Boko Haram
Sheila Alvarez, Metztli Salcedo and Benjamin Kvamme
-Mediterranean 1A
Who is Boko Haram?
- Boko Haram is an Islamic Terrorist group
opposed to the moving influence of the West in
Africa.
- Boko Haram translates to “Western Education is
Forbidden”
- Rise of Christianity = increasing terrorism
(muslim vs. christianity conflicting religions) due
to the difference in beliefs
- BH has built Islamic schools for Muslims who do
not wish to send children to Western influenced
schools.
Founder of Boko Haram
-Mohammed Yusuf born January
29, 1970
-Yusuf withdraws from education
-Yusuf joins the Shabaab
(Sha-baab)
-Yusuf ascends leadership
-Yusuf changes doctrines of the
Shabaab
-Sect name changed to Boko
Haram in 2002.
-Yusuf gained many followers
Boko Haram Goals and beliefs
-Well known for its opposition to
Western Education and ideas
-Establish an Islamic State
-Boko Haram aspire to create
Theocratic Government in
Nigeria
-Rumored Nigerian government
and Christian cooperation
against Nigerian muslims.
-Creation of an isolated
education system to unite
Muslims.
-Obligation to convert the
infidels (non-muslims)
Conflict Within Boko Haram
● Once Mohammed Yusuf died in 2009 the group of Boko Haram split into two.
~ Abu Musab Al
Barnawi ~Abubakar Shekau
(Yusuf's son)
Abu Musab Al Barnawi and His
Goals
● The IS or islamic ● His main focus is
state has to overthrow the
recognized him as government and he
new leader and renounced
was renamed to violence against
Islamic State West Muslims.
Africa (ISWA).
● He split the Boko ● Became leader new
Haram around 2016. sanction.
Abubakar Shekau and His Goals
● He is the leader of the old half of the group
● 2015 He pledged allegiance to IS or at that
time Abubakar al-Baghdadi’s Islamic State,
but IS withdrew the recognition of Shekau
● He denounced Barnawi as an apostate (a person
abandoning a religious or political belief or principle)
and continues to attack Muslims.
● He also uses children suicide bombers to get
at the Muslims
STATISTICS
CASUALTIES: BOKO HARAM MILITIA:
- 300 + estimated school girls ● Numbers for the Boko Haram Militia
kidnapped are unknown, but BH gains and
- 10,000 boys abducted captures soldiers everyday
Men and Boys make up most of the
- 2.4 million displaced peoples ●
army
- 7 million at risk of starvation ● Women and children are most often
trained as suicide bombers
Who is affected Mentally and Physical
MENTAL AFTERMATH PHYSICAL AFTERMATH
- Isolated, insulted, kicked out of communities
- Rape + mutilation
- Children of victims with BH hated against
- Starvation
- Bitter and traumatized
- Poverty
- Left wanting to return to Boko Haram
- Speculation of contaminated food
- Creation of something worse
Chibok Kidnapping (#bringbackourgirls)
- Village of Chibok: 217 girls kidnapped
- Taken to Sambisa Forest and married off
- Raped and physically abused
- #BringBackOurGirlsNOW
- 177 girls have been released, other speculated dead
- Village of Dapchi Feb 19, 2018: 110 kidnapped
The Forgotten Boys of Boko Haram
- 10,000 boys ( The Stolen Generation)
- Boys 5+ stolen, family killed, villages burned
- Forced to rape, kill, steal, become Muslim
- Suicide bombers
- Defection = hatred by BH and Government
- Men and boys are not given any support by
the government to continue so they are
often left bitter and traumatized
Who has intervened and helped against boko
haram?
● Boko Haram Victims Relief (BHVR) who
are partners with the red cross provide
countless amounts of aid, such as with food,
medical care, and shelter.
● Since 2015 the Multinational Joint Task
Force; an organization that is made up of the
countries Cameroon, Chad, Niger, Nigeria,
and Benin, have supplies soldiers to help
take down Boko Haram, providing more
than $195 million in humanitarian
assistance. The US also helps by supporting
them and what they do.
“Boko Haram kills nine
in Nigeria”
12:06 AM, May 09, 2019 there was the report that boko
Haram attacked twice.
● The attackers were, the jihadist
gunmen, who are loyal to Boko Haram
chief Abubakar Shekau
● Invaded village of Molai during sunset
on Tuesday
● Shot and killed six people, burnt
around 40 homes and looted goods
● Near the town of Konduga, slit throats
of three farmers
Outlook for the future
-Grim future for Nigeria Boko Haram
-Reclaimed territory from Boko Haram Troops
above
-Forces fighting Boko Haram
experiencing problems:
-Troops not properly resourced or
equipped to counter the uprising.
-Abuses by Nigerian forces against
civilians
-In 2016, the US sells equipment to
Nigerian troops
Nigeria in support of their efforts
below
against BH.
-Claimed defeat over Boko Haram
-NO foreseeable resolution to this
conflict.
WHAT YOU CAN DO TO HELP
UNICEF: Boko Haram Conflict Aid
- Donate (UNICEF, Save the Children Africa, Gleaning for the https://www.unicefusa.org/mission/emergencies/con
flict/boko-haram-crisis
World)
- “UNICEF has received only 13% of the funding it needs to aid Gleaning for the World
children affected by Boko Haram https://gftw.org/boko-haram/
- Bake Sale, yard sale, save spare change then donate to organization Save the Children Africa
- Write a letter to government (CA Senators: Dianne Feinstein and Kamala https://www.savethechildren.org/us/what-we-do/whe
re-we-work/africa
Harris)
Works Cited
Blanchard , Lauren Ploch. Boko Haram and the Islamic State’s West Africa Province. 2018, fas.org/sgp/crs/row/IF10173.pdf.
Campbell, john. “Suspected Leadership Changes to IS-Backed Boko Haram Faction Continue.” Council on Foreign Relations, Council on Foreign Relations, 2019,
www.cfr.org/blog/suspected-leadership-changes-backed-boko-haram-faction-continue.
David. “Boko Haram Victims Relief.” Boko Haram Victims Relief, www.bokoharamvictimsrelief.org/.
Campbell, John, and Asch Harwood. “Boko Haram's Deadly Impact.” Council on Foreign Relations, Council on Foreign Relations, 20 Aug. 2018,
www.cfr.org/article/boko-harams-deadly-impact.
Gaffey, Conor. “Three Years on, Here's What We Know about the Missing Chibok Girls.” Newsweek, 19 Apr. 2017, www.newsweek.com/chibok-girls-boko-haram-583584.
Hinshaw, Drew, and Joe Parkinson. “The 10,000 Kidnapped Boys of Boko Haram.” The Wall Street Journal, Dow Jones & Company, 12 Aug. 2016,
www.wsj.com/articles/the-kidnapped-boys-of-boko-haram-1471013062.
Leithead, Alastair. “Boko Haram Abductions: Freed 'Bride' Tells of Stigma Ordeal.” BBC News, BBC, 14 Apr. 2016, www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-36041860.
Moaveni, Azadeh. “What Would Make a Woman Go Back to Boko Haram? Despair | Azadeh Moaveni.” The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 14 Jan. 2019,
www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/jan/14/woman-boko-haram-nigeria-militant-group.
“Missing Men and Boys, Nigeria's Unfolding Tragedy.” Missing Men and Boys, Nigeria's Unfolding Tragedy | Oxfam International,
www.oxfam.org/en/west-africa-crisis-nigeria/missing-men-and-boys-nigerias-unfolding-tragedy.
Nagarajan, Chitra. “Focusing on Schoolgirl Abductions Distorts the View of Life in Nigeria | Chitra Nagarajan.” The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 2 Mar. 2018,
www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/mar/02/nigeria-boko-haram-abductions-chitra-nagarajan.
Works Cited Continued...
Nwaubani, Adaobi Tricia. “The Women Rescued from Boko Haram Who Are Returning to Their Captors.” The New Yorker, The New Yorker, 16 Jan. 2019,
www.newyorker.com/news/dispatch/the-women-rescued-from-boko-haram-who-are-returning-to-their-captors.
“Nigeria: A Non-International Armed Conflict Involving Boko Haram and Troops from Benin, Cameroon, Ch.” Rulac,
www.rulac.org/news/nigeria-a-non-international-armed-conflict-involving-boko-haram-and-troops.
Klett, Leah Marieann. “10,000 Boko Haram Child Soldiers as Young as 5 'Forced to Watch Beheadings, Beaten and Starved'.” Breaking Christian News: World, Business,
and More | The Gospel Herald, The Gospel Herald, 19 Aug. 2016,
www.gospelherald.com/articles/66061/20160819/10-000-boko-haram-child-soldiers-as-young-as-5-forced-to-watch-beheadings-beaten-and-starved.htm.
Searcey, Dionne, and Adam Ferguson. “Kidnapped as Schoolgirls by Boko Haram: Here They Are Now.” The New York Times, The New York Times, 11 Apr. 2018,
www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/04/11/world/africa/nigeria-boko-haram-girls.html.
Salaam, Abeeb Olufemi. “The Psychological Make-up of Mohammed Yusuf.” E-International Relations, 3 Nov. 2013,
www.e-ir.info/2013/11/04/the-psychological-make-up-of-mohammed-yusuf/.
Afp. “Boko Haram Kills Nine in Nigeria.” The Daily Star, 8 May 2019, www.thedailystar.net/backpage/news/boko-haram-kills-nine-nigeria-1740778.
Work Cited Continue
Okakwu, Evelyn. “Nigeria: Boko Haram - Red Cross Sends Urgent Message to Nigerian Govt Over Kidnapped Health Workers.” AllAfrica.com, 14 Oct. 2018,
allafrica.com/stories/201810140089.html.
Pike, John. “Military.” Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF), www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/int/mnjtf.htm.
Wilson, Mark. “Nigeria's Boko Haram Attacks in Numbers - as Lethal as Ever.” BBC News, BBC, 25 Jan. 2018, www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-42735414.
Zenn, Jacob. “Boko Haram Faction Releases Book on History and Ideology.” Council on Foreign Relations, Council on Foreign Relations,
www.cfr.org/blog/boko-haram-faction-releases-book-history-and-ideology.
“Boko Haram Faction Releases Book on History and Ideology.” Council on Foreign Relations, Council on Foreign Relations, 28 June 2014,
www.cfr.org/blog/boko-haram-faction-releases-book-history-and-ideology.
