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Licmod3 PDF

1. The document describes an electrical circuit containing resistors R1, R2, R3 connected in series and parallel configurations. Voltages and currents throughout the circuit are analyzed. 2. When a switch S is closed, the output voltage V0 becomes positive, equal to 3V. Resistor R3 limits the current to a safe level below its power rating. 3. If another switch D2 is activated in addition to S, it causes the output to reverse polarity, with V0 becoming negative instead of positive. This protects downstream components from damage.

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Gagan Deep S.n
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
137 views63 pages

Licmod3 PDF

1. The document describes an electrical circuit containing resistors R1, R2, R3 connected in series and parallel configurations. Voltages and currents throughout the circuit are analyzed. 2. When a switch S is closed, the output voltage V0 becomes positive, equal to 3V. Resistor R3 limits the current to a safe level below its power rating. 3. If another switch D2 is activated in addition to S, it causes the output to reverse polarity, with V0 becoming negative instead of positive. This protects downstream components from damage.

Uploaded by

Gagan Deep S.n
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Pc nd**,A afre^,,i^ il* W , thfuok.
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ftun rl {q 4* il, W gan A oA*l t
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. {"1 il" afiilrh* flw h l^ H^^ tQt il" w,i't
Urll y^t wutloh , urAo^ fr* 3ux1
rt &,t^buJ-"111

)f^ fr* uullak, .tyl


fre LQt W
l,,hil,J t. L d"h-Lil A frw N ,e|ilt^Hl
a

W il*,,,^t$w*' {q W lilan\aW il"ilrlul'[


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lHMAg.t*, ,il* W )f-}, unil {y*,1 .h"
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M^l b.rtwrrh
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W"l"^l I ty\,)
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^l
W L W'W uollnt* f. t** aA
aW try*l q a^trkuz
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11 = 5r4fr
6)

\/, *t (V,, -ttl) = t (rev - w)


= *lly
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1
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= JJoka ( Ar^;--l ,rrl^,t
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flr = 6,9 k,n


-

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ltoopp dToopF

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il u)il^ W, lA or\ &L h$" A ,.,rlrrl^
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u

l* L $-iltr^il^" +'4'^1 .)n .

M,^ilol6t M* \ur^kw *rf ub,lr* 'N,'hn'rt^


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& Wti W' Jl" a,,fl,rt 4 il* W' n ^W
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n

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'
l.AA-h" nnI,r*,k, a*d fr* W' W *+W'.f
h br^'t"" ))' MII^I'
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/] rilr,,^ aAcll^twt
rilrr^ W, aAcll,tb,t ,t^ U
W ! W
ilrkt^irury frt lnCI,n-tnuo"l^1 Wfu
'R1"
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r4^t )^ U ;
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olot***l ll,, a, brcq rl -""t" dA ,"A * .t)
^ lr- ttu*'
dr^t A &)rj^q"r ^1, q,^,ff ',rff*;.g
In /. )*fl* .U^nn' efxy t4r,,tw,
7
^Pu,rUA^, 6d@
Y)
'Ardilnh, A l^";;' an r,rl4f
- dr^rny a- tilar^ W"
M*"1 rl tqknz

SM
lilrr* , C= cr = Ca . o ,or\ F
lD.k.1 R, I
I

@=uz
= l,o€ k{L (,* kn s}Ehl*/ ,^rfrt
(t-- Ra: R= lkL;-

)'rf, k"=ru= )kvt


fi
P Ao = 3 k, eI,4 : J_x lk,n
: dka t u,a_ l,nk* 4hil*n v"!r,
L h ry ,,]tr\/'!-tw
RCI55' N DET€cTo(s1-
oeLdey :-
)-Ihe z-tla u4uNint d,st-;dex civ ut, iS Ai rnptg G/Y1, of -ct,'rtp
huH^ We ivW<fiuny tn touL h&vninnq g)<DurYLeeA { tt^{- ilf Xfgrra.l.
q ?tiLd t0 bhe rwn:yvu<frn1 itL},nb,
-)lDtua U,r!- tnfuf fs o,!-nve|,,a 9you11d [Jwli,-rfu' ot'L?\)y iS
safirrrurEo8 db ifs Positiw ynntr.vntuvn, & vltwn tlqc i lt Is bdau)
W8, tt^r olp is o-b iti n
tl^t- grotrznd wtA.nlrnyrvn l<tkl,

+ this iS iltUfnrtcd bg brt. llp + llp ut6i)Q,Wnnb , utlu<tn AVw,,,tt


Lt<o.,b the O(L?uf Vdey *rot\4Lb fiurn s\,0- c^LbTurru. to fu,e-

othcrt taJJ,," Eime t1,\r- llp \forhofle br@t5$ k)a, \ ct A tu tpn


fn [.9 . I C b)

i ttf
(\---
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?

c,.) Non_\tu^lUti,ry Z<xD detedrf

r,r\-/

,u
* Vo csc,-b)

- vo csok)

tUi f*pttq 4 o.rh"r Luru4o{rnr


0urutt e- th-o- ot.&P& \lol!a-q/- b&orrt u::ru;rL ln FIrt fu)
tl,\L
t
Gtutqrr4 fyfrUeA in cL PSsi frw d,, Y<urttn uJht^ bhe fnp,rt
i;y.du\t\ LD<n Pa^ ,rry"ilye h PoSihvLt Ww Uruik Glft
be- ,J.olAibtod A^ & r\BA-JrWOrttnl *Lua dqLe<kPY'

el&e4
lnBub ^d
fl/ -L Jw,'*::'
3i' CcJ "Irwutfinl Tcrla - Lx-ol\\ry $

AiSnAt iS o.tPtf ue bo L!\-e- i,ut,:rt*ny l^f .rt o-^ in ti: , t C")t


bht- oub?& is nrXni"e lLht/^ W.Le- i lp fS o$oVe- fl^& Stcy,ynAlet*-Q
& V {ct vo-,rtlcr.,
*)$uantAz * btd. tlole{orrn itwe:uilfit his Cituih fs ary\
lrutu{"ny Zera otat\inX. A&</bI , dJ46 fu+-uor4re @ a4 otn
i AU{itu('
Pro ulern !*
0 fF s,a Lb<n- UdAinT dqfubf in F*l , t (c) u\u\ u 4\t oP-ctwf
GU th o- "t fV 8w1ptV,d<L<ru,rwrw b|,\L tYf fc^( all uo ltqf{ Aultny

4 Vh( Ljpic^-q ilf v6lfufli lu.re,( oJu'artt 4 be-lad W,.!- yxaunA leu&
a.L- Ufftt^ blr.t olp Lul-iV]J.z.t). A bro C,t,Ll.hfu btnl Xisu Vtrnr,sf,
Utw ol\ VolWlL,
sornl- Avs
=(vcc-lv) -Lvtrrtv) =
= Cts\r - |-v) - L-LsV -t- tv )

=l-sV
Al/'o = tt't v
fuf W\L +Lll ,
A v = L, o CI, o oa Cu't Pic^Yl
Jlcrr.r xah = o'"r V//Ls
Vi = Vo 2, Llq v
AV l,oo,oao
vl = J +o,u

AV = AVo f,8y
'Tr<
o, S V/,*15
-Av
= 9( &S

)rNel ddturav
"-
inf ots

ir- tvo tsc,k)


+
ut- t; o-'J?ub
L. U - Vocr. L)

Fsa,t
)TI'L ny i lp bi(/,\udtn trwo*di
crror,ttk in [i3tr) h,o^ W al-atvVtt
& posiHtre leud- ufa & v6lfu-Jz d;Vi ML Lh 43il Tt* biat voLbagz
Iwd- (trr) crur/. bc ct nu4,tlim ttttv<n)- o+ PosibVe '
tcl*J-t, ttil/lrr^
)Ane dilnldmL Slqnw H*b t{u- llP voltp"l^t AuJrtU',!'A
w!- il1 voLuo42 u<^s'h\Lt' t14!- bltu no*qz Lvt{ , TniS tiru;k.

is TPro Pllo'bd4 na,Y"rLe a- t/o tva4/- ltut-[ cLsh<ltot ,

4 'a){b ctt^u\\in1 durys Nq 'torn'o-6rna4


ruit{x{d W aL btn"gaxalaYs, vu"*r. t:nL i lP ValL'o'f ,b trn's'
kuvwdxrnt fs ay1.4a.r<ni W b1il- f tp wlW ,b A'Q-
o Wte.t. I ut ^ry
fumniytoJ,
",f,
0"dhy - co 0 ettzmY'" -

TM
+-l ?l ) 1rl,
Vrl
t".g ut I

qft
vs ,i
J 7

@ c*Ptdtov cn..rPkJ C'*ta4dinq &tqtpv


lnq

-) fl: @ stwws Cseaibor Co,ople* ua$\ry deLabr wiA^ Pl


lrlon -i rultxting Luuyy\i)ud Gnne*<A ho gfo"rnl Ufa ru;iSUor
to prtnrlida a.- Lc bias c$otrry& pd,b" b WrL af-atm4.

ckuirt . Dur to tlois is t*lA ob a \n^oll


trut,r:<-trng k,rnniYlyg
tVe ttol.rlnztva ). I-lr[S eN,\tt<-;1 Ll^sE W\!- :L i s hdd db
j* , d)'$r^ ry i*PL+ sf?'ro'l- is Pr^!'vlL
-) t^l hcn Ca.rla: u;bo\ -Cowpl./l signaA tui) 6XVe) WlL finn-irutcrtn1
inf uf A^r,tltir.pe abovc Va tVhe llp SdLL<t'*-L h +Vsr,-b + trJJ".t^
i,.Au! is le,\\ A,nn ttb Ci,c ur<vu) VhL olP loll,t b4. h -%.d

n 6kfs i-
-InL wh\Slm.,iwu- k. is A*ig "!A
(t (^o,r) = (r =j,lVbe
Trlc^oo)

-)Iht urounb I7 iS ch.DaSuY\ h bL c'Jaoub lo o Lify,r4 aem""1


l
ol
i Tnt volUa4, tt6 Ab is ,J\yyn by
irb' Jv A l
t2-'
J
2 Vg
I1
*)AlPl,giny vccr0.r&(3
KYx- fum ht.c i&
Vcc -It [p -IXL3ro

ry'ce
= IALLr+ LS)

Vcc ? Lx tQ3 8t, YTL *13


A7

SrwoJ[t>t y1,arn
+& lou:tlt WAywt4, Xct Al,"r,t,Jn bc w\rrD^
91

i,e Xc,skt C, =
'
a

)s r nbrt#_)-

Dt-rr to AiJ,bhua rrntl b. qyr1rtv\iw o- )-'1" ?l^e'Ae


dV,LW' Tnis urill dc.(xenLe Utfrl^ inr*untinry ,Lilnp! W4Pt/'1/4

bo q4crrirrr'c,' mp', nDY bL SXrnffic*! olnw


-)Tyv ilp VoLbo{z
0r Ucl,ou.l lroanA Lulld- ,- bub it iS fur;crtl/, Lgrn,"*bical ahV'-e'
o e-arYyt1 Sidt- eb \'
)vt:-ltw iS o-|Ptid aA u,w ?lP p a-6on,,.ibor-
Sqltsrlr- ^U-o,ile
C"\qle) debrho'r I ALv- t^to{rrn ah bh.t- op-anrl il.
C,o'r, du.:lda(, Cnrr,tftdtlr'oJol-o- bllY a4 Al:ourt ir1 li1 @

+ Iw- ilf ur1^L& FS u,lrrrlnYtA o4'.


At , )I_ Ut$$u, t =- I
gl
Ttr
AsSuzrnin! Lt bftLfu-,rb,

ct=9- ct =W
V A\/
lnVarch n Sc ttrn i ht Ty{*l e,tl (i)</.tiL '.-

tq 0

Rl -IVo

r.t @ J l,roulS wy\ inVr.,.tin3 SU,1n\itt


"ntgut u.rork,
)Ttv- ilr is &gftrrd ba vN- irwtrtting bwmrnnt * avn s*"*fr-
Willut cir utt,, JT,e VtnbcLK Aigr,pt fs ,ivt n h Lh,_ n;o n -
inuu.tiru3 btx,rw"nor, This envt)w$ +w b'auu.,h.,
')Tnt rtottaXt ob bto_ tw-inlufrng il, fs
vr+ = Te-Lv
Vo-
Tr: -Ltt?u. tlr* z lo ?u _
e
r I

A5 4Pt
-) uthr. Yl,a olp uotbary- vo fs ot tV&r-U, U,rt-t\ Vr* lr-l*[l b< c''
Pos ihVc vdtw
4 vol@"qz 0L u on -irwx.hnT UXmtr,.o1 ui tl
o-l-tobe p osthi ur [+ rrr,*)
tr( Vr4 L Uo Aa .t Ur,# = t Vogri) &
-mri t ?2. ?-t

4 ulJ4t:rt tr,; ) +Vt4 , .yh<rn y^t W lkogc & lnvrrlinl W*ot


bcta(\LL gtico&ut tha,n /+Ur4- ) Uon -lrwn;&*n1 W:.ru;mal (
brra o/ p uri il $uliKr^ Prom + %6a.b) kt: - vo (sc^t)
I ,e vr.# 2 vg lr -vr4 2 ag-sia
t-1-tb^ l s1?t
) rn +iq G) ,"w vottu4t d"E- fojnt *vrt 0n t+yre bLtwhr^ *
Ul"1Ll,.- llp / hittS fum *V o&D ko -V.csar) [s bil"A
t\
"-uf Put brr'?3txinf roint" C u IP)

voLt..iz ob Poln} ' 'rnF o fi t1^L r,il.,-t*l"rYn ob


? Laill
sind , a,,L
u*icn op Afigts Wrn -Vo aak) @ +Vo cs.rt) iS Cdkd
^ ya* w,qqu,;"l P"ltu UTP\,
a-
-(hu thl ofp 0+ cL huu'fifr fr|fl<t1 fs IJ'Nu4A !W^
glof. o'f Jqntt4ML @L'
\4
v'i

WT /_ ur?
0' )k o
vT? LTf

)b

c*) Lb)

Cc) Trio*nulox i tr ualq<lo r rvt Prod.uaff19


tb) gcud boLh ilr uml4orm Prod*inJ Sya:a-til-a]E '
TNrl} /o,ukp,rt choJtntk$dstics or TryAAAW

4 L"t{ ,+vf
- \fi Cvoirr;
tvoIB)

"o csql]

- Vs.
X uJlr'\ vi ^ o!
r tl,r,t oP ur,tl bt ak +Vr("rat), trJJl/,,t4 vT" UT?
JW
a[P AuliLl+uX hn n *vo&.L) to - Uo
tsa1-),

uill,r',,\ v; I tTp
I tl,ra olp u;ll br a! : vo cset) , u.t-Lu,m li'.LTt , the
alr Au(iru4ll, Fron - Vo."ar) 60 tvor.qD
+ Il,uc volb4l N\uuw, b <fuirtl,- uf p<,a q lp a q Vn'lq"xit l
poinbs ;j !@|];oilA b uL
\ st <xn tis
"t,
Uh .= 1tf
urp

schwjfi, kt ururlt fuiiq n :-

-> It4.( vtv{nb T/_ ttrt lrrry ttnto,,*Xh


Ut t+1i- rrr,l i,lkoyS e t l, I x- /_S

U;u,oSan lro be- too EimtlYgtrnao)


ir c -rL= to o a56 rnn*)
+ R, = Vrilltxiwg VolWff.
!a-,
) R rz V6 rn"l: u<fu1 vo tW
h
? f o blu(wL"l-

tuinX 0- 7ql o?-amvp urtH\ a .\wefl.,l * *-lzv , d4i3n a/v\


iru1udi ru3 - />()^/r,n)fr, dllo<in3 Gruft to lnil,L tri gl elt yoinbt

o't !rv,
?ivm l - Vcc :f[2V , VEuf=lLV , U'fP=UTP=LV

i- For ?qt o(-orrw4 AgLwLo-,L) oSoonH


So to
l
-La- = loo I bLww,r)
Ar= S-o AR

+ urt-=ur?:j!
Lt= y ?-
2 z tfOf-JL
It -r0 A
C,Lto er SC &y, 3q K s.-
+ TL= vpt
z. ,2v
et 3?
''tt q

Tr = S[, 3,tl-R

lf-l
Tx. gl ,\ tr-
Q t , tlS-:ru,

C.t"rooS C 3 r'= L\o JL


nct uxbi Ltu{ rNfi u< Po'inh Cotp L1P I
0

ut trtitlr' L-f ? z0 ,,-

t/6

Dt

A1
L

I,rr
Pt

ts0
-) [ig O Ah^o urs W c]rtp"k trrikL + \rc Ut p 4, z"]t'o LT P '

Tnis cD,^ bt arJ^;LLtd bt1 u\inl adiod-t- ir^- huuil t^dd' kI


-;.0r-rh.r.,rt
hL ap iS at *vocsqr),[h. d;od;_ 01 fs{orrrrr*rd bict&cd
+ u'l? crtitt b( qqe! tfl fue v^t1frXe d,reP a1)<s1,1 t@'\isbor
E1 '(i,t U/r4 r.,JI()
(rthr/((,
Ulf z Lf-u^ ' I = kr'_ I

l- t+ ?L.

-) urr*r^ thz ulrr*it ab tfu Na&_ 0 , is l.'ilt<)de bicLsed


-vo cscrb),

onl..1 oL W;,a i te aia,t t :ocznk tle) ln;rr4s Ahruu'1u' ?, & tl^'A


4

tuilt fa bo +Vsat,
o' l<ttt*^e
, Thr Dlo fu p L [ywLV bt Ailt JCA to lnollL rru,olLirrqrttW

rfo tkq-# 9 t{eayrL A'-,arwUl^L tlvu't* guePLg t/ol1w42


-) ft* rnn',lfuwm, Hhr "brr' Strr..bl- bc r.lur.tt\
t.t-uqxlre- tulyvyJLq
i'<
Swr,oJbtL Ararr" Une- rnirtwwr"^ P'i-lt yudtdJ,' ,t Aw- ?lp AIYaL

\li
:--o V6 ,

D1

-utr 7 ?_, e.L

rb(
l't@
) Tl.t Cj rutk ducl raN^ Atnodw h^ lfi A ud kAD oiofu:" 0,4 P-.
+ b Rlal is ko rs | ,0-, & Q- ?-s ho lrE ditl-uut^f, Lfp l, utf vol@l.t.

Cd-4L Ci.l : UJ+vrn Vo =+Vo6cf) r tLd dtodt D r f s ton^rod ul alcA 4 0e


(
is yu)) tL\L birrgA , {t* U'(? [s givtrt by

b;tciill ull4r4^' Vb =-Vabqt) ,tlw dio"b Dt i s TuMLEQ- biurA I DL

f s t'oYuraxd b"ia'leA , TL'L mP Is liYw bg


M, Yr fs vL,"!- voLwf
d-nl a$nY5 9' k PL
& oi t!<'ury,}* \td/tls 06- Lt k(LL flivutt d*l+tyu.n<b UT p 4 L.Tp volbo+a.
rlobl*LY
n i ntturh ng s ,t^,^ifr,, rlg1 u1 tirutk ls to b4il'L o 1t ) $v
e-
H
a-
AuItafuL 6vuiV rAing bipoluru I
& LTp =ov. 1uiln oL

6L I lg V sup pl.Ll.
Jo l^ l-
: J,sV , L'{ | =av , vcc-ol'? v
lNun ', V't ?

h ss tr,rwrr Vp *o,\V , Il:50o.tH


' (-v= y z yI =-e,sY zsltv
TL T2. gooA
u*nostffi t Joue , IL= !L,
=
lrf
lu 1'?F'
At= StUrn
'{. ? r= [0.. <) -vr) -vLt
'Iu
UaoS( Gr = L+KIL
L4 - 0, Iv-2,sV "z'/T,1Ltt-
t3l,l-l R'

"4,
\lo
I
=
.-vrl Lr l?r:r- L
1-

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