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Tropane Alkaloids

The document discusses several plants that contain tropane alkaloids such as atropine and scopolamine. It provides details on their definition, chemical constituents, identification tests, biological sources, macroscopic and microscopic features, and common uses. Key plants discussed include belladonna, hyoscyamus, datura, and duboisia. The alkaloids contained in these plants have anticholinergic, antispasmodic, and sedative properties.

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kamsu Jyothsna
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289 views31 pages

Tropane Alkaloids

The document discusses several plants that contain tropane alkaloids such as atropine and scopolamine. It provides details on their definition, chemical constituents, identification tests, biological sources, macroscopic and microscopic features, and common uses. Key plants discussed include belladonna, hyoscyamus, datura, and duboisia. The alkaloids contained in these plants have anticholinergic, antispasmodic, and sedative properties.

Uploaded by

kamsu Jyothsna
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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TROPANE ALKALOIDS

Definition
 Alkaloids formed by the fusion of pyrrolidine +
piperidine + methylated N2
 Esters of tropic acid / mandelic acid & alcohol
 Acids
tropic acid
mandelic acid
 Alcohols
tropine hydroxy drv of tropane
scopine epoxytropine
Tropane alkaloids
 Atropine tropic acid
+ (±) tropine Atropine
 Hyoscyamine tropic acid
+ (-) tropine
 Hyoscine tropic acid
(scopolamine) + Oscine
Hyoscyamine

Hyoscine
Identification test
 General test
Vitali – Morin test
Crude alkaloids + fuming HNO3
Evaporated to dryness
Residue is obtained
Add acetone
Solution is obtained
Add methanolic KOH
Violet color ( due to tropane drv.)
Specific tests
 Test for detection of atropine  Test for detection of
Atropine in H2O hyoscine
sample in HBr soln.
+ AgNO3
Mydriasis
(dilation of pupil) Yellow white ppt

Dilute NH3 HNO3

Ppt is ppt is
Soluble insoluble
BELLADONA
Synonym
deadly nightshade,
devil’s herb, black
cherry
Biological Name
Atropa belladona
Family
solanaceae
Macroscopy
 Leaves – dull green to
yellowish green
 Ovate, thin & brittle, entire margin, acuminate apex,
acute base
 Surface is glabrous
 Stem – purplish green, slightly flat
 Flowers – purple with a yellow or green tinge
 Fruits – green to brown, sub-spherical
 Stomata –
Microscopy cruciferous/unequal
celled stomata
 Trichomes – covering &
glandular
 Calcium oxalate –
micrisphenoidal sandy
crystals
Mid rib
Collenchyma - on
both the surfaces
Vascular bundles – xylem &
phloem
Endodermis – numerous
starch grains
Constituents
 Total alkaloids – 0.3% - 0.6%
 Chief constituents – hyoscyamine
(ester of tropic acid & tropine)
 Scopolamine (hyoscine) – 6-11%
 Atropine
 Other constituents
Belladonine apotropine
scopoletin cuscohygrine
atroscine volatile bases
pyridine,N-methyl pyridine,
N-methyl pyrrolidine
Chemical test Uses
 Vitali – morin test  Parasympatholytic
 Specific tests for agents
Hyoscine & atropine  Anticholinergic prop.
 Test for scopoletin  Tmt. Of parkinson’s
alc.sample soln. + NH3 disease
blue fluor.  antispasmodic
 Peptic, duodenal &
gastric ulcers
 Sedative
Substitutes Adulterants
 Datura stramonium  Portuguese belladona
 Solanum nigrum  Leaves and aerial tops
of Phytolacca acinosa
 Leaves of Phytolacca
americana
 Italian belladona
 Leaves of scopolia
carniolica
HYOSCYAMUS
Synonym: Black henbane
 Biological Name: Hyoscyamus niger
 Family: solanaceae
 Cultivation
 seed propagation (sulphuric acid /
gibberlic acid)
 leaves of rosette – collected – central

bud left
 harvest – aug – sept

 drying – artificial heating


macroscopy
 Pale greyish green
 Characteristic odour
 Acrid & bitter taste
 Sticky and resinous
microscopy
 T.S of Lamina
 Upper epidermis
 Smooth cuticle, wavy anticlinal wall,
 Anisocytic stomata, covering and glandular
trichomes
 Mesophyll
 Dorsiventral, palisade layer & spongy par. Tis
 Below palisade layer single layer of ca ox crystals
& microsphenoidal crystal (near midrib)
 Lower epidermis
 More no. of stomata
T.S of Midrib
 Collenchyma tissue
 Below up. Epi
 Inner lining of endodermis
 Above the low. Epi
 Vascular bundle
 Bicollateral arrangement
 Pericycle
 Found inner side of epidermis
 Endodermis
 Compactly arranged with numerous starch grains
Constituents
 Hyoscyamine
 Hyoscyamine hydrolysis tropine
60°C +
tropic acid
 Hyoscine
hydrolysis pseudotropine
60°C +
tropic acid
 Hyoscipicrin
 Choline
 2% Pot. Nitrate
Chemical test Subs & Adult
 Vitali-morin test  H.albus
 Test for hyoscine  H.reticulatus
USES  Dandelion leaves
 Anticholinergic drug  H. aurens
 Expectorant  H. pusillus
 Antiseptic
DATURA
D.stramonium D.metel
 Synonym: thornapple  Synonym: Downy
Devil’s apple
 Biological
thornapple
Datura herb
Name : D. stramonium
 Biological
 Family : solanaceae
Name : D. metel
 Family : solanaceae
Cultivation
 Calcarious soil  Seed propagation
 Seed propagation  Harvested end of august
 Collection done
immediately after the Species of Datura
fruits ripe
 Dried at 45 – 50°C
Datura metel (Indian datura)
Datura arborea (south Am.)
Datura quercifolia (Mexican)
Datura ferox (chinese)
El.Bethene (Aftrican)
macroscopy
 Extremely bad odour  Unpleasant and char.
 Very bitter and oily taste Odour
 Green ovate, triangular  Bitter and acrid taste
ovate  Greyish green, ovate,
 Glabrous thin, entire & toothed
 Dentate margin – 4-5  Bear small hair
teeth  Acuminate apex
 Acuminate apex,  Unsymmetric base
unsymmetric base
microscopy
 Lamina
 Upper epidermis – anisocytic stomata
 Mesophyll
 Lower epidermis
 Midrib
 Collenchyma
 Vascular bundle
 Endodermis
constituents
 Hyoscyamine  Hyoscyamine
 Hyoscine  Minute qty – atropine &
 Small qty of atropine scopolamine
 Tropine  Meteloidine
 Pseudotropine
 Gum
 Resins, Volatile oil
 Roots – ditigloyl esters
 3,6 – dihydroxytropane
 3,6,7-
trihydroxytropane
uses
 Anticholinergic  Ophthalmic use
 Tmt of asthma  Asthma
 Ophthalmic use  Antispasmodic,
 Tmt of mania antitussive,
 Tmt of parkinson’s
bronchodilatory prop.
disease  Hypnotic &
hallucinogenic act
substitutes
 Xanthium macrocarpum  D.innoxia
 H.niger  D.tatula
 D.innoxia
 D.metel

Adulterants
X.Strumarium
Carthamus helenoide
Solanum nigrum
Chenopodium hybridum
DUBOISIA
 Synonym : cork wood, cork tree
 Biological source
 Dried leaves of Duboisia myoporoides &
D. leichhardtii
 Solanaceae

 Macroscopy
 Perennial shrub
 3mt height
 Brown to purple color bark in young but corky at older
stage
 Leaves – tapering at both ends and alternatively
arranged
 Colour – pale green
 Taste – intensly bitter
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS
 Commercial source of scopolamine
and atropine
 Drug mainly contains l-hyoscyamine,
nor-hyoscyamine, tigloidine,
valtropine, tiglyoxytropine
 Chemical test
 Sample + gold chloride
+ HCl ----- lemon yellow ppt
 +ve vitali morin test
USES
 Main source of atropine and scopolamine
 Parasympatholytic
 CNS, Medullary and higher nerve centre stimulant
 Atropine – antidote for pilocarpine, physostigmine and
other choline esters
It relieves bronchial spasms in asthma, suppresses the
gastric secretions, used in peptic ulcer, dilatory effects on
pupil on eye, reduces tremor and rigidity in parkinsonism.

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