PANIMALAR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF IT

IT6601 MOBILE COMPUTING

UNIT – I
INTRODUCTION

SYLLABUS: Mobile Computing – Mobile Computing vs. wireless Networking – Mobile

Computing Applications – Characteristics of Mobile computing – Structure of Mobile
Computing Application. MAC Protocols – Wireless MAC Issues – Fixed Assignment Schemes –
Random Assignment Schemes – Reservation Based Schemes.

COURSE OBJECTIVE: Understand the basic concepts of mobile computing.

PART – A
1. Define Mobile Computing.
Mobile Computing also called as Ubiquitous Computing or Nomadic Computing is described as
the ability to compute remotely while on the move. It makes possible for people to access
information from anywhere and at any time.
Mobile Computing = Mobility + Computing

2. What do you mean by the terms Mobility and Computing?

Mobility: Provides the capability to change location while communicating to invoke computing
services at some remote computers.
Computing: Capability to automatically carry out certain processing related to services
invocation on a remote computer.

3. Name the type of Mobility.

a) User Mobility
b) Device Portability

4. List out the advantages of Mobile Computing. May/June 2016

(i) Location Flexibility
(ii) User Mobility
(iii) Device Portability
(iv) Saves Time
(v) Enhanced Productivity
(vi) Entertainment

5. Mention the disadvantages of Mobile Computing.

(i) Expensive
(ii) Power Consumption
(iii) Small Screen Display
(iv) Slow Internet Speed
(v) Risky to carry
(vi) Security Concerns
(vii) Communication depends upon network

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6. Compare Wired Networks and Mobile Networks.

S.No Wired Networks Mobile Networks
Users cannot get any information at Users can get information at any place
1.
any place (does not support mobility) (Supports Mobility)
2. Bandwidth is high Bandwidth is low
3. Low bandwidth variability High bandwidth variability
4. Listen on wire Hidden Terminal problem
5. Productivity is low Productivity is high
6. High Power Machines Low Power machines
7. High Resource machines Low Resource machines
8. Need physical access Need proximity
9. Low delay Higher delay
10. Connected Operations Disconnected Operations

7. List out the differences between Mobile Computing and Wireless Networking.
S.No Mobile Computing Wireless Networking
It is a technology that access data It is a network that uses wireless data
1. through wireless network connections for connecting network
nodes
It denotes accessing information and It provides the basic communication
2. remote computational services while on infrastructure necessary for mobile
the move computing
It refers to computing devices that are It is a method of transferring
not restricted to a desktop. Eg: Smart information between a computing
3.
Phone, PDA, Laptop etc., devices such as PDA & data sources
without a physical connection
It refers to a device performing It refers to the data communication
computation that is not always without the use of a landline. Eg.
4.
connected to a central network Cellular Telephone, Two way radio,
Satellite, Wireless Connection.

8. Name some of the Mobile Computing Devices.

 Mobile Phones
 Laptops
 PDA
 Notebook PCs

9. Point out the problems faced by devices in Wireless Transmission?

1. Lower Bandwidth
2. Bandwidth Fluctuations
3. Host mobility
4. Intermittent disconnections
5. High bit error rate
6. Poor link reliability
7. Higher delay
8. Power consumption

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10. What are the classifications of Wireless Networks?

i) Extension of Wired Networks: Uses fixed infrastructures such as base stations to provide
single hop wireless communication (or) two-hop wireless communication.
a. Example: WLAN, Bluetooth
ii) Adhoc Networks: It does not use any fixed infrastructure and it is based on multi-hop
wireless communication.
Example: MANET, VANET.

11. What are the applications of mobile computing?

 Emergency services
 Stock Broker
 Vehicles
 For Estate Agents
 In courts
 In companies
 Stock Information Collection/Control
 Credit Card Verification
 Taxi/Truck Dispatch
 Electronic Mail/Paging

12. List out the characteristics of Mobile Computing.

(i) Ubiquity
(ii) Location Awareness
(iii)Adaptation
(iv)Broadcast
(v) Personalization

13. Draw the structure of Mobile Computing Application.

Presentation (tier -1)
Application (tier -2)
Data tier (tier -3)

14. Specify the functionalities of Application Tier.

 Responsible for making logical decisions and performing calculations.
 Moves and Process data between the presentation and data layers.

15. What is the use of Data Tier?

 Responsible for providing the basic facilities of data storage, access and manipulation.
 Contains a database where the information is stored and retrieved.

16. Describe about MAC Protocol.

MAC Protocol is access control protocol which is responsible for regulating access to the shared
channel when multiple nodes compete to access that channel. It is a sub layer of the data link
layer protocol and it directly invokes the physical layer protocol.

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17. What are the Objectives of MAC Protocol?

 Maximization of the channel utilization
 Minimization of average latency of transmission

18. List out the properties required of MAC protocol.

(i) It should implement some rules to enforce discipline wen multiple nodes compete for a
shared channel.
(ii) It should help maximize the channel utilization.
(iii)Channel allocation needs to be fair. No node should be discriminated against at any time
and made wait for an long time for transmission.
(iv)It should be capable of supporting several types of traffic having different bit rates.
(v) It should be robust in the face of equipment failure and changing network conditions.

19. What is meant by Hidden Node and Exposed Node?

 Hidden Node: A hidden node is a node that does not hear the transmission that a node
within its range is receiving and thus does not attempting to gain access.
 Exposed Node: An exposed node is a node that hears multiple disjoint sections of a
network and never gets an opportunity to compete for transmission since it is always
deferring to someone.

20. Explain hidden and exposed terminal problem in infrastructure-less network.

May/June 2016
Hidden Terminal Problem:
The Hidden Terminal Problem arises when at least three nodes (A, B and C) communicating.

B is in the radio range of A, and B is also with the radio range of C. The nodes A and C are not
in the radio range of each other. If both A and C start to transmit to B at the same time, the data
received at B would get garbled. This situation arises because A and C are “hidden” from each
other, because they are outside each other’s transmission range.
Note:- Hidden Terminal causes Collisions.
Exposed Terminal Problem:
Exposed Terminal Problem arises when all the three nodes are in the radio range of all nodes.

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Now B is transmitting to A, C wants to send to another terminal (not A or B) outside the range. C
senses the carrier and detects that the carrier is busy, so C postpones the transmission until it
detects the medium is free. But A is outside the radio range of C. This problem arises because “C
is exposed to B”.
Note:- Exposed Terminal leads to inefficient spectrum usage and unnecessary transmission
delays.

21. What are the classifications of MAC Protocols?

Wireless MAC protocols are classified into
A. Fixed-assignment schemes (Circuit-switched)
B. Random-Assignment schemes(CL packet-switched)
C. Reservation-based schemes(CO packet-switched)

(i) Fixed Assignment

a. FDMA
b. TDMA
c. CDMA
(ii) Random Assignment
a. ALOHA
b. Slotted ALOHA
c. CSMA
d. CSMA/CD
e. CSMA/CA
(iii) Reservation Based
a. RTS / CTS

22. Compare CSMA / CD and CSMA / CA.

S.No CSMA / CD CSMA / CA

1. It takes effect after a collision It takes effect before a collision
It will not take steps to prevent It will take actions not to take place any
2. transmission collision until it is taken collision
place

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3. It only minimizes the recovery time It reduces the possibility of a collision

Typically used in wired networks Typically used in wireless networks &
4.
WLANs
5. Standardized in IEEE 802.3 Standardized in IEEE 802.11

23. Summarize the steps involved in RTS / CTS scheme.

 Sender transmits an RTS packet to the receiver before the actual data
transmission.
 Receiver sends a CTS packet to the sender.
 Actual data transfer commences between the sender and receiver.
 Receiver will send acknowledgement to the sender.

24. Formulate a reason why Collision Detection is based protocol not suitable for
wireless networks?
Because, in a wireless network, it is very difficult for a transmitting node to detect a collision,
since any received signal from other nodes would be too weak compared to its original signal
and can easily be masked by noise. As a result the transmitting node would continue to transmit
the frame which leads to corrupted frame.
In wired network, when a node detects a collision, it immediately stops transmitting, thereby
minimizing channel wastage.

25. Assess why is the MAC protocol designed for infrastructure based wireless N/W
may not work satisfactory in infrastructure-less environment. Justify your answer?
Because,
 It is for a transmitting node to detect collisions
 Hidden and Exposed terminal problems makes MAC protocols inefficient.

PART - B
1. Explain the characteristics of Mobile Computing. [An] May/June 2016
2. Discuss briefly about Wireless Network Classifications. [An]
3. Explain the structure of Mobile Computing Applications with neat sketch. [An] May/June
2016
4. Explain the various taxonomy of MAC protocols in detail. [U] May/June 2016
5. Briefly explain FDMA, CDMA, and TDMA. [An] Nov/Dec 2011, May/June 12, May
/June 2013, Nov/Dec 2013, May/June 2014, Nov/Dec2014
6. Compare FDMA, TDMA & CDMA. [An]
7. Explain in detail about the motivation for specialized MAC. [U] May/June 2013
8. Explain the following: [U]
(i) Random Assignment Schemes
(ii) Reservation-based schemes

COURSE OUTCOME: An ability to explain the basics of Mobile Computing and MAC
protocol.

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UNIT – II

MOBILE INTERNET PROTOCOL AND TRANSPORT LAYER

SYLLABUS: Overview of Mobile IP – Features of Mobile IP – Key Mechanism in Mobile IP –

route Optimization. Overview of TCP/IP – Architecture of TCP/IP- Adaptation of TCP Window
– Improvement in TCP Performance.

COURSE OBJECTIVE: Be familiar with the network protocol stack.

1. Define Mobile IP.

Mobile IP is a standard protocol created by extending Internet Protocol (IP) to enable users to
keep the same IP address while travelling from one network to a different network.
Mobile IP = Mobility + Internet Protocol (IP)

2. Specify the goals of Mobile IP.

 Allows mobile hosts to stay connected to the internet regardless of their location
and without changing their IP address.
 Enable packet transmission efficiently without any packet loss and disruptions in
the presence of host and/or destination mobility.

3. What are the main requirements needed for mobile IP?

 Compatibility
 Transparency
 Scalability and efficiency
 Security

4. List out the various terminologies involved in Mobile IP.

a) Mobile Node
b) Home Network
c) Home Address
d) Foreign Agent
e) Correspondent Node
f) Care-of-Address
g) Tunnel
h) Foreign Network
i) Home Agent

5. Define COA.
It is an address that identifies the mobile node’s current location. The packets sent to the Mobile
Node are delivered to COA. COA is associated with the mobile node’s Foreign Agent (FA).

6. Define Tunneling.
Tunneling is the process of delivering the packet sent by the Home Agent(HA) to foreign
agent(COA) and frm COA to the mobile node via tunnel. Tunneling has two primary functions:
1. Encapsulation of data packet to reach the tunnel endpoint

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2. Decapsulation when the packet is delivered at that endpoint.

7. What is encapsulation in Mobile IP.
Encapsulation refers to arranging a packet header and data and putting it into the data part of a
new packet. Thus the encapsulated packet will contain the new destination address as “Address
of COA” and the new source address as “Address of HA”.

8. What are the two types of COA?

1. Foreign Agent COA: It is an IP address of Foreign Agent(FA).
2. Co-located COA: Temporary IP address that is assigned to MN.

9. What is meant by Agent Discovery?

Agent Discovery is a process by which a mobile node determines its Foreign Agent(FA) during
call establishment.
Two methods of Agent Discovery:
(i) Agent Advertisement
(ii) Agent Solicitation

10. What is meant by Agent Advertisement?

Foreign agents and home agents advertise their presence periodically using special agent
advertisement messages. An Agent Advertisement Message lists one or more COA and a flag
indicating whether

11. What is meant by Agent Solicitation?

Agent Solicitation is an Agent Discovery process which is used to search for a foreign agent.
Agent Solicitation message is sent if a mobile node does not receive any COA.

12. What are the mechanisms used for forwarding the packet?
 CN does not need to know anything about the MN’s current location and sends
the packet as usual to the IP address of MN
 The packet is not forwarded into the subnet as usual, but encapsulated and
tunnelled to the COA
 The foreign agent now decapsulates the packet, i.e., removes the additional
header, and forwards the original packet with CN as source and MN as destination to the
MN

13. What are the key mechanisms associated with Mobile IP?
1. Discovering the Care-of-Address
2. Registering the Care-of-Address
3. Tunneling to the Care-of-Address

14. What do you mean by the term binding of mobile node?

The association of the home address of a mobile node with a Care-Of-Address (COA) is called
binding of mobile node.

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15. What is DHCP? May/June 2016

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is a communication protocol that network
administrators use to centrally manage and automate the network configuration of devices
attaching to an Internet Protocol (IP) network.

16. Define TCP.

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is the standard transport layer protocol for applications that
require guaranteed message delivery. It is a connection-Oriented protocol.

17. Elaborate on TCP/IP protocol.

TCP/IP is a combination of two separate protocols: Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and
Internet Protocol (IP). The Internet Protocol standard dictates the logistics of packets sent out
over networks; it tells packets where to go and how to get there.
The Transmission Control Protocol is responsible for ensuring the reliable transmission of data
across Internet-connected networks. TCP checks packets for errors and submits requests for re-
transmissions if any are found.

18. Mention the layers involved in TCP/IP Protocol Suite

1. Application Layer
2. Transport Layer
3. Internet Layer
4. Network Access Layer

19. Name the protocols in Application Layer.

1. HTTP (HyperText Tranfer Protocol)
2. FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
3. SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
4. SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)
5. DNS (Domain Name System)
6. TELNET

20. Mention the Transport Layer Protocols.

1. TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
2. UDP (User Datagram Protocol)

21. List out the Internet Layer Protocols.

1. IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol)
2. ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol)
3. IP (Internet Protocol)
4. ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)
5. RARP (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol)

22. What is the use of HTTP and FTP?

 HTTP:
 HTTP stands for HyperText Transfer Protocol
 HTTP takes care of the communication between a web server and a web browser.

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 It is used for sending requests from a web client (a browser) to a web server,
returning web content (web pages) from the server back to the client.
 FTP:
 FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol
 FTP takes care of file transmission between computers.

23. What is BOOTP?

BOOTP stands for Boot Protocol. It used for booting (starting) computers from the network.

24. What are the various mechanisms used to improve traditional TCP performance?
1. Slow Start
2. Congestion Avoidance
3. Fast Retransmit / Fast Recovery

25. What are the various mechanisms used to improve TCP performance in Mobile
Networks?
1. TCP in Single-hop Wireless Networks:
 Indirect TCP (I-TCP)
 Fast Retransmission
 Snooping TCP (S-TCP)
 Mobile TCP (M-TCP)
 Freeze TCP (F-TCP)

2. TCP in Multi-hop Wireless Networks:

 TCP-F (TCP Feedback)

26. List out indirect TCP advantages. May/June 2013

 I-TCP does not require any changes in the TCP protocol as used by the hosts in
the fixed network or other hosts in a wireless network that do not use this optimization.
All current optimizations for TCP still work between the foreign agent and the
correspondent host.
 Due to the strict partitioning into two connections, transmission errors on the
wireless link, i.e., lost packets cannot propagate into the fixed network

27. Define disadvantage of I-TCP.

 The loss of the end-to-end semantics of TCP might cause problems if the foreign
agent partitioning the TCP connection crashes.
 The foreign agent must be a trusted entity because the TCP connections end at
this point. If users apply end-to-end encryption.

28. What is meant by Snooping TCP?

 The main function of the enhancement is to buffer data close to the mobile host to
perform fast local retransmission in case of packet loss.
 In this approach, the foreign agent buffers all packets with destination mobile host
and additionally ‘snoops’ the packet flow in both directions to recognize
acknowledgements

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29. List out advantage of M-TCP.

 It maintains the TCP end-to-end semantics. The SH does not send any ACK itself
but forwards the ACKs from the MH.
 If the MH is disconnected, it avoids useless retransmissions, slow starts or
breaking connections by simply shrinking the sender’s window to 0

30. Define fast retransmit and fast recovery.

 The mechanisms of fast recovery/fast retransmit a host can use after receiving
duplicate acknowledgements, thus concluding a packet loss without congestion.
 As soon as the mobile host registers at a new foreign agent using mobile IP, it
starts sending duplicated

31. Define time out freezing. May/June 12 and May/June 2013 Nov/Dec 2014
The MAC layer can inform the TCP layer of an upcoming loss of connection or that the current
interruption is not caused by congestion. TCP can now stop sending and ‘freezes’ the current
state of its congestion window and further timers

32. Define Selective retransmission. Nov / Dec 2012

 If a single packet is lost, the sender has to retransmit everything starting from the
lost packet (go-back-n retransmission). This obviously wastes bandwidth, not just in the
case of a mobile network, but for any network (particularly those with a high path
capacity, i.e., bandwidth delay- product
 The advantage of this approach is obvious: a sender retransmits only the lost
packets

33. List out disadvantage of M-TCP.

 As the SH does not act as proxy as in I-TCP, packet loss on the wireless link due
to bit errors is propagated to the sender. M-TCP assumes low bit error rates, which is not
always a valid assumption.
 A modified TCP on the wireless link not only requires modifications to the MH
protocol software but also new network elements like the bandwidth manager

34. What are the possible locations for care of address? Nov/Dec 2013
The COA defines the current location of the MN from an IP point of view. All IP packets sent to
the MN are delivered to the COA, not directly to the IP address of the MN. Packet delivery
toward the MN is done using a tunnel, as explained later. To be more precise, the COA marks
the tunnel endpoint, i.e., the address where packets exit the tunnel
There are two different possibilities for the location of the COA:
 Foreign agent COA
 Co-located COA

35. What are the possible locations of Tunnel end point of Mobile IP? May/June 2014
A tunnel establishes a virtual pipe for data packets between a tunnel entry and a tunnel endpoint.
Packets entering a tunnel are forwarded inside the tunnel and leave the tunnel unchanged.
Tunneling, i.e., sending a packet through a tunnel is achieved by using encapsulation.
The possible locations of Tunnel end point are

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1. Home Agent (HA)

2. Foreign Agent (FA)

36. How does M-TCP split the connections?

 Unmodified TCP
Used to handle wired part of connection and used in between the Fixed Host (FH) and
the Supervisory Host (SH).
 Optimized TCP
Used to handle wireless part of connection and used in between the Supervisory Host
(SH) and the Mobile Host (MH).

37. What should the value of TTL Filed in the IP packet of agent advertisement? Why?
May/June 2014
The TTL field of the IP packet is set to 1 for all advertisements to avoid forwarding them. The IP
destination address according to standard router advertisements can be either set to 224.0.0.1,
which is the multicast address for all systems on a link or to the broadcast address
255.255.255.255.

38. Differentiate snoopy TCP and mobile TCP. Nov/Dec 2014

 The Snoop protocol is a TCP-aware link layer protocol designed to improve the
performance of TCP over networks of wired and single-hop wireless links. The main
problem with TCP performance in networks that have both wired and wireless links is
that packet losses that occur because of bit-errors are mistaken by the TCP sender as
being due to network congestion, causing it to drop its transmission window and often
time out, resulting in degraded throughput.
 In wireless systems, WTCP is placed on a base station or intermediate gateway
between a source host and a mobile (wireless) host. The base station is a wireless
transmitter and receiver for the mobile host, and acts as a gateway to the internet for the
host.

PART – B

1. Explain entities and terminology of Mobile IP. [U]

2. Describe the following terms in detail: [An]
i) Corresponding Node
ii) Care of Address
iii) Agent Discovery
iv) Tunneling and Encapsulation.
3. Explain in detail about the key mechanisms associated with Mobile IP. [U]
4. Express brief account of route optimization in Mobile IP. [U]
5. With a diagram explain DHCP and its protocol architecture. [R] May/June 2016
6. Explain IP-in-IP, Minimal IP and GRE encapsulation methods. [U] May/June 2016
7. With a neat diagram explain the architecture of TCP/IP. [U] May/June 2016
8. Explain the layered architecture of the TCP/IP protocol suite and compare it with the
ISO/OSI Architecture. [An]

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9. Explain indirect TCP. [U] Nov /Dec 2011&12, May/June 12, May /June 2013,
Nov/Dec2014
10. Short notes on Snooping and Mobile TCP. [R] Nov /Dec 2011&12, May/June 12, May
/June 2013, Nov/Dec 2013, May/June2014, Nov/Dec 2014
11. Write short notes on (i) TCP Tahoe (ii) TCP Reno [R]
12. Discuss and compare the various mechanisms used to improve the TCP performance.
[An] May/June 2016

COURSE OUTCOME: An ability to explain the need of Mobile Internet Protocol and
Transport Layer Protocol.

UNIT III

MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM

SYLLABUS: Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) – General Packet Radio Service
(GPRS) – Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS)

COURSE OBJECTIVE: Learn the basics of mobile telecommunication system.

PART-A

1. Expand GSM, GPRS and UMTS.

GSM – Global System for Mobile Communication
GPRS – General Packet Radio Services
UMTS – Universal Mobile Telecommunication Systems

2. What is meant by GSM?

Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) is a wide area wireless communications
system that uses digital radio transmission to provide voice, data and multimedia communication
services. A GSM system coordinates the communication between a mobile telephones (Mobile
Stations), base stations (Cell Sites) and switching systems.

3. What is the important characteristic of GSM?

GSM provides data services in addition to voice services and it is compatible to 1G system.

4. What is the use of GSM in mobile telecommunication? Nov/Dec 2011&12

May/June 12
This system was soon named the Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), The
primary goal of GSM was to provide a mobile phone system that allows users to roam and
provides voice services compatible to ISDN and other PSTN systems

5. Specify the three different categories of services defined by GSM

 Bearer services
 Tele services
 Supplementary services

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6. What is the use of emergency number?

Another service offered by GSM is the emergency number. This service is mandatory for all
providers and free of charge. This connection also has the highest priority, possibly pre-empting
other connections, and will automatically be set up with the closest emergency center.

7. List the important supplementary services offered by GSM.

 User Identification
 Call Forwarding (or Redirection)
 Automatic call-back
 Conferencing with up to 7 participants

8. What is meant by SMS and EMS?

 A useful service for very simple message transfer is the short message
service(SMS), which offers transmission of messages of up to 160 characters
 The successor of SMS, the Enhanced Message Service (EMS), offers a larger
message size (e.g., 760 characters, concatenating several SMs), formatted text, and the
transmission of animated pictures

9. What are the sub systems available in GMS?

 Radio subsystem
 Network and switching subsystem
 Operation subsystem

10. What is RSS?

RSS stands for Radio Sub System. It comprises of all radio specific entities.

11. Name the entities of RSS.

1. Mobile Station (MS)
2. Base Station Subsystem (BSS)
3. Base Transceiver Station (BTS)
4. Base Station Controller (BSC)

12. Classify the functions of HLR and VLR.

Home Location Registers(HLR) Visitor Location Registers(VLR)
HLR is a mobile operator database that VLR is a temporary database that is
includes details specific to each subscriber
updated whenever a new MS enters its
such as phone number, subscriber’s IMSI,
area by roaming. The information is
pre/postpaid, user’s current location, obtained from the corresponding HLR.
billing details, phone status – parameters.
i.e., VLR supports roaming functions for
users outside the coverage area of their
own HLR.
Basic Parameters stored in the HLR: The additional data stored in the VLR in
 Subscriber ID (IMSI and MSISDN) telecom is listed below:
 Current Locationo f the user 1. Location Area Identity (LAI).
 Supplementary Services Subscriber to 2. Temporary Mobile Subscriber
(Caller Tone, Missed Call Alert, Any Identity (TMSI).

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Other Services etc.) 3. Mobile Station Roaming Number

 Subscriber Status (Registered or (MSRN).
Deregistered) 4. Mobile status (busy/free/no answer
 Authentication Key and AUC etc.).
Functionality
 Mobile Subscriber Roaming Number

13. List out the functions of OMC.

 Traffic Monitoring
 Subscribers
 Security Management
 Account Billing

14. List the 3 important features of GSM Security. May/June 2016

1. Authentication – used to protect the network against unauthorized use.
2. Confidentiality – Data on the radio path is encrypted between the Mobile
Equipment (ME) and the BTS which protects user traffic and sensitive signaling data
against eavesdropping.
3. Anonymity – Anonymity is achieved by allocating Temporary Mobile Subscriber
Identity (TMSI) instead of permanent identities to protect against tracking a user’s
location and obtaining information about a user’s call log.

15. What are the characteristics of GSM?

1. Communication
2. Total Mobility
3. World Wide Connectivity
4. High Capacity
5. High Transmission Quality
6. Security Functions
7. SIM Card Bounded Service

16. Give the block diagram of GSM Authentication. May/June 2014

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17. What is meant by GPRS? May/June 12

GPRS (General Packet Radio Services) is a packet-oriented mobile data service on the
GSM of 3G and 2G cellular communication systems. It is a non-voice, high-speed and useful
packet-switching technology for GSM networks.

18. List out the features of GPRS.

1. Speed
2. Immediacy
3. Packet Switched Resource Allocation (Spectrum Efficiency)
4. Flexible Channel Allocation
5. Traffic characteristics suitable for GPRS
6. Mobility
7. Localization

19. Explain in what ways is GPRS better than GSM?

GSM uses a billing system based on the time of connection whereas GPRS uses a billing system
based on the amount of transmitted data.

20. What are the goals of GPRS?

1. Open Architecture
2. Consistent IP services
3. Same infrastructure for different air interfaces
4. Integrated telephony and Internet infrastructure
5. Service innovation independent of infrastructure

21. What are the services offered by GPRS?

GPRS offers end-to-end packet-switched data transfer services which can be categorized into the
following two types:
1. Point-To-Point Service (PTP): It is between two users and can either be connectionless or
connection-oriented.
2. Point-To-Multipoint Service (PTM): It is a data transfer service from one user to multiple
users.

22. Point out the purpose of EIR in Mobile Computing.

Equipment Identity Register (EIR) is a database that used to track handsets using the IMEI. It
helps to block calls from stolen, unauthorized, or defective mobiles.

23. What is the use of VOIP? May/June 2013

Voice over Internet protocol, a technology for making telephone calls over the Internet in which
speech sounds are converted into binary.

24. What is meant by roaming?

In wireless telecommunications, roaming is a general term referring to the extension of
connectivity service in a location that is different from the home location where the service was
registered. Roaming ensures that the wireless device is kept connected to the network, without
losing the connection

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25. What is the function of GGSN? May/June 2014

 The gateway GPRS support node (GGSN) is the interworking unit between the GPRS
network and external packet data networks (PDN). This node contains routing information for
GPRS users, performs address conversion, and tunnels data to a user via encapsulation.
 The GGSN is connected to external networks (e.g., IP or X.25) via the Gi interface and
transfers packets to the SGSN via an IP-based GPRS backbone network (Gn interface).

26. What is UMTS?

The Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) is a 3G mobile communication
system that provides a range of broadband services to wireless and mobile communications. The
UMTS was developed mainly for countries with GSM networks.

27. What are the main elements of UMTS? May/June 2016

1. User Equipment / Mobile Station (MS): is the name by which a cell phone is referred to
2. Radio Network Subsystem (RNS): Equivalent of Base Station Subsystem (BSS) in GSM.
It provides and manages the wireless interface for the overall network.
3. Core Network (CN): Equivalent of the Network Switching Subsystem (NSS) in GSM.

28. Draw Architecture of UMTS?

29. List out UMTS Problems.

 Require more battery power
 Can handoff UMTS to GSM but not GSM to UMTS
 Initial poor coverage
 More expensive than GSM

PART-B
1. Explain GSM architecture and its services with neat diagram. [U] Nov/Dec2011&12,
May/June 12, May /June 2013, Nov/Dec 2013, May/June 2014, Nov/Dec2014, May/June
2016

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2. Explain security service in GSM. [U] December 2012, Nov/Dec 2013

3. Explain GSM Authentication and Security. [U] May/June 2016
4. Draw a neat diagram of GPRS and explain its protocol architecture and services. [An]
Nov/Dec 2011&12, May/June 12, May /June 2013, Nov/Dec 2013, May/June 2014,
Nov/dec2014, May/June 2016
5. Explain in detail about UMTS Architecture and its Services. [U] May/June 2016

COURSE OUTCOME: An ability to explain the various architectures of Mobile

Telecommunication System.

UNIT IV

MOBILE AD-HOC NETWORKS

SYLLABUS: Ad-Hoc Basic Concepts – Characteristics – Applications – Design Issues – Routing

– Essential of Traditional Routing Protocols –Popular Routing Protocols – Vehicular Ad Hoc
networks ( VANET) – MANET vs. VANET – Security.

COURSE OBJECTIVE: Be exposed to Ad-Hoc networks.

PART – A

1. What is meant by Ad-hoc network?

The term implies spontaneous or impromptu construction. An ad hoc network is a network that is
composed of individual devices communicating with each other directly. Instead of relying on a
base station to coordinate the flow of messages to each node in the network, the individual
network nodes forward packets to and from each other.

2. What are the basic principles of Ad-hoc networking?

 Mobile device communicate in peer-to-peer fashion
 Self-organizing network without the need of fixed network infrastructure„
 Multi-hop communication„
 Decentralized, mobility-adaptive operation

3. What are the needs of ad hoc networks?

 Ease of deployment
 Speed of deployment
 Decreased dependence on infrastructure

4. What are the advantages of ad hoc networks?

The advantages of an ad hoc network include:
1. Separation from central network administration.
2. Self-configuring nodes are also routers.
3. Self-healing through continuous re-configuration.
4. Scalability incorporates the addition of more nodes.

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5. Mobility allows ad hoc networks created on the fly in any situation where there are
multiple wireless devices.
6. Flexible ad hoc can be temporarily setup at any time, in any place.
7. Lower getting - started costs due to decentralized administration.
8. The nodes in ad hoc network need not rely on any hardware and software. So, it can be
connected and communicated quickly.

5. What are the key challenges in ad hoc networks?

1. All network entities may be mobile ⇒ very dynamic topology
2. Network functions must have high degree of adaptability (mobility, outage)
3. No central entities ⇒ operation in completely distributed manner

6. What is meant by MANET?

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a continuously self-configuring, infrastructure-less
network of mobile devices connected without wires. MANETs are established and maintained on
the fly and work without the support of any form of fixed infrastructure such as base station or an
access point.

7. Give the difference between cellular and ad-hoc networks.

S.No Cellular Networks Ad-hoc Networks
1 Infrastructure Networks Infrastructure-less Networks
2 Fixed, pre-located cell sites and No base station and rapid
base stations deployment
3 Static backbone network topology Highly dynamic network
topologies
4 Relatively caring environment and Hostile environment and irregular
stable connectivity connectivity
5 Detailed planning before base Ad-hoc networks automatically
station can be installed forms and adapts to changes
6 High setup costs Cost-effective
7 Large setup time Less setup time

8. List out the characteristics of MANETs. May/June 2016

1) Lack of fixed infrastructure
2) Dynamic Topologies
3) Bandwidth constrained, variable capacity links
4) Energy Constrained Operation
5) Increased Vulnerability
6) Distributed peer-to-peer mode of operation
7) Multi-hop Routing
8) Autonomous Terminal
9) Lightweight Terminals
10) Shared Physical Medium

9. Analyze the operational constraints (challenges) associated with MANET.

1. Low Processing Capabilities & low bandwidth

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2. Computational & Communication overhead

3. Mobility-induced route changes
4. Battery Constraints
5. Packet losses due to transmission errors
6. Security Threats
7. Dynamic Topology

10. What are the advantages of MANETs?

 They provide access to information and services regardless of geographic position.
 Independence from central network administration
 Self-configuring network, nodes are also act as routers. Less expensive as compared to
wired network.
 Scalable—accommodates the addition of more nodes.
 Improved Flexibility.
 Robust due to decentralize administration.
 The network can be set up at any place and time.

11. What are the disadvantages of MANET?

1. Limited Resource
2. Limited Physical Security
3. Vulnerable to attacks. Lack of authorization facilitates
4. Variable network topology makes it hard to detect malicious nodes
5. Security protocols for wired network cannot work for adhoc network
6. Battery constraints
7. Frequent route changes leads to computational overhead

12. List out some of the applications of MANETs.

Some of the typical applications include:
1) Communication among portable computers
2) Environmental Monitoring
3) Sensor Networks
4) Military Sector
5) Personal Area Network and Bluetooth
6) Emergency Applications

13. Analyze and list out the various design issues associated with MANET.
1) Network Size and Node Density
2) Connectivity
3) Network Topology
4) User Traffic
5) Operational Environment
6) Energy Constraints

14. What is meant by routing in ad hoc networks?

“Routing is the process of finding the best path between the source and the destination for
forwarding packets in any store-and-forward network. Routing is the mechanism of forwarding

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packet towards its destination using most efficient path. Efficiency of the path is measured in
various metrics like, Number of hops, traffic, security, etc. In Ad-hoc network each host node
acts as specialized router itself.

15. Compare Link State and Distance Vector Routing.

S.NO Link Sate Routing Distance Vector Routing

1. It can be used in larger networks It can be used in smaller networks
2. It has unlimited number of hops It has limited number of hops
3. Convergence time is low Convergence time is high
4. Advertises only new changes Periodically advertise updates
5. Only advertise the updates and flood Advertises the entire routing tables to
the advertisement all its neighbors
6. Metric used is cost Metric used is hop count

16. Differentiate between MANET routing strategies with routing strategies of traditional
networks.

S.NO MANET routing strategies Routing strategies of traditional

networks
1. In MANET, each node acts as a In traditional network, ordinary nodes
router do not participate in routing the
packets.
2. In MANET, the topology is dynamic In traditional networks, the topology is
because of the mobility of the nodes. static and the routing table is also
Thus the routing table quickly constant during the data transmission.
becomes obsolete.
3. IP address encapsulated in the subnet Simple IP-based addressing scheme is
structure does not work because of deployed in wired network.
the node mobility

17. Give the classification of MANET routing protocols.

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18. List the types of communication in MANET.

 Unicast: Message is sent to a single destination node
 Multicast: Message is sent to a selected subset of network nodes
 Broadcast: Broadcasting is a special case of multicasting. Message is sent to all the
nodes in the network.

19. What is meant by VANET?

A Vehicular Adhoc Network (VANET) is a special type of MANET in which moving
automobiles form the nodes of the network. i.e., vehicles are connected to each other through an
adhoc formation that forms a wireless network.

20. Mention the goals of VANET.

Improve traffic safety and comfort of driving
Minimize accidents, traffic intensity, locating vehicles
Up-to-date traffic information
Intersection collision warning
Weather information

21. What are the characteristics of VANETs?

1) High mobility of nodes
2) Rapidly changing network topology
3) Unbounded network size
4) Higher computational capacity
5) Time-sensitive data exchange
6) Potential support from infrastructure
7) Abundant Resources
8) Partitioned Network
9) Unlimited Transmission Power

22. Mention the uses of VANET.

1) A VANET can help drivers to get advance information and warnings from a nearby
environment via message exchanges.
2) A VANET can help disseminate geographical information to the driver as he continues
to drive.
3) Drivers may have the opportunity to engage in other task.

23. List out the applications of VANETs.

1) Safety oriented
a) Real-time traffic
b) Cooperative message transfer
c) Post-crash notification
d) Road hazard control notification
e) Traffic vigilance

2) Commercial oriented
a) remote vehicle personalization

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b) internet access
c) digital map downloading
d) real time video relay
e) value-added advertisement

3) Convenience oriented
a) route diversion
b) electronic toll collection
c) parking availability

4) Productive Applications
a) Environmental Benefits
b) Time Utilization
c) Fuel Saving

24. Compare MANET Vs VANET. May/June 2016

VANET – Vehicular Adhoc MANE – Mobile Adhoc
S.No
Network Network
Basic Idea It is a collection of
nodes(vehicles) that It is a collection nodes that
communicate with each other communicate with each other
1 over bandwidth constrained over bandwidth constrained
wireless links with certain wireless links without any
road side infrastructure or infrastructure support
base station
2 Production Cost Costly Inexpensive
Network
3 Frequent and very fast Sluggish / Slow
Topology Change
4 Mobility High Low
5 Density in Node Frequent variable and dense Sparse
6 Bandwidth 1000 kbps 100 kbps
7 Range Up to 600 m Up to 100 m
Node lifetime It is depend on vehicle life
8 It is depend on power source
time
9 Reliability High Medium
Nodes moving
10 Regular Random
Pattern

PART – B

1. Explain the basic characteristics and applications of Mobile Ad hoc networks. [U]
May/June2016
2. Explain the various routing strategies in mobile ad-hoc networks. [U]
3. MANET Routing protocols. [An] Nov/Dec 2014
4. Explain DSR Routing Protocol in detail. [An] May/June 2016

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5. Explain the following: [U]

(i) DSDV routing protocol
(ii) Ad-hoc DSR routing protocol
6. Explain Dynamic Source Routing. [U] May/June2014
7. Discuss and detail the differences between DSDV and DSR routing protocols. [An]
8. What are the differences between AODV and the standard distance vector algorithm? Why are
extensions needed? [An]
9. Explain about Hybrid Routing protocols in MANETs. [U]
10. Demonstrate how multicast routing is carried out in ad-hoc networks. [An]
11. Define VANET? Explain how does it differ from MANET? Explain any one application of
VANET. [An]
12. Draw and explain the architecture of VANET. [U] May/June 2016
13. Discuss about various schemes in VANET routing. [An]
14. Explain the various security attacks on VANET. [U] May/June 2016

COURSE OUTCOME: An ability to compare various routing protocols in Mobile Ad-hoc

networks.
UNIT V

MOBILE PLATFORMS AND APPLICATIONS

SYLLABUS: Mobile Device Operating Systems – Special Constrains & Requirements –

Commercial Mobile Operating Systems – Software Development Kit: iOS, Android, BlackBerry,
Windows Phone – MCommerce – Structure – Pros & Cons – Mobile Payment System – Security
Issues.

COURSE OBJECTIVE: Gain knowledge about different mobile platforms and application
development.
PART – A

1. What is meant by Mobile Operating System?

A mobile operating system, also called a mobile OS, is software that is specifically designed to
run on mobile devices such as mobile phones, smartphones, PDAs, tablet computers and other
handheld devices. Much like the Linux or Windows operating system controls your desktop or
laptop computer, a mobile operating system is the software platform on top of which other
programs can run on mobile devices.

2. List out the features of Mobile Operating Systems.

1. Multitasking
2. Scheduling
3. Memory Allocation
4. File System Interface
5. Keypad Interface
6. I/O Interface
7. Protection and Security
8. Multimedia features

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3. Draw the architecture of Mobile OS.

Applications
OS Libraries
Device Operating System Base, Kernel
Low-Level Hardware, Manufacturer Device Drivers

4. What are the constraints in Mobile OS?

Design and capabilities of a Mobile OS (Operating System) is very different than a general
purpose OS running on desktop machines:
 Mobile devices have constraints and restrictions on their physical characteristic such as
screen size, memory, processing power and etc.
 Scarce availability of battery power
 Limited amount of computing and communication capabilities

5. List out various Mobile Operating Systems.

Give four examples of Mobile OS. May/June 2016
There are many mobile operating systems. The followings demonstrate the most important ones:
 Java ME Platform
 Palm OS
 Symbian OS
 Linux OS
 Windows Mobile OS
 BlackBerry OS
 iPhone OS
 Google Android Platform

6. Define Android SDK.

Android SDK is a software development kit that enables developers to create applications for the
Android platform. The Android SDK includes sample projects with source code, development
tools, an emulator, and required libraries to build Android applications.

7. What are the advantages and disadvantages of Android Mobile OS?

Advantages Disadvantages
 Large number of devices using Android  Some device manufacturers add
 Frequent Enhancement alternative UI front-ends which reduces OS
 Larger number of applications consistency
availability  Updates are controlled by device
 Excellent UI manufacturers and may be slow or non-
 Multi-tasking existent
 Free developer tools  Applications are not validated
 No restrictions on applications
 Phones are available from every service

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provider
 Many devices can be unlocked with
third-party applications

8. What are the advantages and disadvantages of Apple IOS?

Advantages Disadvantages
 Excellent UI  Closed architecture
 Larger number of applications  Limited number of devices to choose
availability from – all from apple
 Apple validates applications  No multi-tasking for applications
 Consistent UI across devices  Applications must be approved by
 Frequent free OS updates Apple before being made available via the
Marketplace
 Can’t be unlocked

9. What are the advantages and disadvantages of BlackBerry OS?

Advantages Disadvantages
 Secure send and receive email using  Closed architecture
proprietary encryption  Limited number of devices to choose
 Multi-tasking from – all from Research In Motion
 Phones available form most service  Limited number of applications
providers available
 Application development is more
complex and difficult than other Operating
Systems
 Applications tend to be more costly

10. What are the advantages and disadvantages of Windows Phone OS?
Advantages Disadvantages
 Built in support for Windows Office  Closed architecture
documents  Small number of applications available
 Multi-tasking  Browser is a mix of IE7 and IE8 (a bit
 Phones available form most service dated)
providers  Applications must be approved by
 Excellent development tools, with free Microsoft before being
versions available to students
 Updates available directly from
Microsoft

11. What is M-Commerce? May/June 2016

M-commerce (mobile commerce) is the buying and selling of goods, services or
information by using Wireless handheld devices such as cellular telephone and personal digital
assistants (PDAs). It is an important application of Mobile Computing. This includes purchases
on Websites or apps, in-store or from vending machines; paying for travel, events or bills; or
redeeming a coupon… any type of commerce that is conducted using a mobile device.

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12. What are the characteristics of M-Commerce?

1. Fast Processing
2. Reduced Business Costs
3. Little Need for Maintenance

13. List out the applications of M-Commerce.

M-Commerce applications broadly categorized into
1. Business-to-Consumer (B2C) Applications
(i) Advertising
(ii) Comparison Shopping
(iii) Information about a product
(iv) Mobile Ticketing
(v) Content Purchase and Delivery
(vi) Loyalty and Payment Services
(vii) Mobile Banking
(viii) Catalogue Shopping
(ix) Mobile Brokerage

2. Business-to-Business (B2B) Applications

(i) Ordering and Delivery Conformation
(ii) Stock Tracking and Control
(iii) Supply Chain Management
(iv) Mobile Inventory Management

14. Draw the structure of Mobile Commerce.

Mobile Application
Mobile Client

Mobile Device Host Computer

Internet

15. What are the features required for a mobile device to enable mobile commerce?

To enable M-Commerce to be used widely, a mobile device should support the

following features:
i) Good internet connectivity
ii) Ability to display rich content such as images
iii) Have a good quality camera with auto focus
iv) Screen should be able to properly display the bar codes
v) Ability to read the RFID tags

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vi) MMS (Multimedia Message Service), SMS (Short Message Service)

vii) Ability to communicate between the mobile device and the supporting network
viii) Ability to scan bar codes
ix) Ability to interact with the Point-of-Sale (PoS) terminals

16. What are pros of M-Commerce?

1. For the business organizations, the benefits of using M-commerce include
customer convenience, cost savings and new business opportunities.
2. For customers, M-commerce provides the flexibility of anytime, anywhere
shopping using a lightweight device. Customers can save substantial time compared to
visiting several stores to identify a right product at lowest price.
3. Cover wild distance: Mobile is the only technology which is now become
necessary for any person in social and business life than computers. So, it is easy to reach
users through mCommerce.
4. Consumer deals : As more users use mCommerce, there are lots of companies use
mCommerce site to reach them by giving different and better deals in comparison of their
competitor.
5. Savings : Companies try to reach to the consumer directly through mCommerce,
so users have no need to go far to the store physically and at the end it saves user’s time
and money.
6. Easy to use : There is no need of skilled consumer. Buyers can have look
thousands of items on their cell phones and there is no need of online checkout process.

17. What are the cons of M-Commerce?

1. Smart phone limitation (Small Screen): Mobile has no big screen like desktop or
laptops, so sometimes users tried to navigate more and more to choose just one item from
thousands. It affects shopping rates.
2. Habituate: Every new technology has some problem at the starting phase. Here
mCommerce is new application, so sometimes people avoid to change which are rapidly
change. As they are habituate to buy products from eCommerce.
3. The underlying network may impose several types of restrictions. For example,
the available bandwidth is restricted, international calls and SMS may be expensive.
Therefore ubiquity of E-commerce is hard to achieve.
4. Security: unless a customer is extremely careful, he may fall to various types of
frauds and may get billed for the items he did not purchase.
5. Risk factor: Each business has its own risk. Same Mobile commerce is the
growing field and a lot of investment in this field is become risky. Because technology
change day by day. Moreover, there less security in wireless network, so in data transfer
hacking chances are more.
6. Connectivity: Mobile commerce needs high speed connectivity of 3G. Otherwise
it is become hectic for user to go through entire product purchase process.

18. What is meant by M-Payment (Mobile Payment)?

A Mobile Payment (m-payment) may be defined as initiation, authorization and confirmation of
a financial transaction using a mobile devices like mobile phones, PDAs and other devices that
connects to a mobile network for making payments.

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19. What are the characteristics/properties of Mobile Payment System?

1. Simplicity and Usability
2. Universality
3. Interoperability
4. Security, privacy and Trust
5. Cost
6. Speed / Swiftness
7. Cross border payments

20. What are the different Mobile Payment System models?

There are three different models available for mobile payment solutions on the basis of payment:
1. Bank account based
2. Credit card based
3. Micro Payment

21. List out the various technologies used for M-Payment systems.
a) SMS (Short Message Service)
b) USSD (Unstructured Supplementary Services Delivery)
c) WAP/GPRS
d) Phone based applications (J2ME/BREW)
e) SIM-based Application
f) Near Field Communication (NFC)
g) Dual Chip
h) Mobile Wallet

22. Who are the stakeholders of M-Payment systems?

The mobile payment ecosystem involves the following types of stakeholders:
 Consumers
 Financial service providers (FSPs)
 Payment service providers (PSPs)
 In-service providers (merchants), including content providers
 Network service providers (NSPs)
 Device manufacturers
 Regulators
 Standardization and industry bodies
 Trusted service managers (TSMs)
 Application developers

23. What are the advantages of M-Payment System?

 Security: Mobile payments are more secure than traditional credit or debit cards.
The retailer’s system never has direct access to the cardholder’s account number, so current
point-of-sale malware doesn’t work against it.
 Speed: Most mobile payments are fast. Customers simply pass their mobile
device over a near-field communication (NFC) reader connected to the POS system. Some
systems require entering a password or PIN, but others are just scan-and-go.

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 Fewer cards to carry around: Instead of a wallet full of credit cards, customers
can simply carry an identification card and mobile device.
 Not limited to POS stations: Some retailers have already started experimenting
with mobile payment kiosks mounted around the retail floor. Customers can avoid long
lines and use their mobile devices to pay from anywhere.
 Tested and proven overseas: Consumers in Kenya, Japan, Hong Kong, and
Taiwan have been using mobile payment technology for over a decade. Japanese
consumers can use their cell phones to buy at vending machines, ticket booths, and 1.8
million retailers.

24. List out the disadvantages of M-Payment System.

 Cost: In most cases, accepting mobile payments requires additional POS hardware. The
NFC readers are not cheap, but because of upcoming changes to the credit card system that
will start next year, your business will probably need to upgrade soon. The cost of an NFC
reader included with the new hardware will probably be much less than current NFC
readers.
 Competing systems: There are at least three major companies that offer mobile wallet
services and dozens of smaller ones. Some systems require NFC readers, while others use
bar codes displayed on the screen. A few retailers offer their branded mobile wallets that
deduct funds from gift cards.
 Mobile hardware incompatibility: Not all systems work with all mobile hardware.
Many older and low-end smartphones lack NFC capabilities.
 Rewards: Some mobile wallets don’t give customers the same rewards as scanning their
credit card would. For example, Google Wallet sets up a MasterCard debit account that
charges the customer’s credit card on the back end. Suppose a customer has a branded
rewards card that gives double points for shopping at the issuing retailer. They would not
get a double reward since the card was charged by Google and not a retailer.

25. What are the risks associated with M-Payment systems?

 Inability to adapt to mobile payments can put a company at a competitive disadvantage.
 New processes create new security vulnerabilities. Over-the-air provisioning of payment
credentials and applications, for example, potentially creates new attack vectors for
eavesdroppers to steal and misuse customer data.
 Attackers can steal and misuse data, leading to painful disclosures, adverse publicity, and
fines.
 Failure to understand exactly where and how sensitive account data is stored and
transmitted can prevent organizations from clearly defining and implementing data
protection solutions.
 Rising transaction volumes can lead to performance bottlenecks as inefficient processing
limits capacity and degrades the customer experience.
 Overly cumbersome and costly security schemes can hinder an organization’s ability to
adapt quickly to new opportunities or to scale its business processes to meet rising service
demand.

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PART – B
1. Explain in detail about the architecture of Mobile Operating system. [U]
2. Explain the components of Mobile Operating Systems. [U] May/June 2016
3. Explain the following: [An]
a) Android OS
b) Windows Phone OS
c) Apple IOS
d) Blackberry OS
4. Write short notes on Android SDK. [U] May/June 2016
5. Explain about M-Commerce and its structure with neat sketch. [R]
6. Explain the various applications of M-Commerce. [R] May/June 2016
7. Discuss briefly about the various technologies involved in M-Payment system. [Ap]
8. Explain the working of M-Payment system with any example application. [An]
9. Explain the Mobile Payment Scheme and Security Issues. [U] May/June 2016

COURSE OUTCOME: An ability to understand and explain the features of various Mobile
Operating Systems.

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COURSE OUTCOMES

COURSE NAME : IT6601 - MOBILE COMPUTING

YEAR/SEMESTER : III / VI
YEAR OF STUDY : 2016 –2017 EVEN (R – 2013)
On Completion of this course student will gain

C311.1 An ability to explain the basics of Mobile Computing and MAC protocol.

C311.2 An ability to explain the need of Mobile Internet Protocol and Transport Layer Protocol.

C311.3 An ability to explain the various architectures of Mobile Telecommunication System.

C311.4 An ability to compare various routing protocols in Mobile Ad-hoc networks.

C311.5 An ability to understand and explain the features of various Mobile Operating Systems.

CO-PO MATRIX:
CO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12
C311.1 2 2 1 - - - - - - - - 1
C311.2 2 2 2 - - - - - - - - 1
C311.3 1 2 1 - - - - - - - - 1
C311.4 1 2 2 - - - - - - - - 2
C311.5 2 2 1 - - - - - - - - 2
C311 1.6 2 1.4 - - - - - - - - 1.4

CO-PSO MATRIX:

CO PSO1 PSO2 PSO3

C311.1 1 - -
C311.2 1 - -
C311.3 1 - -
C311.4 1 - -
C311.5 1 - -
C311 1 - -

32
III Year/VI SEM