNOT = 10 HANKS
        840(80(2.204
6. 60S FHPR= 163(30 (7(1.5(4
            12___________     = 154 GMS KNOGHT WEIGHT
          840(60(2.204
7.60S DHCR = 2164.80S FHPR = 163(30 (7(1.5(4 ONE KNOT = 10 HANKS
           12___________     = 115 GMS KNOGHT WEIGHT
          840(80(2.204
8.80S FHPR = 163(30 (7(1.5(4
           12___________     = 115 GMS KNOGHT WEIGHT
          840(80(2.204
9.60S DHCR = 216 ( 7 ( 1.5 ( 10 = 204 GMS KNOT WEIGHT
          840 ( 60 ( 2.204
10.60S 4HCR = 216 ( 24/12( 7 ( 1.5 ( 5 = 204 GMS KNOT WEIGHT
          840 ( 60 ( 2.204
( ONE KNOT = 5 HANKS
11.60S FHCR = 216 ( 30/12( 7 ( 1.5 ( 4 = 204 GMS KNOT WEIGHT
          840 ( 60 ( 2.204
 ONE KNOT = 4 HANKS
12.80S FHCR = 163(30 ( 7 ( 1.5 ( 4
            12___________       = 115 GMS
          840 ( 80 ( 2.204
NO OF THREADS/HANK = 560
SINGLE YARN HANK AND DOUBLE YARN HANK = 1120
                  SINGING
1.DRUM SPEED = MOTOR RPM x MOTOR PULLEY x FIXED PULLEY DIA x DRUM DIA
                   M/C PULLEY x DRUM PULLEY DIA x 25.4 x 36 x 7
       = 1450 x 135 x 225 x 135 x 22
           205 x 175 x 25.4 x 36 x 7
2.PRODUCTION/DRUM/SHIFT OF 8 HOURS:
= DRUM SURFACE SPEED IN YPM x 60 x 1 x GASSING LOSS%
         840 x 2.204 x COUNT
           GENERAL
1. COSTING
       i) Clean cotton cost = Mixing cost___
                   Yarn Realization
       ii)Conversion cost / kg = Expenses/Frame /Day
                        (Other than Raw material)
                          Production /Frame / Day
       iii)Yarn Realization % = Yarn produced
                    Effective mixing consumed
  Where,
     Effective Mixing consumed = Mixing issued + Waste added
      + Opening process stock up to SPG - Closing Process
      stock up to SPG -Usable waste produced & used in same
      count.
     Yarn produced = Yarn packed + Closing stock of yarn in
      cops, knots, cones - Opening stock of yarn in cops,
     Knots, Cones.
      PRODUCTIVITY
       i)Productivity Index (PI) = Machine Productivity Index(MPI)
                        Labour Employment Ratio(LER)
               Where, MPI = Production / M/C Shift in a mill *100
                Production / M/C Shift in a std mill
                LER = No. of operatives per shift in a mil *100
                No. of operatives per shift in a Std mill
       ii)Mill Efficiency Index = Mill Efficiency *100
                        Efficiency in a Std Mill
3. Limit Irregularity
    In a strand of material in which fibre ends are laid in a
random order, the irregularity is given by the formula,
      Index Irregularity (I) = V
                     Vr
Where, V = Actual yarn Irregularity CV%
            Vr= Calculated limit Irregularity CV%
   For cotton fibres,
     Vr 2 = (106)2
             N
              Where, N=                 591000________________
             Count *Fibre weight in milligrams /Km
  I = 1 (Best possible yarn)
  I > 1 (More irregular yarn)
 Higher the value of N, Lower will be the basic irregularity. This bears out the
well known fact that fine fibres produced more regular yarn for given Count than coarse fibres.
  I value
    2.3 to 3.3 (for carded short staple yarn)
    1.5 to 2.2 (for combed short staple yarn)
4.Single thread strength from lea strength (single sth in grams)
            = Lea strength in lb. * 70 * 1000
                 80 * 2.204       100
5.Spinning Limit = _____________________5315____________________
            Denier of fibre * Actual fibre / cross section
Yarn diameter =       1 _____ ( inch )
                 ______
             28 \/ Count
7.No.of fibres in cross section of yarn = ______15000___________
                              Micronaire value * Count
8. Bonda waste % = ______Bonda waste in kg               * 100
             yarn production(kg) + Bonda waste
9. Tensile Strength (lb/in2)= [ 10.8116 * PI - 0.12 ]*1000
              Where, PI =       Breaking load in lb.____
                 Bundle weight in milligrams
10. Tensile strength (gm/Tex) = 5.36 * PI
11. RKM Value = Single yarn strength (grams)
             Tex number of yarn
                   (OR)
         = CSP
             150
Note : RKM (Resis in Kilo Meter)- Breaking length in kilometer
Breaking length - It is the length of specimen which will just
breaks under its own weight when hung vertically.
12. CSP (Count Strength Product) = Count * Lea strength in lb.
Note : CSP varies as twist factor is changed.
13. Fibre Quality Index (FQI) = lsm
                           f
               Where, l = 50% span length in mm
             s = Bundle strength gm/tex at 3 mm gauge length
             m = Maturity co-efficient
             f = Micronaire value
Note : Higher the value of FQI, better is the quality of cotton.
14. Drafting quality of cotton (K) = 29.4 * F
                               ML
      Where, F = Fibre fineness (Micronaire value)
             M = Maturity co-efficient (measured by NAOH Method)
             L = 50% Span length (measured by Fibrograph)
Note : Lower the value of K, Better is the Drafting Quality
of cotton.
15. Power consumption per spindle in watts (P)
        = (7.5 + 80 + 500)* N2
              c   t2
      This expression is applicable to 178 mm lift & 41.3 mm
Ring dia. frames.
                Where, C = Count
             t = TPI
             N = Spindle speed in 10,000’s
16. Relation between Yarn CSP and FQI
                    ___
 Expected CSP = {320 (\/FQI +1) - 13C} for carded count
                     ___
             = {[320 (\/FQI +1) - 13C]*(1+W/100)}for combed
               Where, C = Count
          W = Waste % during combing process
17. Relation between yarn Unevenness and Drafting Quality of    cotton
    U2 = K * Ne * (d-1) + a(d-1)+ Ur2
              d
   Where, U = Expected yarn Unevenness (U%)
        K = Drafting Quality of cotton
        Ne = Count
        d = Draft in Ring frame
        Ur = Roving Unevenness (U%)
        a = Contribution by R/F to yarn Unevenness
Note: a = 3.5 for good working conditions.
18. Spinning Performance :
      The Performance of a given sequence of processing
m/c can be assessed from view point of both CSP & yarn U
Unevenness.
       i)Process proficiency (Based on CSP) = Actual CSP *100
                             Expected CSP
  ii)Process proficiency (Based on Yarn Unevenness)
                            = Actual U% *100
                             Expected U%
19.Computation of rate of absenteeism
=No.of manshifts lost due to absenteeism during the yr.*100
No. of manshifts scheduled to work during the year
              HUMIDITY
      The term used to describe the amount of moisture in
   the atmosphere.
1. Relative Humidity = Actual vapour pressure *100
              Standard vapour pressure
      The change of RH will change the amount of
moisture in a sample of material which may be expressed
in-terms of moisture content & moisture regain.
2. Moisture content (M) = Weight of water *100
                Total wt. Of material
                = W1 -W2 *100
                   W1
              Where, W1 = Total weight of the material
             W2 = Oven dry weight
3. Moisture regain (R) = Weight of water *100
               Oven drys weight of material
               = W1 - W2 *100
                W2
Note : Oven dry weight of defined as constant Wt. Of
obtained by drying the material at a temperature of 105+/-3D
till all the moisture is expelled.
4. Humidity % = 100 - 3*[(D-W)* 100]
                D
               Where, D = Dry bulb temperature
             W = Wet bulb temperature
5. Correction of yarn count & strength for humidity changes :
         Corrected count Nc = N(100 + Ra)
                          100 + Rs
               Where, N = Actual count
             Ra = Actual regain (Regain at the time of Testing)
             Rs = Standard regain
         Corrected strength Sc = S *(100 + f * Rs)
                              100+ f * Ra
               Where, S = Actual strength
             f = Correction factor based on nature of the fibre.
Note: f = 6% for cotton
CFM = AIR IN MTS/ SEC X 3.0028 X AREA X 60
         SPIN PLAN CALCULATIONS:
DATA:
COUNT = 60S/1 BD
SPINDLE SPEED = 17500
TPI = 27.9
NO OF SPINDLES = 5760
PRODUCTION OF SPINNING:
                                        (6
    = SPIDLE SPEED(60(8(95 ( 960
     TPI ( 36 ( 840 ( 2.204 ( 60
  PRODUCTION OF SPINNING = 433.6 KGS
  WASTE IN SPINNING = 2.1%
  = 433.6 ( 2.1
       100
= WASTE IN KGS = 9.10 KGS
= 433.6 + 9.140 = 442.70 KGS
= REQUIRED WEIGHT OF ROVING BOBBIN = 442.70 KGS
= PRODUCTION OF SIMPLEX
                          = SPIDLE SPEED(60(8(82
                            TPI ( 36 ( 840 ( 2.204 (1.6
= PRODN/SMX/SHIFT OF 8 HOURS = 334.250 KGS
= NO OF SMX REQUIRED FOR/RING FRAME = WT OF REQUIRED BOBBINS IN ROVING
                                    PRODUTION IN SMX FRAME
                                                           = 442.70/334.250
                                                           = 1.32 SMX REQUIRED
                                                          WASTE IN SIMPLEX = 1 %
                                                         = 433.250 ( 1 %/100
                                                         = 4.3 KGS
REQUIRED WEIGHT OF DRAWING SLIVER = 433.250 + 4.3 = 437.253 KGS
PRODUCTION OF DRAWING SLIVER:
( ( D ( N ( 60 (       ( 2/36( 840(2.204(0.14(EFF
                   8
= 3.14 ( 40 ( 350 (60 ( 8 ( 2 /840(2.204(0.14(70
= 1356 KGS
= REQUIRED DRAWINGSFOR/RF = WEIGHT REQUIRED DRAWING SLIVER/PRODN IN DRAWING
                                       = 437.5/1356
                                                = 0.32 DRAWINGS
WASTE IN DRAWING = 0.5 %
REQUIRED WEIGHT OF COMBER SLIVER = WEIGHT REQUIRED WT IN COMBERSLIVER/PRODN IN CBR
= COMBER PRODN / SHIFT OF 8 HOURS = 251 KGS
442.7 + 88.02
= 530.72 KGS
REQUIRED WEIGHT OF COMBER SLIVER = 444.4 ( 20/100
= 530.3 KGS
NO OF COMBERS REQUIRED = 530.3/251
= 2.12 COMBERS/ REQUIRED
SL/RL:
WASTE% = 2.12
    = 433.2 ( 2.12/100
    = 9.18 KGS
= 433.3 + 9.18 = 442 KGS
PRODN OF SLIVER LAP = 1032,=442.1/1032
= 0.42 SL/RL REQUIRED
 CARDING :
 WASTE IN CARDING = 4.5 %
 = 433.1 ( 4.5/100
 = 19.4 KGS
 CARDING PRODN = 251 KGS
 REQUIRED WEIGHT OF CARDING SLIVER = 452.3/251
 = 2 CARDS
AUTOCONERS:
PRODN/SHIFT = 210.1 KGS
WASTE % = 0.41
= 210.1(0.41/100
= 0.86 + 210.1
= 433.6 + 0.86
= 444/210.3
= 2.1 AC 6 RING FRAMES FEED 2 AC CONERS
REELING:
COUNT = 80S CX
NO OF RING FRAMES = 22
PRODN/RF = 47 KGS
TOTAL/PRDN/22 R.FRAMES = 1034( 2%/100 = 20.8
80S FHPR PRODN / REEL = 28+20.8 = 48.8 KGS
TOTAL PRODN/22 REELS = 1034/616
           = 1 RING FRAME FEED 1.6 REELS
General
KGS to GMS MTR
CONSTANT=LAP LENGTH(200 MTRS)*15.432 = 0.4409
         7000
LAP=200MTRS,WT=11.25KGS,
11.25*2.2046=24.81 LBS
GMS/MTR=24.81/0.4409=56.27 GMS/MTR
2.GRAINS/YARD
GRAINS/YARD=1 YARD LAP WT*7000
1 YARD LAP WT=LAP WT(LBS)/YARDS
EX=36.63/306*0.103
0.103*7000 = 721 GRAINS
3.GMS/MTR=1*1.0936(LENGTH IN YDS)*453.6/HANK
 GMS/MTR=WT/YARDIN GMS *1.05
 EX- UL HANK =0.12(FEED HK)*1.43(DRAFT) =0.0078
NO.OF ENDS
     GMS /MTR=1*1.0936 * 4536.6 =75.71
           840    0.0078