Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL-10-1519

8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, November 5, 2010

Technical information:
Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps
Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION – OCTOBER 2010

Nonfarm payroll employment increased by 151,000 in October, and the unemployment rate was
unchanged at 9.6 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Since December 2009,
nonfarm payroll employment has risen by 874,000.

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month
October 2008 – October 2010 change, seasonally adjusted, October 2008 –
October 2010
Percent Thousands
11.0 600
10.0 400

9.0 200
8.0 0

7.0 -200

6.0 -400

5.0 -600

4.0 -800
Oct-08 Jan-09 A pr-09 Jul-09 Oct-09 Jan-10 A pr-10 Jul-10 Oct-10 Oct-08 Jan-09 A pr-09 Jul-09 Oct-09 Jan-10 A pr-10 Jul-10 Oct-10

Household Survey Data

The number of unemployed persons, at 14.8 million, was little changed in October. The unemploy-
ment rate remained at 9.6 percent and has been essentially unchanged since May. (See table A-1.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for adult men (9.7 percent), adult women
(8.1 percent), teenagers (27.1 percent), whites (8.8 percent), blacks (15.7 percent), and Hispanics (12.6
percent) showed little change in October. The jobless rate for Asians was 7.1 percent, not seasonally
adjusted. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)
The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks and over) was about unchanged over
the month at 6.2 million. In October, 41.8 percent of unemployed persons had been jobless for 27 weeks
or more. (See table A-12.)

Both the civilian labor force participation rate, at 64.5 percent, and the employment-population
ratio, at 58.3 percent, edged down over the month. (See table A-1.)

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as involun-
tary part-time workers) fell by 318,000 over the month to 9.2 million, partially offsetting large increases
in the prior 2 months. These individuals were working part time because their hours had been cut back
or because they were unable to find a full-time job. (See table A-8.)

About 2.6 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force in October, up from 2.4 mil-
lion a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force,
wanted and were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They
were not counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the
survey. (See table A-16.)

Among the marginally attached, there were 1.2 million discouraged workers in October, an increase of
411,000 from a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not
currently looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.4 mil-
lion persons marginally attached to the labor force had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding
the survey for reasons such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.)

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 151,000 in October, reflecting job gains in mining
and a number of service-providing industries. Private-sector payroll employment rose by 159,000
over the month; since December 2009, employment in the private sector has risen by 1.1 million.
(See table B-1.)

Within professional and business services, employment in temporary help services continued to
increase in October, with a gain of 35,000. Temporary help services has added 451,000 jobs since a
recent low in September 2009. Employment in computer systems design and related services increased
by 8,000 in October and has risen by 53,000 since a recent low in June 2009.

Health care continued to add jobs in October (+24,000). The gain was in line with the average increase
over the prior 12 months (+20,000).

Retail trade employment rose by 28,000 in October, including increases in automobile dealers (+6,000)
and in electronics and appliance stores (+5,000). After reaching a trough in December 2009, employ-
ment in retail trade has expanded by 128,000.

Within leisure and hospitality, a job loss in arts, entertainment, and recreation (-26,000) in October
offset a gain in food services and drinking places employment (+24,000). The food services industry
has added 143,000 jobs since a recent low in December 2009.

Mining employment continued to trend up (+8,000) over the month. Since a recent low in October
2009, mining has added 88,000 jobs.

-2-
Employment in manufacturing changed little in October (-7,000) and, on net, has essentially been flat
since May. The industry had added 134,000 jobs during the first 5 months of this year.

Elsewhere in the private sector, employment in construction, wholesale trade, transportation, in-
formation, and financial activities showed little change in October.

Government employment overall was little changed in October. Employment in local government, ex-
cluding education, decreased by 14,000 over the month and has fallen by 123,000 over the past 12
months. The number of temporary decennial census workers fell by 5,000 in October. After peaking at
564,000 in May, there were only about 1,000 temporary decennial census workers remaining on Federal
payrolls in October.

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.1 hour in October
to 34.3 hours. The manufacturing workweek for all employees also increased by 0.1 hour, to 40.3 hours,
while factory overtime was unchanged at 3.0 hours. The average workweek for production and non-
supervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.1 hour to 33.6 hours in October.
(See tables B-2 and B-7.)

In October, average hourly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 5 cents
to $22.73. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have increased by 1.7 percent. Average
hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees rose by 7 cents to $19.17.
(See tables B-3 and B-8.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for August was revised from -57,000 to -1,000, and the
change for September was revised from -95,000 to -41,000.

___________
The Employment Situation for November is scheduled to be released on Friday, December 3,
2010, at 8:30 a.m. (EST).

-3-
 Upcoming Changes to Household Survey Data

Effective with the release of January 2011 data on February 4, 2011, two additional data series—
"Self-employed workers, unincorporated" and "Self-employed workers, incorporated"—will be
added to table A-9. As a result, the format of table A-9 will change. Data on the incorporated self-
employed have not previously been published on a regular basis.

Also, in table A-8, the data series currently labeled "Self-employed workers" (one for Agriculture
and related industries and one for Nonagricultural industries) will be renamed "Self-employed
workers, unincorporated." This is strictly a change in title and not in definition; the data shown
will not be affected. This change is being made to clarify that these data only include persons
operating unincorporated businesses.

In addition, a change affecting data collected on unemployment duration will be introduced

in the household survey in January 2011. Presently, the Current Population Survey can record
unemployment durations of up to 2 years. Starting with data collected for January 2011, respon-
dents will be able to report unemployment durations for up to 5 years. This change will likely
affect one data series in this news release: the average (mean) duration of unemployment, which
is found in table A-12. The change does not affect the estimate of total unemployment or other
data series on duration of unemployment. Additional information is available at
www.bls.gov/cps/duration.htm.

Beginning with data for January 2011, occupation estimates in table A-13 will reflect the intro-
duction of the 2010 Census occupation classification system into the household survey. This
occupation classification system is derived from the 2010 Standard Occupational Classification
system. Historical data will not be revised.

Upcoming Changes to Establishment Survey Data

Effective with the release of January 2011 data on February 4, 2011, the establishment survey will
begin estimating net business birth/death adjustment factors on a quarterly basis, replacing the cur-
rent practice of estimating the factors annually. This will allow the establishment survey to incor-
porate information from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages into the birth/death ad-
justment factors as soon as it becomes available and thereby improve the factors. Additional infor-
mation on this change is available at www.bls.gov/ces/ces_quarterly_birthdeath.pdf.

-4-
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Change from:
Oct. Aug. Sept. Oct.
Category Sept. 2010-
2009 2010 2010 2010
Oct. 2010

Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236,550 238,099 238,322 238,530 208
Civilian labor force...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...................... . 153,854 154,110 154,158 153,904 -254
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.0 64.7 64.7 64.5 -0.2
Employed................................................................... . 138,242 139,250 139,391 139,061 -330
Employment-population ratio.......................................... . 58.4 58.5 58.5 58.3 -0.2
Unemployed................................................................ . 15,612 14,860 14,767 14,843 76
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.1 9.6 9.6 9.6 0.0
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,696 83,989 84,164 84,626 462
Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.1 9.6 9.6 9.6 0.0
Adult men (20 years and over)............................................. . 10.6 9.8 9.8 9.7 -0.1
Adult women (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1 8.0 8.0 8.1 0.1
Teenagers (16 to 19 years). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.6 26.3 26.0 27.1 1.1
White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.4 8.7 8.7 8.8 0.1
Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.7 16.3 16.1 15.7 -0.4
Asian (not seasonally adjusted)............................................ . 7.5 7.2 6.4 7.1 –
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................ . 13.1 12.0 12.4 12.6 0.2
Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.7 8.3 8.3 8.2 -0.1
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.5 14.0 15.4 15.3 -0.1
High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 10.3 10.0 10.1 0.1
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.0 8.7 9.1 8.5 -0.6
Bachelor’s degree and higher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 4.6 4.4 4.7 0.3
Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,261 9,305 9,401 9,108 -293
Job leavers................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . 909 874 807 854 47
Reentrants....................................................................... . 3,461 3,411 3,436 3,512 76
New entrants.................................................................... . 1,114 1,259 1,187 1,273 86
Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,131 2,760 2,891 2,657 -234
5 to 14 weeks................................................................... . 3,671 3,635 3,350 3,458 108
15 to 26 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,184 2,235 2,336 2,519 183
27 weeks and over........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,620 6,249 6,123 6,206 83
Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,240 8,860 9,472 9,154 -318
Slack work or business conditions......................................... . 6,882 6,380 6,733 6,232 -501
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,084 2,347 2,456 2,572 116
Part time for noneconomic reasons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,632 18,558 18,234 18,211 -23
Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)
Marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,373 2,370 2,548 2,602 –
Discouraged workers... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808 1,110 1,209 1,219 –

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not
necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with
the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Oct. Aug. Sept. Oct.

Category 2009 2010 2010p 2010p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -224 -1 -41 151
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -262 143 107 159
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -131 17 -4 5
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -7 9 6 7
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -67 34 -8 5
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -57 -26 -2 -7
Durable goods1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -42 -21 6 -3
Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 -20.7 -0.3 3.3
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -15 -5 -8 -4
Private service-providing1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -131 126 111 154
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -5.4 2.3 3.7 7.3
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -63.0 6.4 11.6 27.9
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -15.8 -1.1 13.5 -0.1
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -3 7 -8 -1
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -19 -3 -2 -1
Professional and business services1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 38 19 46
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.2 22.5 23.8 34.9
Education and health services1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 41 22 53
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.3 31.3 33.7 34.0
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -54 24 39 -5
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -17 11 14 25
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 -144 -148 -8
WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES
AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2
Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.0 49.6 49.6 49.6
Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.5 48.1 48.1 48.1
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.3 82.4 82.4 82.4
HOURS AND EARNINGS
ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.7 34.3 34.2 34.3
Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 22.35 $ 22.65 $ 22.68 $ 22.73
Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 753.20 $ 776.90 $ 775.66 $779.64
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90.5 92.8 92.6 93.0
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.4 0.4 -0.2 0.4
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96.4 100.2 100.2 100.8
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3 0.7 0.0 0.6
HOURS AND EARNINGS
PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.0 33.5 33.5 33.6
Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 18.78 $ 19.09 $ 19.10 $ 19.17
Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 619.74 $ 639.52 $ 639.85 $644.11
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2002=100)3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97.2 99.6 99.7 100.1
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.6 0.4 0.1 0.4
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2002=100)4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122.0 127.0 127.2 128.3
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.2 0.7 0.2 0.9
DIFFUSION INDEX
(Over 1-month span)5
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.0 58.7 55.6 55.0
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.9 46.3 54.3 42.1

1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing
industries.
3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours.
4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average
aggregate weekly payrolls.
5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance
between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
p Preliminary
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of employment
and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series has a smaller
margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household survey because of its
much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 100,000 is statistically
significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change in the
household survey is about 400,000. However, the household survey has a more expansive scope than the
establishment survey because it includes the self-employed, unpaid family workers, agricultural
workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household
survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.

Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the
establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, it
is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does not
collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which identify
the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign born.

Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating
additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates.
The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding
2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors
estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax records.
The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more informa-
tion on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/cesbmart.htm.

Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments with
fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the reliability of the
total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all size classes and industries are appropriately sampled
to achieve that goal.

Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?
Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net employment
change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an econometric model that
forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the
net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The
establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because the survey is not
immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There is an unavoidable lag between the birth
of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new
businesses to the survey twice a year.

Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment insurance
benefits?
No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons who
are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the unemployed.
(People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement
or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who have stopped looking for work?
Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, including
those who have stopped looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged workers). In
addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and
other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in The Employment
Situation news release.
Technical Note
This news release presents statistics from two major The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and
surveys, the Current Population Survey (household survey) unemployed persons. Those not classified as employed or
and the Current Employment Statistics survey (estab- unemployed are not in the labor force. The unemployment
lishment survey). The household survey provides informa- rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor
tion on the labor force, employment, and unemployment force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force
that appears in the "A" tables, marked HOUSEHOLD as a percent of the population, and the employment-popu-
DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 households lation ratio is the employed as a percent of the population.
conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau Additional information about the household survey can be
of Labor Statistics (BLS). found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.
The establishment survey provides information on
employment, hours, and earnings of employees on non- Establishment survey. The sample establishments are
farm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories,
ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local
month from the payroll records of a sample of nonagricul- government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are
tural business establishments. The sample includes about those who received pay for any part of the reference pay
140,000 businesses and government agencies representing period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are
approximately 410,000 worksites and is drawn from a sam- counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are
pling frame of roughly 8.9 million unemployment insurance produced for the private sector for all employees and for
tax accounts. The active sample includes approximately production and nonsupervisory employees. Production and
one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees. nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a related employees in manufacturing and mining and
particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the logging, construction workers in construction, and non-
reference period is generally the calendar week that supervisory employees in private service-providing in-
contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment dustries.
survey, the reference period is the pay period including the Industries are classified on the basis of an estab-
12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the lishment's principal activity in accordance with the 2007
calendar week. version of the North American Industry Classification
System. Additional information about the establishment
Coverage, definitions, and differences between survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/#technical.
surveys
Differences in employment estimates. The num-
Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect erous conceptual and methodological differences between
the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on the household and establishment surveys result in impor-
responses to a series of questions on work and job search tant distinctions in the employment estimates derived from
activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample the surveys. Among these are:
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in
 The household survey includes agricultural
the labor force.
workers, the self-employed, unpaid family
People are classified as employed if they did any work
workers, and private household workers among the
at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked
employed. These groups are excluded from the
in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or
establishment survey.
worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or
farm. People are also counted as employed if they were  The household survey includes people on unpaid
temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad leave among the employed. The establishment
weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal survey does not.
reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of  The household survey is limited to workers 16
the following criteria: they had no employment during the years of age and older. The establishment survey is
reference week; they were available for work at that time; not limited by age.
and they made specific efforts to find employment
 The household survey has no duplication of
sometime during the 4-week period ending with the
individuals, because individuals are counted only
reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting
once, even if they hold more than one job. In the
recall need not be looking for work to be counted as
establishment survey, employees working at more
unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the
than one job and thus appearing on more than one
household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for
payroll are counted separately for each appearance.
or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.
Seasonal adjustment error. When a sample rather than the entire population is
surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may
Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor differ from the "true" population values they represent. The
force and the levels of employment and unemployment exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the
undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may particular sample selected, and this variability is measured
result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-
and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate
seasonal variation can be very large. based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less errors from the "true" population value because of sampling
regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-
series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal percent level of confidence.
variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal For example, the confidence interval for the monthly
developments, such as declines in employment or increases change in total nonfarm employment from the
in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus
spot. For example, in the household survey, the large 100,000. Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment
number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely increases by 50,000 from one month to the next. The 90-
to obscure any other changes that have taken place relative percent confidence interval on the monthly change would
to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of range from -50,000 to +150,000 (50,000 +/- 100,000).
economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by
establishment survey, payroll employment in education these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent
declines by about 20 percent at the end of the spring term chance that the "true" over-the-month change lies within
and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the this interval. Since this range includes values of less than
underlying employment trends in the industry. Because zero, we could not say with confidence that nonfarm
seasonal employment changes at the end and beginning of employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however,
the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be the reported nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval
discernable. The seasonally adjusted figures provide a would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least
more useful tool with which to analyze changes in month- a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact,
to-month economic activity. risen that month. At an unemployment rate of around 5.5
Many seasonally adjusted series are independently percent, the 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly
adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. change in unemployment as measured by the household
However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, survey is about +/- 280,000, and for the monthly change in
such as total payroll employment, employment in most the unemployment rate it is about +/- 0.19 percentage point.
major sectors, total employment, and unemployment are In general, estimates involving many individuals or
computed by aggregating independently adjusted establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the
component series. For example, total unemployment is size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a
derived by summing the adjusted series for four major age- small number of observations. The precision of estimates
sex components; this differs from the unemployment also is improved when the data are cumulated over time,
estimate that would be obtained by directly adjusting the such as for quarterly and annual averages.
total or by combining the duration, reasons, or more The household and establishment surveys are also
detailed age categories. affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many
For both the household and establishment surveys, a reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in population, inability to obtain information for all
which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of
all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current respondents to provide correct information on a timely
month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in
used to adjust only the current month's data. In the the collection or processing of the data.
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are For example, in the establishment survey, estimates
used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly for the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete
estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive
seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample
revisions to historical data are made once a year. reports have been received, that the estimate is considered
final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the
Reliability of the estimates establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely
basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for
Statistics based on the household and establishment this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an
surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling estimation procedure with two components is used to
account for business births. The first component excludes universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
employment losses from business deaths from sample- administrative records of the unemployment insurance
based estimation in order to offset the missing employment program. The difference between the March sample-based
gains from business births. This is incorporated into the employment estimates and the March universe counts is
sample-based estimation procedure by simply not reflecting known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough
sample units going out of business, but imputing to them proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also
the same employment trend as the other firms in the incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over
sample. This procedure accounts for most of the net the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total
birth/death employment. nonfarm employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a
The second component is an ARIMA time series range from -0.7 to 0.6 percent.
model designed to estimate the residual net birth/death
employment not accounted for by the imputation. The Other information
historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA
model was derived from the unemployment insurance
Information in this release will be made available to
universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone:
residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years. (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
The sample-based estimates from the establishment
survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1
Employment status, sex, and age Oct. Sept. Oct. Oct. June July Aug. Sept. Oct.
2009 2010 2010 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236,550 238,322 238,530 236,550 237,690 237,890 238,099 238,322 238,530
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153,635 153,854 153,652 153,854 153,741 153,560 154,110 154,158 153,904
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.9 64.6 64.4 65.0 64.7 64.6 64.7 64.7 64.5
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139,088 139,715 139,749 138,242 139,119 138,960 139,250 139,391 139,061
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.8 58.6 58.6 58.4 58.5 58.4 58.5 58.5 58.3
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,547 14,140 13,903 15,612 14,623 14,599 14,860 14,767 14,843
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5 9.2 9.0 10.1 9.5 9.5 9.6 9.6 9.6
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,915 84,468 84,878 82,696 83,949 84,330 83,989 84,164 84,626
Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,621 5,949 5,867 6,031 5,895 5,886 5,972 6,202 6,255
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114,530 115,433 115,542 114,530 115,102 115,207 115,317 115,433 115,542
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,823 81,845 81,675 82,184 82,017 81,962 82,299 82,187 81,969
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.4 70.9 70.7 71.8 71.3 71.1 71.4 71.2 70.9
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,361 73,959 73,970 72,844 73,375 73,454 73,608 73,581 73,454
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.1 64.1 64.0 63.6 63.7 63.8 63.8 63.7 63.6
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,462 7,886 7,705 9,340 8,642 8,507 8,691 8,606 8,514
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.3 9.6 9.4 11.4 10.5 10.4 10.6 10.5 10.4
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,707 33,588 33,867 32,346 33,084 33,245 33,017 33,247 33,574
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105,906 106,887 107,007 105,906 106,522 106,641 106,761 106,887 107,007
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,857 79,081 78,859 79,024 79,110 78,971 79,332 79,307 78,989
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.5 74.0 73.7 74.6 74.3 74.1 74.3 74.2 73.8
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,260 71,978 71,960 70,662 71,316 71,332 71,521 71,545 71,363
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.3 67.3 67.2 66.7 66.9 66.9 67.0 66.9 66.7
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,596 7,103 6,899 8,362 7,793 7,638 7,811 7,762 7,626
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.6 9.0 8.7 10.6 9.9 9.7 9.8 9.8 9.7
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,050 27,806 28,147 26,882 27,412 27,671 27,429 27,581 28,018
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,020 122,889 122,988 122,020 122,589 122,683 122,783 122,889 122,988
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,812 72,009 71,977 71,669 71,724 71,598 71,811 71,971 71,935
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.9 58.6 58.5 58.7 58.5 58.4 58.5 58.6 58.5
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,727 65,755 65,779 65,398 65,743 65,506 65,642 65,811 65,607
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.9 53.5 53.5 53.6 53.6 53.4 53.5 53.6 53.3
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,085 6,254 6,198 6,271 5,981 6,092 6,169 6,161 6,329
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5 8.7 8.6 8.8 8.3 8.5 8.6 8.6 8.8
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,207 50,880 51,011 50,350 50,865 51,085 50,972 50,918 51,053
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113,636 114,596 114,704 113,636 114,264 114,372 114,481 114,596 114,704
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,946 69,269 69,131 68,687 68,859 68,747 68,844 69,091 69,003
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.7 60.4 60.3 60.4 60.3 60.1 60.1 60.3 60.2
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,541 63,653 63,645 63,133 63,516 63,314 63,356 63,586 63,386
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.9 55.5 55.5 55.6 55.6 55.4 55.3 55.5 55.3
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,404 5,616 5,487 5,554 5,343 5,433 5,488 5,505 5,617
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8 8.1 7.9 8.1 7.8 7.9 8.0 8.0 8.1
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,690 45,327 45,573 44,949 45,405 45,625 45,637 45,505 45,701
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,008 16,839 16,819 17,008 16,904 16,877 16,857 16,839 16,819
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,833 5,504 5,661 6,143 5,772 5,843 5,934 5,760 5,912
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.3 32.7 33.7 36.1 34.1 34.6 35.2 34.2 35.2
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,287 4,084 4,144 4,448 4,286 4,315 4,373 4,261 4,312
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.2 24.3 24.6 26.1 25.4 25.6 25.9 25.3 25.6
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,546 1,421 1,517 1,696 1,486 1,528 1,561 1,500 1,600
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.5 25.8 26.8 27.6 25.7 26.1 26.3 26.0 27.1
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,175 11,334 11,158 10,865 11,132 11,034 10,923 11,079 10,907

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1
Employment status, race, sex, and age Oct. Sept. Oct. Oct. June July Aug. Sept. Oct.
2009 2010 2010 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191,394 192,391 192,527 191,394 191,979 192,109 192,245 192,391 192,527
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125,339 125,273 124,749 125,567 124,959 125,060 125,362 125,404 124,907
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.5 65.1 64.8 65.6 65.1 65.1 65.2 65.2 64.9
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114,469 114,900 114,588 113,754 114,163 114,300 114,470 114,500 113,974
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.8 59.7 59.5 59.4 59.5 59.5 59.5 59.5 59.2
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,870 10,373 10,161 11,813 10,797 10,760 10,893 10,904 10,933
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.7 8.3 8.1 9.4 8.6 8.6 8.7 8.7 8.8
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,056 67,118 67,778 65,827 67,019 67,049 66,883 66,987 67,620
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,313 65,424 65,066 65,540 65,349 65,412 65,590 65,583 65,203
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.0 74.6 74.1 75.3 74.7 74.7 74.9 74.8 74.3
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59,555 60,102 59,872 59,077 59,561 59,662 59,738 59,755 59,431
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.4 68.5 68.2 67.8 68.1 68.2 68.2 68.1 67.7
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,758 5,321 5,194 6,463 5,788 5,750 5,852 5,829 5,771
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.8 8.1 8.0 9.9 8.9 8.8 8.9 8.9 8.9
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,217 55,212 55,076 54,932 54,883 54,818 54,848 55,011 54,829
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.5 60.1 59.9 60.2 59.9 59.8 59.8 59.9 59.6
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,288 51,231 51,185 50,861 50,971 50,943 50,979 51,062 50,819
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.2 55.8 55.7 55.7 55.6 55.5 55.5 55.6 55.3
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,928 3,981 3,891 4,071 3,911 3,875 3,869 3,949 4,010
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 7.2 7.1 7.4 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.2 7.3
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,809 4,637 4,607 5,095 4,728 4,830 4,924 4,810 4,875
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.0 36.1 35.9 39.2 36.7 37.5 38.3 37.5 38.0
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,626 3,566 3,531 3,816 3,630 3,695 3,752 3,683 3,723
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.9 27.8 27.5 29.3 28.2 28.7 29.2 28.7 29.0
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,183 1,071 1,076 1,279 1,097 1,135 1,172 1,127 1,152
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.6 23.1 23.4 25.1 23.2 23.5 23.8 23.4 23.6
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,369 28,794 28,831 28,369 28,685 28,718 28,755 28,794 28,831
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,491 17,716 17,913 17,516 17,768 17,651 17,879 17,754 17,936
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.7 61.5 62.1 61.7 61.9 61.5 62.2 61.7 62.2
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,816 14,891 15,199 14,763 15,036 14,896 14,967 14,895 15,122
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.2 51.7 52.7 52.0 52.4 51.9 52.0 51.7 52.4
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,675 2,826 2,715 2,754 2,732 2,755 2,911 2,860 2,814
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.3 15.9 15.2 15.7 15.4 15.6 16.3 16.1 15.7
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,879 11,078 10,918 10,853 10,917 11,067 10,877 11,040 10,895
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,909 8,017 8,076 7,899 8,062 8,004 8,082 8,064 8,073
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.1 68.7 69.0 69.0 69.4 68.8 69.4 69.1 69.0
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,603 6,699 6,837 6,553 6,656 6,667 6,687 6,645 6,760
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.7 57.4 58.5 57.2 57.3 57.3 57.4 56.9 57.8
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,306 1,318 1,239 1,346 1,406 1,337 1,395 1,419 1,313
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.5 16.4 15.3 17.0 17.4 16.7 17.3 17.6 16.3
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,904 9,154 9,158 8,911 9,070 9,005 9,103 9,082 9,168
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.5 63.2 63.2 62.5 62.9 62.4 63.0 62.7 63.3
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,803 7,914 7,996 7,800 7,998 7,847 7,902 7,940 8,000
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.8 54.7 55.2 54.8 55.5 54.4 54.7 54.9 55.2
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,100 1,239 1,162 1,110 1,072 1,157 1,202 1,143 1,168
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.4 13.5 12.7 12.5 11.8 12.9 13.2 12.6 12.7
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 678 545 680 707 636 643 693 608 695
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.3 20.6 25.7 26.4 23.9 24.2 26.2 23.0 26.3
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409 277 365 409 382 382 379 310 361
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.3 10.5 13.8 15.3 14.4 14.4 14.3 11.7 13.7
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 268 314 298 254 261 314 298 334
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.7 49.1 46.2 42.1 39.9 40.6 45.4 49.0 48.0
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,841 11,283 11,306 – – – – – –

See footnotes at end of table.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1
Employment status, race, sex, and age Oct. Sept. Oct. Oct. June July Aug. Sept. Oct.
2009 2010 2010 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,051 7,197 7,317 – – – – – –
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.0 63.8 64.7 – – – – – –
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,520 6,734 6,798 – – – – – –
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.1 59.7 60.1 – – – – – –
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531 463 519 – – – – – –
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 6.4 7.1 – – – – – –
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,790 4,087 3,988 – – – – – –

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced
annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1
Employment status, sex, and age Oct. Sept. Oct. Oct. June July Aug. Sept. Oct.
2009 2010 2010 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,202 33,927 34,014 33,202 33,662 33,747 33,836 33,927 34,014
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,481 22,918 22,784 22,492 22,674 22,738 22,729 22,910 22,803
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.7 67.6 67.0 67.7 67.4 67.4 67.2 67.5 67.0
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,688 20,191 20,051 19,553 19,854 19,987 20,002 20,070 19,939
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.3 59.5 58.9 58.9 59.0 59.2 59.1 59.2 58.6
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,792 2,728 2,733 2,939 2,820 2,751 2,726 2,840 2,865
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.4 11.9 12.0 13.1 12.4 12.1 12.0 12.4 12.6
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,721 11,009 11,230 10,710 10,989 11,009 11,107 11,017 11,211
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,863 13,121 12,964 – – – – – –
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83.2 83.0 81.8 – – – – – –
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,333 11,664 11,566 – – – – – –
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.3 73.8 73.0 – – – – – –
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,531 1,457 1,398 – – – – – –
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.9 11.1 10.8 – – – – – –
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,628 8,865 8,867 – – – – – –
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.1 59.6 59.5 – – – – – –
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,718 7,883 7,833 – – – – – –
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.9 53.0 52.5 – – – – – –
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 909 982 1,034 – – – – – –
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.5 11.1 11.7 – – – – – –
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 990 933 953 – – – – – –
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.4 28.7 29.3 – – – – – –
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637 643 651 – – – – – –
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.2 19.8 20.0 – – – – – –
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353 289 301 – – – – – –
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.6 31.0 31.6 – – – – – –

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release
of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Educational attainment Oct. Sept. Oct. Oct. June July Aug. Sept. Oct.
2009 2010 2010 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,849 11,834 11,519 12,155 12,095 12,048 11,819 11,821 11,800
Participation rate................................... . 46.0 46.7 45.9 47.2 45.4 47.3 46.4 46.7 47.0
Employed................ . . . . . . . . . . ................. . 10,194 10,143 9,908 10,272 10,391 10,390 10,165 10,001 9,993
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.6 40.0 39.4 39.9 39.0 40.8 39.9 39.5 39.8
Unemployed........................................ . 1,655 1,691 1,611 1,883 1,704 1,658 1,654 1,820 1,806
Unemployment rate............................. . 14.0 14.3 14.0 15.5 14.1 13.8 14.0 15.4 15.3
High school graduates, no college1
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,729 37,982 37,638 37,917 38,107 37,941 38,314 38,116 37,968
Participation rate................................... . 61.5 61.6 60.9 61.8 62.0 61.6 61.9 61.9 61.4
Employed................ . . . . . . . . . . ................. . 33,884 34,460 34,186 33,674 33,993 34,113 34,373 34,289 34,130
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.3 55.9 55.3 54.9 55.3 55.4 55.6 55.6 55.2
Unemployed........................................ . 3,846 3,521 3,452 4,243 4,114 3,829 3,940 3,827 3,838
Unemployment rate............................. . 10.2 9.3 9.2 11.2 10.8 10.1 10.3 10.0 10.1
Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,047 36,988 37,445 36,899 36,586 36,713 37,068 37,037 37,228
Participation rate................................... . 71.1 70.3 70.6 70.9 70.7 70.0 70.5 70.4 70.2
Employed................ . . . . . . . . . . ................. . 33,909 33,750 34,417 33,596 33,579 33,652 33,850 33,684 34,067
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.1 64.1 64.9 64.5 64.9 64.1 64.4 64.0 64.2
Unemployed........................................ . 3,138 3,239 3,028 3,303 3,007 3,061 3,218 3,352 3,161
Unemployment rate............................. . 8.5 8.8 8.1 9.0 8.2 8.3 8.7 9.1 8.5
Bachelor’s degree and higher2
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46,550 46,573 46,451 46,316 46,246 46,015 45,676 46,472 46,140
Participation rate................................... . 77.8 76.6 76.6 77.4 77.3 76.2 75.8 76.4 76.1
Employed................ . . . . . . . . . . ................. . 44,431 44,488 44,370 44,116 44,200 43,924 43,582 44,420 43,992
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.3 73.2 73.2 73.7 73.8 72.7 72.3 73.1 72.6
Unemployed........................................ . 2,120 2,084 2,081 2,200 2,046 2,091 2,094 2,052 2,149
Unemployment rate............................. . 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.7 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.4 4.7

1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2 Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,
and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total Men Women
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct.
2009 2010 2009 2010 2009 2010

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,072 21,896 20,309 20,105 1,763 1,791
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,886 11,609 10,733 10,517 1,153 1,092
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.9 53.0 52.8 52.3 65.4 61.0
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,928 10,646 9,879 9,640 1,049 1,007
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.5 48.6 48.6 47.9 59.5 56.2
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 958 962 855 877 103 85
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1 8.3 8.0 8.3 8.9 7.8
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,186 10,287 9,576 9,588 610 699
Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,991 2,321 1,651 1,902 340 419
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,665 1,900 1,402 1,612 263 289
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83.6 81.9 84.9 84.8 77.3 68.8
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,472 1,699 1,240 1,445 231 254
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.9 73.2 75.1 76.0 68.1 60.7
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 201 162 167 31 34
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.6 10.6 11.5 10.4 11.9 11.9
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326 420 249 290 77 131
Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,016 2,816 2,525 2,401 491 415
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,633 2,448 2,228 2,127 405 321
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87.3 86.9 88.2 88.6 82.5 77.3
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,473 2,265 2,100 1,973 373 292
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.0 80.4 83.2 82.2 76.0 70.3
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 183 128 154 32 29
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 7.5 5.7 7.3 7.9 9.0
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383 368 297 274 86 94
World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,247 10,900 10,870 10,544 377 356
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,108 3,947 3,973 3,835 136 112
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.5 36.2 36.5 36.4 36.0 31.3
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,795 3,608 3,671 3,503 124 105
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.7 33.1 33.8 33.2 32.8 29.4
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313 339 301 332 12 7
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6 8.6 7.6 8.7 8.7 6.1
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,139 6,953 6,897 6,708 242 244
Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,819 5,860 5,264 5,259 555 601
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,480 3,314 3,131 2,943 349 371
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.8 56.6 59.5 56.0 62.9 61.7
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,188 3,075 2,867 2,719 321 355
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.8 52.5 54.5 51.7 57.9 59.2
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292 239 264 223 28 15
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 7.2 8.4 7.6 8.1 4.2
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,339 2,546 2,133 2,316 206 230
NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205,537 207,459 89,684 90,791 115,853 116,669
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139,792 140,044 70,112 70,220 69,681 69,823
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.0 67.5 78.2 77.3 60.1 59.8
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126,760 127,693 62,812 63,707 63,949 63,986
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.7 61.6 70.0 70.2 55.2 54.8
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,032 12,350 7,300 6,513 5,732 5,837
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3 8.8 10.4 9.3 8.2 8.4
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,745 67,416 19,573 20,570 46,172 46,846

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S.
Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August
2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time
periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and
another period are classified only in the wartime period. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally
adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Persons with a disability Persons with no disability
Employment status, sex, and age Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct.
2009 2010 2009 2010

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... . 26,863 26,545 209,687 211,986
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,839 5,682 147,796 147,970
Participation rate..................................................................... . 21.7 21.4 70.5 69.8
Employed............................................................................. . 4,875 4,842 134,214 134,907
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.1 18.2 64.0 63.6
Unemployed.......................................................................... . 965 840 13,582 13,063
Unemployment rate............................................................... . 16.5 14.8 9.2 8.8
Not in labor force....................................................................... . 21,024 20,863 61,891 64,015
Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,642 2,643 75,469 75,282
Participation rate..................................................................... . 36.2 36.1 83.2 82.4
Employed............................................................................. . 2,146 2,204 67,735 68,269
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.4 30.1 74.7 74.7
Unemployed.......................................................................... . 497 439 7,734 7,012
Unemployment rate............................................................... . 18.8 16.6 10.2 9.3
Not in labor force....................................................................... . 4,652 4,668 15,238 16,080
Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,361 2,262 66,461 66,634
Participation rate..................................................................... . 31.9 30.8 71.5 71.2
Employed............................................................................. . 1,979 1,924 60,946 60,931
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.7 26.2 65.6 65.1
Unemployed.......................................................................... . 382 337 5,515 5,703
Unemployment rate............................................................... . 16.2 14.9 8.3 8.6
Not in labor force....................................................................... . 5,040 5,090 26,453 26,966
Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 836 777 5,866 6,054
Participation rate..................................................................... . 6.9 6.5 22.5 22.4
Employed............................................................................. . 750 714 5,533 5,706
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 6.0 21.2 21.1
Unemployed.......................................................................... . 86 64 333 348
Unemployment rate............................................................... . 10.3 8.2 5.7 5.8
Not in labor force....................................................................... . 11,332 11,105 20,199 20,969

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing
even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition;
has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor’s office or
shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total Men Women
Employment status and nativity Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct.
2009 2010 2009 2010 2009 2010

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,552 36,341 17,862 18,122 17,690 18,219
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,200 24,530 14,347 14,387 9,854 10,143
Participation rate..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 68.1 67.5 80.3 79.4 55.7 55.7
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,856 22,281 12,915 13,083 8,940 9,198
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.5 61.3 72.3 72.2 50.5 50.5
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,345 2,249 1,432 1,304 913 945
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.7 9.2 10.0 9.1 9.3 9.3
Not in labor force.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,351 11,811 3,515 3,734 7,836 8,077
Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200,998 202,189 96,668 97,421 104,330 104,769
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129,435 129,122 67,476 67,288 61,959 61,834
Participation rate..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.4 63.9 69.8 69.1 59.4 59.0
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117,233 117,468 60,446 60,887 56,787 56,581
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.3 58.1 62.5 62.5 54.4 54.0
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,202 11,654 7,030 6,401 5,172 5,253
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.4 9.0 10.4 9.5 8.3 8.5
Not in labor force.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,563 73,067 29,192 30,133 42,372 42,935

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or
one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the
United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated
population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Category Oct. Sept. Oct. Oct. June July Aug. Sept. Oct.
2009 2010 2010 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010

CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,049 2,203 2,360 2,041 2,120 2,192 2,188 2,154 2,359
Wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,281 1,370 1,475 1,263 1,289 1,329 1,300 1,291 1,447
Self-employed workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 748 802 840 736 808 825 855 799 833
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 31 45 – – – – – –
Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137,039 137,512 137,389 136,311 136,857 136,599 136,974 137,243 136,782
Wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128,093 128,565 128,487 127,312 127,900 127,881 128,314 128,429 127,814
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,375 20,828 20,900 21,161 21,242 20,978 20,575 20,928 20,763
Private industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106,719 107,737 107,587 106,173 106,740 106,869 107,760 107,481 107,053
Private households........................... . 702 597 562 – – – – – –
Other industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106,016 107,139 107,025 105,401 106,065 106,270 107,118 106,900 106,433
Self-employed workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,879 8,878 8,817 8,960 8,889 8,779 8,678 8,743 8,896
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 69 85 – – – – – –
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME1
All industries
Part time for economic reasons2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,474 8,628 8,408 9,240 8,627 8,529 8,860 9,472 9,154
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,309 6,072 5,695 6,882 6,165 6,119 6,380 6,733 6,232
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,955 2,306 2,442 2,084 2,101 2,246 2,347 2,456 2,572
Part time for noneconomic reasons3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,135 18,579 18,717 18,632 17,870 18,157 18,558 18,234 18,211
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,350 8,540 8,279 9,158 8,472 8,386 8,730 9,336 9,047
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,203 6,020 5,619 6,797 6,074 6,018 6,304 6,640 6,161
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,947 2,286 2,421 2,033 2,086 2,192 2,320 2,431 2,523
Part time for noneconomic reasons3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,819 18,259 18,302 18,317 17,580 17,774 18,161 17,891 17,784

1 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the
entire week.
2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions,
inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.
3 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training,
retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during
the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of
the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Characteristic Oct. Sept. Oct. Oct. June July Aug. Sept. Oct.
2009 2010 2010 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139,088 139,715 139,749 138,242 139,119 138,960 139,250 139,391 139,061
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,287 4,084 4,144 4,448 4,286 4,315 4,373 4,261 4,312
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,400 1,417 1,409 1,417 1,380 1,345 1,402 1,398 1,422
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,887 2,667 2,735 3,041 2,899 2,984 2,975 2,867 2,897
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134,802 135,631 135,605 133,795 134,833 134,646 134,877 135,131 134,749
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,385 12,790 12,723 12,414 12,698 12,670 12,838 12,841 12,781
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,417 122,841 122,881 121,440 122,263 122,109 122,074 122,267 121,894
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95,001 94,535 94,791 94,272 94,270 94,062 94,005 94,067 94,017
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,072 30,474 30,589 29,811 30,157 30,278 30,318 30,315 30,325
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,144 30,713 30,886 30,966 30,772 30,604 30,584 30,514 30,648
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,784 33,348 33,315 33,495 33,341 33,180 33,104 33,238 33,044
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,416 28,305 28,091 27,168 27,993 28,047 28,069 28,200 27,878
Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,361 73,959 73,970 72,844 73,375 73,454 73,608 73,581 73,454
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,101 1,981 2,010 2,182 2,059 2,122 2,087 2,036 2,091
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671 673 623 688 631 667 667 660 650
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,430 1,308 1,387 1,485 1,434 1,472 1,428 1,372 1,441
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,260 71,978 71,960 70,662 71,316 71,332 71,521 71,545 71,363
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,224 6,536 6,481 6,257 6,473 6,434 6,571 6,536 6,540
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,037 65,442 65,479 64,449 64,862 64,937 64,952 65,015 64,838
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,689 50,641 50,805 50,222 50,264 50,340 50,321 50,303 50,255
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,405 16,590 16,668 16,203 16,274 16,403 16,478 16,433 16,438
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,763 16,659 16,737 16,642 16,649 16,644 16,601 16,534 16,574
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,520 17,392 17,400 17,376 17,341 17,293 17,242 17,336 17,243
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,348 14,802 14,675 14,227 14,598 14,597 14,631 14,712 14,583
Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,727 65,755 65,779 65,398 65,743 65,506 65,642 65,811 65,607
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,186 2,103 2,134 2,266 2,227 2,192 2,286 2,225 2,221
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 729 743 786 728 749 678 735 738 772
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,457 1,359 1,348 1,555 1,466 1,512 1,547 1,494 1,456
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,541 63,653 63,645 63,133 63,516 63,314 63,356 63,586 63,386
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,161 6,255 6,242 6,158 6,225 6,236 6,267 6,305 6,241
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,380 57,398 57,402 56,992 57,401 57,172 57,122 57,252 57,056
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,312 43,895 43,986 44,050 44,006 43,722 43,684 43,765 43,762
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,667 13,884 13,921 13,608 13,882 13,875 13,840 13,883 13,887
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,381 14,054 14,150 14,324 14,123 13,960 13,983 13,980 14,074
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,264 15,957 15,915 16,118 16,000 15,887 15,862 15,902 15,801
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,069 13,503 13,416 12,942 13,396 13,450 13,438 13,488 13,294
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,510 43,895 43,492 43,401 43,333 43,369 43,433 43,723 43,349
Married women, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,822 34,499 34,642 34,736 34,332 34,304 34,213 34,449 34,555
Women who maintain families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,786 8,906 8,959 – – – – – –
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111,599 112,385 112,342 110,817 112,646 112,076 111,822 111,716 111,592
Part-time workers2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,489 27,330 27,407 27,511 26,755 27,082 27,705 27,636 27,446
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,224 6,681 6,817 7,017 7,002 6,546 6,814 6,684 6,665
Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 4.8 4.9 5.1 5.0 4.7 4.9 4.8 4.8

1 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.
2 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated
population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons Unemployment rates
Characteristic (in thousands)
Oct. Sept. Oct. Oct. June July Aug. Sept. Oct.
2009 2010 2010 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,612 14,767 14,843 10.1 9.5 9.5 9.6 9.6 9.6
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,696 1,500 1,600 27.6 25.7 26.1 26.3 26.0 27.1
16 to 17 years................................... . 614 607 631 30.2 29.2 30.4 31.4 30.3 30.7
18 to 19 years................................... . 1,053 863 950 25.7 24.0 23.6 23.9 23.1 24.7
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,916 13,267 13,243 9.4 8.9 8.8 9.0 8.9 8.9
20 to 24 years................................... . 2,301 2,225 2,297 15.6 15.3 15.6 14.9 14.8 15.2
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,563 11,061 10,937 8.7 8.2 8.1 8.3 8.3 8.2
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,511 8,928 8,739 9.2 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.7 8.5
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,590 3,372 3,325 10.7 10.3 9.9 9.8 10.0 9.9
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,069 2,788 2,623 9.0 7.8 8.0 7.7 8.4 7.9
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,851 2,768 2,791 7.8 7.5 7.5 8.1 7.7 7.8
55 years and over............................ . 2,057 2,186 2,179 7.0 6.9 6.9 7.3 7.2 7.3
Men, 16 years and over.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,340 8,606 8,514 11.4 10.5 10.4 10.6 10.5 10.4
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 978 844 888 31.0 29.2 29.0 29.7 29.3 29.8
16 to 17 years................................... . 347 332 340 33.5 32.8 32.5 33.0 33.5 34.3
18 to 19 years................................... . 604 488 530 28.9 27.4 26.7 28.1 26.2 26.9
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,362 7,762 7,626 10.6 9.9 9.7 9.8 9.8 9.7
20 to 24 years................................... . 1,427 1,344 1,299 18.6 17.8 18.3 17.3 17.1 16.6
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,904 6,473 6,332 9.7 9.0 8.8 9.1 9.1 8.9
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,704 5,203 5,005 10.2 9.4 9.1 9.2 9.4 9.1
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,087 2,007 1,912 11.4 11.5 10.7 10.4 10.9 10.4
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,863 1,563 1,485 10.1 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.6 8.2
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,755 1,633 1,608 9.2 8.6 8.4 9.0 8.6 8.5
55 years and over............................ . 1,200 1,270 1,327 7.8 7.5 7.7 8.4 7.9 8.3
Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,271 6,161 6,329 8.8 8.3 8.5 8.6 8.6 8.8
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 717 656 712 24.0 22.3 23.1 22.9 22.8 24.3
16 to 17 years................................... . 266 275 291 26.8 25.8 28.2 30.0 27.1 27.4
18 to 19 years................................... . 449 376 421 22.4 20.3 20.5 19.5 20.1 22.4
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,554 5,505 5,617 8.1 7.8 7.9 8.0 8.0 8.1
20 to 24 years................................... . 874 881 998 12.4 12.6 12.7 12.2 12.3 13.8
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,659 4,588 4,605 7.6 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.4 7.5
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,806 3,726 3,734 8.0 7.5 7.7 7.7 7.8 7.9
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,503 1,365 1,413 9.9 8.9 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.2
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,207 1,226 1,138 7.8 7.4 7.6 7.1 8.1 7.5
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,096 1,135 1,182 6.4 6.4 6.5 7.1 6.7 7.0
55 years and over1 .......................... . 853 922 846 6.1 6.5 6.9 6.9 6.4 5.9
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,521 3,206 3,282 7.5 6.8 6.6 6.8 6.8 7.0
Married women, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,183 2,075 2,085 5.9 5.9 5.8 6.0 5.7 5.7
Women who maintain families1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,299 1,321 1,267 12.9 12.1 13.4 13.4 12.9 12.4
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,824 13,012 13,012 11.1 10.2 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.4
Part-time workers3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,790 1,789 1,854 6.1 6.4 6.4 6.7 6.1 6.3

1 Not seasonally adjusted.

2 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs.
3 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time
jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of
the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Reason Oct. Sept. Oct. Oct. June July Aug. Sept. Oct.
2009 2010 2010 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,176 8,651 8,331 10,261 9,114 9,125 9,305 9,401 9,108
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,177 910 890 1,671 1,424 1,268 1,480 1,349 1,278
Not on temporary layoff........................... . 7,999 7,741 7,441 8,590 7,690 7,857 7,825 8,051 7,829
Permanent job losers........................... . 6,564 6,271 6,009 6,922 6,404 6,518 6,480 6,589 6,319
Persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . . . 1,435 1,471 1,432 1,569 1,287 1,339 1,345 1,463 1,510
Job leavers............................................ . 938 880 876 909 900 900 874 807 854
Reentrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,376 3,428 3,466 3,461 3,308 3,393 3,411 3,436 3,512
New entrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,058 1,180 1,230 1,114 1,140 1,188 1,259 1,187 1,273
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.1 61.2 59.9 65.2 63.0 62.5 62.7 63.4 61.8
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1 6.4 6.4 10.6 9.8 8.7 10.0 9.1 8.7
Not on temporary layoff........................... . 55.0 54.7 53.5 54.6 53.2 53.8 52.7 54.3 53.1
Job leavers............................................ . 6.4 6.2 6.3 5.8 6.2 6.2 5.9 5.4 5.8
Reentrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.2 24.2 24.9 22.0 22.9 23.2 23.0 23.2 23.8
New entrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 8.3 8.8 7.1 7.9 8.1 8.5 8.0 8.6
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.0 5.6 5.4 6.7 5.9 5.9 6.0 6.1 5.9
Job leavers............................................ . 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6
Reentrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.3
New entrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Duration Oct. Sept. Oct. Oct. June July Aug. Sept. Oct.
2009 2010 2010 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,956 2,830 2,432 3,131 2,769 2,839 2,760 2,891 2,657
5 to 14 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,183 3,127 3,037 3,671 3,121 3,060 3,635 3,350 3,458
15 weeks and over................................... . 8,408 8,183 8,434 8,804 8,959 8,722 8,484 8,458 8,725
15 to 26 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,883 2,075 2,335 3,184 2,208 2,151 2,235 2,336 2,519
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,526 6,108 6,099 5,620 6,751 6,572 6,249 6,123 6,206
Average (mean) duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.1 34.1 34.9 27.2 35.2 34.2 33.6 33.3 33.9
Median duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.3 20.5 21.9 19.0 25.5 22.2 19.9 20.4 21.2
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.3 20.0 17.5 20.1 18.6 19.4 18.5 19.7 17.9
5 to 14 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.9 22.1 21.8 23.5 21.0 20.9 24.4 22.8 23.3
15 weeks and over................................... . 57.8 57.9 60.7 56.4 60.3 59.7 57.0 57.5 58.8
15 to 26 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.8 14.7 16.8 20.4 14.9 14.7 15.0 15.9 17.0
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.0 43.2 43.9 36.0 45.5 44.9 42.0 41.7 41.8

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Unemployment
Employed Unemployed
rates
Occupation
Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct.
2009 2010 2009 2010 2009 2010

Total, 16 years and over1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139,088 139,749 14,547 13,903 9.5 9.0
Management, professional, and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . 52,981 51,818 2,593 2,417 4.7 4.5
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,398 20,699 1,219 1,089 5.4 5.0
Professional and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,583 31,119 1,374 1,328 4.2 4.1
Service occupations................................................. . 24,323 24,540 2,705 2,758 10.0 10.1
Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,043 33,394 3,415 3,300 9.4 9.0
Sales and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,294 15,439 1,608 1,548 9.5 9.1
Office and administrative support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,748 17,955 1,806 1,752 9.2 8.9
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations........................................................ . 13,133 13,091 2,400 2,060 15.5 13.6
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 936 1,085 144 155 13.3 12.5
Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,604 7,026 1,797 1,456 19.1 17.2
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations............ . 4,593 4,980 459 449 9.1 8.3
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations........................................................ . 15,610 16,906 2,337 2,091 13.0 11.0
Production occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,486 8,255 1,269 1,134 14.5 12.1
Transportation and material moving occupations............. . 8,124 8,651 1,068 958 11.6 10.0

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed Unemployment
persons rates
Industry and class of worker (in thousands)
Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct.
2009 2010 2009 2010

Total, 16 years and over1 ............................................................... . 14,547 13,903 9.5 9.0

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,929 10,990 10.1 9.3
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.................................... . 84 89 10.8 10.4
Construction.......................................................................... . 1,744 1,445 18.7 17.3
Manufacturing........................................................................ . 1,884 1,474 12.2 9.5
Durable goods..................................................................... . 1,265 937 12.9 9.8
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 618 537 10.9 9.0
Wholesale and retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,919 1,888 9.6 9.2
Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480 404 8.6 6.9
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 300 8.2 9.8
Financial activities... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ . 646 590 7.0 6.7
Professional and business services............................................... . 1,488 1,525 10.3 10.6
Education and health services..................................................... . 1,280 1,263 6.0 5.8
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... . 1,604 1,458 12.4 11.1
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541 554 8.5 8.8
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers......................... . 166 176 11.8 11.0
Government workers................................................................... . 785 950 3.5 4.3
Self-employed and unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 610 557 5.9 5.4

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization
[Percent]
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Measure Oct. Sept. Oct. Oct. June July Aug. Sept. Oct.
2009 2010 2010 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as

a percent of the civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 5.3 5.5 5.7 5.8 5.7 5.5 5.5 5.7
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian
labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.0 5.6 5.4 6.7 5.9 5.9 6.0 6.1 5.9
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the
civilian labor force (official unemployment
rate). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5 9.2 9.0 10.1 9.5 9.5 9.6 9.6 9.6
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers,
as a percent of the civilian labor force plus
discouraged workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.9 9.9 9.8 10.6 10.2 10.2 10.3 10.3 10.4
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers,
plus all other persons marginally attached to
the labor force, as a percent of the civilian
labor force plus all persons marginally attached
to the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8 10.7 10.6 11.5 11.0 11.0 11.0 11.0 11.1
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons
marginally attached to the labor force, plus
total employed part time for economic reasons,
as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all
persons marginally attached to the labor
force................................................. . 16.3 16.2 15.9 17.4 16.5 16.5 16.7 17.1 17.0

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are
available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a
job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for
full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total Men Women
Category Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct.
2009 2010 2009 2010 2009 2010

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force............................................ . 82,915 84,878 32,707 33,867 50,207 51,011
Persons who currently want a job. . . . ............................. . 5,621 5,867 2,711 2,806 2,910 3,061
Marginally attached to the labor force1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,373 2,602 1,287 1,345 1,086 1,258
Discouraged workers2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808 1,219 500 712 309 507
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3 . . . . 1,565 1,383 787 633 778 751
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,224 6,817 3,579 3,177 3,645 3,640
Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 4.9 4.9 4.3 5.5 5.5
Primary job full time, secondary job part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,931 3,653 2,147 1,834 1,784 1,819
Primary and secondary jobs both part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,804 1,850 624 647 1,180 1,203
Primary and secondary jobs both full time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 197 155 118 85 80
Hours vary on primary or secondary job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,217 1,103 640 573 577 531

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week,
but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.
2 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling
or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.
3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation
problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4 Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Change
Industry Oct. Aug. Sept. Oct. Oct. Aug. Sept. Oct. from:
2010p 2010p 2010p Sept.
2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010
2010- Oct.
2010p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130,889 130,135 130,596 131,515 129,633 130,352 130,311 130,462 151
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107,996 108,917 108,534 108,943 107,115 107,956 108,063 108,222 159
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,353 18,458 18,364 18,362 17,993 18,048 18,044 18,049 5
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681 754 758 765 669 742 748 755 7
Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.2 50.3 49.2 48.9 48.5 48.2 47.2 46.8 -0.4
Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 629.5 703.3 708.8 716.3 620.8 694.1 700.8 708.4 7.6
Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160.8 168.2 167.4 169.9 160.4 167.2 168.5 170.6 2.1
Mining, except oil and gas1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210.5 223.5 222.8 221.6 204.3 216.0 216.7 216.9 0.2
Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.6 83.9 84.4 84.0 79.3 83.5 84.1 84.1 0.0
Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258.2 311.6 318.6 324.8 256.1 310.9 315.6 320.9 5.3
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,998 5,929 5,848 5,854 5,747 5,628 5,620 5,625 5
Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,345.3 1,312.0 1,298.5 1,297.4 1,300.0 1,260.7 1,263.3 1,259.3 -4.0
Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628.9 601.4 594.8 594.9 602.4 575.9 576.1 573.9 -2.2
Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 716.4 710.6 703.7 702.5 697.6 684.8 687.2 685.4 -1.8
Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . . 866.0 892.2 891.1 894.4 804.6 824.3 828.3 833.1 4.8
Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,786.3 3,724.6 3,658.2 3,661.9 3,642.8 3,543.1 3,528.5 3,532.2 3.7
Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . 1,637.0 1,603.2 1,588.0 1,581.6 1,569.6 1,523.2 1,521.3 1,517.7 -3.6
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . . 2,149.3 2,121.4 2,070.2 2,080.3 2,073.2 2,019.9 2,007.2 2,014.5 7.3
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,674 11,775 11,758 11,743 11,577 11,678 11,676 11,669 -7
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,118 7,222 7,223 7,222 7,070 7,180 7,186 7,183 -3
Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354.6 356.7 350.7 345.6 348.4 346.5 344.4 342.9 -1.5
Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391.9 393.4 394.1 391.9 382.2 382.6 384.6 384.2 -0.4
Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353.8 374.4 376.4 374.7 350.1 373.9 374.5 373.0 -1.5
Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,280.8 1,326.6 1,331.1 1,335.2 1,272.1 1,317.1 1,320.9 1,321.8 0.9
Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 989.3 1,001.8 1,000.1 1,006.9 983.8 1,000.0 1,000.7 1,002.1 1.4
Computer and electronic products1 . . . . . . . . . . 1,100.6 1,105.0 1,101.3 1,103.6 1,101.5 1,102.6 1,102.9 1,103.3 0.4
Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . . 159.7 161.2 161.4 162.2 159.6 161.2 161.1 161.8 0.7
Communication equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119.6 122.5 122.1 123.3 119.3 122.4 122.7 123.4 0.7
Semiconductors and electronic
components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360.4 370.9 368.4 368.9 361.1 369.8 368.6 368.6 0.0
Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412.2 405.4 405.0 404.5 413.5 404.1 405.8 405.0 -0.8
Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . . 367.3 374.4 374.9 373.5 365.6 372.4 373.6 373.1 -0.5
Transportation equipment1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,332.1 1,352.0 1,358.3 1,354.3 1,326.3 1,351.1 1,350.1 1,351.2 1.1
Motor vehicles and parts2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 662.4 684.4 690.7 689.4 657.9 683.9 683.6 686.9 3.3
Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366.0 362.9 359.2 356.4 364.6 358.4 357.1 355.6 -1.5
Miscellaneous manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 582.0 574.9 576.7 579.7 575.6 575.0 576.8 576.2 -0.6
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,556 4,553 4,535 4,521 4,507 4,498 4,490 4,486 -4
Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,487.9 1,496.3 1,487.7 1,475.8 1,462.0 1,458.7 1,455.7 1,453.0 -2.7
Beverages and tobacco products. . . . . . . . . . . . 192.6 185.8 188.0 189.6 187.8 182.0 183.6 185.5 1.9
Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122.6 123.1 122.9 123.6 119.9 122.7 122.5 122.7 0.2
Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124.7 121.7 122.6 121.7 123.6 122.0 122.1 120.4 -1.7
Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165.7 165.9 165.5 165.4 163.5 163.9 163.5 165.6 2.1
Leather and allied products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.2 29.6 29.5 30.1 28.1 29.3 29.2 29.6 0.4
Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400.5 399.2 399.0 398.6 399.3 398.0 398.6 398.4 -0.2
Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . . 510.4 493.6 490.4 489.9 506.7 492.6 489.1 487.8 -1.3
Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116.7 117.0 115.7 117.7 115.3 113.6 113.4 115.3 1.9
Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 789.8 779.7 776.2 773.9 790.5 778.4 778.0 776.0 -2.0
Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 617.2 640.8 637.2 634.9 610.7 636.3 634.0 632.1 -1.9
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89,643 90,459 90,170 90,581 89,122 89,908 90,019 90,173 154
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,795 24,786 24,745 24,927 24,670 24,779 24,806 24,843 37
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,594.4 5,614.3 5,605.0 5,622.9 5,574.5 5,589.4 5,593.1 5,600.4 7.3
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,792.4 2,790.8 2,786.2 2,792.3 2,787.0 2,776.6 2,779.9 2,781.1 1.2
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,982.5 1,982.5 1,976.6 1,984.1 1,968.7 1,974.5 1,973.6 1,976.1 2.5
Electronic markets and agents and brokers.. . 819.5 841.0 842.2 846.5 818.8 838.3 839.6 843.2 3.6
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,417.5 14,459.0 14,348.1 14,499.0 14,365.7 14,448.8 14,460.4 14,488.3 27.9
Motor vehicle and parts dealers1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,632.6 1,654.8 1,654.6 1,656.6 1,618.6 1,636.1 1,640.8 1,648.6 7.8
Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,014.7 1,027.0 1,028.9 1,032.4 1,005.7 1,019.4 1,022.3 1,028.5 6.2

See footnotes at end of table.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Change
Industry Oct. Aug. Sept. Oct. Oct. Aug. Sept. Oct. from:
2010p 2010p 2010p Sept.
2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010
2010- Oct.
2010p
Retail trade - Continued
Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . . 445.5 432.3 435.0 445.9 437.3 437.8 440.7 441.7 1.0
Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . 480.3 476.4 479.6 494.3 475.3 483.7 487.0 491.7 4.7
Building material and garden supply stores.. . 1,136.5 1,154.1 1,132.0 1,125.7 1,138.9 1,143.7 1,141.3 1,137.8 -3.5
Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,816.5 2,821.4 2,801.1 2,814.0 2,823.5 2,808.1 2,809.9 2,809.5 -0.4
Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . 979.6 970.3 964.2 969.9 978.8 971.4 971.2 972.4 1.2
Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 827.1 834.9 826.4 820.9 827.5 820.9 820.8 818.6 -2.2
Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . . 1,364.7 1,398.0 1,363.9 1,399.2 1,351.8 1,392.1 1,394.8 1,402.5 7.7
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music
stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607.0 604.4 604.4 612.8 596.3 609.4 607.3 607.0 -0.3
General merchandise stores1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,912.2 2,929.4 2,901.2 2,944.4 2,930.4 2,954.6 2,957.0 2,961.4 4.4
Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,452.3 1,471.1 1,453.0 1,480.7 1,457.0 1,494.0 1,492.8 1,494.2 1.4
Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 785.1 771.9 765.0 779.5 770.6 768.6 766.9 771.9 5.0
Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430.4 411.1 420.7 435.8 416.7 422.4 422.7 425.2 2.5
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,221.5 4,157.4 4,242.6 4,252.4 4,168.6 4,187.8 4,201.3 4,201.2 -0.1
Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454.8 457.2 455.8 454.8 457.1 453.5 454.2 453.8 -0.4
Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215.5 220.7 222.4 222.7 214.1 220.8 221.5 222.3 0.8
Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.5 66.5 65.0 65.0 62.8 63.7 63.7 64.5 0.8
Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,261.9 1,266.2 1,266.6 1,264.0 1,240.8 1,242.3 1,242.8 1,243.1 0.3
Transit and ground passenger
transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430.6 359.6 441.7 451.7 416.7 426.1 432.3 435.0 2.7
Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.1 39.5 38.9 39.2 42.3 39.3 38.8 38.9 0.1
Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . . 28.2 36.5 34.0 29.5 27.3 28.5 28.7 28.9 0.2
Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . . 545.4 549.2 547.0 550.3 537.8 547.2 546.8 547.2 0.4
Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537.2 517.4 522.9 521.5 538.6 522.1 526.6 521.2 -5.4
Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 641.3 644.6 648.3 653.7 631.1 644.3 645.9 646.3 0.4
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 561.1 555.1 549.4 552.5 561.0 553.1 550.9 552.9 2.0
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,769 2,730 2,706 2,714 2,774 2,724 2,716 2,715 -1
Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . 774.6 763.5 759.4 760.7 772.5 761.7 760.6 760.5 -0.1
Motion picture and sound recording
industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348.1 365.5 351.9 351.1 353.8 358.6 355.7 353.0 -2.7
Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297.0 296.7 297.2 298.8 296.0 297.3 297.7 298.1 0.4
Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 964.9 920.0 913.2 916.8 967.0 920.5 915.9 916.8 0.9
Data processing, hosting and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248.6 242.6 243.2 245.2 248.8 244.7 245.1 245.6 0.5
Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135.4 141.8 141.2 140.9 135.7 141.1 141.4 141.1 -0.3
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,673 7,624 7,580 7,577 7,664 7,578 7,576 7,575 -1
Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,694.9 5,651.2 5,632.4 5,643.3 5,694.8 5,643.7 5,642.7 5,645.3 2.6
Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . . 21.0 21.4 21.4 21.3 21.2 21.2 21.3 21.4 0.1
Credit intermediation and related
activities1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,564.9 2,567.7 2,563.2 2,571.5 2,565.6 2,564.8 2,570.4 2,574.4 4.0
Depository credit intermediation1 . . . . . . . . . . 1,747.5 1,762.8 1,756.5 1,763.9 1,747.4 1,757.6 1,761.4 1,766.9 5.5
Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,308.2 1,321.1 1,317.1 1,322.9 1,308.4 1,317.8 1,320.6 1,324.9 4.3
Securities, commodity contracts,
investments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 796.6 796.9 793.7 792.9 795.5 795.7 795.2 792.2 -3.0
Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . . 2,225.1 2,179.9 2,169.4 2,172.2 2,225.4 2,176.9 2,170.9 2,172.3 1.4
Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles. . . 87.3 85.3 84.7 85.4 87.1 85.1 84.9 85.0 0.1
Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,977.9 1,972.9 1,948.0 1,934.0 1,969.1 1,934.1 1,933.2 1,930.1 -3.1
Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,410.5 1,398.1 1,388.4 1,384.2 1,403.8 1,378.0 1,380.5 1,379.6 -0.9
Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541.6 550.6 535.7 525.4 539.4 532.2 528.8 526.0 -2.8
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . . 25.8 24.2 23.9 24.4 25.9 23.9 23.9 24.5 0.6
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,617 16,874 16,846 16,991 16,360 16,730 16,749 16,795 46
Professional and technical services1 . . . . . . . . . . . 7,418.5 7,395.4 7,339.9 7,403.0 7,434.1 7,433.8 7,421.9 7,428.6 6.7
Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,107.4 1,109.2 1,104.5 1,107.8 1,107.4 1,105.5 1,107.7 1,107.4 -0.3
Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . . 857.8 823.5 806.4 814.3 919.4 896.5 883.3 878.6 -4.7
Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . . 1,304.9 1,295.1 1,281.1 1,288.0 1,292.3 1,279.0 1,278.0 1,278.0 0.0
Computer systems design and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,438.4 1,465.9 1,460.9 1,477.8 1,429.9 1,460.7 1,463.4 1,470.9 7.5
Management and technical consulting
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,002.1 991.8 991.1 1,004.6 995.1 989.3 992.6 995.2 2.6

See footnotes at end of table.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Change
Industry Oct. Aug. Sept. Oct. Oct. Aug. Sept. Oct. from:
2010p 2010p 2010p Sept.
2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010
2010- Oct.
2010p
Professional and business services - Continued
Management of companies and enterprises. . . . 1,830.3 1,839.9 1,836.8 1,834.3 1,830.0 1,830.3 1,837.3 1,836.1 -1.2
Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,368.0 7,638.9 7,669.5 7,753.6 7,096.2 7,465.9 7,490.1 7,530.5 40.4
Administrative and support services1 . . . . . . . . 7,012.8 7,273.1 7,308.5 7,394.9 6,744.0 7,108.1 7,133.2 7,174.6 41.4
Employment services1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,602.0 2,836.2 2,905.6 2,983.2 2,408.6 2,776.4 2,807.4 2,836.8 29.4
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,921.7 2,152.6 2,212.2 2,298.4 1,766.6 2,116.5 2,140.3 2,175.2 34.9
Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 817.2 787.9 788.3 809.3 811.2 799.7 798.2 800.6 2.4
Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . . 1,778.2 1,839.2 1,802.6 1,783.4 1,727.1 1,734.1 1,733.0 1,733.8 0.8
Waste management and remediation
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355.2 365.8 361.0 358.7 352.2 357.8 356.9 355.9 -1.0
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,460 19,269 19,540 19,838 19,282 19,599 19,621 19,674 53
Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,239.8 2,846.4 3,090.1 3,307.4 3,087.7 3,154.5 3,142.7 3,161.9 19.2
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,220.4 16,422.3 16,450.2 16,530.4 16,194.6 16,444.3 16,478.0 16,512.0 34.0
Health care3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,621.6 13,826.9 13,802.4 13,853.4 13,605.6 13,796.9 13,820.8 13,844.9 24.1
Ambulatory health care services1 . . . . . . . . . 5,825.9 5,951.9 5,949.6 5,980.7 5,813.8 5,945.1 5,962.1 5,975.1 13.0
Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,295.0 2,324.5 2,320.5 2,331.6 2,287.6 2,322.6 2,326.8 2,329.5 2.7
Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 548.7 557.8 556.3 560.1 548.4 556.7 557.2 559.7 2.5
Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,042.9 1,072.5 1,078.0 1,084.8 1,040.7 1,073.2 1,079.6 1,083.2 3.6
Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,692.8 4,729.3 4,717.5 4,728.1 4,688.6 4,717.4 4,720.9 4,726.0 5.1
Nursing and residential care facilities1 . . . . 3,102.9 3,145.7 3,135.3 3,144.6 3,103.2 3,134.4 3,137.8 3,143.8 6.0
Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,653.5 1,665.3 1,661.8 1,664.2 1,652.9 1,659.1 1,660.9 1,663.4 2.5
Social assistance1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,598.8 2,595.4 2,647.8 2,677.0 2,589.0 2,647.4 2,657.2 2,667.1 9.9
Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 866.2 816.4 866.7 879.3 855.0 865.3 867.4 869.2 1.8
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,003 13,768 13,390 13,134 13,045 13,135 13,174 13,169 -5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,863.3 2,170.7 2,006.3 1,854.8 1,904.7 1,904.6 1,920.3 1,894.3 -26.0
Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . . 396.7 448.3 449.0 413.3 400.0 415.3 421.5 408.0 -13.5
Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks. . . 131.0 140.4 131.0 125.8 130.5 128.3 128.0 125.6 -2.4
Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . . 1,335.6 1,582.0 1,426.3 1,315.7 1,374.2 1,361.0 1,370.8 1,360.7 -10.1
Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,139.3 11,597.4 11,383.2 11,279.5 11,140.3 11,230.2 11,254.1 11,275.1 21.0
Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,737.3 1,909.3 1,799.4 1,751.0 1,741.3 1,774.3 1,763.9 1,760.5 -3.4
Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . . 9,402.0 9,688.1 9,583.8 9,528.5 9,399.0 9,455.9 9,490.2 9,514.6 24.4
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,326 5,408 5,363 5,400 5,327 5,363 5,377 5,402 25
Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,143.5 1,158.7 1,156.0 1,159.8 1,138.2 1,151.8 1,154.5 1,159.3 4.8
Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,270.0 1,273.4 1,268.8 1,279.7 1,269.7 1,267.8 1,272.0 1,283.1 11.1
Membership associations and organizations. . . . 2,912.4 2,975.8 2,938.3 2,960.9 2,918.8 2,943.0 2,950.9 2,959.9 9.0
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,893 21,218 22,062 22,572 22,518 22,396 22,248 22,240 -8
Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,846.0 2,939.0 2,853.0 2,849.0 2,836.0 2,919.0 2,844.0 2,843.0 -1.0
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,150.3 2,290.4 2,206.8 2,199.0 2,147.4 2,268.6 2,195.8 2,198.1 2.3
U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695.5 648.2 646.5 650.4 688.6 650.6 648.3 644.7 -3.6
State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,331.0 4,884.0 5,178.0 5,309.0 5,182.0 5,158.0 5,164.0 5,164.0 0.0
State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,539.2 2,106.9 2,427.1 2,564.5 2,378.5 2,403.2 2,411.0 2,412.9 1.9
State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . . 2,791.4 2,777.2 2,751.2 2,744.6 2,803.4 2,754.8 2,752.7 2,751.2 -1.5
Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,716.0 13,395.0 14,031.0 14,414.0 14,500.0 14,319.0 14,240.0 14,233.0 -7.0
Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,300.4 6,846.1 7,684.4 8,122.6 8,041.0 7,945.8 7,889.3 7,897.1 7.8
Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . . 6,415.5 6,549.3 6,346.2 6,291.8 6,459.0 6,373.2 6,350.4 6,336.2 -14.2

1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
3 Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.
p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
Oct. Aug. Sept. Oct.
Industry 2009 2010 2010p 2010p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. . 33.7 34.3 34.2 34.3
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.4 39.6 39.6 39.7
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.6 43.7 43.7 43.7
Construction.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.7 37.7 37.8 37.9
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.1 40.2 40.2 40.3
Durable goods... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................................. . 39.2 40.4 40.4 40.6
Nondurable goods.............................................................. . 39.0 39.8 39.8 40.0
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.8 33.2 33.1 33.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.1 34.3 34.2 34.5
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.7 38.4 38.5 38.6
Retail trade...................................................................... . 31.3 31.2 31.1 31.3
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.1 38.5 38.4 38.8
Utilities........................................................................... . 40.9 41.5 41.2 42.0
Information......................................................................... . 36.6 36.7 36.8 36.8
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.6 37.0 37.1 37.0
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.9 35.6 35.6 35.8
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.7 33.0 32.9 33.0
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.4 25.9 25.8 25.9
Other services..................................................................... . 31.3 32.0 32.0 31.9
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing........................................................................... . 2.5 3.0 3.0 3.0
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 2.9 2.9 2.9
Nondurable goods................................................................... . 2.8 3.1 3.2 3.2

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings
Industry Oct. Aug. Sept. Oct. Oct. Aug. Sept. Oct.
2009 2010 2010p 2010p 2009 2010 2010p 2010p

Total private................................................ . $22.35 $22.65 $22.68 $22.73 $ 753.20 $ 776.90 $ 775.66 $ 779.64
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.91 24.13 24.14 24.20 918.14 955.55 955.94 960.74
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.38 27.67 27.98 27.99 1,139.01 1,209.18 1,222.73 1,223.16
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.08 25.22 25.21 25.26 920.44 950.79 952.94 957.35
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.15 23.39 23.39 23.45 905.17 940.28 940.28 945.04
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.70 24.85 24.85 24.89 968.24 1,003.94 1,003.94 1,010.53
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.71 21.02 21.02 21.11 807.69 836.60 836.60 844.40
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.99 22.30 22.33 22.38 721.27 740.36 739.12 745.25
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.50 19.81 19.84 19.85 664.95 679.48 678.53 684.83
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.84 26.27 26.30 26.34 974.17 1,008.77 1,012.55 1,016.72
Retail trade......................................... . 15.46 15.62 15.63 15.65 483.90 487.34 486.09 489.85
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.58 21.02 21.11 21.05 784.10 809.27 810.62 816.74
Utilities.............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................. . 33.07 33.07 33.03 33.18 1,352.56 1,372.41 1,360.84 1,393.56
Information............................................ . 29.70 30.76 30.98 31.14 1,087.02 1,128.89 1,140.06 1,145.95
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.69 27.21 27.21 27.29 976.85 1,006.77 1,009.49 1,009.73
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.13 27.35 27.37 27.40 946.84 973.66 974.37 980.92
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.52 22.98 22.97 23.06 736.40 758.34 755.71 760.98
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.10 13.09 13.09 13.14 332.74 339.03 337.72 340.33
Other services........................................ . 19.95 19.83 19.91 20.03 624.44 634.56 637.12 638.96

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry sector, seasonally adjusted
[2007=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours1 Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2
Percent Percent
change change
Industry from: from:
Oct. Aug. Sept. Oct. Sept. Oct. Aug. Sept. Oct. Sept.
2009 2010 2010p 2010p 2010- 2009 2010 2010p 2010p 2010 -
Oct. Oct.
2010p 2010p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90.5 92.8 92.6 93.0 0.4 96.4 100.2 100.2 100.8 0.6
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78.7 81.4 81.4 81.6 0.2 85.1 88.8 88.8 89.3 0.6
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87.4 101.9 102.7 103.7 1.0 96.1 113.2 115.4 116.5 1.0
Construction................................. . 72.7 73.1 73.2 73.5 0.4 79.2 80.1 80.2 80.6 0.5
Manufacturing............................... . 81.4 84.5 84.4 84.6 0.2 87.7 91.9 91.8 92.3 0.5
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78.0 81.7 81.7 82.1 0.5 85.6 90.1 90.2 90.8 0.7
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87.7 89.4 89.2 89.6 0.4 92.2 95.3 95.1 95.9 0.8
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93.9 95.9 95.7 96.4 0.7 100.0 103.6 103.5 104.6 1.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . 91.4 92.4 92.2 93.1 1.0 96.0 98.5 98.5 99.5 1.0
Wholesale trade.......................... . 91.7 93.6 94.0 94.3 0.3 98.9 102.7 103.1 103.7 0.6
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91.3 91.5 91.3 92.1 0.9 93.3 94.5 94.4 95.3 1.0
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . 90.9 92.3 92.3 93.3 1.1 94.9 98.4 98.9 99.7 0.8
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99.3 99.3 98.2 100.4 2.2 108.4 108.5 107.1 110.1 2.8
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.7 91.3 91.3 91.2 -0.1 98.1 100.0 100.7 101.2 0.5
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.4 92.4 92.6 92.4 -0.2 96.3 98.1 98.4 98.4 0.0
Professional and business services...... . 89.8 93.7 93.8 94.6 0.9 98.7 103.8 104.0 105.0 1.0
Education and health services. . . . ........ . 102.6 105.3 105.1 105.7 0.6 108.3 113.3 113.1 114.2 1.0
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94.5 97.1 97.0 97.3 0.3 99.9 102.5 102.4 103.2 0.8
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.4 95.1 95.3 95.5 0.2 104.6 107.0 107.7 108.5 0.7

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual
average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding
2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly
hours, and employment.
p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees
Industry Oct. Aug. Sept. Oct. Oct. Aug. Sept. Oct.
2009 2010 2010p 2010p 2009 2010 2010p 2010p

Total nonfarm.............. . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... . 64,760 64,714 64,642 64,688 50.0 49.6 49.6 49.6
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,909 51,965 52,005 52,076 48.5 48.1 48.1 48.1
Goods-producing..................................... . 4,186 4,140 4,128 4,112 23.3 22.9 22.9 22.8
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 103 104 103 14.6 13.9 13.9 13.6
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 775 732 728 726 13.5 13.0 13.0 12.9
Manufacturing...................................... . 3,313 3,305 3,296 3,283 28.6 28.3 28.2 28.1
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,756 1,748 1,742 1,730 24.8 24.3 24.2 24.1
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,557 1,557 1,554 1,553 34.5 34.6 34.6 34.6
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47,723 47,825 47,877 47,964 53.5 53.2 53.2 53.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,092 10,031 10,034 10,052 40.9 40.5 40.4 40.5
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,689.8 1,680.2 1,682.4 1,686.0 30.3 30.1 30.1 30.1
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,263.5 7,216.0 7,217.2 7,232.7 50.6 49.9 49.9 49.9
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 997.1 1,001.8 1,001.7 1,001.0 23.9 23.9 23.8 23.8
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141.2 133.2 132.3 132.0 25.2 24.1 24.0 23.9
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,147 1,110 1,104 1,104 41.3 40.7 40.6 40.7
Financial activities................................. . 4,551 4,459 4,452 4,444 59.4 58.8 58.8 58.7
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,368 7,419 7,445 7,465 45.0 44.3 44.5 44.4
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,922 15,116 15,134 15,176 77.4 77.1 77.1 77.1
Leisure and hospitality............................ . 6,840 6,868 6,878 6,880 52.4 52.3 52.2 52.2
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,803 2,822 2,830 2,843 52.6 52.6 52.6 52.6
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,851 12,749 12,637 12,612 57.1 56.9 56.8 56.7

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted1
[In thousands]
Oct. Aug. Sept. Oct.
Industry 2010p
2009 2010 2010p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88,194 88,955 89,057 89,193

Goods-producing....... . . . . . . . . . . . ..................................................... . 12,948 12,980 12,986 13,002
Mining and logging.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 486 555 557 564
Construction.......................................................................... . 4,338 4,238 4,250 4,265
Manufacturing........................................................................ . 8,124 8,187 8,179 8,173
Durable goods..................................................................... . 4,833 4,916 4,918 4,915
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,291 3,271 3,261 3,258
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,246 75,975 76,071 76,191
Trade, transportation, and utilities................................................. . 20,869 20,974 20,989 21,025
Wholesale trade................................................................... . 4,484.3 4,481.3 4,481.3 4,486.1
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,313.9 12,432.1 12,446.7 12,482.7
Transportation and warehousing................................................ . 3,622.3 3,622.0 3,625.3 3,618.6
Utilities.............................................................................. . 448.5 438.4 436.1 437.3
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,213 2,188 2,185 2,189
Financial activities... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ . 5,926 5,839 5,835 5,812
Professional and business services............................................... . 13,336 13,716 13,735 13,765
Education and health services..................................................... . 16,924 17,183 17,199 17,251
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... . 11,521 11,583 11,626 11,620
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,457 4,492 4,502 4,529

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees
in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
Oct. Aug. Sept. Oct.
Industry 2009 2010 2010p 2010p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. . 33.0 33.5 33.5 33.6
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.1 40.5 40.6 40.6
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.8 45.5 44.5 44.3
Construction.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.9 38.6 39.0 38.8
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.0 41.1 41.2 41.3
Durable goods... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................................. . 40.1 41.3 41.4 41.4
Nondurable goods.............................................................. . 40.0 40.9 41.0 41.0
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.0 32.3 32.3 32.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.9 33.5 33.4 33.5
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.4 38.1 38.2 38.2
Retail trade...................................................................... . 29.9 30.3 30.1 30.2
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.3 37.5 37.6 37.7
Utilities........................................................................... . 41.7 42.3 41.8 42.9
Information......................................................................... . 36.4 36.4 36.2 36.3
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.0 36.4 36.2 36.2
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.6 35.1 35.2 35.3
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.2 32.2 32.2 32.3
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.6 24.8 24.8 24.9
Other services..................................................................... . 30.5 30.9 30.9 30.9
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing........................................................................... . 3.2 3.8 3.9 3.9
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 3.8 3.9 3.9
Nondurable goods................................................................... . 3.4 3.9 3.9 4.0

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees
in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings
Industry Oct. Aug. Sept. Oct. Oct. Aug. Sept. Oct.
2009 2010 2010p 2010p 2009 2010 2010p 2010p

Total private................................................ . $18.78 $19.09 $19.10 $19.17 $ 619.74 $ 639.52 $ 639.85 $ 644.11
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.04 20.31 20.34 20.39 783.56 822.56 825.80 827.83
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.45 23.86 24.14 23.92 1,003.66 1,085.63 1,074.23 1,059.66
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.91 23.28 23.22 23.35 845.38 898.61 905.58 905.98
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.41 18.59 18.64 18.68 736.40 764.05 767.97 771.48
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.55 19.73 19.81 19.84 783.96 814.85 820.13 821.38
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.72 16.87 16.87 16.91 668.80 689.98 691.67 693.31
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.51 18.83 18.83 18.91 592.32 608.21 608.21 612.68
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.59 16.88 16.94 17.02 545.81 565.48 565.80 570.17
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.08 21.56 21.68 21.84 788.39 821.44 828.18 834.29
Retail trade......................................... . 13.05 13.26 13.30 13.35 390.20 401.78 400.33 403.17
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.91 19.20 19.20 19.21 686.43 720.00 721.92 724.22
Utilities.............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................. . 29.69 30.50 30.51 30.66 1,238.07 1,290.15 1,275.32 1,315.31
Information............................................ . 25.69 25.89 25.96 26.02 935.12 942.40 939.75 944.53
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.03 21.48 21.36 21.51 757.08 781.87 773.23 778.66
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.52 22.92 22.93 22.99 779.19 804.49 807.14 811.55
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.70 20.08 20.10 20.18 634.34 646.58 647.22 651.81
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.23 11.34 11.26 11.31 276.26 281.23 279.25 281.62
Other services........................................ . 16.78 16.82 16.86 16.91 511.79 519.74 520.97 522.52

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees
in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on
private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
[2002=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours2 Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3
Percent Percent
change change
Industry Oct. Aug. Sept. Oct. from: Oct. Aug. Sept. Oct. from:
2009 2010 2010p 2010p Sept. 2009 2010 2010p 2010p Sept.
2010 - 2010 -
Oct. Oct.
2010p 2010p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97.2 99.6 99.7 100.1 0.4 122.0 127.0 127.2 128.3 0.9
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.4 80.3 80.6 80.7 0.1 94.9 99.9 100.4 100.7 0.3
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110.5 134.2 131.7 132.8 0.8 150.8 186.2 184.9 184.7 -0.1
Construction................................. . 80.1 81.9 83.0 82.9 -0.1 99.1 103.0 104.1 104.5 0.4
Manufacturing............................... . 74.6 77.2 77.3 77.5 0.3 89.8 93.9 94.3 94.6 0.3
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.8 76.3 76.5 76.4 -0.1 88.9 94.0 94.6 94.7 0.1
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.6 78.8 78.8 78.7 -0.1 91.6 94.0 93.9 94.0 0.1
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103.0 104.9 105.1 105.6 0.5 130.7 135.5 135.6 136.9 1.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . 95.7 98.0 97.7 98.2 0.5 113.3 117.9 118.1 119.2 0.9
Wholesale trade.......................... . 98.8 100.5 100.8 100.9 0.1 122.6 127.7 128.7 129.8 0.9
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93.2 95.4 94.8 95.4 0.6 104.2 108.4 108.1 109.2 1.0
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . 99.0 102.2 102.6 102.7 0.1 118.7 124.5 125.0 125.1 0.1
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95.7 94.9 93.2 96.0 3.0 118.5 120.8 118.7 122.8 3.5
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.0 90.9 90.3 90.7 0.4 117.0 116.5 116.0 116.9 0.8
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102.1 101.7 101.1 100.7 -0.4 132.7 135.1 133.5 133.9 0.3
Professional and business services...... . 103.4 107.9 108.4 108.9 0.5 138.6 147.1 147.8 149.0 0.8
Education and health services. . . . ........ . 117.6 119.4 119.5 120.2 0.6 152.2 157.6 157.9 159.5 1.0
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103.9 105.3 105.7 106.1 0.4 132.5 135.6 135.1 136.2 0.8
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95.4 97.4 97.6 98.2 0.6 116.6 119.3 119.9 121.0 0.9

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees
in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual
average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding
2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly
hours, and employment.
p Preliminary