Proposed IWRM Planning Guidelines for
the Philippines
Acknowledgement: Main contributors: Deltares (Eelco van Beek, T. Albert Nauta,
Laura Basco) in consultation with local project partners (DPWH, NHRC-UP,
DENR, NIA, NEDA)
Presentation to the training participants by
Dr. Ilyas Masih, Senior Lecturer in Water Resources Planning, UNESCO-IHE, Delft
Training of Trainersthe Netherlands
under (i.masih@unesco-ihe.org
the project )
“Philippines: Establishing Integrated
Water Resources Management and Planning Tools and Guidance; and
Capacity Building.”
Executing agencies: Deltares, UNESCO-IHE, Philippines Water Partnership
Main project partners: DPWH, NHRC-UP, DENR, NIA, NEDA
Funding: The World Bank
Contents
• IWRM basics – achieving Water Security
• IWRM Planning Guidelines for the Philippines -
overview
• IWRM planning guidelines – the 5 Steps
Integrated Water Resources Management
IWRM is a process which promotes the co-ordinated development and
management of water, land and related resources, in order to maximize
the resultant economic and social welfare in an equitable manner without
compromising the sustainability of vital ecosystems.
GWP, 2000
4 PRINCIPLES OF IWRM (Dublin Principles)
Principle 1: Fresh water is a finite and vulnerable resource, essential to sustain life,
development and the environment.
Principle 2: Water development and management should be based on a participatory
approach, involving users, planners and policy makers at all levels.
Principle 3: Women play a central part in the provision, management and safeguarding of
water.
Principle 4: Water has an economic value in all its competing uses and should be recognized
as an economic good as well as a social good.
IWRM basics – achieving Water Security
The ultimate goal of IWRM is to achieve
‘ ’
Water security is the capacity of a population to safeguard sustainable access to
adequate quantities of acceptable quality water for sustaining livelihoods, human
wellbeing, and socio-economic development, for ensuring protection against
water-borne pollution and water-related disasters, and for preserving
ecosystems in a climate of peace and political stability.
UN Water, 2003
Water Security ADB – 5 key dimensions
1. Satisfy household water and
sanitation needs in all
communities
2. Support productive economies
in agriculture and industry
3. Develop vibrant, livable cities
and towns
4. Restore healthy rivers and
ecosystems
5. Build resilient communities
that can adapt to change.
IWRM basics – achieving Water Security
IWRM planning is a cyclic process in which a set of logical sequence phases are
driven and supported by a continuous management support and stakeholder
involvement events.
The IWRM plan will serve
as a roadmap for longer
term steps required to
continue along a path to:
• Sustainable
environment
• Social equity
• Economic growth
IWRM basics – Achieving Water Security
To enable the implementation of IWRM and to achieve water security three
basic conditions need to be met. These conditions (3 pillars of IWRM) are:
(i) have an enabling environment,
(ii) an institutional framework should be in place,
(iii) management instruments should be available.
Investments
for
infrastructu
re is fourth
important
condition
Present national guidelines for RBM planning
• Water Code 1976
• and associated Implementation Rules
and Regulations 1979
• presently in discussion
• National IWRM Plan Framework 2007
• describes Planning Process
• specifies 4 Sustainable Outcomes
• supported by strategic themes
• National Integrated River Basin
Management and Development
Framework Plan 2006
• incl. RBC at basin level
Why new guidelines
• Our assessment of present planning studies
showed:
• enabling conditions are insufficiently developed
• laws, institutions, support, etc.
• a clear analysis framework is missing
• The new guideline will (partly) address this:
• it will provide a clear analysis framework
• the steps to be followed in a IWRM planning
analysis)
• the computational support (models, data)
IWRM Planning Guidelines - proposal
The IWRM planning guidelines consist of 5 main steps in which the analysis
should be carried out:
I. Inception – sets the boundary conditions for the analysis
II. Situation Analysis – describes the present and future WR problems
III. Strategy building – develops alternative strategies for decision making
IV. Action planning – prepares investments
V. Implementation – actual implementation of measures, monitoring and
guidance.
Steps IV and V are closely linked !
IWRM planning guidelines
Participatory and informed planning and decision making
process
Involving stakeholders in the identified steps will include 4 (idealized)
phases:
Common knowledge – the phase in which the stakeholders generate a
common level of knowledge about the subject
Divergence – the phase in which the various views of the stakeholders
are expressed
Convergence – the phase in which by means of analysis and discussion
a common view is developed on how to proceed
Decision making – formalization of that common view at decision
making level
IWRM planning guidelines
Participatory and informed planning and decision making
process
Progress of IWRM as a process…
IWRM
V
II
Implementation Situation analysis
III Strategy building
November 2014
IV
Inception I IWRM planning
Action planning
cycle
IWRM
Planning
Guidelines
Step I - Inception
Sub-step 1: Creating enabling conditions and
defining analysis conditions
Enabling Environment at national level
o national water legislation and national policies that
guide the planning process and enables enforcement
Institutional Framework
o existence of water institutions at national and
regional level with qualified staff
o at river basin level some kind of river basin
organization (RBO) should be in place
Management instruments
o the availability of data, information and tools that
See Annex-B of the
enables informed decision making guidance document
Step I - Inception
Sub-step 1: Creating enabling conditions and
defining analysis conditions
Setting-up of
the stakeholder
involvement
process
See Annex-A of the
guidance document
Step I - Inception
Sub-step 1: Creating enabling conditions and
defining analysis conditions
Define the analysis conditions for the planning study:
The base year for the study
o the most recent year for which basic data on the
present situation is available
The time horizon(s) for the study
o which may include short term (e.g. 5 years), medium
(e.g. 20 years) and long-term (>25 years)
The discount rate to be applied in the economic analysis
o as specified by (e.g.) the Ministry of Finance
System boundaries - the components and the level of
detail that will be included, e.g.
o will the Coastal Zone be included?
o results to be presented at Barangay level?
Step I - Inception
Sub-step 2: Objectives and criteria
Step I - Inception
Sub-step 3: Work plan and decision making
Based on above a work plan should be made for the
remainder of the study, specifying the activities that will be
carried out and the process that will be followed to interact
with the decision makers and stakeholders.
IWRM
Planning
Guidelines
Step II – Situation analysis
Sub-step 1: Describing the Water Resources
System
Step II – Situation analysis
Sub-step 2: The need for a structured quantified
analysis process
Base case
The performance of the WRS in studied for the Base year: present situation
Time horizon: future situation for which
infrastructure and water demands in the base the decision makers want to be
case. prepared
• Scenario analysis Base case: performance of the WRS in
the present situation
A good IRBMP should focus on the future horizon
Reference case: performance of the
based on the water related problems in the future WRS in future if no additional
horizon identified previously measures are taken
• Reference case -------------------------------------
Measure: intervention within the WRS
The reference case addresses the future situation Strategy: logical combination of
by considering the present infrastructure, when no measures
new measures are taken, together with selected Scenario: developments outside the
control of the WRS managers that
scenario conditions.
might have important impacts on the
WRS (demand, supply, etc.)
Step II – Situation analysis
Sub-step 2: The need for a structured quantified
analysis process
Problem description
Base year: present situation
Time horizon: future situation for which
A problem analysis should be expressed as far as the decision makers want to be
possible in terms of the socio-economic and prepared
environmental impacts that have meaning to the Base case: performance of the WRS in
the present situation
decision makers and stakeholders.
Reference case: performance of the
WRS in future if no additional
Integrated approach: Alignment with other plans measures are taken
Watershed Plans -------------------------------------
Measure: intervention within the WRS
Flood Risk Management Strategy: logical combination of
Integrated Coastal Zone Management\ measures
etc. Scenario: developments outside the
control of the WRS managers that
might have important impacts on the
WRS (demand, supply, etc.)
Step II – Situation analysis
Sub-step 2: The need for a structured quantified
analysis process
Inventory of potential measures and selection
of promising measures
Step II – Situation analysis
Sub-step 3: A supporting computational
framework (models and databases)
Typical elements of a computational framework are:
determination of water demand (drinking water,
agriculture, etc.)
determination of supply (rainfall, surface water,
groundwater)
water balance and allocation models, balancing
supply and demand
impact and (economic) evaluation models
Step II – Situation analysis
Sub-step 3: A supporting computational
framework (models and databases)
Step II – Situation analysis
Sub-step 3: Decision making
Step II should result in a good understanding of the
decision makers and stakeholders of the WRS system, the
present and future problems and which measures seems to
be promising enough for the analysis during the next step.
IWRM
Planning
Guidelines
Step III – Strategy building
Sub-step 1: Strategy building process
An IRBMP can only be
considered as a good
and implementable plan
if the proposed
measures have been
evaluated in terms of
how much these
measures will improve
the present and future
situation after these
measures have been
implemented.
How does this look like in a specific case?
Step 1 – Specify your objectives (in terms of water security: Key dimensions)
Key Dimenstions and Indicators
Case Water Security Index
KD1: Water and Sanitation
KD2: Food production
KD3: Industry and Energy
KD4: Environment
KD5: Vulnerability
Implementation information
Step 2: Decide on the criteria
Key Dimenstions and Indicators
unit
Case Water Security Index
KD1: Water and Sanitation
% people access to safe drinking water %
% people access to sanitation facilities %
KD2: Food production
Irrigation area 1000 ha
# animal water points #
KD3: Industry and Energy
Water supplied to mining %
Water supplied to industry %
Hydropower generated MWh
KD4: Environment
Protected watershed area km2
Number of springs/sources protected #
Average class water quality rivers I-V
KD5: Vulnerability
Vulnerability to floods - average damage m€/yr
Vulnerability to droughts - average damage m€/yr
Implementation information
Required investments m€
B/C ratio economic categories (KD2, KD3) -
Step 3: Adding the cases
Alternative investment strategies
Key Dimenstions and Indicators Base Targets Strategy 1 Strategy 2 Strategy 3
unit 2010 2020 2030 Perfect 2020 2030 2020 2030 2020 2030
Case Water Security Index
KD1: Water and Sanitation
% people access to safe drinking water %
% people access to sanitation facilities %
KD2: Food production
Irrigation area 1000 ha
# animal water points #
KD3: Industry and Energy
Water supplied to mining %
Water supplied to industry %
Hydropower generated MWh
KD4: Environment
Protected watershed area km2
Number of springs/sources protected #
Average class water quality rivers I-V
KD5: Vulnerability
Vulnerability to floods - average damage m€/yr
Vulnerability to droughts - average damage m€/yr
Implementation information
Required investments m€
B/C ratio economic categories (KD2, KD3) -
Step 4: Present situation
Alternative investment strategies
Key Dimenstions and Indicators Base Targets Strategy 1 Strategy 2 Strategy 3
unit 2010 2020 2030 Perfect 2020 2030 2020 2030 2020 2030
Case Water Security Index
KD1: Water and Sanitation
% people access to safe drinking water % 50%
% people access to sanitation facilities % 30%
KD2: Food production
Irrigation area 1000 ha 24
# animal water points # 300
KD3: Industry and Energy
Water supplied to mining % 30%
Water supplied to industry % 70%
Hydropower generated MWh 34
KD4: Environment
Protected watershed area km2 1200
Number of springs/sources protected # 300
Average class water quality rivers I-V II
KD5: Vulnerability
Vulnerability to floods - average damage m€/yr 120
Vulnerability to droughts - average damage m€/yr 200
Implementation information
Required investments m€
B/C ratio economic categories (KD2, KD3) -
Step 5: Setting the targets
Alternative investment strategies
Key Dimenstions and Indicators Base Targets Strategy 1 Strategy 2 Strategy 3
unit 2010 2020 2030 Perfect 2020 2030 2020 2030 2020 2030
Case Water Security Index
KD1: Water and Sanitation
% people access to safe drinking water % 50% 63% 73% 100%
% people access to sanitation facilities % 30% 50% 70% 100%
KD2: Food production
Irrigation area 1000 ha 24 30 35 40
# animal water points # 300 500 900 1000
KD3: Industry and Energy
Water supplied to mining % 30% 80% 90% 100%
Water supplied to industry % 70% 80% 90% 100%
Hydropower generated MWh 34 80 120 120
KD4: Environment
Protected watershed area km2 1200 2500 3500 3500
Number of springs/sources protected # 300 600 900 900
Average class water quality rivers I-V II III IV V
KD5: Vulnerability
Vulnerability to floods - average damage m€/yr 120 < 78 < 50 0
Vulnerability to droughts - average damage m€/yr 200 < 50 < 30 0
Implementation information
Required investments m€ - - -
B/C ratio economic categories (KD2, KD3) - > 1,3 > 1,2 -
Step 6: Determining the scores
Alternative investment strategies
Key Dimenstions and Indicators Base Targets Strategy 1 Strategy 2 Strategy 3
unit 2010 2020 2030 Perfect 2020 2030 2020 2030 2020 2030
Case Water Security Index
KD1: Water and Sanitation
% people access to safe drinking water % 50% 63% 73% 100% 63% 73% 63% 73% 63% 73%
% people access to sanitation facilities % 30% 50% 70% 100% 50% 70% 50% 70% 50% 70%
KD2: Food production
Irrigation area 1000 ha 24 30 35 40 26 28 28 31 30 35
# animal water points # 300 500 900 1000 400 700 500 900 500 900
KD3: Industry and Energy
Water supplied to mining % 30% 80% 90% 100% 40% 50% 50% 70% 80% 90%
Water supplied to industry % 70% 80% 90% 100% 70% 90% 80% 90% 80% 90%
Hydropower generated MWh 34 80 120 120 60 100 70 110 80 120
KD4: Environment
Protected watershed area km2 1200 2500 3500 3500 2000 2500 2500 3000 2500 3500
Number of springs/sources protected # 300 600 900 900 400 600 500 700 600 850
Average class water quality rivers I-V II III IV V II III III III III IV
KD5: Vulnerability
Vulnerability to floods - average damage m€/yr 120 < 78 < 50 0 100 80 100 80 78 50
Vulnerability to droughts - average damage m€/yr 200 < 50 < 30 0 120 80 80 40 50 30
Implementation information
Required investments m€ - - - 300 500 400 650 600 1200
B/C ratio economic categories (KD2, KD3) - > 1,3 > 1,2 - 1,4 1,3 1,3 1,2 1,2 1,1
Preferred strategy?
IWRM Planning
Guidelines
Steps IV-V Implementation plan
What:
• concrete actions to be taken
Who:
• stakeholders involved and prime responsible
agency
How:
• steps to be taken – consultative process
When:
• time plan
Financing:
• where is the money coming from
Steps IV-V Implementation plan
Steps IV-V Implementation plan
Feasibility studies and environmental
Assessment
Detailed Feasibility
Technical
Legal
Economic
Operational; and
Scheduling
Steps IV-V Implementation plan
Promotion
Institutions and
responsibilities:
illustrated by
Cebu Case
Categories
Projects
Institutions
Implem. info
Categories
Develop more
resources
Water demand
reduction
Protecting the
resources
Water
governance
Research &
Development
` Responsible
Responsibilities o Co-operating partner
x Consulted partner
Steps IV-V Implementation plan
Legend
Stakeholder is the main responsible for this
activity but will involve other stakeholders in the
` Responsible decision making process and the implementation
of the measure.
Stakeholder is involved in the measure but does
not have the ultimate responsibility; he will be
o Co-operating partner consulted and his opinion will seriously be taken
into account by the main responsible partner; he
might also take care of part of the implementation
Stakeholder is not responsible for the decision or
the measure but will be effected by the measure;
x Consulted partner the main responsible stakeholder will consult him
before the decision is taken or the measure is
implemented.
Specific
responsibilities
MCWD: more
supply, demand
reduction
LGUs: the actual
implementer of
many measures
DENR: protecting
the resources and
governance
Private sector:
investments
Time schedule
Action plan
Implementation Phase I
Steps IV-V Implementation plan
Establishment WRMB
(Water Resources Management Board)
and Technical Secretariat is crucial !
• decide upon Action Plans
• support implementation process
Steps IV-V Implementation plan
Monitoring
• Implementation by LGUs
• LGUs to report progress
and possible bottlenecks to Technical Secretariat
• TS to consolidate this into overall progress report
on Action Plan
• Discussion at Board level for decision making and
providing directions
• Will also provide input to updating of Action Plan
Steps IV-V Implementation plan
Risk and risk management
As part of the implementation plan
• Implementation risks
• political and institutional risks: willingness to
cooperate?
• social risks: awareness, willingness to pay?
• environmental risks: sufficient priority?
• financial risks: funding investments?
• technical risks: accuracy of used data?
Natural risks and uncertainties
• geohazard risk: e.g. dam construction / faults
• calamities–drought periods: requires good management
• calamities – toxic spills: protection measures needed
Steps IV-V Implementation plan
Communication and public awareness
• Essential for successful
implementation of Action Plan
acceptance of unpopular
measures (e.g. cost recovery)
achieving certain measures
(e.g. demand reduction)
• Requires
open decision making (WRM
Board)
Campaigns
newsletters
• Cooperation with civil society
and business sector
Summary of the
IWRM Planning
Guidelines
Thanks
