Solvent formula boiling melting density
solubility in relative eluant threshold
point (oC) point (oC) (g/mL) H2O1 (g/100g) polarity2 strength3 limits4 (ppm
acetic acid C2H4O2 118 16.6 1.049 M 0.648 >1 10
acetone C3H6O 56.2 -94.3 0.786 M 0.355 0.56 500
acetonitrile C2H3N 81.6 -46 0.786 M 0.460 0.65 20
acetyl acetone C5H8O2 140.4 -23 0.975 16 0.571
2-aminoethanol C2H7NO 170.9 10.5 1.018 M 0.651 3
aniline C6H7N 184.4 -6.0 1.022 3.4 0.420 2
anisole C7H8O 153.7 -37.5 0.996 0.10 0.198
benzene C6H6 80.1 5.5 0.879 0.18 0.111 0.32 0.5
benzonitrile C7H5N 205 -13 0.996 0.2 0.333 10
benzyl alcohol C7H8O 205.4 -15.3 1.042 3.5 0.608
1-butanol C4H10O 117.6 -89.5 0.81 7.7 0.586 20
2-butanol C4H10O 99.5 -114.7 0.808 18.1 0.506 100
i-butanol C4H10O 107.9 -108.2 0.803 8.5 0.552
2-butanone C4H8O 79.6 -86.3 0.805 25.6 0.327 0.51 200
t-butyl alcohol C4H10O 82.2 25.5 0.786 M 0.389 100
carbon disulfide CS2 46.3 -111.6 1.263 0.2 0.065 0.15 10
carbon tetrachloride CCl4 76.7 -22.4 1.594 0.08 0.052 0.18 5
chlorobenzene C6H5Cl 132 -45.6 1.106 0.05 0.188 0.30 10
chloroform CHCl3 61.2 -63.5 1.498 0.8 0.259 10
cyclohexane C6H12 80.7 6.6 0.779 0.005 0.006 0.04 100
cyclohexanol C6H12O 161.1 25.2 0.962 4.2 0.509 50
cyclohexanone C6H10O 155.6 -16.4 0.948 2.3 0.281 25
di-n-butylphthalate C16H22O4 340 -35 1.049 0.0011 0.272
1,1-dichloroethane C2H4Cl2 57.3 -97.0 1.176 0.5 0.269 100
diethylene glycol C4H10O3 245 -10 1.118 M 0.713
diglyme C6H14O3 162 -64 0.945 M 0.244
dimethoxyethane (glyme) C4H10O2 85 -58 0.868 M 0.231
N,N-dimethylaniline C8H11N 194.2 2.4 0.956 0.14 0.179
dimethylformamide (DMF) C3H7NO 153 -61 0.944 M 0.386 10
dimethylphthalate C10H10O4 283.8 1 1.190 0.43 0.309
dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) C2H6OS 189 18.4 1.092 M 0.444 0.75
dioxane C4H8O2 101.1 11.8 1.033 M 0.164 0.56 20
ethanol C2H6O 78.5 -114.1 0.789 M 0.654 0.88 100
ether C4H10O 34.6 -116.3 0.713 7.5 0.117 0.38 400
ethyl acetate C4H8O2 77 -83.6 0.894 8.7 0.228 0.58 400
ethyl acetoacetate C6H10O3 180.4 -80 1.028 2.9 0.577
ethyl benzoate C9H10O2 213 -34.6 1.047 0.07 0.228
ethylene glycol C2H6O2 197 -13 1.115 M 0.790 1.11
glycerin C3H8O3 290 17.8 1.261 M 0.812
heptane C7H16 98 -90.6 0.684 0.0003 0.012 400
1-heptanol C7H16O 176.4 -35 0.819 0.17 0.549
hexane C6H14 69 -95 0.655 0.0014 0.009 0.01 50
1-hexanol C6H14O 158 -46.7 0.814 0.59 0.559
methanol CH4O 64.6 -98 0.791 M 0.762 0.95 200
methyl acetate C3H6O2 56.9 -98.1 0.933 24.4 0.253 200
methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) C5H12O 55.2 -109 0.741 4.8 0.124 0.20
methylene chloride CH2Cl2 39.8 -96.7 1.326 1.32 0.309 0.42 50
1-octanol C8H18O 194.4 -15 0.827 0.096 0.537
pentane C5H12 36.1 -129.7 0.626 0.004 0.009 0.00 600
1-pentanol C5H12O 138.0 -78.2 0.814 2.2 0.568
2-pentanol C5H12O 119.0 -50 0.810 4.5 0.488
3-pentanol C5H12O 115.3 -8 0.821 5.1 0.463
2-pentanone C5H10O 102.3 -76.9 0.809 4.3 0.321
3-pentanone C5H12O 101.7 -39.8 0.814 3.4 0.265 200
1-propanol C3H8O 97 -126 0.803 M 0.617 0.82
2-propanol C3H8O 82.4 -88.5 0.785 M 0.546 0.82 400
pyridine C5H5N 115.5 -42 0.982 M 0.302 0.71 5
tetrahydrofuran(THF) C4H8O 66 -108.4 0.886 30 0.207 0.57 200
toluene C7H8 110.6 -93 0.867 0.05 0.099 0.29 50
water H2O 100.00 0.00 0.998 M 1.000 >>1
water, heavy D2O 101.3 4 1.107 M 0.991
p-xylene C8H10 138.3 13.3 0.861 0.02 0.074 0.26 100
1 M = miscible.
2 The values for relative polarity are normalized from measurements of solvent shifts of absorption spectra and were
extracted from Christian Reichardt, Solvents and Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry, Wiley-VCH Publishers, 3rd ed., 2003.
3 Snyder's empirical eluant strength parameter for alumina. Extracted from Reichardt, page 495.
4 Threshold limits for exposure. Extracted from Reichardt, pages 501-502.