ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This acknowledges our sincere thanks to our Project guide Prof. V. P.

Chaudhari who helped us in selecting the project topic, understanding of the subject,
whose valuable guidance and continuous encouragement throughout this work made it
possible to complete this task well in advance.
We are extremely grateful to Prof. (Dr.) M. P. Ray, Head of Mechanical
Engineering Department, we are also wish to express a deep sense of gratitude to Dr.
V. P. Wani, Principal, MET’s Institute of Engineering for providing all facilities and
every help for smooth progress of seminar work. We are also thankful to other staff
members of our esteemed college, MET’s Institute of Engineering, Nasik for their
special attention and suggestions.

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ABSTRACT

This paper represents the design of utensils semi-automatic washer machine. In

this machine, the adjustable conveyor containing utensils tends to rotate, and passing
these utensils under four section first being scrubbing, followed by water sprinkler
with detergents for cleaning and finally dryer. The dishwasher has made cleaning and
drying dishes much easier and more efficiency. Conveyor is rotated by using motors.
This leads to make the design simple and better than the present dishwashers.
This design overcomes the drawbacks of high cost and large space required in
the previous dishwasher. Main objective of automatic dishwashing machine is to
reduce the cost of fully automatic dish washing machine and give good cleaning
performance. It requires less energy and less water consumption. Time of washing
dish can be adjusted as per customer requirement. In this system Multi Jet Technology
is used to clean utensils. Multi Jet System will be used to clean utensil from all side.
Key words: semi-automatic washer machine, Conveyor, scrubbing, detergents, Multi
Jet System

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
Washing dishes is most commonly done activity in the world, in most of families
people wash dishes by hand which is straining to muscles and detergent is chemically
harmful. As far as manual process is concerned in houses of India, washing is done by
hand scrubbing which is straining to the muscles through its energy and postural
requirements. It may also lead to clinical, anatomical disorders and back pain which
may affect the operator‘s health. Many of their household chores are performed by the
women and some can be very physically challenging and time‐consuming. So in
several ways in which we can improve their lifestyle, and one aspect that we can
improve on is the way they wash their dishes. Currently the chore of washing dishes is
performed by the women, and can be very labor intensive as it is done for up to several
hours each week. The same can be experienced in marriage ceremony with caterers. In
today‘s world of Automation Era it is barely possible to find any field that
implemented atomization which reduces Human effort, improves Production rate and
also increases Efficiency. Then it could be the biggest manufacturing industry,
Pharmaceutical industry, Hospitality field and even Household or Kitchen automation.
But still our country is not getting enough benefits from automation and the reason
behind this limitation is less Knowledge about automatic products, High device cost,
and kind of nascence feeling about atomized devices. However this fear is not seen in
the product which does not involves much Sensors, Complex Electronic Circuits, and
simple easy User Friendly devices. The very familiar example of Automatic
dishwasher. This automatic dishwasher is used on mass scale in foreign countries,
however the same is rarely seen in our country. As we all know that plate washing is a
daily activity across the globe which involves a lot of energy to accomplish manually
or mechanically. Keeping this point in mind we need to design and fabricate a dish
washing machine i.e. efficient and easy to operate. Also it is needed to reduce the cost
and energy consumptions, so that this dish washing machine can easily affordable to
people. Using various engineering design perspectives dishwasher can be considered

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as complex system containing electro technical, electro chemical and mechanical
linkages. Whose combination makes dishwasher more useful and easy to use.
Following are components in ADM

1. Cyclic timer
2. Proximity sensor.
3. VFD
4. Motor, Pump.
5. Sensor.
6. Hot dryer.
7. Solenoid valve.
8. ONE relay
9. Conveyor.

Conveyor
A conveyor system is a common piece of mechanical handling equipment that
moves materials from one location to another. Conveyor systems allow quick and
efficient transportation for a wide variety of materials, which make them very
popular in the material handling and packaging industries.
Basic Types of Conveyors:-

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 Fig 1.1 Flat Belt Conveyor

Fig 1.2 Slat Conveyor

Fig 1.3 Chain Conveyor

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1.2 Problem Statement

The problem of more effort and time required for washing dish in large
quantities is being reduced by using automatic dish washer. It uses a mechanism
for automatic washing of plates using electric or solar power for effective
washing.

1.3 Objective

The objectives of the project can be stated as follows:

1. Dish washing machine to wash dish/plates without much human effort within
less time which uses electric or solar power to work.
2. To reduced labour cost
3. To study Performance of the dishwashing parameters using manual
dishwashing, semiautomatic, automatic dishwashing machine data.
4. To determine whether or not automatic methods of dishwashing in the home
saved time on the part of the homemaker over hand washing methods and, if
so, to what extent
5. To determine changes in practices and learning habits experienced by women
in the use of the dishwasher which might be used in demonstrations or in
providing better instruction books accompanying the appliance.
6. To ascertain cleanliness from standpoint of bacterial count in hand as
compared to machine washed dishes.
7. To ascertain major problems involved in the installation and use of the
automatic dishwasher.

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1.4 Need of System

As we all know that plate washing is a daily activity across the globe which
involves a lot of energy to accomplish manually or mechanically. Keeping this point in
mind we need to design and fabricate a dish washing machine i.e. efficient and easy to
operate. Also it is needed to reduce the cost and energy consumptions, so that this dish
washing machine can easily affordable to common people. In India dishwashing was
traditionally done by house maids but in modern India, getting housemaids is
becoming more and more difficult as the days go by. So to answer the question 'how
good is a dishwasher in India?' or 'how effective is dishwasher in India?', we have to
say a dishwasher has now become a necessity rather than a luxury for the vast majority
of professionals in India. A dishwasher for Indian cooking is very helpful because of
the large number of cooking pots and pans used in our Indian type of cooking and also
the many dishes used for eating the many varieties of curries and chutneys.
Dishwashers have been very successful in India with sales of dishwashers in India
growing exponentially over the last several years.

1.5 Scope
This machine is very useful to the household women which is wash the dishes
by the manually and its dish washing rate is more as compared to the manually
washing the dishes. The cost of this machine is very less as compared to the market
machine. It also can be used as a commercial machine such as weeding ceremony. It
also used in hotels. This project is very useful in the smart city project. This project
can be further also modified as a mechatronics machine. This will make this machine
fully automatic and more user friendly. The designed dishwashing machines are very
efficient and easy to operate. In order for this comparison to be competent, the result
must be statistically significant. With regards to semi-automatic dish washing
machine, it is found that mostly the studies are carried out on the time, energy
consumption and requirements of efforts.

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 1.6 Methodology

START

Searching of research papers

on our topic and confirming
feasibility

Analysis in market according to

various types of dishwasher
according to our requirement,
Selection of required parameter of
conveyor
1) Type of conveyor
2) Sprocket
3) Material

Selection of electronics parts

1. Wiper dc electric motor.
2. Dc pump.
3. Dryer.
4. SMPS
5. Dc motor

Selection of mechanical parts

1. Chain sprocket.
2. Shafts.
3. Chain.
4. Pedestal Bearing.

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 Design of conveyor
1. Load on conveyor.
2. Number of stations.
3. Time required for one
cycle.
4. Number of plates washed
in one cycle.

Fabrication of:-
1. Frame
2. Bearings and shafts
3. Chain
4. Jigs
5. Mounting of dc motor
6. Mounting of brushes
7. Mounting of nozzle
8. Mounting of pump
8. Mounting of dryer
9. Mounting of tray
10. Mounting of reservoir

Electrical connections (AC

and DC)

Testing and trail

YES Problem in dryer

NO

Dryer change

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 Repeat trail

Trial successful

END

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1.7 Advantages

 Very useful in reducing human effort

 More no of dishes can be washed in very short time
 Better utilization of water
 Saves time

1.8 Applications
 It can used in hotels where there is requirement of more no. of dishes.
 It can used in Restaurants.
 It can used in marriage ceremonies.
 Nowadays in schools also there is system of mid-day meals. Due to
improper cleaning of dishes different health issues occur. So for this we
can use this system.

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CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science Volume 3[1]

“DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF SEMI-AUTOMATIC DISHWASHER”. This

paper presents the problems faced in usage of Automatic Dishwasher and solutions on
those problems. Automatic dishwasher uses large amount of energy, time and is costly.

Workje Abrahamse[2] “Review of intervention studies aimed at household energy

conservation ”.This paper presents how to reduce human efforts and save water.

ISSN: 2348 – 8360[3] www.internationaljournalssrg.org Page 6 Design and

Fabrication of Automatic Dishwasher SSRG International Journal of Mechanical
Engineering (SSRG - IJME) – Volume 4 .This paper represents the new and simple
design of semi-automatic mechanical dishwasher. This design over comes the high
cost and large space required to previous dishwasher

J.HOUGHTON[4]- “Table furniture dish cleaning machine” (1850). This paper

discuss on invention of semi-automatic dish washing machine. This paper tells about
brief idea of semi-automatic dish washing machine construction and their design. He
constructed a cylindrical vessel which is of metal or wood. One side of cylinder say
one forth, is left open from near the top to bottom. Inside the cylinder there is a
vertical shaft, resting on the center in a socket on the bottom, and which passes up
through and above the top or cover of the cylinder. Through the top of this shaft there
is hole, through which pin passed, by means of it he gave it a rotary motion.
Connected to this shaft is a cylindrical rack or crib, which is supported by shaft. The
diameter of crib is so much less than that of cylinder as it allows revolving freely
within it.

Odesola & Afolabi [5]- “Design, Fabrication and Performance Evaluation of a

Domestic Dish Washing Machine” (2012).This paper discusses about the design,
fabrication and performance evaluation of a domestic dish washing machine. The
objective of this work is to design and fabricate a dish washing machine that is
efficient and easy to operate. Stainless steel and mild steel was used for the
construction of the machine considering their availability, cost reduction and corrosion
resistance.

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Research Gap:-
From past 20 years automation in every field is increasing rapidly. Human
always tries to reduce his mechanical efforts with the help of mechanical linkages of
robots. In that automation home appliances and household working machines are
getting special demand. In our country this automation has is growing rapidly. In
earlier years the many home appliances has invented and were globally accepted such
as dishwasher. The working speed and quality working of dishwasher made it an
essential and useful appliance for hotels and restaurants.
Hence, we have decided to design a dishwasher which must be helpful for
cleaning more plates in less time. We also reduced the cost and used jigs can be easily
changed according to the size of utensils.

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CHAPTER THREE
DESIGN AND SYSTEM MODELING
Design consists of application of scientific principles, technical information and
imagination for development of new or improvised machine or mechanism to perform
a specific function with maximum economy and efficiency. Hence a careful design
approach has to be adopted. The total design work, has been split up into two parts

a. Mechanical Design
b. System design

System design mainly concerns the various physical constraints and ergonomics,
space requirements, arrangement of various components on main frame at system, man
+ machine interactions, No. of controls, position of controls, working environment of
machine, chances of failure, safety measures to be provided, servicing aids, ease of
maintenance, scope of improvement, height of machine from ground level, total
weight of machine and a lot more.

In mechanical design the components are listed down and stored on the basis of
their procurement.

3.1 Mechanical Design

In mechanical design the components are listed down and stored on the basis of
their procurement in two categories

i. Design parts
ii. Parts to be Purchased

For design parts a detailed design is done and designation thus obtain are
compared to the next highest dimension which is ready available in market. This
simplification the assembly as well as post production service work. The various
tolerances on the work are specified. The processes charts are prepared and passed on
to the work are specified. The parts to be purchased directly are selected from various
catalogues and specification so that anybody can purchase the same from the retail
shop with the given specifications.

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3.2 System Design

In system design we have mainly concentrated on the following parameters:

3.2.1 System Selection Based on Physical Constraints

The mechanism is to be very compact so less space is required. The

mechanical design has direct norms with the system design. Hence the foremost job is
to control the physical parameters, so that the distinctions obtained after mechanical
design can be well fitted into that.

3.2.2 Arrangement of Various Components

Keeping into view the space restrictions the components should be laid such
that their easy removal or servicing is possible. More over every component should be
easily seen, none should be hidden. Every possible space is utilized in component
arrangements.

3.2.3 Components of System

All the moving parts should be well closed and compact. A compact system
design gives a high weighted structure which is desired.

3.2.4 Man Machine Interaction

The friendliness of a machine with the operator that is operating is an

important criteria of design. It is the application of anatomical and psychological
principles to solve problems arising from Man – Machine relationship. Following are
some of the topics included in this section.

3.2.5 Chances of Failure

The losses in case of any failure are important criteria of design. Factor of
safety is kept high, while doing mechanical design so there are less chances of failure.
Moreover periodic maintenance is required to keep unit healthy.

3.2.6 Servicing Facility

The layout of components should be such that easy servicing is possible.

Especially those components which require frequents servicing can be easily
disassembled.

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3.2.7 Height of Mechanism from Ground

For ease and comfort of operator the height of machine should be properly
decided so that rider may not get tired during driving the vehicle. The mechanism
should be slightly higher than the ground level, also enough clearance should be
provided from the ground for driving the vehicle with comfort.

3.2.8 Weight of Machine

The total weight depends upon the selection of material components as well as
dimension of components. So proper material should be selected for chassis to carry
the weight machine.

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3.3 Experimental Set Up

Fig 3.1 Experimental Set Up

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3.4 CONVEYOR DESIGN
Conveyor is important part of semi-automatic dish washer. During its design
following parameters are considered:-

1. Selection of Conveyor: - Chain Conveyor

 Material:- Stainless Steel

 Conveyor material properties:- 1.Non rusting
2. Reliable
3. Ductile
4. Good formability
5. Easy to clean
 Total Stations on conveyor :- 5
 Landing stations :- 1
 Working stations:- 4
 Overall weight :- 20 kg
 Details of conveyor:-
 Distance from first to second station=244mm
 Distance from second to third station=390mm
 Distance from third to fourth station=320mm
 Plate diameter=30.78cm=3048mm
 Overall length of conveyor=2540mm

Fig 3.2 Layout of Conveyor With Plates

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2. Selection Of Sprocket :-

 Total load on conveyor = 1.5kg

 Shaft diameter = 20 mm
 Shaft length = 440 mm
 At the conveyor roller, sprocket :-

Fig 3.3 Sprocket

Calculations:-

1] 2*∏*r = 150

r = 48 mm

2] ɸ =2r =96

3] Sprocket diameter= 3.78 inch

4] no. of teeth= 19

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 5] Torque= F*r = 14.7 N * 48 mm=14320 N-mm=14.32 N-m

3. Motor Selection:-

 Wiper dc motor reversible

 Power= 45 w
 Torque = 14.32 N-m

 N = 60*P = 60*45 = 30 RPM

2*∏*T 2*∏*14.32

N = 30 RPM

WIPER MOTOR

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4. Selection Of Bearing:-

 Type =Padstal bearing C204

 Material = Iron steel
 Lubrication = 80 - 90% grease
 Lubrication type= solid film lubrication (which contain 85% mineral oil or
synthetic oil and 15% of additives)

5. Design of frame :-

 Height = 785mm =2.5 ft

 Length = 1515 mm = 5 ft
 Width = 360 mm = 1.2 ft

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MET’S IOE Nashik, B.E. (Mechanical)
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6. Selection of motor for brushes:-
 Type of motor = dc motor
 Speed = 100 RPM
 Brush = cylindrical brush
 Height of brush = 200 mm

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7. Selection of pump for water supply:-
 Power = 12 v (3 amp)
 Discharge = 4 lit / min
 Quantity of pumps = 2

8. Selection of nozzle:-
 Type:- circular nozzle
 No. Of nozzle = 12

9. Selection of reservoir:-
 Type :- Bucket

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  No. of reservoir:- 2
 Capacity of each reservoir :- 15 liters

10. Tray of waste water:-

 Type = rectangular tray
 Material = Plastic
 Height = 90 mm
 Length = 480 mm
 Width = 340 mm

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11. Time required for operation:-
 Time required at 1 station for 1 plate = 5 sec
 Time for moving plate from one station to another=3 sec
 Total time required for 1 plate = 13 sec
 Total time required for 10 plates at 10 stations= 13*10=130sec

4. Time required for 1 Cycle:-

 Time required for 1 Cycle = 2 min 10 sec
 Plates cleaned in 1 cycle = 10
 Cycles completed in 1 hour= 60min/2.10min
=28.57
=29 cycles
 Plates cleaned in 1 hour = 29*10 plates
=290 Plates

6. Jigs Selection:-

 Properties of jigs material:- 1.Non rusting

2. Reliable
3. Ductile
4. Good formability
5. Easy to clean
 Jigs Material:- Steel

7. Dish:-

 Dish material:- steel

 Dish diameter:- 12 inches =30.48 cm
 Weight :-450 gm
 No. of dishes on conveyor :10
 Total weight of dishes =10*450=4500gm

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SUMMARY
 This dishwasher can be used to clean any shape and any size utensils changing
rack and scrubber.
 This dishwasher is easy to manufacture as well as easy to use.
 Dish washing machine to wash dish/plates without much human effort within
less time which uses electric or solar power to work.
 The designed dishwashing machines are very efficient and easy to operate.
The literature on degree of cleanliness of dishes is scant and very few studies
have been done on it. The above studies are simulation studies. Regarding
time, energy consumption and requirements of efforts studies have been
carried out by many researchers mostly analytically and experimentally. Thus
our research is mainly focused on degree of cleanliness of dishes reduced
working time and overall machine cost.

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5. FUTURE SCOPE
The cost of this machine is very less as compared to the market machine. It
also can be used as a commercial machine such as weeding ceremony. It also used in
hotels. This project is very useful in the smart city project. This project can be further
also modified as a mechatronics machine. This will make this machine fully automatic
and more user friendly. The designed dishwashing machines are very efficient and
easy to operate. In order for this comparison to be competent, the result must be
statistically significant. With regards to semi-automatic dish washing machine, it is
found that mostly the studies are carried out on the time, energy consumption and
requirements of efforts. Also these machine in future work on solar energy.

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MET’S IOE Nashik, B.E. (Mechanical)
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